TY - JOUR T1 - NMR structural studies of a 15-mer DNA duplex from a ras protooncogene modified with the carcinogen 2-aminofluorene: conformational heterogeneity. AN - 76350349; 8312255 AB - Proton NMR studies were conducted on the complementary 15-mer DNA duplex, d(5'-TACTCTTCTT[AF]GACCT).d (5'-AGGTCAAGAAGAGTA) (designated as the AF-modified duplex). The sequence represents a portion of the mouse c-Ha-ras protooncogene and was selectively modified to contain a single N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene (dG-C8-AF) adduct at the deoxyguanosine corresponding to the first base of codon 61. The AF-modified duplex was found to exist in multiple conformations, with one being predominant (approximately 60%). The exchangeable and nonexchangeable protons belonging to the major conformer were sufficiently well-resolved to allow the assignment of the majority of the base and sugar protons. The one-dimensional proton spectra, as well as the NOE cross-peak patterns associated with this conformer of the AF-modified duplex both in H2O and D2O spectra, were strikingly similar to those observed for the major conformer of an analogous duplex containing N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dG-C8-ABP) in the same position [Cho, B.P., Beland, F. A., & Marques, M. M. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 9587-9602]. The experimental results suggest that the AF- and ABP-modified duplexes adopt essentially identical major conformations, with each arylamine moiety being positioned in the major groove of a slightly disturbed B-type DNA duplex. Nonetheless, the absence of specific NOE cross peaks in the vicinity of the modification site indicates that the local structural perturbation is more severe in the AF-modified duplex. Although insufficient data precluded a detailed characterization of the minor conformers of the AF-modified duplex, the observation of significant shielding of the AF aromatic protons suggests a more dramatic structural alteration at the adduct site, possibly involving extensive stacking with the neighboring bases. The higher content (30-40%) of the minor conformers observed for the AF-modified duplex contrasted with the low contribution (5-10%) of similar structures in the ABP-modified duplex and may be attributed to a better overlapping efficiency of the planar AF ring with the nearby bases. Since the significant local perturbation observed in the minor conformers could provide a possible mechanism for mutations, our results support the view that the structural differences in the arylamine fragments of otherwise identical adducts have a direct influence on the conformational heterogeneities, which in turn may play a significant role in arylamine carcinogenesis. JF - Biochemistry AU - Cho, B P AU - Beland, F A AU - Marques, M M AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/02/15/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 15 SP - 1373 EP - 1384 VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - Fluorenes KW - 0 KW - Protons KW - 2-aminofluorene KW - 3A69OS195N KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Binding Sites KW - Fluorenes -- pharmacology KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - Nucleic Acid Conformation -- drug effects KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76350349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=NMR+structural+studies+of+a+15-mer+DNA+duplex+from+a+ras+protooncogene+modified+with+the+carcinogen+2-aminofluorene%3A+conformational+heterogeneity.&rft.au=Cho%2C+B+P%3BBeland%2C+F+A%3BMarques%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Cho&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-02-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decreasing cardiovascular disease and increasing cancer among whites in the United States from 1973 through 1987. Good news and bad news. AN - 76346069; 8295317 AB - Trends in cancer mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer incidence are assessed among US whites to determine whether aging of the population and smoking patterns completely account for increased cancer rates from 1973 through 1987. For mortality, percentage changes in age-specific rates were calculated. For cancer incidence, trends in age-specific rates across time periods and birth cohorts were assessed for several sites. National US cardiovascular and cancer mortality rates and incidence rates for smoking-related cancer, breast cancer, and all other types of cancer in 10% of the US population covered by the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program were analyzed. From 1973 through 1987, cardiovascular mortality decreased 42% in the age group 0 to 54 years and decreased 33% in the age group 55 to 84 years; concurrently, cancer mortality decreased 17% in the younger group but increased 12% in the older group. By 1987, even though proportionally fewer people in the older age groups died, relatively more of them died of cancer. Men born in the 1940s had twice as much cancer as those born in 1888 through 1897 and more than twice as much cancer not linked to smoking; women born during this period had 50% and 30% more of these same cancers, respectively. Rates of smoking-related cancers in recent cohorts of women were five to six times greater than in those born in 1888 through 1897, while rates in men declined. Recent cohorts of women also had more than twice as much breast cancer as those born in 1888 through 1897. In recent US birth cohorts, our model found that increases in cancer have occurred that are not solely linked to aging of the population and smoking patterns. In light of these results and similar findings in Sweden, changes in carcinogenic hazards in addition to smoking are likely to have occurred and need to be studied further. JF - JAMA AU - Davis, D L AU - Dinse, G E AU - Hoel, D G AD - Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201. Y1 - 1994/02/09/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 09 SP - 431 EP - 437 VL - 271 IS - 6 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Mortality -- trends KW - Child KW - Population Surveillance KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Smoking KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76346069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Decreasing+cardiovascular+disease+and+increasing+cancer+among+whites+in+the+United+States+from+1973+through+1987.+Good+news+and+bad+news.&rft.au=Davis%2C+D+L%3BDinse%2C+G+E%3BHoel%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-02-09&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-02 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 1994 Jul 20;272(3):199; author reply 199-200 [8022032] JAMA. 1994 Jul 20;272(3):199; author reply 199-200 [8022031] JAMA. 1994 Feb 9;271(6):468 [8295323] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Industries and occupations at high risk for work-related homicide. AN - 76469342; 8176509 AB - Homicide is the third leading cause of injury death in the workplace. The death certificate-based National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system and estimates of annual employment were used to calculate average annual rates of work-related homicide for detailed industries and occupations for the nation for 1980 to 1989. Workers in the taxicab industry had the highest rate of work-related homicide (26.9 per 100,000 workers). High rates were also identified for workers providing public and private security, and in a number of retail trade and service industries. For many high-risk industries, the risk was excessive for male workers only. Differences between rates for black and nonblack workers varied across industries and occupations. Immediate efforts to protect workers, and long-term efforts to describe and study work-related homicide thoroughly and to evaluate interventions are needed. JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Castillo, D N AU - Jenkins, E L AD - Injury Surveillance Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 125 EP - 132 VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Violence KW - Cause of Death KW - Population Surveillance KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Homicide -- psychology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Homicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- psychology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Accidents, Occupational -- psychology KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality KW - Homicide -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76469342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Industries+and+occupations+at+high+risk+for+work-related+homicide.&rft.au=Castillo%2C+D+N%3BJenkins%2C+E+L&rft.aulast=Castillo&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-09 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: search for occupational exposure. AN - 76468245; 8176510 AB - Two cases of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) that occurred in employees from one university academic department were investigated using approaches for both cluster and single case investigation. Common personal characteristics and potential past hazardous exposures were evaluated. The patients shared a young age at diagnosis, worked in the same building, and had similar duration of time between first entering the building and diagnosis of WM. No evidence was found to support the original hypothesis that exposure to radioactive material could be related to the occurrence of WM. Although this investigation did not identify a common causal agent among two cases of a rare disease, investigations of disease clusters may be useful for developing etiologic hypotheses even when a full-scale epidemiologic study is not undertaken. Detailed descriptions of case characteristics can help generate ideas for further research. JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Tepper, A AU - Moss, C E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 133 EP - 136 VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76468245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Waldenstrom%27s+macroglobulinemia%3A+search+for+occupational+exposure.&rft.au=Tepper%2C+A%3BMoss%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Tepper&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-09 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Opportunities for integration of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicokinetics in rational drug development. AN - 76455575; 8163710 JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Peck, C C AU - Barr, W H AU - Benet, L Z AU - Collins, J AU - Desjardins, R E AU - Furst, D E AU - Harter, J G AU - Levy, G AU - Ludden, T AU - Rodman, J H AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 111 EP - 119 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Drugs, Investigational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic KW - Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic KW - Drug Labeling KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Drugs, Investigational -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drugs, Investigational -- pharmacology KW - Drug Approval KW - Drugs, Investigational -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76455575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Opportunities+for+integration+of+pharmacokinetics%2C+pharmacodynamics%2C+and+toxicokinetics+in+rational+drug+development.&rft.au=Peck%2C+C+C%3BBarr%2C+W+H%3BBenet%2C+L+Z%3BCollins%2C+J%3BDesjardins%2C+R+E%3BFurst%2C+D+E%3BHarter%2C+J+G%3BLevy%2C+G%3BLudden%2C+T%3BRodman%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Peck&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-26 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne bacterial infections in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus. AN - 76376267; 8115877 AB - The literature contains reports documenting a foodborne etiology for bacterial infections caused by Salmonella spp, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, and Vibrio spp in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The incidence of these infections and the life-threatening complications that result are elevated in people with HIV infection. We present practical recommendations to prevent foodborne illnesses and the resulting complications, including gastroenteritis, bacteremia, meningitis, and death. We suggest that patients with HIV infection be counseled to avoid foods at high risk for harboring bacterial pathogens and to use careful sanitary practices in food preparation. JF - Southern medical journal AU - Altekruse, S AU - Hyman, F AU - Klontz, K AU - Timbo, B AU - Tollefson, L AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 169 EP - 173 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0038-4348, 0038-4348 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Vibrio -- pathogenicity KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- pathogenicity KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Salmonella -- pathogenicity KW - Food Handling KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- pathogenicity KW - Bacterial Infections -- etiology KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- complications KW - Food Microbiology KW - Bacterial Infections -- prevention & control KW - Bacterial Infections -- complications KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76376267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+medical+journal&rft.atitle=Foodborne+bacterial+infections+in+individuals+with+the+human+immunodeficiency+virus.&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S%3BHyman%2C+F%3BKlontz%2C+K%3BTimbo%2C+B%3BTollefson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southern+medical+journal&rft.issn=00384348&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-29 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Total serum testosterone and gonadotropins in workers exposed to dioxin. AN - 76375004; 8116602 AB - Human reproductive endocrine data may be an important source of epidemiologic information in regard to the toxic potential of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin). The association of serum dioxin with total serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone was examined in 248 chemical production workers from New Jersey and Missouri plants and 231 nonexposed neighborhood referents who participated in a medical evaluation in 1987. In linear regression analyses, current serum dioxin was positively and significantly related to luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone and inversely related to total testosterone after adjustment for potential confounders (p 28 IU/liter), high follicle-stimulating hormone (> 31 IU/liter), and low testosterone (< 10.4 nmol/liter) by serum dioxin quartiles. There was a greater prevalence of high luteinizing hormone among workers in the second (odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-5.5), third (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 0.9-7.3), and fourth (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 0.7-5.0) quartiles of serum dioxin compared with referents. For follicle-stimulating hormone, the authors observed a greater prevalence of high follicle-stimulating hormone among workers in the fourth quartile (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 0.7-5.6) compared with referents. Similarly, the prevalence of low testosterone was two to four times greater among workers in the second (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.3-11.3), third (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 0.9-8.2), and fourth quartiles (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 0.8-5.8) than among referents. The trends observed in these data offer human evidence of alterations in male reproductive hormone levels associated with dioxin exposure. The results support the animal literature in which dioxin-related effects have been observed on the hypothalamic-pituitary-Leydig-cell axis and on testosterone synthesis. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Egeland, G M AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Fingerhut, M A AU - Wille, K K AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Halperin, W E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1994/02/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 01 SP - 272 EP - 281 VL - 139 IS - 3 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Luteinizing Hormone KW - 9002-67-9 KW - Follicle Stimulating Hormone KW - 9002-68-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Missouri KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Aged KW - Matched-Pair Analysis KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Logistic Models KW - Adult KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Middle Aged KW - New Jersey KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Dioxins -- blood KW - Testosterone -- blood KW - Luteinizing Hormone -- blood KW - Follicle Stimulating Hormone -- blood KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76375004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Total+serum+testosterone+and+gonadotropins+in+workers+exposed+to+dioxin.&rft.au=Egeland%2C+G+M%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BFingerhut%2C+M+A%3BWille%2C+K+K%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M%3BHalperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Egeland&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Epidemiol. 1997 Mar 15;145(6):569 [9063349] Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Mar 1;141(5):477; author reply 477-8 [7879793] Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Mar 1;141(5):476-7; author reply 477-8 [7879792] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progesterone and estradiol interaction in the regulation of rat uterine weight and estrogen receptor concentration. AN - 76360497; 8108464 AB - Autologous down-regulation of hormone receptors has been shown for several steroid hormones. We have previously shown estradiol (E2) regulates estrogen receptor (ER) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. These studies have been extended to investigate the interaction between progesterone (P) and E2 in the regulation of ER and uterine weight. We implanted Silastic capsules containing varying concentrations of E2 (0.0005 mg E2/ml to 5.0 mg E2/ml of sesame oil) into adult female Sprague-Dawley rats one week after OVX. Simultaneously with implantation, P injections were started (sc in sesame oil) at doses of 1-40 mg/day for three days. In the absence of P, the 0.05 mg E2/ml implant significantly increased total ER levels (measured by cytosol and nuclear exchange assays) by 25%, while the two highest concentrations of E2 (0.5 and 5.0 mg E2/ml) significantly decreased cytosol and total ER levels by at least 40%. No P dose altered ER levels in OVX rats or in rats given E2 implants of 0.01 mg E2/ml or lower. At E2 implant concentrations of 0.05 mg E2/ml and higher, P decreased total ER levels 30%-50% compared to the appropriate E2-only controls. P increased uterine weight by 25% in OVX controls and in rats treated with E2 implants of 0.01 mg E2/ml and below. In contrast, P inhibited uterine weight gain induced by 0.05-5.0 mg/E2 ml implants by 20%-30%; maximal inhibition occurred at 5 mg/day of P and above. These data demonstrate that P increases uterine weight but does not alter ER concentration in rats with low E2 levels (OVX or low E2 concentration implants) but decreases uterine weight and down-regulates ER at higher E2 levels, regardless of whether ER is up-regulated or down-regulated by E2. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Medlock, K L AU - Forrester, T M AU - Sheehan, D M AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 146 EP - 153 VL - 205 IS - 2 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Drug Implants KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Ovariectomy KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Uterus -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- drug effects KW - Estradiol -- blood KW - Estradiol -- administration & dosage KW - Down-Regulation KW - Progesterone -- pharmacology KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Progesterone -- administration & dosage KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- metabolism KW - Uterus -- anatomy & histology KW - Progesterone -- blood KW - Uterus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76360497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Progesterone+and+estradiol+interaction+in+the+regulation+of+rat+uterine+weight+and+estrogen+receptor+concentration.&rft.au=Medlock%2C+K+L%3BForrester%2C+T+M%3BSheehan%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Medlock&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of DNA adduct formation in mice fed coal tar or benzo[a]pyrene. AN - 76353160; 8313515 AB - Coal tar is a complex mixture containing hundreds of compounds, including the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene. In order to compare the metabolic activation of a single carcinogen versus a complex mixture containing the carcinogen, we determined the DNA adduct profiles in B6C3F1 mice fed doses of coal tar or benzo[a]pyrene at concentrations corresponding to the amount of benzo[a]pyrene found in the respective coal tar treatments. DNA adduct formation was quantified in liver, lungs and forestomach by 32P-postlabeling and was found to increase as a function of dose in each tissue with both coal tar and benzo[a]pyrene. In mice fed benzo[a]pyrene, a major adduct was detected with the same elution characteristics by TLC and HPLC as the major adduct, 10 beta-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-7 beta, 8 alpha, 9 alpha-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10- tetrahydrobenzo[a]-pyrene (dG-N2-BPDE), obtained from reacting (+/-)-antibenzo[a]pyrene-7,8- dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) with DNA. DNA binding was in the order forestomach > or = liver > lung, except at the highest dose group where the order was liver > forestomach > lung. In mice fed coal tar, a diagonal zone of radioactivity with a number of discrete adducts was observed. One area of radioactivity contained the major BPDE adduct, dG-N2-BPDE, based on co-elution by TLC and HPLC with the synthesized adduct. Total DNA binding was greater in the coal tar-fed mice than in the mice fed benzo[a]pyrene, and the adduct levels were in the order lung > liver > forestomach. These results indicate that there are tissue-specific differences in the activation of coal tar components when compared to a representative carcinogen contained within the mixture. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Culp, S J AU - Beland, F A AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 247 EP - 252 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide KW - 55097-80-8 KW - Coal Tar KW - 8007-45-2 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- metabolism KW - Stomach -- metabolism KW - DNA Damage KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Coal Tar -- toxicity KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76353160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+DNA+adduct+formation+in+mice+fed+coal+tar+or+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene.&rft.au=Culp%2C+S+J%3BBeland%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Culp&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Caloric restriction profoundly inhibits liver tumor formation after initiation by 6-nitrochrysene in male mice. AN - 76350256; 8313502 AB - Caloric restriction (CR) inhibited strongly the incidence of chemically-induced tumors in the neonatal B6C3F1 mouse tumorigenicity bioassay, when begun 3 months after treatment with the potent carcinogen 6-nitrochrysene. These data indicate that CR can have a profound inhibitory effect on tumor development even long after metabolic activation and DNA repair have occurred. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Fu, P P AU - Dooley, K L AU - Von Tungeln, L S AU - Bucci, T AU - Hart, R W AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 159 EP - 161 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Chrysenes KW - 6-nitrochrysene KW - 82ZK83O33Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - DNA Damage KW - Biotransformation KW - Food Deprivation KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Chrysenes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Adenoma -- prevention & control KW - Adenoma -- chemically induced KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Energy Intake KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76350256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Caloric+restriction+profoundly+inhibits+liver+tumor+formation+after+initiation+by+6-nitrochrysene+in+male+mice.&rft.au=Fu%2C+P+P%3BDooley%2C+K+L%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+L+S%3BBucci%2C+T%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory considerations for oligonucleotide drugs: updated recommendations for pharmacology and toxicology studies. AN - 77830816; 7734946 AB - This article describes pharmacology and toxicity studies for oligonucleotide drugs that are recommended for inclusion in the initial Investigational New Drug Application (IND), a first request to use an investigational drug in clinical trials. Recent observations of non-sequence-dependent cardiovascular toxicity and deaths in monkeys following intravenous infusions of phosphorothioates have raised a potential safety concern for oligonucleotide drugs. This concern should be considered by drug sponsors in designing pre-IND nonclinical development programs and Phase I clinical protocols. Pre-IND conduct of pharmacodynamic cardiovascular screening is highly recommended for defining safe clinical dosing regimens for phosphorothioate (and, possibly, other charged-backbone) oligomers. Additionally, drug sponsors are encouraged to (1) conduct research into-the mechanisms responsible for this dose-limiting toxicity, (2) institute liberal publication policies for research conducted under industrial sponsorship, and (3) communicate with reviewing divisions at FDA for updated guidance in this field when planning pre-IND safety studies. Recommendations for nonclinical studies during development of oligonucleotides will be modified as new information regarding the biological properties of oligonucleotides becomes available. JF - Antisense research and development AU - Black, L E AU - Farrelly, J G AU - Cavagnaro, J A AU - Ahn, C H AU - DeGeorge, J J AU - Taylor, A S AU - DeFelice, A F AU - Jordan, A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Antiviral Drug Products, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 299 EP - 301 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1050-5261, 1050-5261 KW - Drugs, Investigational KW - 0 KW - Oligonucleotides KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Humans KW - Investigational New Drug Application KW - Protein Binding KW - Drugs, Investigational -- pharmacology KW - Oligonucleotides -- pharmacology KW - Drugs, Investigational -- metabolism KW - Drugs, Investigational -- adverse effects KW - Oligonucleotides -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77830816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antisense+research+and+development&rft.atitle=Regulatory+considerations+for+oligonucleotide+drugs%3A+updated+recommendations+for+pharmacology+and+toxicology+studies.&rft.au=Black%2C+L+E%3BFarrelly%2C+J+G%3BCavagnaro%2C+J+A%3BAhn%2C+C+H%3BDeGeorge%2C+J+J%3BTaylor%2C+A+S%3BDeFelice%2C+A+F%3BJordan%2C+A&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antisense+research+and+development&rft.issn=10505261&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-08 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assay for oxidative metabolism. AN - 77800685; 7711857 JF - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) AU - Harvath, L AU - Terle, D A AD - Division of Hematology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 281 EP - 287 VL - 34 SN - 1064-3745, 1064-3745 KW - Fluoresceins KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein KW - 56NQM5UZT1 KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.6.- KW - NADPH Oxidase KW - EC 1.6.3.1 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Burst -- drug effects KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Blood Cells -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Blood Cells -- drug effects KW - Cell Separation -- methods KW - Neutrophils -- metabolism KW - Neutrophils -- drug effects KW - Flow Cytometry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77800685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+aerosol+medicine+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Aerosols+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Regulatory+aspects+of+modifications+to+innovator+bronchodilator+metered+dose+inhalers+and+development+of+generic+substitutes.&rft.au=Adams%2C+W+P%3BPoochikian%2C+G%3BTaylor%2C+A+S%3BPatel%2C+R+M%3BBurke%2C+G+P%3BWilliams%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+aerosol+medicine+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Aerosols+in+Medicine&rft.issn=08942684&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-18 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assay for filamentous actin. AN - 77800648; 7711855 JF - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) AU - Harvath, L AD - Division of Hematology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 261 EP - 268 VL - 34 SN - 1064-3745, 1064-3745 KW - Actins KW - 0 KW - Amanitins KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Polymers KW - phallotoxin KW - 54351-96-1 KW - N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine KW - 59880-97-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Neutrophils -- drug effects KW - N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine -- pharmacology KW - Neutrophils -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Neutrophils -- physiology KW - Polymers -- analysis KW - Protein Conformation KW - Actins -- analysis KW - Actins -- chemistry KW - Flow Cytometry -- methods KW - Cell Separation -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77800648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+molecular+biology+%28Clifton%2C+N.J.%29&rft.atitle=Assay+for+filamentous+actin.&rft.au=Harvath%2C+L&rft.aulast=Harvath&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+molecular+biology+%28Clifton%2C+N.J.%29&rft.issn=10643745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-18 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of dexamethasone-induced embryotoxicity in vitro in mouse and rat embryos. AN - 77796871; 7709365 AB - Previous work demonstrated that rat embryos were more susceptible to the growth retardation effect of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) in vivo than were mouse embryos. The purpose of this study was to examine this species difference using an in vitro system. Embryos of CD rats and CD-1 mice were cultured in a whole embryo culture system with concentrations of DEX from 5 to 250 micrograms/ml. Rat embryos were explanted on day 9 of gestation (GD 9: plug day = GD 0), while mouse embryos were removed on GD 8. After 48 h in culture, each viable embryo was evaluated for morphological score, and the number of somite pairs, crown-rump, and head lengths, as well as DNA and protein concentrations were determined. A reduced morphological score was observed for mouse embryos at 5 micrograms DEX/ml, but a significant decrease in this parameter was only observed at DEX concentrations of > or = 100 micrograms/ml in rat embryos. Significant reductions in the number of somite pairs were observed at 25 micrograms/ml for mouse embryos and 100 micrograms/ml for rat embryos. Crown-rump and head lengths as well as DNA and protein concentrations were significantly decreased at 100 micrograms/ml in mouse embryos and 150 micrograms/ml in rat embryos. Therefore, in vitro mouse embryos were adversely affected by lower concentrations of DEX than were rat embryos for each of the six end points examined in this study. This species sensitivity in vitro could be due to inherent genetic differences or to the slightly different developmental stages evaluated using the culture system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis AU - Hansen, D K AU - Grafton, T F AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 281 EP - 289 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Culture Techniques KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Species Specificity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects KW - Dexamethasone -- toxicity KW - Rats -- embryology KW - Mice -- embryology KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77796871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+dexamethasone-induced+embryotoxicity+in+vitro+in+mouse+and+rat+embryos.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+D+K%3BGrafton%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat-resistant fungi of importance to the food and beverage industry. AN - 77732287; 7857517 AB - Spoilage of pasteurized and canned fruit and fruit products caused by heat-resistant molds have been reported repeatedly in recent years. Species most commonly implicated in fruit and fruit product disintegration are Byssochlamys fulva, Byssochlamys nivea, Neosartorya fischeri, Talaromyces flavus, and Eupenicillium brefeldianum. These organisms are saprophytic rather than parasitic and usually contaminate fruits on or near the ground. They can survive heat treatments used for fruit processing and can grow and spoil the products during storage at room temperature, which results in great economic losses. Mold heat resistance is attributed to the formation of sexual spores, ascospores. Ascospores have a wide range of heat resistance, depending on species, strain, age of organism, heating medium, pH, presence of sugars, fats, and acids in heating medium, growth conditions, etc. The mechanism(s) of thermoresistance are not clear; probably some very stable compound(s) critical to germination and outgrowth are present in the heat-resistant ascospores. Besides spoilage, the heat-resistant molds produce a number of toxic secondary metabolites, such as byssotoxin A; byssochlamic acid; the carcinogen, patulin, the tremorgenic substances, fumitremorgin A and C, and verruculogen; fischerin, which caused fatal peritonitis in mice; and eupenifeldin, a compound possessing cytotoxicity as well as in vivo antitumor activity. Growth of heat-resistant fungi can be controlled by lowering the water activity, adding sulfur dioxide, sorbate, or benzoate; washing of fruits in hypochlorite solution before heat treatment reduces the number of ascospores and makes the heat destruction more successful. More research is needed to elucidate the mechanism(s) of thermoresistance and develop new methods for the complete inactivation of resistant ascospores. JF - Critical reviews in microbiology AU - Tournas, V AD - Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 243 EP - 263 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 1040-841X, 1040-841X KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Beverages KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Fungi -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77732287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+microbiology&rft.atitle=Heat-resistant+fungi+of+importance+to+the+food+and+beverage+industry.&rft.au=Tournas%2C+V&rft.aulast=Tournas&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+microbiology&rft.issn=1040841X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-22 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacology and public health: the Jamaica ginger paralysis episode of the 1930s. AN - 77126013; 11613494 JF - Pharmacy in history AU - Parascandola, J AD - Public Health Service, Rockville Pike, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 123 EP - 131 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0031-7047, 0031-7047 KW - Alcohols KW - 0 KW - Poisons KW - History of medicine KW - Smith KW - Elvove KW - United States KW - History, 20th Century KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Humans KW - Poisons -- history KW - Paralysis -- history KW - Alcohols -- history KW - National Institutes of Health (U.S.) -- history KW - Public Health -- history KW - Pharmacology -- history UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77126013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacy+in+history&rft.atitle=Pharmacology+and+public+health%3A+the+Jamaica+ginger+paralysis+episode+of+the+1930s.&rft.au=Parascandola%2C+J&rft.aulast=Parascandola&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacy+in+history&rft.issn=00317047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-23 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - People - Elvove; Smith N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Elvove; Smith ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linking research and service delivery: the unique mission of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. AN - 77123521; 8722449 JF - NIDA research monograph AU - Jansen, M A AD - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 23 EP - 26 VL - 140 SN - 1046-9516, 1046-9516 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Research -- organization & administration KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77123521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.atitle=Linking+research+and+service+delivery%3A+the+unique+mission+of+the+Substance+Abuse+and+Mental+Health+Services+Administration.&rft.au=Jansen%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Jansen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.issn=10469516&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-12 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Autoradiographic approaches to studying hallucinogens or other drugs. AN - 77122568; 8742801 AB - Autoradiography provides a powerful tool whereby an investigator can study different aspects of hallucinogens in the laboratory and the clinic. Receptor autoradiography can be performed in vitro to map binding sites of hallucinogens or to assess potential neurotoxic sequelae of hallucinogen treatments. Similarly, such studies can be performed in vivo to the same end. Receptor autoradiography can be performed in a clinical setting using PET to study acute dynamic binding properties of hallucinogens in humans or for long-term followup studies. In vivo autoradiography of metabolic markers appears useful in the laboratory and potentially in the clinic to help researchers understand not only where, but also the manner in which, the brain responds functionally to hallucinogens. JF - NIDA research monograph AU - Appel, N M AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 214 EP - 240 VL - 146 SN - 1046-9516, 1046-9516 KW - Hallucinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Brain Chemistry -- drug effects KW - Hallucinogens -- pharmacology KW - Autoradiography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77122568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.atitle=Autoradiographic+approaches+to+studying+hallucinogens+or+other+drugs.&rft.au=Appel%2C+N+M&rft.aulast=Appel&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=&rft.spage=214&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.issn=10469516&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Manual of food quality control. 16. Radionuclides in food. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. AN - 77112141; 7641869 JF - FAO food and nutrition paper AU - Baratta, E J Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 127 VL - 14 IS - 16 KW - Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Quality Control KW - Italy KW - Radiation Protection -- standards KW - Food Contamination, Radioactive -- analysis KW - United Nations KW - Radioisotopes -- analysis KW - Manuals as Topic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77112141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=FAO+food+and+nutrition+paper&rft.atitle=Manual+of+food+quality+control.+16.+Radionuclides+in+food.+Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations.&rft.au=Baratta%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Baratta&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FAO+food+and+nutrition+paper&rft.issn=02544725&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1995-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychotherapeutic Medications Development Program (PMDP) Workshop on NMDA Receptor Antagonists: neurotoxicity evaluation. Introduction. AN - 77097764; 7770616 JF - Psychopharmacology bulletin AU - Leber, P AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 527 EP - 532 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0048-5764, 0048-5764 KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77097764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+and+Drug+Analysis&rft.atitle=New+vaccine+technologies%2C+adjuvants+and+delivery+system&rft.au=Lee%2C+Chi-Jen%3BKoizumi%2C+M%3BKosaka%2C+T&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Chi-Jen&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+and+Drug+Analysis&rft.issn=10219498&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute behavioral toxicity of MK-801 and phencyclidine: effects on rhesus monkey performance in an operant test battery. AN - 77097549; 7770627 AB - Monkey performance of operant tasks was used to model several brain functions and monitor the acute effects of MK-801 and phencyclidine (PCP). MK-801 is a relatively selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, while PCP is an NMDA antagonist that is also active at sigma opiate receptors. A comparison of these drugs' effects may indicate the relative importance of certain neurotransmitter receptor systems for specific behaviors. Learning and time perception behaviors are more sensitive (affected at lower doses) to the disruptive effects of MK-801 than are behaviors that model short-term memory, motivation, and color and position discrimination. Such selective disruption was not obtained for PCP: learning, short-term memory and attention, time perception, and motivation tasks are all equally sensitive to disruption. These findings suggest that specific brain functions are differentially affected by modulation of the NMDA and sigma opiate systems. JF - Psychopharmacology bulletin AU - Paule, M G AD - Behavioral Toxicology Laboratory, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 613 EP - 621 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0048-5764, 0048-5764 KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - Phencyclidine KW - J1DOI7UV76 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Male KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Phencyclidine -- toxicity KW - Psychomotor Performance -- drug effects KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77097549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology+bulletin&rft.atitle=Acute+behavioral+toxicity+of+MK-801+and+phencyclidine%3A+effects+on+rhesus+monkey+performance+in+an+operant+test+battery.&rft.au=Paule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology+bulletin&rft.issn=00485764&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile organic compounds in the blood of persons in Kuwait during the oil fires. AN - 76911717; 7806395 AB - Between March and November of 1991, approximately 9000 workers from 43 different countries battled the burning oil wells in Kuwait. To document the exposure of persons in Kuwait during the oil well fires to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), we obtained samples of blood from 14 U.S. personnel in Kuwait City in May of 1991 (group I) and 40 American firefighters working in the oil fields in October of 1991 (group II). Concentrations of VOCs in group I and group II were compared with those of a random sample of 114 persons in the United States (reference group). The median concentrations of VOCs in group I were equal to or lower than those in the reference group. We found significant differences between the median concentrations of several VOCs in group II and the reference group. Median levels of ethylbenzene were about 10 times higher among group II than among the reference group (0.53 microgram/l vs 0.052 microgram/l). Median levels of benzene, m-/p-xylene, o-xylene, styrene, and toluene among group II were more than double those of the reference group. Although firefighters had higher median concentrations of VOCs than the reference group, those American personnel in Kuwait not involved in fighting the oil fires had concentrations of VOCs comparable to those in the reference group. Blood VOC measurements indicate a significant increase in exposure to VOCs in firefighters, but do not demonstrate this in personnel in Kuwait City. JF - International archives of occupational and environmental health AU - Etzel, R A AU - Ashley, D L AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 125 EP - 129 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 0340-0131, 0340-0131 KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Smoke KW - Styrenes KW - Xylenes KW - Toluene KW - 3FPU23BG52 KW - Styrene KW - 44LJ2U959V KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - ethylbenzene KW - L5I45M5G0O KW - Index Medicus KW - Warfare KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Xylenes -- blood KW - Toluene -- blood KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Styrenes -- blood KW - Middle Aged KW - Kuwait KW - Male KW - Female KW - Fires KW - Benzene -- analysis KW - Industrial Oils KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Benzene Derivatives -- blood KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76911717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Volatile+organic+compounds+in+the+blood+of+persons+in+Kuwait+during+the+oil+fires.&rft.au=Etzel%2C+R+A%3BAshley%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Etzel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-31 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA adducts of nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. AN - 76910421; 7806315 JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Beland, F A AU - Marques, M M AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 229 EP - 244 IS - 125 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Mutagens KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - DNA Adducts -- biosynthesis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Nitro Compounds -- metabolism KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Nitro Compounds -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Nitro Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76910421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=DNA+adducts+of+nitropolycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons.&rft.au=Beland%2C+F+A%3BMarques%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=125&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA adducts of carcinogenic aromatic amines. AN - 76910070; 7806313 JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Office of Research (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 199 EP - 216 IS - 125 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - DNA Adducts -- biosynthesis KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - DNA Adducts -- chemistry KW - Amines -- toxicity KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Amines -- metabolism KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76910070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=DNA+adducts+of+carcinogenic+aromatic+amines.&rft.au=Kadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Kadlubar&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=125&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the protective effects of desferrioxamine and ICRF-187 against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AN - 76876966; 7987999 AB - Since the iron-mediated formation of free radicals is considered to be a critical factor in the pathogenesis of the toxicity of doxorubicin (DXR), comparisons were made of the protective effects of two iron chelators, ICRF-187 and desferrioxamine (DFO), against the chronic cardiac and renal toxicity induced by DXR in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Two preparations of DFO were studied: DFO mesylate (DFO-M) and a polymeric form (DFO-P) in which DFO is conjugated to hydroxyethyl starch. Groups of 5 SHR each were given 12 weekly i.v. injections of 1 mg/kg DXR either alone or 30 min after the i.p. injection of 25 mg/kg ICRF-187, 50 mg/kg DFO-M, 50 mg/kg DFO-P, or 100 mg/kg DFO-P. A semiquantitative assessment was made of the cardiomyopathy (Billingham scale) and nephropathy. Renal protection was minimal with DFO-M and moderate with ICRF-187 and both doses of DFO-P. There was no cardiac protection with DFO-M. Both doses of DFO-P provided similar but modest degrees of cardiac protection. DXR-induced mortality was not prevented by either preparation of DFO. ICRF-187 provided a higher degree of protection against the cardiotoxicity and the mortality induced by DXR. Since both DFO and ICRF-187 are highly efficient chelators of iron in vitro, the differences in their in vivo protective effects are thought to be related to their cellular uptake and intracellular distribution and to the relative availability of different intracellular iron pools to these agents. JF - Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology AU - Herman, E H AU - Zhang, J AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Division of Research and Testing, Food and Drug Administration (HFD-472), Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 93 EP - 100 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0344-5704, 0344-5704 KW - Razoxane KW - 5AR83PR647 KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Deferoxamine KW - J06Y7MXW4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Kidney Diseases -- pathology KW - Animals KW - Heart Rate -- drug effects KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Kidney Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Razoxane -- therapeutic use KW - Cardiomyopathies -- pathology KW - Doxorubicin -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Cardiomyopathies -- prevention & control KW - Doxorubicin -- toxicity KW - Deferoxamine -- therapeutic use KW - Cardiomyopathies -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76876966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+protective+effects+of+desferrioxamine+and+ICRF-187+against+doxorubicin-induced+toxicity+in+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats.&rft.au=Herman%2C+E+H%3BZhang%2C+J%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.issn=03445704&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) modulates the mutagenic effects produced by an alkylating agent in vivo. AN - 76805736; 7957125 AB - Recent reports suggest that ascorbic acid (vitamin C) inhibits tumorigenesis as well as exerts a protective effect against mutagenesis in vitro; however, there is no information on its ability to affect gene mutations induced in vivo. In this study, we have investigated the antimutagenic effects of ascorbic acid on the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant (6-TGr) T-lymphocytes produced in Fischer 344 rats dosed with the direct-acting alkylating agent, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). The frequency of 6-TGr T-lymphocytes from the spleen measured five weeks after ENU treatment indicated that ENU produced a substantial mutagenic response. Pretreatment and/or post-treatment of rats with ascorbic acid administered in the drinking water appeared to inhibit the response, but the inhibition was statistically significant only when data from the various dosing schedules were pooled. In addition, there was no clear dose-dependency to the inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid. To further evaluate the time effects of the vitamin supplement on ENU mutagenicity, rats were exposed to the mutagen together with ascorbic acid, which was given continuously for the entire duration of the experiment. At specific times after ENU treatment, the frequency of 6-TGr T-cells was determined in lymphocytes isolated from the spleen and the thymus. Time-dependent increases in the frequency of 6-TGr T-cells were observed with ENU treatment; ascorbic acid significantly reduced the ENU-mediated mutagenic responses, most dramatically in the spleen at weeks 6 and 8 (P < 0.0001), and to a lesser extent in the thymus (P < 0.01 at week 6 and P < 0.006 at week 8). Our data suggest that ascorbic acid intake affects the in vivo mutagenicity of ENU, a direct-acting mutagen/carcinogen, and that the reported inhibitory effects of the antioxidant on carcinogenesis may be partially mediated by its effects on mutagenesis. Although it is difficult to extrapolate from rodent studies to humans, the results presented suggest an explanation for epidemiological data that link vitamin C ingestion with decreased cancer risk. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Aidoo, A AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Lensing, S AU - Wamer, W AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 220 EP - 228 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Thioguanine KW - FTK8U1GZNX KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Thymus Gland -- cytology KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Thymus Gland -- drug effects KW - Thioguanine -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Mutagenesis -- drug effects KW - Ascorbic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Mutagenesis -- genetics KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76805736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Ascorbic+acid+%28vitamin+C%29+modulates+the+mutagenic+effects+produced+by+an+alkylating+agent+in+vivo.&rft.au=Aidoo%2C+A%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BLensing%2C+S%3BWamer%2C+W&rft.aulast=Aidoo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Principles of developmental neurotoxicology. AN - 76722274; 8090351 AB - With 4-8 percent of U.S. children exhibiting anatomical and/or functional deficits, and the occurrence of several tragic clinical syndromes resulting from developmental exposure to such agents as ethanol, lead and methylmercury, there is good reason to focus attention on the principles of developmental neurotoxicology. Various animal models have been used to confirm the developmental neurotoxicity that results from exposure to these agents, and along with clinical evidence, have implicated several other chemical classes such as antimitotics, insecticides, polyhalogenated hydrocarbons, psychoactive drugs, solvents and vitamins as specific agents with developmental neurotoxic potential. As for developmental toxicity in general, the nature and extent of neurotoxic effects are often dependent on the timing of exposure, and because stages of nervous system development can vary significantly between species in relation to the time of birth, variations in neurotoxic outcome across species are expected. There are several instances in which functional alterations (e.g., neuromotor development, locomotor activity, reactivity and/or habituation, learning and memory and sensory system modulation) have been observed at doses below those needed to produce other indicators of developmental toxicity. Neuroanatomical/neurohistological, neurochemical and neurophysiological endpoints have been used to substantiate these functional deficits and/or to describe adverse nervous system effects in the absence of functional data. As knowledge about the toxicological mechanisms underlying the expression of developmental neurotoxicity is increased, the ability to conduct quantitative risk assessments and protect human health will be enhanced. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Slikker, W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 11 EP - 16 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Nervous System Diseases -- congenital KW - Nervous System -- growth & development KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Toxicology KW - Neurology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76722274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Principles+of+developmental+neurotoxicology.&rft.au=Slikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-17 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction of citrinin and ochratoxin A. AN - 76721617; 8087432 AB - The mycotoxins citrinin and ochratoxin A are produced in common by some molds and have been found together in a number of foods and animal feeds. We used in vitro tests to determine if the same effects are produced by these two mycotoxins when they act both independently and together. Renal cortical cubes prepared from kidneys of young adult Hormel-Hanford miniature swine were cultured in the presence or absence of the toxins for 1 h at 37 degrees C. The concentration of the toxins both singly and in combination ranged from 10(-6) to 10(-3) M. The tissues were incubated, removed, rinsed, and reincubated to measure transport of either tetraethylammonium (TEA) or paraminohippurate (PAH) ions and protein synthesis, using 3H-leucine. The transport data were analyzed by a recently developed logistic function test to ascertain whether the effects were additive, synergistic, or antagonistic. The significance of deviation was tested after a potency multiplier was added to the mixture. Data for three of the five experiments measuring TEA transport indicated a synergistic effect; for the other two, the results were not significantly different from additivity. The same was true for PAH transport. For protein synthesis, one experiment showed synergism; for the other, nonadditivity was not significant. None of the measurements showed antagonism between the two toxins. As with several other systems, tests of biochemical effects showed that administration of citrinin and ochratoxin A together did not elicit either consistent or strong synergistic responses. JF - Natural toxins AU - Braunberg, R C AU - Barton, C N AU - Gantt, O O AU - Friedman, L AD - Division of Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 124 EP - 131 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Ochratoxins KW - 0 KW - Potassium Channel Blockers KW - Tetraethylammonium Compounds KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - Citrinin KW - 3S697X6SNZ KW - Tetraethylammonium KW - 66-40-0 KW - p-Aminohippuric Acid KW - Y79XT83BJ9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Culture Techniques KW - Ion Transport -- drug effects KW - Tetraethylammonium Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - p-Aminohippuric Acid -- pharmacokinetics KW - Swine, Miniature KW - Male KW - Citrinin -- toxicity KW - Kidney Cortex -- drug effects KW - Ochratoxins -- toxicity KW - Kidney Cortex -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76721617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+citrinin+and+ochratoxin+A.&rft.au=Braunberg%2C+R+C%3BBarton%2C+C+N%3BGantt%2C+O+O%3BFriedman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Braunberg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory aspects of modifications to innovator bronchodilator metered dose inhalers and development of generic substitutes. AN - 76719122; 10147277 AB - Regulatory requirements for modifications to an approved innovator metered dose inhaler (pressurized MDI; USP nomenclature: inhalation aerosol) and for development of a new generic product are discussed. Although many of the requirements apply generally to MDI's, they are discussed with specific reference to albuterol. Changes to the container and closure system may impact on the dosimetry of the redesigned product, as well as upon toxicologic and chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC) concerns. Changes to the formulation, including the use of alternate propellants, may raise issues requiring both clinical and in vivo performance evaluation. In view of the level of interest of a number of firms in approval requirements for generic Albuterol Inhalation Aerosol products, the article discusses in considerable detail the CMC and bioequivalence requirements for a generic product. Similarities in the CMC requirements for innovator and generic products are evident. Three comparative in vivo bioequivalence tests, particle size distribution, spray pattern and plume geometry, and unit spray content, established by the Division of Bioequivalence are discussed. Similarities and differences in the in vivo requirements for innovator and generic products are evident. Differences are the result of U.S. statute, which requires safety and efficacy testing for a product approved under a new drug application (NDA), but documentation of bioequivalence for a product approved under an abbreviated new drug application (ANDA). The advantages and disadvantages of three pharmacodynamic study designs which have potential usefulness for documentation of in vivo bioequivalence are discussed. JF - Journal of aerosol medicine : the official journal of the International Society for Aerosols in Medicine AU - Adams, W P AU - Poochikian, G AU - Taylor, A S AU - Patel, R M AU - Burke, G P AU - Williams, R L AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20855. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 119 EP - 134 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0894-2684, 0894-2684 KW - Bronchodilator Agents KW - 0 KW - Drugs, Generic KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Therapeutic Equivalency KW - Equipment Design KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Lung Diseases, Obstructive -- drug therapy KW - Bronchodilator Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Bronchodilator Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Nebulizers and Vaporizers -- standards KW - Bronchodilator Agents -- chemical synthesis KW - Bronchodilator Agents -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76719122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+aerosol+medicine+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Aerosols+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Regulatory+aspects+of+modifications+to+innovator+bronchodilator+metered+dose+inhalers+and+development+of+generic+substitutes.&rft.au=Adams%2C+W+P%3BPoochikian%2C+G%3BTaylor%2C+A+S%3BPatel%2C+R+M%3BBurke%2C+G+P%3BWilliams%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+aerosol+medicine+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Aerosols+in+Medicine&rft.issn=08942684&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical individuality and its implications for drug and carcinogen metabolism: recent insights from acetyltransferase and cytochrome P4501A2 phenotyping and genotyping in humans. AN - 76705300; 8082575 JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Office of Research (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 37 EP - 46 VL - 26 IS - 1-2 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Acetyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Genotype KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Acetyltransferases -- chemistry KW - Oxidoreductases -- genetics KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Acetyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Oxidoreductases -- chemistry KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- chemistry KW - Amines -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Acetyltransferases -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76705300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=Biochemical+individuality+and+its+implications+for+drug+and+carcinogen+metabolism%3A+recent+insights+from+acetyltransferase+and+cytochrome+P4501A2+phenotyping+and+genotyping+in+humans.&rft.au=Kadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Kadlubar&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement of acute myocardial lesions by asthma drugs in rats. AN - 76684064; 7915431 AB - Asthma morbidity and mortality have risen significantly in the last 10 years. The reasons for the increase are multifactorial. One proposed explanation is possible myocardial toxicity arising from the use of beta-agonists alone or in combination with methylxanthines. Previous studies have shown that beta-agonists given alone and beta-agonist/methylxanthine combinations given at higher than recommended clinical doses induced dose-related cardiotoxicity and sudden death in rats. The objective of the present study was to determine whether or not beta-agonists given alone and in combination with methylxanthines at recommended clinical doses also induce cardiotoxicity and sudden death in rats. The beta-agonists, isoproterenol hydrochloride (15 micrograms/kg), fenoterol hydrobromide (40 micrograms/kg), and terbutaline hemisulfate (0.4 mg/kg) were given in single sc doses separately and concurrently with the methylxanthines aminophylline hydrate (20 mg/kg) and caffeine (40 mg/kg), which were given up to a susceptible animal model, the heavy Sprague-Dawley rat. beta-agonist-induced myocardial toxicity (necrosis) was observed. The toxicity was enhanced by aminophylline resulting in the sudden death (most likely due to ventricular fibrillation) of some animals. A decrease in serum iron levels was observed in rats of all beta-agonist and/or methylxanthine-treated groups. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Whitehurst, V E AU - Joseph, X AU - Alleva, F R AU - Vick, J A AU - Whittaker, P AU - Zhang, J AU - Fry, B E AU - Balazs, T AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204. PY - 1994 SP - 72 EP - 76 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Xanthines KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Prednisone KW - VB0R961HZT KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- toxicity KW - Iron -- blood KW - Necrosis -- pathology KW - Death, Sudden, Cardiac -- pathology KW - Prednisone -- toxicity KW - Rats KW - Xanthines -- toxicity KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Male KW - Asthma -- drug therapy KW - Cardiomyopathies -- pathology KW - Cardiomyopathies -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76684064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+acute+myocardial+lesions+by+asthma+drugs+in+rats.&rft.au=Whitehurst%2C+V+E%3BJoseph%2C+X%3BAlleva%2C+F+R%3BVick%2C+J+A%3BWhittaker%2C+P%3BZhang%2C+J%3BFry%2C+B+E%3BBalazs%2C+T&rft.aulast=Whitehurst&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-26 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antitransforming activity of chlorophyllin against selected carcinogens and complex mixtures. AN - 76673218; 8066549 AB - Chlorophyllin, a derivative of chlorophyll, is known to be an antimutagenic agent. Studies were performed to determine whether chlorophyllin can also inhibit morphological transformation of BALB/3T3 cells induced by carcinogens and complex mixtures. Chlorophyllin was added to the cultures simultaneously with carcinogens or complex mixtures while the transformation assay was conducted. At concentrations that did not significantly affect cell growth, chlorophyllin was found to inhibit morphological transformation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 3-methylcholanthrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, aflatoxin B1, and extracts of coal dust, tobacco snuff, and chewing tobacco. In all cases, the mean number of transformed foci per flask treated with chlorophyllin was significantly lower than that of untreated cultures. The reduction in the number of transformed foci was dependent on the concentration of chlorophyllin tested. These results indicate that chlorophyllin is an antitransforming agent. JF - Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis AU - Wu, Z L AU - Chen, J K AU - Ong, T AU - Brockman, H E AU - Whong, W Z AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 75 EP - 81 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Antimutagenic Agents KW - Chlorophyllides KW - chlorophyllin KW - 1D276TYV9O KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Chlorophyllides -- pharmacology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76673218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Antitransforming+activity+of+chlorophyllin+against+selected+carcinogens+and+complex+mixtures.&rft.au=Wu%2C+Z+L%3BChen%2C+J+K%3BOng%2C+T%3BBrockman%2C+H+E%3BWhong%2C+W+Z&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiologic research on the etiology of injuries at work. AN - 76634991; 8054082 JF - Annual review of public health AU - Veazie, M A AU - Landen, D D AU - Bender, T R AU - Amandus, H E AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 203 EP - 221 VL - 15 SN - 0163-7525, 0163-7525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Forecasting KW - Research KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Research Design KW - Recurrence KW - Injury Severity Score KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76634991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+review+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Epidemiologic+research+on+the+etiology+of+injuries+at+work.&rft.au=Veazie%2C+M+A%3BLanden%2C+D+D%3BBender%2C+T+R%3BAmandus%2C+H+E&rft.aulast=Veazie&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+review+of+public+health&rft.issn=01637525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The protective but nonsynergistic effect of dietary beta-carotene and vitamin E on skin tumorigenesis in Skh mice. AN - 76483476; 8183718 AB - Various epidemiological and experimental studies have indicated that beta-carotene and vitamin E protect against a variety of cancers. This investigation determined whether a synergistic protective effect could be observed against chemically induced skin tumorigenesis in Skh mice by combining these two antioxidants in the diet. Forty-five mice were used in each of four diet groups. Control animals were fed standard mouse chow. Three other groups received the chow supplemented with one of the following: 0.5% beta-carotene, 0.12% vitamin E (added as d-alpha-tocopheryl succinate), or 0.5% beta-carotene + 0.12% vitamin E. Mice were topically treated with a single application of the initiator 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and promoted with multiple applications of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Mice were observed for tumors each week for 27 weeks after initiation. The protective effect of each diet was determined by the decrease in the number of skin tumors in supplemented diet groups compared with that of the control diet group. Decreases in the number of cumulative tumors at Week 27 were 32% for beta-carotene-, 25% for vitamin E-, and 21% for beta-carotene+vitamin E-supplemented diet groups. However, differences in the number of tumors among the three groups supplemented with beta-carotene and/or vitamin E were not statistically significant. Thus, although protection was provided by the individual supplements, there was no synergistic effect for a decrease in the number of chemically induced skin tumors by the simultaneous dietary administration of beta-carotene and vitamin E. JF - Nutrition and cancer AU - Lambert, L A AU - Wamer, W G AU - Wei, R R AU - Lavu, S AU - Chirtel, S J AU - Kornhauser, A AD - Cosmetics Toxicology Branch, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0163-5581, 0163-5581 KW - Trace Elements KW - 0 KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Carotenoids KW - 36-88-4 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Prospective Studies KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Mice, Hairless KW - Trace Elements -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Skin Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Food, Fortified KW - Vitamin E -- metabolism KW - Vitamin E -- pharmacology KW - Skin Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Carotenoids -- pharmacology KW - Carotenoids -- metabolism KW - Skin Neoplasms -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76483476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+and+cancer&rft.atitle=The+protective+but+nonsynergistic+effect+of+dietary+beta-carotene+and+vitamin+E+on+skin+tumorigenesis+in+Skh+mice.&rft.au=Lambert%2C+L+A%3BWamer%2C+W+G%3BWei%2C+R+R%3BLavu%2C+S%3BChirtel%2C+S+J%3BKornhauser%2C+A&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+and+cancer&rft.issn=01635581&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions in developmental toxicology: a literature review and terminology proposal. AN - 76475749; 8171395 AB - Developmental toxicologists have investigated the interactive effects from concurrent exposures to a variety of chemical and physical agents, including therapeutic drugs, industrial agents, and some biological organisms or their toxins. Of approximately 160 reports of concurrent exposures reviewed in this paper, about one third report no interactive effects (including additive effects--usually referring to response--as opposed to dose-additivity); another one third report antagonistic effects, and the final third report potentiative or synergistic effects. The quality of the studies is highly variable. Frequently, only small numbers of animals were included, and very few dose levels were evaluated. Maternal toxicity was rarely discussed. Time-effect relationships were examined infrequently. In addition, these studies are also inconsistent in the use of terms to describe interactive effects, and more than 90% of the terms were not in harmony with currently accepted definitions in toxicology. Because interaction studies will continue to be important in the future, this paper proposes uniform usage of terms for additivity and interactions in developmental toxicology: additivity (the combined effect of two or more developmental toxicants approximates the sum of the effects of the agents administered separately); antagonism (the combined effect of two or more agents, one or more of which are present at doses that would be developmentally toxic if given individually, is significantly less than the sum of the effects of the agents administered separately); potentiation (the increased effect of a developmental toxicant by concurrent action of another agent at a dose that is not developmentally toxic); synergism (the combined effect of two or more developmental toxicants is significantly greater than the sum of the effects of each agent administered alone); and, interaction if more precise terminology does not apply. JF - Teratology AU - Nelson, B K AD - Centers of Disease Control, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 33 EP - 71 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Terminology as Topic KW - Teratogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76475749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Interactions+in+developmental+toxicology%3A+a+literature+review+and+terminology+proposal.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Teratology. 1994 Aug;50(2):99 [7801307] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved method for purification of viral RNA from fecal specimens for rotavirus detection. AN - 76468476; 8175943 AB - An improved procedure to recover and purify double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from fecal specimens is described. Guanidine isothiocyanate, hydroxyapatite, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide were used to extract and purify rotavirus dsRNA from fecal specimens. The method is very efficient and easy to perform, and precludes the use of toxic substances such as phenol, chloroform, and Freon. It yields RNA free of enzymatic inhibitors, permitting its detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. In addition, it was demonstrated that during initial clarification of the fecal suspension, the pellet must be washed at least twice to avoid massive losses of virus, viral protein, or viral nucleic acid retained in the solid debris. JF - Journal of virological methods AU - Santos, N AU - Gouvea, V AD - Division of Molecular Biological Research and Evaluation, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 11 EP - 21 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Cetrimonium Compounds KW - 0 KW - Guanidines KW - Isothiocyanates KW - RNA, Double-Stranded KW - RNA, Viral KW - guanidine isothiocyanate KW - Durapatite KW - 91D9GV0Z28 KW - cetrimonium KW - Z7FF1XKL7A KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Humans KW - Specimen Handling KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Chemical Precipitation KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - RNA, Double-Stranded -- isolation & purification KW - Rotavirus -- isolation & purification KW - Rotavirus Infections -- diagnosis KW - Rotavirus Infections -- microbiology KW - Diarrhea -- microbiology KW - RNA, Viral -- isolation & purification KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Diarrhea -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76468476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virological+methods&rft.atitle=Improved+method+for+purification+of+viral+RNA+from+fecal+specimens+for+rotavirus+detection.&rft.au=Santos%2C+N%3BGouvea%2C+V&rft.aulast=Santos&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virological+methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of beam-hardening and K-edge filters for imaging barium and iodine during fluoroscopy. AN - 76462103; 8164575 AB - This study investigated the dose reduction performance of several beam-hardening and K-edge filter materials for the imaging of barium or iodine during fluoroscopy. A computer model was developed to simulate the effect of added filtration on entrance exposure rate (Xp), integral dose rate (Di), contrast (C), signal to noise ratio (SNR), imaging performance per dose (SNR2/Di), and tube load. The model incorporated the response characteristics, in both manual and automatic control modes of operation, of fluoroscopic systems to increasing or decreasing x-ray intensity at the input of the image intensifier. Input parameters to the computer model included choice of filter material and thickness, a barium or iodine test object, tube potential, phantom thickness, a CsI input phosphor, and a set of algorithms for controlling the fluoroscopic system. In all cases, the performance of systems with added filtration was judged with respect to a reference system operating under comparable conditions. In general, either beam-hardening or K-edge filters provided a significant reduction in entrance exposure and integral dose rates, but with an attendant increase in tube load. For a fluoroscopic system constrained to follow a representative automatic brightness control algorithm, added filtration provided a reduction in entrance exposure and integral dose rates for all phantom or uniformly distributed barium thickness. However, the imaging performance per dose, in some cases, decreased rapidly and was less than that of the reference system at large thicknesses. Only as change in the algorithm controlling the kVcp and mA operating points on the fluoroscopic system provided an imaging performance per dose greater than the reference system's at large thicknesses. The practical implementation of adding filtration to fluoroscopic systems is most simply accomplished with beam-hardening filters rather than K-edge filters. However, the systems with K-edge added filtration can provide slightly better performance when used over a limited range of phantom thicknesses such as the range normally associated with pediatric patients. JF - Medical physics AU - Gagne, R M AU - Quinn, P W AU - Jennings, R J AD - Office of Science and Technology, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 107 EP - 121 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0094-2405, 0094-2405 KW - Barium KW - 24GP945V5T KW - Iodine KW - 9679TC07X4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Models, Structural KW - Computer Simulation KW - Humans KW - Filtration -- instrumentation KW - Algorithms KW - Biophysical Phenomena KW - Biophysics KW - Fluoroscopy -- instrumentation KW - Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76462103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+physics&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+beam-hardening+and+K-edge+filters+for+imaging+barium+and+iodine+during+fluoroscopy.&rft.au=Gagne%2C+R+M%3BQuinn%2C+P+W%3BJennings%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Gagne&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+physics&rft.issn=00942405&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-26 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-16 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategies for the simultaneous collection of vapours and aerosols with emphasis on isocyanate sampling. AN - 76429272; 8154600 AB - Workplace air frequently contains hazardous substances that may be present as vapours or as aerosols with a wide range of particle sizes. Depending upon a chemical species' volatility and use, it may be present in significant amounts in both the vapour and particulate phases. Unfortunately, the mechanisms by which vapours and particles are removed from an air stream during pumped sampling are substantially different. Collection of vapour molecules relies on their diffusion to a surface during their residence time in a sampler. Once in contact with a surface, vapour molecules are trapped either by adsorption onto a solid surface, absorption by a liquid, or by reaction with the medium or chemicals in the medium. Aerosol particles are most frequently collected by filtration or inertial impaction. However, if it is necessary to collect both phases simultaneously, a sampler with two stages is generally required. The exact nature of the sampler depends upon the size of the aerosol particles and the physical and chemical characteristics of the species of interest. A number of recent projects undertaken by researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health have dealt with development of sampling and analytical methods for compounds present in workplace air as both vapour and aerosol particles. One strategy invoked in several instances consisted of a filter for particle collection followed by an appropriate second stage for vapour collection. For organophosphorus pesticides, the second stage was a sorbent tube. For gaseous hydrogen fluoride, it was an alkaline-impregnated back-up pad. For formaldehyde, the second stage was an impinger containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogensulfite.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - The Analyst AU - Streicher, R P AU - Kennedy, E R AU - Lorberau, C D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 89 EP - 97 VL - 119 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2654, 0003-2654 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Gases KW - Isocyanates KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Humans KW - Aerosols -- analysis KW - Isocyanates -- analysis KW - Gases -- analysis KW - Air -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76429272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Analyst&rft.atitle=Strategies+for+the+simultaneous+collection+of+vapours+and+aerosols+with+emphasis+on+isocyanate+sampling.&rft.au=Streicher%2C+R+P%3BKennedy%2C+E+R%3BLorberau%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Streicher&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Analyst&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct-reading instruments for aerosols. A review. AN - 76429230; 8154598 AB - Direct-reading instruments for aerosols have not had the popularity within the industrial hygiene community that similar instruments for gases and vapours have enjoyed. There are several reasons for this: aerosols have complex properties that are difficult to characterize with a single measurement, commercial instruments often do not provide an accurate measure of a useful aerosol property and aerosol instruments are relatively expensive for industrial hygiene use. A variety of instruments are commercially available and are briefly reviewed. Two general classes of instruments used for industrial hygiene measurements are covered: field instruments and research instruments. The International Symposium on Air Sampling Instrument Performance held in Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, in October, 1991 included a workshop on direct-reading aerosol instruments that produced several recommendations to advance the state of the art. The two primary recommendations approved by the symposium attendees were to develop voluntary consensus standards for aerosol mass measuring instruments and optical particle counters and to develop an accurate, portable, direct-reading aerosol mass monitor. Some progress is being made on the latter recommendation through a project supported by the US Bureau of Mines. Other instruments have found specific application in industrial hygiene measurements. A miniaturized condensation nucleus counter is being used to estimate fit factors for respirators. A fibre monitor is used for monitoring asbestos, especially in asbestos abatement operations. Optical particle counters are used for low-concentration aerosols, especially in clean rooms. Aerosol research instruments are being used to evaluate and improve field instrumentation, such as respirable, thoracic and inhalable samplers and cascade impactors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - The Analyst AU - Baron, P A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 35 EP - 40 VL - 119 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2654, 0003-2654 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76429230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Analyst&rft.atitle=Direct-reading+instruments+for+aerosols.+A+review.&rft.au=Baron%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Analyst&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetics of 13-cis-, all-trans-, 13-cis-4-oxo-, and all-trans-4-oxo retinoic acid after intravenous administration in the cynomolgus monkey. AN - 76426092; 8149876 AB - The intravenous pharmacokinetics of 13-cis-, all-trans-, 13-cis-4-oxo, and all-trans-4-oxo retinoic acid (RA) were determined in nonpregnant female cynomolgus monkeys. All-trans- and 13-cis-RA were injected at two doses (0.25 or 0.0125 mg/kg) and all-trans-4-oxo RA and 13-cis-4-oxo RA at 0.25 mg/kg. Total body clearance, volume of distribution, and volume of distribution at steady state of all-trans-RA were dose-dependent with greater values at the lower dose. Elimination half-life was longer for the cis-compounds and not dose-dependent (N = 1 for 13-cis-4-oxo RA, N = 3 for other compounds, harmonic mean +/- pseudostandard deviation, min): 13-cis-4-oxo RA (837) > or = 13-cis-RA (301 +/- 204) > all-trans-RA (38 +/- 3) > all-trans-4-oxo RA (11 +/- 2). Secondary plasma peaks were noted only after administration of 13-cis-4-oxo RA. The low area under the time concentration curves for observable metabolites after intravenous injection of the oxidated compounds suggests further metabolism plays a minimal role in the elimination of these compounds from the monkey. Plasma-time concentration curves were fitted to multicompartmental models and suggested < 30% of each compound was available in the central compartment for elimination in the postdistribution phase. A comparison of the kinetics of the isomers indicated oxidation of all-trans-RA to all-trans-4-oxo RA increased mean total body clearance values 4-fold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals AU - Sandberg, J A AU - Eckhoff, C AU - Nau, H AU - Slikker, W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. PY - 1994 SP - 154 EP - 160 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - Tretinoin KW - 5688UTC01R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Macaca fascicularis KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Tretinoin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Tretinoin -- blood KW - Tretinoin -- administration & dosage KW - Tretinoin -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76426092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetics+of+13-cis-%2C+all-trans-%2C+13-cis-4-oxo-%2C+and+all-trans-4-oxo+retinoic+acid+after+intravenous+administration+in+the+cynomolgus+monkey.&rft.au=Sandberg%2C+J+A%3BEckhoff%2C+C%3BNau%2C+H%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Sandberg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutant alleles of tRNA(Thr) genes suppress the hisG46 missense mutation in Salmonella typhimurium. AN - 76421277; 8143705 AB - Extragenic suppressors of the hisG46 missense mutation were mapped to the 71 and 88 min regions of the Salmonella typhimurium chromosome, positions that in Escherichia coli contain the thrV (tRNA(Thr1)) and thrT (tRNA(Thr3)) genes, respectively. The suppressor loci were identified as mutant alleles of thrV and thrT, using allele-specific colony hybridization. An oligomer, based on the conserved 5' sequence of the thrT and thrV genes in E. coli and designed to contain the putative mutant anticodon, discriminated between suppressor-containing and wild-type strains. Similarly, probes specific for the thrV[SuGGG] and thrT[SuGGG] were used to differentiate the two suppressors. To date, all extragenic suppressors of hisG46 have been identified as either thrV[SuGGG] or thrT[SuGGG]. A near equal distribution of thrV[SuGGG] and thrT[SuGGG] suppressors was found among 29 spontaneous and 43 mutagen-induced hisG46 extragenic suppressor revertants. It was concluded, therefore, that mutant alleles of thrV and thrT are predominantly, if not solely, responsible for intergenic suppression of the hisG46 mutation. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Kupchella, E AU - Koch, W H AU - Cebula, T A AD - Molecular Biology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 81 EP - 88 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Anticodon KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - RNA, Transfer, Thr KW - Histidine KW - 4QD397987E KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Base Sequence KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Alleles KW - Conserved Sequence KW - Transduction, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Plasmids KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- metabolism KW - RNA, Transfer, Thr -- genetics KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Genes, Suppressor KW - Histidine -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76421277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Mutant+alleles+of+tRNA%28Thr%29+genes+suppress+the+hisG46+missense+mutation+in+Salmonella+typhimurium.&rft.au=Kupchella%2C+E%3BKoch%2C+W+H%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Kupchella&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food and animal sources of human Campylobacter jejuni infection. AN - 76392985; 8125823 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Altekruse, S F AU - Hunt, J M AU - Tollefson, L K AU - Madden, J M AD - Epidemiology Branch, FDA, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 57 EP - 61 VL - 204 IS - 1 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Humans KW - Cats KW - Dogs KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Birds KW - Animals, Wild KW - Zoonoses KW - Food Microbiology KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Campylobacter Infections -- epidemiology KW - Disease Reservoirs KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - Campylobacter Infections -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76392985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Food+and+animal+sources+of+human+Campylobacter+jejuni+infection.&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S+F%3BHunt%2C+J+M%3BTollefson%2C+L+K%3BMadden%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=204&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of exercise and intersubject variability on dose estimates for dichloromethane derived from a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. AN - 76381159; 8125209 AB - Andersen et al. and Reitz et al. have developed physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for the human metabolism of methylene chloride (dichloromethane; DCM) and have advanced the hypothesis that the carcinogenicity of DCM is related to target organ metabolism of DCM by glutathione S-transferase (GST). The models included physiological parameters appropriate for humans at rest and metabolic parameters based on average rates of DCM metabolism. Increasing the model parameters describing cardiac output, alveolar ventilation, and blood flows to tissues from resting values to values consistent with light work conditions, and assuming a 25 ppm exposure for an 8-hr work day, increases the estimated GST-metabolized dose for human liver by a factor of 2.9 compared to the GST-metabolized does estimated of Reitz et al. These modifications also increase the GST-metabolized dose to the lung by 2.4-fold. If the model is also modified to reflect individual variation in DCM metabolism (in addition to the modifications for light work conditions), the estimated GST-metabolized dose for human liver ranges from 0 to as much as 5.4-fold greater than the dose estimated by Reitz et al. The GST-metabolized dose to the lung ranges from 0 to as much as 3.6-fold greater than the dose estimated by Reitz et al. These results indicate that some occupationally-exposed individuals may receive GST-metabolized doses several-fold greater than the Reitz et al. human dose estimates. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Dankovic, D A AU - Bailer, A J AD - Risk Assessment Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 20 EP - 25 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Index Medicus KW - Adipose Tissue -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Models, Biological KW - Exercise -- physiology KW - Methylene Chloride -- pharmacokinetics KW - Methylene Chloride -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76381159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+exercise+and+intersubject+variability+on+dose+estimates+for+dichloromethane+derived+from+a+physiologically+based+pharmacokinetic+model.&rft.au=Dankovic%2C+D+A%3BBailer%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Dankovic&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance of hazardous substance releases and related health effects. AN - 76375571; 8117146 AB - The public health consequences of hazardous substance releases have not been characterized adequately. In response, therefore, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry implemented an active, state-based surveillance system. Information is collected with respect to the events, chemicals, victims, injuries, and evacuations. Five states reported 1,249 events during 1990 and 1991. Seventy-two percent of the events occurred at fixed facilities, and 28% of the events were transportation related. In 80% of the events, one chemical was released. The most frequently released chemicals were herbicides, acids, volatile organic compounds, and ammonias. In 204 events, 846 persons were injured and 7 died. Employees were injured more frequently than first responders or the general public. The most frequently reported injuries were respiratory irritation and eye irritation. Evacuations occurred in 14% of the events. These results provide information for preparedness planning and training of first responders and employees. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Hall, H I AU - Dhara, V R AU - Kaye, W E AU - Price-Green, P AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia. PY - 1994 SP - 45 EP - 48 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Computer Systems KW - Transportation KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Emergencies KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hazardous Substances -- classification KW - Hazardous Substances -- poisoning KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76375571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Surveillance+of+hazardous+substance+releases+and+related+health+effects.&rft.au=Hall%2C+H+I%3BDhara%2C+V+R%3BKaye%2C+W+E%3BPrice-Green%2C+P&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-29 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introducing MEDWatch. A new approach to reporting medication and device adverse effects and product problems. AN - 76341684; 8295131 JF - Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association AU - Kessler, D A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 35 EP - 38 VL - 84 IS - 1 SN - 8750-7315, 8750-7315 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76341684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Podiatric+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Introducing+MEDWatch.+A+new+approach+to+reporting+medication+and+device+adverse+effects+and+product+problems.&rft.au=Kessler%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Podiatric+Medical+Association&rft.issn=87507315&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 differentiates several classes of carcinogens and mutagens by base substitution specificity. AN - 76337690; 8293552 AB - The mutational specificity of N-methylnitrosourea (MNU), nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), sodium azide (NaN3), 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4NQO), benzo[a]pyrene (BP), nitrofurantoin (NF), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), adriamycin (ADM) and UVA-activated angelicin in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 has been examined using allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization and DNA sequence analyses. These ten mutagens produced five unique classes of reversion spectra, distinct from spontaneous, or the previously characterized 5-azacytidine, ultraviolet light (UV), 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA (PUVA) and 60Co-induced mutation spectra. For example, 90% of MNU and MNNG-induced mutations in strain TA100 revertants were G:C-->A:T transitions with the majority (82%) occurring in the first position of the CCC codon. In contrast, NaN3 preferentially induced G:C-->A:T transitions at the second codon position (78%). Although MMS, NQO, BP, NF, ADM and AFB1 induced primarily G:C-->T:A transversions (73-86%), these mutagens fall into two classes based on site preference: NF and AFB1 yielded almost exclusively position two transversions (69-78%) whereas ADM, NQO, BP and MMS exhibited a two-fold preference for site 2 over site 1 (on average 52% versus 22%). Angelicin photomutagenesis resulted in the recovery of G:C-->A:T and G:C-->T:A mutations at both codon positions in roughly equal proportions (approximately 20-25% each). Approximately 1% of the mutagen-induced revertants occurred via extragenic tRNA suppressor mutations, while 1% were multiple (usually tandem double) base substitutions. Ultraviolet mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that tandem base substitutions are promoted by pKM101-encoded mucAB gene products. A comparison of the mutagenic specificity derived for several carcinogens in hisG46 with the responses of several eukaryotic gene targets (e.g. HPRT, aprt, supF) revealed a high concordance between these targets. Thus, the Salmonella hisG46 locus provides a rapid, simple system for determining base substitution specificity and for studying mechanisms of mutagenesis. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Koch, W H AU - Henrikson, E N AU - Kupchella, E AU - Cebula, T A AD - Molecular Biology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 79 EP - 88 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - hisG46 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Mutagens KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Base Sequence KW - Alleles KW - Base Composition KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Nucleic Acid Hybridization KW - DNA, Bacterial -- drug effects KW - Mutation -- physiology KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutation -- genetics KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76337690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Salmonella+typhimurium+strain+TA100+differentiates+several+classes+of+carcinogens+and+mutagens+by+base+substitution+specificity.&rft.au=Koch%2C+W+H%3BHenrikson%2C+E+N%3BKupchella%2C+E%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - hisG46 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Case Study in Avoiding a Deadly Legacy in Developing Countries AN - 760216089; 13641595 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Lemen, Richard A AU - Bingham, Eula AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - Jan 1994 SP - 59 EP - 87 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 10 IS - 1-2 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Developing countries KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760216089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=A+Case+Study+in+Avoiding+a+Deadly+Legacy+in+Developing+Countries&rft.au=Lemen%2C+Richard+A%3BBingham%2C+Eula&rft.aulast=Lemen&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379401000105 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 201 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Developing countries DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379401000105 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Rural Issues in Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Treatment: Award for Excellence Papers. Technical Assistance Publication Series No. 10. AN - 62633029; ED389507 AB - This document consists of papers that received recognition in a competition sponsored by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and the National Rural Institute on Alcohol and Drug Abuse. The competition sought to focus attention on problems in providing treatment and prevention services for drug and alcohol problems in rural areas. The papers address a wide array of issues and populations, from schoolchildren to alcohol-dependent adults to criminal offenders. The introductory paper entitled, "Bringing Excellence to Rural and Frontier America: Advocacy for Substance Abuse Services in the 1990s" (Susan L. Becker) suggests what local and state programs can do to help overcome the barriers that interfere with gaining support from policymakers. The first- and second-place award papers are respectively entitled "Adult and Adolescent Community Correctional Services Program" (William S. Tanner) and "The Upper Peninsula Teen Leadership Program: Marquette-Alger Intermediate School District" (Dee Lindenberger). Third-place award papers include: (1) "You Can't Get There from Here: The Choice/Skyward Experience" (Rachel Cyr Henderson, Susan F. Long); (2) "School Teacher's Role in a School-Community Alcohol Intervention Program" (Ian M. Newman and others); (3) "Challenges in Rurally Based Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment Services" (James A. Armstrong); (4) "Issues in Providing Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services in Rural/Frontier Counties of California" (Kenneth R. Fleming); (5) "Building Community-Based Abuse Prevention Coalitions" (Jim Meek); (6) "Cultural Diversity As a Positive Force in the Treatment of Native American Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse" (Anne Muldoon); (7) "Transitional Recovery" (Larry R. Seybold); and (8) "Project TEA: Iowa State Penitentiary Substance Abuse Program" (Robert E. Schneider and others). (LP) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 71 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Outreach Programs KW - Substance Abuse KW - Rural Education KW - Delivery Systems KW - Intervention KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Youth Programs KW - Rural Areas KW - Correctional Education KW - School Community Programs KW - Prevention KW - Policy Formation KW - Drug Education KW - Alcohol Education KW - Community Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62633029?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Publication also sponsored by the National Rural I N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Comprehensive Health Care Program for American Indians & Alaska Natives. AN - 62496253; ED414114 AB - This booklet summarizes programs of the Indian Health Service (IHS). The IHS was created in 1954 as part of the Public Health Service when responsibility for American Indian and Alaska Native health care was transferred from the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Indian Affairs to the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The goal of the IHS is to raise the health status of American Indians and Alaska Natives to the highest possible level. Since 1955 the average life expectancy for American Indians and Alaska Natives has risen 19%; mortality rate among Indians with tuberculosis has decreased 96%; and infant mortality rates have decreased 85%. These improved health numbers are the result of stronger central program supervision, more qualified staff, and an accelerated public health program, including establishment of public health clinics on all reservations. The booklet describes the following IHS programs: (1) health care programs (preventive health services, emergency medical services, environmental health and engineering services, pharmacy services, contract health services, health education program, community-based programs, alcoholism and substance abuse program, school-based programs, diabetes program, nutrition program, mental health program, community health representative program, dental program, laboratory program); (2) special health concerns and initiatives (AIDS, maternal and child health, otitis media, nursing, aging, health care database management system, physician services); (3) IHS career opportunities and training programs (IHS manpower program, advanced professional and specialty training, Commissioned Officer Student Training and Extern Program); and (4) paraprofessional training (community health aide training, mental health worker training, nutrition and dietetics training, optometric assistant training, dental assistant training). The 12 Area Offices of the IHS health care delivery system are also described. Includes photographs and a national map of IHS health facilities. (TSP) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 55 KW - Indian Health Service KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Health Programs KW - American Indian Reservations KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Delivery Systems KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Health Education KW - American Indians KW - Medical Education KW - Health Occupations KW - Tribes KW - Health Services KW - Allied Health Occupations Education KW - Public Health KW - Special Health Problems KW - Technical Education KW - Federal Indian Relationship KW - Alaska Natives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62496253?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Photographs may not reproduce adequately. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Organization and Availability of HIV-Related Services in Baltimore, Maryland and Oakland, California AN - 61605760; 199602378 AB - Mailed questionnaires & interview data collected in 1992 from health care organizations & acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) service organizations in Baltimore, MD, & Oakland, CA (N = 62 & 45, respectively) are used to assess: organization data; barriers to access; & satisfaction with service delivery, referral resources, & financial resources. Although the magnitude of the AIDS epidemic was similar in the 2 cities, 74% of the Oakland cases were homosexual or bisexual males & 63% were white; in Baltimore, proportions were 47% & 30%. Private, nonprofit, community-based organizations were more common in Oakland & hospital-affiliated providers were more common in Baltimore. The 2 cities had a common set of core functions, but they were proportioned differently, More than 50% of the respondents expressed little satisfaction with case management referral resources & indicated that special needs of children, women, & families were not being met. 5 Tables, 2 Figures. V. Wagener JF - AIDS & Public Policy Journal AU - Marconi, Katherine AU - Rundall, Thomas AU - Gentry, Daniel AU - Kwait, Jennafer AU - Celentano, David AU - Stolley, Paul AD - US Public Health Service, 5600 Fishers Ln Rockville MD 20857-0001 Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 173 EP - 181 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0087-3852, 0087-3852 KW - acquired immune deficiency syndrome health care service organizations, Baltimore, Maryland vs Oakland, California KW - questionnaire, survey KW - California KW - Health Services KW - Baltimore, Maryland KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Delivery Systems KW - Social Services KW - article KW - 6126: social welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61605760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%26+Public+Policy+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Organization+and+Availability+of+HIV-Related+Services+in+Baltimore%2C+Maryland+and+Oakland%2C+California&rft.au=Marconi%2C+Katherine%3BRundall%2C+Thomas%3BGentry%2C+Daniel%3BKwait%2C+Jennafer%3BCelentano%2C+David%3BStolley%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Marconi&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%26+Public+Policy+Journal&rft.issn=00873852&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Health Services; Social Services; Delivery Systems; Baltimore, Maryland; California ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Mental health, United States, 1994 T2 - Dept. of Health and Human Services. DHHS pubn. no. (SMA)94-3000 AN - 59686711; 1995-0304120 AB - Statistical information on the mental health delivery system. Topics include reform and financing of mental health services, characteristics of persons using specialty inpatient, outpatient, and partial care programs, vocational rehabilitation, private psychiatric hospitals, and other issues. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. viii+192 pp. AU - Manderscheid, Ronald W AU - Sonnenschein, Mary Anne Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - viii+192 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016045378X KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Mental institutions -- United States -- Statistics KW - Social service, Psychiatric -- United States KW - Mentally ill -- Rehabilitation KW - Mentally ill -- United States -- Statistics KW - Mental health services -- United States KW - Mental illness -- United States -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59686711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Manderscheid%2C+Ronald+W%3BSonnenschein%2C+Mary+Anne&rft.aulast=Manderscheid&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=viii%2B192&rft.isbn=016045378X&rft.btitle=Mental+health%2C+United+States%2C+1994&rft.title=Mental+health%2C+United+States%2C+1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-045378-X) pa U.S. $13; elsewhere $16.25 N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - SuppNotes - 6th ed. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Betimleyici Model Açısından Bir İnceleme: İnce Memed ve Çevirileri; Memed Le Mince, Memed My Hawk AN - 54294278; 2001970399 JF - Çeviribilim ve Uygulamaları Dergisi/Journal of Translation Studies/Revue de Traduction et d'Interprétation AU - Barda, Zuhal PY - 1994 SP - 79 EP - 94 SN - 1301-4145, 1301-4145 KW - Turkish literature KW - 1900-1999 KW - Yaşar Kemal (1922-2015) KW - İnce Memed (1955) KW - novel KW - English language translation KW - French language translation KW - translation equivalence KW - Yasher Kemal KW - Kemal, Yachar KW - Gogceli, Yaşar Kemal KW - Yashar Kemal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/54294278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amlaib&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%87eviribilim+ve+Uygulamalar%C4%B1+Dergisi%2FJournal+of+Translation+Studies%2FRevue+de+Traduction+et+d%27Interpr%C3%A9tation&rft.atitle=Betimleyici+Model+A%C3%A7%C4%B1s%C4%B1ndan+Bir+%C4%B0nceleme%3A+%C4%B0nce+Memed+ve+%C3%87evirileri%3B+Memed+Le+Mince%2C+Memed+My+Hawk&rft.au=Barda%2C+Zuhal&rft.aulast=Barda&rft.aufirst=Zuhal&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=%C3%87eviribilim+ve+Uygulamalar%C4%B1+Dergisi%2FJournal+of+Translation+Studies%2FRevue+de+Traduction+et+d%27Interpr%C3%A9tation&rft.issn=13014145&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Turkish DB - MLA International Bibliography N1 - Update - 200101 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-04 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Differential diagnosis of panic disorder and other psychiatric illnesses T2 - Katon, Wayne (ed.), Panic disorder in the medical setting T3 - NIH publication BT - ItemValueImpl ( label = Publication title value = [Katon, Wayne (ed.), Panic disorder in the medical setting] blockName = text mnemonic = pub mnemonicSearchType = ExactMatch template = null ) AN - 42390539; 05415 AB - PTSD is described in this chapter, which also briefly discusses how in cases precipitated by extreme trauma there may be an overlap of PTSD, panic disorder, major depression, and other psychiatric illness. [ALW] JF - Katon, Wayne (ed.), Panic disorder in the medical setting AU - Katon, Wayne J PY - 1994 SP - pp 39 EP - 50. PB - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental health KW - Differential Diagnosis KW - Drug Therapy KW - Nosology KW - Panic Disorder KW - PTSD (DSM-III-R) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42390539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PILOTS%3A+Published+International+Literature+On+Traumatic+Stress&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Differential+diagnosis+of+panic+disorder+and+other+psychiatric+illnesses&rft.au=Katon%2C+Wayne+J&rft.aulast=Katon&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=pp+39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Katon%2C+Wayne+%28ed.%29%2C+Panic+disorder+in+the+medical+setting&rft.title=Katon%2C+Wayne+%28ed.%29%2C+Panic+disorder+in+the+medical+setting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PILOTS: Published International Literature On Traumatic Stress N1 - Date revised - 2016-09-15 N1 - SuppNotes - Originally printed 1989. References appear on pp. 111-135. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical characterization of negative control data in the Ames Salmonella/microsome test. AN - 36354933; 201002-31-0247238 (CE); 11701579 (EN) AB - A statistical characterization of negative control data in the Ames Salmonella/microsome reverse mutation test was performed using data obtained at Takeda Analytical Research Laboratories during January 1989 to April 1990. The lot-to-lot variability of bacterial stock cultures and day-to-day variability of experiments were small for Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535 and TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA, but they were larger for S. typhimurium TA100. The number of revertant colonies for all test strains studied here followed Poisson distributions within the same day. The two-fold rule that is an empirical method to evaluate the Ames Salmonella/microsome test results has been widely used in Japan. This two-fold rule was evaluated statistically. The comparison-wise type I error rate was less than 0.05 for TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and WP2uvrA. Moreover, this rule is particularly conservative for TA100, for which the type I error rate was nearly 0. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hamada, C AU - Wada, T AU - Sakamoto, Y AD - System Management Department, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan. PY - 1994 SP - 115 EP - 119 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Bacteria KW - Salmonella KW - Strain KW - Errors KW - Raw materials KW - Culture KW - Escherichia coli KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36354933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Statistical+characterization+of+negative+control+data+in+the+Ames+Salmonella%2Fmicrosome+test.&rft.au=Hamada%2C+C%3BWada%2C+T%3BSakamoto%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Hamada&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans: literature review and health assessment. AN - 36345824; 201002-31-0247228 (CE); 11701569 (EN) AB - Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) and dibenzofurans (PBDFs) occur as trace (ppb) contaminants in brominated flame retardants and are produced during combustion of these chemicals. They are also formed when organics are incinerated in the presence of bromine, e.g., in municipal and industrial incinerators and in internal-combustion engines. Combustion of organics in the presence of both bromine and chlorine results in the formation of mixed (i.e., bromo, bromo/chloro and chloro) halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (HDDs and HDFs). There are 4600 potential mixed congeners. The biological effects of PBDDs and PBDFs are similar, if not identical, to those of PCDDs and PCDFs. Both groups of compounds induce hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) in rats and cause wasting and thymic atrophy in rats and guinea pigs. Tetrabrominated dinenzo-p-dioxin (TBDD) and dibenzofuran (TBDF) are reproductive toxins in mice and produce skin lesions in the rabbit-ear acnegenic test. The brominated compounds appear to bind to the same cytosolic receptors believed to mediate the toxicities of the chlorinated analogs. When compared on a molar-concentration basis, the brominated compounds are equipotent to the chlorinated analogs. TBDD is absorbed after oral, dermal, or intratracheal administration in rats, stored in the liver and adipose tissue, and eliminated in the feces through biliary excretion. The biological half-lives of the brominated compounds appear to be somewhat shorter than those of the corresponding chlorinated species. The brominated compounds, like their chlorinated congeners, have the potential to cause dermal, hepatic, and gastrointestinal toxicities in humans.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mennear, J H AU - Lee, C C AD - Campbell University, School of Pharmacy, Buies Creek, NC 27506. PY - 1994 SP - 265 EP - 274 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Bromination KW - Chlorination KW - Rats KW - Combustion KW - Toxicity KW - Bromine KW - Health KW - Congeners KW - Article KW - EE 60:Waste Management (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36345824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Polybrominated+dibenzo-p-dioxins+and+dibenzofurans%3A+literature+review+and+health+assessment.&rft.au=Mennear%2C+J+H%3BLee%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Mennear&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new model of shouldered survival curves. AN - 36343600; 201002-31-0247234 (CE); 11701575 (EN) AB - Recently, the linear-quadratic equation has been used to construct the dose-response relationships of ionizing radiation. The radiobiological theory on which this relationship is based indicates that at low doses, the risk of a biological lesion being formed should depend linearly on dose if a single event is required or quadratically on dose if two events are required. The same approach has also been used to construct the shouldered survival curves, which indicate a lower response of cell killing at low doses of low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation than at high doses because of repair. However, a different approach is possible, derived from the concept of generating the hybrid lognormal distribution, in which the hybrid form of linear and logarithmic components of a random variable is used. The hybrid form is a formulation of the phenomenon in which there is a feedback mechanism against the large change in the random variable. This paper presents a new model of shouldered survival curves, called a hybrid scale model, which has two parameters: the inactivation constant and the protective factor. In the model, the surviving fraction, normalized by a protective factor plotted in a hybrid scale, is assumed to be linear against the dose. This simple model provides an implication of the shoulder of survival curve and the effect of recovery time of radiation damage, as well as giving a good to the well-known data of split-dose experiments with mammalian cells. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kumazawa, S AD - Department of Health Physics, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Ibaraki-Ken. PY - 1994 SP - 131 EP - 133 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Survival KW - Protective KW - Construction KW - Random variables KW - Risk KW - Feedback KW - Biological KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36343600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+new+model+of+shouldered+survival+curves.&rft.au=Kumazawa%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kumazawa&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of molecular biomarkers in epidemiology. AN - 36342865; 201002-31-0247237 (CE); 11701578 (EN) AB - The principal conclusions and opportunities that can be drawn from this conference are as follows. The meeting demonstrated the large communication gap that still exists between most epidemiologists and laboratory scientists. This problem could be overcome if epidemiologists worked closely with laboratory scientists at the outset of any project so that a better understanding could be built between them. Epidemiologists need simple, well-characterized, reproducible assays that can be applied to hundreds or thousands of people. Most laboratory scientists have little interest in running large numbers of assays, but wish to continually refine their methods so that they stay on the "cutting edge" of basic research. This problem could be overcome if the new laboratory technology could be transferred to contract laboratories or small companies. Problems of technology transfer therefore need to be addressed. Current and new biomarkers need to be better validated in the field and by studying animal models. More information on the background expression of biomarkers in the general population is needed (i.e. what is the normal range?). Ethical issues, such as the possibility that biomarkers of susceptibility could be used to exclude people from the workplace, need to be addressed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Smith, M T AU - Suk, W A AD - Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. PY - 1994 SP - 229 EP - 235 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Epidemiology KW - Scientists KW - Assaying KW - Cutting KW - Ethical standards KW - Conferences KW - Contracts KW - Running KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36342865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Application+of+molecular+biomarkers+in+epidemiology.&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+T%3BSuk%2C+W+A&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple comparison among groups of growth curves. AN - 36342344; 201002-31-0247230 (CE); 11701571 (EN) AB - The problem of comparing a sequence of independent experiments divided into several groups with a control is discussed under the logistic growth-curve models. We propose a method for constructing multiple testing procedures using the closed testing procedures and the random-effect model for summarizing estimated values of parameters. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kamakura, T AU - Takizawa, T AD - Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan. PY - 1994 SP - 39 EP - 42 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Logistics KW - Health KW - Construction KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36342344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Multiple+comparison+among+groups+of+growth+curves.&rft.au=Kamakura%2C+T%3BTakizawa%2C+T&rft.aulast=Kamakura&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in human tissues from general populations: a selective review AN - 36322948; 201002-31-0247232 (CE); 11701573 (EN) AB - During the past decade a considerable amount of data has been generated concerning polychlorinated dibenzodioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) levels in humans from many geographical locations. To organize these data in a useful fashion for environmental purposes and for consideration of human toxicity, selected portions of our data are presented in a somewhat atypical fashion, by percentage contribution of individual congeners to total PCDD/Fs in human tissue, and to the total dioxin equivalents (TEq). This is done to better characterize congener contributions from environmental contamination in various geographical regions at this time and health-related levels. To present the findings in a global perspective, data from widely different locations are presented including the United States, Germany, Vietnam, the former Soviet Union, Thailand, Cambodia, China, South Africa, and Guam. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schecter, Arnold AU - Furst, Peter AU - Furst, Christiane AU - Papke, Olaf AU - Ball, Michael AU - Ryan, John J AU - Cau, Hoang Dinh AU - Dai, Le Cao AU - Quynh, Hoang Trong AU - Cuong, H Q AU - Phuong, Nguyen Thi Ngoc AU - Phiet, Pham Hoang AU - Beim, Albert AU - Constable, John AU - Startin, James AU - Samedy, My AU - Seng, Yit Kim PY - 1994 SP - 159 EP - 171 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Congeners KW - Human KW - Dioxins KW - Human tissues KW - Vietnam KW - Equivalence KW - Toxicity KW - Guam KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36322948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chlorinated+dioxins+and+dibenzofurans+in+human+tissues+from+general+populations%3A+a+selective+review&rft.au=Schecter%2C+Arnold%3BFurst%2C+Peter%3BFurst%2C+Christiane%3BPapke%2C+Olaf%3BBall%2C+Michael%3BRyan%2C+John+J%3BCau%2C+Hoang+Dinh%3BDai%2C+Le+Cao%3BQuynh%2C+Hoang+Trong%3BCuong%2C+H+Q%3BPhuong%2C+Nguyen+Thi+Ngoc%3BPhiet%2C+Pham+Hoang%3BBeim%2C+Albert%3BConstable%2C+John%3BStartin%2C+James%3BSamedy%2C+My%3BSeng%2C+Yit+Kim&rft.aulast=Schecter&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of hazardous wastes. AN - 36322108; 201002-31-0247236 (CE); 11701577 (EN) AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Aust, S D AU - Bourquin, A AU - Loper, J C AU - Salanitro, J P AU - Suk, W A AU - Tiedje, J AD - Biotechnology Center, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4705. PY - 1994 SP - 245 EP - 252 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Health KW - Biodegradation KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36322108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+hazardous+wastes.&rft.au=Aust%2C+S+D%3BBourquin%2C+A%3BLoper%2C+J+C%3BSalanitro%2C+J+P%3BSuk%2C+W+A%3BTiedje%2C+J&rft.aulast=Aust&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial mutagenicity of pyrolysis tars produced from chloro-organic fuels. AN - 36321068; 201002-31-0247229 (CE); 11701570 (EN) AB - Droplets of toluene and three chlorinated organics, ortho-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, and trichloroethylene, were pyrolyzed in pure nitrogen. The composition and bacterial mutagenicity of the product tars were measured. The presence of organic chlorine was found to affect both pyrolysis product tar composition and total tar mutagenicity. Pyrolysis in the absence of chlorine produced tars whose bacterial mutagenicity was found to be largely due to the presence of cyclopenta[cd]pyrene, fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene. Small amounts of chlorine in the fuel (i.e., Cl/H molar ratios of less than 0.3) enhanced the formation of highly condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (including cyclopenta[cd]pyrene) and increased tar mutagenicity. Larger amounts of organic chlorine (Cl/H ratios of between 0.3 and 0.6) resulted in significant yields of mono- and dichlorinated aromatics and higher levels of tar mutagenicity, which could not be accounted for by the presence of mutagens produced by pyrolysis in the absence of chlorine. Furthermore, unlike tars containing little or no chlorine, tars containing aryl chlorine were more mutagenic in the absence of added enzymes (intended to mimic in vivo mammalian metabolism) than in their presence. We hypothesize that at least one of the chlorinated aromatic products is strongly mutagenic. Two specific conditions that gave notably different results were a) the low-temperature (i.e., below 1400 K) pyrolysis of ortho-dichlorobenzene, which produced tri- and tetrachlorinated biphenyls almost exclusively; and b) the chlorine-rich pyrolysis of trichloroethylene, during which mostly perchloroaromatics were formed. Neither of these tars was found to mutate bacteria. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mulholland, J A AU - Sarofim, A F AU - Longwell, J P AU - Lafleur, A L AU - Thilly, W G AD - School of Civil Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332. PY - 1994 SP - 283 EP - 289 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Bacteria KW - Chlorine KW - Pyrolysis KW - Tars KW - Mutagenicity KW - Droplets KW - Trichloroethylene KW - Chlorination KW - Article KW - EE 70:Energy (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36321068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Bacterial+mutagenicity+of+pyrolysis+tars+produced+from+chloro-organic+fuels.&rft.au=Mulholland%2C+J+A%3BSarofim%2C+A+F%3BLongwell%2C+J+P%3BLafleur%2C+A+L%3BThilly%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Mulholland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of continuous- and discrete- time three-state models for rodent tumorigenicity experiments. AN - 36320016; 201002-31-0247233 (CE); 11701574 (EN) AB - The three-state illness-death model provides a useful way to characterize data from a rodent tumorigenicity experiment. Most parametrizations proposed recently in the literature assume discrete time for the death process and either discrete or continuous time for the tumor onset process. We compare these approaches with a third alternative that uses a piecewise continuous model on the hazards for tumor onset and death. All three models assume proportional hazards to characterize tumor lethality and the effect of dose on tumor onset and death rate. All of the models can easily be fitted using an Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. The piecewise continuous model is particularly appealing in this context because the complete data likelihood corresponds to a standard piecewise exponential model with tumor presence as a time-varying covariate. It can be shown analytically that differences between the parameter estimates given by each model are explained by varying assumptions about when tumor onsets, deaths, and sacrifices occur within intervals. The mixed-time model is seen to be an extension of the grouped data proportional hazards model [Mutat. Res. 24:267-278 (1981)]. We argue that the continuous-time model is preferable to the discrete- and mixed-time models because it gives reasonable estimates with relatively few intervals while still making full use of the available information. Data from the ED01 experiment illustrate the results. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lindsey, J C AU - Ryan, L M AD - Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115. PY - 1994 SP - 9 EP - 17 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Tumors KW - Death KW - Hazards KW - Rodents KW - Estimates KW - Intervals KW - Maximization KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36320016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+continuous-+and+discrete-+time+three-state+models+for+rodent+tumorigenicity+experiments.&rft.au=Lindsey%2C+J+C%3BRyan%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Lindsey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorinated organic contaminants in breast milk of New Zealand women. AN - 36318281; 201002-31-0247235 (CE); 11701576 (EN) AB - Breast milk samples from 38 women in New Zealand were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) as part of a World Health Organization collaborative study of breast-milk contaminants. The women were recruited from two urban areas (Auckland and Christchurch) and two rural areas (Northland and North Canterbury) in the North and South Islands of New Zealand. The best predictor of contaminant concentrations in breast milk was found to be the age of the mother. Regional differences were found for hexachlorobenzene, dieldrin, and pp-DDE, reflecting historical use patterns. Urban-rural differences were found for several PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs when contaminant concentrations were calculated on a whole-milk basis. However, these differences could be attributed to variation in breast-milk fat concentrations between urban and rural mothers. Urban mothers had about 50% more breast-milk fat than rural mothers. Evidence suggests that breast-milk consumption by babies is regulated by caloric intake. Almost all of the caloric content of milk is in the fat fraction. This suggests that breast-milk contaminant levels calculated on a whole-milk basis do not necessarily reflect the relative levels of exposure of infants to these contaminants. However, the factors that influence breast-milk fat concentration deserve further study. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bates, M N AU - Hannah, D J AU - Buckland, S J AU - Taucher, J A AU - van Maanen, T AD - Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley 94720. PY - 1994 SP - 211 EP - 217 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Contaminants KW - Milk KW - Breast KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Health KW - Rural KW - Urban areas KW - Rural areas KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36318281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chlorinated+organic+contaminants+in+breast+milk+of+New+Zealand+women.&rft.au=Bates%2C+M+N%3BHannah%2C+D+J%3BBuckland%2C+S+J%3BTaucher%2C+J+A%3Bvan+Maanen%2C+T&rft.aulast=Bates&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biostatistical analysis of the micronucleus mutagenicity assay based on the assumption of a mixing distribution. AN - 36298639; 201002-31-0247231 (CE); 11701572 (EN) AB - The in vivo micronucleus assay can be analyzed by comparing the number of micronuclei (MN) of several dose groups with those of a control group. In several publications, difficulties arose in estimating a suitable distribution for MN, even in the untreated historical control groups. Mitchell et al. described the presence of a subpopulation of more susceptible responders. Based on this assumption of such a subpopulation, score tests were used for the mixing distribution of responders and nonresponders (behavior same as in untreated control animals) within the dose groups. The power behavior of these tests was characterized with a simulation study. The advantage of score tests can be shown, even in the practical and important guideline case of only five animals per group. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hothorn, L AD - Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg. PY - 1994 SP - 121 EP - 125 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Animals KW - Assaying KW - Guidelines KW - In vivo testing KW - In vivo tests KW - Biomedical materials KW - Simulation KW - Surgical implants KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36298639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biostatistical+analysis+of+the+micronucleus+mutagenicity+assay+based+on+the+assumption+of+a+mixing+distribution.&rft.au=Hothorn%2C+L&rft.aulast=Hothorn&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to the epidemiological characterization of Staphylococcus intermedius implicated in a food-related outbreak AN - 17062077; 3883784 AB - An outbreak of food intoxication involving over 265 cases in western United States occurred in October 1991. Staphylococcus intermedius was implicated as the aetiologic agent. Representative outbreak isolates (five clinical and ten from foods) produced type A enterotoxin. DNA fragments generated by four restriction endonucleases and analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) provided definitive evidence that all isolates from nine different counties in California and Nevada were derived from a single strain. The PFGE pattern of these outbreak isolates was distinct from those of a heterogeneous collection of seven S. intermedius strains of veterinary origin and five unrelated S. aureus laboratory strains. The data show a significant PFGE pattern heterogeneity not only among members of different Staphylococcus species but also within members of the same species and even the same enterotoxin type. The results indicate that PFGE is a valuable strain-specific discriminator for the epidemiological characterization of S. intermedius. To our knowledge, this represents the first documented foodborne outbreak caused by S. intermedius. These findings suggest that the presence of S. intermedius and other species such as S. hyicus in food should be reason for concern. JF - Epidemiology and infection. London, New York NY AU - Khambaty, F M AU - Bennett, R W AU - Shah, D B AD - Div. Microbiol. Stud., HFS-517, FDA, 200 C St. S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 75 EP - 81 VL - 113 IS - 1 SN - 0950-2688, 0950-2688 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - food poisoning KW - epidemiology KW - contamination KW - Staphylococcus intermedius KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17062077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+infection.+London%2C+New+York+NY&rft.atitle=Application+of+pulsed-field+gel+electrophoresis+to+the+epidemiological+characterization+of+Staphylococcus+intermedius+implicated+in+a+food-related+outbreak&rft.au=Khambaty%2C+F+M%3BBennett%2C+R+W%3BShah%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Khambaty&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+infection.+London%2C+New+York+NY&rft.issn=09502688&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus intermedius; food poisoning; contamination; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury in livers of wading birds (Ciconiiformes) in southern Florida AN - 17016452; 3847123 AB - Mercury was measured in livers from 144 wading birds representing seven species collected from four different areas in southern Florida, including the Everglades National Park. Significant differences in hepatic mercury concentrations were identified between birds collected from different geographic locations, birds of different ages, dietary factors, and relative amounts of body fat. Birds collected from an area encompassing the central Everglades and eastern Florida Bay had significantly greater concentrations of hepatic mercury than did birds from other collection areas. Livers from fledgling and young adult birds contained approximately three times the concentration of mercury as livers from nestling birds. Bird species whose prey base consists of larger fish were found to have approximately four times the hepatic concentration of mercury as did those species which consume smaller fish or crustaceans. Birds with minimal to moderate amounts of body fat had two to three times the concentration of hepatic mercury as birds with relatively abundant body fat reserves. Four great blue herons collected from the central Everglades contained liver mercury at concentrations typically associated with overt neurologic signs ( greater than or equal to 30 mu g/g). Between 30% and 80% of potential breeding-age birds collected from this area contained hepatic mercury at concentrations associated with reproductive impairment in ducks and pheasants. These data suggest that declining numbers of nesting ciconiiform birds in Florida may be due, in part, to mercury contamination of their food supply. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Sundlof, S F AU - Spalding, M G AU - Wentworth, J D AU - Steible, C K AD - FDA Cent., Vet. Med., HFV-1, 7500 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 299 EP - 305 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Ciconiiformes KW - aquatic birds KW - birds KW - freshwater pollution KW - pollution effects KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - USA, Florida, Everglades Natl. Park KW - diets KW - Freshwater KW - bioaccumulation KW - mercury KW - wetlands KW - liver KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17016452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacy+in+history&rft.atitle=Pharmacology+and+public+health%3A+the+Jamaica+ginger+paralysis+episode+of+the+1930s.&rft.au=Parascandola%2C+J&rft.aulast=Parascandola&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacy+in+history&rft.issn=00317047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; wetlands; freshwater pollution; diets; liver; pollution effects; bioaccumulation; mercury; birds; Ciconiiformes; USA, Florida, Everglades Natl. Park; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of some homogeneity tests in analysis of over-dispersed binomial data AN - 17009329; 3848018 AB - This paper compares the procedures based on the extended quasi-likelihood, pseudo-likelihood and quasi-likelihood approaches for testing homogeneity of several proportions for over-dispersed binomial data. The type I error of the Wald tests using the model-based and robust variance estimates, the score test, and the extended quasi-likelihood ratio test (deviance reduction test) were examined by simulation. The extended quasi-likelihood method performs less well when mean responses are close to 1 or 0. The model-based Wald test based on the quasi-likelihood performs the best in maintaining the nominal level. The score test performs less well when the intracluster correlations are large or heterogeneous. In summary: (i) both the quasi-likelihood and pseudo-likelihood methods appear to be acceptable but care must be taken when overfitting a variance function with small sample sizes; (ii) the extended quasi-likelihood approach is the least favourable method because its nominal level is much too high; and (iii) the robust variance estimator performs poorly, particularly when the sample size is small. JF - Environmental and Ecological Statistics AU - Chen, J J AU - Ahn, H AU - Cheng, K F AD - Div. Biom. Risk Assess., Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, Jefferson, AK 72079, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 315 EP - 324 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1352-8505, 1352-8505 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - sampling KW - dispersion KW - homogeneity KW - data KW - statistical analysis KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17009329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Ecological+Statistics&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+some+homogeneity+tests+in+analysis+of+over-dispersed+binomial+data&rft.au=Chen%2C+J+J%3BAhn%2C+H%3BCheng%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Ecological+Statistics&rft.issn=13528505&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - statistical analysis; homogeneity; dispersion; data; sampling ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Stress proteins as biomarkers of exposure and toxicity AN - 16991850; 3825292 AB - Adverse environmental stimuli affect gene expression by enhancing the synthesis of stress proteins. This response has potential uses for in vitro toxicologic screening assays, environmental pollution monitors, and as markers of xenobiotic exposure and human disease. These uses must be validated with laboratory studies. We conducted a series of studies to explore whether chemical-specific or target-tissue specific changes in the de novo synthesis of stress proteins may represent biochemical "fingerprints" or "signatures" of exposure and toxicity. Cadmium and mercury were used as model hepatotoxicants and nephrotoxicants, respectively, and the effects of acute in vivo exposure on protein synthesis in target and non-target tissues in adult male rats were evaluated. De novo synthesis of stress proteins was analyzed by: 1) pulse-labeling proteins in liver and kidney slices with super(35)S- methionine, 2) SDS gel electrophoresis, and 3) autoradiography. Accumulation of stress proteins was assessed immunochemically by probing Western blots with monoclonal antibodies to specific stress proteins. Dose- and time-dependent changes in gene expression in liver and kidney were demonstrated after exposure to cadmium and mercury, respectively, as evidenced by enhanced de novo synthesis of the 70, 90, and 110-kDa stress proteins 2-4 hr after exposure. The changes in protein synthesis were target-organ specific, i.e., the nephrotoxicant mercury produced changes only in kidney, and the hepatotoxicant cadmium produced changes only in liver. Effects on protein synthesis occurred prior to detection of liver and renal injury, using histopathologic, functional, and clinical indices. Thus, xenobiotic-induced changes in gene expression, including the enhanced synthesis of stress proteins, may represent biomarkers of exposure, toxicity, and organismal/environmental stress. JF - IAGLR, BUFFALO, NY (USA). 166 p. 1994. AU - Goering, P L AU - Fisher, B R Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 166 PB - IAGLR, BUFFALO, NY (USA) KW - rats KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - pollution monitoring KW - test organisms KW - pollutants KW - pollution indicators KW - histopathology KW - bioassays KW - Freshwater KW - cytochromes KW - protein synthesis KW - kidneys KW - biological stress KW - liver KW - pollution effects KW - proteins KW - heavy metals KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16991850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Goering%2C+P+L%3BFisher%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Stress+proteins+as+biomarkers+of+exposure+and+toxicity&rft.title=Stress+proteins+as+biomarkers+of+exposure+and+toxicity&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Summary only. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of time and temperature on multiplication of Vibrio vulnificus in postharvest Gulf coast shellstock oysters AN - 16984432; 3630811 AB - After harvest, shellstock oysters stored under controlled temperatures of 10, 13, and 18 degree C and at ambient outside air temperature (23 to 34 degree C) were sampled after 12 and 30 h for Vibrio vulnificus. At 13 degree C and below, V. vulnificus failed to multiply in the oysters. In oysters held at 18 degree C for 30 h and under ambient conditions for 12 and 30 h, V. vulnificus numbers were statistically greater (P < 0.05) than those in oysters at harvest. These data indicate that endogenous V. vulnificus can multiply in unchilled shellstock oysters. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Cook, D W AD - FDA Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3483 EP - 3484 VL - 60 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - biological vectors KW - cell division KW - chilling storage KW - harvested oysters KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - storage effects KW - temperature KW - temperature effects KW - time KW - vibriosis KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - reproduction KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - Marine KW - seafood KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - public health KW - Q1 08622:Primary products KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16984432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+time+and+temperature+on+multiplication+of+Vibrio+vulnificus+in+postharvest+Gulf+coast+shellstock+oysters&rft.au=Cook%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chilling storage; pathogenic bacteria; biological vectors; storage effects; cell division; seafood; temperature effects; reproduction; vibriosis; public health; temperature; time; Vibrio vulnificus; Crassostrea virginica; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitive catalase test for end-point temperature of heated chicken meat AN - 16978660; 3822741 AB - Our improved method enables detection of catalase-related activities as a biochemical marker for estimating cooking end-point temperature (EPT). The broad range of inactivation temperature in chicken tissues was first determined to be > 68 degree C and < 72 degree C. Then samples were heated to EPTs from 69 to 71.5 degree C at 0.5 degree C intervals. The catalase activity at 23 and 37 degree C was followed up to 120 min. The probability of obtaining a positive result with an EPT of 69 degree C was greater than or equal to 0.99 after 45 min when incubated at 23 degree C. This probability decreased to less than or equal to 0.03 as EPT increased to 71 degree C. Higher incubation temperatures (37 degree C) increased the probability of positive results. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Ang, CYW AU - Liu, F AU - Townsend, W E AU - Fung, DYC AD - U.S. DHHS, FDA, Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 494 EP - 497 VL - 59 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food processing KW - catalase test KW - meat KW - cooking KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16978660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Sensitive+catalase+test+for+end-point+temperature+of+heated+chicken+meat&rft.au=Ang%2C+CYW%3BLiu%2C+F%3BTownsend%2C+W+E%3BFung%2C+DYC&rft.aulast=Ang&rft.aufirst=CYW&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=494&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - food processing; meat; cooking; catalase test ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transforming activity of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitro-derivatives in BALB/3T3 A31-1-1 cells AN - 16970142; 3621748 AB - The transforming activities of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and six of their nitro-derivatives were studied using BALB/3T3 clone A31-1-1 cells in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation. Each compound was assayed two to four times to its maximal level of solubility. A transformation response was induced by 1-nitropyrene, 2-nitropyrene, 4-nitropyrene and benzo[a]pyrene in the BALB/3T3 mouse embryo cells. Pyrene and 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene produced questionable responses, and benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene and 6-nitrochrysene produced negative responses. The capacity of the assay system to indicate tumorigenicity of the test compounds is discussed. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Sheu, C W AU - Dobras, S N AU - Rodriguez, I AU - Lee, J K AU - Fu, P P AD - Genet. Toxicol. Branch, HFS-236, Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, 200 C St., SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 611 EP - 615 VL - 32 IS - 7 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - BALB/3T3 cells KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - transformation KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16970142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Transforming+activity+of+selected+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+and+their+nitro-derivatives+in+BALB%2F3T3+A31-1-1+cells&rft.au=Sheu%2C+C+W%3BDobras%2C+S+N%3BRodriguez%2C+I%3BLee%2C+J+K%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Sheu&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; transformation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pneumococcal infection and immunization in children AN - 16969493; 3620501 AB - Pneumococcal infection persists as a major cause of pneumonia, bacteremia, and otitis media and is the important cause of meningitis in young children. Children less than 2 years of age show the highest incidence of pneumococcal diseases. Pneumococcal types 6A + 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F + 19A, and 23F account for the large majority of disease isolates in the pediatric population. Bacterial clearance and antibody response were studied in young mice from mothers injected with pneumococcal type 9V polysaccharide (PS) conjugated with the inactivated pneumolysin to examine the protective immunity of young mice to pneumococcal infection. The injection of mice with pneumococcal PS-protein conjugate conferred the protective immunity to pneumococcal infection. The efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine might be enhanced by addition of inactivated pneumolysin in the form of PS-protein conjugate. The molecular size of pneumococcal type 19F PS or oligosaccharide used for preparing the PS-protein conjugate has a profound effect on the antibody response to the PS. The conjugate immunogen prepared from a large molecule of 19F PS produced a high antibody response to the PS in young mice. Development of a PS-protein conjugate vaccine for selected pneumococcal types will help in solving problems of poor immunogenicity of pneumococcal PS vaccine in young children. JF - Critical Reviews in Microbiology AU - Lee, C-J AU - Wang, T R AD - Cent. Biol. Eval. Res., FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 1040-841X, 1040-841X KW - Pneumococcus KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - immunization KW - infection KW - children KW - otitis media KW - bacteremia KW - pneumonia KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16969493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Pneumococcal+infection+and+immunization+in+children&rft.au=Lee%2C+C-J%3BWang%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=C-J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+Reviews+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=1040841X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infection; children; immunization; pneumonia; bacteremia; otitis media ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deleterious effect of thimerosal on the potency of inactivated poliovirus vaccine AN - 16968906; 3623469 AB - High-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (eIPV) was combined with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine containing thimerosal as a preservative to simulate the performance of a potential tetravalent vaccine. Neither type 1 nor type 3 poliovirus antigens appeared to be affected by thimerosal after exposure for 1 h at 37 degree C as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One epitope on the type 2 antigen was damaged within 5 min of exposure; however, the overall potency was unchanged when measured using a polyclonal antibody preparation. Exposure to thimerosal at 37 degree C decreased the potency of all three poliovirus types to well below the level caused by heat deterioration alone in 1-2 days and to 0% after 16-17 days. At 25 degree C, the potency of type 1 poliovirus decreased by 46% in 1 day, whereas poliovirus types 2 and 3 were stable for 1 week. Storage of eIPV at 4 degree C in the presence of thimerosal reduced the potency of type 1 poliovirus antigen to undetectable levels after 4-6 months. Type 2 and 3 antigens were less markedly affected by 8 months of exposure to thimerosal at 4 degree C. The loss of potency of type 1 as measured by ELISA was paralleled by a reduced level of neutralizing antibodies in mice injected with these preparations. The results obtained from testing eIPV in combination with DTP and thimerosal were generally similar to those obtained using eIPV with thimerosal. It remains to be seen to what extent thimerosal will affect the immunogenicity of eIPV in humans when injected as combined eIPV-DTP vaccine. JF - Vaccine AU - Sawyer, LA AU - McInnis, J AU - Patel, A AU - Horne, AD AU - Albrecht, P AD - Lab. Pediatr. Dis., Div. Viral Prod., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 851 EP - 856 VL - 12 IS - 9 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - effects on KW - mice KW - thimerosal KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - poliovirus KW - preservatives KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - A 01097:Viruses KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16968906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Deleterious+effect+of+thimerosal+on+the+potency+of+inactivated+poliovirus+vaccine&rft.au=Sawyer%2C+LA%3BMcInnis%2C+J%3BPatel%2C+A%3BHorne%2C+AD%3BAlbrecht%2C+P&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=851&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; preservatives; poliovirus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anisakid parasites, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in sushi and sashimi from Seattle area restaurants AN - 16966623; 3619616 AB - Samples of salmon, tuna, mackerel, and rockfish sushi were analyzed for parasites from 32 of the approximately 50 restaurants in the Seattle area that prepare sushi. The restaurants were sampled up to three times over a 19-month period. Some specialty grocery stores providing restaurants and consumers with sashimi were also sampled. Salmon sushi was most commonly affected with almost 10% of pieces infected with a maximum of 3 nematodes per piece. Only single infections were present in mackerel shshi with frequency of 5%, and tuna and rockfish sushi were free of nematodes. All nematodes were third-stage juveniles of the genus Anisakis. Except for two moribund nematodes, all juveniles from sushi were dead, most likely the result of the practice of using fish that have been previously frozen. The two moribund nematodes were present in one salmon sushi sample, sample, indicating that incompletely frozen product had been used. For the sashimi, no parasites were found in tuna; however, a live anisakid was found in one collection of rockfish sashimi. Efforts to detect anisakid nematodes with nondestructive methods were generally unsuccessful. Neither inspection per ultraviolet light nor by candling was effective for salmon sushi. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Adams, A M AU - Leja, L L AU - Jinneman, K AU - Beeh, J AU - Yuen, G A AU - Wekell, M M AD - Seafood Prod. Res. Cent., FDA, 22201 23rd Dr. SE, P.O. Box 3012, Bothell, WA 98041-3012, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 311 EP - 317 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - USA, Seattle KW - food contamination KW - microbial contamination KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - sashimi KW - sushi KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Marine KW - parasites KW - Bacillus cereus KW - seafood KW - USA, Washington, Seattle KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Anisakis KW - Q1 08622:Primary products KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16966623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Psychotherapeutic+Medications+Development+Program+%28PMDP%29+Workshop+on+NMDA+Receptor+Antagonists%3A+neurotoxicity+evaluation.+Introduction.&rft.au=Leber%2C+P&rft.aulast=Leber&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology+bulletin&rft.issn=00485764&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenic bacteria; parasites; microbial contamination; seafood; food contamination; Anisakis; Bacillus cereus; USA, Washington, Seattle; Staphylococcus aureus; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International dissemination of epidemic Vibrio cholerae by cargo ship ballast and other nonpotable waters AN - 16963581; 3622710 AB - In 1991 and 1992, toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1, serotype Inaba, biotype E1 Tor, was recovered from nonpotable (ballast, bilge, and sewage) water from five cargo ships docked in ports of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Four of these ships had taken on ballast water in cholera-infected countries; the fifth took on ballast in a noninfected country. Isolates examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were indistinguishable from the Latin American epidemic strain, C6707; however, they differed significantly from the endemic Gulf Coast strain (VRL 1984), the sixth-pandemic strain (569-B), and a V. cholerae non-O1 strain isolated from a ship arriving from a foreign port. On the basis of our findings, the Food and Drug Administration recommended that the U.S. Coast Guard issue an advisory to shipping agents and captains requesting that ballast waters be exchanged on the high seas before entry of ships into U.S. ports. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - McCarthy, SA AU - Khambaty, F M AD - FDA Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2597 EP - 2601 VL - 60 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - ballast KW - bilage KW - disease spread KW - disease transmission KW - dispersal KW - epidemics KW - human diseases KW - man KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - sewage KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - ships KW - USA Coasts KW - public health KW - O 4080:Pollution - Control and Prevention KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - H SE3.21:WATER POLLUTION/WATER QUALITY KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16963581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=International+dissemination+of+epidemic+Vibrio+cholerae+by+cargo+ship+ballast+and+other+nonpotable+waters&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+SA%3BKhambaty%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenic bacteria; disease transmission; sewage; human diseases; epidemics; ships; ballast; public health; disease spread; dispersal; man; Vibrio cholerae; USA Coasts; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection of infant mice from challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae type 19F by immunization with a type 19F polysaccharide-pneumolysoid conjugate AN - 16960141; 3614478 AB - The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a conjugate of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 19F polysaccharide and a genetically toxoided derivative of the pneumococcal toxin pneumolysin was investigated in an infant mouse model. The conjugate was administered to Balb/c mice during pregnancy and/or lactation, and to their offspring during early infancy. The anti-polysaccharide and anti-pneumolysin titres of the immunized infant mice were significantly higher than those of non-immunized controls. When the infant mice were challenged with type 19F pneumococci, the bacteria were cleared more effectively from the blood of immunized mice than from that of control mice. The survival rate for the immunized mice was also significantly higher than that for the control group. These results indicate that highly protective anti-pneumococcal responses responses can be induced in infant mice by immunization with the conjugate during gestation or early infancy, and suggest a possible role for pneumolysoid-polysaccharide conjugates as human vaccine components. JF - Vaccine AU - Lee, Chi-Jen AU - Lock, R A AU - Andrew, P W AU - Mitchell, T J AU - Hansman, D AU - Paton, J C AD - Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 875 EP - 878 VL - 12 IS - 10 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - mice KW - pneumolysoids KW - polysaccharides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - vaccines KW - conjugates KW - infants KW - vaccination KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16960141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Protection+of+infant+mice+from+challenge+with+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+type+19F+by+immunization+with+a+type+19F+polysaccharide-pneumolysoid+conjugate&rft.au=Lee%2C+Chi-Jen%3BLock%2C+R+A%3BAndrew%2C+P+W%3BMitchell%2C+T+J%3BHansman%2C+D%3BPaton%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Chi-Jen&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=875&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; conjugates; infants; vaccination; Streptococcus pneumoniae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection of immunized and previously infected chimpanzees challenged with Mycoplasma pneumoniae AN - 16959055; 3624219 AB - Following immunization, peak geometric mean serum metabolism inhibition antibody (MIT) titres were 1:13 and 1:16 for groups of three chimpanzees each that received either the formalin-inactivated OSU-1A or experimental acellular extract vaccine, respectively. Following challenge, the mean titres for chimpanzees given the acellular vaccine peaked at 1:256 in 4 weeks and was 1:48 at 10 weeks. Chimpanzees given the OSU-1A vaccine peaked at 1:80 in 4 weeks and remained at 1:80 at 10 weeks. There was no direct correlation between the serum MIT response and the severity of disease or colonization, and thus the MIT response was not a reliable measurement of protection. The two non-immunized chimpanzees showed significant signs of disease, including cough, pharyngitis, rhinitis, fever and abnormal X-ray findings, for about 5 weeks. The chimpanzees immunized with either vaccine were less colonized and showed far less disease than non-immunized controls. Protection afforded the chimpanzees was similar to that of vaccines in the human clinical trial given the same OSU-1A vaccine (Wenzel et al., 1977). The two previously infected chimpanzees were most protected against colonization and disease on challenge. JF - Vaccine AU - Barile, M F AU - Grabowski, M W AU - Kapatais-Zoumbois, K AU - Brown, B AU - Hu, Ping-Chuan AU - Chandler, DKF AD - Lab. Mycoplasma, Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 707 EP - 714 VL - 12 IS - 8 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - protection KW - vaccines KW - challenge KW - Mycoplasma pneumoniae KW - Pan troglodytes KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16959055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Acute+behavioral+toxicity+of+MK-801+and+phencyclidine%3A+effects+on+rhesus+monkey+performance+in+an+operant+test+battery.&rft.au=Paule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology+bulletin&rft.issn=00485764&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - protection; vaccines; challenge; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pan troglodytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enumeration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in various seafoods with two enrichment broths AN - 16956877; 3619394 AB - This study compares recoveries of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus with salt-polymyxin B broth (SPB) and alkaline peptone water (APW) from samples of crab legs, oysters, shrimp, lobster and shark, which were inoculated at three levels (approximately 10 super(1) to 10 super(2), 10 super(2) to 10 super(3) and 10 super(4) to 10 super(5)/g) with each of the pathogens. Six samples of each product were analyzed [3-tube most probable number (MPN)] with each broth. Inoculated samples of oysters and slurries of crab and lobster were also tested after cold stress (refrigerated at 2 to 4 degree C, 3 or 7 days, or frozen at -15 degree C for 21 or 28 days). For each seafood, geometric means of cells recovered with APW were significantly higher than the corresponding means of recovery with SPB. In addition, 12 of 15 calculated estimates of 50% relative detectable levels (RDL50) were lower for APW than for SPB. In these samples, the level of detection by APW was found to be 40 to 32,000 and 6- to 42-fold lower for V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, respectively, than the level of detection by SPB. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Hagen, C J AU - Sloan, E M AU - Lancette, G A AU - Peeler, J T AU - Sofos, J N AD - FDA/PHS/DHHS, Denver Fed. Cent., Build. 20, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, CO 80225-0087, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 403 EP - 409 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - enumeration KW - food contamination KW - human food KW - microbial contamination KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Marine KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus KW - seafood KW - Q1 08622:Primary products KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16956877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Enumeration+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+and+Vibrio+vulnificus+in+various+seafoods+with+two+enrichment+broths&rft.au=Hagen%2C+C+J%3BSloan%2C+E+M%3BLancette%2C+G+A%3BPeeler%2C+J+T%3BSofos%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Hagen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenic bacteria; microbial contamination; seafood; human food; food contamination; enumeration; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of DNA damage by urethane in mouse testes: DNA binding and unscheduled DNA synthesis AN - 16956145; 3619460 AB - The extent and persistence of DNA damage and repair were investigated in mouse spermatogenic cells exposed in vivo to urethane (ethyl carbamate, EC). Adult male mice exposed to [ super(3)H]EC at 10-1,000 mg/kg were sacrificed 12 hr later. EC/metabolite binding to liver and testicular DNA and to sperm heads from the vasa deferentia was measured. Other male mice were exposed to EC at 50-750 mg/kg, and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induction was investigated in early spermatid stages. Similar experiments were conducted with vinyl carbamate (VC; putative EC metabolite) at 10-75 mg/kg. Overall, the results suggest that EC metabolites bind to testis DNA and cause low-level DNA damage in mouse spermatogenic cells. This type of DNA damage apparently does not have significant genetic consequences. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Sotomayor, R E AU - Sega, G A AU - Kadlubar, F AD - FDA, Cent. Food. Saf. and Appl. Nutr. (CFSAN), MOD-1, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel 20708, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 68 EP - 74 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - urethan KW - mice KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - DNA biosynthesis KW - DNA KW - binding KW - testes KW - spermatogenesis KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - N 14653:Effect of antibiotics, antimetabolites & mutagens UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16956145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Induction+of+DNA+damage+by+urethane+in+mouse+testes%3A+DNA+binding+and+unscheduled+DNA+synthesis&rft.au=Sotomayor%2C+R+E%3BSega%2C+G+A%3BKadlubar%2C+F&rft.aulast=Sotomayor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA; DNA biosynthesis; binding; spermatogenesis; testes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of polysaccharide in Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection AN - 16955475; 3624220 AB - A sensitive method for the quantification of polysaccharide (PS) in Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate and PS vaccines has been developed. It is based on measurement of the Hib PS subunit after depolymerization of the PS in sodium hydroxide to produce the subunit, which is characterized by chemical composition and super(31)P n.m.r. analyses as ribitol-ribose-phosphate. The Hib vaccines were first treated with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide. The Hib PS subunit in the treated vaccines was then analysed directly by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography using a Carbo Pak PA-1 column, and quantified by pulsed amperometric detection. The PS contents of three conjugate vaccines and three PS vaccines from different manufacturers were determined. Their values were in the expected ranges. This method is particularly useful for vaccines with a sugar stabilizer such as lactose which would interfere with the colorimetric orcinol assay currently used for determination of the PS. The method can measure 0.1 mu g of PS and its sensitivity is at least 30-fold higher than that of the orcinol assay. It may be used for stability studies of conjugate vaccines since a breakdown as low as 5% of the PS from the PS-protein conjugates would be detected. JF - Vaccine AU - Tsai, Chao-Ming AU - Gu, Xin-Xing AU - Byrd, R A AD - Off. Vaccine Res. and Rev., Cent. for Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 700 EP - 706 VL - 12 IS - 8 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - polysaccharides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - Haemophilus influenzae KW - anion-exchange chromatography KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16955475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+polysaccharide+in+Haemophilus+influenzae+type+b+conjugate+and+polysaccharide+vaccines+by+high-performance+anion-exchange+chromatography+with+pulsed+amperometric+detection&rft.au=Tsai%2C+Chao-Ming%3BGu%2C+Xin-Xing%3BByrd%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Tsai&rft.aufirst=Chao-Ming&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=700&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; anion-exchange chromatography; Haemophilus influenzae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Norwalk virus in artificially seeded shellfish and selected foods AN - 16953016; 3622230 AB - A rotavirus dsRNA purification protocol was adapted to extract Norwalk ssRNA from artificially contaminated shellfish, and a sensitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for Norwalk virus was devised to identify an estimated 20-200 genomic copies. The technique includes deproteinization with guanidinium isothiocyanate, adsorption of RNA to hydroxyapatite, and sequential precipitation with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and ethanol. The protocol allows high recovery of viral RNA free of enzymatic inhibitors from oysters, clams, and a variety of food matrices. Norwalk virus sequences were copied and amplified by using primes selected from the polymerase gene. Digestion of the amplified products with restriction enzymes ensured the specificity of the test. This rapid and sensitive assay may significantly improve the prospect for the routine screening of the uncultivatable Norwalk virus in food stuffs. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Gouvea, V AU - Santos, N AU - do Carmo Timenetsky, M AU - Estes, M K AD - Div. Mol. Biol. Res. and Eval., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 177 EP - 187 VL - 48 IS - 2-3 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Norwalk virus KW - RNA KW - deproteinization KW - detection KW - fish inspection KW - genes KW - microbial contamination KW - nucleotide sequence KW - shellfish KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Marine KW - seafood KW - viruses KW - public health KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - V 22022:Virus assay KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16953016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Reproducibility+of+the+dose-response+curve+of+steroid-induced+cleft+palate+in+mice&rft.au=Freni%2C+S+C%3BRazzaghi%2C+M%3BMoore%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Freni&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1073&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; detection; microbial contamination; RNA; shellfish; seafood; genes; viruses; fish inspection; public health; deproteinization; Norwalk virus; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recommendations for use of the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis infections AN - 16952390; 3619116 JF - Journal of Medical Microbiology AU - Meade, B D AU - Bollen, A AD - Div. Bact. Prod., HFM-490, Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 51 EP - 55 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2615, 0022-2615 KW - ACT gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - insertion sequences KW - genes KW - DNA KW - diagnostic agents KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16952390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Recommendations+for+use+of+the+polymerase+chain+reaction+in+the+diagnosis+of+Bordetella+pertussis+infections&rft.au=Meade%2C+B+D%3BBollen%2C+A&rft.aulast=Meade&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00222615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; DNA; diagnostic agents; nucleotide sequence; insertion sequences; genes ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Human and quasi-Bayesian observers of images limited by quantum noise, object variability, and artifacts AN - 16948195; 189194 AB - Many investigators have pointed out the need for performance measures that describe how well the images produced by a medical imaging system aid the end user in performing a particular diagnostic task. To this end we have investigated a variety of imaging tasks to determine the applicability of Bayesian and related strategies for predicting human performance. We have compared Bayesian and human classification performance for tasks involving a number of sources of decision-variable spread, including quantum fluctuations contained in the data set, inherent biological variability within each patient class, and deterministic artifacts due to limited data sets. JF - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. Vol. 2166, pp. 180-190. 1994. AU - Myers, Kyle J AU - Wagner, Robert F AU - Hanson, Kenneth M AU - Barrett, Harrison H AU - Rolland, Jannick P Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 11 EP - 190 PB - SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS, BELLINGHAM, WA, (USA) SN - 0819414611 KW - Decision theory KW - Diagnostic performance prediction KW - Human image observers KW - Image analysis KW - Image quality KW - Medical imaging system reliability KW - Performance KW - Quasi-Bayesian image observers KW - Spurious signal noise KW - Statistical decision theory KW - Statistical methods KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Evaluation KW - Mathematical models KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 921.6:NUMERICAL METHODS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 922.2:MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16948195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Myers%2C+Kyle+J%3BWagner%2C+Robert+F%3BHanson%2C+Kenneth+M%3BBarrett%2C+Harrison+H%3BRolland%2C+Jannick+P&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=0819414611&rft.btitle=Human+and+quasi-Bayesian+observers+of+images+limited+by+quantum+noise%2C+object+variability%2C+and+artifacts&rft.title=Human+and+quasi-Bayesian+observers+of+images+limited+by+quantum+noise%2C+object+variability%2C+and+artifacts&rft.issn=0277786X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of gamma irradiation on shelf life and bacterial and viral loads in hard-shelled clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) AN - 16937408; 3612079 AB - The feasibility of using super(60)Co gamma irradiation to inactivate total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, and F-coliphage in hard-shelled clams, Mercenaria mercenaria, was investigated. The results of three trials indicated average D sub(10) values of 1.32 kGy for total coliforms, 1.39 kGy for fecal coliforms, 1.54 kGy for E. coli, 2.71 kGy for C. perfringens, and 13.50 kGy for F-coliphage. Irradiation doses of >0.5 kGy were significantly lethal to the shellfish. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Harewood, P AU - Rippey, S AU - Montesalvo, M AD - FDA Northeast Seafood Lab., Davisville, North Kingstown, RI 02852, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2666 EP - 2670 VL - 60 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - treatment KW - seafood KW - shelf life KW - bacteria KW - viruses KW - gamma radiation KW - Mercenaria mercenaria KW - contamination KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16937408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+gamma+irradiation+on+shelf+life+and+bacterial+and+viral+loads+in+hard-shelled+clams+%28Mercenaria+mercenaria%29&rft.au=Harewood%2C+P%3BRippey%2C+S%3BMontesalvo%2C+M&rft.aulast=Harewood&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2666&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mercenaria mercenaria; bacteria; viruses; contamination; shelf life; seafood; gamma radiation; treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incurred arsenic residues in chicken eggs AN - 16934063; 3610982 AB - Arsanilic acid and roxarsone were fed to laying hens at elemental arsenic concentrations of 14, 28, 56 or 112 ppm for 10 weeks followed by a 2-week withdrawal period. Arsenic residues in egg components of laying hens that were fed either control or diets treated with organic arsenicals were determined weekly by atomic absorption. Arsenic concentrations in eggs were also determined after either 0, 2 or 4 weeks of refrigerated storage (4 degree C). Arsenic residues in both yolk and albumen increased in a dose-dependent manner although the amount of arsenic was much higher (95% of total) in yolk. Arsenic concentrations increased within 1 week of treatment, and the highest amounts were obtained between the second and fourth week for yolk samples and by the first week for albumen samples, except in the 14-ppm doses where highest amounts were reached by the middle of the treatment period. Hens treated with 112 ppm arsenic from arsanilic acid produced eggs with arsenic residues exceeding the 500 ppb Food and Drug Administration whole egg tolerance level. Eggs subjected to refrigerated storage did not have increased arsenic concentrations in yolk, although, for a few treatments, residues increased in albumen. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Donoghue, D J AU - Hairston, H AU - Cope, C V AU - Bartholomew, MJ AU - Wagner, D D AD - Pharmacol. and Biochem. Branch, Cent. Vet. Med., FDA, Build. 328-A, Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 218 EP - 223 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - chickens KW - poultry KW - arsenic KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - residues KW - eggs KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16934063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Incurred+arsenic+residues+in+chicken+eggs&rft.au=Donoghue%2C+D+J%3BHairston%2C+H%3BCope%2C+C+V%3BBartholomew%2C+MJ%3BWagner%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Donoghue&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; residues; eggs; poultry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of polyesterurethane degradation products AN - 16931988; 165797 AB - A detailed characterization of the microthane foam extractables in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and methylene chloride is presented. Multiple peak molecular weights from 105 to 665000 were found in the aqueous foam extracts following two weeks of incubation at 37 degree C using size exclusion chromatography. Toluenediamine was measured in the foam buffer extracts by high pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. JF - Journal of Applied Biomaterials AU - Luu, H-MD AU - Biles, J AU - White, K D AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, NEW YORK, NY, (USA) VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1045-4861, 1045-4861 KW - Amines KW - Breast implants KW - Correlation methods KW - High pressure liquid chromatography KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Methylene chloride KW - Polyesters KW - Polyesterurethane KW - Polyurethanes KW - Toluenediamine KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Degradation KW - Gas chromatography KW - Size exclusion chromatography KW - Molecular weight KW - Foams KW - Hydrolysis KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 462.5:BIOMATERIALS KW - W4 801:CHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 922.2:MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS KW - W4 815.1.1:ORGANIC POLYMERS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16931988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+polyesterurethane+degradation+products&rft.au=Luu%2C+H-MD%3BBiles%2C+J%3BWhite%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Luu&rft.aufirst=H-MD&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.issn=10454861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Degradation; Gas chromatography; Molecular weight; Size exclusion chromatography; Foams; Hydrolysis ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Simulated tissue loads for testing of transcutaneous electrical stimulators AN - 16930988; 175732 AB - Sensory and motor threshold excitation from a human study with a constant voltage source were used to develop ideal simulated loads for monophasic, biphasic and amplitude modulated waveforms to test transcutaneous electrical stimulators. A comparison with resistive loads or the AAMI standard load was made, indicating that the ideal forearm loads can more accurately represent the human loading condition. JF - Alliance for Engineering in Medicine and Biology. Proceedings of the Annual Conference. no. 84-785. 1994. AU - Kantor, Gideon AU - Alon, Gad AU - Ho, Henry S Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 PB - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA) KW - Amplitude modulated waveform KW - Amplitude modulation KW - Biphasic waveform KW - Capacitors KW - Electric resistance KW - Equipment testing KW - Living systems studies KW - Monophasic waveform KW - Resistive loads KW - Resistors KW - Tissue KW - Transcutaneous electrical simulators KW - Waveform analysis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Electrodes KW - Capacitance KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 921.6:NUMERICAL METHODS KW - W4 701.1:ELECTRICITY: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PHENOMENA KW - W4 422.2:TEST METHODS KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W4 704.1:ELECTRIC COMPONENTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16930988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kantor%2C+Gideon%3BAlon%2C+Gad%3BHo%2C+Henry+S&rft.aulast=Kantor&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Simulated+tissue+loads+for+testing+of+transcutaneous+electrical+stimulators&rft.title=Simulated+tissue+loads+for+testing+of+transcutaneous+electrical+stimulators&rft.issn=05891019&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International Council for Harmonization stability guidelines: Food and Drug Administration regulatory perspective AN - 16927113; 3605359 AB - The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) was organized to provide an opportunity for tripartite harmonization initiatives to be developed with input from both regulatory and industry representatives. ICH is concerned with harmonization of technical requirements for the registration of pharmaceutical products among three regions: the European Community, Japan, and the United States. The six ICH sponsors are the European Commission, the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations, the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Japanese Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the United States Pharmaceutical Manufactures Association. In addition, the ICH secretariat, which coordinates the preparation of documentation, is provided by the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (IFPMA). JF - Drug Information Journal AU - Kumkumian, C S AD - Off. Drug Eval. I, Cent. Drug Eval. and Res., FDA, 5000 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 635 EP - 640 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0092-8615, 0092-8615 KW - FDA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - drugs KW - international cooperation KW - safety regulations KW - H SE4.28:PHARMACEUTICALS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16927113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.atitle=International+Council+for+Harmonization+stability+guidelines%3A+Food+and+Drug+Administration+regulatory+perspective&rft.au=Kumkumian%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Kumkumian&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.issn=00928615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drugs; safety regulations; international cooperation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unique aspects of orphan drug safety AN - 16922955; 3604604 AB - In December 1992, the Orphan Drug Regulations; Final Rule were published. These regulations describe the role orphan products play in developing safer drugs, and discovering safer uses for products in special populations. In many instances, the Orphan Drug Act is responsible for the discovery of better ways of producing already developed products for safe treatment of special patient populations. JF - Drug Information Journal AU - Haffner, ME AD - Off. Orphan Prod. Dev. FDA (HF-53), 5600 Fishers Lane, Rm. 8-73, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 489 EP - 494 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0092-8615, 0092-8615 KW - orphans KW - orphan drugs KW - pharmaceuticals KW - government policy KW - government policies KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - children KW - toxicity KW - legislation KW - safety KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16922955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.atitle=Unique+aspects+of+orphan+drug+safety&rft.au=Haffner%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Haffner&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.issn=00928615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - children; toxicity; safety; legislation; government policies; pharmaceuticals; government policy ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Incorporation of fluorescently-labeled lipids into living brain slices AN - 16921454; 165970 AB - In order to identify neuronal networks, it is generally required to fix tissue followed by some specific staining procedure. A new procedure is described in this manuscript that labels brain slices that are routinely used for electrophysiological analyses. Fluorescently-labeled lipids can be incorporated into brain slices via passive exchange from exogenously applied vesicles. The labeled lipid is distributed throughout distinct cellular structures of the hippocampus and cerebellum. High resolution images of cells can be obtained and as the labeling process does not affect the electrical properties of the labeled cells, further electrophysiological analyses can be made of identifiable cells. The distribution of the lipid depends on the labeled phospholipid species. One of the lipids analyzed has been previously used for in vitro phospholipase analyses. Addition of phospholipase activating agents resulted in identification with high spatial and temporal resolution of activation of this enzyme in specific cell types. The cells affected correlated with previously identified regions of relevant pharmacological activity. This procedure shows considerable promise for monitoring biochemical changes due to physiological, toxicological, or pathological changes in intact neuronal networks. JF - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. Vol. 2137, pp. 39-48. 1994. AU - Lester, David S Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 10 EP - 48 PB - SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS, BELLINGHAM, WA, (USA) SN - 0819414328 KW - Biomedical engineering KW - Brain slices KW - High resolution images KW - Imaging techniques KW - Labeling KW - Neuronal networks KW - Phospolipase activating agents KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Agents KW - Fluorescence KW - Biochemistry KW - Electrophysiology KW - Monitoring KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 941.4:OPTICAL VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16921454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Lester%2C+David+S&rft.aulast=Lester&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=0819414328&rft.btitle=Incorporation+of+fluorescently-labeled+lipids+into+living+brain+slices&rft.title=Incorporation+of+fluorescently-labeled+lipids+into+living+brain+slices&rft.issn=0277786X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of five plastics used in medical devices to oxidation produced by copper or iron ions and reducing agents AN - 16920123; 162316 AB - Metal-based formulations containing Cu(II) or Fe(III) ions plus a reducing agent, have been shown to be effective microbicidal agents and suggested for liquid disinfection or sterilization of reusable medical devices. In this study, we examined, by optical and scanning electron microscopy, the stability of five polymeric materials, commonly used in the manufacture of implantable, exploratory, and other medical devices, to oxidative challenge by metal-based formulations. No damage of any of the polymers could be attributed to repeated treatment with metal-based formulations under `in use' conditions. However, a poly(vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride) copolymer (PVC) was found to be unstable to 10 wetting/drying cycles. The polymers were also challenged once for a longer time, at higher temperature, and with reagents at concentrations far exceeding those expected to be used in disinfecting medical devices. The only damage observed after this `accelerated' testing consisted in minor pitting, or erosion, observed in polyamide and polyurethane samples exposed to formulations containing Fe(III) ions. Our results after `in-use' and `accelerated' testing indicate that silicone rubber, polyethylene, polyamide, and polyurethane polymers should be stable to treatment with Cu(II) plus hydrogen peroxide or ascorbic acid under conditions likely to be encountered in the decontamination of medical devices. The stability of these polymeric materials suggests the feasibility of using metal-based formulations for repeated disinfection of a broad range of medical devices without deleterious effects on the polymeric components. JF - Polymer Degradation and Stability AU - Sagripanti, Jose-Luis AU - Hughes-Dillon, MKathryn AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 241 EP - 246 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, OXFORD, (ENGL) VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0141-3910, 0141-3910 KW - Biomedical equipment KW - Copper KW - Iron KW - Metal based formulations KW - Optical microscopy KW - Sterilization (cleaning) KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Ions KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Disinfectants KW - Oxidation KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W4 804:CHEMICAL PRODUCTS GENERALLY KW - W4 931.3:ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS KW - W4 803:CHEMICAL AGENTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 815.1.1:ORGANIC POLYMERS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16920123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polymer+Degradation+and+Stability&rft.atitle=Stability+of+five+plastics+used+in+medical+devices+to+oxidation+produced+by+copper+or+iron+ions+and+reducing+agents&rft.au=Sagripanti%2C+Jose-Luis%3BHughes-Dillon%2C+MKathryn&rft.aulast=Sagripanti&rft.aufirst=Jose-Luis&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Polymer+Degradation+and+Stability&rft.issn=01413910&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scanning electron microscopy; Ions; Disinfectants; Oxidation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dual role of flavonoids in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis AN - 16919140; 3604662 AB - Flavonoids, an important class of plant polyphenols, are present in fruits, vegetables, roots, tubers, bulbs, herbs, spices, legumes, tea, coffee, red wine and beer. The daily intake of flavonoids in the average American diet was estimated to be about 1 g. The present review discusses the dual role of the polyphenolic flavonoids in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, and the possible involvement of oxygen free radicals. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C: Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Reviews AU - Sahu, S C AD - Div. Toxicol. Res., U.S. FDA, Laurel, MD 20707, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 21 VL - C12 IS - 1 SN - 1059-0501, 1059-0501 KW - flavonoids KW - dietary intake KW - mutagenesis KW - free radicals KW - role KW - oxygen KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - diets KW - carcinogenesis KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16919140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+C%3A+Environmental+Carcinogenesis+and+Ecotoxicology+Reviews&rft.atitle=Dual+role+of+flavonoids+in+mutagenesis+and+carcinogenesis&rft.au=Sahu%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Sahu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=C12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+C%3A+Environmental+Carcinogenesis+and+Ecotoxicology+Reviews&rft.issn=10590501&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carcinogenesis; oxygen; reviews; diets; dietary intake; mutagenesis; free radicals; role ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development effects of combined exposure to ethanol and vitamin A AN - 16914303; 3598581 AB - The potential for ethanol (EtOH) to influence the developmental toxicity of vitamin A was investigated. 11 groups of approximately 31 FDA-bred Osborne-Mendel rats received either a control or isocaloric 6.4% EtOH liquid diet (containing 4000 IU vitamin A/litre) ad lib. In general, pups exposed to ethanol and vitamin A had a tendency to weigh less than those exposure to vitamin A alone, but to weigh more than those exposed to EtOH alone. EtOH combined with vitamin A at 80,000 IU/kg resulted in an increased incidence of cleft palate relative to the vehicle control or either treatment alone. The incidence of exencephaly and protruding tongue was significantly greater in the group given vitamin A at 160,000 IU/kg, compared with the vehicle control group. The most consistent statistically significant skeletal finding in the groups receiving combined treatment was a treatment-related increased incidence of supernumerary ribs [14th rib (C7), 14th rib bud (L1) and 15 ribs]. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Whitby, KE AU - Collins, TFX AU - Welsh, J J AU - Black, T N AU - Flynn, T AU - Shackelford, M AU - Ware, SE AU - O'Donnell, M W AU - Sundaresan, PR AD - Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, 200 C St. SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 305 EP - 320 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - ethanol KW - retinol KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - teratogenicity KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16914303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Development+effects+of+combined+exposure+to+ethanol+and+vitamin+A&rft.au=Whitby%2C+KE%3BCollins%2C+TFX%3BWelsh%2C+J+J%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BFlynn%2C+T%3BShackelford%2C+M%3BWare%2C+SE%3BO%27Donnell%2C+M+W%3BSundaresan%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Whitby&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - teratogenicity ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Update on migration research and regulatory initiatives AN - 16914113; 3598399 AB - The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) current research programme on migration from food packaging materials focuses on high-temperature packaging applications. Results from two studies conducted by Arthur D. Little, Inc., under contract to the FDA, are presented as well as highlights of the FDA's research programme on migration from microwave heat susceptor packaging. Some regulatory policy issues affecting the FDA's future regulation of food packaging materials are also examined. JF - Food Additives and Contaminants [FOOD ADDIT. CONTAM.]. Vol. 11, no. 2. 1994. AU - Schwartz, P S A2 - Ashby, R A2 - Tice, P (eds) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 KW - packaging materials KW - migration KW - research KW - foods KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - plastics KW - USA KW - packaging KW - food KW - safety regulations KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.23:FOOD PACKAGING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16914113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Update+on+migration+research+and+regulatory+initiatives&rft.title=Update+on+migration+research+and+regulatory+initiatives&rft.issn=0265293X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization of the analytical performance of the magnetic sector mass spectrometer for the identification of residual chloramphenicol in shrimp AN - 16912541; 152924 AB - Chemical noise limits mass spectrometric detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) with electron capture ionization at low resolution, and makes CAP identification at concentrations of 5 parts per billion (ppb) difficult. Increasing the resolution from 1000 to 3500, however, was sufficient to separate the analyte signals from the noise signals, and resulted in a 100 times higher analytical sensitivity. The introduction of sweep gas in the ion source decreased the scattering of the quantitative results on average by a factor of 7, and thereby improved the precision of the analyses to an acceptable level (CV < 10%). Under such conditions, CAP residues of 1.5 and 2.1 ppb in shrimp as determined by electron capture gas chromatography/mass spectrometry can readily be identified by monitoring four diagnostic ions. JF - Biological Mass Spectrometry AU - Aladar Bencsath, F AU - Plakas, Steven M AU - Long, Austin R AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, AL, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 665 EP - 674 VL - 23 IS - 11 SN - 1052-9306, 1052-9306 KW - Antibiotics KW - Chemical noise KW - Chloramphenicol KW - Derivativation KW - Electron capture ionization KW - Food products KW - Ion sources KW - Mass spectrometric detection KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Shrimp KW - Solid phase extraction KW - Solvent extraction KW - Sweep gas KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Gas chromatography KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Monitoring KW - Ionization KW - W4 801.4:PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 943.3:SPECIAL PURPOSE INSTRUMENTS KW - W4 732.2:CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16912541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+the+analytical+performance+of+the+magnetic+sector+mass+spectrometer+for+the+identification+of+residual+chloramphenicol+in+shrimp&rft.au=Aladar+Bencsath%2C+F%3BPlakas%2C+Steven+M%3BLong%2C+Austin+R&rft.aulast=Aladar+Bencsath&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=665&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.issn=10529306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Liquid chromatography; Gas chromatography; Monitoring; Ionization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sources and atmospheric distribution of particulate and gas-phase boron AN - 16912086; 3600664 AB - Atmospheric samples were collected during warm and cold weather conditions at continental, coastal and marine sites. Source sampling was performed at a coal-fired power plant and several volcanic sites. Atmospheric gas-phase and particulate boron concentrations were determined by neutron capture prompt-gamma activation analysis and compared to measurements from other studies. Rain and snow samples collected at one continental site were analysed for soluble and insoluble B. Volcanic deposit and ash samples were also analysed for B. The tropospheric burdens for particulate and gas-phase B were estimated to be 0.6 x 10 super(10) g and (6-11) x 10 super(10) g, respectively, with the latter about a factor of 3 lower than previous estimates. Global anthropogenic particulate and gas-phase B source estimates were consistent with previous estimates, and natural particulate and gas-phase B source estimates agreed reasonably well with previously reported upper limits. About 65-85% of total B source strength can be attributed to the oceans, and 8-20% to coal, agricultural, fuelwood and refuse burning. Volcanism may contribute 6-15% of the total, but accurate source estimates are difficult. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Anderson, D L AU - Kitto, ME AU - McCarthy, L AU - Zoller, W H AD - FDA Lab., NIST bldg. 235/B125, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1401 EP - 1410 VL - 28 IS - 8 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - monitoring measurements KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - atmosphere KW - boron KW - troposphere KW - gases KW - particulates KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16912086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Sources+and+atmospheric+distribution+of+particulate+and+gas-phase+boron&rft.au=Anderson%2C+D+L%3BKitto%2C+ME%3BMcCarthy%2C+L%3BZoller%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmosphere; particulates; boron; gases; troposphere ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo delivery of interleukin-4 by a recombinant vaccinia virus prevents tumor development in mice AN - 16907199; 3602768 AB - To study the immunotherapeutic potential of interleukin-4 (IL-4) delivered in vivo via a recombinant vaccinia virus, a thymidine kinase-negative (TK super(-)) vaccinia virus that expressed the murine IL-4 gene (VV1/IL-4) was constructed. When mice were inoculated with 10 super(7) plaque-forming units (pfu) of VV1/IL-4 subcutaneously (s.c.), 10 super(5) pfu/cm super(2) were found in skin, and smaller numbers in liver and kidney between 1 and 7 days after infection; few viral pfu were found in spleen and lung, or in any organ after intravenous infection. This suggested that recombinant vaccinia viruses might be most efficient at delivery of cytokine genes to the skin. Because IL-4 has recently been found to have potent anti-tumor activity, the effect of recombinant virus infection on the development of s.c. tumors was studied. A single s.c. inoculation with VV1/IL-4 delayed the development of NCTC 2472 tumors, but when VV1/IL-4 was inoculated s.c. weekly for 8 weeks, tumor development was completely prevented in 93% of mice. Similarly, the development of M-3 melanoma tumors was also prevented by weekly s.c. inoculations of VV1/IL-4. About 40% of mice treated with control VV2/ beta gal by the same regimen also failed to develop tumors. Weekly virus treatment did not prevent NCTC 2472 tumor development in athymic nu/nu mice, suggesting that mature T cells are required for expression of VV1/IL-4 induced antitumor activity. Thus, recombinant vaccinia viruses may be especially well suited for convenient therapeutic delivery of immunomodulator genes to skin-related sites. JF - Human Gene Therapy AU - Elkins, K L AU - Ennist, D L AU - Winegar, R K AU - Weir, J P AD - Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Dis., DBP, CBER, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 809 EP - 820 VL - 5 IS - 7 SN - 1043-0342, 1043-0342 KW - development KW - gene therapy KW - interleukin 4 KW - mice KW - recombinants KW - tumors KW - vaccinia virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Human Genome Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33180:Gene based (protocols, clinical trials, and animal models) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16907199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=In+vivo+delivery+of+interleukin-4+by+a+recombinant+vaccinia+virus+prevents+tumor+development+in+mice&rft.au=Elkins%2C+K+L%3BEnnist%2C+D+L%3BWinegar%2C+R+K%3BWeir%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Elkins&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=10430342&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gene therapy; recombinants; development; interleukin 4; tumors; vaccinia virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing conservatism in risk estimation for mixtures of carcinogens AN - 16905463; 3602670 AB - The excess cancer risk that might result from exposure to a mixture of chemical carcinogens usually must be estimated using data from experiments conducted with individual chemicals. In estimating such risk, it is commonly assumed that the total risk due to the mixture is the sum of the risks of the individual components, provided that the risks associated with individual chemicals at levels present in the mixture are low. This assumption, while itself not necessarily conservative, has led to the conservative practice of summing individual upper-bound risk estimates in order to obtain an upper bound on the total excess cancer risk for a mixture. Less conservative procedures are described here and are illustrated for the case of a mixture of four carcinogens. JF - Risk Analysis AU - Kodell, R L AU - Chen, J J AD - Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 327 EP - 332 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - probability KW - Risk Abstracts KW - carcinogenicity KW - chemicals KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16905463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Reducing+conservatism+in+risk+estimation+for+mixtures+of+carcinogens&rft.au=Kodell%2C+R+L%3BChen%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Kodell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemicals; carcinogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential air deflation quality assurance test for surgical gloves AN - 16904591; 148108 AB - A new quality assurance (QA) test for surgeon's gloves is described which uses a sensitive differential pressure gage to detect glove holes as small as 0.020 mm. The test can be performed quickly and without damage to the glove. Standard holes in nickel masks, ranging in diameter from 0.015 mm to 0.10 mm, were used to calibrate test sensitivity. Air pressure losses in test gloves were compared directly to air pressure in an intact glove. Holes in glove fingers and in glove palms were made with an excimer laser and also with an acupuncture needle. These gloves were then tested with this differential air deflation test and with the standard 1000 mL water fill test. The new test offers similar test sensitivity to the 1000 mL test and, in addition, offers the possibility of quantitative leak testing. JF - Journal of Testing & Evaluation AU - Carey, Ronald F AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 440 EP - 446 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0090-3973, 0090-3973 KW - Surgical gloves KW - Air deflation test KW - Leakage test KW - Leakage (fluid) KW - Quality assurance KW - Pressure gages KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 943.1:MECHANICAL INSTRUMENTS KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W4 913.3:QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 423.2:TEST METHODS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16904591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Testing+%26+Evaluation&rft.atitle=Differential+air+deflation+quality+assurance+test+for+surgical+gloves&rft.au=Carey%2C+Ronald+F&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Testing+%26+Evaluation&rft.issn=00903973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Redox reactivity of modified hemoglobins with hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide: toxicological implications AN - 16899718; 140920 AB - The rapid unloading of oxygen to tissue and the prevention of subunit dissociation have been the main concerns in the search for an effective hemoglobin-based red cell substitute. The presence of redox active iron however, raises some questions about its potential to enter into reactions that mediate the formation of cytotoxic oxygen free radicals. We tested the propensity of modified hemoglobins to undergo oxidative damage by peroxide (H sub(2)O sub(2)). We found differences in their susceptibility to oxidative modification and in their ability to form the highly cytotoxic ferryl species. This protein-associated oxidant may be a physiologically important contributor to reperfusion injury. Another potential mechanism of toxicity involves the reaction of cell-free hemoglobin with endothelium derived nitric oxide (NO). Marked hypertensive responses in intact animals infused with some of these hemoglobins were reported. Cell-free hemoglobin has the potential to bind the endothelial generated NO yielding methemoglobin and nitrate, an extremely rapid reaction in vivo. We describe subsequent redox reactions between NO and methemoglobin which may further deplete NO as a biological transducer, leading to greater effects on the extent of endothelial-dependent responses. The consequences of a potential linkage between oxidative toxicity of cell-free hemoglobin and its interaction with NO is addressed. JF - ARTIF CELLS BLOOD SUBSTITUTES IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOL AU - Alayash, AI AU - Ryan, BABrockner AU - Frantantoni, J C AU - Cashon, R E Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 373 EP - 386 VL - 22 IS - 3 KW - Biological transducer KW - Hemoglobins KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Nitrates KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Oxygen KW - Redox reactions KW - Toxicology KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Physiology KW - Toxicity KW - Chemical modification KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16899718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ARTIF+CELLS+BLOOD+SUBSTITUTES+IMMOBILIZATION+BIOTECHNOL&rft.atitle=Redox+reactivity+of+modified+hemoglobins+with+hydrogen+peroxide+and+nitric+oxide%3A+toxicological+implications&rft.au=Alayash%2C+AI%3BRyan%2C+BABrockner%3BFrantantoni%2C+J+C%3BCashon%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Alayash&rft.aufirst=AI&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ARTIF+CELLS+BLOOD+SUBSTITUTES+IMMOBILIZATION+BIOTECHNOL&rft.issn=10731199&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of porphyria cutanea tarda in U.S. workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin AN - 16888545; 3577724 AB - A cross-sectional medical study was performed to evaluate whether occupational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-contaminated substances is associated with porphyria cutanea tarda or porphyrinuria. The exposed participants were employed more than 15 years earlier in the manufacture of sodium trichlorophenol and its derivatives. The referent group consisted of individuals with no occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides. A total of 281 workers and 260 referents participated. The pattern of urinary porphyrin excretion for each participant was assessed to determine if symptomatic or subclinical porphyria cutanea tarda was present. None of the participants were found to have symptomatic porphyria cutanea tarda. No difference was found between workers and referents in the prevalence of subclinical porphyria cutanea tarda (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19, 4.54). There were also no differences in the risk between workers and referents for an out-of-range urinary uroporphyrin or coproporphyrin concentration. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Calvert, G M AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Fingerhut, MA AU - Hornung, R W AU - Halperin, W E AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., R-16, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 559 EP - 571 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - TCDD KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - porphyria KW - occupational exposure KW - H SI0.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16888545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+porphyria+cutanea+tarda+in+U.S.+workers+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BFingerhut%2C+MA%3BHornung%2C+R+W%3BHalperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - porphyria; TCDD; occupational exposure; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herpes virus infection and repair in cells pretreated with gilvocarcin V or merocyanine 540 and radiation AN - 16868015; 3578230 AB - Pretreatment of mammalian cells with certain genotoxic agents decreases the ability of the cell monolayers to support virus plaque formation but enhances repair of UV-irradiated virus. This study was made to determine whether these phenomena extend to pretreatments with light and photosensitizers, including one dye that primarily affects cell membranes. Confluent CV-1 monkey kidney fibroblast monolayers were pretreated with either gilvocarcin V (GV) or merocyanine 540 (MC540) and light of appropriate wavelengths and infected with control or UV-irradiated herpes simplex virus (HSV). GV phototreatment is known to affect cells at the DNA level, and MC540 at the membrane level. UV radiation served as a positive control pretreatment. Phototoxic concentrations of GV and MC540 were determined via the capacity of pretreated cell monolayers to support plaque formation by unirradiated HSV. Parallel monolayer pretreatment and subsequent infection by UV-irradiated HSV demonstrated that both types of phototreatments enhanced virus survival, but the dose responses and time courses were different. The DNA-damaging GV phototreatment mimicked the effect of UV-irradiating the cells and produced delayed enhanced repair of UV-irradiated virus. However, the MC540-phototreatment produced enhancement of virus survival with a bimodal dose response pattern for immediate infection, suggesting a different route for affecting repair of damaged virus. JF - Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology AU - Lytle, C D AU - Routson, L B AU - Prodouz, K N AD - Cent. Devices and Radiol. Health, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 57 EP - 62 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1011-1344, 1011-1344 KW - gilvocarcin V KW - merocyanine 540 KW - monkeys KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - treatment KW - DNA repair KW - U.V. radiation KW - fibroblasts KW - infection KW - herpes simplex virus KW - V 22023:Virus behavior in cell culture KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - N 14652:DNA repair UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16868015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Photochemistry+and+Photobiology+B%3A+Biology&rft.atitle=Herpes+virus+infection+and+repair+in+cells+pretreated+with+gilvocarcin+V+or+merocyanine+540+and+radiation&rft.au=Lytle%2C+C+D%3BRoutson%2C+L+B%3BProdouz%2C+K+N&rft.aulast=Lytle&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Analyst&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herpes simplex virus; infection; DNA repair; U.V. radiation; treatment; fibroblasts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - beta -Carotene inhibition of chemically induced toxicity in vivo and in vitro AN - 16862522; 3575028 AB - In the past several years there has been a great deal of interest in the antioxidant beta -carotene and other micronutrients for their protective potential against various toxic insults. Two studies concerning the protective effects of beta -carotene, which were conducted in our laboratory, are reported here. The first involved the role of beta -carotene in modifying two-stage skin tumorigenesis initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and promoted by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, TPA). In this study, the protective effects of two types of dietary beta -carotene, a beadlet formulation and crystalline beta -carotene, were compared in two strains of mice (Skh:HR-1 and CR:ORL Sencar). Mice were maintained on food fortified with 3% beta -carotene or on control diets. Mice receiving the beta -carotene-supplemented diets had fewer tumours than mice in the control groups. However, only in the Skin strain of mice was this difference statistically significant. In the second study, an in vitro experiment, BALBc 3T3 mouse fibroblasts were used to determine beta -carotene's accumulation in cells and the ability of these cells to metabolize beta -carotene to vitamin A. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Kornhauser, A AU - Wamer, W G AU - Lambert, LA AU - Wei, R R AD - Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 149 EP - 154 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - beta -carotene KW - effects on KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - in vitro KW - xenobiotics KW - in vivo KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16862522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=beta+-Carotene+inhibition+of+chemically+induced+toxicity+in+vivo+and+in+vitro&rft.au=Kornhauser%2C+A%3BWamer%2C+W+G%3BLambert%2C+LA%3BWei%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Kornhauser&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - xenobiotics; toxicity; in vivo; in vitro ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunoblot analyses of chimpanzee sera after infection and after immunization and challenge with Mycoplasma pneumoniae AN - 16856900; 3574156 AB - Consecutive weekly or biweekly serum specimens obtained during a 3- or 4-month study from 16 chimpanzees were examined by immunoblot analyses to identify the immunogenic components of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Six experimentally infected chimpanzees showed significant signs of overt disease, including cough, pharyngitis, rhinitis, fever, and loss of appetite. The sera of these infected chimpanzees recognized from 17 to 20 protein bands. Two control chimpanzees that were not inoculated were included in the study. Three chimpanzees immunized with a formalin-inactivated OSU-1A vaccine and three chimpanzees immunized with an experimental acellular vaccine showed minimal signs of disease on challenge. After challenge, the serum immunoblot responses of the immunized chimpanzees were similar to those of the infected chimpanzees. Before challenge, the sera of two previously infected chimpanzees recognized protein bands of 169 (which comigrated with the P1 adhesin), 148, 130, 117, 86, 61, 44, 35, 30, and 29 kDa. After challenge, the previously infected chimpanzees showed the most intense serum immunoblot responses and were most protected against colonization and disease. The sera from each of the 16 chimpanzees examined recognized a large number of immunogenic components, and the serum immunoblot responses were virtually identical to those of patients. Sera from each chimpanzee and patient recognized 169-, 148-, 130-, 117-, 86-, 44-, and 35-kDa bands and many of them recognized 67-, 63-, 61-, 56-, 32-, 30-, and 29-kDa protein bands. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Franzoso, G AU - Hu, P-C AU - Meloni, G A AU - Barile, M F AD - Lab. Mycoplasma, Div. Bact. Prod., Cent. Biol. Evaluation Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1008 EP - 1014 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - immunization KW - Western blotting KW - challenge KW - immunoblotting KW - serum KW - Mycoplasma pneumoniae KW - Pan troglodytes KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16856900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Immunoblot+analyses+of+chimpanzee+sera+after+infection+and+after+immunization+and+challenge+with+Mycoplasma+pneumoniae&rft.au=Franzoso%2C+G%3BHu%2C+P-C%3BMeloni%2C+G+A%3BBarile%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Franzoso&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1008&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pan troglodytes; immunization; challenge; serum; immunoblotting; Western blotting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterium-host cell interactions at the cellular level: Fluorescent labeling of bacteria and analysis of short-term bacterium-phagocyte interaction by flow cytometry AN - 16854415; 3571148 AB - Flow cytometry is a potentially powerful tool for analyzing the interactions of facultative intracellular bacteria and macrophages on a cellular level, particularly when fluorochromes are used to label the bacteria. We labeled Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium with a lipophilic dye, PKH-2, and used flow cytometry to investigate phagocytosis by J774A.1 cells and short-term bacterial survival. Labeled and unlabeled bacteria were identical in terms of viability, growth kinetics, and survival within macrophages, although recovery per macrophage was much greater for L. monocytogenes than for S. typhimurium. Using L. monocytogenes as a prototypical facultative intracellular bacterium, we estimated bacterial survival during phagocytosis on the basis of linear fluorescence measurements of infected J774A.1 cells and recovery of L. monocytogenes from sorted cells. The results indicated that survival of L. monocytogenes was dependent on the adaptations of a small fraction of bacteria within a population of macrophages which permit intracellular growth. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Raybourne, R B AU - Bunning, V K AD - FDA, Immunobiol. Branch, MOD I, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 665 EP - 672 VL - 62 IS - 2 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - fluorescent labelling KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - phagocytes KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - cell interactions KW - flow cytometry KW - macrophages KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16854415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Bacterium-host+cell+interactions+at+the+cellular+level%3A+Fluorescent+labeling+of+bacteria+and+analysis+of+short-term+bacterium-phagocyte+interaction+by+flow+cytometry&rft.au=Raybourne%2C+R+B%3BBunning%2C+V+K&rft.aulast=Raybourne&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=665&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella typhimurium; phagocytes; cell interactions; flow cytometry; macrophages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injury hazards in the construction industry AN - 16853117; 3569862 AB - Although many occupational injury studies have been conducted on the construction industry, fatal injuries and lost work time injuries in this industry continue to rank among the highest in the nation. This paper presents an analysis of nonfatal (1981 through 1986) and fatal (1980 through 1989) traumatic occupational injuries in the construction industry using the Supplementary Data System and the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities data bases. The lost workday case rate in construction was 10.1 per 100 full-time workers, which was nearly 2.5 times the occupational injury rate for all industries combined. The construction industry had an overall fatality rate of 25.6 per 100,000 full-time workers. This rate was more than 3.5 times the occupational fatality rate for all industries in the United States for the same period. To prevent occupational injuries and fatalities in the construction industry, intervention measures need to target specific occupations: machine operators, transportation workers, and craftspeople. Intervention measures also need to target such causes of injury as falls, electrocutions, and motor vehicle incidents. JF - J. OCCUP. MED. AU - Kisner, S M AU - Fosbroke, DE AD - Surveillance and Field Invest. Branch, Div. Saf. Res., ALOSH, NIOSH, CDC, 944 Chestnut Ridge Rd., Morgantown, WV, 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 137 EP - 143 VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - occupational safety KW - construction industry KW - hazards KW - injuries KW - mortality KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H SI1.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16853117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+OCCUP.+MED.&rft.atitle=Injury+hazards+in+the+construction+industry&rft.au=Kisner%2C+S+M%3BFosbroke%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Kisner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+OCCUP.+MED.&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mortality; construction industry; injuries; hazards; occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Bordetella pertussis infection by shared-primer PCR AN - 16852137; 3574139 AB - A shared-primer PCR method for the detection of infection was developed by using primers derived from DNA sequences upstream of the structural genes for the porin proteins of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis. This method resulted in a 159-bp PCR product specific for B. pertussis and a 121-bp DNA fragment specific for B. parapertussis and allowed for the simultaneous detection of these pathogens. The PCR procedure was shown to be very specific since no PCR product was obtained from 36 non-Bordetella bacterial DNAs. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from children suspected of having pertussis were evaluated by the PCR method, culture, and the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell assay, which detects pertussis toxin. B. pertussis was cultured from 119 of 205 NPAs assayed, and the presence of pertussis toxin was detected in 69 of the NPAs by the CHO cell assay. When ethidium bromide staining was used to detect PCR products, 100 NPAs gave positive results by shared-primer PCR; 94 of these NPAs were also positive by culture. The result indicated a sensitivity of 79% for PCR when culture was used as the standard. The sensitivity of PCR was increased to 95% when a digoxigenin immunoblot system was used. An additional 20 NPAs from patients with suspected pertussis that were culture negative also gave positive results by PCR. The specific and sensitive PCR method described here should be useful for both the clinical diagnosis of pertussis and case identification in vaccine trials. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Li, Z AU - Jansen, D L AU - Finn, T M AU - Halperin, SA AU - Kasina, A AU - O'Connor, S P AU - Aoyama, T AU - Manclark, C R AU - Brennan, MJ AD - Lab. Pertussis, Div. Bact. Prod., Cent. Biol. Eval. Res., U.S. FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 783 EP - 789 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - identification KW - infection KW - proteins KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16852137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Bordetella+pertussis+infection+by+shared-primer+PCR&rft.au=Li%2C+Z%3BJansen%2C+D+L%3BFinn%2C+T+M%3BHalperin%2C+SA%3BKasina%2C+A%3BO%27Connor%2C+S+P%3BAoyama%2C+T%3BManclark%2C+C+R%3BBrennan%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=783&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; infection; identification; polymerase chain reaction; proteins; nucleotide sequence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury deaths among females. The US experience for the decade 1980 to 1989 AN - 16850677; 3570362 AB - Research has demonstrated that the occupational fatality experience of females is not adequately described by the group of all workers. The leading cause of death for all workers is motor vehicle incidents, while the leading cause of occupational injury death of females is homicide. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has compiled a decade of data on the fatal occupational injury experience of US workers, providing a sufficient number of female cases to allow separate analyses. Over the decade, 3821 females died as a result of injuries sustained at work, with an average annual fatality rate of 0.82/100,000 female workers. Among industries, retail trade and services accounted for nearly half of all occupational injury deaths to females. The detailed occupations with the highest rates of work-related injury death were airplane pilots and navigators, drivers of heavy trucks, construction laborers, and police and detectives. Information on the causes of work-related injury death by occupation is fundamental to the prevention of these deaths. The causes of death in the highest-risk occupations included aircraft crashes, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrians struck by motor vehicles, and homicides by firearms. These data provide a foundation for the prevention of occupational injury deaths among females in the United States. JF - Annals of Epidemiology AU - Jenkins, EL AD - NIOSH/Div. Saf. Res., 944 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 146 EP - 151 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1047-2797, 1047-2797 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - occupational safety KW - USA KW - injuries KW - mortality KW - females KW - H SI0.4:ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16850677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+deaths+among+females.+The+US+experience+for+the+decade+1980+to+1989&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=10472797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; mortality; occupational safety; injuries; females ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-response relationship in skin sensitization AN - 16849268; 3572389 AB - The dose-response relationship (challenge phase) of the skin sensitization response was investigated in previously sensitized Hartley guinea pigs. Larger numbers of animals were used per group at the lower doses so that statistically significant observations could be made. Model compounds known to be skin sensitizers were used: a strong sensitizer, dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), and a weaker sensitizer, p-phenylenediamine (PPDA). A gradation in response to changing DNCB doses was easily observed by using either the open epicutaneous test (OET) or the Buehler occlusive patch test. The Buehler test was used to study the dose-response relationship of DNCB sensitization. The sensitivity of the OET and Buehler test was judged not adequate to measure the dose response for PPDA, because at high doses a high incidence of responders was not obtained. Therefore, the maximization test was used to evaluate PPDA. Similar, non-linear dose-response curves were obtained with each compound. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Bronaugh, R L AU - Roberts, C D AU - McCoy, J L AD - Div. Sci. and Appl. Technol., Cosmet. Toxicol. Branch, HFS-128, FDA, 200 C St. SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 113 EP - 117 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - dose-response relationships KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - sensitization KW - xenobiotics KW - skin KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16849268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Dose-response+relationship+in+skin+sensitization&rft.au=Bronaugh%2C+R+L%3BRoberts%2C+C+D%3BMcCoy%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Bronaugh&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - skin; sensitization; xenobiotics; toxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transgenic fish: Safe to eat? A look at the safety considerations regarding food transgenics AN - 16842554; 3567058 AB - Some of the food safety questions that may arise in connection with transgenic fish are reviewed here. Although this article does not address the potential impacts of transgenesis on the nutrient quality of the fish or possible environmental effects, it does extend to the food safety evaluation of transgenic fish the approach used to compare transgenic land animals with their traditional counterparts. Fish provide a particularly interesting example because of the presence of toxins in some species. Many commonly consumed fish species are occasionally associated with toxins, and fish are "bracketed" by toxin-producing neighbors in the evolutionary hierarchy. This raises the question about the possibility of transgenes "turning on" unexpressed genes for toxins in species of fish in which they are not normally expressed. However, as discussed in detail below, toxins in common food fish are of exogenous origin and are not produced by fish genes. This discussion of the food safety of transgenic fish is organized around three unique elements of the technology: The safety of the DNA inserted into the fish, the safety of the transgene product, and the safety of unexpected consequences resulting from the insertion of the DNA segment into the recipient chromosome, commonly referred to as pleiotropic effects. The topics are addressed in order of increasing complexity. JF - Bio/Technology (new title: Nature Biotechnology?) AU - Berkowitz, D B AU - Kryspin-Sorensen, I AD - Off. Small Bus. Sci. Trade Affairs, U.S. FDA, (FDA) HF-50, 5600 Fishers Ln. Room 15-61, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 247 EP - 252 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0733-222X, 0733-222X KW - biological poisons KW - fish KW - human food KW - man-induced effects KW - quality assurance KW - resistance KW - transgenic animals KW - transgenic fish KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - growth rate KW - diseases KW - biotechnology KW - food KW - public health KW - Q4 27330:Fish culture KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16842554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bio%2FTechnology+%28new+title%3A+Nature+Biotechnology%3F%29&rft.atitle=Transgenic+fish%3A+Safe+to+eat%3F+A+look+at+the+safety+considerations+regarding+food+transgenics&rft.au=Berkowitz%2C+D+B%3BKryspin-Sorensen%2C+I&rft.aulast=Berkowitz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bio%2FTechnology+%28new+title%3A+Nature+Biotechnology%3F%29&rft.issn=0733222X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biotechnology; biological poisons; quality assurance; food; fish; human food; man-induced effects; growth rate; diseases; public health; resistance; transgenic animals; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Aeromonas hydrophila group AN - 16842322; 3778252 AB - Controversy concerning pathogenicity still remains. At present, there are great difficulties assessing the regulatory significance of Aeromonas species in foods. From a clinical standpoint, no doubt the organism is of great concern to immunocompromised patients with underlying malignancies. Foods containing high levels of Aeromonas species destined for these individuals should be regarded hazardous. On the other hand, the role of foods containing high levels of Aeromonas species destined for healthy individuals is uncertain. Although Aeromonas has been implicated in cases of gastrointestinal illness from foods, the exact mechanism by which Aeromonas species cause disease is not understood fully. Confusion concerning the assessment of pathogenicity remains unsolved. This was made evident in human feeding studies of virulent viable strains of Aeromonas species (high doses ranging from 10 super(4) to 10 super(10)) to 57 volunteers; only 2 developed mild diarrhea. One explanation for the failure of these strains to elicit diarrhea was presented. Kirov et al. observed the inability of Aeromonas species to adhere to the intestinal mucosa. This observation was noted in the shift of pilated environmental isolates toward nonpilated forms once the intestinal tract was infected. The nonpilated forms isolated from stools would be noninfective when used in challenge studies. The objectives of this chapter are to review the available information concerning this emerging recognizable pathogen. The reader is given information needed to assess further epidemiology, pathogenicity, management, detection, and isolation. JF - MARCEL DEKKER, INC., NEW YORK, NY (USA). 1994. AU - Abeyta, C Jr AU - Palumbo, SA AU - Stelma, GN Jr A2 - Hui, YH A2 - Gorham, JR A2 - Murrell, KD A2 - Cliver, DO (eds) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 PB - MARCEL DEKKER, INC., NEW YORK, NY (USA) SN - 0824790634 KW - bacterial diseases KW - detection KW - food poisoning KW - food-borne diseases KW - human food KW - microbial contamination KW - pathogenicity KW - toxins KW - treatment KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - epidemiology KW - pathogens KW - Aeromonas KW - seafood KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - Q1 08621:General KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16842322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Abeyta%2C+C+Jr%3BPalumbo%2C+SA%3BStelma%2C+GN+Jr&rft.aulast=Abeyta&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0824790634&rft.btitle=Aeromonas+hydrophila+group&rft.title=Aeromonas+hydrophila+group&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Histidine 21 does not play a major role in diphtheria toxin catalysis AN - 16842225; 3567790 AB - It has been proposed that the histidine at position 21 (H21) of the diphtheria toxin A subunit (DTA) plays an important role in the ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) activity of the toxin. The region of DT encompassing H21 demonstrates sequence similarity with other toxins exhibiting ADPRT activity, is located along the catalytic cleft of DTA, and when H21 is chemically modified, ADPRT activity is abolished. H21 was mutagenized by a polymerase chain reaction-based system whereby all alternative amino acids were substituted in place of the histidine. The majority of the substitutions virtually abolished enzymatic activity, the exception being a mutant in which H21 was replaced with asparagine (DTA-H21N). This mutant demonstrated only a slight increase in K sub(m) and relatively small decreases in both reaction rate (k sub(cat)) and catalytic efficiency (k sub(cat)/K sub(m)). Asparagine is a sterically conserved substitution, but its side-chain is unable to replace the imidazole group of histidine in general acid-base mechanisms or to participate in electrostatic interactions. This suggests that H21 is important in maintaining a steric conformation required for catalysis rather than in participating in an electrostatic or acid-base type of exchange. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Johnson, V G AU - Nicholls, P J AD - Lab. Bact. Toxins, Div. Bact. Prod., CBER, FDA, Build. 29, Rm. 103, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 4349 EP - 4354 VL - 269 IS - 6 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - histidine KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - toxins KW - mutagenesis KW - enzymatic activity KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae KW - kinetics KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16842225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Histidine+21+does+not+play+a+major+role+in+diphtheria+toxin+catalysis&rft.au=Johnson%2C+V+G%3BNicholls%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=4349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Corynebacterium diphtheriae; toxins; kinetics; enzymatic activity; mutagenesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Completeness of adverse drug experience reporting to the EDA: II. A comparison of manufacturer and direct reports on new molecular entities AN - 16840024; 3565543 AB - Two channels for reporting domestic, spontaneous adverse drug experiences (ADEs) on Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Form 1639 were compared for completeness: 1639 reports submitted directly by health professionals to the FDA versus ADE concerns communicated by health professionals to manufacturers who then sent this information on 1639 forms to the FDA. These two channels were compared on ADE reporting completeness for the first three years of marketing for new molecular entities (NMEs) approved in 1988 and 1989. Completion rates were computed for those FDA-computerized fields on the 1639 form for which completion is not required for data entry (eg, age, sex, ADE onset date) but is necessary for pharmacoepidemiological studies. The two channels were also compared on completion rates for reports containing outcomes of death or hospitalization. JF - Drug Information Journal AU - Britt, AL AU - Knapp, DE AD - HFD-737, FDA, 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 315 EP - 321 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0092-8615, 0092-8615 KW - FDA KW - reporting KW - government policy KW - federal policies KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - side effects KW - USA KW - drugs KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16840024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.atitle=Completeness+of+adverse+drug+experience+reporting+to+the+EDA%3A+II.+A+comparison+of+manufacturer+and+direct+reports+on+new+molecular+entities&rft.au=Britt%2C+AL%3BKnapp%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Britt&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.issn=00928615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; drugs; side effects; federal policies; government policy ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Yersinia AN - 16839412; 3778253 AB - In the United States, there are an estimated 3000 to 20,000 cases of yersiniosis per year; therefore, Yersinia species are not frequent causes of foodborne diseases. However, within the past 15 years, 4 outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by Y. enterocolitica were traced to contaminated water and a variety of dairy products and sporadic infections by Y. enterocolitica continue to be a common problem in Scandinavia and Northern Europe. Incidences of waterborne and foodborne infections caused by Y. pseudotuberculosis also have been prevalent in Japan. Yersinia species are ubiquitous and may be found in water, soil, vegetables, milk, and a wide variety of meats, but the only known reservoir for Y. enterocolitica is pork. Isolation of Yersinia species from foods requires a lengthy cold enrichment followed by alkali treatment before plating on selective medium to isolate the organism. Presence of Yersinia species in foods is not always associated with disease because most Yersinia are not virulent. Therefore, all isolates from foods need to be tested for pathogenicity. Pathogenic factors of Yersinia species include an enterotoxin, cellular invasion, and several plasmid-encoded virulence phenotypes. In this chapter, we review Yersinia with respect to foodborne diseases with emphasis on the wealth of recent genetic findings on the various virulence factors associated with these foodborne pathogens. Production of V (protein) and W (lipoprotein) antigens long have been recognized as virulence-associated properties of Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis. Studies on the virulence of Y. enterocolitica serotype O : 8 showed that the production of V and W antigens were associated closely with calcium-dependent growth at 37 degree C, which was in turn dependent on the presence of a 42-MDa plasmid. The correlation of this plasmid with the production of virulence antigens, and with the pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica, was verified later by genetic studies and mice models. JF - DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA. 1994. AU - Feng, P AU - Weagant, S D A2 - Hui, YH A2 - Gorham, JR A2 - Murrell, KD A2 - Cliver, DO (eds) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 PB - MARCEL DEKKER, INC., NEW YORK, NY (USA) SN - 0824790634 KW - V antigen KW - W antigen KW - food poisoning KW - food-borne diseases KW - human food KW - man KW - microbial contamination KW - microbiological analysis KW - plasmids KW - virulence KW - yersiniosis KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - endotoxins KW - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis KW - Yersinia enterocolitica KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16839412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Feng%2C+P%3BWeagant%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0824790634&rft.btitle=Yersinia&rft.title=Yersinia&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a personal data logging monitor for carbon monoxide AN - 16835240; 3771877 AB - Personal data logging monitors provide real-time measurement of pollutants and have the ability to store data over an extended period of time. As such, they can be used to provide warning to workers that high concentrations are present, as well as allowing the assessment of long-term worker exposure. The performance characteristics of these monitors are fundamental to the determination of the accuracy of the warning and exposure measurement data. In this study, the performance characteristics of one type of personal carbon monoxide (CO) data logger (Draeger 190) were evaluated. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Smith, J P AU - Shulman, SA AD - Div. Phys. Sci. and Eng., NIOSH, CDCP, Public Health Serv., DHHS, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 418 EP - 427 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - safety systems KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - data collection KW - air pollution measurements KW - monitoring instruments KW - carbon monoxide KW - occupational exposure KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H SI0.13:INSTRUMENTATION, DEVICES AND CONTROLS KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16835240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+personal+data+logging+monitor+for+carbon+monoxide&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+P%3BShulman%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon monoxide; air pollution measurements; monitoring instruments; occupational exposure; data collection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temafloxacin syndrome: Review of 95 cases AN - 16834235; 3770635 AB - Four months after its approval in the United States, temafloxacin was withdrawn from the market worldwide because of frequent reports of serious hemolysis with or without other organ system dysfunction. We describe this "temafloxacin syndrome" on the basis of a review of 95 spontaneous reports of hemolysis sent to the Food and Drug Administration. Patients typically presented with fever, chills, and jaundice a mean of 6.4 days after starting therapy. A moderate degree of hemolysis was reflected by the mean drop in hemoglobin level (by 42 g/L) and by the mean lowest concentration of hemoglobin (97 g/L). New-onset renal dysfunction was noted in 54 cases (57%), and dialysis was required in 34 cases (63%). Coagulopathy was noted in 33 cases (35%), and 48 cases (51%) met the criteria for hepatic dysfunction. Four patients developed central nervous system complications, and two patients died. Prior quinolone use was more common among patients who developed hemolysis after only one dose as opposed to two or more doses (P < .001). These data suggest that temafloxacin causes immune hemolytic anemia, most likely secondary to immune complex formation. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Blum, MD AU - Graham, D J AU - McCloskey, CA AD - Div. Anti-Infect. Drug Prod., HFD-520, FDA, 5600 Fishers Ln., Rm. 12B-45, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 946 EP - 950 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - temafloxacin KW - antibiotics KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - side effects KW - hemolysis KW - hemoglobin KW - man KW - X 24116:Hematology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16834235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Temafloxacin+syndrome%3A+Review+of+95+cases&rft.au=Blum%2C+MD%3BGraham%2C+D+J%3BMcCloskey%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Blum&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=946&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - man; side effects; hemolysis; hemoglobin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manganese exposure in the manufacture of plywood: An unsuspected health hazard AN - 16821541; 3760812 AB - Exposure to manganese and the occupational disease manganism is commonly associated with exposure to dusts and fumes during extraction of manganese ore, in steelmaking operations, in welding operations, or in the manufacture of dry cell batteries. Manganese exposure has not previously been associated with manufacturing of plywood. The results of this investigation by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) indicate that exposure to manganese-containing dust is occurring in the wood products industry, an occupation not suspected of having exposure to this metal. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Esswein, E J AD - NIOSH, Hazard Eval. and Tech. Assistance Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 745 EP - 751 VL - 9 IS - 11 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - plywood KW - manganese KW - lumber industry KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - wood KW - dust KW - occupational exposure KW - H SI1.23:LUMBER INDUSTRIES KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16821541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Regulatory+considerations+for+nucleic+acid+vaccines&rft.au=Smith%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - manganese; occupational exposure; wood; dust; lumber industry; man ER - TY - PAT T1 - Sensitive diagnostic test for Lyme disease AN - 16817417; 3764473 AB - An isolated DNA segment consisting of the DNA sequence given which hybridizes with DNA of Borrelia burgdorferi origin, and which does not cross hybridize with other Borrelia species. AU - Rosa, P A PY - 1994 IS - US Patent 5,279,938 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - patents KW - Lyme disease KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16817417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sensitive+diagnostic+test+for+Lyme+disease&rft.au=Rosa%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Rosa&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 435/6; Int. Cl. C12Q 1/68; C12P 19/34; C07H 5/04, 17/00. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae in Texas Gulf Coast dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) AN - 16816679; 3549555 AB - Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae commonly found in water, sediment, shellfish and birds along the northern Gulf of Mexico coastline, was isolated from the anus and/or blowhole of five apparently healthy Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Jul 1992, in Matagorda Bay, Texas. Non-O1 V. cholerae is an emerging pathogen that can cause extraintestinal infections as well as gastroenteritis in humans. Most human infections are related to contact with the aquatic environment. Dolphins may provide a continuing source of non-O1 V. cholerae to the environment. The extent of the spread of the organism is probably influenced by the limited home range of the dolphins. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Buck, J D AU - McCarthy, SA AD - FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 45 EP - 46 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - distribution records KW - marine mammals KW - microbiological analysis KW - occurrence KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - disease transmission KW - Tursiops truncatus KW - food poisoning KW - biotechnology KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - marine environment KW - USA, Texas KW - ASW, USA, Texas, Matagorda Bay KW - public health KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q1 08202:Geographical distribution KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q1 08371:General KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16816679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Furazolidone+disposition+after+intravascular+and+oral+dosing+in+the+channel+catfish&rft.au=Plakas%2C+S+M%3BEl+Said%2C+KR%3BStehly%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1095&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biotechnology; microbiological analysis; pathogenic bacteria; disease transmission; distribution records; marine environment; marine mammals; food poisoning; public health; occurrence; Vibrio cholerae; Tursiops truncatus; USA, Texas; ASW, USA, Texas, Matagorda Bay; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of chromosome loss in yeast by combined treatment with neurotoxic hexacarbons and monoketones AN - 16815274; 3766244 AB - The neurotoxic hexacarbon compounds n-hexane, 2-hexanone and 2,5-hexanedione were tested in combination with acetone and methyl ethyl ketone for the potential to induce chromosome loss in strain D61.M of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. n-Hexane and 2-hexanone, alone or in combination, induced only marginally positive chromosome loss, whereas the metabolite and presumed proximal genetically active agent 2,5-hexanedione was strongly positive when tested alone and in combination. These observations are discussed in relation to the reported potentiation of the neurotoxic effects of these hexacarbons when exposure results from combinations with other solvents, e.g., acetone and methyl ethyl ketone. Treatments that result in neurotoxicity in experimental animals and humans and those that result in chromosome loss in a yeast genetic test system may be correlated by their activity on a common intracellular target. JF - Mutation Research AU - Mayer, V W AU - Goin, C J AD - Genet. Toxicol. Branch, Div. Mol. Biol. Res. and Eval., Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, 200 C St., SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 83 EP - 91 VL - 341 IS - 2 SN - 0165-1218, 0165-1218 KW - monoketones KW - acetonylacetone KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - neurotoxins KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - solvents KW - chromosome number KW - aneuploidy KW - N3 11101:General KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16815274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Induction+of+chromosome+loss+in+yeast+by+combined+treatment+with+neurotoxic+hexacarbons+and+monoketones&rft.au=Mayer%2C+V+W%3BGoin%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=341&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=01651218&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Saccharomyces cerevisiae; chromosome number; neurotoxins; solvents; aneuploidy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Densities of Vibrio vulnificus in the intestines of fish from the U.S. Gulf Coast AN - 16806199; 3553750 AB - Densities of Vibrio vulnificus in the intestinal contents of various finfish, oysters, and crabs and in sediment and waters of the U.S. Gulf Coast were determined by the most probable number procedure. Species were identified by enzyme immunoassay. During the winter, densities of V. vulnificus were low, and the organism was isolated more frequently from sheepshead fish than from sediment and seawater. From April to October, V. vulnificus densities were considerably higher (2 to 5 logs) in estuarine fish than in surrounding water, sediment, or nearby oysters and crustacea. Highest densities were found in the intestinal contents of certain bottom-feeding fish (10 super(8)/100 g), particularly those that consume mollusks and crustaceans. Densities of V. vulnificus in fish that feed primarily on plankton and other finfish were similar to those in oysters, sediment, and crabs (10 super(5)/100 g). V. vulnificus was found infrequently in offshore fish. The presence of high densities of V. vulnificus in the intestines of common estuarine fish may have both ecological (growth and transport) and public health (food and wound infections) implications. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - DePaola, A AU - Capers, G M AU - Alexander, D AD - FDA Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528 Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 984 EP - 988 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - bacterial diseases KW - brackishwater fish KW - density KW - disease detection KW - enzyme immunoassay KW - fish KW - intestine KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - ASW, USA, Alabama KW - population density KW - USA, Gulf Coast KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - seafood KW - public health KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16806199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Densities+of+Vibrio+vulnificus+in+the+intestines+of+fish+from+the+U.S.+Gulf+Coast&rft.au=DePaola%2C+A%3BCapers%2C+G+M%3BAlexander%2C+D&rft.aulast=DePaola&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=984&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - population density; density; seafood; fish; brackishwater fish; disease detection; bacterial diseases; public health; intestine; enzyme immunoassay; Vibrio vulnificus; ASW, Mexico Gulf; ASW, USA, Alabama; USA, Gulf Coast; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the development of antifungal agents: Perspective of the U.S. food and drug administration AN - 16804588; 3749923 AB - As medical advances have prolonged the lives of patients with cancer, recipients of organ transplants, and patients with AIDS, there has been a marked increase in the number of fungal infections. Because of the known toxicity associated with amphotericin B, which has been the mainstay of therapy for systemic fungal infections, there has been a pressing need for regimens that are more effective and less toxic and that are more easily complied with by patients. This article provides a brief overview of the regulatory process of drug approval and discusses issues specific to the design of clinical trials for the treatment of systemic fungal diseases. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Wu, T C AD - Div. Antiviral Drug Prod., U.S. FDA, 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 VL - 19 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - antifungal agents KW - safety regulations KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16804588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=On+the+development+of+antifungal+agents%3A+Perspective+of+the+U.S.+food+and+drug+administration&rft.au=Wu%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+1+Sul.&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antifungal agents; safety regulations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproducibility of the dose-response curve of steroid-induced cleft palate in mice AN - 16803506; 3755233 AB - Pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to cortisone acetate at doses ranging from 20 to 100 mg/kg/day on days 10-13 by oral and intramuscular routes. Multiple replicate assays were conducted under identical conditions to assess the reproducibility of the dose-response curve for cleft palate. The data were fitted to the probit, logistic, multistage or Armitage-Doll, and Weibull dose-response model separately for each route of exposure. The curves were then tested for parallel slopes (probit and logistic models) or coincidence of model parameters (multistage and Weibull models). The 19 replicate experiments had a wide range of slope estimates, wider for the oral than for the intramuscular experiments. For all models and both routes of exposure the null hypothesis of equality of slopes was rejected at a significant level of p < 0.001. For the intramuscular group of replicates, rejection of slope equality could in part be explained by not maintaining a standard dosing regime. The rejection of equivalence of dose-response curves from replicate studies showed that it is difficult to reproduce dose-response data of a single study within the limits defined by the dose-response model. This has important consequences for quantitative risk assessment, public health measures, or development of mechanistic theories which are typically based on a single animal bioassay. JF - Risk Analysis AU - Freni, S C AU - Razzaghi, M AU - Moore, GE AD - Div. Biometry and Risk Assess., Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1073 EP - 1077 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - steroids KW - cortisone KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - cleft lip/palate KW - teratogenicity KW - X 24112:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16803506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Reproducibility+of+the+dose-response+curve+of+steroid-induced+cleft+palate+in+mice&rft.au=Freni%2C+S+C%3BRazzaghi%2C+M%3BMoore%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Freni&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1073&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cleft lip/palate; teratogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relation between maternal age and serum concentration of IgG antibody to type III group B streptococci AN - 16792728; 3744954 AB - Coded serum samples collected from healthy obstetric patients at delivery were examined by ELISA for IgG antibody to the purified type III polysaccharide of group B streptococci. When 217 patients were divided into 4 groups according to age (group I = 16-20 years, n = 56; group II = 21-25, n = 53; group III = 26-30, n = 54; group IV = 31-35, n = 54), antibody concentrations were significantly lower in group I than in older patients. Fewer subjects in group I had measurable antibody levels ( greater than or equal to 0.05 mu g/mL) than in groups II-IV (41% vs. 76%). The geometric mean in group I (0.09 mu g/mL) was significantly lower than in the older groups (0.23, 0.19, and 0.20 mu g/mL, respectively) with little or no overlap of the 95% confidence limits (1.96 SE) about the means. These findings may be relevant to the observation of a significantly greater risk of both early- and late-onset group B streptococcal disease in infants of teenage mothers. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Anthony, B F AU - Concepcion, I E AU - Concepcion, N F AU - Vadheim, C M AU - Tiwari, J AD - Div. Bact. Products, Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 717 EP - 720 VL - 170 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - polysaccharides KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus KW - immunoglobulin G KW - antibodies KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06039:IgG UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16792728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Relation+between+maternal+age+and+serum+concentration+of+IgG+antibody+to+type+III+group+B+streptococci&rft.au=Anthony%2C+B+F%3BConcepcion%2C+I+E%3BConcepcion%2C+N+F%3BVadheim%2C+C+M%3BTiwari%2C+J&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=170&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus; antibodies; immunoglobulin G; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hfr mapping of mutations in Bordetella pertussis that define a genetic locus involved in virulence gene regulation AN - 16792467; 3752185 AB - We report the development of techniques for the genetic mapping of point mutations in the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis. A plasmid vector which is self-transmissible by conjugation and which, by insertion into the B. pertussis chromosome, can mobilize chromosomal sequences during conjugation with a recipient B. pertussis bacterium has been constructed. This vector is used in conjunction with a set of strains containing kanamycin resistance gene insertions at defined physical locations in the B. pertussis genome. In crosses between these donor strains and a mutant recipient strain, transfer of a chromosomal segment flanking the kanamycin resistance gene insertion is selected for, and the percentage of exconjugants which reacquire the wild-type trait is scored. In this way the linkage of the mutant allele to these markers, and thus the approximate chromosomal position of the mutant allele, is determined. We have used this genetic system to map a newly described locus in B. pertussis involved in the regulation of the virulence genes ptx (pertussis toxin) and cya (adenylate cyclase toxin). JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Stibitz, S AU - Carbonetti, N H AD - Div. Bact. Products, Cent. Biol. Eval. Res. FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 7260 EP - 7266 VL - 176 IS - 23 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - ptx gene KW - pertussis toxin KW - cya gene KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cloning vectors KW - gene mapping KW - point mutation KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - gene regulation KW - N 14682:Cloning vectors KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16792467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Antibody+DTPA-type+ligand+conjugates&rft.au=Gansoh%2C+O+A%3BBrechbiel%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Gansoh&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; gene regulation; gene mapping; point mutation; cloning vectors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell bioassay for the detection of ciguatoxins, brevetoxins, and saxitoxins AN - 16788954; 3746155 AB - An assay has been developed using neuroblastoma cells for detection of sodium channel-specific marine toxins based on an endpoint determination of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity in the presence of veratridine and ouabain. The assay responds in a dose-dependent manner, differentiates the toxic activity as either channel blocking or enhancing, and is highly sensitive. Response to brevetoxins and ciguatoxins is available in 4-6 hr. The method is simple, utilizes commonly available reagents, and requires considerably less sample than mouse bioassay, to which it is suggested as an alternative. JF - Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. Brisbane AU - Manger, R L AU - Leja, L S AU - Lee, SY AU - Hungerford, J M AU - Wekell, M M AD - FDA Seafood Prod. Res. Cent., Bothell, WA 98041-3012, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 571 EP - 575 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0079-8835, 0079-8835 KW - brevetoxin KW - saxitoxin KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - detection KW - biological poisons KW - bioassays KW - poisonous fish KW - ciguatoxin KW - marine fish KW - methodology KW - public health KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16788954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Queensland+Museum.+Brisbane&rft.atitle=Cell+bioassay+for+the+detection+of+ciguatoxins%2C+brevetoxins%2C+and+saxitoxins&rft.au=Manger%2C+R+L%3BLeja%2C+L+S%3BLee%2C+SY%3BHungerford%2C+J+M%3BWekell%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Manger&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memoirs+of+the+Queensland+Museum.+Brisbane&rft.issn=00798835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - detection; biological poisons; poisonous fish; bioassays; ciguatoxin; methodology; marine fish; public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a solid-phase immunobead assay for detection of ciguatera-related biotoxins in Caribbean finfish AN - 16787843; 3746143 AB - Fifty finfish from ciguatera-endemic waters of the US Virgin Is., and a fish remnant from a confirmed case of poisoning were mouse bioassayed. The specimens were then assayed using the Ciguatect (TM) assay with 3 different methods of tissue sampling: single exposure; triple exposure; and single exposure to solvent extract from flesh. Qualitiative statistical analysis ascertained false positive and false negative rates. Positive matches for the 3 methods were 58, 85 and 94 percent respectively, negative matches were 17, 22 and 12 percent. Predictive indices project that high false negative and false positive values might be expected in market situations with Caribbean fishes. JF - Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. Brisbane AU - Dickey, R W AU - Granade, H R AU - McClure, F D AD - FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 481 EP - 488 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0079-8835, 0079-8835 KW - ASW, Lesser Antilles, US Virgin I. KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - detection KW - biological poisons KW - ciguatera KW - bioassays KW - poisonous fish KW - ciguatoxin KW - public health KW - O 1090:Instruments/Methods KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16787843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Queensland+Museum.+Brisbane&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+solid-phase+immunobead+assay+for+detection+of+ciguatera-related+biotoxins+in+Caribbean+finfish&rft.au=Dickey%2C+R+W%3BGranade%2C+H+R%3BMcClure%2C+F+D&rft.aulast=Dickey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memoirs+of+the+Queensland+Museum.+Brisbane&rft.issn=00798835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - 25 ref. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - detection; biological poisons; ciguatera; poisonous fish; bioassays; ciguatoxin; public health; Marine ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Using occupational mortality data for surveillance of work-related diseases of women AN - 16781584; 3742104 AB - A recently developed source of occupational mortality data from 28 states for the years 1979 through 1990 can be used to meet goals for the surveillance of women's work-related diseases. A proportionate cancer mortality ratio analysis is used to illustrate use of the data to address the goals of identifying previously unrecognized work-related disease and targeting consultation or health promotion programs to appropriate occupations. Strengths of the data include broad geographical coverage and coverage of all causes of death and numerous industries and occupations. The data set is current and very large, with annual additions. The data have certain limitations. Death certificate information collected regarding occupation and cause of death may not be accurate; furthermore, death certificates have little information on potential confounding factors, such as smoking. JF - J. OCCUP. MED. Vol. 36, no. 11. 1994. AU - Burnett, CA AU - Dosemeci, M A2 - Pottern, LM A2 - Zahn, SH (eds) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 KW - occupational health KW - data collection KW - data collections KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - statistical analysis KW - females KW - diseases KW - occupational diseases KW - mortality KW - cancer KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H SI0.2:DATA ANALYSIS KW - H SM10.21:CANCER UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16781584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Burnett%2C+CA%3BDosemeci%2C+M&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Using+occupational+mortality+data+for+surveillance+of+work-related+diseases+of+women&rft.title=Using+occupational+mortality+data+for+surveillance+of+work-related+diseases+of+women&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in oysters in Mobile Bay, Alabama: An ecological investigation AN - 16778880; 3735557 AB - Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Inaba, resembling the epidemic Latin American strains (C6706, C6707), was recovered from oysters taken from Mobile Bay, Alabama, on five separate occasions between July 1991 and September 1992. Levels of toxigenic V. cholerae in the oysters, estimated by the most probable number procedure, ranged from 10 super(1) to 10 super(7) per 100 g. Isolates characterized by pulsed field gel electrophoresis resembled isolates previously recovered from five cargo ships docked at Gulf of Mexico ports. This study details the first reported isolation of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 from oysters in U.S. coastal waters. As with the Gulf Coast strain, the occurrence of the epidemic strain seems to be sporadic and essentially limited to the warmer months. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Motes, M AU - DePaola, A AU - Zywno-Van Ginkel, S AU - Mcphearson, M AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., U.S. FDA, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 975 EP - 980 VL - 57 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - aquatic ecosystems KW - hazard assessment KW - human food KW - oyster fisheries KW - oysters KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - toxigenicity KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Ostreidae KW - ASW, USA, Alabama KW - geographical distribution KW - USA, Alabama KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - seafood KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - seasonal variations KW - water pollution KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16778880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+toxigenic+Vibrio+cholerae+O1+in+oysters+in+Mobile+Bay%2C+Alabama%3A+An+ecological+investigation&rft.au=Motes%2C+M%3BDePaola%2C+A%3BZywno-Van+Ginkel%2C+S%3BMcphearson%2C+M&rft.aulast=Motes&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenic bacteria; seafood; geographical distribution; seasonal variations; hazard assessment; human food; water pollution; oyster fisheries; toxigenicity; aquatic ecosystems; Vibrio cholerae; Ostreidae; Crassostrea virginica; USA, Alabama; ASW, USA, Alabama; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead poisoning among battery reclamation workers in Alabama AN - 16767126; 3736584 AB - Lead exposures were evaluated at a battery reclamation facility in Alabama. A questionnaire obtained work and health information. Medical tests included blood lead, zinc protoporphyrin, hematocrit, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and uric acid. An investigation of workers' family members and neighborhood residents was conducted. Fourteen of 15 workers had blood lead levels greater than 50 mu g/dL. Zinc protoporphyrin was >79 mu g/dL in 14 workers. Four workers had hematocrit 1.3 mg/dL). Workers' blood lead levels increased significantly over 2 years ( beta = 1.004 mu g/dL per month). Ten workers had elevated air lead levels. Twelve of 16 employee children had blood lead levels >10 mu g/dL; 3 were greater than 40 mu g/dL. Workers' children had significantly higher blood lead levels than did neighborhood comparison children. Reclamation of lead batteries unaccompanied by smelting poses a health hazard to workers and their children. JF - J. OCCUP. MED. AU - Gittleman, J L AU - Engelgau, MM AU - Shaw, J AU - Wille, K K AU - Seligman, P J AD - Med. Sect., Div. Surveillance, Hazard Eval. & Field Stud., NIOSH MS-R21, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 526 EP - 532 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - lead KW - blood analysis KW - materials recovery KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA, Alabama KW - poisoning KW - occupational exposure KW - blood levels KW - recycling KW - batteries KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - H SE3.25:COMPOSTING, RECYCLING, REUSE KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16767126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+OCCUP.+MED.&rft.atitle=Lead+poisoning+among+battery+reclamation+workers+in+Alabama&rft.au=Gittleman%2C+J+L%3BEngelgau%2C+MM%3BShaw%2C+J%3BWille%2C+K+K%3BSeligman%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Gittleman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=526&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+OCCUP.+MED.&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Alabama; lead; poisoning; batteries; recycling; occupational exposure; blood analysis; materials recovery; heavy metals; blood levels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disposition and metabolism of radiolabelled pentachloroanisole in rats and rabbits AN - 16765362; 3731452 AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand White rabbits were administered super(14)C-labelled pentachloroanisole (PCA) in corn oil by gavage as single doses of 25 mg/kg and were then placed in individual metabolism cages for as long as 4 days. Peak blood level of radioactivity occurred 6 hr after administration of the dose to rats and between 3 and 4 hr in rabbits; the blood elimination half-life ranged from 8 to 15 hr in rats and averaged 6 hr in rabbits. Rats excreted an average of 54.2% of the administered radiolabel in the urine and 32.4% in the faeces during the 96 hr following the dose; rabbits excreted an average of 84.2 and 13.1% of the radiolabel in the urine and faeces, respectively, during this time. Examination of the metabolites in the rat showed that 60% of the urinary radioactivity was attributable to tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCH), 3% to free pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 29% to conjugated PCP; faecal metabolites were PCP (85.7%), TCH (4.3%) and polar metabolite(s) (10%). In the rabbit, 58% of the urinary radioactivity was attributable to TCH, 8% to free PCP and 34% to conjugated PCP. Faecal metabolites consisted of PCP and conjugated material. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Ikeda, G J AU - Sapienza, P P AU - Warr, P I AD - Pharmacokinet. and Metab. Branch, Div. Toxicol. Res., Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, 8501 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1137 EP - 1146 VL - 32 IS - 12 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - pentachloroanisole KW - rats KW - rabbits KW - pentachlorophenol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - metabolism KW - fungicides KW - disposition KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16765362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Disposition+and+metabolism+of+radiolabelled+pentachloroanisole+in+rats+and+rabbits&rft.au=Ikeda%2C+G+J%3BSapienza%2C+P+P%3BWarr%2C+P+I&rft.aulast=Ikeda&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolism; disposition; fungicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New vaccine technologies, adjuvants and delivery system AN - 16760713; 3731468 AB - Immunization represents the most cost-effective means to achieve the prevention of infectious diseases. Vaccines successfully protected humans from serious infections resulting in worldwide eradication of smallpox and regional elimination of poliomyelitis. New technologies continue to provide many effective biological products for disease control. Various techniques including recombinant DNA approaches, peptide synthesis chemistry, and immunomodulation have been applied to the development of new vaccines and improvement of existing vaccines. These technologies have constructed avirulent and attenuated strains to be used as live vaccines, as well as provided more effective manufacturing methods to produce protein antigens, bacterial polysaccharides (PS) and PS-protein conjugate vaccines. Adjuvant is an agent added to biologics that augments specific immune responses to antigens. Adjuvants can be divided into several classes including aluminum salts, surface-active agents, bacterial derivatives and slow-release materials. Nonionic block copolymer as a multiple emulsion, and proteinoid microspheres were also developed for use in various vaccines. The ideal vaccine delivery system depends on the capabilities of the controlled delivery system to achieve optimum concentration of antigens, while maintaining vaccine stability under physiological conditions. Microspheres were used for controlled release of antigens whereas peptides of monoclonal antibodies were applied for enhancement of mucosal IgA antibody formation. JF - Journal of Food and Drug Analysis AU - Lee, Chi-Jen AU - Koizumi, M AU - Kosaka, T AD - Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 255 EP - 264 VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1021-9498, 1021-9498 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - immunization KW - vaccines KW - recombinants KW - reviews KW - antibodies KW - DNA KW - immunomodulation KW - adjuvants KW - antigens KW - W3 33240:Immunology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16760713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+and+Drug+Analysis&rft.atitle=New+vaccine+technologies%2C+adjuvants+and+delivery+system&rft.au=Lee%2C+Chi-Jen%3BKoizumi%2C+M%3BKosaka%2C+T&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Chi-Jen&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+and+Drug+Analysis&rft.issn=10219498&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immunization; reviews; recombinants; vaccines; antibodies; immunomodulation; DNA; adjuvants; antigens ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Influence of metabolism in skin on dosimetry after topical exposure AN - 16749695; 3724776 AB - Metabolism of chemicals occurs in skin and therefore should be taken into account when one determines topical exposure dose. Skin metabolism is difficult to measure in vivo because biological specimens may also contain metabolites from other tissues. Metabolism in skin during percutaneous absorption can be studied with viable skin in flow-through diffusion cells. Several compounds metabolized by microsomal enzymes in skin (benzo[a]pyrene and 7-ethoxycoumarin) penetrated human and hairless guinea pig skin predominantly unmetabolized. However, compounds containing a primary amino group (p-aminobenzoic acid, benzocaine, and azo color reduction products) were substrates for acetyltransferase activity in skin and were substantially metabolized during absorption. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model has been developed with an input equation, allowing modeling after topical exposure. Plasma concentrations in the hairless guinea pig were accurately predicted for the model compound, benzoic acid, from in vitro absorption, metabolism, and other pharmacokinetic parameters. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives [ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT.]. Vol. 102, no. 11 Suppl. 1994. AU - Bronaugh, R L AU - Collier, S W AU - Macpherson, SE AU - Kraeling, MEK Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 EP - no. 11 Sul. KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - NIH 94-218 KW - dosimetry KW - mathematical models KW - pharmacokinetics KW - skin KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16749695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Bronaugh%2C+R+L%3BCollier%2C+S+W%3BMacpherson%2C+SE%3BKraeling%2C+MEK&rft.aulast=Bronaugh&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+11+Sul.&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Influence+of+metabolism+in+skin+on+dosimetry+after+topical+exposure&rft.title=Influence+of+metabolism+in+skin+on+dosimetry+after+topical+exposure&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States military casualty comparisons during the Persian Gulf War AN - 16747312; 3722348 AB - The United States undertook an extensive mobilization of military forces in Southwest Asia after the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in August 1990. With this massive buildup and the short duration of the Persian Gulf War, an epidemiological comparison of military casualties was of interest. Information extracted from the Worldwide Casualty System maintained by the Department of Defense was used to describe the casualties. Of the 219 (212 men and 7 women) US casualties, 154 were killed in battle and 65 died from nonbattle causes. Thirty-five of the battle deaths were a result of friendly fire. Eighty-three percent of all casualties were white and the mean age at death for all casualties was 26.9 years. The Army had the highest proportion of both battle (58%) and nonbattle (71%) casualties and the Marine Corps had the highest battle casualty rate (0.52 per 1000 personnel) and nonbattle casualty rate (0.31). JF - J. OCCUP. MED. AU - Helmkamp, J C AD - NIOSH, 944 Chestnut Ridge Rd., MS-180, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 609 EP - 615 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - statistical analysis KW - mortality KW - Kuwait KW - military KW - H SI12.2:DATA ANALYSIS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16747312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+OCCUP.+MED.&rft.atitle=United+States+military+casualty+comparisons+during+the+Persian+Gulf+War&rft.au=Helmkamp%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Helmkamp&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+OCCUP.+MED.&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Kuwait; military; mortality; statistical analysis ER - TY - PAT T1 - DNA encoding an insect octopamine receptor AN - 16743592; 3716322 AU - Venter, J C AU - Fraser, C M AU - McCombie, W R PY - 1994 IS - US Patent 5,344,776 KW - octopamine receptor KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - patents KW - W2 32050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16743592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=DNA+encoding+an+insect+octopamine+receptor&rft.au=Venter%2C+J+C%3BFraser%2C+C+M%3BMcCombie%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Venter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 435/252.3; Int. Cl. C12N 15/12, 15/63. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - PAT T1 - Antibody DTPA-type ligand conjugates AN - 16730694; 3517345 AU - Gansoh, O A AU - Brechbiel, M W PY - 1994 IS - US Patent 5,286,850 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - antibodies KW - patents KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16730694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Antibody+DTPA-type+ligand+conjugates&rft.au=Gansoh%2C+O+A%3BBrechbiel%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Gansoh&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of an antibiotic produced by Alteromonas luteoviolacea Gauthier 1982, 85 isolated from Kinko Bay, Japan AN - 16723000; 3705340 AB - An antibiotic produced by Alteromonas luteoviolacea strain 9K-V10 was recovered after cold acetone precipitation of culture supernatant fluids or lysates that had been frozen and thawed. The precipitate obtained from cell-free lysates was fractionated by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography. Further purification by gel-filtration chromatography yielded a single peak of antibiotic activity that corresponded to a protein peak with a molecular mass of approximately 100 kDa. After non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, antibiotic activity co-migrated with a protein band. The isoelectric point of the antibiotic was estimated to be 7.7. Treatment of the concentrated active fraction with proteinase K or heating at 70 degree C for 10 min resulted in total loss of antibiotic activity. These results show the antibiotic produced by A. luteoviolacea 9K-V10 is of a proteinaceous nature. JF - Journal of applied bacteriology. Oxford AU - McCarthy, SA AU - Johnson, R M AU - Kakimoto, D AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., U.S. FDA, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 426 EP - 432 VL - 77 IS - 4 SN - 0021-8847, 0021-8847 KW - INW, Japan, Kyushu, Kagoshima Prefect., Kinko Bay KW - Japan, Kinko Bay KW - antibiotics KW - aquatic drugs KW - chromatographic techniques KW - gel filtration KW - ion-exchange chromatography KW - isoelectric points KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Marine KW - chemical extraction KW - Alteromonas luteoviolacea KW - bacteria KW - marine organisms KW - Q1 08625:Non-edible products KW - A 01095:Others KW - Q4 27370:Antibiotics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16723000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+bacteriology.+Oxford&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+an+antibiotic+produced+by+Alteromonas+luteoviolacea+Gauthier+1982%2C+85+isolated+from+Kinko+Bay%2C+Japan&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+SA%3BJohnson%2C+R+M%3BKakimoto%2C+D&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+bacteriology.+Oxford&rft.issn=00218847&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chromatographic techniques; antibiotics; chemical extraction; bacteria; aquatic drugs; marine organisms; ion-exchange chromatography; isoelectric points; Alteromonas luteoviolacea; Marine ER - TY - PAT T1 - Method for protecting bone marrow against chemotherapeutic drugs using transforming growth factor beta 1 AN - 16718718; 3506574 AB - A method for protecting hematopoietic stem cells, said stem cells retaining at least the multipotential that is characteristic of CFU-GEMM cells, from myelotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs which comprises, administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of transforming growth factor beta 1 for protecting bone marrow from said myelotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. AU - Keller, J R AU - Ruscetti, F W AU - Wiltrout, R PY - 1994 IS - US Patent 5,278,145 KW - transforming growth factor- beta 1 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - patents KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16718718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Method+for+protecting+bone+marrow+against+chemotherapeutic+drugs+using+transforming+growth+factor+beta+1&rft.au=Keller%2C+J+R%3BRuscetti%2C+F+W%3BWiltrout%2C+R&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory considerations for nucleic acid vaccines AN - 16706081; 3700076 AB - For regulatory purposes nucleic acid vaccines are considered biological products and will be regulated by the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER). Vaccines derived through the use of this technology may ultimately find broad application as preventive vaccines for infectious disease or as therapeutic vaccines for treatment of disease. The regulations that govern the use of biological products as well as other guidance documents available from CBER are applicable to the regulation of nucleic acid vaccines. The regulatory concerns associated with the manufacture, preclinical evaluation and clinical studies for these vaccines are similar to those for other biological products. The following discussion will provide an overview of the organization of CBER and how nucleic acid vaccines will be reviewed within this organization. This discussion will also describe the regulations encoded in the US Code of Federal Regulations which govern the use of biological products and additional guidance provided in Points to Consider Documents and in specific Guidelines. In addition, this discussion will note specific concerns regarding the manufacture, lot release and preclinical evaluation to assess the safety of polynucleotide vaccines. Finally, the process for submission of an Investigational New Drug application and the design of protocols for clinical studies will be described. JF - Vaccine AU - Smith, HA AD - FDA, Cent. Biol. Eval. Res., Off. Vaccines Res. Rev., Div. Vaccines Rel. Prod. Appl., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1515 EP - 1519 VL - 12 IS - 16 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - nucleic acids KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16706081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Regulatory+considerations+for+nucleic+acid+vaccines&rft.au=Smith%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Generation of oxygen radicals by minerals and its correlation to cytotoxicity AN - 16705116; 3697782 AB - Occupational exposure to mineral dust causes pneumoconiosis and other diseases. A cytotoxicity assay to predict the potential of minerals to cause disease would be of great value as a prevention strategy. This study compares the ability of several minerals to generate the more potent oxidizing agent, hydroxyl radical (OH), and their cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation potentials. Crystalline silica, the most potent cytotoxic and pathogenic mineral studied, showed the least ability to generate OH radicals while inducing the maximal lipid peroxidation. Coal mine dust, showing the maximal ability to generate OH radicals, was the least cytotoxic in bioassays of toxicity and induction of lipid peroxidation. Based on these results, it would appear that the ability of minerals to induce lipid peroxidation provides a better correlation with known cytotoxicity and pathogenicity of minerals than does their ability to generate oxygen radicals. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives [ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT.]. Vol. 102, no. 10 Suppl. 1994. AU - Vallyathan, V A2 - Vallyathan, V A2 - Castranova, V A2 - Weber, K A2 - Dalal, N (eds) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 EP - no. 10 Sul. KW - oxygen KW - silica KW - silicon dioxide KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - NIH 94-218 KW - coal dust KW - hemolysis KW - lipid peroxidation KW - minerals KW - free radicals KW - pneumoconiosis KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16705116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+10+Sul.&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Generation+of+oxygen+radicals+by+minerals+and+its+correlation+to+cytotoxicity&rft.title=Generation+of+oxygen+radicals+by+minerals+and+its+correlation+to+cytotoxicity&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial survey of shared-use cosmetic test kits available to the public AN - 16688370; 3689172 AB - Some people like to try cosmetics before purchasing them. With repeated use by different customers, however, the tester kits provided by many retail outlets can become potential vectors of microbial pathogens. A survey was conducted to assess the health risk from bacteria found on shared-use cosmetics. A total of 3027 shared-use cosmetic product samples were collected from 171 retail establishments throughout the contiguous United States. Eye, face and lip cosmetics were tested with in situ nondestructive swabbing and the use of the Transette 3R Modified Amies Charcoal Culture and Transport System. Bacteria were isolated from about 50% of the items for all three categories. Semiquantitatively-estimated mean densities were 2288, 1685 and 1088 CFU g super(-1) for eye, face and lip products, respectively. Ranges for all categories were 0-10 super(5) CFU g super(-1). About 5% of the items had bacterial counts above 5000 CFU g super(-1) (eye products) or 10 000 CFU g super(-1) (other products). More than 60% of isolates were typical of microflora from human skin; the remainder were environmental microbes. About 60% of the isolates were Gram-positive cocci: Staphylococcus spp. (especially S. epidermidis) and Micrococcus spp. The Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa constituted 0.07% of the isolates. The survey results suggest that the preservation systems of some of the cosmetics failed under excessive use (abuse), and indicated a potential for microbiological safety problems with shared-use cosmetics. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Tran, T T AU - Hitchins, AD AD - U.S. FDA, 200 C St. SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 389 EP - 391 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - cosmetics KW - microbial contamination KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - public health KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - A 01073:Quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16688370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Microbial+survey+of+shared-use+cosmetic+test+kits+available+to+the+public&rft.au=Tran%2C+T+T%3BHitchins%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - microbial contamination; public health; cosmetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Furazolidone disposition after intravascular and oral dosing in the channel catfish AN - 16687465; 3690714 AB - The pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of the nitrofuran drug furazolidone have been examined in the channel catfish. [ super(14)C]Furazolidone was administered by intravascular or oral routes in a single dosage of 1 mg/kg body weight. A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model best described parent furazolidone concentrations in the plasma after intravascular dosing. Elimination of parent compound was extremely rapid, with a terminal half-life of 0.27 h and total body clearance of 1901 ml/h/kg. After oral dosing, furazolidone concentrations in the plasma were highest at 1 h and were below the limit of determination (< 20 ng/ml) at 5 h. The oral bioavailability of parent furazolidone administered in solution was 58%, compared with 28% in a feed mixture. Concentrations of furazolidone and its metabolites were highest in the excretory tissues and lowest in the muscle after oral dosing. Parent furazolidone comprised 10% of the total super(14)C in the muscle at 8 h and was not detectable (< 1 ng/g) at 24 h; total super(14)C concentrations declined from 274 to 59 ng furazolidone equiv./g between 8 and 168 h. Non-extractable (bound) residues comprised 18% of total super(14)C in muscle at 8 h and 33% at 168 h. Renal excretion was the primary route of elimination of super(14)C residues and accounted for nearly 55% of the oral dose. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Plakas, S M AU - El Said, KR AU - Stehly, G R AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., FDA, P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1095 EP - 1105 VL - 24 IS - 11 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - antibiotics KW - antimicrobial agents KW - fish culture KW - fish diseases KW - food fish KW - furazolidone KW - human food KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - drugs KW - Freshwater KW - disease control KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - pharmacology KW - public health KW - X 24114:Metabolism KW - Q1 08346:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16687465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Furazolidone+disposition+after+intravascular+and+oral+dosing+in+the+channel+catfish&rft.au=Plakas%2C+S+M%3BEl+Said%2C+KR%3BStehly%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1095&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antibiotics; food fish; fish diseases; drugs; fish culture; human food; disease control; pharmacology; public health; antimicrobial agents; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic analysis of uidA expression in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 AN - 16677471; 3690079 AB - Isolates of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 do not exhibit beta -glucuronidase (GUD) activity; however, they carry nucleotide sequences for the uidA gene that encodes the GUD enzyme. Polymerase chain reaction analysis using uidA-specific primers confirmed that a genetic region homologous in size to the E. coli uidA structural gene, including the regulatory region, was present in E. coli O157:H7 isolates. DNA sequencing analysis of the regulatory region and the 5' terminus of the uidA gene of E. coli O157:H7 showed a base substitution in the putative - 10 promotor region and at 93 bases downstream from the initiation codon. Neither base alteration, however, appeared to affect uidA allele gene expression in the O157:H7 isolates. Immunoblotting of cell extracts with an anti-GUD antibody showed that E. coli O157:H7 isolates produced an antibody-reactive protein that was homologous in size to E. coli GUD, but no GUD activity was observed in cell-free extracts of these isolates. These results suggest that the antibody-reactive protein produced by E. coli O157:H7 may be an inactive GUD enzyme. Sequencing of the uidA structural gene in O157:H7 showed the presence of 18 additional nucleotide base substitutions, but only six altered the amino acid sequence. Also, there were two frame shift mutations, 18 bases apart, that altered the sequence of six consecutive amino acids. These genetic alterations in the uidA structural gene of O157:H7 may account for the absence of GUD activity in this serotype. JF - Microbiology AU - Feng, P AU - Lampel, KA AD - Div. Microbiol. Stud., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2101 EP - 2107 VL - 140 IS - 8 SN - 0001-8769, 0001-8769 KW - uidA gene KW - beta -glucuronidase KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Escherichia coli KW - gene expression KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02725:DNA KW - G 07321:GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16677471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genetic+analysis+of+uidA+expression+in+enterohaemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+serotype+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Feng%2C+P%3BLampel%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=00018769&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; gene expression; polymerase chain reaction; nucleotide sequence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene by intestinal microflora AN - 16677085; 3690377 AB - Pure cultures of anaerobic intestinal bacteria and mixed fecal microflora from human, rat, mouse, and pig were screened for the ability to metabolize 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene (7-NO sub(2)BA). Based on analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by ultraviolet (UV), mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral techniques, the compounds were identified as 7-aminobenz[a]anthracene (7-NH sub(2)BA) and benz[a]anthracene 7,12-dione (dione). Identification of 7-NH sub(2)BA as a metabolite of 7-NO sub(2)BA indicates that the anaerobic intestinal bacteria are capable of reducing 7-NO sub(2)BA to potentially bioactive intermediates. The reductive capacities of the mixed intestinal microflora were generally greater than those of pure cultures. Thus, metabolism of 7-NO sub(2)BA in the intestinal tract may be underestimated if pure cultures are used as the sole method for evaluating the potential hazard. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Morehead, M C AU - Franklin, W AU - Fu, P P AU - Evans, F E AU - Heinze, T M AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 369 EP - 380 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - 7-nitrobenz(a)anthracene KW - rats KW - pigs KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - metabolism KW - intestine KW - microflora KW - man KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16677085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+7-nitrobenz%5Ba%5Danthracene+by+intestinal+microflora&rft.au=Morehead%2C+M+C%3BFranklin%2C+W%3BFu%2C+P+P%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BHeinze%2C+T+M%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Morehead&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - microflora; intestine; metabolism; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A sampling and analytical method for the simultaneous determination of multiple organophosphorus pesticides in air AN - 16670595; 3687934 AB - A sampling and analytical method for organophosphorus pesticides using a combined filter/XAD-2 sorbent sampler and gas chromatography (GC)-flame photometric detection (FPD) was developed. The method was evaluated for 19 organophosphorus pesticides based on the joint Occupational Safety and Health Administration/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Standards Completion Program methods evaluation protocol. The evaluation addressed analyte recovery, sampler capacity, sample stability, and precision and accuracy. Additional experiments addressed long-term sample stability (30-day storage), short-term exposure limits, limits of detection, and concentration levels down to 0.1 times an exposure limit value. Samples were stable for 30 days of storage under either ambient or refrigerated conditions. Based on this research, all 19 compounds studied can be successfully determined simultaneously using one method with an accuracy of plus or minus 25% of the true value 95 times out of 100. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Kennedy, E R AU - Abell, M T AU - Reynolds, J AU - Wickman, D AD - Natl. Inst. Occup. Saf. and Health (NIOSH), Div. Phys. Sci. and Eng., 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1172 EP - 1177 VL - 55 IS - 12 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - gas chromatography KW - organophosphorus compounds KW - sampling instruments KW - pollution detection KW - air sampling KW - occupational exposure KW - pesticides KW - sampling methods KW - H SI0.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16670595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Opportunities+for+integration+of+pharmacokinetics%2C+pharmacodynamics%2C+and+toxicokinetics+in+rational+drug+development.&rft.au=Peck%2C+C+C%3BBarr%2C+W+H%3BBenet%2C+L+Z%3BCollins%2C+J%3BDesjardins%2C+R+E%3BFurst%2C+D+E%3BHarter%2C+J+G%3BLevy%2C+G%3BLudden%2C+T%3BRodman%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Peck&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pesticides; organophosphorus compounds; sampling methods; sampling instruments; gas chromatography; air sampling; occupational exposure; pollution detection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ICRF-186 [(L)1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl)propane] on the toxicity of doxorubicin in spontaneously hypertensive rats AN - 16670222; 3683280 AB - An evaluation was made of the protective effects of ICRF-186 [(L)1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl)propane], the L-enantiomer of ICRF-187 [(D)1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl)propane], against the cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by doxorubicin. ICRF-186 provided significant protection, in a dose-dependent manner, against the cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of doxorubicin and attenuated the increases in cardiac immune effector cells (interstitial dendritic cells, cytotoxic T-helper lymphocytes and macrophages) associated with this cardiotoxicity. The results of the study were compared with those obtained with ICRF-187 under identical experimental conditions. Analysis of the cardiomyopathy scores, nephropathy scores and counts of the numbers of immune effector cells in the heart showed that, at a dose of 25 mg/kg, ICRF-186 is a somewhat less effective protectant than ICRF-187. JF - Toxicology AU - Zhang, Jun AU - Herman, E H AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Div. Res. and Test., FDA, MOD I Facil., 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 179 EP - 192 VL - 92 IS - 1-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - 1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl)propane KW - doxorubicin KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - heart KW - antineoplastic drugs KW - X 24112:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16670222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ICRF-186+%5B%28L%291%2C2-bis%283%2C5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl%29propane%5D+on+the+toxicity+of+doxorubicin+in+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jun%3BHerman%2C+E+H%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jun&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antineoplastic drugs; heart ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Some structures and processes of human epithelial cells involved in uptake of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains AN - 16657808; 3659557 AB - Several enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains of serotype O157:H7 isolated from patients with hemorrhagic colitis, ischemic colitis, or hemolytic uremic syndrome were all found to be able to invade certain human epithelial cell lines in vitro. Their ability to gain entry into epithelial cells was compared with those of known invasive Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhi strains and the noninvasive E. coli strain HB101 in invasion assays utilizing gentamicin to kill extracellular bacteria. All EHEC strains under investigation were efficiently internalized into T24 bladder and HCT-8 ileocecal cells. In striking contrast to shigellae, the same EHEC strains were not taken up into human embryonic intestinal INT407 cells or HEp-2 cells any more than the noninvasive E. coli strain HB101. The mechanism(s) of EHEC internalization was characterized by comparing the invasion efficiencies in the absence and presence of a variety of inhibitors acting on structures and processes of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Also, wild-type, plasmid-containing EHEC strains were compared with their plasmid-cured isogenic derivative strains to determine if plasmid genes affect invasion ability. Plasmid-cured EHEC invaded as well as wild-type EHEC, indicating that invasion ability is chromosomally encoded. Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by simultaneous addition of bacteria and chloramphenicol to the monolayer blocked EHEC uptake dramatically, suggesting the presence of an invasion protein(s) with a short half-life. Studies utilizing inhibitors which act on eukaryotic cells demonstrated a strong dependence on microfilaments in the process of uptake of all EHEC strains into both T24 and HCT-8 cells. In general, depolymerization of microtubules as well as inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis reduced the efficiency of EHEC invasion of T24 cells, whereas interference with endosome acidification reduced EHEC entry into only HCT-8 cells. Taxol-induced stabilization of microtubules did not inhibit internalization into T24 cells or into the HCT-8 cell line. In marked contrast, the ability of S. typhi Ty2 to invade either cell line was inhibited only by depolymerization of microfilaments. In addition to the cell line specificity of EHEC invasion, not all EHEC strains displayed uniform behavior in the presence of inhibitors, suggesting the existence of variant uptake pathways in different strains. Most importantly, previous reports of the inability of EHEC to invade INT407 or HEp-2 cell lines support the currently held belief that EHEC strains are noninvasive. However, our findings demonstrate for the first time the ability of EHEC to invade selected human epithelial cell lines, a process that may be important in EHEC pathogenesis, and define some potential requirements for the invasion mechanism(s). JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Oelschlaeger, T A AU - Barrett, T J AU - Kopecko, D J AD - Lab. Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Dis., FDA, HFM440, Build. 29, Rm. 420, NIH Camp., 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 5142 EP - 5150 VL - 62 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - hemolytic-uremic syndrome KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - uptake KW - Escherichia coli KW - man KW - epithelium KW - colitis KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16657808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Some+structures+and+processes+of+human+epithelial+cells+involved+in+uptake+of+enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+strains&rft.au=Oelschlaeger%2C+T+A%3BBarrett%2C+T+J%3BKopecko%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Oelschlaeger&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; uptake; epithelium; colitis; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human antibody response to the B oligomer of pertussis toxin AN - 16656118; 3665440 AB - To determine whether antibodies to the B oligomer of pertussis toxin (PT) were present in patients diagnosed with pertussis or vaccinees who had received diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis vaccine, we analyzed serum samples from 5 patients and 10 vaccinees by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western immunoblotting techniques. Antibodies to the B oligomer were detected by ELISA in all samples containing antibodies to holotoxin. Western immunoblotting procedures were less efficient than ELISA techniques for detecting antibodies to the B oligomer. Antibodies which inhibit the ability of the B oligomer to agglutinate erythrocytes were detected in purified human immunoglobulin preparations. In addition, serum samples containing antibodies to PT inhibited the binding of purified B oligomer and holotoxin to a 165-kDa glycoprotein which has been considered a potential PT receptor in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. These results suggest that antibodies to the B oligomer contribute to the human serologic response to PT, but their detection and characterization require appropriate methods. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Lynn, F AU - Burnette, W N AU - Siber, G R AU - Arciniega, J L AD - Div. Bact. Prod., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 626 EP - 632 VL - 1 IS - 6 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - vaccines KW - toxins KW - pertussis KW - antibody response KW - man KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16656118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Human+antibody+response+to+the+B+oligomer+of+pertussis+toxin&rft.au=Lynn%2C+F%3BBurnette%2C+W+N%3BSiber%2C+G+R%3BArciniega%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=626&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; toxins; pertussis; antibody response; man; Bordetella pertussis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sulfated glycoconjugate receptors for the Bordetella pertussis adhesin filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and mapping of the heparin-binding domain on FHA AN - 16653149; 3656601 AB - Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is a major adhesion present on the surface of the gram-negative respiratory pathogen Bordetella pertussis. A number of binding mechanisms have been described for the interaction of FHA with eukaryotic cells. We have focused on its function as a sulfated polysaccharide-binding protein and on identifying potential receptors for FHA on the epithelial cell surface. Using a thin-layer overlay technique, we found that FHA binds specifically to sulfated glycolipids but not to gangliosides or other neutral glycolipids. These results suggest that epithelial cell surface sulfated glycolipids function as receptors for FHA. Further studies demonstrated that a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell strain deficient in glycosaminoglycan expression exhibits greatly diminished attachment to FHA. By FHA-Affi-Gel chromatography, a putative receptor for FHA that has characteristics consistent with a heparan sulfate proteoglycan was isolated from epithelial cell extracts. In addition, by using recombinant FHA fusion proteins, a specific glycosaminoglycan-binding domain located near the N terminus of the FHA molecule was identified. Our results indicate that the B. pertussis adhesin FHA may utilize sulfated glycolipids and proteoglycans commonly found on the surface of human cells and tissues to initiate infection. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Hannah, J H AU - Menozzi, F D AU - Renauld, G AU - Locht, C AU - Brennan, MJ AD - Div. Bact. Products, HFM-431, CBER, FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 5010 EP - 5019 VL - 62 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - adhesins KW - heparin-binding protein KW - glycoconjugates receptors KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - hemagglutinins KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16653149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Sulfated+glycoconjugate+receptors+for+the+Bordetella+pertussis+adhesin+filamentous+hemagglutinin+%28FHA%29+and+mapping+of+the+heparin-binding+domain+on+FHA&rft.au=Hannah%2C+J+H%3BMenozzi%2C+F+D%3BRenauld%2C+G%3BLocht%2C+C%3BBrennan%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Hannah&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5010&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; hemagglutinins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a single amino acid substitution in the diphtheria toxin A chain of CRM 228 responsible for the loss of enzymatic activity AN - 16644679; 3642843 AB - CRM 228, a mutant form of diphtheria toxin which completely lacks ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, contains five amino acid substitutions. The two amino acid changes that fall within the A chain of the toxin (G79D and E162K) were separately analyzed by substituting a variety of other amino acids at these sites. The substitution at position 79 (G79D) singularly appears to account for the loss of enzymatic activity found in CRM 228. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Gray Johnson, V AU - Nicholls, P J AD - Lab. Bacter. Toxins, Div. Bact. Prod., CBER, FDA, Bldg. 29, Rm. 103, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 4766 EP - 4769 VL - 176 IS - 15 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - substitutions KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - toxins KW - identification KW - amino acids KW - enzymatic activity KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16644679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+single+amino+acid+substitution+in+the+diphtheria+toxin+A+chain+of+CRM+228+responsible+for+the+loss+of+enzymatic+activity&rft.au=Gray+Johnson%2C+V%3BNicholls%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Tepper&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Corynebacterium diphtheriae; toxins; amino acids; enzymatic activity; identification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transfer of immunity against lethal murine Francisella infection by specific antibody depends on host gamma interferon and T cells AN - 16643082; 3642702 AB - Both serum and spleen cells from mice immune to Francisella tularensis transfer protection to naive recipients. Here we characterize the mechanism of protection induced by transfer of immune mouse serum (IMS). IMS obtained 4 weeks after intradermal infection with 10 super(3) bacteria of the live vaccine strain (LVS) contained high levels of immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2a) and IgM (end point titers, 1:16,600 and 1:7,200, respectively) and little IgG1, IgG2b, or IgG3. LVS-specific antibodies were detected 5 days after intradermal infection, and reached peak levels by 2 weeks postinfection. Only sera obtained 10 days or more after sublethal infection, when IgG titers peaked, transferred protection against a challenge of 100 50% lethal doses (LD sub(50)s). Purified high-titer IgG anti-LVS antibody but not IgM anti-LVS antibody was responsible for transfer of protection against an intraperitoneal challenge of up to 3,000 LD sub(50)s. IMS had no direct toxic effects on LVS and did not affect uptake or growth of bacteria in association with peritoneal cells. One day after LVS infection, liver, spleen, and lung tissue from mice treated with IMS contained 1 to 2 log units fewer bacteria than did tissue from mice treated with normal mouse serum or phosphate-buffered saline. Between 2 and 4 days after infection, however, bacterial growth rates in tissues were similar in both serum-protected mice and unprotected mice. Bacterial burdens in IMS-treated, LVS-infected mice declined in infected tissues after day 5, whereas control animals died. This lag phase suggested that development of a host response was involved in complete bacterial clearance. In fact, transfer of IMS into normal recipients that were simultaneously treated with anti-gamma interferon and challenged with LVS did not protect mice from death. Further, transfer of IMS into athymic nu/nu mice did not protect against LVS challenge; protection was, however, reconstituted by transfer of normal T cells into nu/nu mice. Thus, "passive" transfer of protection against LVS with specific antibody is not passive but depends on a host T-cell response to promote clearance of systemic infection and protection against lethal disease. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Rhinehart-Jones, T R AU - Fortier, AH AU - Elkins, K L AD - Lab. Enteric Sexually Transmitted Dis., DBP/CBER/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 440, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3129 EP - 3137 VL - 62 IS - 8 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - lymphocytes T KW - immunity (passive) KW - antibodies KW - gamma -interferon KW - Francisella tularensis KW - serum KW - spleen KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16643082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Transfer+of+immunity+against+lethal+murine+Francisella+infection+by+specific+antibody+depends+on+host+gamma+interferon+and+T+cells&rft.au=Rhinehart-Jones%2C+T+R%3BFortier%2C+AH%3BElkins%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Rhinehart-Jones&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Francisella tularensis; immunity (passive); gamma -interferon; lymphocytes T; spleen; serum; antibodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fresh and frozen shrimp: A profile of filth, microbiological contamination, and decomposition AN - 16639148; 3644053 AB - A 2-year nationwide survey was conducted by the Food and Drug Administration to provide current information about filth, decomposition, and microbiological contamination of domestic and imported fresh and frozen shrimp. Whole or equivalent filth insects, mostly ants, were found in 14.4% of the samples. Of countries contributing at least 10 samples for filth analysis, India had the highest percentage positive for filth insects (45.5%); the United States had the lowest (6.3%). Filth insect fragments were present in 5.4% of the samples. Incidental insects were present in 6.3% of the samples, with flies the most commonly found. Of countries contributing at least 10 samples for filth analysis, India had the highest percentage positive for incidental insects (27.3%); Ecuador had the lowest (2.3%). Unidentified insect fragments were found in 33.3% of the samples; cockroach excreta pellets were present in 2.1%, rat or mouse hairs in 5.7%, and other striated animal hairs in 15.3%. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Gecan, J S AU - Bandler, R AU - Staruszkiewicz, W F AD - Off. Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages, Div. Microanal. Eval., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 154 EP - 158 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - chilled products KW - contamination KW - decomposition KW - food contamination KW - frozen products KW - microbial contamination KW - microbiological contamination KW - shrimp KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Marine KW - Penaeidae KW - food KW - seafood KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08622:Primary products KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16639148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Fresh+and+frozen+shrimp%3A+A+profile+of+filth%2C+microbiological+contamination%2C+and+decomposition&rft.au=Gecan%2C+J+S%3BBandler%2C+R%3BStaruszkiewicz%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Gecan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - microbial contamination; seafood; food; chilled products; frozen products; food contamination; decomposition; contamination; Penaeidae; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of alternariol and alternariol methyl ether for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium AN - 16634236; 3641014 AB - Alternariol and alternariol methyl ether were tested in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay, and both were shown, with and without metabolic activation, to be nonmutagenic to strains TA98 and TA100. The finding of other investigators that alternariol methyl ether is weakly mutagenic to TA98 without metabolic activation could have resulted from the presence of a small amount of one of the highly mutagenic altertoxins in the alternariol methyl ether originally tested. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Davis, V M AU - Stack, ME AD - Div. Mol. Biol. Res. Eval. (HFS-236), U.S. FDA, 200 C St. SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3901 EP - 3902 VL - 60 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - alternariol KW - alternariol methyl ether KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - toxins KW - mutagenesis KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - assays KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16634236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+alternariol+and+alternariol+methyl+ether+for+mutagenic+activity+in+Salmonella+typhimurium&rft.au=Davis%2C+V+M%3BStack%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3901&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; assays; mutagenesis; toxins ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The new FDA food code AN - 16632151; 3645054 AB - The new 1993 Food Code contains the Food and Drug Administration's latest advice on preventing foodborne disease in restaurants, food markets, institutions and food vending locations. Included are new recommendations for safeguarding public health and assuring that food is unadulterated and honesty presented when received by the consumer. New provisions address management knowledge, employee health, avoiding hand contact with ready-to-eat cooked food, modified temperatures for cooking and holding food, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) based variances for food processing at retail and consumer information. The document also provides references and the public health reasons supporting the new standards. The model code is offered for adoption by local, state and federal governmental jurisdictions for administration by the various departments, agencies, bureaus, divisions and other units within each jurisdiction that have compliance responsibilities for the retail segment of the food industry. JF - INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONS, 6200 AURORA AVENUE, DES MOINES, IA 50322 (USA). 53 p. 1994. AU - Kvenburg, JE Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 53 PB - INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONS, 6200 AURORA AVENUE, DES MOINES, IA 50322 (USA) KW - FDA KW - food-borne diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA KW - federal regulations KW - public health KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16632151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kvenburg%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Kvenburg&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+new+FDA+food+code&rft.title=The+new+FDA+food+code&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - International food safety and quality standards AN - 16628750; 3654012 AB - The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Uruguay Round Provisions on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade (called Standards-Related Measures in GATT) will confer a new status on international food safety and quality standards. What are these so-called international standards, who sets them, and what is their basis? How are they dealt with under free trade agreements versus national standards? International and national standards, codes, guidelines, processing and production methods, including measures used to enforce country requirements, will be discussed in the context of free trade agreements in force. JF - INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONS, 6200 AURORA AVENUE, DES MOINES, IA 50322 (USA). p, 76. 1994. AU - Carnevale, C Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 EP - p, 76 PB - INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONS, 6200 AURORA AVENUE, DES MOINES, IA 50322 (USA) KW - GATT KW - NAFTA KW - foods KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - standards KW - USA KW - international agreements KW - safety regulations KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16628750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Carnevale%2C+C&rft.aulast=Carnevale&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=p&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=International+food+safety+and+quality+standards&rft.title=International+food+safety+and+quality+standards&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced diagnostic efficiency of the polymerase chain reaction by co-amplification of multiple regions of HIV-1 and HIV-2 AN - 16625109; 3656388 AB - A method for co-amplification of multiple viral sequences of HIV-1 and HIV-2 by polymerase chain reaction was designed. The technique resulted in the specific detection of each type of virus and allowed the amplification of as few as two copies of target DNA. The amplification of multiple regions of the viral genome offers the advantage of detecting multiple target sequences, which may be essential for some viruses, such as HIV, that exhibit a high degree of variability in their gene sequences. In addition, the method permitted the detection of both virus types in the same reaction, allowing for greater utility in geographic areas where coinfections with both viruses occur and cross-reactivity in Western blots is observed. This method was applied successfully to the detection of viral DNA in clinical specimens. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Udaykumar, AU - Heredia, A AU - Soriano, V AU - Bravo, R AU - Epstein, J S AU - Hewlett, I K AD - Lab. Mol. Virol., Div. Transf. and Transmitted Dis., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 37 EP - 46 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - nucleotide sequence KW - concurrent infection KW - geography KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - DNA KW - human immunodeficiency virus 2 KW - diagnostic agents KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33130:Genetic based (PCR, etc.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16625109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Enhanced+diagnostic+efficiency+of+the+polymerase+chain+reaction+by+co-amplification+of+multiple+regions+of+HIV-1+and+HIV-2&rft.au=Udaykumar%2C%3BHeredia%2C+A%3BSoriano%2C+V%3BBravo%2C+R%3BEpstein%2C+J+S%3BHewlett%2C+I+K&rft.aulast=Udaykumar&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; geography; concurrent infection; DNA; diagnostic agents; human immunodeficiency virus 1; human immunodeficiency virus 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineral interactions in rats fed AIN-76A diets with excess calcium AN - 16623862; 3648550 AB - The effects of moderate increases in dietary calcium on maternal and foetal mineral interactions were studied in Charles River CD/VAF Plus rats. Female rats were given 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 or 1.25% dietary calcium as calcium carbonate in AIN-76A diets for 6 wk before mating, during mating and for 20 days of gestation. Inductively coupled argon plasma-atomic emission spectrometry was used to determine mineral levels in the tissues of non-pregnant rats after 42 days on the diets, in the tissues of pregnant rats on day 20 of gestation and in the whole body of day-20 foetuses. The femurs of the non-pregnant and pregnant rats had a dose-related linear increase in calcium content. In livers of the non-pregnant rats, dose-related linear increases in the phosphorus, zinc and magnesium content were observed, but there was a dose-related decrease in the iron content. There were dose-related linear decreases in the iron and copper contents of the kidneys from the non-pregnant rats. In pregnant rats dose-related linear decreases were observed in the iron content of the liver and in the zinc, iron and magnesium contents of the kidney. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Shackelford, ME AU - Collins, TFX AU - Black, T N AU - Ames, MJ AU - Dolan, S AU - Sheikh, N S AU - Chi, R K AU - O'Donnell, M W AD - U.S. FDA (HFS-507), 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 255 EP - 263 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - AIN-76A diets KW - interactions KW - rats KW - calcium KW - Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - dietary intake KW - diets KW - minerals KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - T 20048:Nutrition and balance studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16623862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Mineral+interactions+in+rats+fed+AIN-76A+diets+with+excess+calcium&rft.au=Shackelford%2C+ME%3BCollins%2C+TFX%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BAmes%2C+MJ%3BDolan%2C+S%3BSheikh%2C+N+S%3BChi%2C+R+K%3BO%27Donnell%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Shackelford&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - minerals; diets; dietary intake ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of dideoxycytidine on lymphocyte subpopulations in nonhuman primates AN - 16622329; 3653781 AB - In the present study, 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC), which has antiretroviral activity, was given chronically to uninfected nonhuman primates to determine whether it produces adverse immunological or hematological effects. Chronic ddC exposure did not cause significant changes in the number of red blood cells, monocytes, or reticulocytes. The number of white blood cells and neutrophils increased and these changes were observed only in group A animals at the 1.5 mg/kg dose. The most significant alterations observed were decreases in the number of T helper cells (CD4) and B cells (CD20). CD4 super(+) and CD20 super(+) lymphocytes exhibited dose-related shifts that were reversible over time and after drug withdrawal. The results indicate that ddC has few hematologic effects but it does have profound but transient effects on the number of cells in lymphocyte subpopulations in normal primates. JF - Fundamental and Applied Toxicology AU - Taylor, L D AU - Binienda, Z AU - Schmued, L AU - Slikker, W Jr AD - Div. Genet. Toxicol., Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res./FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 434 EP - 438 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - dideoxycytidine KW - monkeys KW - Immunology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - antiviral agents KW - lymphocytes T KW - immunomodulation KW - leukocytes (neutrophilic) KW - lymphocytes B KW - F 06786:General KW - X 24116:Hematology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16622329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+dideoxycytidine+on+lymphocyte+subpopulations+in+nonhuman+primates&rft.au=Taylor%2C+L+D%3BBinienda%2C+Z%3BSchmued%2C+L%3BSlikker%2C+W+Jr&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=434&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lymphocytes T; antiviral agents; lymphocytes B; leukocytes (neutrophilic); immunomodulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutations in the bvgA gene of Bordetella pertussis that differentially affect regulation of virulence determinants AN - 16619552; 3642806 AB - By using chemical mutagenesis and genetic mapping, a search was undertaken for previously undescribed genes which may be involved in different regulatory mechanisms governing different virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis. Previous studies have shown that the fha locus encoding filamentous hemagglutinin is regulated directly by the bvgAS two component system, while regulation of ptx encoding pertussis toxin is less direct or occurs by a different mechanism. With a strain containing gene fusions to each of these regulated loci, screening was done for mutations which were defective for ptx expression but maintained normal or nearly normal levels of fha expression. Two mutations which had such a phenotype and were also deficient in adenylate cyclase toxin/hemolysin expression were found and characterized more fully. Both were found to affect residues in the C-terminal portion of the BvgA response regulator protein, a domain which shares sequence similarity with a family of regulatory proteins including FixJ, UhpA, MalT, RcsA, RcsB, and LuxR. The residues affected are within a region which, by extension from studies on the LuxR protein, may be involved in transcriptional activation. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Stibitz, S AD - Div. Bact. Prod., Cent. for Biol. Eval. Res., Fda, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 5615 EP - 5621 VL - 176 IS - 18 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - bugA gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - genes KW - regulation KW - mutation KW - virulence KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16619552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Mutations+in+the+bvgA+gene+of+Bordetella+pertussis+that+differentially+affect+regulation+of+virulence+determinants&rft.au=Stibitz%2C+S&rft.aulast=Stibitz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=5615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; genes; mutation; virulence; regulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enumeration and differentiation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus by DNA-DNA colony hybridization using the hydrophobic grid membrane filtration technique for isolation AN - 16616878; 3638306 AB - We have developed a means of differentiating and enumerating Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus by DNA-DNA colony hybridization directly on HGMF filters. V. parahaemolyticus can be detected by a tdh-3-radiolabeled gene probe and V. vulnificus detected by a specific cytotoxin-hemolysin-radiolabeled probe with enumeration directly from autoradiograms. This procedure is more rapid than current techniques allowing enumeration and identification of these two species in samples as diverse as seawater, oyster (Crassostrea gigas), and shrimp (Pandalidae family) within 4 d. Our method is based on a rapid technique (18 h) for isolation and enumeration of V. parahaemolyticus from food using a membrane filtration technique with hydrophobic grid filters (HGMF). With the HGMF method, however, it is not possible to differentiate V. parahaemolyticus from V. vulnificus since on the HGMF-sucrose-based agar used, the two species are indistinguishable as both species are unable to ferment sucrose. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Kaysner, CA AU - Abeyta, C Jr AU - Jinneman, K C AU - Hill, W E AD - Seafood Prod. Res. Cent., FDA, Bothell, WA 98041, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 163 EP - 165 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus KW - differentiation KW - enumeration KW - methodology KW - W2 32250:Others KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16616878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Enumeration+and+differentiation+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+and+Vibrio+vulnificus+by+DNA-DNA+colony+hybridization+using+the+hydrophobic+grid+membrane+filtration+technique+for+isolation&rft.au=Kaysner%2C+CA%3BAbeyta%2C+C+Jr%3BJinneman%2C+K+C%3BHill%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Kaysner&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - differentiation; enumeration; methodology; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio parahaemolyticus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of environmental formylmethionyl-peptides AN - 16614956; 3639926 AB - Formylmethionyl-peptides are naturally occurring, biologically active ligands produced by bacteria. They produce a variety of biological effects including neutrophil chemotaxis, cellular degranulation, oxygen-free radical production, and smooth muscle contraction. Our studies have demonstrated that oxidized and reduced forms of formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) can be detected in bulk environmental organic dust samples. Organic dust fMLP content may not reflect total formylmethionyl-peptide content and pathological sequelae. Attempts to develop a total formylmethionyl-peptide assay that would reflect its pathological potential have thus far been unsuccessful. Information has been derived concerning the biology of formylmethionyl-peptides from these studies. Chromatographic, radioenzymatic, and radioreceptor-ligand binding studies were performed. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of synthetic and environmental fMLP demonstrated that fMLP is labile, forming three oxidation products. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Siegel, P D AU - Ronk, E A AU - Clark, PR AU - Shahan, T A AU - Castranova, V AD - NIOSH/DRDS, 944 Chestnut Ridge Rd., MS 211, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 275 EP - 288 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0093-4108, 0093-4108 KW - formyl-methionyl-peptides KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - environmental monitoring KW - bacteria KW - high-performance liquid chromatography KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16614956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+environmental+formylmethionyl-peptides&rft.au=Siegel%2C+P+D%3BRonk%2C+E+A%3BClark%2C+PR%3BShahan%2C+T+A%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00934108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental monitoring; high-performance liquid chromatography; bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibody-direct epifluorescent filter technique for rapid, direct enumeration of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef AN - 16613188; 3640996 AB - Artificially inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7 was directly enumerated in ground beef and beef exudate, without enrichment or selection, by the antibody-direct epifluorescent filter technique (Ab-DEFT). The total assay time of the Ab-DEFT was less than 1 h. The beef was homogenized, treated for 15 min with trypsin and Triton X-100, and passed through a 5- mu m-pore-size prefilter and then through a 0.2- mu m-pore-size black polycarbonate filter. The final filter was stained directly with fluorescein-labeled anti-O157 polyclonal antibody, rinsed, and examined by epifluorescence microscopy. The sensitivity of the Ab-DEFT was compared with that of a standard enrichment culture technique. Both methods reliably determined the presence of the pathogen in beef at 16 CFU/g. The Ab-DEFT was also useful for quantifying the pathogen and monitoring its growth in beef. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Tortorello, M L AU - Stewart, D S AD - U.S. FDA, 6502 S. Archer Rd., Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3553 EP - 3559 VL - 60 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - mounting methods KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - beef KW - filtration KW - Escherichia coli KW - enumeration KW - growth KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16613188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Antibody-direct+epifluorescent+filter+technique+for+rapid%2C+direct+enumeration+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+beef&rft.au=Tortorello%2C+M+L%3BStewart%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Tortorello&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; enumeration; filtration; beef; growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes: Potential free radical toxicity AN - 16604514; 3674985 JF - Free Radical Biology & Medicine AU - Alayash, AI AD - Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 137 EP - 138 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - blood substitutes KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - blood products KW - hemoglobin KW - free radicals KW - X 24117:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16604514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.atitle=Hemoglobin-based+blood+substitutes%3A+Potential+free+radical+toxicity&rft.au=Alayash%2C+AI&rft.aulast=Alayash&rft.aufirst=AI&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - free radicals; hemoglobin; blood products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of benzene residues in recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) by dynamic headspace-gas chromatography AN - 16599023; 3656582 AB - A dynamic headspace-gas chromatography (HS/GC) method was developed to quantitate benzene in recycled PETE material derived from 21 PETE beverage bottles. The analytical system consisted of a purge-and-trap apparatus which was interfaced directly with a gas chromatograph/flame ionization detector. Cryofocusing and non-cryofocusing GC systems were used. The technique was applied to spiked PETE test samples which were prepared at various benzene concentrations ranging from 100 ppb to 117 ppm. The initial spiked benzene concentration in the PETE test samples was determined gravimetrically. The HS/GC technique was limited by the slow desorption rate of benzene from the PETE matrix; as a result, multipurges were performed at 60 degree C. Regression analysis was done on the multipurge data to develop a desorption model which would predict the total amount of benzene in the PETE. The calculated results agreed with the experimental recoveries within plus or minus 10ppt. Recovery depended on the initial benzene level in the PETE and ranged from 70 to 90% after the first five purges. JF - Food Additives and Contaminants AU - Komolprasert, V AU - Hargraves, WA AU - Armstrong, D J AD - FDA, Natl. Cent. Food Saf. and Technol., Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 605 EP - 614 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - benzene KW - polyethylene terephthalate KW - polyethylene terephthalates KW - beverages KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - residues KW - food contamination KW - gas chromatography KW - packaging KW - recycling KW - plastics KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - H SE4.23:FOOD PACKAGING KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - H SE3.25:COMPOSTING, RECYCLING, REUSE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16599023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.atitle=Determination+of+benzene+residues+in+recycled+polyethylene+terephthalate+%28PETE%29+by+dynamic+headspace-gas+chromatography&rft.au=Komolprasert%2C+V%3BHargraves%2C+WA%3BArmstrong%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Komolprasert&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - benzene; residues; recycling; gas chromatography; packaging; food contamination; plastics; beverages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential susceptibility of plasma proteins to oxidative modification: Examination by Western blot immunoassay AN - 16594178; 3653751 AB - Plasma proteins are exposed to oxidants in a variety of circumstances in vivo, such as during tissue injury and inflammation. In this report, the relative susceptibility of each of the major plasma proteins to oxidative modification was assessed by exposing whole plasma to a metal-catalyzed radical generating system and detecting oxidation (protein carbonyl groups) using a novel Western blot immunoassay. Proteins were derivitized with dinitrophenylhydrazine, separated by SDS-gel electrophoresis, and screened with antibodies against dinitrophenyl groups. As little as 1 pmol of protein-associated carbonyls could be detected (100 ng of a 50 kD protein containing 0.5 mol carbonyl/mol protein). Individual plasma proteins were identified by their comigration with standards, crossreactivity with specific antibodies, and by comparison of plasma to serum. Using this approach, we found that plasma fibrinogen was much more susceptible to oxidative modification compared to the other major plasma proteins, albumin, immunoglobulins, and transferrin. JF - Free Radical Biology & Medicine AU - Shacter, E AU - Williams, JA AU - Lim, M AU - Levine, R L AD - FDA, Build. 29A, Rm. 3C-24, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 429 EP - 437 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - oxygen KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Western blotting KW - stress KW - proteins KW - free radicals KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16594178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.atitle=Differential+susceptibility+of+plasma+proteins+to+oxidative+modification%3A+Examination+by+Western+blot+immunoassay&rft.au=Shacter%2C+E%3BWilliams%2C+JA%3BLim%2C+M%3BLevine%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Shacter&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - proteins; free radicals; stress; Western blotting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vibrio cholerae non-O1 serogroup associated with cholera gravis genetically and physiologically resembles O1 El Tor cholera strains AN - 16590320; 3642838 AB - Until recently, only Vibrio cholerae strains of the O1 serogroup have been associated with epidemic cholera. In December 1992, an outbreak of cholera gravis in Vellore, India, was attributed to a new serogroup of V. cholerae recently designated O139. Serogroup O139 cholera has since spread to 13 countries and has reached pandemic proportions. Serogroup O139 cholera evades immunity to O1 cholera and is not detected by the standard O1 antigen test. Understanding the origins of O139 cholera and determining the relatedness of O139 to O1 cholera are necessary to devise strategies for detecting, reporting, and controlling this new pandemic. In order to determine the origins of this novel cholera serogroup, O139 was analyzed for virulence genes, for virulence proteins and their regulation, and for its genomic background. We found that O139 and O1 V. cholerae strains of the El Tor biotype possess highly homologous virulence genes encoding cholera toxin and toxin-coregulated pili and that the regulation of virulence protein expression likewise was indistinguishable between O139 and O1. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed the restriction digest pattern of O139 strains to be closely related to that of O1 serogroup El Tor biotype cholera strains from the Indian subcontinent. However, PFGE showed minor differences among individual O139 cholera isolates, suggesting that O139 V. cholerae is evolving. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Hall, R H AU - Khambaty, F M AU - Kothary, M H AU - Keasler, S P AU - Tall, B D AD - Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3859 EP - 3863 VL - 62 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cholera KW - genetic analysis KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - outbreaks KW - man KW - India KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16590320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Vibrio+cholerae+non-O1+serogroup+associated+with+cholera+gravis+genetically+and+physiologically+resembles+O1+El+Tor+cholera+strains&rft.au=Hall%2C+R+H%3BKhambaty%2C+F+M%3BKothary%2C+M+H%3BKeasler%2C+S+P%3BTall%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrio cholerae; India; genetic analysis; cholera; outbreaks; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA research in regulatory risk assessment AN - 16585322; 3636880 AB - The responsibility of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is to assure the safety of foods, drugs and cosmetics. To fulfill its mandated mission, FDA has to carry out research in order to improve testing technology and risk assessment. The National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) is currently carrying out research in support of this mission. This paper briefly describes regulatory risk assessment research at the NCTR. JF - Journal of Food and Drug Analysis AU - Fu, P P AU - Chiu, Li-Hsueh AU - Von Tungeln, LS AU - Herreno-Saenz, D AD - Biochem. Toxicol. Div., Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., U.S. FDA, Admin., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 83 EP - 88 VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 1021-9498, 1021-9498 KW - foods KW - federal regulations KW - FDA KW - cosmetics KW - government policy KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - hazards KW - drugs KW - toxicology KW - food KW - safety regulations KW - research programs KW - USA KW - dose-response effects KW - risk assessment KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16585322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+and+Drug+Analysis&rft.atitle=FDA+research+in+regulatory+risk+assessment&rft.au=Fu%2C+P+P%3BChiu%2C+Li-Hsueh%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+LS%3BHerreno-Saenz%2C+D&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+and+Drug+Analysis&rft.issn=10219498&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; drugs; toxicology; research programs; federal regulations; risk assessment; dose-response effects; hazards; safety regulations; food; cosmetics; government policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic neurological sequelae to organophosphate pesticide poisoning AN - 16581214; 3671873 AB - California surveillance data were used in a study of neurological function among 128 men poisoned by organophosphate pesticides in California from 1982 to 1990 and 90 referents. Tests included a neurological physical examination, 5 nerve conduction tests, 2 vibrotactile sensitivity tests, 10 neurobehavioral tests, and 1 postural sway test. After correcting for confounding, the poisoned group performed significantly worse than the referent group on two neurobehavioral tests (sustained visual attention and mood scales). When the data were restricted to men with documented cholinesterase inhibition (n = 83) or to men who had been hospitalized (n = 36), the poisoned subjects also showed significantly worse vibrotactile sensitivity of finger and toe. Significant trends of increased impairment were found with increased days of disability on a wide spectrum of tests of both central and peripheral nerve function. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Steenland, K AU - Jenkins, B AU - Ames, R G AU - O'Malley, M AU - Chrislip, D AU - Russo, J AD - NIOSH R-13, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 731 EP - 736 VL - 84 IS - 5 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - organophosphates KW - pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - man KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - neurotoxicity KW - poisoning KW - USA, California KW - toxicology KW - pesticides KW - X 24132:Chronic exposure KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - N3 11105:Primates KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16581214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Chronic+neurological+sequelae+to+organophosphate+pesticide+poisoning&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BJenkins%2C+B%3BAmes%2C+R+G%3BO%27Malley%2C+M%3BChrislip%2C+D%3BRusso%2C+J&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, California; organophosphates; pesticides; poisoning; neurotoxicity; toxicology; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of inter-animal variability on the estimation of population pharmacokinetic parameters in preclinical studies AN - 16579959; 3659624 AB - Single response population (1 sample / animal) simulation studies were carried out (assuming a 1 compartment model) to investigate the influence of inter-animal variability (in clearance ( sigma sub(Cl)) and volume ( sigma sub(v))) on the estimation of population pharmacokinetic parameters. NONMEM was used for parameter estimation. Individual and joint confidence intervals coverage for parameter estimates were computed to reveal the influence of bias and standard error (SE) on interval estimates. The coverage of interval estimates, percent prediction error and correlation analysis were used to judge the efficiency of parameter estimation. The efficiency of estimation of Cl and V was good, on average, irrespective of the values of sigma sub(Cl) and sigma sub(V). Estimates of sigma sub(Cl) and sigma sub(V) were biased and imprecise. Small biases and high precision resulted in good confidence intervals coverage for Cl and V. SE was the major determinant of confidence intervals coverage for the random effect parameters, sigma sub(Cl) and sigma sub(V), and the joint confidence intervals coverage for all parameter estimates. JF - Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs AU - Ette, E I AU - Kelman, A W AU - Howie, CA AU - Whiting, B AD - Div. Biopharm., HFD-426, Rm 13 B 06, CDER, FDA, 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 121 EP - 139 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 1060-1333, 1060-1333 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - laboratory animals KW - populations KW - drugs KW - pharmacokinetics KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16579959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Research+and+Regulatory+Affairs&rft.atitle=Influence+of+inter-animal+variability+on+the+estimation+of+population+pharmacokinetic+parameters+in+preclinical+studies&rft.au=Ette%2C+E+I%3BKelman%2C+A+W%3BHowie%2C+CA%3BWhiting%2C+B&rft.aulast=Ette&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Research+and+Regulatory+Affairs&rft.issn=10601333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity testing; laboratory animals; populations; drugs; pharmacokinetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and subcellular localization of three Ptl proteins involved in the secretion of pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis AN - 16573024; 3642882 AB - The ptl locus of Bordetella pertussis contains eight open reading frames which are predicted to encode proteins (PtlA to PtlH) that are essential for secretion of pertussis toxin from the bacterium and which are members of a family of transport proteins found in other types of bacteria. We have detected PtlE, PtlF, and PtlG in immunoblots of extracts of B. pertussis by using antibodies raised to fusion proteins consisting of maltose-binding protein and the individual Ptl proteins. These proteins have apparent molecular weights similar to those predicted by DNA sequence analysis. Cell fractionation studies indicated that all three Ptl proteins are associated with the membranes of B. pertussis, suggesting that the Ptl proteins form a gate or channel which facilitates transport of pertussis toxin. Cell extracts of other Bordetella spp. were probed with antibodies to Ptl proteins for the presence of these transport proteins. Neither Bordetella parapertussis nor Bordetella bronchiseptica contained detectable levels of PtlE or PtlF. This lack of detectable Ptl protein may provide an explanation for previous observations which indicated that introduction of the genes encoding pertussis toxin subunits from B. pertussis into other Bordetella spp. results in production of the toxin but not secretion of the toxin. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Johnson, F D AU - Burns, D L AD - FDA/CBER/DBP, HFM-434, 1401 Rockville Pk., Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 5350 EP - 5356 VL - 176 IS - 17 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Ptl protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - secretion KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - toxins KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - Bordetella parapertussis KW - immunoblotting KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16573024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Detection+and+subcellular+localization+of+three+Ptl+proteins+involved+in+the+secretion+of+pertussis+toxin+from+Bordetella+pertussis&rft.au=Johnson%2C+F+D%3BBurns%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=5350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; Bordetella parapertussis; Bordetella bronchiseptica; secretion; toxins; immunoblotting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Properties of US Standard Endotoxin (EC-5) in human male volunteers AN - 16572209; 3631241 AB - There has been a great interest in endotoxin testing using both Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) and the rabbit pyrogen test. It is often difficult to relate the results of the actual biological potency of endotoxin in man. There is a need to have the US Standard Endotoxin (Lot EC-5) tested in human volunteers so that rabbit and human data can be compared. Human male volunteers were divided randomly into 5 groups of 12. Each group was given an intravenous injection of Lot EC-5 at a level of either 0, 2, 4, 8, or 16 endotoxin units (EU) per kg of body weight. The oral temperature was taken and recorded every 15 min for 8 h. The pyrogenic properties of the US Standard Endotoxin in humans over the test period were determined. The results indicated that there is a direct correlation between EU/kg administered and temperature rise. The threshold pyrogenic dose ( greater than or equal to 1.0 degree F rise in 50% of volunteers) in this study is approximately 4.1 EU/kg. JF - Journal of Endotoxin Research AU - Hochstein, H D AU - Fitzgerald, E A AU - McMahon, F G AU - Vargas, R AD - Div. Prod. Qual. Control, Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 52 EP - 56 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 0968-0519, 0968-0519 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - standards KW - USA KW - endotoxins KW - man KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16572209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Endotoxin+Research&rft.atitle=Properties+of+US+Standard+Endotoxin+%28EC-5%29+in+human+male+volunteers&rft.au=Hochstein%2C+H+D%3BFitzgerald%2C+E+A%3BMcMahon%2C+F+G%3BVargas%2C+R&rft.aulast=Hochstein&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Endotoxin+Research&rft.issn=09680519&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; endotoxins; man; standards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human renal cell carcinoma cells are sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of a chimeric protein composed of human interleukin-4 and Pseudomonas exotoxin AN - 16567810; 3644685 AB - We have previously demonstrated that functional high-affinity interleukin-4 receptors (IL-4R) are expressed on human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. In the present study, we examined the cytotoxic effect (determined by inhibition of protein synthesis) of a chimeric protein composed of human IL-4 and Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) on human RCC tumor samples obtained from patients undergoing nephrectomy. The chimeric gene encoding hIL4-PE4E was constructed by fusing a cDNA clone for human IL-4 to the 5' end of a mutated cDNA encoding a full-length PE molecule. This gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and large quantities of this recombinant protein were isolated to more than 95% purity. This chimeric protein, hIL4-PE4E, was highly cytotoxic to all six RCC cell lines examined. The concentration of hIL4-PE4E at which 50% inhibition of protein synthesis was obtained ranged from <1 ng/ml (12 pM) to 10 ng/ml (120 pM) in five of the six isolates of RCC and 40-70 ng/ml in one other. A mutant chimeric protein which can bind to IL-4R but lacks the ADP ribosylation activity of PE was not cytotoxic to the RCC cells. The cytotoxic effect of hIL4-PE4E was IL-4R mediated because a fourfold molar excess of IL-4 abrogated the cytotoxic effect of hIL4-PE4E. A neutralizing monoclonal antibody to IL-4 also abrogated the cytotoxic effect of hIL4-PE4E. hIL4-PE4E showed very little cytotoxic activity to a normal human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ID sub(50) = 1000 ng/ml) and a human fibroblast cell line (ID sub(50) similar to 400 ng/ml). Nonactivated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were also insensitive to hIL4-PE4E (ID sub(50), similar to 500 ng/ml), whereas phytohemagglutinin-activated PBL were highly susceptible to the cytotoxic effect of hIL4-PE4E (ID sub(50), similar to 4 ng/ml). These data indicate that hIL4-PE4E may be a useful agent for the treatment of human RCC without affecting normal and resting immune cells. JF - Cellular Immunology AU - Puri, R K AU - Debinski, W AU - Obiri, N AU - Kreitman, R AU - Pastan, I AD - Lab. Mol. Tumor Biol., Div. Cell. and Gene Ther., Cent. for Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA/NIH, Build. 29A, Room 2B23, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 369 EP - 379 VL - 154 IS - 2 SN - 0008-8749, 0008-8749 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - pseudomonas KW - interleukin 4 KW - immunotherapy KW - exotoxins KW - kidney KW - man KW - carcinoma KW - F 06818:Cancer immunotherapy KW - W3 33150:Cytokine based KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16567810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+Immunology&rft.atitle=Human+renal+cell+carcinoma+cells+are+sensitive+to+the+cytotoxic+effect+of+a+chimeric+protein+composed+of+human+interleukin-4+and+Pseudomonas+exotoxin&rft.au=Puri%2C+R+K%3BDebinski%2C+W%3BObiri%2C+N%3BKreitman%2C+R%3BPastan%2C+I&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+Immunology&rft.issn=00088749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - interleukin 4; exotoxins; immunotherapy; kidney; man; carcinoma; pseudomonas ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Public health assessment for petitioned public health assessment, E.I. Du Pont de Nemours, Pompton Lakes, Passaic County, New Jersey, Region 2. CERCLIS No. NJD980771604. Final rept. AN - 15881418; 4031603 AB - The E.I. Du Pont site is in Pompton Lakes, Passaic County, New Jersey. E.I. Du Pont, Pompton Lakes Works (PLW) is an explosives manufacturing operation that has been in operation since 1886. Waste management practices during this time have resulted in significant contamination of surface water, soil and sediment, and groundwater contamination both on and off site. Exposure to lead- and mercury-contaminated soils in the Acid Brook Area may cause adverse health effects. In addition, long-term exposures to trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride found in some private wells have resulted in a low to moderate increased risk for cancer for residents who have used the wells as a drinking water supply in the past. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 KW - USA, New Jersey, Passaic Cty. KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - industrial wastes KW - waste management KW - pollution effects KW - manufacturing industry KW - public health KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15881418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Public+health+assessment+for+petitioned+public+health+assessment%2C+E.I.+Du+Pont+de+Nemours%2C+Pompton+Lakes%2C+Passaic+County%2C+New+Jersey%2C+Region+2.+CERCLIS+No.+NJD980771604.+Final+rept.&rft.title=Public+health+assessment+for+petitioned+public+health+assessment%2C+E.I.+Du+Pont+de+Nemours%2C+Pompton+Lakes%2C+Passaic+County%2C+New+Jersey%2C+Region+2.+CERCLIS+No.+NJD980771604.+Final+rept.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - NTIS Order No: PB94143385XSP N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Proposal to establish procedures for the safe processing and importing of fish and fishery products AN - 15686098; 3964236 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is proposing to adopt regulations to ensure the safe processing and importing of fish and fishery products. These procedures include the monitoring of selected processes in accordance with Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles. HACCP is a preventive system of hazard control that can be used by food processors and importers. FDA is proposing these regulations because a system of preventive controls is the most effective and efficient way to ensure that these products are safe. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 KW - FDA KW - federal regulations KW - food processing industry KW - health and safety KW - processed fishery products KW - trade KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - legislation KW - USA KW - seafood KW - safety regulations KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15686098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Proposal+to+establish+procedures+for+the+safe+processing+and+importing+of+fish+and+fishery+products&rft.title=Proposal+to+establish+procedures+for+the+safe+processing+and+importing+of+fish+and+fishery+products&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - NTIS Order No: PB94134707XSP. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intramuscular toxicity and absorbance of a parenteral formulation of halofantrine-HCL AN - 15618999; 3931044 AB - Halofantrine is a phenanthrene methanol antimalarial agent that possesses high activity against sensitive and resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. It is slowly and variably absorbed following oral administration and is thus usually administered by multiple oral dosing, given over 12 hours, in order to achieve therapeutic blood levels. The feasibility of performing pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies of halofantrine via the intramuscular (IM) route was investigated using a parenteral formulation under development. Muscle damage following IM administration of halofantrine HCl formulated as a co-solvent system (dimetylacetamide and polyethylene glycol 400) was assessed in studies of the M. vastus lateralis of the rabbit. Intramuscular injection of the co-solvent system produced little or no muscle damage; while the IM injection of the co-solvent formulation of halofantrine produced a dose-related myotoxicity, including necrosis. (DBO) JF - Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs AU - Ajayi, F O AU - Fleckenstein, L L AD - Div. Biopharm., FDA, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 193 EP - 205 VL - 11 IS - 3-4 SN - 1060-1333, 1060-1333 KW - halofantrine KW - rabbits KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - antimalarial agents KW - muscles KW - X 24111:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15618999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Research+and+Regulatory+Affairs&rft.atitle=Intramuscular+toxicity+and+absorbance+of+a+parenteral+formulation+of+halofantrine-HCL&rft.au=Ajayi%2C+F+O%3BFleckenstein%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Ajayi&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Research+and+Regulatory+Affairs&rft.issn=10601333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antimalarial agents; muscles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adequacy of cosmetic preservation: Chemical analysis, microbial challenge and in-use testing AN - 15605370; 3926004 AB - The adequacy of preservation of seven previously unopened commercial cosmetic products was tested by individual challenges with Aspergillus niger ATCC 9642, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15422, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, using the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) method. Each product was consecutively challenged three times, 28 days apart. Inoculated composite products were counted by conventional techniques at eight prefixed intervals. Six of seven cosmetics passed the CTFA acceptance criteria. On the basis of viable counts seven days after inoculation (CTFA criteria), the products were classified as follows: five products were well preserved, one was marginally preserved, and one was poorly preserved. The poorly preserved product failed the CTFA criteria for all three bacteria tested. Concentrations of preservative ingredients in uninoculated composites were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. All preservatives listed on the labels of the seven cosmetic products were identified by chemical analysis. Tentative in-use validation of the CTFA criteria was performed for three of the seven cosmetic formulations. The results suggested that some cosmetic products may be underpreserved. JF - International Journal of Cosmetic Science AU - Tran, T T AU - Hurley, F J AU - Shurbaji, M AU - Koopman, L B AD - US Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St., S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 61 EP - 76 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0142-5463, 0142-5463 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cosmetics KW - contamination KW - preservation KW - microorganisms KW - A 01070:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - J 02805:Preservatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15605370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Cosmetic+Science&rft.atitle=Adequacy+of+cosmetic+preservation%3A+Chemical+analysis%2C+microbial+challenge+and+in-use+testing&rft.au=Tran%2C+T+T%3BHurley%2C+F+J%3BShurbaji%2C+M%3BKoopman%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Cosmetic+Science&rft.issn=01425463&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cosmetics; preservation; microorganisms; contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519938234 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 4 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519938233 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 3 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519938232 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519938223 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 5 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938216 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 12 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938213 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 6 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938212 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 6 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519938211 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 5 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment Needs of Women With Alcohol Problems AN - 1474334591 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Beckman, Linda J Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 206 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Treatment+Needs+of+Women+With+Alcohol+Problems&rft.au=Beckman%2C+Linda+J&rft.aulast=Beckman&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NIAAA's Epidemiologic Bulletin No. 33 Knowledge of FAS and the Risks of Heavy Drinking During Pregnancy, 1985 and 1990 AN - 1474334543 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Dufour, Mary C AU - Williams, Gerald D AU - Campbell, Karen E AU - Aitken, Sherrie S Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 86 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=NIAAA%27s+Epidemiologic+Bulletin+No.+33+Knowledge+of+FAS+and+the+Risks+of+Heavy+Drinking+During+Pregnancy%2C+1985+and+1990&rft.au=Dufour%2C+Mary+C%3BWilliams%2C+Gerald+D%3BCampbell%2C+Karen+E%3BAitken%2C+Sherrie+S&rft.aulast=Dufour&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Need for Alcohol Abuse-Related Education in Nursing Curricula AN - 1474334513 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Naegle, Madeline A Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 154 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Need+for+Alcohol+Abuse-Related+Education+in+Nursing+Curricula&rft.au=Naegle%2C+Madeline+A&rft.aulast=Naegle&rft.aufirst=Madeline&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Among Women AN - 1474334467 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Lex, Barbara W Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 212 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+Other+Drug+Abuse+Among+Women&rft.au=Lex%2C+Barbara+W&rft.aulast=Lex&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detecting Alcohol-Related Problems in Trauma Center Patients AN - 1474334458 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Soderstrom, Carl A Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 127 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Detecting+Alcohol-Related+Problems+in+Trauma+Center+Patients&rft.au=Soderstrom%2C+Carl+A&rft.aulast=Soderstrom&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Nurses in Primary Care: Managing Alcohol-Abusing Patients AN - 1474334386 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Sullivan, Eleanor J AU - Handley, Sandra M AU - Connors, Helen Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 158 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Nurses+in+Primary+Care%3A+Managing+Alcohol-Abusing+Patients&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+Eleanor+J%3BHandley%2C+Sandra+M%3BConnors%2C+Helen&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychiatric Comorbidity: Occurrence and Treatment AN - 1474334332 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Miller, Norman S Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 261 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Psychiatric+Comorbidity%3A+Occurrence+and+Treatment&rft.au=Miller%2C+Norman+S&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Long-Term Perspective of FAS AN - 1474334319 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Streissguth, Ann P Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 74 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=A+Long-Term+Perspective+of+FAS&rft.au=Streissguth%2C+Ann+P&rft.aulast=Streissguth&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of Treatment in General Medicine Patients With Drinking Problems AN - 1474321960 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Buchsbaum, David Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 140 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321960?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+Treatment+in+General+Medicine+Patients+With+Drinking+Problems&rft.au=Buchsbaum%2C+David&rft.aulast=Buchsbaum&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative Teratogenicity of Alcohol and Other Drugs AN - 1474321839 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Day, Nancy L AU - Richardson, Gale A Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 42 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Comparative+Teratogenicity+of+Alcohol+and+Other+Drugs&rft.au=Day%2C+Nancy+L%3BRichardson%2C+Gale+A&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patient-Treatment Matching: Rationale and Results AN - 1474321644 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Mattson, Margaret E Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 287 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Patient-Treatment+Matching%3A+Rationale+and+Results&rft.au=Mattson%2C+Margaret+E&rft.aulast=Mattson&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical Recognition of FAS: Difficulties of Detection and Diagnosis AN - 1474321625 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Aase, Jon M Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 5 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Clinical+Recognition+of+FAS%3A+Difficulties+of+Detection+and+Diagnosis&rft.au=Aase%2C+Jon+M&rft.aulast=Aase&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol, Hormones, and Health in Postmenopausal Women AN - 1474321607 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Tivis, Laura J AU - Gavaler, Judith S Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 185 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%2C+Hormones%2C+and+Health+in+Postmenopausal+Women&rft.au=Tivis%2C+Laura+J%3BGavaler%2C+Judith+S&rft.aulast=Tivis&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Animal Research: Charting the Course for FAS AN - 1474321584 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Becker, Howard C AU - Randall, Carrie L AU - Salo, Allen L AU - Saulnier, Jocelynn L AU - Weathersby, R T Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 10 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Animal+Research%3A+Charting+the+Course+for+FAS&rft.au=Becker%2C+Howard+C%3BRandall%2C+Carrie+L%3BSalo%2C+Allen+L%3BSaulnier%2C+Jocelynn+L%3BWeathersby%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NIAAA's Epidemiologic Bulletin No. 34 Prevalence of Screening for Alcohol Use by Physicians During Routine Physical Examinations AN - 1474321481 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Deitz, Diane AU - Rohde, Fred AU - Bertolucci, Darryl AU - Dufour, Mary Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 162 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=NIAAA%27s+Epidemiologic+Bulletin+No.+34+Prevalence+of+Screening+for+Alcohol+Use+by+Physicians+During+Routine+Physical+Examinations&rft.au=Deitz%2C+Diane%3BRohde%2C+Fred%3BBertolucci%2C+Darryl%3BDufour%2C+Mary&rft.aulast=Deitz&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The General Internist AN - 1474321478 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - O' Connor, Patrick G Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 110 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Sports+participation+and+problem+alcohol+use%3A+a+multi-wave+national+sample+of+adolescents.&rft.au=Mays%2C+Darren%3BDepadilla%2C+Lara%3BThompson%2C+Nancy+J%3BKushner%2C+Howard+I%3BWindle%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Mays&rft.aufirst=Darren&rft.date=2010-05-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=1873-2607&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2010.01.023 DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cellular and Molecular Bases of Alcohol's Teratogenic Effects AN - 1474321462 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Michaelis, Elias K AU - Michaelis, Mary L Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 17 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Cellular+and+Molecular+Bases+of+Alcohol%27s+Teratogenic+Effects&rft.au=Michaelis%2C+Elias+K%3BMichaelis%2C+Mary+L&rft.aulast=Michaelis&rft.aufirst=Elias&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=1873-2607&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2010.01.023 DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cognitive Deficits in Alcoholic Women AN - 1474321385 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Nixon, Sara Jo Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 228 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Cognitive+Deficits+in+Alcoholic+Women&rft.au=Nixon%2C+Sara+Jo&rft.aulast=Nixon&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=1873-2607&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2010.01.023 DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical Education in Alcohol and Other Drugs: Curriculum Development for Primary Care AN - 1474321375 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - DUBÉ, CATHERINE E AU - Lewis, David C Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 146 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Medical+Education+in+Alcohol+and+Other+Drugs%3A+Curriculum+Development+for+Primary+Care&rft.au=DUB%C3%89%2C+CATHERINE+E%3BLewis%2C+David+C&rft.aulast=DUB%C3%89&rft.aufirst=CATHERINE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tracking the Prevalence of FAS AN - 1474321364 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - CORDERO, JOSÉ F AU - Floyd, R Louise AU - Martin, M Louise AU - Davis, Margarett AU - Hymbaugh, Karen Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 82 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Tracking+the+Prevalence+of+FAS&rft.au=CORDERO%2C+JOS%C3%89+F%3BFloyd%2C+R+Louise%3BMartin%2C+M+Louise%3BDavis%2C+Margarett%3BHymbaugh%2C+Karen&rft.aulast=CORDERO&rft.aufirst=JOS%C3%89&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=82&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Neurobehavioral Development: Where Is the Threshold? AN - 1474321276 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Jacobson, Joseph L AU - Jacobson, Sandra W Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 30 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Prenatal+Alcohol+Exposure+and+Neurobehavioral+Development%3A+Where+Is+the+Threshold%3F&rft.au=Jacobson%2C+Joseph+L%3BJacobson%2C+Sandra+W&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological State Markers of Alcohol Abuse AN - 1474321244 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Salaspuro, Mikko Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 131 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Biological+State+Markers+of+Alcohol+Abuse&rft.au=Salaspuro%2C+Mikko&rft.aulast=Salaspuro&rft.aufirst=Mikko&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches to Alcoholism Treatment AN - 1474321185 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Kadden, Ronald M Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 279 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Cognitive-Behavioral+Approaches+to+Alcoholism+Treatment&rft.au=Kadden%2C+Ronald+M&rft.aulast=Kadden&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Aspects of Alcohol Use and Alcoholism in Women AN - 1474321173 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Svikis, Dace S AU - Velez, Martha L AU - Pickens, Roy W Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 192 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Genetic+Aspects+of+Alcohol+Use+and+Alcoholism+in+Women&rft.au=Svikis%2C+Dace+S%3BVelez%2C+Martha+L%3BPickens%2C+Roy+W&rft.aulast=Svikis&rft.aufirst=Dace&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MRI and Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Images Provide Insight Into FAS AN - 1474321140 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Mattson, Sarah N AU - Jernigan, Terry L AU - Riley, Edward P Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 49 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=MRI+and+Prenatal+Alcohol+Exposure%3A+Images+Provide+Insight+Into+FAS&rft.au=Mattson%2C+Sarah+N%3BJernigan%2C+Terry+L%3BRiley%2C+Edward+P&rft.aulast=Mattson&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Critical Periods for Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Evidence From Animal and Human Studies AN - 1474321133 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Coles, Claire Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 22 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Critical+Periods+for+Prenatal+Alcohol+Exposure%3A+Evidence+From+Animal+and+Human+Studies&rft.au=Coles%2C+Claire&rft.aulast=Coles&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Naltrexone and the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence AN - 1474321104 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Volpicelli, Joseph R AU - Clay, Karen L AU - Watson, Nathan T AU - Volpicelli, Laura A Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 272 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Naltrexone+and+the+Treatment+of+Alcohol+Dependence&rft.au=Volpicelli%2C+Joseph+R%3BClay%2C+Karen+L%3BWatson%2C+Nathan+T%3BVolpicelli%2C+Laura+A&rft.aulast=Volpicelli&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medications for Treating Alcoholism AN - 1474321090 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Anton, Raymond F Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 265 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Medications+for+Treating+Alcoholism&rft.au=Anton%2C+Raymond+F&rft.aulast=Anton&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mandated Treatment: Lessons From Research With Drinking and Driving Offenders AN - 1474317782 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Wells-Parker, Elisabeth Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 302 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Mandated+Treatment%3A+Lessons+From+Research+With+Drinking+and+Driving+Offenders&rft.au=Wells-Parker%2C+Elisabeth&rft.aulast=Wells-Parker&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Primary Care Practitioner's Role in the Prevention and Management of Alcohol Problems AN - 1474317780 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Bradley, Katharine A Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 97 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Primary+Care+Practitioner%27s+Role+in+the+Prevention+and+Management+of+Alcohol+Problems&rft.au=Bradley%2C+Katharine+A&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Katharine&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FAS Prevention Strategies: Passive and Active Measures AN - 1474317779 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Hankin, Janet R Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 62 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=FAS+Prevention+Strategies%3A+Passive+and+Active+Measures&rft.au=Hankin%2C+Janet+R&rft.aulast=Hankin&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcoholics Anonymous: Who Benefits? AN - 1474317744 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Tonigan, J Scott AU - HILLER-STURMHÖFEL, SUSANNE Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 308 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcoholics+Anonymous%3A+Who+Benefits%3F&rft.au=Tonigan%2C+J+Scott%3BHILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL%2C+SUSANNE&rft.aulast=Tonigan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Paternal Exposure to Alcohol on Offspring Development AN - 1474317646 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Cicero, Theodore J Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 37 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Paternal+Exposure+to+Alcohol+on+Offspring+Development&rft.au=Cicero%2C+Theodore+J&rft.aulast=Cicero&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Factors for Drinking Over a Woman's Life Span AN - 1474317619 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Gomberg, Edith S Lisansky Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 220 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Risk+Factors+for+Drinking+Over+a+Woman%27s+Life+Span&rft.au=Gomberg%2C+Edith+S+Lisansky&rft.aulast=Gomberg&rft.aufirst=Edith+S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of Adolescent Alcohol Abuse and Dependence AN - 1474317606 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Bukstein, Oscar G Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 296 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+Adolescent+Alcohol+Abuse+and+Dependence&rft.au=Bukstein%2C+Oscar+G&rft.aulast=Bukstein&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NIAAA's Epidemiologic Bulletin No. 35 Prevalence of DSM - IV Alcohol Abuse and Dependence: United States, 1992 AN - 1474317597 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Grant, Bridget F AU - Harford, Thomas C AU - Dawson, Deborah A AU - Chou, Patricia AU - Dufour, Mary AU - Pickering, Roger Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 243 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=NIAAA%27s+Epidemiologic+Bulletin+No.+35+Prevalence+of+DSM+-+IV+Alcohol+Abuse+and+Dependence%3A+United+States%2C+1992&rft.au=Grant%2C+Bridget+F%3BHarford%2C+Thomas+C%3BDawson%2C+Deborah+A%3BChou%2C+Patricia%3BDufour%2C+Mary%3BPickering%2C+Roger&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Bridget&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking and Alcohol-Related Problems Among Minority Women AN - 1474317562 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Caetano, Raul Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 233 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Drinking+and+Alcohol-Related+Problems+Among+Minority+Women&rft.au=Caetano%2C+Raul&rft.aulast=Caetano&rft.aufirst=Raul&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcoholism Treatment in the United States AN - 1474317408 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - McCaul, Mary E AU - Furst, Janice Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 253 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcoholism+Treatment+in+the+United+States&rft.au=McCaul%2C+Mary+E%3BFurst%2C+Janice&rft.aulast=McCaul&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Pediatrician AN - 1474317316 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Adger, Hoover AU - Werner, Mark J Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 121 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Pediatrician&rft.au=Adger%2C+Hoover%3BWerner%2C+Mark+J&rft.aulast=Adger&rft.aufirst=Hoover&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intervention and the Child With FAS AN - 1474317286 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Weiner, Lyn AU - Morse, Barbara A Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 67 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Intervention+and+the+Child+With+FAS&rft.au=Weiner%2C+Lyn%3BMorse%2C+Barbara+A&rft.aulast=Weiner&rft.aufirst=Lyn&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Obstetrician/Gynecologist AN - 1474317261 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Thorp, John M AU - HILLER-STURMHÖFEL, SUSANNE Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 117 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Obstetrician%2FGynecologist&rft.au=Thorp%2C+John+M%3BHILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL%2C+SUSANNE&rft.aulast=Thorp&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Family Physician AN - 1474317193 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Barry, Kristen L AU - Fleming, Michael F Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 105 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Family+Physician&rft.au=Barry%2C+Kristen+L%3BFleming%2C+Michael+F&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=Kristen&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How Women Drink: Epidemiology of Women's Drinking and Problem Drinking AN - 1474317009 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Wilsnack, Sharon C AU - Wilsnack, Richard W AU - HILLER-STURMHÖFEL, SUSANNE Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 173 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=How+Women+Drink%3A+Epidemiology+of+Women%27s+Drinking+and+Problem+Drinking&rft.au=Wilsnack%2C+Sharon+C%3BWilsnack%2C+Richard+W%3BHILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL%2C+SUSANNE&rft.aulast=Wilsnack&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liver Transplantation and Alcoholism Rehabilitation AN - 1474316957 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Beresford, Thomas Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 310 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Liver+Transplantation+and+Alcoholism+Rehabilitation&rft.au=Beresford%2C+Thomas&rft.aulast=Beresford&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Economic Cost of FAS AN - 1474316900 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Bloss, Gregory Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 53 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Economic+Cost+of+FAS&rft.au=Bloss%2C+Gregory&rft.aulast=Bloss&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and Female Sexuality: A Look at Expectancies and Risks AN - 1474316873 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Norris, Jeanette Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 197 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+Female+Sexuality%3A+A+Look+at+Expectancies+and+Risks&rft.au=Norris%2C+Jeanette&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Jeanette&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Assessment Tools for Risk Drinking During Pregnancy: T-ACE, TWEAK, and Others AN - 1474316816 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Russell, Marcia Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 55 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=New+Assessment+Tools+for+Risk+Drinking+During+Pregnancy%3A+T-ACE%2C+TWEAK%2C+and+Others&rft.au=Russell%2C+Marcia&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Marcia&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modifications to the computer program TENSOR2D AN - 13670412; S199953268 AB - The U.S. Geological Survey computer code TENSOR2D computes the directional components of the anisotropic transmissivity tensor of 2-dimensional groundwater flow. It previously required the use of mathematical library programs, but has now been modified to run on personal computers. The revised code conforms to the Fortran 77 standard and could be applied to aquifer systems of varying levels of confinement by selecting match-point data from the type-curve family that best describes the aquifer system concerned. JF - Ground Water AU - Maslia, M L AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Ga. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 501 EP - 502 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0017-467X, 0017-467X KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13670412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water&rft.atitle=Modifications+to+the+computer+program+TENSOR2D&rft.au=Maslia%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Maslia&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water&rft.issn=0017467X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of polychlorinated biphenyl levels in the serum of residents and in the homogenates of seafood from the New Bedford, Massachusetts, area: a comparison of exposure sources through pattern recognition techniques AN - 13666232; S199952236 AB - Serum PCB levels were measured in 23 residents of New Bedford, Mass., U.S.A., and from 2 homogenates each of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) and lobsters (Homarus americanus) from the same area. Congener-specific and total Arochlor quantitative approaches were used. Univariate and multivariate quality control approaches were used to monitor the analyses. Levels of chlorinated pesticides were also measured in 2 groups of New Bedford residues, those with high PCB levels and those with low PCB levels. Those with high PCB levels had higher levels of hexachlorobenzene and p,p'-DDE. The concentrations were related to employment in the capacitor industry and/or seafood consumption. Gas chromatographic patterns of PCB found in the serum of New Bedford residents with high serum PCB were similar to patterns found in lobster homogenates and goats fed with Aroclor 1254. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Burse, V W AU - Groce, D F AU - Caudill, S P AU - Korver, M P AU - Phillips, D L AU - McClure, P C AU - Lapeza, C R AU - Head, S L AU - Miller, D T AU - Buckley, D J AU - Nassif, J AU - Timperi, R J AU - George, P M AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Ga. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 153 EP - 177 VL - 144 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Analysis KW - Goat KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13666232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Determination+of+polychlorinated+biphenyl+levels+in+the+serum+of+residents+and+in+the+homogenates+of+seafood+from+the+New+Bedford%2C+Massachusetts%2C+area%3A+a+comparison+of+exposure+sources+through+pattern+recognition+techniques&rft.au=Burse%2C+V+W%3BGroce%2C+D+F%3BCaudill%2C+S+P%3BKorver%2C+M+P%3BPhillips%2C+D+L%3BMcClure%2C+P+C%3BLapeza%2C+C+R%3BHead%2C+S+L%3BMiller%2C+D+T%3BBuckley%2C+D+J%3BNassif%2C+J%3BTimperi%2C+R+J%3BGeorge%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Burse&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The absence of a synergistic protective effect of beta-carotene and vitamin E on skin tumorigenesis in mice. AN - 76248286; 8129306 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Lambert, L A AU - Wamer, W G AU - Wei, R R AU - Lavu, S AU - Kornhauser, A AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1993/12/31/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 31 SP - 259 EP - 261 VL - 691 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Carotenoids KW - 36-88-4 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Diet KW - Drug Synergism KW - Time Factors KW - Carotenoids -- therapeutic use KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Skin Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Vitamin E -- therapeutic use KW - Skin Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Skin Neoplasms -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76248286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+absence+of+a+synergistic+protective+effect+of+beta-carotene+and+vitamin+E+on+skin+tumorigenesis+in+mice.&rft.au=Lambert%2C+L+A%3BWamer%2C+W+G%3BWei%2C+R+R%3BLavu%2C+S%3BKornhauser%2C+A&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-12-31&rft.volume=691&rft.issue=&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 76249737; 8133573 JF - JAMA AU - Nightingale, S L AD - Office of Health Affairs, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/12/08/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 08 SP - 2669 VL - 270 IS - 22 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Drugs, Investigational KW - 0 KW - Metformin KW - 9100L32L2N KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Heart Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Metformin -- therapeutic use KW - Drugs, Investigational -- therapeutic use KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 -- drug therapy KW - Aspirin -- adverse effects KW - Aspirin -- therapeutic use KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Drug Labeling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76249737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-08&rft.volume=270&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=2669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to methyl tert-butyl ether and benzene among service station attendants and operators. AN - 76288228; 8020445 AB - Concerns for atmospheric pollution from auto exhaust have led to the blending of "oxygenates" with motor fuels. The most common oxygenate, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is currently required within several metropolitan areas (Denver and Phoenix) in the range of 12% of the motor fuel. Amendments to the Clean Air Act may expand this requirement to as many as 44 other areas of the United States in the near future. In consideration of the magnitude of potential uncontrolled exposures from its extensive use and a related concern involving the potential influence of MTBE blending on exposures to other constituents of gasoline (particularly benzene), an evaluation of exposures among service station attendants and operators was undertaken at the request, and in cooperation with, the American Petroleum Institute during the latter part of 1990. For application of the survey results to a broad audience, three categories or types of service stations were identified with regard to MTBE use and exposure potential: a) service stations that do not use MTBE or use it only as an octane enhancer, b) service stations with seasonal requirements to use 12-15% MTBE (the Denver, Colorado, and Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan areas), and c) service stations equipped with stage II (active) vapor recovery systems (several coastal areas, most notably Southern California). At the two sampled service stations that use only minimal amounts of MTBE (less than 1%), only 1 of 32 personal breathing zone (PBZ) samples from attendants was above the analytical limit of detection, reported at 0.16 ppm. The geometric mean concentration of benzene among this same population (n = 32) was 0.04 ppm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Hartle, R AD - Robert A. Taft Laboratories, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 23 EP - 26 VL - 101 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Ethers KW - 0 KW - Gasoline KW - Methyl Ethers KW - Solvents KW - methyl tert-butyl ether KW - 29I4YB3S89 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Air Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Gasoline -- analysis KW - Gasoline -- adverse effects KW - Solvents -- adverse effects KW - Ethers -- adverse effects KW - Benzene -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76288228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+methyl+tert-butyl+ether+and+benzene+among+service+station+attendants+and+operators.&rft.au=Hartle%2C+R&rft.aulast=Hartle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral effects of methylazoxymethanol-induced micrencephaly. AN - 76250074; 8136060 AB - This study was prompted by reports of functionally normal humans with micrencephaly or cortical hypoplasia. Methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) treatment, which induces micrencephaly in rats, was administered by injection (20 mg/kg) on gestational day 14. Prior to weaning and into adulthood, offspring were assessed on many behavioral tests. There were 3 findings. First, MAM rats (forebrain weight less than 2/3 of controls) were not profoundly hyperactive. Increased activity was seen only on prolonged tests or after amphetamine administration. Second, MAM rats were hypoactive in some conditions. These rats were light shy and less likely to explore lighted areas. MAM rats appeared hyperreactive to environmental stimuli, but not hyperactive. Finally, no MAM effect on behavior was as large as that on brain weight. Thus, as with clinical findings, rat micrencephalics are more remarkable for functional sparing than for behavioral abnormalities. JF - Behavioral neuroscience AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Racey, F D AU - Paule, M G AU - Holson, R R AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1067 EP - 1076 VL - 107 IS - 6 SN - 0735-7044, 0735-7044 KW - Alkylating Agents KW - 0 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate KW - 592-62-1 KW - methylazoxymethanol KW - JGG19N3YDQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Discrimination Learning -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Association Learning -- drug effects KW - Conditioning, Classical -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Arousal -- drug effects KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Orientation -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Problem Solving -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Alkylating Agents -- pharmacology KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- analogs & derivatives KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76250074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Behavioral+effects+of+methylazoxymethanol-induced+micrencephaly.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S+A%3BRacey%2C+F+D%3BPaule%2C+M+G%3BHolson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1067&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioral+neuroscience&rft.issn=07357044&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-response and concentration-response relationships: clinical and regulatory perspectives. AN - 76249154; 8122284 AB - There are a number of effective but highly toxic drugs that exhibit a narrow therapeutic index and marked intersubject variability in pharmacokinetics (PK). Examples of these drugs included digoxin, theophylline, aminoglycosides, and anticancer (methotrexate) and immunosuppressive agents (cyclosporin A and FK-506). Optimal therapy with such drugs requires therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in order to safely obtain the desired clinical effects. The success of concentration-guided therapy with these drugs underscores the importance of using TDM and pharmacodynamic response (PD) to establish an appropriate balance of efficacy and toxicity through individualization of dosing. Although dose control has been the traditional paradigm for defining efficacy, safety, and dose response, it has recently been proposed that a concentration-oriented strategy of drug evaluation may facilitate the discovery of optimal doses and expedite new drug approval. However, as in medical therapeutics, the implementation of concentration-guided drug development may add to the complexity and cost. Therefore, it is important to assess the relative merits and limitations of dose-response and concentration-response (CR) strategies for establishing rational dosage information (e.g., a useful therapeutic range). Critical factors that have an effect on the ability to characterize dose-response/concentration-response relationships in clinical trials include study design, compliance, method of analysis, and sources of pharmacologic (PK-PD) variability. In this report, we describe the state of the art, based on a selected survey of successful dose-response studies. We give an example of a promising alternative strategy for evaluating CR for an immunosuppressive drug (FK-506) based on target drug concentrations extrapolated from preclinical models. JF - Therapeutic drug monitoring AU - Lieberman, R AU - Nelson, R AD - Staff College of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 498 EP - 502 VL - 15 IS - 6 SN - 0163-4356, 0163-4356 KW - Immunosuppressive Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Databases, Factual KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- pharmacology KW - Drug Monitoring -- methods KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Pharmacoepidemiology KW - Drug Approval -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76249154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Therapeutic+drug+monitoring&rft.atitle=Dose-response+and+concentration-response+relationships%3A+clinical+and+regulatory+perspectives.&rft.au=Lieberman%2C+R%3BNelson%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lieberman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=498&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Therapeutic+drug+monitoring&rft.issn=01634356&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing toxicologic and epidemiologic studies: methylene chloride--a case study. AN - 76222688; 8310163 AB - Exposure to methylene chloride induces lung and liver cancers in mice. The mouse bioassay data have been used as the basis for several cancer risk assessments. The results from epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to methylene chloride have been mixed with respect to demonstrating an increased cancer risk. The results from a negative epidemiologic study of Kodak workers have been used by two groups of investigators to test the predictions from the EPA risk assessment models. These two groups used very different approaches to this problem, which resulted in opposite conclusions regarding the consistency between the animal model predictions and the Kodak study results. The results from the Kodak study are used to test the predictions from OSHA's multistage models of liver and lung cancer risk. Confidence intervals for the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) from the Kodak study are compared with the predicted confidence intervals derived from OSHA's risk assessment models. Adjustments for the "healthy worker effect," differences in length of follow-up, and dosimetry between animals and humans were incorporated into these comparisons. Based on these comparisons, we conclude that the negative results from the Kodak study are not inconsistent with the predictions from OSHA's risk assessment model. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Stayner, L T AU - Bailer, A J AD - Risk Assessment Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 667 EP - 673 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Mice KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Male KW - Female KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Methylene Chloride -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Liver Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76222688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Comparing+toxicologic+and+epidemiologic+studies%3A+methylene+chloride--a+case+study.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L+T%3BBailer%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antiviral activity of gilvocarcin V plus UVA radiation. AN - 76217988; 8310002 AB - Gilvocarcin V (GV), a coumarin, is a nucleic acid photosensitizer that is phototoxic to bacteria and mammalian cells at picomolar levels in the presence of near-UV radiation (UVA). We evaluated the effectiveness of GV plus UVA for inactivation of several viruses, including herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV) and the bacterial viruses phi X174, T7, PRD1 and phi 6. Some inactivation of the bacterial viruses was observed with UVA radiation alone (4-50% survival at 26 kJ/m2). Additional photosensitized inactivation was observed only with T7 and phi 6 at 2.0 microM GV. On the other hand, HSV was photoinactivated with concentrations of GV three orders of magnitude lower (1.0 nM). Similar to the case with UV (254 nm) inactivation, the GV-UVA survival curve for HSV indicated multicomponent inactivation kinetics, which could not be explained by photobleaching of GV. The wide range of photosensitivities of these viruses to GV cannot be adequately explained by models based only on viral nucleic acid content or presence of lipid envelopes. JF - Photochemistry and photobiology AU - Lytle, C D AU - Wagner, S J AU - Prodouz, K N AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 818 EP - 821 VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - Aminoglycosides KW - 0 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - Coumarins KW - Glycosides KW - Intercalating Agents KW - Photosensitizing Agents KW - gilvocarcin V KW - 77879-90-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Simplexvirus -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Bacteriophages -- radiation effects KW - Simplexvirus -- radiation effects KW - Bacteriophages -- drug effects KW - Intercalating Agents -- pharmacology KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Viruses -- radiation effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Viruses -- drug effects KW - Photosensitizing Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76217988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.atitle=Antiviral+activity+of+gilvocarcin+V+plus+UVA+radiation.&rft.au=Lytle%2C+C+D%3BWagner%2C+S+J%3BProdouz%2C+K+N&rft.aulast=Lytle&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=818&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-16 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment for aflatoxin: an evaluation based on the multistage model. AN - 76217070; 8310162 AB - Lifetime cancer potency of aflatoxin was assessed based on the Yeh et al. study from China in which both aflatoxin exposure and hepatitis B prevalence were measured. This study provides the best available information for estimating the carcinogenic risk posed by aflatoxin to the U.S. population. Cancer potency of aflatoxin was estimated using a biologically motivated risk assessment model. The best estimate of aflatoxin potency was 9 (mg/kg/day)-1 for individuals negative for hepatitis B and 230 (mg/kg/day)-1 for individuals positive for hepatitis B. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Bowers, J AU - Brown, B AU - Springer, J AU - Tollefson, L AU - Lorentzen, R AU - Henry, S AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, D.C. 20204. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 637 EP - 642 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hepatitis B -- complications KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Risk KW - Liver Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Models, Biological KW - Aflatoxins -- adverse effects KW - Aflatoxins -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76217070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+for+aflatoxin%3A+an+evaluation+based+on+the+multistage+model.&rft.au=Bowers%2C+J%3BBrown%2C+B%3BSpringer%2C+J%3BTollefson%2C+L%3BLorentzen%2C+R%3BHenry%2C+S&rft.aulast=Bowers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation and control of worker exposure to fungi in a beet sugar refinery. AN - 76207685; 8304278 AB - A study of worker exposure to airborne fungi was undertaken in a sugar beet refinery to evaluate the level of exposure and to determine if controls could be implemented that would lower these exposures. A previous study at this refinery identified one worker who reacted on challenge testing to the moldy but not the fresh sugar beet pulp, had specific Immunoglobulin G to Aspergillus niger, and specific Immunoglobulin E to Aspergillus. Also, two employees were diagnosed with occupational asthma. In the study reported here, two field surveys were conducted, the first during the sugar production campaign (January) and the second during postproduction cleanup and maintenance (June). Approximately 65 personal and area air samples were collected on polycarbonate filters and the culturable fungal spores were identified and enumerated. This study showed high exposure of pellet loaders and pellet silo workers to various species of Aspergillus. Other fungal species that might pose a health hazard were detected. Exposures to fungi during the postproduction cleanup and maintenance phase were much higher than those measured during the production campaign. Engineering controls that would reduce employee exposure are discussed. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Jensen, P A AU - Todd, W F AU - Hart, M E AU - Mickelsen, R L AU - O'Brien, D M AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 742 EP - 748 VL - 54 IS - 12 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Design KW - Aspergillus -- isolation & purification KW - Penicillium -- isolation & purification KW - Humans KW - Cladosporium -- isolation & purification KW - Vegetables -- microbiology KW - Spores, Fungal -- isolation & purification KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Air Microbiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76207685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Evaluation+and+control+of+worker+exposure+to+fungi+in+a+beet+sugar+refinery.&rft.au=Jensen%2C+P+A%3BTodd%2C+W+F%3BHart%2C+M+E%3BMickelsen%2C+R+L%3BO%27Brien%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=742&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-07 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of caloric restriction in animals on cellular function, oncogene expression, and DNA methylation in vitro. AN - 76206334; 7507563 AB - While the life-extending and disease-modulating effects of caloric restriction (CR) are well documented in whole animal studies and in correlative experiments using cells taken from CR animals, very few studies have used cells in culture after their removal from the CR-fed animal. In using this in vivo-->in vitro approach we have attempted to examine the proposition that the effects of CR can be transferred to individual cells by analyzing the cellular functions of proliferation and transformation, the activation of oncogenes, and the methylation of DNA as a function only of diet. Pancreatic acinar cells excised from CR-fed Brown-Norway rats and placed in rich medium showed different responses compared to cells from ad libitum (AL)-fed controls. CR had the effect of slowing growth rate and protecting against spontaneous and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced transformation over 14 passages of cells in culture. At the molecular level, cells from the CR animals showed reduced c-Ha-ras oncogene expression and mutation as well as reduced mutation of the p53 suppressor gene. CR also increased genomic methylation of ras DNA. We conclude that the effects of CR treatment of the animal are transferred to individual cells and note that these responses (decreased proliferation and transformation; depressed oncogene expression and mutation and decreased suppressor gene mutation; and increased oncogene methylation) are cellular and molecular analogs of in vivo weight loss, life extension, and carcinogenesis modulation, which are hallmarks of CR in the whole animal. The fact that these responses are seen generations after the cells are removed from the CR-treated animal indicates that CR causes a permanent predisposition of pancreatic acinar cells to these modulated responses and shows the value of the in vivo-->in vitro protocol in studies that relate diet to cellular and molecular function. JF - Mutation research AU - Hass, B S AU - Hart, R W AU - Lu, M H AU - Lyn-Cook, B D AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 281 EP - 289 VL - 295 IS - 4-6 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Gene Expression KW - Methylation KW - Oncogenes KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Energy Intake UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76206334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+caloric+restriction+in+animals+on+cellular+function%2C+oncogene+expression%2C+and+DNA+methylation+in+vitro.&rft.au=Hass%2C+B+S%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BLu%2C+M+H%3BLyn-Cook%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Hass&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=295&rft.issue=4-6&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-03 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of caloric restriction on the metabolic activation of xenobiotics. AN - 76204988; 7507559 AB - The effect of caloric restriction (CR) on xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities results in alterations in the metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens, with a resultant impact on DNA-carcinogen adduct formation and DNA repair. Using aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and benzo[a]pyrene (BP) as model carcinogens, we studied the effect of CR on the metabolic activation of these carcinogens and carcinogen-induced DNA damage and repair in terms of AFB1-DNA and BP-DNA adduct formation and removal. Male Fischer 344 rats fed calorie restricted diets (60% of the food consumption for ad libitum-fed rats) showed a reduction in the metabolic activation of AFB1 and decrease in both the in vitro and in vivo AFB1-DNA adduct formation. However, CR increased the activity of BP metabolizing enzymes resulting in an enhancement of BP-DNA adduct formation. Our results indicate that the effect of CR on metabolic activation of xenobiotics is dependent upon the selected xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes whose activities may be significantly altered by CR, and upon the nature of the chemical carcinogens which exert different structure-activity relationships during the process of chemically induced carcinogenesis. JF - Mutation research AU - Chou, M W AU - Kong, J AU - Chung, K T AU - Hart, R W AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 223 EP - 235 VL - 295 IS - 4-6 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Xenobiotics KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Biotransformation KW - Male KW - Xenobiotics -- pharmacokinetics KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Energy Intake KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76204988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+caloric+restriction+on+the+metabolic+activation+of+xenobiotics.&rft.au=Chou%2C+M+W%3BKong%2C+J%3BChung%2C+K+T%3BHart%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=295&rft.issue=4-6&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-03 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of caloric restriction on rodent drug and carcinogen metabolizing enzymes: implications for mutagenesis and cancer. AN - 76204970; 7507558 AB - Caloric restriction in rodents results in increased longevity and a decreased rate of spontaneous and chemically induced neoplasia. The low rates of spontaneous neoplasia and other pathologies have made calorically restricted rodents attractive for use in chronic bioassays. However, caloric restriction also alters hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme (DME) expression and so may also alter the biotransformation rates of test chemicals. These alterations in DME expression may be divided into two types: (1) those that are the direct result of caloric restriction itself and are detectable from shortly after the restriction is initiated; (2) those which are the result of pathological conditions that are delayed by caloric restriction. These latter alterations do not usually become apparent until late in the life of the organism. In rats, the largest direct effect of caloric restriction on liver DMEs is an apparent de-differentiation of sex-specific enzyme expression. This includes a 40-70% decrease in cytochrome P450 2C11 (CYP2C11) expression in males and a 20-30% reduction of corticosterone sulfotransferase activity in females. Changes in DME activities that occur late in life in calorically restricted rats include a stimulation of CYP2E1-dependent 4-nitrophenol hydroxylase activity and a delay in the disappearance of male-specific enzyme activities in senescent males. It is probable that altered DME expression is associated with altered metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens. For example the relative expression of hepatic CYP2C11 in ad libitum-fed or calorically restricted rats of different ages is closely correlated with the amount of genetic damage in 2-acetylaminofluorene- or aflatoxin B1-pretreated hepatocytes isolated from rats of the same age and caloric intake. This suggests that altered hepatic drug and carcinogen metabolism in calorically restricted rats can influence the carcinogenicity of test chemicals. JF - Mutation research AU - Manjgaladze, M AU - Chen, S AU - Frame, L T AU - Seng, J E AU - Duffy, P H AU - Feuers, R J AU - Hart, R W AU - Leakey, J E AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 201 EP - 222 VL - 295 IS - 4-6 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- enzymology KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Energy Intake KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76204970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+caloric+restriction+on+rodent+drug+and+carcinogen+metabolizing+enzymes%3A+implications+for+mutagenesis+and+cancer.&rft.au=Manjgaladze%2C+M%3BChen%2C+S%3BFrame%2C+L+T%3BSeng%2C+J+E%3BDuffy%2C+P+H%3BFeuers%2C+R+J%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BLeakey%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Manjgaladze&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=295&rft.issue=4-6&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-03 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foetal development in rats fed AIN-76A diets supplemented with excess calcium. AN - 76153105; 8282279 AB - This study was designed to evaluate the developmental effects of moderate dietary calcium increases in rats fed nutritionally adequate diets. Female Charles River CD/VAF Plus rats were given 0.50 (control), 0.75, 1.00 or 1.25% dietary calcium as calcium carbonate in AIN-76A diets for 6 wk before mating, during mating and for 20 days of gestation. On gestation day 20, the animals were killed and caesarean sections were performed. Both the non-pregnant and pregnant rats in the 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25% groups ate slightly more than did the control group during most of the intervals measured, but not all the increases were statistically significant. There was no consistent pattern of increase or decrease in weight gain. No dose-related changes were found in maternal clinical findings, the average number of implantations, resorptions and viable foetuses, or foetal length or weight. Under the conditions of the study, there were no statistically significant increases as compared with the control group in the litter incidence regarding specific external, visceral or skeletal variations of the foetuses. Dietary calcium was neither foetotoxic nor teratogenic at the concentrations used. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Shackelford, M E AU - Collins, T F AU - Welsh, J J AU - Black, T N AU - Ames, M J AU - Chi, R K AU - O'Donnell, M W AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 953 EP - 961 VL - 31 IS - 12 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Calcium, Dietary KW - 0 KW - Calcium Carbonate KW - H0G9379FGK KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Sternum -- embryology KW - Random Allocation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Sternum -- drug effects KW - Fetal Resorption -- chemically induced KW - Viscera -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Viscera -- embryology KW - Bone and Bones -- drug effects KW - Cesarean Section KW - Female KW - Male KW - Bone and Bones -- embryology KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Calcium Carbonate -- toxicity KW - Calcium, Dietary -- toxicity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76153105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Foetal+development+in+rats+fed+AIN-76A+diets+supplemented+with+excess+calcium.&rft.au=Shackelford%2C+M+E%3BCollins%2C+T+F%3BWelsh%2C+J+J%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BAmes%2C+M+J%3BChi%2C+R+K%3BO%27Donnell%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Shackelford&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=953&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-16 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunogenicity of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Alaska Native chronic alcoholics compared with nonalcoholic Native and non-Native controls. AN - 76111773; 8259775 AB - This study was designed to evaluate the immunogenicity of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Alaska Native chronic alcoholics and compare these responses with those in age- and sex-matched nonalcoholic, Native and non-Native control subjects. Native alcoholic patients were recruited from the inpatient medical service and outpatient clinics. Healthy age- and sex-matched Alaska Native and non-Native nonalcoholics were recruited from hospital employees. At the initial visit, a standardized questionnaire, the Alcohol Dependency Scale, was administered to all participants. Participants were examined for liver diseases; blood was drawn for liver function tests and prevaccination pneumococcal antibody levels. Charts of all Native participants were reviewed for alcohol-related diseases. Participants received one dose of the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine at the time of the initial visit and returned 20 to 55 days after immunization for liver function tests and pneumococcal antibody level measurement. Serotype-specific pneumococcal antibody levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the proportion of persons whose serotype-specific antibody level doubled following vaccination. A model including adjustments for age, sex, and initial antibody level was used to examine the effect of alcohol status and ethnicity on response to the vaccine. Eighty-five persons completed the study. Of these, 41 were chronic alcoholics and 44 were nonalcoholic. Of these, 21 were Alaska Natives and 23 were non-Natives. Before vaccination, the geometric mean titers (GMTs) were similar in all 3 groups but were slightly higher in Native alcoholic participants for 11 of 12 serotypes tested. For 11 or more serotypes tested, 46% of alcoholics and 27% of nonalcoholics had total antibody levels at or above 500 nanograms of antibody nitrogen per milliliter (p = 0.11). After vaccination, the GMTs were higher in nonalcoholic than in alcoholic participants for serotypes 3, 7F, and 19F (p < 0.05). When Natives and non-Natives were compared, non-Natives had higher antibody levels than Native participants for 10 of 12 serotypes. After vaccination, 83% of alcoholics and 91% of nonalcoholics had pneumococcal antibody levels of more than 500 nanograms of antibody nitrogen per milliliter for at least 11 serotypes. When responses consisting of a twofold or greater increase in antibody level were compared, a greater proportion of nonalcoholics than alcoholics responded to serotypes 3, 4, 7F, 8, and 19F. This difference was significant for types 3 and 19F only (p < 0.05). In alcoholics there was a direct correlation between pneumococcal antibody level and age both before and after vaccination. This was significant before vaccination for serotypes 4, 6B, 18C, and 23F, and after vaccination for these types and for types 1 and 19F. In nonalcoholics there was a correlation between age and antibody response, following vaccination, for serotype 9N and 18C. Alcoholic males had antibody levels higher than that in females for most serotypes, but significantly so only for serotype 12F before vaccination, and for type 14 after vaccination. There were no sex differences seen among nonalcoholics, and no differences in response to vaccine could be detected in patients with or without liver dysfunction. In this study of Alaska Natives with chronic alcoholism, Native and non-Native participants responded adequately to immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine, although significant differences in some serotypes were evident. JF - The American journal of medicine AU - McMahon, B J AU - Parkinson, A J AU - Bulkow, L AU - Davidson, M AU - Wainwright, K AU - Wolfe, P AU - Schiffman, G S AD - Alaska Area Native Health Service, Indian Health Service, U.S. Public Health Service, Anchorage. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 589 EP - 594 VL - 95 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9343, 0002-9343 KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Vaccines KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- blood KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Alaska KW - Liver Function Tests KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - Male KW - Female KW - Inuits KW - Bacterial Vaccines -- immunology KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae -- immunology KW - Alcoholism -- ethnology KW - Alcoholism -- physiopathology KW - Alcoholism -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76111773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Immunogenicity+of+the+23-valent+pneumococcal+polysaccharide+vaccine+in+Alaska+Native+chronic+alcoholics+compared+with+nonalcoholic+Native+and+non-Native+controls.&rft.au=McMahon%2C+B+J%3BParkinson%2C+A+J%3BBulkow%2C+L%3BDavidson%2C+M%3BWainwright%2C+K%3BWolfe%2C+P%3BSchiffman%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=McMahon&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=00029343&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Creating a 21st Century Head Start. Final Report of the Advisory Committee on Head Start Quality and Expansion. AN - 62810600; ED367492 AB - The Advisory Committee on Head Start Quality and Expansion was created by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in June 1993 to review the Head Start program and make recommendations for improvement and expansion. The report recommends that HHS: (1) develop new initiatives to utilize qualified "mentor teachers" to provide supervision and support to classroom staff, establish competency-based training for staff who work directly with families, and increase staffing levels and staff compensation; (2) review and expand current resources used for family services, parent education, and family literacy; and (3) encourage community and school partnerships to ensure continuity of services, facilitate state and local collaboration, and link Head Start with other national initiatives. Overall, HHS should continue to show leadership in looking across programs to ensure that policies consistently promote quality services for young children and their families. Biographical sketches of the committee's 47 members are included. (MDM) Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 94 KW - Department of Health and Human Services KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parent Education KW - Compensation (Remuneration) KW - School Community Relationship KW - Young Children KW - Government Role KW - Teacher Education KW - Mentors KW - Partnerships in Education KW - Program Improvement KW - Preschool Education KW - Family Programs KW - Federal Programs KW - Biographical Inventories UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62810600?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Elementary Youth. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs Resource Guide. AN - 62710478; ED376425 AB - This curriculum is designed to address several facets of intervention involving children of alcoholics and other students at high-risk. While the guide was intended to be used in rural school districts, the basic information may be helpful for all communities. The curriculum includes eight sessions devised to identify, teach, and intervene with youngsters at-risk. Sessions contain handouts, overheads, and activities. The guide was written for teachers, parents, and prevention specialists to help them inculcate children with healthy, positive messages. It lists resources such as comic books, posters, t-shirts and other materials intended to capture the attention and enthusiasm of elementary youth. Also included is a list of groups, organizations, and programs for elementary youth. (RJM) Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 29 KW - Al Anon KW - Department of Health and Human Services KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Elementary Education KW - At Risk Persons KW - Elementary School Students KW - Substance Abuse KW - Child Health KW - Mental Health KW - Health Education KW - Children KW - Child Welfare KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Education KW - Youth Problems KW - Resources KW - Elementary Education KW - At Risk Persons KW - Elementary School Students KW - Substance Abuse KW - Child Health KW - Mental Health KW - Health Education KW - Children KW - Child Welfare KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Education KW - Youth Problems KW - Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62710478?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of human lung tissue for studies of structural changes associated with chronic ozone exposure: opportunities and critical issues. AN - 36364164; 201002-31-0247208 (CE); 11701547 (EN) AB - Definitive information on the chronic effects of exposure to ozone (O3) in humans is not available. There is a strong concern that ozone could produce chronic lung damage in humans on the basis that exposures are ubiquitous at levels that produce transient symptoms, function deficits, and lung inflammation in humans and chronic lung damage in laboratory animals. Both prospective and national population surveys suggest an association between chronic O3 exposure and reduced lung function, and a pilot investigation of autopsied lungs of accident victims in Los Angeles reported an unexpectedly high incidence of disease in the centriacinar region, the lung region known to receive the highest dose of inhaled O3. This paper discusses the advantages and limitations of further studies of structural changes in human lung tissue in relation to chronic O3 exposure. The major advantages of such studies are that a) measurable effects may be related to realistic chronic exposures, b) the effects may be described quantitatively and compared directly to those obtained in chronic animal inhalation exposures, and c) evidence for chronic effects may be obtained much more rapidly than in prospective studies. The major limitations are the difficulties in obtaining sufficient reliable information on residential history, physical activity out-of-doors, and smoking and other confounding exposures to lung irritants from next of kin, and limited availability of adequate air quality data for determining ambient concentrations at places of residence and/or outdoor exercise. The paper also discusses approaches to minimizing these limitations in the design of specific studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lippmann, M AD - Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, Tuxedo 10987. PY - 1993 SP - 209 EP - 212 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Lungs KW - Human KW - Ozone KW - Damage KW - Autopsies KW - Disease control KW - Laboratory animals KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36364164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Use+of+human+lung+tissue+for+studies+of+structural+changes+associated+with+chronic+ozone+exposure%3A+opportunities+and+critical+issues.&rft.au=Lippmann%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lippmann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological approaches to complex mixtures. AN - 36362247; 201002-31-0247210 (CE); 11701549 (EN) AB - This paper reviews the role of toxicological studies in understanding the health effects of environmental exposures to mixtures. The approach taken is to review mixtures that have received the greatest emphasis from toxicology; major mixtures research programs; the toxicologist's view of mixtures and approaches to their study; and the complementary roles of toxicological, clinical, and epidemiological studies. Studies of tobacco smoke, engine exhaust, combustion products, and air pollutants comprise most of the past research on mixtures. Because of their great experimental control over subjects, exposures, and endpoints, toxicologists tend to consider a wider range of toxic interactions among mixture components and sequential exposures than is practical for human studies. The three fundamental experimental approaches used by toxicologists are integrative (studying the mixture as a whole), dissective (dissecting a mixture to determine causative constituents), and synthetic (studying interactions between agents in simple combinations). Toxicology provides information on potential hazards, mechanisms by which mixture constituents interact to cause effects, and exposure dose-effect relationships; but extrapolation from laboratory data to quantitative human health risks is problematic. Toxicological, clinical, and epidemiological approaches are complementary but are seldom coordinated. Fostering synergistic interactions among the disciplines in studying the risks from mixtures could be advantageous. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mauderly, J L AD - Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87185. PY - 1993 SP - 155 EP - 165 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Exposure KW - Toxicology KW - Health KW - Human KW - Epidemiology KW - Risk KW - Constituents KW - Extrapolation KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36362247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Toxicological+approaches+to+complex+mixtures.&rft.au=Mauderly%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Mauderly&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of cell proliferation data in modeling of skin carcinogenesis. AN - 36359335; 201002-31-0247217 (CE); 11701556 (EN) AB - A simple model for papilloma formation is used to analyze data from a mouse skin-painting experiment performed with NMRI mice. The results suggest that one of two conclusions may be drawn: Either the model fails to properly describe the growth behavior of papilloma cells or the model suggests that papilloma cells do not have growth advantage over normal cells, even during promotion. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kopp-Schneider, A AD - Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg. PY - 1993 SP - 103 EP - 105 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Carcinogens KW - Mice KW - Health KW - Promotion KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36359335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+use+of+cell+proliferation+data+in+modeling+of+skin+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Kopp-Schneider%2C+A&rft.aulast=Kopp-Schneider&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Principles of study design in environmental epidemiology. AN - 36358730; 201002-31-0247202 (CE); 11701541 (EN) AB - This paper discusses the principles of study design and related methodologic issues in environmental epidemiology. Emphasis is given to studies aimed at evaluating causal hypotheses regarding exposures to suspected health hazards. Following background sections on the quantitative objectives and methods of population-based research, we present the major types of observational designs used in environmental epidemiology: first, the three basic designs involving the individual as the unit of analysis (i.e., cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies) and a brief discussion of genetic studies for assessing gene-environment interactions; second, various ecologic designs involving the group or region as the unit of analysis. Ecologic designs are given special emphasis in this paper because of our lack of resources or inability to accurately measure environmental exposures in large numbers of individuals. The paper concludes with a section highlighting current design issues in environmental epidemiology and several recommendations for future work. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Morgenstern, H AU - Thomas, D AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of California, School of Public Health, Los Angeles 90024-1772. PY - 1993 SP - 23 EP - 38 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Design engineering KW - Epidemiology KW - Ecological monitoring KW - Exposure KW - Cross sections KW - Genetics KW - Health hazards KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36358730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Principles+of+study+design+in+environmental+epidemiology.&rft.au=Morgenstern%2C+H%3BThomas%2C+D&rft.aulast=Morgenstern&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summary of papers and research recommendations of Working Group on Tropospheric Ozone, Health Effects Institute environmental epidemiology planning project. AN - 36354796; 201002-31-0247203 (CE); 11701542 (EN) AB - This paper summarizes the themes and recommendations that emerge from the papers presented by the Working Group on Tropospheric Ozone. In terms of current knowledge, the following are considered of particular importance: a) lack of clear evidence for a human analogue of the terminal bronchiolar and proximal acinar changes observed in the lungs of ozone-exposed animals; b) lack of evidence for a connection between the acute respiratory effects of O3 and possible chronic respiratory effects; c) need to better define the characteristics of O3-susceptible individuals; d) the lack of adequate exposure assessment tools for reconstruction of lifetime O3 exposure; and e) incomplete information on the role of other ambient environmental pollutants in the facilitation of O3 effects or as a cause of effects attributed to O3 in human populations. Based on the above, several recommendations for epidemiologic research on health effects of O3 are offered. a) Studies to investigate the existence of chronic health effects of O3 are essential, particularly those that include autopsied human lung tissue and biologic and physiologic response markers. b) Studies are needed to link acute responses with chronic effects and should include joint epidemiologic and controlled-exposure assessments. c) Studies are needed to identify susceptible subgroups. Such studies should include newly emerging biologic markers of O3 exposure. d) Accurate and precise tools for chronic O3 exposure assessment need to be developed for use in retrospective and prospective studies. e) Collaborative studies between epidemiologists and laboratory investigators are needed to develop and evaluate markers of O3 exposure and to test O3 exposure models. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tager, I B AD - Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. PY - 1993 SP - 237 EP - 239 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Epidemiology KW - Health KW - Assessments KW - Markers KW - Human KW - Biological effects KW - Ozone KW - Lungs KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36354796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Summary+of+papers+and+research+recommendations+of+Working+Group+on+Tropospheric+Ozone%2C+Health+Effects+Institute+environmental+epidemiology+planning+project.&rft.au=Tager%2C+I+B&rft.aulast=Tager&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of health effects in epidemiologic studies of air pollution. AN - 36351280; 201002-31-0247204 (CE); 11701543 (EN) AB - As we increasingly recognize the complexity of the pollutants in indoor and outdoor microenvironments, a broad array of inhaled mixtures has assumed scientific, public health, and regulatory importance. Few adverse effects of environmental pollutants are specific, that is, uniquely associated with a single agent; the adverse effects that might be considered in an investigation of the consequences of exposure to an inhaled complex mixture are generally nonspecific. In the context of this paper, we will refer to binary mixtures as complex, though we realize that a more precise definition of complexity would restrict the term to mixtures of three or more constituents. Their causes potentially include not only pollutant exposures through the medium of inhaled air but other environmental agents, such as infectious organisms and radiation, and inherent characteristics of the exposed persons, such as atopy. We review the outcome measures that have been used in epidemiologic studies of the health effects of single pollutants and complex mixtures. Some of these outcome measures have been carefully standardized, whereas others need similar standardization and modification to improve sensitivity and specificity for investigating the health effects of air pollution. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Samet, J M AU - Speizer, F E AD - Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131. PY - 1993 SP - 149 EP - 154 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Pollutants KW - Health KW - Air pollution KW - Epidemiology KW - Complexity KW - Public health KW - Arrays KW - Outdoor KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36351280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+health+effects+in+epidemiologic+studies+of+air+pollution.&rft.au=Samet%2C+J+M%3BSpeizer%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Samet&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gap junctional intercellular communication and cell proliferation during rat liver carcinogenesis. AN - 36349151; 201002-31-0247214 (CE); 11701553 (EN) AB - During multistage liver carcinogenesis, there is a sequential decrease in gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), associated with reduced expression of a major liver gap-junction protein (connexin 32). There are also several lines of evidence indicating that the induction of cell proliferation plays an important role during liver carcinogenesis. The relationship between GJIC and cell proliferation and their roles in liver carcinogenesis are not yet known. Results from various experiments suggest that there is a close relationship between the inhibition of GJIC and stimulation of liver cell proliferation. However, our results also suggest that different stimuli may affect cell proliferation and GJIC differentially by different mechanisms. Images FIGURE 2. A FIGURE 2. B FIGURE 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Yamasaki, H AU - Krutovskikh, V AU - Mesnil, M AU - Columbano, A AU - Tsuda, H AU - Ito, N AD - International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. PY - 1993 SP - 191 EP - 197 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Liver KW - Carcinogens KW - Images KW - Stimulation KW - Stimuli KW - Multistage KW - Proteins KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36349151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Gap+junctional+intercellular+communication+and+cell+proliferation+during+rat+liver+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Yamasaki%2C+H%3BKrutovskikh%2C+V%3BMesnil%2C+M%3BColumbano%2C+A%3BTsuda%2C+H%3BIto%2C+N&rft.aulast=Yamasaki&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proliferating cell nuclear antigen: a marker for hepatocellular proliferation in rodents. AN - 36345793; 201002-31-0247211 (CE); 11701550 (EN) AB - Two different markers for quantitating cell proliferation were evaluated in livers of control and chemically treated mice and rats. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), an endogenous cell replication marker, and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), an exogenously administered DNA precursor label, were detected in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using immunohistochemical techniques. The percentage of cells in S phase (labeling indexes, LI) evaluated as PCNA- or BrdU-positive hepatocellular nuclei was compared in recut tissue sections from animals given BrdU by a single IP injection 2 hr before killing the animals. Ten-week-old male B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats were exposed to known mitogenic hepatocarcinogens, Wy-14,643 (WY) in the diet at 0.1% for 2 days or 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB) in corn oil by gavage for 2 days (600 mg/kg/day in mice; 300 mg/kg/day in rats). In mice, PCNA and BrdU hepatocyte LI were similar in control, WY-treated, and DCB-treated animals. In rats, PCNA and BrdU gave similar LI in controls and Wy-treated animals. Although PCNA LI was statistically lower than BrdU LI in DCB-treated rats, both PCNA and BrdU LI for DCB-treated rats was increased over LI in control rats. Different patterns of PCNA immunohistochemical staining, interpreted to represent different subpopulations of cells at various phases of the cell cycle, were quantitated using PCNA immunohistochemistry. The proliferating index (PI), defined as the percentage of cells in the cell cycle (G1 + S + G2 + M), was more sensitive than the LI (S phase only) in detecting a chemically induced cell proliferative response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images FIGURE 1. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Eldrige, S R AU - Butterworth, B E AU - Goldsworthy, T L AD - Pathology Associates, Inc., Durham, NC 27713. PY - 1993 SP - 211 EP - 218 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Rats KW - Mice KW - Animals KW - Markers KW - Antigens KW - Images KW - IP (Internet Protocol) KW - Corn oil KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36345793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Proliferating+cell+nuclear+antigen%3A+a+marker+for+hepatocellular+proliferation+in+rodents.&rft.au=Eldrige%2C+S+R%3BButterworth%2C+B+E%3BGoldsworthy%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Eldrige&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proliferative responses of the skin to external stimuli. AN - 36345633; 201002-31-0247216 (CE); 11701555 (EN) AB - The skin, in particular the epidermis, offers unique opportunities to investigate the induction and control of cellular proliferation and tissue homeostasis both under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Moreover, it represents one of the most feasible model systems for experimental cancer research. As the primary border of the body, the skin has important protective and defensive functions. A general response to external injury consists of a thickening of the epithelial layer (epidermal hyperplasia) combined with an inflammatory reaction. This hyperplastic transformation of the skin is a critical condition of skin tumor development (i.e., conversion and promotion) and of the wound response. It is believed to be due to a transformation of keratinocytes into an activated state characterized by an increased rate of proliferation and the ability to release a series of growth factors and other cytokines that coordinate the defense reaction (e.g., hyperproliferation, recruitment of leukocytes, activation of the immune system) along auto- and paracrine feedback loops. The initial and probably later phases of this response depend critically on a local release of eicosanoids such as prostaglandins and lipoxygenase-generated factors. A unique reaction seen upon phorbol ester treatment of mouse skin is a strong induction of the enzyme 8-lipoxygenase, which might be involved in skin tumor development by catalyzing the generation of clastogenic metabolites thought to play a role in the conversion stage. Hyperplasia may be considered to be the result of an imbalance between the rates of cell gain and cell loss.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Marks, F AU - Furstenberger, G AD - Research Program in Tumor Cell Regulation, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg. PY - 1993 SP - 95 EP - 101 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Transformations KW - Conversion KW - Tumors KW - Activated KW - Metabolites KW - Epidermis KW - Protective KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36345633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Proliferative+responses+of+the+skin+to+external+stimuli.&rft.au=Marks%2C+F%3BFurstenberger%2C+G&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects of gasoline exposure. II. Mortality patterns of distribution workers in the United States. AN - 36345473; 201002-31-0247227 (CE); 11701568 (EN) AB - In this study, the cohort consisted of 18,135 distribution employees with potential exposure to gasoline for at least one year at land-based terminals (n = 9,026) or on marine vessels (n = 9,109) between 1946 and 1985. The primary objective of the study was to determine the relationship, if any, between exposure to gasoline and mortality from kidney cancer or leukemia. In addition, other causes of death of secondary interest included multiple myeloma and heart diseases. The mortality of the cohort was observed through June 30, 1989. The results of this study indicated that there was no increased mortality from either kidney cancer or leukemia among marketing and marine distribution employees who were exposed to gasoline in the petroleum industry when compared to the general population. Among the land-based terminal employees, the kidney cancer standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 65.4 (12 deaths) and leukemia SMR was 89.1 (27 deaths). For the marine cohort, the SMRs were 83.7 for kidney cancer (12 deaths) and 70.0 for leukemia (16 deaths), respectively. More importantly, based on internal comparisons, there was no association between mortality from kidney cancer or leukemia and various indices of gasoline exposure. In particular, neither duration of employment, duration of exposure, age at first exposure, year of first of exposure, job category, cumulative exposure, frequency of peak exposures, nor average intensity of exposure had any effect on kidney cancer or leukemia mortality. For acute myeloid leukemia, a nonsignificant mortality increase was found in land-based terminal employees (SMR = 150.5, 13 deaths), but no trend was detected when the data were analyzed by various gasoline exposure indices. This nonsignificant excess was limited to land-based terminal employees hired before 1948. On the other hand, a deficit of mortality from acute myeloid leukemia was observed among marine employees (SMR = 74.2, 5 deaths). For the two cohorts combined, SMR for acute myeloid leukemia was 117.1 based on 18 deaths. We did not find any relationship in our study between gasoline exposure and mortality from multiple myeloma or heart diseases. In general, we did not find any significantly increased mortality, either overall or from specific causes, associated with gasoline exposure in this study of marketing and marine distribution employees. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wong, O AU - Harris, F AU - Smith, T J AD - Applied Health Sciences, San Mateo, CA 94401. PY - 1993 SP - 63 EP - 76 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mortality KW - Leukemias KW - Gasoline KW - Death KW - Kidneys KW - Cancer KW - Marine KW - Terminals KW - Article KW - EE 40:Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36345473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Health+effects+of+gasoline+exposure.+II.+Mortality+patterns+of+distribution+workers+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Wong%2C+O%3BHarris%2C+F%3BSmith%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiologic studies of electric and magnetic fields and cancer: strategies for extending knowledge. AN - 36343849; 201002-31-0247207 (CE); 11701546 (EN) AB - Epidemiologic research concerning electric and magnetic fields in relation to cancer has focused on the potential etiologic roles of residential exposure on childhood cancer and occupational exposure on adult leukemia and brain cancer. Future residential studies must concentrate on exposure assessment that is enhanced by developing models of historical exposure, assessment of the relation between magnetic fields and wire codes, and consideration of alternate exposure indices. Study design issues deserving attention include possible biases in random digit dialing control selection, consideration of the temporal course of exposure and disease, and acquisition of the necessary information to assess the potential value of ecologic studies. Highest priorities are comprehensive evaluation of exposure patterns and sources and examination of the sociology and geography of residential wire codes. Future occupational studies should also concentrate on improved exposure assessment with increased attention to nonutility worker populations and development of historical exposure indicators that are superior to job titles alone. Potential carcinogens in the workplace that could act as confounders need to be more carefully examined. The temporal relation between exposure and disease and possible effect modification by other workplace agents should be incorporated into future studies. The most pressing need is for measurement of exposure patterns in a variety of worker populations and performance of traditional epidemiologic evaluations of cancer occurrence. The principal source of bias toward the null is nondifferential misclassification of exposure with improvements expected to enhance any true etiologic association that is present. Biases away from the null might include biased control selection in residential studies and chemical carcinogens acting as confounders in occupational studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Savitz, D A AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7400. PY - 1993 SP - 83 EP - 91 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Residential KW - Assessments KW - Epidemiology KW - Magnetic fields KW - Occupational KW - Carcinogens KW - Populations KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36343849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Epidemiologic+studies+of+electric+and+magnetic+fields+and+cancer%3A+strategies+for+extending+knowledge.&rft.au=Savitz%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Savitz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of chloroform and bromodichloromethane on DNA synthesis in male F344 rat kidney. AN - 36341121; 201002-31-0247212 (CE); 11701551 (EN) AB - We have been investigating the actions of chloroform (CHCl3) and bromodichloromethane (BDCM) in rat kidney after different routes of exposure. Male F344 rats were exposed by gavage with corn oil or water as the diluting vehicle. All experiments lasted 30 days with gavage exposures 5 days per week for 4 weeks (20 doses). All animals were injected IP with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) 3 times over a 6-day period at 50 mg/kg/injection. Kidney tissue was fixed and slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for routine viewing and by the PAP (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) technique using anti-BrdU to label cells in DNA synthesis. There were no significant changes in gross parameters evaluated between the control rats and the rats exposed to CHCl3 or BDCM. Rats exposed via corn oil gavage to CHCl3 displayed a segment-specific epithelial cell necrosis (6/6 high dose, 2/6 low dose). The lesions were primarily localized to the second segment of the proximal tubule, although some spread to cells in the first segment was occasionally observed. No histologic lesions were observed in the kidneys of rats exposed to BDCM. Preliminary results indicate a significant increase in DNA synthesis in the CHCl3-treated rats and a slight increase in DNA synthesis in BDCM-treated rats with corn oil as the diluent. The increase in BrdU labeling was primarily in cells of the S2 segment of the proximal tubule and interstitial cells of CHCl3-exposed animals and in cells of the S3 segment of BDCM-exposed animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lipsky, M M AU - Skinner, M AU - O'Connell, C AD - Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201. PY - 1993 SP - 249 EP - 252 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Rats KW - Kidneys KW - Synthesis KW - Segments KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Exposure KW - Corn oil KW - Males KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36341121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+chloroform+and+bromodichloromethane+on+DNA+synthesis+in+male+F344+rat+kidney.&rft.au=Lipsky%2C+M+M%3BSkinner%2C+M%3BO%27Connell%2C+C&rft.aulast=Lipsky&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of ploidy and cell proliferation in the rodent liver. AN - 36339765; 201002-31-0247223 (CE); 11701562 (EN) AB - In most investigations of cell proliferation in vivo, the population under study consists of mononuclear diploid cells that undergo replication via normal complete division cycles. Because the phenomena associated with the cell cycle are sequential, only one is normally measured and it is usually adequate to quantify the proliferative activity in one of two ways. The first involves labeling the cells undergoing semi-conservative DNA synthesis with a radioactive DNA precursor, preparing autoradiographs of histological sections, and counting labeled nuclei. The other commonly studied parameter of cell proliferation is mitotic activity. The livers of rats and mice, unlike those of other mammals, consist mainly of hepatocytes that contain two classes of cell with respect to nuclei and several ploidy classes. These classes of hepatocytes arise as the result of modified cell division cycles. The peculiar cytological composition of the rodent liver has, until recently, caused difficulties in the measurement and interpretation of cell ploidy and cell proliferation by the above methods. Flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting used in conjunction with quantitative fluorescent stains for DNA and fluorescently labeled antibodies to bromodeoxyuridine have permitted the rapid and precise quantification of cell proliferative activity in the rodent liver. Studies using these techniques have revealed that proliferative activity of hepatocytes may occur in different subpopulations of cells depending on the kind of toxicological injury inflicted on the animal. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Styles, J A AD - Imperial Chemical Industries, Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, U.K. PY - 1993 SP - 67 EP - 71 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Liver KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Rodents KW - Flow cytometry KW - Mice KW - Cell division KW - Sorting KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36339765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+ploidy+and+cell+proliferation+in+the+rodent+liver.&rft.au=Styles%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Styles&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A retrospective mortality study among Canadian petroleum marketing and distribution workers. AN - 36338690; 201002-31-0247225 (CE); 11701564 (EN) AB - We conducted a retrospective mortality study among 6672 petroleum marketing and distribution workers from 226 locations throughout Canada. These employees worked for at least 1 year in the marketing distribution segment from 1964 through 1983 or were annuitants as of 1964. Industrial hygienists assigned hydrocarbon (HC) exposure frequency scores for several jobs, departments, and job functions. We computed standardized mortality ratios for the total cohort, HC exposure frequency groups, and tank truck drivers, and we also used Poisson regression techniques to model mortality for selected causes of death according to HC exposure frequency. Results indicate overall mortality below that of the general Canadian population for all marketing distribution workers [Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 0.88]. Mortality from aortic aneurysms was significantly elevated in all marketing/distribution workers (SMR = 1.79) but was due to raised mortality in nonexposed workers (SMR = 2.80). Tank truck drivers showed significantly elevated mortality due to leukemia (SMR = 3.35) based on five deaths. The leukemia findings were not evident in the larger group of marketing distribution workers classified as exposed to hydrocarbons (SMR = 1.01). No other cause of death was elevated in truck drivers. The leukemia findings are suggestive of a possible influence due to exposure to HCs in tank truck drivers, although other explanations cannot be ruled out. Other findings of elevated mortality in the marketing distribution group are generally not statistically significant. These included moderately increased mortality due to multiple myeloma, malignant melanoma, and kidney cancer. Small numbers of observed and expected deaths limit concise interpretations for these diseases. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schnatter, A R AU - Katz, A M AU - Nicolich, M J AU - Theriault, G AD - Exxon Biomedical Sciences, Inc., East Millstone, NJ 08875-2350. PY - 1993 SP - 85 EP - 99 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mortality KW - Marketing KW - Drivers KW - Elevated KW - Death KW - Leukemias KW - Tank trucks KW - Crude oil KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36338690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+retrospective+mortality+study+among+Canadian+petroleum+marketing+and+distribution+workers.&rft.au=Schnatter%2C+A+R%3BKatz%2C+A+M%3BNicolich%2C+M+J%3BTheriault%2C+G&rft.aulast=Schnatter&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retrospective study of possible alpha-2 mu-globulin nephropathy and associated cell proliferation in male Fischer 344 rats dosed with t-butyl alcohol. AN - 36337374; 201002-31-0247222 (CE); 11701561 (EN) AB - Tert-butyl alcohol, an important commodity chemical, additive to unleaded gasoline, and contaminant of drinking water, was evaluated for toxicity and was found to enhance nephropathy in male Fischer 344 rats. Because male rats treated with t-butyl alcohol for 2 years had a low incidence of renal cortical tumors, additional renal sections for the 90-day toxicity study were examined for the presence of hyaline droplet accumulation, nephropathy, and evidence of replicative DNA synthesis (S-phase nuclei) to indirectly and retrospectively investigate a possible role of alpha-2 mu-globulin in the pathogenesis of the nephropathy. Dose levels for t-butyl alcohol were 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4% (w/v) administered in drinking water. Significant body weight gain depressions were observed in all treated males, and there was an absolute weight loss in the 4% male group, none of which survived to the end of the study. Except for the 4% dose group, there was a treatment-related increase in hyaline droplet accumulation in the renal proximal tubules with crystalline, rectangular, and rhomboid forms of the protein evident. The severity of nephropathy was enhanced in treated rats, except for the 4% dose group. Replicative DNA synthesis, as measured by immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, was increased in proximal tubules of rats dosed with 2% t-butyl alcohol. It is concluded that t-butyl alcohol exacerbated nephropathy in male Fischer 344 rats and increased renal accumulation of hyaline protein material consistent with alpha-2 mu-globulin deposition. Images FIGURE 2. FIGURE 3. FIGURE 4. FIGURE 5. FIGURE 7. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Takahashi, K AU - Lindamood, C AU - Maronpot, R R AD - Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Tokyo, Japan. PY - 1993 SP - 281 EP - 285 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Alcohols KW - Droplets KW - Males KW - Rats KW - Toxicity KW - Drinking water KW - Images KW - Synthesis KW - Article KW - EE 50:Water & Wastewater Treatment (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36337374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Retrospective+study+of+possible+alpha-2+mu-globulin+nephropathy+and+associated+cell+proliferation+in+male+Fischer+344+rats+dosed+with+t-butyl+alcohol.&rft.au=Takahashi%2C+K%3BLindamood%2C+C%3BMaronpot%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Takahashi&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonmutagenic carcinogens induce intrachromosomal recombination in dividing yeast cells. AN - 36332541; 201002-31-0247220 (CE); 11701559 (EN) AB - A large number of animal and human carcinogens without apparent genotoxic activity exist (nonmutagenic carcinogens) that are difficult or impossible to detect with the currently used short-term tests. Because of the association of carcinogenesis with genome rearrangement, a system selecting for intrachromosomal recombination (DEL recombination) that results in genome rearrangement has been constructed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Because DEL recombination is under different genetic control than interchromosomal recombination and meiotic recombination, it is probably due to a different mechanism. It has been found that DEL recombination is readily inducible by 10 mutagenic carcinogens and 17 nonmutagenic carcinogens that are not detectable (false negatives) with the Ames assay. In addition, three out of four mutagens that do not cause cancer (false positives in the Ames assay) do not induce DEL recombination. DEL recombination is inducible by UV only in dividing cells but not in cells synchronized in the G1 or G2 phase of the cell cycle. Interchromosomal recombination, on the other hand, is inducible in G1 but not in G2. The nonmutagenic carcinogens induce DEL recombination only in actively growing cells, which may give some indication as to their mechanism. Further characterization of the mechanism involved in induction of DEL recombination may contribute to the understanding of the biological activity of nonmutagenic carcinogens. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schiestl, R H AD - Department of Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115. PY - 1993 SP - 179 EP - 184 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Carcinogens KW - Genomes KW - Yeast KW - Assaying KW - Genetics KW - Human KW - Indication KW - Mutagens KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36332541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Nonmutagenic+carcinogens+induce+intrachromosomal+recombination+in+dividing+yeast+cells.&rft.au=Schiestl%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Schiestl&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurobehavioral effects of power-frequency electromagnetic fields. AN - 36331961; 201002-31-0247206 (CE); 11701545 (EN) AB - Some laboratory experiments have suggested that power-frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF) may be capable of influencing calcium efflux from cell membranes, pineal function, and circadian rhythms. As yet, however, no consistent, replicable laboratory model has been developed for any of these effects. Most assessments of human volunteers exposed to EMF have been negative, but occasional effects on vigilance or alertness and some modest effects on circadian rhythmicity have been reported. Several carefully performed studies of workers occupationally exposed to high electric-field strengths have failed to find effects on behavior or cognitive functioning. Although the bulk of human research on the effects of EMF on cognitive performance is negative, there has been less assessment of behavior and psychiatric symptomatology. Because some studies, in both humans and animals, have described effects of EMF on circadian rhythms, future research might concentrate profitably on the assessment of EMF in relation to depression and other cyclically mediated psychiatric disorders. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Paneth, N AD - Program in Epidemiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824. PY - 1993 SP - 101 EP - 106 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - EMF KW - Assessments KW - Human KW - Mathematical models KW - Circadian rhythms KW - Exposure KW - Alertness KW - Magnetic fields KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36331961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Neurobehavioral+effects+of+power-frequency+electromagnetic+fields.&rft.au=Paneth%2C+N&rft.aulast=Paneth&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methodologic frontiers in environmental epidemiology. AN - 36329730; 201002-31-0247205 (CE); 11701544 (EN) AB - Environmental epidemiology comprises the epidemiologic study of those environmental factors that are outside the immediate control of the individual. Exposures of interest to environmental epidemiologists include air pollution, water pollution, occupational exposure to physical and chemical agents, as well as psychosocial elements of environmental concern. The main methodologic problem in environmental epidemiology is exposure assessment, a problem that extends through all of epidemiologic research but looms as a towering obstacle in environmental epidemiology. One of the most promising developments in improving exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology is to find exposure biomarkers, which could serve as built-in dosimeters that reflect the biologic footprint left behind by environmental exposures. Beyond exposure assessment, epidemiologists studying environmental exposures face the difficulty of studying small effects that may be distorted by confounding that eludes easy control. This challenge may prompt reliance on new study designs, such as two-stage designs in which exposure and disease information are collected in the first stage, and covariate information is collected on a subset of subjects in state two. While the analytic methods already available for environmental epidemiology are powerful, analytic methods for ecologic studies need further development. This workshop outlines the range of methodologic issues that environmental epidemiologists must address so that their work meets the goals set by scientists and society at large. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rothman, K J AD - School of Public Health, Boston University, MA 02215. PY - 1993 SP - 19 EP - 21 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Epidemiology KW - Exposure KW - Assessments KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Distortion KW - Ecological monitoring KW - Footprints KW - Air pollution KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36329730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Methodologic+frontiers+in+environmental+epidemiology.&rft.au=Rothman%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Rothman&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell cycle controls: potential targets for chemical carcinogens? AN - 36325722; 201002-31-0247219 (CE); 11701558 (EN) AB - The progression of the cell cycle is controlled by the action of both positive and negative growth regulators. The key players in this activity include a family of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, which are themselves regulated by other kinases and phosphatases. Maintenance of balanced cell cycle controls may be directly linked to genomic stability. Loss of the check-points involved in cell cycle control may result in unrepaired DNA damage during DNA synthesis or mitosis leading to genetic mutations and contributing to carcinogenesis. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Afshari, C A AU - Barrett, J C AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. PY - 1993 SP - 9 EP - 14 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Kinases KW - Control equipment KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Carcinogens KW - Genetics KW - Balancing KW - Progressions KW - Mutations KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36325722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cell+cycle+controls%3A+potential+targets+for+chemical+carcinogens%3F&rft.au=Afshari%2C+C+A%3BBarrett%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Afshari&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methodologic research needs in environmental epidemiology: data analysis. AN - 36324610; 201002-31-0247209 (CE); 11701548 (EN) AB - A brief review is given of data analysis methods for the identification and quantification of associations between environmental exposures and health events of interest. Data analysis methods are outlined for each of the study designs mentioned, with an emphasis on topics in need of further research. Particularly noted are the need for improved methods for accommodating exposure assessment measurement errors in analytic epidemiologic studies and for improved methods for the conduct and analysis of aggregate data (ecologic) studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Prentice, R L AU - Thomas, D AD - Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104. PY - 1993 SP - 39 EP - 48 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Data processing KW - Epidemiology KW - Health KW - Exposure KW - Ecological monitoring KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Assessments KW - Error analysis KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36324610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Methodologic+research+needs+in+environmental+epidemiology%3A+data+analysis.&rft.au=Prentice%2C+R+L%3BThomas%2C+D&rft.aulast=Prentice&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell proliferation: concluding remarks AN - 36324430; 201002-31-0247218 (CE); 11701557 (EN) AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Weinstein, I Bernard PY - 1993 SP - 159 EP - 161 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36324430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cell+proliferation%3A+concluding+remarks&rft.au=Weinstein%2C+I+Bernard&rft.aulast=Weinstein&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell proliferation and chemical carcinogenesis: symposium overview. AN - 36320916; 201002-31-0247213 (CE); 11701552 (EN) AB - Cancer, by definition, is a proliferative disease. The fundamental scientific issue explored at the international symposium "Cell Proliferation and Chemical Carcinogenesis" was the impact of chemically enhanced cell proliferation on the dynamic carcinogenic processes. This conference, held at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences January 14-16, 1992, provided an open forum for the exchange of new results, information, and ideas in four areas: a) general principles of cell division and carcinogenesis, b) critical evaluation of cell proliferation methodologies, c) cell proliferation and modeling of organ-specific carcinogenesis, and d) cell proliferation and human carcinogenesis. This overview summarizes key findings from that symposium. The general view expressed was that although cell proliferation is involved inextricably in the development of cancers, chemically enhanced cell division does not reliably predict carcinogenicity. Our knowledge of the multistep nature of carcinogenesis has advanced substantially during recent years; however, much still needs to be learned. A greater understanding of the cellular and molecular events in chemical carcinogenesis should improve all aspects of the overall risk assessment process, including extrapolations based on dose, species, and interindividual differences. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Melnick, R L AU - Huff, J AU - Barrett, J C AU - Maronpot, R R AU - Lucier, G AU - Portier, C J AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. PY - 1993 SP - 3 EP - 7 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Carcinogens KW - Mathematical models KW - Cell division KW - Cancer KW - Health KW - Extrapolation KW - Conferences KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36320916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cell+proliferation+and+chemical+carcinogenesis%3A+symposium+overview.&rft.au=Melnick%2C+R+L%3BHuff%2C+J%3BBarrett%2C+J+C%3BMaronpot%2C+R+R%3BLucier%2C+G%3BPortier%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Melnick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell proliferation and forestomach carcinogenesis. AN - 36320322; 201002-31-0247221 (CE); 11701560 (EN) AB - To analyze the role of cell proliferation in phenolic compound-induced rat forestomach carcinogenesis, early forestomach histopathological changes as well as oncogene expression and reversibility of early forestomach lesions were examined in F344 male rats. For the analysis of early lesions, five animals each were treated with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), caffeic acid, sesamol, or 4-methoxyphenol in the diet, each at a dose of 2%, and killed for histopathological examination after 12 hr, 1, 3, or 7 days. For oncogene analysis, three animals each were treated with BHA for 15, 30 min, 1, 3, 6, or 24 hr and then sacrificed. In the reversibility study, groups of animals were treated with BHA, caffeic acid, sesamol or 4-methoxyphenol for 24 weeks, and basal diet alone was supplied for a further 24-week period. Animals were killed at 24 and 48 weeks and forestomach epithelium was examined histopathologically. DNA synthesis increased within 12 hr to 3 days after commencement of chemical treatment in all cases. Toxicity and cell proliferation became evident subsequent to increase in DNA synthesis in each case. Elevated expression of c-fos and c-myc oncogenes was demonstrated 15 min after beginning treatment with BHA. In the reversibility study, although most of the proliferative lesions induced by these antioxidants regressed after cessation of chemical treatment, some dysplastic lesions were still observed at week 48. The results indicate that these phenolic compounds act primarily as mitogens in rat forestomach epithelium, with regeneration due to toxicity further enhancing cell proliferation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ito, N AU - Hirose, M AU - Takahashi, S AD - First Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan. PY - 1993 SP - 107 EP - 110 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - BHA KW - Lesions KW - Animals KW - Toxicity KW - Diets KW - Epithelium KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Synthesis KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36320322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cell+proliferation+and+forestomach+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Ito%2C+N%3BHirose%2C+M%3BTakahashi%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ito&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concepts, labeling procedures, and design of cell proliferation studies relating to carcinogenesis. AN - 36318541; 201002-31-0247215 (CE); 11701554 (EN) AB - Chemicals may induce cell proliferation directly as mitogens or indirectly via cell death with subsequent proliferation to replace lost cells. Chemically induced proliferation has been demonstrated to play a role in the carcinogenic process. A wide range of procedures and techniques are currently being used to define the quantitative relationship between the extent and duration of chemically induced cell proliferation and carcinogenic potential in different species and target organs. However, a limited database and nonstandard protocols and procedures for measuring cell proliferation have made it difficult to compare results between laboratories. Comparison of frequencies of S phase between control and treated animals is the most commonly used end point in cell proliferation studies and may be regarded as an indirect indication of a proliferative response. This response can be ascertained as labeling indexes (LI; percentage of cells in S phase) after the administration of the DNA precursor labels (tritiated thymidine; 3H-TdR; bromodeoxyuridine, BrdU) or through immunostaining of the endogenous cell replication marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Both approaches are applicable to tissue sections. An important issue in the design of experimental studies for measuring LI is determining how and when to investigate proliferative responses in relation to the chemical treatment regimen. Variables to consider when designing cell proliferation studies include the animal's age, chemical dose and method of treatment, choice and dose of label, time and length that the label is administered, and methods of quantitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Goldsworthy, T L AU - Butterworth, B E AU - Maronpot, R R AD - Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. PY - 1993 SP - 59 EP - 65 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Labels KW - Carcinogens KW - Databases KW - Marking KW - Markers KW - Antigens KW - Replication KW - Precursors KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36318541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Concepts%2C+labeling+procedures%2C+and+design+of+cell+proliferation+studies+relating+to+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Goldsworthy%2C+T+L%3BButterworth%2C+B+E%3BMaronpot%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Goldsworthy&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Basic problems in interaction assessment. AN - 36318431; 201002-31-0247201 (CE); 11701540 (EN) AB - This paper reviews problems with the definition and estimation of interactions in epidemiologic studies. Methods for modeling interactions and dose-response also are reviewed, and references to more detailed literature are provided. Concepts are illustrated in the context of evaluating the joint effects of household radon exposure and environmental tobacco smoke. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Greenland, S AD - Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health 90024-1772. PY - 1993 SP - 59 EP - 66 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Radon KW - Mathematical models KW - Smoke KW - Assessments KW - Tobacco KW - Health KW - Households KW - Epidemiology KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36318431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Basic+problems+in+interaction+assessment.&rft.au=Greenland%2C+S&rft.aulast=Greenland&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benzene toxicity and risk assessment, 1972-1992: implications for future regulation. AN - 36317175; 201002-31-0247226 (CE); 11701567 (EN) AB - Acute and chronic exposure to benzene vapors poses a number of health hazards to humans. To evaluate the probability that a specific degree of exposure will produce an adverse effect, risk assessment methods must be used. This paper reviews much of the published information and evaluates the various risk assessments for benzene that have been conducted over the past 20 years. There is sufficient evidence that chronic exposure to relatively high concentrations of benzene can produce an increased incidence of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Some studies have indicated that benzene may cause other leukemias, but due to the inconsistency of results, the evidence is not conclusive. To predict the leukemogenic risk for humans exposed to much lower doses of benzene than those observed in most epidemiology studies, a model must be used. Although several models could yield plausible results, to date most risk assessments have used the linear-quadratic or conditional logistic models. These appear to be the most appropriate ones for providing the cancer risk for airborne concentrations of 1 ppb to 10 ppm, the range most often observed in the community and workplace. Of the seven major epidemiology studies that have been conducted, there is a consensus that the Pliofilm cohort (rubber workers) is the best one for estimating the cancer potency because it is the only one with good exposure and incidence of disease data. The current EPA, OSHA, and ACGIH cancer potency estimates for benzene are based largely on this cohort. A retrospective exposure assessment and an analysis of the incidence of disease in these workers were completed in 1991. All of these issues are discussed and the implications evaluated in this paper. The range of benzene exposures to which Americans are commonly exposed and the current regulatory criteria are also presented. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Paustenbach, D J AU - Bass, R D AU - Price, P AD - McLauren/Hart Environmental Engineering, ChemRisk Division, Alameda, CA 94062. PY - 1993 SP - 177 EP - 200 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Benzene KW - Mathematical models KW - Risk assessment KW - Cancer KW - Incidence KW - Risk KW - Epidemiology KW - Leukemias KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36317175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Benzene+toxicity+and+risk+assessment%2C+1972-1992%3A+implications+for+future+regulation.&rft.au=Paustenbach%2C+D+J%3BBass%2C+R+D%3BPrice%2C+P&rft.aulast=Paustenbach&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatic nuclear ploidy distribution of dietary-restricted mice. AN - 21253215; 11701563 AB - Hepatic parenchymal cells in most adult mammals are polyploid, with most of the cells in the quiescent or low-proliferation state. Polyploidization has been related to carcinogenesis and aging, and both end points are significantly affected by dietary restriction (DR). Direct measures of hepatic nuclear polyploidization in DR B6C3F1 mice have not been examined. We examined the effect of DR on distributions of nuclear ploidy in both sexes and on different age groups of B6C3F1 mice. Differences between young and old male mice and between old male and female mice were also compared. Hepatic nuclear ploidy values were measured by flow cytometry. The DNA histograms were analyzed for the percentage of nuclei having different classes of DNA content by gating channels between the areas under the peaks of diploid, tetraploid, and octaploid. The results indicate that 1 or 26 months of DR started at 4 months of age did not alter hepatic nuclear ploidy distributions in young and old mice. Our data suggest that in the male mouse, polyploidization is established by 5 months of age for hepatic nuclei and that ploidy classes are affected by sex at 30 months of age. For females, effects in the octaploid nuclei are seen as a result of DR. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lu, M H AU - Hinson, W G AU - He, D AU - Turturro, A AU - Hart, R W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - Dec 1993 SP - 229 EP - 233 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 101 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Channels KW - Diets KW - mammals KW - age groups KW - Age KW - Carcinogenesis KW - DNA KW - Mice KW - aging KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Hepatic+nuclear+ploidy+distribution+of+dietary-restricted+mice.&rft.au=Lu%2C+M+H%3BHinson%2C+W+G%3BHe%2C+D%3BTurturro%2C+A%3BHart%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mammals; Diets; Channels; age groups; Age; Carcinogenesis; DNA; Mice; aging ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure-response analysis of cancer mortality in a cohort of workers exposed to ethylene oxide. AN - 76066994; 8237967 AB - The authors previously reported results from the largest cohort mortality study of ethylene oxide-exposed workers that has been conducted to date. Here they extend their previous work by quantitatively examining the relation between cancer mortality and ethylene oxide exposure. This study included workers from 13 of the 14 geographically distinct facilities that were included in the previous investigation. These facilities began regularly using ethylene oxide to sterilize medical supplies or spices sometime between 1938 and 1969. Workers were followed from first exposure through December 31, 1987. Historical exposures to ethylene oxide were estimated using a regression model. Standard life-table analysis was used to examine cancer mortality in three categories of cumulative exposure to ethylene oxide. The Cox proportional hazards model was also used to examine cumulative and other measures of ethylene oxide exposure as predictors of cancer mortality. In both the life-table analysis and the Cox model, a positive trend was observed in all lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer mortality for cumulative ethylene oxide exposure. This trend was strengthened when ethylene oxide exposures 10 years prior to death were discounted (lagged) and when the analysis was restricted to neoplasms of lymphoid cell origin. Despite limitations discussed in this paper, the authors believe that these findings provide some support for the hypothesis that exposure to ethylene oxide increases the risk of mortality from lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms. The authors intend to continue follow-up of this relatively young cohort, which may allow more definitive conclusions to be drawn in the future. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Stayner, L AU - Steenland, K AU - Greife, A AU - Hornung, R AU - Hayes, R B AU - Nowlin, S AU - Morawetz, J AU - Ringenburg, V AU - Elliot, L AU - Halperin, W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1993/11/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 15 SP - 787 EP - 798 VL - 138 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Ethylene Oxide KW - JJH7GNN18P KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Life Tables KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Retrospective Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Lymphoma -- mortality KW - Leukemia -- chemically induced KW - Leukemia -- mortality KW - Ethylene Oxide -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lymphoma -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76066994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Exposure-response+analysis+of+cancer+mortality+in+a+cohort+of+workers+exposed+to+ethylene+oxide.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BGreife%2C+A%3BHornung%2C+R%3BHayes%2C+R+B%3BNowlin%2C+S%3BMorawetz%2C+J%3BRingenburg%2C+V%3BElliot%2C+L%3BHalperin%2C+W&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-11-15&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=787&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Actual causes of death in the United States. AN - 76009260; 8411605 AB - To identify and quantify the major external (nongenetic) factors that contribute to death in the United States. Articles published between 1977 and 1993 were identified through MEDLINE searches, reference citations, and expert consultation. Government reports and complications of vital statistics and surveillance data were also obtained. Sources selected were those that were often cited and those that indicated a quantitative assessment of the relative contributions of various factors to mortality and morbidity. Data used were those for which specific methodological assumptions were stated. A table quantifying the contributions of leading factors was constructed using actual counts, generally accepted estimates, and calculated estimates that were developed by summing various individual estimates and correcting to avoid double counting. For the factors of greatest complexity and uncertainty (diet and activity patterns and toxic agents), a conservative approach was taken by choosing the lower boundaries of the various estimates. The most prominent contributors to mortality in the United States in 1990 were tobacco (an estimated 400,000 deaths), diet and activity patterns (300,000), alcohol (100,000), microbial agents (90,000), toxic agents (60,000), firearms (35,000), sexual behavior (30,000), motor vehicles (25,000), and illicit use of drugs (20,000). Socioeconomic status and access to medical care are also important contributors, but difficult to quantify independent of the other factors cited. Because the studies reviewed used different approaches to derive estimates, the stated numbers should be viewed as first approximations. Approximately half of all deaths that occurred in 1990 could be attributed to the factors identified. Although no attempt was made to further quantify the impact of these factors on morbidity and quality of life, the public health burden they impose is considerable and offers guidance for shaping health policy priorities. JF - JAMA AU - McGinnis, J M AU - Foege, W H AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201. Y1 - 1993/11/10/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 10 SP - 2207 EP - 2212 VL - 270 IS - 18 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Alcohol Drinking -- mortality KW - Accidents, Traffic -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Physical Fitness KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- mortality KW - Diet -- mortality KW - Smoking -- mortality KW - Data Collection KW - Firearms -- statistics & numerical data KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Communicable Diseases -- mortality KW - Sexual Behavior -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mortality KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76009260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Actual+causes+of+death+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=McGinnis%2C+J+M%3BFoege%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=McGinnis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-11-10&rft.volume=270&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=2207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 1994 Mar 2;271(9):660; author reply 660-1 [8141906] JAMA. 1994 Mar 2;271(9):660; author reply 660-1 [8309022] JAMA. 1994 Mar 2;271(9):660; author reply 660-1 [8309023] JAMA. 1994 Mar 2;271(9):659; author reply 660-1 [8309020] JAMA. 1994 Mar 2;271(9):659-60; author reply 660-1 [8309021] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MASTER PLAN, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH MAIN CAMPUS, BETHESDA, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND. AN - 36397822; 4370 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a master plan for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus in Bethesda, Montgomery County, Maryland, is proposed. The NIH campus is located approximately three miles north of Washington, District of Columbia , and directly north of Bethesda's central business district. The NIH conducts biomedical research on behalf of the federal government. The proposed action would include the construction of a 3.0-million-gross-square-feet (3.0-million-gsf) clinical center; the renovation or replacement of existing laboratories so that 3.6 million gsf of modern laboratory facilities would be available; the construction of 583,000 gsf of administrative office space in the Natcher Building, Phase II; the expansion and renovation of the central power plant, and its boilers and chillers; the replacement and upgrade of medical and pathological waste incinerators; the complete upgrading and modernization of support facilities and infrastructure; the replacement of laboratory animal housing and care facilities with ones that meet accreditation and program requirements over the next 20 years; the consolidation of surface parking into parking structures and underground parking; the physical reorganization of the campus to improve administrative and operational functions, raise the aesthetic level or ambiance, protect older campus buildings that are potentially historic structures, and encourage all travel modes other than the automobile; and the maintenance and enhancement of a natural area or zone around the periphery of the campus to buffer residential neighborhoods surrounding the campus from NIH facilities and activities. The Master Plan Alternative and a No Action Alternative are considered in this draft EIS. Under the No Action Alternative, no significant expansion of personnel and facilities beyond those currently on the campus would take place. New facilities and personnel would be limited to NIH committed projects previously approved by agencies. The NIH would renovate, rehabilitate, and replace facilities only to relieve space constraints, modernize facilities, or respond to regulatory changes. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Under the master plan, occupiable building floor area would nearly double from 6.7 million gsf to 11.1 million gsf by 2013. The NIH employee population at the Bethesda campus would increase from the current level of 16,350 to one of 19,670 by 1998 and one of 22,900 by 2013. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the master plan, the generation of solid waste would increase from 12,600 to 16,500 tons per year, medical and pathological waste from 2,015 to 3,579 tons per year, and chemical waste from 192 to 405 tons per year. Three archaeologically sensitive areas would be adversely affected. Some 300 trees would be lost. Energy consumption would increase from 455 to 815 million BTUs per year. LEGAL MANDATES: National Capital Planning Act of 1952 (40 U.S.C. 71d(a)). JF - EPA number: 930387, 311 pages, November 2, 1993 PY - 1993 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Archaeological Sites KW - Buildings KW - Central Business Districts KW - Community Development KW - Energy Consumption KW - Historic Sites KW - Noise KW - Parking KW - Power Plants KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources KW - Waste Management KW - Wastes KW - Maryland KW - National Capital Planning Act of 1952, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36397822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-11-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MASTER+PLAN%2C+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.title=MASTER+PLAN%2C+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland; HHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 2, 1993 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's role in development and application of biomarkers in public health practice. AN - 76277190; 8191504 AB - An overview of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) biomarker program is presented in the context of the paradigm for biomarkers developed by the National Research Council (NRC, 1987, 1991). The status and projected utility of four biomarker studies conducted by NRC and sponsored by ATSDR, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) are discussed. These studies include a review of relevant research on biomarkers for specific toxicologic end points, including reproductive toxicology, pulmonary toxicology, neurotoxicology, and immunotoxicology. Also, the scope of related research on exposure characterization being conducted by the ATSDR-sponsored research program at Rutgers University is reviewed. The potential impact of biomarkers on public health assessments and on the range of ATSDR programs is described. Specifically, the role of biomarkers in dose reconstruction, in ATSDR's health studies program, and in the emerging field of molecular epidemiology is reviewed. In addition, future directions and research needs are addressed. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Derosa, C T AU - Stevens, Y W AU - Wilson, J D AU - Ademoyero, A A AU - Buchanan, S D AU - Cibulas, W AU - Duerksen-Hughes, P J AU - Mumtaz, M M AU - Neft, R E AU - Pohl, H R AD - Division of Toxicology, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia. PY - 1993 SP - 979 EP - 994 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - United States Public Health Service KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76277190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=The+Agency+for+Toxic+Substances+and+Disease+Registry%27s+role+in+development+and+application+of+biomarkers+in+public+health+practice.&rft.au=Derosa%2C+C+T%3BStevens%2C+Y+W%3BWilson%2C+J+D%3BAdemoyero%2C+A+A%3BBuchanan%2C+S+D%3BCibulas%2C+W%3BDuerksen-Hughes%2C+P+J%3BMumtaz%2C+M+M%3BNeft%2C+R+E%3BPohl%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Derosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=979&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-20 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Noninfectious environmental agents associated with myopathies. AN - 76245291; 8117532 AB - Increasing attention is being focused on environmental agents as possible factors in the etiology of certain connective tissue disorders. As our awareness in this area increases, the number and diversity of these agents is expanding yearly and now includes, in addition to infectious agents, a variety of foods and dietary supplements, drugs, occupational and other toxic exposures, biologics, and medical devices. Some of these agents have been associated with the development of muscle disease through mechanisms that involve alterations in the vascular supply to muscle, depletion of electrolytes, direct toxic effects on mitochondria or other metabolic processes, or activation of the immune system. Individual host susceptibility factors, including preexisting organ dysfunction and particular metabolizer or immunogenetic phenotypes, also appear to be important for development of the clinical syndromes identified as environmentally associated myopathies. Although data in this area are limited, they suggest that when susceptible individuals are exposed to selected agents, physiologic alterations occur that lead to myopathy. Physician awareness of chemicals implicated with myopathy and dissection of their pathogenetic mechanisms through human and animal studies may aid in the identification of additional toxic agents, minimize new cases in the future, and lead to a better understanding of the idiopathic myopathies. JF - Current opinion in rheumatology AU - Love, L A AU - Miller, F W AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 712 EP - 718 VL - 5 IS - 6 SN - 1040-8711, 1040-8711 KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - Food -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Food Additives -- adverse effects KW - Prostheses and Implants -- adverse effects KW - Muscular Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76245291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+rheumatology&rft.atitle=Noninfectious+environmental+agents+associated+with+myopathies.&rft.au=Love%2C+L+A%3BMiller%2C+F+W&rft.aulast=Love&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=712&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+rheumatology&rft.issn=10408711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postmarketing surveillance: curriculum for the clinical pharmacologist. Part II: Clinical and regulatory considerations. AN - 76214345; 8300884 AB - This is the second of a two-part series that develops a curriculum on postmarketing surveillance. With the ongoing emphasis on drug safety and possible earlier marketing of drugs, this becomes an essential element of clinical pharmacology training. The usual educational focus on drug safety is a pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic perspective on a specific drug or drug class, perhaps in the context of clinical trial study design and analysis. This curriculum complements this approach and provides an overview of drug safety surveillance from regulatory and epidemiologic perspectives. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Johnson, J M AU - Tanner, L A AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 1015 EP - 1022 VL - 33 IS - 11 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Time Factors KW - Pharmacology, Clinical -- education KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Curriculum KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76214345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Postmarketing+surveillance%3A+curriculum+for+the+clinical+pharmacologist.+Part+II%3A+Clinical+and+regulatory+considerations.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+J+M%3BTanner%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Traumatic fatalities at work. American Indians and Alaska natives, 1980 through 1988. AN - 76170859; 8295036 AB - To define the rates and characteristics of fatal occupational injuries among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) in the United States, we examined death certificates included in the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities data base for deaths occurring from 1980 to 1988. Two hundred and seventy-four work-related deaths among AI/AN civilians (259 men, 15 women) were identified. In 1980, the fatality rate among employed AI/AN was 5.5/100,000 workers compared with 7.7/100,000 workers for the United States. Ninety percent of the AI/AN deaths were from unintentional injury, 6% from homicide, and 3% from suicide. The pattern of fatal occupational injuries among AI/AN differs from that for all races combined, especially with regard to the larger percent of AI/AN fatalities in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing industry and the high proportion of water transportation incidents. JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Sugarman, J R AU - Stout, N AU - Layne, L A AD - Portland Area Indian Health Service, Division of Research, Evaluation, and Epidemiology, Seattle, WA 98121. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 1117 EP - 1122 VL - 35 IS - 11 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Death Certificates KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Inuits -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Indians, North American -- statistics & numerical data KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76170859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Traumatic+fatalities+at+work.+American+Indians+and+Alaska+natives%2C+1980+through+1988.&rft.au=Sugarman%2C+J+R%3BStout%2C+N%3BLayne%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Sugarman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-02 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of benzene in foods by using headspace concentration techniques and capillary gas chromatography. AN - 76166972; 8286958 AB - Recently, the combination of sodium or potassium benzoate with ascorbic acid was shown to produce low levels (ng/g) of benzene in fruit-flavored soft drinks. The presence of benzene also was reported in butter, eggs, meat, and certain fruits; levels of these findings ranged from 0.5 ng/g in butter to 500-1900 ng/g in eggs. Because benzoates are widely used as food preservatives, a limited survey of other foods containing added benzoate salts was conducted to investigate the potential for benzene formation. Selected foods that did not contain added benzoates but were previously reported to contain benzene were analyzed for comparison. More than 50 foods were analyzed by purge-and-trap or static headspace concentration and capillary gas chromatography. Benzene was quantitated by using the method of standard additions, and its identity was confirmed by mass selective detection. Results of this limited survey show that foods without added benzoates (including eggs) contained benzene at levels equal to or less than 2 ng/g. Slightly higher levels were present in some foods and beverages containing both ascorbic acid and sodium benzoate. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - McNeal, T P AU - Nyman, P J AU - Diachenko, G W AU - Hollifield, H C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Food and Chemical Technology, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 1213 EP - 1219 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Benzene -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76166972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Survey+of+benzene+in+foods+by+using+headspace+concentration+techniques+and+capillary+gas+chromatography.&rft.au=McNeal%2C+T+P%3BNyman%2C+P+J%3BDiachenko%2C+G+W%3BHollifield%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=McNeal&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide residues in composited milk collected through the U.S. Pasteurized Milk Network. AN - 76166906; 8286959 AB - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has implemented a comprehensive monitoring program to determine the incidence and levels of organohalogen pesticide residues in milk representing most of the U.S. supply consumed in metropolitan areas. Residue findings for 806 composite milks collected through the Pasteurized Milk Program by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1990-1991 are reported. Milk was collected on a monthly basis from 63 stations selected by EPA for radionuclide monitoring. These stations provide an estimated 80% of the milk delivered to U.S. population centers. At each station, milk from selected sources had been composited to represent the milk routinely consumed in its metropolitan area. Portions of these composites were forwarded to an FDA contract laboratory for pesticide residue analysis. Pesticide residues were found in 398 (49.4%) of 806 test samples, on the basis of a 0.0005 ppm limit of detection for each residue on a whole-product basis. A total of 455 occurrences of pesticide residues were found; p,p'-DDE and dieldrin accounted for 384 (84.4%) of these occurrences. The highest level was 0.019 ppm p,p'-DDE. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Trotter, W J AU - Dickerson, R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Contaminants Chemistry, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 1220 EP - 1225 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene KW - 4M7FS82U08 KW - Dieldrin KW - I0246D2ZS0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene -- analysis KW - Dieldrin -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76166906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Pesticide+residues+in+composited+milk+collected+through+the+U.S.+Pasteurized+Milk+Network.&rft.au=Trotter%2C+W+J%3BDickerson%2C+R&rft.aulast=Trotter&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-nuclear damage and cell lysis are induced by UVA, but not UVB or UVC, radiation in three strains of L5178Y cells. AN - 76164017; 8284323 AB - The potential to induce non-nuclear changes in mammalian cells has been examined for (1) UVA1 radiation (340-400 nm, UVASUN 2000 lamp), (2) UVA+UVB (peak at 313 nm) radiation (FS20 lamp), and (3) UVC (254 nm) radiation (G15T8 lamp). The effects of irradiation were monitored in vitro using three strains of L5178Y (LY) mouse lymphoma cells that markedly differ in sensitivity to UV radiation. Comparisons were made for the effects of approximately equitoxic fluences that reduced cell survival to 1-15%. Depending on the cell strain, the fluences ranged from 830 to 1600 kJ/m2 for the UVASUN lamp, 75 to 390 J/m2 for the FS20 lamp and 3.8 to 17.2 J/m2 for the G15T8 lamp. At the exposure level used in this study, irradiation with the UVASUN, but not the FS20 or G15T8, lamp induced a variety of non-nuclear changes including damage to cytoplasmic organelles and increased plasma membrane permeability and cell lysis. Cell lysis and membrane permeabilization were induced by the UVA1 emission of the UVASUN lamp, but not by its visible+IR components (> 400 nm). The results show that the plasma membrane and other organelles of LY cells are highly sensitive to UVA1 but not to UVB or UVC radiation. Also UVA1, but not UVB or UVC radiation, causes rapid and extensive lysis of LY cells. In conclusion, non-nuclear damage contributes substantially to UVA cytotoxicity in all three strains of LY cells. JF - Photochemistry and photobiology AU - Beer, J Z AU - Olvey, K M AU - Miller, S A AU - Thomas, D P AU - Godar, D E AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 676 EP - 681 VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - Membrane Proteins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Mice KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Membrane Proteins -- radiation effects KW - Cell Survival KW - Leukemia L5178 -- radiotherapy KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Intracellular Membranes -- radiation effects KW - Cell Membrane -- radiation effects KW - Radiation Tolerance KW - Leukemia L5178 -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76164017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.atitle=Non-nuclear+damage+and+cell+lysis+are+induced+by+UVA%2C+but+not+UVB+or+UVC%2C+radiation+in+three+strains+of+L5178Y+cells.&rft.au=Beer%2C+J+Z%3BOlvey%2C+K+M%3BMiller%2C+S+A%3BThomas%2C+D+P%3BGodar%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Beer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=676&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confirmation of identities of propylene and ethylene glycols in anchovies by tandem mass spectrometry. AN - 76163588; 8286973 AB - A gas chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric (GC/MS/MS) method has been developed for confirming the identity of propylene and ethylene glycols added to bait fish for preservation. Bait fish are occasionally illegally diverted to human food use. The bait fish were extracted with methanol, the extract was centrifuged and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated 10-fold and then analyzed by GC/MS/MS. The glycols were separated chromatographically without derivatization or preliminary cleanup. Isobutane positive ion chemical ionization was used to generate the protonated molecular ion species of each glycol. Product-ion MS/MS experiments were performed to obtain spectra to confirm the identities of propylene and ethylene glycols. The identities of these 2 compounds in anchovy extracts were successfully confirmed by this approach. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Matusik, J E AU - Eilers, P P AU - Waldron, E M AU - Conrad, S M AU - Sphon, J A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Contaminants Chemistry, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 1344 EP - 1347 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Ethylene Glycols KW - 0 KW - Propylene Glycols KW - Propylene Glycol KW - 6DC9Q167V3 KW - Ethylene Glycol KW - FC72KVT52F KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Propylene Glycols -- analysis KW - Fishes KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Ethylene Glycols -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76163588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Confirmation+of+identities+of+propylene+and+ethylene+glycols+in+anchovies+by+tandem+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Matusik%2C+J+E%3BEilers%2C+P+P%3BWaldron%2C+E+M%3BConrad%2C+S+M%3BSphon%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Matusik&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of formetanate hydrochloride in selected fruits by coupled-column cation exchange liquid chromatography. AN - 76163557; 8286975 AB - A strong cation exchange (SCX) liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for determination of formetanate hydrochloride residue in pome, citrus, and stone fruits. A test portion of fruit, homogenized with the peel left on, was blended with acidified acetonitrile and filtered. A portion of extract was finely filtered, and a 500 microL aliquot (ca 0.2 g test sample equivalent) was loaded onto an SCX solid-phase extraction (SPE) LC column, which replaced the injection loop of the LC injection valve. Cations were selectively enriched; noncations were eluted by acetonitrile in a pre-separation cleanup. Turning the valve to the inject position coupled the SPE column to an SCX analytical column for separation and detection at 250 nm. The mobile phase was 0.4M pH 3.0 ammonium phosphate buffer-water-acetonitrile (50 + 25 + 25). Formetanate cation was quantitated by peak area and regression coefficients from a 5-point linear calibration covering a 100-fold range. Recovery of duplicate fortifications of apple, pear, orange, and peach averaged 89-99% at the respective U.S. tolerances of 3, 3, 4, or 5 ppm and averaged 93-99% at one-tenth of the respective tolerance level. Peel pigments or variable peel bulk of crop varieties tested, as well as other endogenous fruit material, contributed interference that was below the 0.02 ppm limit of detection. In a 1991 limited survey comprising 15 samples, none were found violative. Residues were found in 2 samples, but only 1 measurement was quantifiable, near the 0.06 ppm limit of quantitation. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Niemann, R A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Contaminants Chemistry, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 1362 EP - 1368 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Carbamates KW - 0 KW - formetanate KW - 532HEC1KKM KW - Index Medicus KW - Calibration KW - Carbamates -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Ion Exchange -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Fruit -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76163557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+formetanate+hydrochloride+in+selected+fruits+by+coupled-column+cation+exchange+liquid+chromatography.&rft.au=Niemann%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Niemann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of the Bacteriological Analytical Manual culture method for the recovery of Shigella sonnei from selected foods. AN - 76161921; 8286963 AB - The relative retention of the indigenous morphological, biochemical, and serological characteristics by Shigella sonnei was tested under various storage conditions (room temperature, refrigeration, freezing at -20 degrees C and at -70 degrees C, and lyophilization). The use of a selective (desoxycholate citrate) agar rather than a nonselective (brain heart infusion) agar gave a lower conversion rate of smooth to rough colonies, and the percentage of rough colonies derived from cultures stored for prolonged periods increased under all conditions. With respect to biochemical characteristics, there were no major differences in the reactions of smooth vs rough variants. For serological characteristics, smooth variants agglutinated more readily in homologous antisera than did rough variants. S. sonnei populations maintained at -70 degrees C with glycerol remained reasonably stable and were used in recovery studies. Up to six foods (potato salad, chicken salad, cooked salad shrimp, lettuce, raw ground beef, and raw oysters) were inoculated with unstressed, chill-stressed, or freeze-stressed S. sonnei cells. Test portions (25 g) were inoculated with serial 10-fold dilutions of culture and subsequently analyzed by the culture method described in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual. It was found that the method was relatively ineffective for the recovery of S. sonnei from raw ground beef and raw oysters. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - June, G A AU - Sherrod, P S AU - Amaguana, R M AU - Andrews, W H AU - Hammack, T S AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 1240 EP - 1248 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Culture Media -- chemistry KW - Refrigeration KW - Food Microbiology KW - Shigella sonnei -- isolation & purification KW - Freezing KW - Bacteriological Techniques KW - Shigella sonnei -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76161921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+the+Bacteriological+Analytical+Manual+culture+method+for+the+recovery+of+Shigella+sonnei+from+selected+foods.&rft.au=June%2C+G+A%3BSherrod%2C+P+S%3BAmaguana%2C+R+M%3BAndrews%2C+W+H%3BHammack%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=June&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous determination of nitrofurazone and furazolidone in shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) muscle tissue by liquid chromatography with UV detection. AN - 76161892; 8286962 AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of nitrofurazone (NFZ) and furazolidone (FZD) in shrimp muscle tissue. The drugs are extracted from the tissue with acetonitrile, and the lipids and lipophilic pigments are removed from the extract with hexane. The remaining acetonitrile extract is evaporated by rotary evaporation, and the resultant residues are dissolved with LC-grade water, applied to a preconditioned C18 solid-phase extraction column, and eluted with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile eluant is then dried under nitrogen, and the resultant drug residues are dissolved with mobile phase and filtered. The drugs are determined by LC by using a C18 reversed-phase (octyldecylsilyl Hypersil) column, a mobile phase of acetonitrile--1% aqueous acetic acid (25 + 75, v/v), and a photodiode array UV detector at 375 nm. NFZ and FZD were determined in shrimp tissue at each of 5 spiking levels (64, 32, 16, 8, and 4 ng drug/g tissue). Absolute recoveries ranged from 70.6 to 78.4%, and relative standard deviations ranged from 4.0 to 13.6%. The limit of detection of pure standard of each drug was approximately the equivalent of 1 ng drug/g tissue, and the limit of determination in a sample was 4 ng drug/g tissue. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Rupp, H S AU - Munns, R K AU - Long, A R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver Federal Center, CO 80225-0087. PY - 1993 SP - 1235 EP - 1239 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Furazolidone KW - 5J9CPU3RE0 KW - Nitrofurazone KW - X8XI70B5Z6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Nitrofurazone -- analysis KW - Penaeidae -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Furazolidone -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76161892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+determination+of+nitrofurazone+and+furazolidone+in+shrimp+%28Penaeus+vannamei%29+muscle+tissue+by+liquid+chromatography+with+UV+detection.&rft.au=Rupp%2C+H+S%3BMunns%2C+R+K%3BLong%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Rupp&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute effects of caffeine on several operant behaviors in rhesus monkeys. AN - 76145533; 8278453 AB - The acute effects of 1,3-trimethylxanthine (caffeine) were assessed using an operant test battery (OTB) of complex food-reinforced tasks that are thought to depend upon relatively specific brain functions, such as motivation to work for food (progressive ratio, PR), learning (incremental repeated acquisition, IRA), color and position discrimination (conditioned position responding, CPR), time estimation (temporal response differentiation, TRD), and short-term memory and attention (delayed matching-to-sample, DMTS). Endpoints included response rates (RR), accuracies (ACC), and percent task completed (PTC). Caffeine sulfate (0.175-20.0 mg/kg, IV), given 15 min pretesting, produced significant dose-dependent decreases in TRD percent task completed and accuracy at doses > or = 5.6 mg/kg. Caffeine produced no systematic effects on either DMTS or PR responding, but low doses tended to enhance performance in both IRA and CPR tasks. Thus, in monkeys, performance of an operant task designed to model time estimation is more sensitive to the disruptive effects of caffeine than is performance of the other tasks in the OTB. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Buffalo, E A AU - Gillam, M P AU - Allen, R R AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 733 EP - 737 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - Index Medicus KW - Discrimination Learning -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Reinforcement Schedule KW - Time Perception -- drug effects KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Attention -- drug effects KW - Memory, Short-Term -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Caffeine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76145533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Acute+effects+of+caffeine+on+several+operant+behaviors+in+rhesus+monkeys.&rft.au=Buffalo%2C+E+A%3BGillam%2C+M+P%3BAllen%2C+R+R%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Buffalo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-09 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Knowledge of medical history information among proxy respondents for deceased study subjects. AN - 76050730; 8229101 AB - Proxy respondents were interviewed for 96 decedents in an occupational cohort. A second respondent was interviewed for 59 decedents. Medical records were reviewed to validate questionnaire information. The percentage of respondents who answered "don't know" (non-response) to questions about medical condition ranged from 5% (cancer and heart disease) to 17% (ulcers). Non-response rates were lowest among spouses, intermediate among children, parents, and siblings, and highest among other relatives and friends. Among 41-55 pairs, depending on the condition, agreement between paired respondents was excellent (kappa > 0.75) for ulcers, cancer, diabetes, and lung disease. A higher percentage of medical records was obtained for decedents with spouse respondents and for decedents with more recent dates of death. Sixty percent or more of the medical records were obtained for patients with cancer (n = 30), heart disease (n = 26), stroke (n = 9), and liver disease (n = 10). The positive predictive value of the proxy respondent information for these conditions was 93, 81, 78, and 60%, respectively. JF - Journal of clinical epidemiology AU - Tepper, A AU - Connally, L B AU - Haltmeier, P AU - Smith, E AU - Sweeney, M H AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 1243 EP - 1248 VL - 46 IS - 11 SN - 0895-4356, 0895-4356 KW - Index Medicus KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Hypertension -- mortality KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- mortality KW - Liver Diseases -- mortality KW - Peptic Ulcer -- mortality KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Memory KW - Cohort Studies KW - Heart Diseases -- mortality KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Middle Aged KW - Lung Diseases -- mortality KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Medical Records KW - Family KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76050730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Knowledge+of+medical+history+information+among+proxy+respondents+for+deceased+study+subjects.&rft.au=Tepper%2C+A%3BConnally%2C+L+B%3BHaltmeier%2C+P%3BSmith%2C+E%3BSweeney%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Tepper&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+epidemiology&rft.issn=08954356&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eating as a hazard to health: preventing, treating dental injuries caused by foreign objects in food. AN - 76042821; 7901252 AB - The Food and Drug Administration maintains a passive surveillance system for reporting and follow-up of complaints related to food items. The most commonly reported complaint is the discovery of foreign objects in food. The most common injuries are abrasions to the throat and buccal mucosa. Although dentists are qualified to treat oral injury resulting from foreign object ingestion, more physicians than dental professionals treat soft tissue trauma. JF - Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) AU - Hyman, F N AU - Klontz, K C AU - Tollefson, L AD - Epidemiology Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md. 20857. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 65 EP - 69 VL - 124 IS - 11 SN - 0002-8177, 0002-8177 KW - Dentistry KW - Index Medicus KW - Registries KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Tooth Injuries KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Digestive System -- injuries KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Mouth -- injuries KW - Food Contamination KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- statistics & numerical data KW - Foreign Bodies -- complications KW - Foreign Bodies -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76042821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.atitle=Eating+as+a+hazard+to+health%3A+preventing%2C+treating+dental+injuries+caused+by+foreign+objects+in+food.&rft.au=Hyman%2C+F+N%3BKlontz%2C+K+C%3BTollefson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Hyman&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.issn=00028177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intracranial injection of Fluoro-Gold results in the degeneration of local but not retrogradely labeled neurons. AN - 76157798; 8281454 AB - Small volumes of either Fluoro-Gold (hydroxy-stilbamidine) or physiological saline were pressure injected into the striatum of adult rats. This paradigm is essentially the same as that used by neuroscientists who inject small quantities of Fluoro-Gold into brain structures to reveal neuronal connections. Using a modified de Olmos' cupric-silver technique, virtually no degeneration could be detected as the result of saline injection at any time point examined. However, comparable injections of Fluoro-Gold resulted in conspicuous cell body and terminal degeneration within the striatum 1-10 days post injection. Terminal degeneration within the substantia nigra pars reticulata could also be seen 2-10 days after injection. Examination of cells of the compacta region revealed conspicuous retrograde uptake of Fluoro-Gold, although none of these cells exhibited any evidence of neuronal degeneration at any postoperative time examined. JF - Brain research AU - Schmued, L C AU - Beltramino, C AU - Slikker, W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Neurotoxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1993/10/29/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Oct 29 SP - 71 EP - 77 VL - 626 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - 2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene, methanesulfonate salt KW - 0 KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Stilbamidines KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Corpus Striatum KW - Injections KW - Male KW - Nerve Degeneration -- drug effects KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Fluorescent Dyes -- toxicity KW - Fluorescent Dyes -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76157798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Intracranial+injection+of+Fluoro-Gold+results+in+the+degeneration+of+local+but+not+retrogradely+labeled+neurons.&rft.au=Schmued%2C+L+C%3BBeltramino%2C+C%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Schmued&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-10-29&rft.volume=626&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of cysteine residues 129 and 329 in Escherichia coli K1 CMP-NeuAc synthase. AN - 76080667; 8240247 AB - N-Acetylneuraminic acid cytidyltransferase (CMP-NeuAc synthase) of Escherichia coli K1 is sensitive to mercurials and has cysteine residues only at positions 129 and 329. The role of these residues in the catalytic activity and structure of the protein has been investigated by site-directed mutagenesis and chemical modification. The enzyme is inactivated by the thiol-specific reagent dithiodipyridine. Inactivation by this reagent is decreased in the presence of the nucleotide substrate CTP, suggesting that a thiol residue is at or near the active site. Site-directed mutagenesis of either residue Cys-129 to serine or Cys-329 to selected amino acids has minor effects on the specific activity of the enzyme, suggesting that cysteine is not essential for catalysis and that a disulphide bond is not an essential structural component. The limited reactivity of the enzyme to other thiol-blocking reagents suggests that its cysteine residues are partially exposed. The accessibility and role of the cysteine residues in enzyme structure were investigated by fluorescence, c.d. and denaturation studies of wild-type and mutant enzymes. The mutation of Cys-129 to serine makes the enzyme more sensitive to heat and chemical denaturation, but does not cause gross changes in the protein structure as judged by the c.d. spectrum. The mutant containing Ser-129 instead of Cys-129 had a complex denaturation pathway similar to that of wild-type E. coli K1 CMP-NeuAc synthase consisting of several partially denatured states. Cys-329 reacts more readily with N-[14C]ethylmaleimide when the enzyme is in a heat-induced relaxed state. Cys-129 is less reactive and is probably a buried residue. JF - The Biochemical journal AU - Zapata, G AU - Roller, P P AU - Crowley, J AU - Vann, W F AD - Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/10/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Oct 15 SP - 485 EP - 491 VL - 295 ( Pt 2) SN - 0264-6021, 0264-6021 KW - NeuA KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds KW - N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase KW - EC 2.7.7.43 KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Hot Temperature KW - Base Sequence KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Stability KW - Protein Denaturation KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase -- genetics KW - Cysteine -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology KW - N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76080667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.atitle=The+role+of+cysteine+residues+129+and+329+in+Escherichia+coli+K1+CMP-NeuAc+synthase.&rft.au=Zapata%2C+G%3BRoller%2C+P+P%3BCrowley%2C+J%3BVann%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Zapata&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-10-15&rft.volume=295+%28+Pt+2%29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.issn=02646021&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - NeuA N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Infect Immun. 1983 Jul;41(1):54-60 [6408005] J Biol Chem. 1962 Nov;237:3527-34 [13998986] J Biochem. 1983 Jun;93(6):1621-33 [6309760] Nature. 1984 Feb 9-15;307(5951):560-3 [6420710] J Biochem. 1984 Apr;95(4):1193-200 [6086594] J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 5;264(25):14769-74 [2549035] J Immunol Methods. 1986 Sep 27;92(2):261-70 [3760586] J Biol Chem. 1986 Dec 25;261(36):17057-61 [3782153] Clin Chem. 1987 Sep;33(9):1671 [3621574] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1987 Oct 16;903(3):417-24 [3663654] J Biol Chem. 1987 Dec 25;262(36):17556-62 [2826425] J Biol Chem. 1988 Apr 5;263(10):4895-9 [3350815] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 May;85(9):2999-3003 [2834727] J Biol Chem. 1966 Dec 10;241(23):5643-50 [4288894] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] N Engl J Med. 1974 May 30;290(22):1216-20 [4133095] Biochemistry. 1974 Jul 30;13(16):3350-9 [4366945] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 [271968] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4350-4 [388439] Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1980 May;361(5):641-8 [6253375] Nature. 1981 Feb 19;289(5799):696-8 [7007894] Anal Biochem. 1981 Apr;112(2):195-203 [6266278] J Biol Chem. 1982 Jul 10;257(13):7720-9 [7085646] Infect Immun. 1989 Nov;57(11):3324-30 [2478471] Anal Biochem. 1989 Jul;180(1):147-51 [2530914] Anal Biochem. 1989 Nov 1;182(2):319-26 [2610349] J Mol Biol. 1990 Feb 20;211(4):975-88 [2313703] Biochemistry. 1990 Feb 6;29(5):1112-8 [2108721] J Mol Biol. 1991 Feb 20;217(4):721-9 [2005621] Biochemistry. 1992 Jan 28;31(3):775-80 [1731934] J Biol Chem. 1992 May 5;267(13):9257-63 [1577759] Glycobiology. 1991 Mar;1(2):187-91 [1823161] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jul;80(13):3963-5 [6575390] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Job tasks, potential exposures, and health risks of laborers employed in the construction industry. AN - 85258862; pmid-8250061 AB - Construction laborers have some of the highest death rates of any occupation in the United States. There has been very little systematic research focused exclusively on "laborers" as opposed to other workers in the construction industry. We reviewed the English language literature and various data bases describing the occupational tasks, exposures, and work-related health risks of construction laborers. The sources of information included 1) occupational mortality surveillance data collected by the states of California and Washington and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); 2) National Occupational Exposure Survey; 3) national fatality data; 4) cancer registry data; and 5) case reports of specific causes of morbidity. While the literature reported that construction laborers have increased risk for mesothelioma, on-the-job trauma, acute lead poisoning, musculoskeletal injury, and dermatitis, the work relatedness of excess risks for all-cause mortality, cirrhosis, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, and leukemia is less clear. Furthermore, while laborers are known to be potentially exposed to asbestos, noise, and lead, and the NIOSH Job Exposure Matrix describes other potential hazardous exposures, little research has characterized other possible exposures and no research has been found that describes the exposures associated with specific job tasks. More advanced study designs are needed that include a better understanding of the job tasks and exposures to construction laborers, in order to evaluate specific exposure-disease relationships and to develop intervention programs aimed at reducing the rate of work-related diseases. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Burkhart, G AU - Schulte, P A AU - Robinson, C AU - Sieber, W K AU - Vossenas, P AU - Ringen, K AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, M.D. PY - 1993 SP - 413 EP - 425 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - United States KW - Occupational Health KW - Human KW - Risk Factors KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Occupational Diseases KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85258862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Job+tasks%2C+potential+exposures%2C+and+health+risks+of+laborers+employed+in+the+construction+industry.&rft.au=Burkhart%2C+G%3BSchulte%2C+P+A%3BRobinson%2C+C%3BSieber%2C+W+K%3BVossenas%2C+P%3BRingen%2C+K&rft.aulast=Burkhart&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cryopreservation and long-term storage of primary rat hepatocytes: effects on substrate-specific cytochrome P450-dependent activities and unscheduled DNA synthesis. AN - 76290197; 8039011 AB - The effects of cryopreservation and long-term storage on substrate-specific cytochrome P450-dependent activities and unscheduled DNA synthesis were studied in freshly isolated and cryopreserved hepatocytes derived from adult male Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats. Primary rat hepatocytes were isolated via an in situ collagenase perfusion technique, cryopreserved at -196 degrees C, and thawed at 5 weeks and 104 and 156 weeks post-freezing. In Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats, cryopreserved hepatocytes were equivalent or similar to freshly isolated hepatocytes in substrate-specific activities for 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and dimethylnitrosamine-N-demethylase and unscheduled DNA synthesis responses. No significant differences in activities toward 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and dimethylnitrosamine-N-demethylase, the substrate-specific activities for cytochromes P4501A1 and P4501A2 and cytochrome P4502E1, respectively, were observed between freshly isolated and cryopreserved hepatocytes. Similar unscheduled DNA synthesis responses, a measure of DNA damage and repair, were observed after exposure to the genotoxic carcinogens 2-acetylamino-fluorene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and dimethylnitrosamine; although some decreases were also observed in Fischer 344 hepatocytes after 104 weeks and Sprague-Dawley hepatocytes after 156 weeks in the highest concentrations tested. These results suggest that cryopreserved hepatocytes, stored for extended periods of time in liquid nitrogen, are metabolically equivalent to freshly isolated hepatocytes in their ability to activate precarcinogens. JF - Cell biology and toxicology AU - Shaddock, J G AU - Snawder, J E AU - Casciano, D A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Genetic Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079. PY - 1993 SP - 345 EP - 357 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0742-2091, 0742-2091 KW - Isoenzymes KW - 0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 KW - EC 1.14.13.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating KW - EC 1.5.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Time Factors KW - Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Specimen Handling -- methods KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - Cryopreservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76290197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Cryopreservation+and+long-term+storage+of+primary+rat+hepatocytes%3A+effects+on+substrate-specific+cytochrome+P450-dependent+activities+and+unscheduled+DNA+synthesis.&rft.au=Shaddock%2C+J+G%3BSnawder%2C+J+E%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Shaddock&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical hypothesis: xenoestrogens as preventable causes of breast cancer. AN - 76243053; 8119245 AB - Changes in documented risk factors for breast cancer and rates of screening cannot completely explain recent increases in incidence or mortality. Established risk factors for breast cancer, including genetics, account for at best 30% of cases. Most of these risk factors can be linked to total lifetime exposure to bioavailable estrogens. Experimental evidence reveals that compounds such as some chlorinated organics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), triazine herbicides, and pharmaceuticals affect estrogen production and metabolism and thus function as xenoestrogens. Many of these xenoestrogenic compounds also experimentally induce mammary carcinogenesis. Recent epidemiologic studies have found that breast fat and serum lipids of women with breast cancer contain significantly elevated levels of some chlorinated organics compared with noncancer controls. As the proportion of inherited breast cancer in the population is small, most breast cancers are due to acquired mutations. Thus, the induction of breast cancer in the majority of cases stems from interactions between host factors, including genetics and environmental carcinogens. We hypothesize that substances such as xenoestrogens increase the risk of breast cancer by mechanisms which include interaction with breast-cancer susceptibility genes. A series of major epidemiologic studies need to be developed to evaluate this hypothesis, including studies of estrogen metabolism, the role of specific xenoestrogenic substances in breast cancer, and relevant genetic-environmental interactions. In addition, experimental studies are needed to evaluate biologic markers of suspect xenoestrogens and biologic markers of host susceptibility and identify pathways of estrogenicity that affect the development of breast cancer. If xenoestrogens do play a role in breast cancer, reductions in exposure will provide an opportunity for primary prevention of this growing disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Davis, D L AU - Bradlow, H L AU - Wolff, M AU - Woodruff, T AU - Hoel, D G AU - Anton-Culver, H AD - Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 372 EP - 377 VL - 101 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Estrogens KW - 0 KW - Xenobiotics KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Xenobiotics -- adverse effects KW - Estrogens -- biosynthesis KW - Breast Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Breast Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76243053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Medical+hypothesis%3A+xenoestrogens+as+preventable+causes+of+breast+cancer.&rft.au=Davis%2C+D+L%3BBradlow%2C+H+L%3BWolff%2C+M%3BWoodruff%2C+T%3BHoel%2C+D+G%3BAnton-Culver%2C+H&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Princess Takamatsu Symp. 1987;18:61-6 [3147283] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1976 Apr;15(4):478-84 [816406] Arch Environ Health. 1989 Mar-Apr;44(2):69-74 [2930248] Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Jun;129(6):1187-200 [2729256] N Engl J Med. 1989 Aug 3;321(5):269-74 [2747769] Environ Health Perspect. 1989 Jul;82:109-24 [2792037] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1989 Nov;101(2):310-8 [2479123] Am J Public Health. 1989 Nov;79(11):1503-7 [2817161] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990 Apr 4;82(7):561-9 [2156081] Cancer. 1990 Nov 15;66(10):2124-8 [1699651] Neoplasma. 1990;37(5):533-44 [2234215] Nature. 1990 Dec 20-27;348(6303):747-9 [2259385] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;609:259-67; discussion 267-8 [2264649] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;609:269-79 [2264650] Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1684-9 [2270482] Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Feb;48(2):232-42 [1990835] Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(2):145-59 [1992675] Lancet. 1991 Jun 8;337(8754):1414 [1674785] Lancet. 1991 Jul 13;338(8759):82-3 [1676470] Carcinogenesis. 1991 Sep;12(9):1571-4 [1893517] Lancet. 1991 Oct 19;338(8773):959-64 [1681339] Cancer Res. 1991 Dec 1;51(23 Pt 1):6385-7 [1933902] Science. 1991 Nov 22;254(5035):1131-8 [1957166] Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1992 Jan;199(1):42-8 [1370187] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1992 Mar 4;84(5):313-20 [1738181] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1992 Apr 15;84(8):634-8 [1556774] Arch Environ Health. 1992 Mar-Apr;47(2):143-6 [1567239] N Engl J Med. 1992 Jul 30;327(5):319-28 [1620171] Lancet. 1992 Oct 24;340(8826):1015-8 [1357410] Int J Androl. 1992 Oct;15(5):373-5 [1428195] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 Jan 6;85(1):32-6 [8416253] Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Dec 1;136(11):1321-6 [1488960] Science. 1993 Jan 29;259(5095):633-8 [8381558] Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Dec 15;136(12):1423-36 [1288272] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 Apr 21;85(8):648-52 [8468722] Nat Genet. 1992 Oct;2(2):128-31 [1303261] Nat Genet. 1992 Oct;2(2):89-90 [1303268] Lancet. 1993 May 29;341(8857):1392-5 [8098802] Br J Cancer. 1963 Jun;17:272-80 [14042729] Cancer Res. 1976 Feb;36(2 Pt 1):319-24 [816459] J Agric Food Chem. 1976 Jul-Aug;24(4):768-71 [956541] Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1977 Nov;22(5 Pt 2):721-8 [913030] Minn Med. 1980 Nov;63(11):803-6 [7453699] J Cell Biochem. 1982;18(2):135-48 [6279686] Science. 1984 Jun 1;224(4652):1014-7 [6426058] Environ Res. 1984 Jun;34(1):24-8 [6426947] Carcinogenesis. 1984 Jul;5(7):941-2 [6733855] Cancer Res. 1985 Aug;45(8):3415-43 [3926298] J Steroid Biochem. 1985 Jul;23(1):87-94 [4021494] N Engl J Med. 1987 Jan 1;316(1):22-8 [3785347] Int J Cancer. 1987 Dec 15;40(6):721-5 [3692620] Mol Pharmacol. 1988 Jan;33(1):120-6 [3122017] Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1988 Jan;24(1):29-43 [3276531] Am J Epidemiol. 1988 Mar;127(3):654-62 [3341365] Nature. 1988 Sep 29;335(6189):400-2 [3419514] Endocrinologie. 1988 Jul-Sep;26(3):165-71 [2975038] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1969 Mar;14(2):358-67 [5772860] Ann Intern Med. 1969 Oct;71(4):747-52 [5360287] Biochem Pharmacol. 1974 Jan 15;23(2):447-51 [4360348] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1989 Feb;15(1):47-53 [2922589] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Costimulatory properties of the human CD4 molecule: enhancement of CD3-induced T cell activation by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 through viral envelope glycoprotein gp120. AN - 76153567; 7506554 AB - This study was designed to investigate the T cell costimulatory activity of ligands binding to different regions on the human CD4 molecule. We assayed the costimulatory properties of a panel of CD4 MAbs, intact HIV, and viral envelope glycoproteins in CD3-induced activation of resting T cell subpopulations. Our data using MAbs reveal epitope-specific variations in the functional activities of CD4 MAbs under specific conditions in which CD3 and CD4 molecules are co-cross-linked. We show that both naive and memory CD4+ T cell subsets are susceptible to CD4-mediated costimulation, which overcomes the functional differences between the two cell populations in responsiveness to CD3 MAbs. We show for the first time that, analogous to CD4 MAbs, preparations of HIV and viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 are also potent costimulators of T cell proliferation and IL-2 production. On the basis of these results we propose possible mechanisms for polyclonal cell activation in the course of HIV infection and suggest that viral inhibitory and costimulatory effects may together disrupt the normal balanced function of the immune system, leading to AIDS. JF - AIDS research and human retroviruses AU - Oravecz, T AU - Norcross, M A AD - Division of Hematologic Products, Food and Drug Administration, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 945 EP - 955 VL - 9 IS - 10 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD3 KW - Antigens, CD4 KW - Epitopes KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Humans KW - Immunologic Memory KW - Interleukin-2 -- biosynthesis KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- pharmacology KW - Drug Synergism KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - HIV-1 -- immunology KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- immunology KW - Antigens, CD3 -- pharmacology KW - Antigens, CD4 -- pharmacology KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- immunology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76153567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.atitle=Costimulatory+properties+of+the+human+CD4+molecule%3A+enhancement+of+CD3-induced+T+cell+activation+by+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+through+viral+envelope+glycoprotein+gp120.&rft.au=Oravecz%2C+T%3BNorcross%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Oravecz&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A malformation incidence dose-response model incorporating fetal weight and/or litter size as covariates. AN - 76121684; 8259446 AB - A dose-response model is often fit to bioassay data to provide a mathematical relationship between the incidence of a developmental malformation and dose of a toxicant. To utilize the interrelations among the fetal weight, incidence of malformation and number of the live fetuses, a conditional Gaussian regression chain model is proposed to model the dose-response function for developmental malformation incidence using the litter size and/or the fetal weight as covariates. The litter size is modeled as a function of dose, the fetal weight is modeled as a function of dose conditional on both the litter size and the fetal weight, which itself is also conditional on the litter size, and the malformation incidence is modeled as a function of dose conditional on the litter size. Data from a developmental experiment conducted at the National Center for Toxicological Research to investigate the growth stunting and increased incidence of cleft palate induced by Dexamethasone (DEX) exposure in rats was used as an illustration. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Chen, J AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 559 EP - 564 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Birth Weight KW - Regression Analysis KW - Dexamethasone -- toxicity KW - Cleft Palate -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Litter Size KW - Risk Factors KW - Incidence KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Models, Statistical KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76121684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=A+malformation+incidence+dose-response+model+incorporating+fetal+weight+and%2For+litter+size+as+covariates.&rft.au=Chen%2C+J&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tetrazolium-based cell bioassay for neurotoxins active on voltage-sensitive sodium channels: semiautomated assay for saxitoxins, brevetoxins, and ciguatoxins. AN - 76103286; 8250223 AB - In the present study we have developed an assay for the detection of sodium channel-specific marine toxins based upon mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity in the presence of veratridine and ouabain. This cell bioassay allows detection of either sodium channel enhancers, such as the brevetoxins and the ciguatoxins, or sodium channel blocking agents, such as the saxitoxins. The assay responds in a dose dependent manner and differentiates the toxic activity as either sodium channel blocking or enhancing. In addition, the assay is highly sensitive, with present detection limits of 2 ng/ml for either saxitoxins or brevetoxins (PbTx-1 and PbTx-3). Assay response to a ciguatoxic extract and to brevetoxins is rapid, allowing dose dependent detection within 4 to 6 h. The method is simple, utilizes readily available reagents, uses substantially less sample than required for mouse bioassay, and is well within the scope of even modest tissue culture facilities. This cell-based protocol has the potential to serve as an alternate and complementary method to the standard mouse bioassay. JF - Analytical biochemistry AU - Manger, R L AU - Leja, L S AU - Lee, S Y AU - Hungerford, J M AU - Wekell, M M AD - Seafood Products Research Center, United States Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, Washington 98041-3012. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 190 EP - 194 VL - 214 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2697, 0003-2697 KW - Marine Toxins KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - Oxocins KW - Sodium Channels KW - Tetrazolium Salts KW - Ciguatoxins KW - 11050-21-8 KW - Saxitoxin KW - 35523-89-8 KW - brevetoxin KW - 98225-48-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Neuroblastoma KW - Cell Line KW - Marine Toxins -- analysis KW - Ciguatoxins -- toxicity KW - Saxitoxin -- analysis KW - Sodium Channels -- physiology KW - Neurotoxins -- analysis KW - Ciguatoxins -- analysis KW - Saxitoxin -- toxicity KW - Sodium Channels -- drug effects KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Marine Toxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76103286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Tetrazolium-based+cell+bioassay+for+neurotoxins+active+on+voltage-sensitive+sodium+channels%3A+semiautomated+assay+for+saxitoxins%2C+brevetoxins%2C+and+ciguatoxins.&rft.au=Manger%2C+R+L%3BLeja%2C+L+S%3BLee%2C+S+Y%3BHungerford%2C+J+M%3BWekell%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Manger&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=214&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.issn=00032697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic dust exposures from compost handling: case presentation and respiratory exposure assessment. AN - 76102673; 8250057 AB - Inhalation of dust from contaminated organic materials may result in acute respiratory tract illness. Possible mechanisms include toxic and cellular reactions to microbial and other organic products or immunologic responses after prior sensitization to an antigen. A case is presented of a 52 year old male who developed fever, myalgia, and marked dyspnea 12 hr after shoveling composted wood chips and leaves. Inspiratory crackles, hypoxemia, and bilateral patchy pulmonary infiltrates were seen. Precipitating antibody tests for the usual antigens were inconclusive. He improved over 3 days. In order to assess the environmental conditions the patient had experienced, we returned to the site to reproduce and measure respiratory exposures during hand loading of the compost. Visible clouds of fine particulate were easily generated during handling activities. Microscopic examination of these dusts indicated a predominance of spores. Endotoxin concentrations from inspirable and respirable dust samples ranged from 636 to 16,300 endotoxin units/m3. Levels of contaminants found were consistent with those associated with respiratory illness in other agricultural settings. Two respiratory disorders, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS), may occur after exposure to organic dusts containing fungal spores and endotoxins. Despite extensive clinical and environmental investigations, we were unable to differentiate these two disorders, and suggest they may represent parts of a spectrum of responses to complex organic dusts, rather than completely distinct clinical entities. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Weber, S AU - Kullman, G AU - Petsonk, E AU - Jones, W G AU - Olenchock, S AU - Sorenson, W AU - Parker, J AU - Marcelo-Baciu, R AU - Frazer, D AU - Castranova, V AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 365 EP - 374 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Endotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Agriculture KW - Syndrome KW - Humans KW - Wood KW - Middle Aged KW - Endotoxins -- analysis KW - Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic -- etiology KW - Male KW - Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic -- microbiology KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- microbiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Dust -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76102673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Organic+dust+exposures+from+compost+handling%3A+case+presentation+and+respiratory+exposure+assessment.&rft.au=Weber%2C+S%3BKullman%2C+G%3BPetsonk%2C+E%3BJones%2C+W+G%3BOlenchock%2C+S%3BSorenson%2C+W%3BParker%2C+J%3BMarcelo-Baciu%2C+R%3BFrazer%2C+D%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-28 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interpretation of urine results used to assess chemical exposure with emphasis on creatinine adjustments: a review. AN - 76072539; 8237794 AB - This paper reviews the process of elimination of creatinine (CRE), and the limitations presented when using it to express urine concentrations. This literature review leads to three conclusions: (1) CRE excretion is subject to wide fluctuations due to specific internal and external factors; (2) the use of CRE to correct chemical concentrations in urine will not necessarily improve the correlation to the exposure dose for all chemicals (it may, in fact, worsen the result); and (3) other means of expressing urine concentration may offer greater accuracy towards estimating individually absorbed dose. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Boeniger, M F AU - Lowry, L K AU - Rosenberg, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 615 EP - 627 VL - 54 IS - 10 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Diuresis KW - Body Constitution KW - Exercise KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Female KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Creatinine -- urine KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76072539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Interpretation+of+urine+results+used+to+assess+chemical+exposure+with+emphasis+on+creatinine+adjustments%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Boeniger%2C+M+F%3BLowry%2C+L+K%3BRosenberg%2C+J&rft.aulast=Boeniger&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-20 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of biological markers in occupational health research and practice. AN - 76050971; 8230306 AB - The promise of biological markers in occupational health research and practice has been described in the scientific literature. The current generation of biological markers has the potential to allow for the earlier detection of disease, for the reduction of misclassification of exposure and outcome, for heightened understanding of mechanisms and etiologic pathways, and for the designation of groups at risk. What is necessary now is a strategy for realizing this potential. The elements of such as a strategy may include the following: (1) a program to validate biomarkers, (2) increased utilization of valid biomarkers in etiologic and prevention research, and (3) developmental programs to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration and train molecular epidemiologists. A framework for linking biomarkers and epidemiologic study designs has evolved during the past 5 yr. For this progress to continue, it is important that discussion about biomarkers reflect a specificity with regard to both the type of marker and the use for which it is intended. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Schulte, P A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998. PY - 1993 SP - 359 EP - 366 VL - 40 IS - 2-3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Research KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76050971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Use+of+biological+markers+in+occupational+health+research+and+practice.&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-13 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-aminochrysene is metabolized to form a major adduct with deoxyguanosine and produces mutations in the hprt gene of Chinese hamster ovary cells at G:C basepairs. AN - 76043647; 8222062 AB - 6-Nitrochrysene can be activated to genotoxic derivatives by two major metabolic pathways: nitroreduction to N-hydroxy-6-aminochrysene, and a combination of ring-oxidation and nitroreduction that involves the intermediate formation of trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-aminochrysene (6-AC-1,2-dihydrodiol). The DNA adduct formed from this latter pathway was evaluated by reacting individual deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphates with 6-AC-1,2-dihydrodiol in the presence of liver microsomal enzymes from 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats. Binding was greatest to deoxyguanosine monophosphate and the major deoxyguanosine (dG) adduct co-chromatographed with the single major adduct formed from the microsome-catalyzed reaction of 6-AC-1,2-dihydrodiol with DNA. In order to characterize the mutational changes associated with the 6-AC-1,2-dihydrodiol pathway, we analyzed the mutational spectrum produced by 6-AC-1,2-dihydrodiol in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) gene of CHO-K1 cells. cDNA was synthesized from the RNA of 28 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants, the hprt coding region amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, and the DNA products directly sequenced. Twenty independent primary mutations were found: 12 G:C-->T:A transversions, three G:C-->C:G transversions, one G:C-->A:T transition, one A:T-->T:A transversion, two -1 frameshift mutations in sequences containing consecutive guanines, and one 11 bp deletion. All G:C basepair substitutions had the mutated dG on the non-transcribed strand and 86% of the G:C basepair substitutions had one purine 3' to the mutated dG. The pattern of 6-AC-1,2-dihydrodiol-induced basepair substitutions was distinct from the pattern observed in solvent control mutants. These results are consistent with the formation of a promutagenic dG adduct from a metabolite of 6-AC-1,2-dihydrodiol. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Li, E E AU - Heflich, R H AU - Delclos, K B AD - Division of Biochemical, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 2109 EP - 2114 VL - 14 IS - 10 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Chrysenes KW - 0 KW - 6-aminochrysene-1,2-dihydrodiol KW - 117760-93-7 KW - Methylcholanthrene KW - 56-49-5 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - CHO Cells KW - Cricetinae KW - Deoxyguanosine -- metabolism KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Chrysenes -- metabolism KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76043647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Trans-1%2C2-dihydro-1%2C2-dihydroxy-6-aminochrysene+is+metabolized+to+form+a+major+adduct+with+deoxyguanosine+and+produces+mutations+in+the+hprt+gene+of+Chinese+hamster+ovary+cells+at+G%3AC+basepairs.&rft.au=Li%2C+E+E%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BDelclos%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-01 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 32P-postlabelling analysis of DNA adducts of 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) in target and nontarget tissues in the dog and their implications for human risk assessment. AN - 76020345; 8222068 AB - 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) has considerable human occupational exposure and it induces urinary bladder tumors in the dog, a species that has been often used as a model for aromatic amine-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis in humans. Metabolic activation and formation of DNA adducts are considered to be critical steps in this process; and two major C8-adenine adducts have been shown to be formed in vitro by reaction with the proximate carcinogenic metabolite N-hydroxy-MOCA. MOCA-DNA adducts have also been detected in vivo in treated rats and in exfoliated urothelium of a worker accidentally exposed to MOCA. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect and quantify DNA adducts in the urinary bladder of dogs exposed to MOCA and thereby provide data that could be useful for risk assessment after human exposure to MOCA. Beagle dogs were treated with single and multiple doses of MOCA and DNA adduct levels were determined in liver and bladder epithelium. After a single dose, adduct levels in the liver were 1.5-fold higher than that in the bladder epithelium. Adduct levels in these two organs increased 3- to 5-fold after 10 doses and adducts in the liver were then 2.8-fold higher than that in the bladder epithelium. The levels found in these two organs after single exposures were compared, per unit exposure dose, with that reported for other carcinogenic aromatic amines. The comparison showed that MOCA was as effective in DNA adduct formation as most other potent urinary bladder carcinogens. These results suggest that MOCA may have high carcinogenic potential in humans and are consistent with the recent classification of MOCA as a probable human carcinogen. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Segerbäck, D AU - Kaderlik, K R AU - Talaska, G AU - Dooley, K L AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 2143 EP - 2147 VL - 14 IS - 10 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) KW - 3L2W5VTT2A KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dogs KW - Autoradiography KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Urinary Bladder -- chemistry KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76020345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=32P-postlabelling+analysis+of+DNA+adducts+of+4%2C4%27-methylenebis%282-chloroaniline%29+in+target+and+nontarget+tissues+in+the+dog+and+their+implications+for+human+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Segerb%C3%A4ck%2C+D%3BKaderlik%2C+K+R%3BTalaska%2C+G%3BDooley%2C+K+L%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Segerb%C3%A4ck&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-01 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changing the culture of medicine: the FDA's MEDWatch program. AN - 75972570; 8397603 JF - Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges AU - Kessler, D A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 776 EP - 777 VL - 68 IS - 10 SN - 1040-2446, 1040-2446 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Health Policy KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75972570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academic+medicine+%3A+journal+of+the+Association+of+American+Medical+Colleges&rft.atitle=Changing+the+culture+of+medicine%3A+the+FDA%27s+MEDWatch+program.&rft.au=Kessler%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Academic+medicine+%3A+journal+of+the+Association+of+American+Medical+Colleges&rft.issn=10402446&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-18 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrogeologic data needed for public health assessments AN - 50264437; 1994-022111 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Mann, John H AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 349 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - wells KW - hazardous waste KW - monitoring KW - medical geology KW - movement KW - landfills KW - waste disposal KW - water wells KW - drinking water KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50264437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Hydrogeologic+data+needed+for+public+health+assessments&rft.au=Mann%2C+John+H%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1993 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drinking water; ground water; hazardous waste; landfills; medical geology; monitoring; movement; waste disposal; water wells; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of mutagenicity testing with Salmonella typhimurium TA102 in three different laboratories. AN - 36364788; 201002-31-0247193 (CE); 11701532 (EN) AB - Thirty compounds of various chemical classes were investigated for mutagenicity in a collaborative study (three laboratories) using Salmonella typhimurium TA102. With five compounds, hydrazine sulfate, phenylhydrazine, hydralazine, glutardialdehyde, and glyoxal, mutagenicity was detected by all laboratories. Formaldehyde was assessed as weakly mutagenic in only one of three laboratories. The remaining 24 agents were uniformly described as non-genotoxic in TA102. In spite of the overall good qualitative agreement in the mutagenicity results between the three laboratories, some quantitative discrepancies occurred in the dose response of the mutagenic compounds. Varying inter- and intralaboratory differences in the spontaneous rate of revertants were obtained. The usefulness of the tester strain TA102 in routine mutagenicity testing is discussed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Muller, W AU - Engelhart, G AU - Herbold, B AU - Jackh, R AU - Jung, R AD - Hoechst AG, Frankfurt, Germany. PY - 1993 SP - 33 EP - 36 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mutagenicity KW - Salmonella KW - Hydrazines KW - Strain KW - Health KW - Sulfates KW - Spontaneous KW - Routines KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36364788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+mutagenicity+testing+with+Salmonella+typhimurium+TA102+in+three+different+laboratories.&rft.au=Muller%2C+W%3BEngelhart%2C+G%3BHerbold%2C+B%3BJackh%2C+R%3BJung%2C+R&rft.aulast=Muller&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability in chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and mitogen-induced blastogenesis in peripheral lymphocytes from control individuals. AN - 36360683; 201002-31-0247196 (CE); 11701535 (EN) AB - Confidence in results from monitoring genetic end points in environmentally or occupationally exposed individuals can be improved with knowledge of the normal variability of changes in genetic end points in the general population. Confounding effects can be determined, and study interpretation can be improved by correlation of this variability with various lifestyle factors such as sex and age, smoking and drinking habits, viral infections, exposure to diagnostic X-rays, etc. Eight blood samples were taken from each of 24 male and 24 female volunteers over a period of 2 years. Questionnaires pertaining to lifestyle were completed at the time of each sampling. Whole blood was cultured and slides prepared for chromosome aberration (CA) or sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis. Separated mononuclear cells were cultured with a range of phytohemagglutinin concentrations, and the maximum level of mitogen-induced blastogenesis was determined by measurement of [3H]thymidine uptake. There was a significant effect of both year and season of sampling for all three end points. Because there was no consistent pattern in 2 successive years, effects were thought to be independent of season. No significant effects in any of the three end points were found with respect to sex or age nor any of the other lifestyle factors, although SCE frequency and mitogen-induced blastogenesis were nearly always higher in females than in males. These results point to the need for concurrent sampling of controls with exposed populations. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Anderson, D AU - Francis, A J AU - Godbert, P AU - Jenkinson, P C AU - Butterworth, K R AD - BIBRA Toxicology International, Carshalton, Surrey, Great Britain. PY - 1993 SP - 83 EP - 88 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Sampling KW - Exchange KW - Chromosomes KW - Seasons KW - Genetics KW - Aberration KW - Confidence intervals KW - Males KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36360683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Variability+in+chromosome+aberrations%2C+sister+chromatid+exchanges%2C+and+mitogen-induced+blastogenesis+in+peripheral+lymphocytes+from+control+individuals.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+D%3BFrancis%2C+A+J%3BGodbert%2C+P%3BJenkinson%2C+P+C%3BButterworth%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A study of sister chromatid exchange and somatic cell mutation in hospital workers exposed to ethylene oxide. AN - 36357889; 201002-31-0247192 (CE); 11701531 (EN) AB - To investigate the risks of exposure to ethylene oxide (EO) at current permissible levels and at past higher levels, an inception cohort of sterilizer operators and supervisors from the Central Processing Department (CPD), respiratory therapists, and engineers exposed to EO were identified at the McMaster University Medical Centre. A comparison group from Nutrition Services (NUTR) were matched with the CPD workers on the basis of sex, age, and smoking habit. The present report is based on genetic test results for the 94 CPD and matched NUTR workers only. Statistical analysis based on the mean SCE frequency in the top 5, top 10, and all cells (50 cells scored per individual) and high frequency cells (HFC) based on the 95th percentile for nonsmoking control subjects showed a direct association with current smoking but not with EO exposure. Similarly, statistical analysis of the somatic cell mutation (SCMT) variant frequencies did not demonstrate an association with EO exposure, nor with smoking. Regression analysis indicated that sex was the only other covariate that significantly affected SCE. Age was weakly associated with SCMT. A statistically significant interaction between occupational exposure and smoking habits was observed only for the mean SCE frequency of the top 5 and top 10 cells when the 11 current CPD/NUTR pairs were not included. Thus, this interaction should be interpreted with caution. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tomkins, D J AU - Haines, T AU - Lawrence, M AU - Rosa, N AD - Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. PY - 1993 SP - 159 EP - 164 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Compounds KW - Smoking KW - Compounding KW - Habits KW - Statistical analysis KW - Mutations KW - Sex KW - Ethylene oxide KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36357889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+study+of+sister+chromatid+exchange+and+somatic+cell+mutation+in+hospital+workers+exposed+to+ethylene+oxide.&rft.au=Tomkins%2C+D+J%3BHaines%2C+T%3BLawrence%2C+M%3BRosa%2C+N&rft.aulast=Tomkins&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The HPRT short-term assay in monitoring individuals exposed to genotoxic agents. AN - 36356699; 201002-31-0247186 (CE); 11701525 (EN) AB - This paper reviews several monitoring studies where the short-term HPRT assay has been applied. The original method uses autoradiography to detect 3H-thymidine incorporation in variant cells that have undergone DNA synthesis; the bromodeoxyuridine modification employs this thymidine analog and fluorescence plus Giemsa staining. The studies discussed here were accomplished with either of these methods. methods. Exposures analyzed include radiation and chemotherapy as medical treatments and accidental exposures to radiation; these studies have been useful in the validation of the assay because radiation and anticancer drugs are well-known mutagens. Other potential mutagens such as environmental arsenic and a parasitic infection and praziquantel, used for its treatment, have also been monitored for hprt locus mutation. An overview of the results obtained with different agents and routes of exposure is presented here as well as some methodological aspects for the optimization of the assay for monitoring studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Montero, R AU - Gonsebatt, M E AU - Herrera, L A AU - Rojas, E AU - Ostrosky-Wegman, P AD - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, UNAM, Mexico D. F. PY - 1993 SP - 135 EP - 138 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Assaying KW - Exposure KW - Monitoring KW - Mutagens KW - Chemotherapy KW - Medical KW - Autoradiography KW - Fluorescence KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36356699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+HPRT+short-term+assay+in+monitoring+individuals+exposed+to+genotoxic+agents.&rft.au=Montero%2C+R%3BGonsebatt%2C+M+E%3BHerrera%2C+L+A%3BRojas%2C+E%3BOstrosky-Wegman%2C+P&rft.aulast=Montero&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification and molecular characterization of hprt mutants of human T-lymphocytes. AN - 36353303; 201002-31-0247189 (CE); 11701528 (EN) AB - Somatic mutations have been implicated as critical early events in carcinogenesis. Point mutations, deletions, and translocation events have been shown to activate oncogenes or inactivate suppressor oncogenes. In human population monitoring, quantitative analysis of mutation events that affect gene function is limited to those genes whose cellular phenotypes can be identified by selection procedures and to those tissues (like blood) that are accessible for analysis. In an effort to determine the frequency and types of mutations that can be detected at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) gene, we have used the T-cell cloning assay and have developed a strategy to propagate mutants and screen for point mutations and breakage events. Early in the clonal expansion of mutants, 1-2 x 10(4) cells are prepared as a crude cell lysate, and a sample is analyzed using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Those mutants that yield altered DNA fragments are then expanded for Southern blot hybridization, PCR, flanking probe isolation, and DNA sequencing. To date we have found presumed point mutations, intragenic deletions, and deletions that extend outside of the hprt gene. By analyzing mutations in selectable, nonessential gene markers, it should be possible to understand mechanisms of both spontaneous and induced genetic damage. An association of these specific genetic events with human diseases and the evaluation of the ability of environmental chemicals to induce these specific types of mutations will lead to a rational basis for evaluating risks from various chemical exposures. Images FIGURE 3. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Moore, M M AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Zimmerman, L J AU - Burnette, L P AU - Smith, T W AU - Everson, R B AU - O'Neill, J P AU - Fuscoe, J C AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1993 SP - 219 EP - 224 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mutations KW - Genes KW - Deletion KW - Human KW - Images KW - Genetics KW - Multiplexing KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36353303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Quantification+and+molecular+characterization+of+hprt+mutants+of+human+T-lymphocytes.&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BHarrington-Brock%2C+K%3BZimmerman%2C+L+J%3BBurnette%2C+L+P%3BSmith%2C+T+W%3BEverson%2C+R+B%3BO%27Neill%2C+J+P%3BFuscoe%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Somatic cell gene mutations in humans: biomarkers for genotoxicity. AN - 36350608; 201002-31-0247187 (CE); 11701526 (EN) AB - Somatic cell gene mutations arising in vivo in humans provide biomarkers for genotoxicity. Four assays, each measuring changes in a different "recorder" gene, are available for detecting mutations of the hemoglobin (Hb) and glycophorin A (gpa) genes in red blood cells and the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) and HLA genes in T-lymphocytes. Mean adult background mutant frequencies have been established; i.e., approximately 4 x 10(-8) (Hb), 5-10 x 10(-6) (hprt), 10-20 x 10(-6) (gpa) and 30 x 10(-6) (HLA). All the assays have now been used in studies of individuals exposed to physical and/or chemical genotoxic agents, and all have shown elevated values following exposures; examples are presented. In addition to quantitation, the lymphocyte assays allow molecular analyses of in vivo mutations, the definition of background and induced mutational spectra, and the search for unique changes for characterizing specific mutagens. The HPRT system currently has the largest database in this regard. Approximately 15% of adult background hprt mutations are due to gross structural alterations (primarily deletions) having random breakpoints; 85% result from "point" changes detected only by sequencing. In contrast, a specific intragenic deletion due to DNA cleavage at specific sites characterizes fetal hprt mutations, implicating a developmental mistake in their genesis. (This kind of developmental mistake in other genes is frequently observed in lymphoid malignancies.) Mutational spectra are just beginning to be defined for induced hprt mutations, e.g., ionizing radiation produces large deletions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Albertini, R J AU - Nicklas, J A AU - O'Neill, J P AD - VCC Genetics Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401. PY - 1993 SP - 193 EP - 201 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mutations KW - Genes KW - Genotoxicity KW - Assaying KW - Adults KW - Surgical implants KW - Deletion KW - Biomedical materials KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36350608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Somatic+cell+gene+mutations+in+humans%3A+biomarkers+for+genotoxicity.&rft.au=Albertini%2C+R+J%3BNicklas%2C+J+A%3BO%27Neill%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Albertini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic effects of dioxins in the spot test with mice. AN - 36348560; 201002-31-0247190 (CE); 11701529 (EN) AB - More than any other environmental chemicals, dioxins have been in the limelight of public interest for about 10 years. In addition to carcinogenicity, genetic risk is a cause for concern. Mutagenicity tests performed so far do not give a clear picture. The mutagenic potential of dioxins has to be considered weak or absent. Therefore, it seemed profitable to investigate comutagenicity and co-recombinogenicity of dioxins more thoroughly. The only useful method for investigating comutagenicity and co-recombinogenicity of dioxins in vivo is the spot test with mice. In this test system, a number of cocarcinogens and tumor promoters have shown comutagenic or co-recombinogenic effects. In the present study, tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and two environmental dioxin mixtures [pentachlorodibenzodioxin (PCDD) 1 and 2] were tested for genetic activity. Given alone, no mutagenic or recombinogenic effects could be observed. In combination with the carcinogenic mutagen ethyl nitrosourea (ENU) at concentrations of 128 micrograms/kg for PCCD 2, 314 micrograms/kg for PCDD 1, and 3 micrograms/kg for TCDD, a doubling of the genetic effectiveness of ENU was observed. The genetic risk can roughly be considered as 1:0.02 for TCDD:PCDD 2 and 1:0.01 for TCDD:PCDD 1. While PCDD 1 and 2 seem to enhance the mutagenic as well as the recombinogenic potential of ENU, TCDD showed mainly co-recombinogenic and antimutagenic activity. This characteristic indicates that TCDD is mainly a tumor promoter. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fahrig, R AD - Fraunhofer-Institut fur Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung, Abteilung Genetik, Hannover, Germany. PY - 1993 SP - 257 EP - 261 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Dioxins KW - Genetics KW - Tumors KW - Risk KW - Mice KW - In vivo testing KW - Biomedical materials KW - In vivo tests KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36348560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Genetic+effects+of+dioxins+in+the+spot+test+with+mice.&rft.au=Fahrig%2C+R&rft.aulast=Fahrig&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using the micronucleus assay to detect genotoxic effects of metal ions. AN - 36347785; 201002-31-0247191 (CE); 11701530 (EN) AB - The lymphocyte micronucleus assay was used to measure the average frequency of micronuclei in a population and thus assess genotoxic effects. Data from 174 persons give an average value of 16.4 +/- 7.3, and a slight age-dependence was observed. To detect combined environmental mutagen injuries the micronucleus assay was used to study the effects of metal compounds. Cadmium ions increased the micronucleus frequency linearly after incubation with whole blood in vitro with 10(6)-10(-3) M concentrations for 30 min. Similarly, a linear increase in micronucleus frequency was detected with 10(-3)-10(-1) M mercury ions. Concerning the biological effect of selenium, it was found that neither sodium selenite nor selenium dioxide induced increases at concentrations of 10(-7)-10(-6) M; 10(-5) M caused a slight increase; 10(-4) M, however, destroyed the cells. These results suggest that the human lymphocyte micronucleus test can be used to assess genotoxic injuries due to environmental effects in human lymphocytes. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Berces, J AU - Otos, M AU - Szirmai, S AU - Crane-Uruena, C AU - Koteles, G J AD - Paks Nuclear Power Plant, Hungary. PY - 1993 SP - 11 EP - 13 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Genotoxicity KW - Assaying KW - Lymphocytes KW - Injuries KW - Human KW - Cadmium KW - Sodium KW - Mutagens KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36347785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Using+the+micronucleus+assay+to+detect+genotoxic+effects+of+metal+ions.&rft.au=Berces%2C+J%3BOtos%2C+M%3BSzirmai%2C+S%3BCrane-Uruena%2C+C%3BKoteles%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Berces&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimutagenic and mutagenic potentials of Chinese radish. AN - 36346984; 201002-31-0247197 (CE); 11701536 (EN) AB - The edible part of fresh Chinese radish was chopped into small pieces, lyophilized, and then extracted sequentially with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The solvent in each fraction was removed by evaporation under reduced pressure at 50-55 degrees C, and the residue was dissolved in dimethylsufoxide just before being tested for antimutagenicity as well as mutagenicity using the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. We found that none of the three fractions exhibited any mutagenicity toward S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 when tested either in the presence or absence of S-9 mix. Interestingly, however, hexane and chloroform extracts could strongly inhibit the mutagenicities of both direct mutagens (e.g., 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide and sodium azide) and indirect mutagens (e.g., aflatoxin B1). In contrast, however, these two fractions did not inhibit the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene, which is also an indirect mutagen. Both hexane and chloroform extracts could also markedly inhibit the activities of rat liver aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase. The methanol fraction could inhibit neither the mutagenicities of direct or indirect mutagens tested nor the activities of those two rat liver enzymes. Results of the present study demonstrate that Chinese radish may not contain any mutagenic compound but does contain some nonpolar compounds with antimutagenic activity toward both direct and indirect mutagens. In addition, the antimutagenic activity toward aflatoxin B1 may be partly due to the inhibition of enzymes necessary for activation of this mutagen. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rojanapo, W AU - Tepsuwan, A AD - Biochemistry and Chemical Carcinogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand. PY - 1993 SP - 247 EP - 252 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mutagens KW - Mutagenicity KW - Methyl alcohol KW - Chloroform KW - Radishes KW - Hexanes KW - Aflatoxins KW - Enzymes KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36346984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Antimutagenic+and+mutagenic+potentials+of+Chinese+radish.&rft.au=Rojanapo%2C+W%3BTepsuwan%2C+A&rft.aulast=Rojanapo&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approaches to assessing genetic risks from exposure to chemicals. AN - 36341177; 201002-31-0247198 (CE); 11701537 (EN) AB - An effort to assess and quantify genetic risks from human exposure to mutagenic chemicals is urgently needed; otherwise genetic toxicology may well lose its credibility. Genetic biomonitoring provides us with an indication of mutagenic effectiveness in human somatic cells. The populations and chemicals selected for such studies form a useful database for genetic risk-assessment studies. Extrapolation to what can be expected in germ cells of exposed individuals should be possible by using good dosimetry (adducts) and a parallelogram approach. The principle is that genetic damage in the inaccessible human germ cells can be estimated by determining the effects on lymphocytes (or other somatic cells) from humans and mice and in germ cells of mice. Worldwide, opportunities for the costly mouse germ cell studies are limited. Knowledge of type of DNA adducts, their persistence and/or removal and dominant lethal studies, will be helpful in predicting stage sensitivity. Extrapolation from a lowest effective dose level is proposed. The available data for ethylene oxide and benzene are reviewed. The risk of heritable translocations in progeny of populations exposed to ethylene oxide is so high that more precise estimates seem desirable. In discussing the expression of the induced mutations, the importance of dominant mutations and of heterozygous effects of deletions and other recessives is pointed out. The molecular changes underlying dominant mutations in man are more limited than is the case for recessive mutations. This raises the question whether mutagenic agents can produce the specific changes leading to recoverable, dominant mutations. Extrapolation from increased mutation rates to predictable increases of human disease, whether by doubling dose or direct methods, have been criticized. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sobels, F H AD - Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden University, The Netherlands. PY - 1993 SP - 327 EP - 332 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Genetics KW - Mutations KW - Human KW - Risk KW - Extrapolation KW - Mice KW - Populations KW - Adducts KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36341177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Approaches+to+assessing+genetic+risks+from+exposure+to+chemicals.&rft.au=Sobels%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Sobels&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peculiarities of carcinogenesis under simultaneous oral administration of benzo(a)pyrene and o-cresol in mice. AN - 36338613; 201002-31-0247195 (CE); 11701534 (EN) AB - A modifying influence of ortho-cresol (o-cresol) on the carcinogenic effect of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) with combined oral administration to CC57Br mice had been found. During simultaneous administration of o-cresol (1 mg) and BaP (1 mg), the incidence of tumors, the multiplicity of tumors, and the degree of malignancy all increased, but the latency was shortened. When o-cresol was administered before or after BaP (in identical doses), the carcinogenic effect was weakened. When o-cresol (10 mg) and BaP (5 mg) were administered simultaneously, the incidence of malignant tumors was similar to controls receiving BaP only (13.8%), indicating inhibition of carcinogenesis. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Yanysheva NYa AU - Balenko, N V AU - Chernichenko, I A AU - Babiy, V F AD - Ukrainian State Medical Center for Environmental Health, Kiev. PY - 1993 SP - 341 EP - 344 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Carcinogens KW - Tumors KW - Incidence KW - Mice KW - Receiving KW - Control equipment KW - Health KW - Inhibition KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36338613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Peculiarities+of+carcinogenesis+under+simultaneous+oral+administration+of+benzo%28a%29pyrene+and+o-cresol+in+mice.&rft.au=Yanysheva+NYa%3BBalenko%2C+N+V%3BChernichenko%2C+I+A%3BBabiy%2C+V+F&rft.aulast=Yanysheva+NYa&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal factors, medications, and drug exposure in congenital limb reduction defects. AN - 36332207; 201002-31-0247200 (CE); 11701539 (EN) AB - As part of an ongoing study on all limb reduction defects occurring among 1,213,913 consecutive live births in the province of British Columbia, Canada, during 1952-1984, cases with documented maternal drug exposure and chronic maternal diseases were analyzed separately. This population-based study was made possible through the existence of an ongoing Health Surveillance Registry, which documents all infants born with congenital, genetic, or chronically handicapping conditions in the province of British Columbia. Strict rules of confidentiality are obeyed. For this part of the analysis of limb reduction defects, cases with documented maternal illness, drug abuse, and exposure to environmental hazards early in pregnancy were analyzed as a separate group to identify specific, recurring patterns of anomalies. A total of 51 cases with possibly related maternal factors were identified. Among them were five cases with maternal epilepsy, four cases with documented maternal diabetes, and three cases with uterine anomalies. Three infants, all born in 1962, had documented thalidomide exposure. It is rarely possible to identify particular teratogenic factors or specific maternal factors as etiologically related to the pattern of limb reduction defects or a spectrum of congenital malformations. Exposure to environmental factors during pregnancy is not reliably registered and can thus only occasionally be ascertained in retrospective studies. This means that very large numbers of cases and cross-referencing to other family members are required to assess whether a potential teratogen is related to limb defects or not. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Froster, U G AU - Baird, P A AD - Klinik fur Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Medizinische Universitat zu Lubeck, Germany. PY - 1993 SP - 269 EP - 274 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Defects KW - Limbs KW - Reduction KW - Infants KW - Drugs KW - Pregnancy KW - British KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36332207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Maternal+factors%2C+medications%2C+and+drug+exposure+in+congenital+limb+reduction+defects.&rft.au=Froster%2C+U+G%3BBaird%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Froster&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of cigarette-smoke-induced DNA adducts by butanol extraction and nuclease P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling in human lymphocytes and granulocytes. AN - 36331378; 201002-31-0247194 (CE); 11701533 (EN) AB - In an earlier study, we analyzed the aromatic DNA adducts separated from lymphocytes and granulocytes of smokers and nonsmokers using the nuclease P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling assay. Here we compare the butanol extraction and nuclease P1-enhanced procedure on the same kind of samples. The DNA adducts of 42 per 10(8) nucleotides from smokers' lymphocytes were statistically higher (p < 0.05) than those of 11 from nonsmokers', when analyzed by the nuclease P1 treatment, but not by the 1-butanol extraction. The radioactivity obtained from the DNA digests on the TLC plates was lower in butanol-treated DNA samples when compared to those of nuclease P1 digestion. Lymphocytes appear to be a suitable test tissue for determining aromatic carcinogen exposure when detecting smoking-related DNA adducts by the nuclease P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling analysis. Images FIGURE 1. FIGURE 2. FIGURE 3. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Savela, K AU - Hemminki, K AD - Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu, Helsinki, Finland. PY - 1993 SP - 145 EP - 150 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Nuclease KW - Adducts KW - Lymphocytes KW - Extraction KW - Statistical methods KW - Samples KW - Statistical analysis KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36331378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+cigarette-smoke-induced+DNA+adducts+by+butanol+extraction+and+nuclease+P1-enhanced+32P-postlabeling+in+human+lymphocytes+and+granulocytes.&rft.au=Savela%2C+K%3BHemminki%2C+K&rft.aulast=Savela&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mechanisms in cancer induction and prevention. AN - 36329209; 201002-31-0247188 (CE); 11701527 (EN) AB - Chemical and physical carcinogens, present in our environment and encountered in a variety of occupations, produce damage to DNA. X-rays produced direct ionizations and indirect hydroxyl radical attack. UV light in the short wavelength is specifically absorbed by unsaturated bonds in DNA, RNA, and proteins. There are a number of genetic sites that are specifically affected by environmental agents, and an increased sensitivity is found in certain genetic diseases. The development of a fully malignant tumor involves the activation or altered expression of oncogenes or the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes that control normal cellular development. Mutations in the p53 tumor-suppressor gene are common in diverse types of cancer and could perhaps provide clues to the etiology of some cancers and to the effect of various environmental and occupational carcinogens in cancer development. The fact that environmental factors are involved to a great extent in cancer suggest that cancer may be preventable. Experimental as well as epidemiological data indicate that a variety of nutritional factors can act as anticarcinogens and inhibit the process of cancer development and reduce cancer risk. The interaction of cells with a number of environmental and occupational genotoxic substances such as X-rays, UV light, and a variety of chemicals including ozone results in an enhanced generation of free oxygen radicals and in modified pro-oxidant states. A number of nutritional factors such as vitamins A, C, E, beta-carotene, and micronutrients such as selenium act as antioxidants and anticarcinogens. Certain hormones such as thyroid hormones enhance oxidative processes and act as a co-transforming factor in carcinogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images FIGURE 1. FIGURE 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Borek, C AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. PY - 1993 SP - 237 EP - 245 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Carcinogens KW - Images KW - Hormones KW - Genetics KW - Occupational KW - Genes KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36329209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Molecular+mechanisms+in+cancer+induction+and+prevention.&rft.au=Borek%2C+C&rft.aulast=Borek&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MedWatch: the FDA medical products reporting program. AN - 75971549; 8379493 JF - American family physician AU - Rheinstein, P H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD. Y1 - 1993/09/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Sep 15 SP - 636 EP - 638 VL - 48 IS - 4 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Equipment Safety KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75971549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+family+physician&rft.atitle=MedWatch%3A+the+FDA+medical+products+reporting+program.&rft.au=Rheinstein%2C+P+H&rft.aulast=Rheinstein&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-09-15&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=636&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+family+physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1993-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 75929309; 8360956 JF - JAMA AU - Nightingale, S L AD - Office of Health Affairs, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/09/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Sep 15 SP - 1290 VL - 270 IS - 11 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Methadyl Acetate KW - L59OC40KWJ KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Bioethics KW - Index Medicus KW - Biomedical and Behavioral Research KW - Legal Approach KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Sex Factors KW - Pregnant Women KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Federal Government KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Government Regulation KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- standards KW - Research Subjects KW - Methadyl Acetate -- therapeutic use KW - Patient Selection KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75929309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-09-15&rft.volume=270&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of high and low molecular weight forms of amphiregulin that differ in glycosylation and peptide core length. Evidence that the NH2-terminal region is not critical for bioactivity. AN - 75916620; 8360173 AB - Human amphiregulin (AR) is a polypeptide growth regulator which acts by binding to and activating the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinase. AR consists of an EGF-like domain and an NH2-terminal extension which contains potential glycosylation sites and nuclear localization signals. Two high molecular weight species which had molecular masses of approximately 16.5 kDa (HMW-AR1 and HMW-AR2) and a approximately 9.5-kDa low molecular weight form (LMW-AR) were isolated from the conditioned medium of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells by sequential heparin affinity, immunoaffinity, and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography. HMW-AR1 and HMW-AR2 were found to possess complex or hybrid type N-linked oligosaccharide structures that contained sialic acid. Additionally, HMW-AR1 and HMW-AR2 contained the disaccharide, Gal beta(1-->3)GalNAc, linked to Ser/Thr residues. No carbohydrate moieties were detected in LMW-AR. Mapping of the peptide cores of these molecules using antipeptide antibodies revealed that HMW-AR1 and HMW-AR2 were intact molecules, whereas LMW-AR contained the EGF-like domain, but possessed a truncated NH2-terminal extension. LMW-AR, HMW-AR1, and HMW-AR2 were all found to be potent stimulators of DNA synthesis in MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells. These results suggest that the NH2-terminal region of the AR molecule is not critical to the ability of AR to activate the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Johnson, G R AU - Prigent, S A AU - Gullick, W J AU - Stromberg, K AD - Division of Cytokine Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/09/05/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Sep 05 SP - 18835 EP - 18843 VL - 268 IS - 25 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - AREG protein, human KW - 0 KW - Amphiregulin KW - Culture Media, Conditioned KW - Disaccharides KW - EGF Family of Proteins KW - Glycoproteins KW - Growth Substances KW - Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins KW - Oligosaccharides KW - Sialic Acids KW - Epidermal Growth Factor KW - 62229-50-9 KW - Heparin KW - 9005-49-6 KW - N-Acetylneuraminic Acid KW - GZP2782OP0 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Peptide Mapping KW - Disaccharides -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Glycosylation KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Molecular Weight KW - Oligosaccharides -- analysis KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Oligosaccharides -- chemistry KW - Carbohydrate Conformation KW - Chemical Fractionation KW - Breast Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Chromatography, Affinity KW - Sialic Acids -- analysis KW - Epidermal Growth Factor -- chemistry KW - Carbohydrate Sequence KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Heparin -- metabolism KW - Growth Substances -- chemistry KW - Glycoproteins -- metabolism KW - Glycoproteins -- chemistry KW - Growth Substances -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75916620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+high+and+low+molecular+weight+forms+of+amphiregulin+that+differ+in+glycosylation+and+peptide+core+length.+Evidence+that+the+NH2-terminal+region+is+not+critical+for+bioactivity.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+G+R%3BPrigent%2C+S+A%3BGullick%2C+W+J%3BStromberg%2C+K&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-09-05&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=18835&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National adverse drug event reporting. AN - 76253969; 8135239 JF - American journal of hospital pharmacy AU - Kennedy, D L AU - Tanner, L A AU - Barash, D AU - Goetsch, R A AD - Office of the Commissioner, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 1913 EP - 1914 VL - 50 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9289, 0002-9289 KW - Galactans KW - 0 KW - Mannans KW - Plant Gums KW - guar gum KW - E89I1637KE KW - Labetalol KW - R5H8897N95 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Mannans -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Dietary Fiber -- adverse effects KW - Male KW - Labetalol -- adverse effects KW - Female KW - Esophageal Diseases -- etiology KW - Galactans -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76253969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+hospital+pharmacy&rft.atitle=National+adverse+drug+event+reporting.&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+D+L%3BTanner%2C+L+A%3BBarash%2C+D%3BGoetsch%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1913&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+hospital+pharmacy&rft.issn=00029289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis of 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene bay-region trans-7,8-diol anti-9,10-epoxide and the corresponding N2-deoxyguanosine adduct. AN - 76167262; 8292736 AB - 3-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (3-nitro-BaP) is a potent mutagenic environmental contaminant, and its biological activities have been intensively studied. It is significant to prepare its reactive metabolites and the corresponding modified DNA adducts for biological studies. The synthesis of its oxidized proximate metabolite trans-7,8-dihydro-3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (3-nitro-BaP-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol, 1), its oxidized ultimate metabolite trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3- nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (3-nitro-BaP-DE, 2), and the corresponding DNA adduct 10-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3- nitrobenzo[a]pyrene is described. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Fu, P P AU - Wu, Y S AU - Von Tungeln, L S AU - Lai, J S AU - Chiarelli, M P AU - Evans, F E AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. PY - 1993 SP - 603 EP - 608 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - 3-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide KW - 149559-16-0 KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide KW - 55097-80-8 KW - 10-N(2)-deoxyguanosine-3-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene-7,8,9-triol KW - 62624-73-1 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- analogs & derivatives KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- chemical synthesis KW - Mutagens -- chemical synthesis KW - Deoxyguanosine -- chemical synthesis KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76167262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+3-nitrobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+bay-region+trans-7%2C8-diol+anti-9%2C10-epoxide+and+the+corresponding+N2-deoxyguanosine+adduct.&rft.au=Fu%2C+P+P%3BWu%2C+Y+S%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+L+S%3BLai%2C+J+S%3BChiarelli%2C+M+P%3BEvans%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetics of cocaine in pregnant and nonpregnant rhesus monkeys. AN - 76137150; 8274818 AB - To determine pharmacokinetic parameters for cocaine in rhesus monkey plasma, samples were taken over several hours after i.m. administration of cocaine plus a tritiated cocaine tracer. Cocaine and its metabolites, benzoylecgonine and norcocaine, were isolated via HPLC and quantitated using liquid scintillation spectrometry. Pregnant subjects were dosed with cocaine at 0.3 (n = 3) or 1.0 (n = 3) mg/kg, whereas nonpregnant female subjects were dosed with 1.0 mg/kg (n = 3). For the pregnant subjects, pharmacokinetic studies were conducted on about gestational day 125 and areas under the concentration versus time curve (AUCs, ng/mL x h) were 64 +/- 26 (+/- SEM) and 143 +/- 12; half-lives (t1/2s, h) were 1.9 +/- 0.6 and 1.1 +/- 0.1 after 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg i.m., respectively. For nonpregnant subjects dosed acutely with 1.0 mg/kg, the AUC was 262 +/- 63 and the t1/2 was 1.4 +/- 0.3. There appear to be few differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of cocaine and benzoylecgonine between pregnant and nonpregnant monkeys in this study. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Duhart, H M AU - Fogle, C M AU - Gillam, M P AU - Bailey, J R AU - Slikker, W AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. PY - 1993 SP - 429 EP - 437 VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy, Animal -- metabolism KW - Cocaine -- urine KW - Cocaine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cocaine -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76137150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetics+of+cocaine+in+pregnant+and+nonpregnant+rhesus+monkeys.&rft.au=Duhart%2C+H+M%3BFogle%2C+C+M%3BGillam%2C+M+P%3BBailey%2C+J+R%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Duhart&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Children at work: prevention of occupational injury and disease. AN - 76078790; 8238032 AB - Because children are an isolated population that generally lacks a collective political voice, it is up to the rest of society to look after their well-being. The grim economic circumstances that plague impoverished nations around the world have resulted in many young children having to work to help their families survive. Often, these children have no choice but to work in dangerous places and under generally appalling conditions. Even in wealthy countries like the United States, the problems associated with child labor are a legitimate threat to our single most important investment for the future--the safety and health of our children. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Lemen, R A AU - Layne, L A AU - Castillo, D N AU - Lancashire, J H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Atlanta, GA 30333. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 325 EP - 330 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Employment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Employment -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Child Welfare -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76078790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Children+at+work%3A+prevention+of+occupational+injury+and+disease.&rft.au=Lemen%2C+R+A%3BLayne%2C+L+A%3BCastillo%2C+D+N%3BLancashire%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Lemen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety limits for nutrient intakes: concepts and data requirements. AN - 76077400; 8247422 AB - The possible quantitative methods calculating safety limits for nutrient intakes are related conceptually to those used to calculate safe limits for exposure to environmental chemicals and to the therapeutic index used to assess the relative safety of drugs. The impact of using a fixed SF has been compared with the use of variable SFs. Of the methods identified, the SRM gives lower limits than does the MPM. However, neither of these methods calculates safety limits below the RDA, even for nutrients with narrow margins of safety. The acceptability criteria for toxicity data for use in identifying safety limits are an issue of major importance and must be resolved before calculated limits may be used to support policy or regulatory decisions. An advantage of adopting a standard formula involving systematically varying SFs to calculate safety limits is that the margin of safety below the expected range of toxicity for each nutrient would be systematic, without having the safety limit for any nutrient regress below its RDA. Once the data acceptability criteria were met, the safety limit would be identified objectively. The confidence in and reasonableness of safety limits, regardless of the method used to define them, will be enhanced if the objectives, data criteria, and the quantitative method have been agreed upon ahead of time by groups responsible for nutrition and health policy. Even with such agreement, the confidence in using such procedures to support policy decisions will be improved by the extent and quality of the data base on toxicity and adverse reactions associated with consumption of excessive levels of the nutrients under consideration. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Hathcock, J N AD - Division of Science and Applied Technology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 278 EP - 285 VL - 51 IS - 9 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Minerals KW - 0 KW - Vitamins KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Food Contamination KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- standards KW - Vitamins -- adverse effects KW - Minerals -- administration & dosage KW - Food, Fortified -- adverse effects KW - Vitamins -- administration & dosage KW - Minerals -- adverse effects KW - Food, Fortified -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76077400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Safety+limits+for+nutrient+intakes%3A+concepts+and+data+requirements.&rft.au=Hathcock%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Hathcock&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methyl bromide determination in selected foods by headspace technique. AN - 76072254; 8241812 AB - A headspace method used earlier for determining methyl bromide (MB) in assorted nuts and peanut butters has been successfully applied to other foods that could potentially contain traces of this toxic fumigant. The foods tested include 63 off-the-shelf spices and seasonings, 83 table-ready items (grain-based, dried, or highly seasoned), 30 dried fruits and trail mixes, and 38 oil-based items (oil-seeds, cooking oils, or spicy oil-based dressings). Sample headspace gas is produced by blending < or = 50 g sample in 250 +/- 50 mL aqueous solution in a sealed 1000 mL blender cup. After equilibration at 25 degrees C, the headspace is sampled with a gas-tight syringe and injected into a dual column-dual detector gas chromatograph. One determination is made with a 20% OV-101 packed column and a 63Ni electron capture detector (ECD), the other with a GS-Q wide-bore capillary column and a Hall electrolytic conductivity detector (HECD). Of the approximately 200 samples tested, none contained detectable MB residue at a quantitation limit < 100 ng/g sample. All fortified samples yielded MB recovery. Samples were fortified at levels ranging from 78 to 3250 ng MB/g. Recoveries ranged from a mean high of 56% for spices and seasonings to a mean low of 30% for oil-based foods. The overall recovery and CV, including the results from assorted nuts and peanut butters, were 46 and 33%, respectively. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Daft, J L AD - Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Kansas City, MO 64106. PY - 1993 SP - 1083 EP - 1091 VL - 76 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - 0 KW - methyl bromide KW - 9V42E1Z7B6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Arachis -- chemistry KW - Nuts -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76072254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Methyl+bromide+determination+in+selected+foods+by+headspace+technique.&rft.au=Daft%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Daft&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1083&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Problems in assessing the relative predictive value of internal markers versus external exposure in chronic disease epidemiology. AN - 76040252; 8220095 AB - Epidemiology traditionally has relied on measures of "external" exposure in determining the association between exposure and disease. Recently, there has been increasing reliance on internal markers reflecting internal dose and/or early stages of disease. In the context of observational studies of chronic disease in which there is a known exposure-disease association, the question arises whether the external exposure or the internal marker is a better predictor of eventual disease outcome. Here we describe some simple approaches to evaluate the relative predictive value of the internal marker (or biomarker, defined in the most general sense) versus the exposure, as well as their limitations. The problems of assessing the predictive value of internal markers for chronic disease are illustrated via two examples: (a) carcinogens, cytogenetic outcomes, and cancer; and (b) asbestos, asbestosis, and lung cancer. We conclude that it is unlikely that observational epidemiology will allow a full assessment of the predictive value of cytogenetic outcomes versus exposure for cancer in humans exposed to known carcinogens in the near future, although animal studies could provide important complementary information. For asbestos, data to date indicate that the presence or absence of asbestosis is a better predictor of lung cancer in an exposed population than is the level of exposure to asbestos itself. In general, the most useful markers for predicting chronic disease are ones which persist over time. JF - Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology AU - Steenland, K AU - Tucker, J AU - Salvan, A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. PY - 1993 SP - 487 EP - 491 VL - 2 IS - 5 SN - 1055-9965, 1055-9965 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Causality KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Models, Statistical KW - Forecasting KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Chronic Disease -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76040252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.atitle=Problems+in+assessing+the+relative+predictive+value+of+internal+markers+versus+external+exposure+in+chronic+disease+epidemiology.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BTucker%2C+J%3BSalvan%2C+A&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.issn=10559965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple levels of response in carcinogenicity bioassays: regulational variation among viable yellow (Avy/-) mice. AN - 76037468; 8218437 AB - Within genetically identical inbred and F1 hybrid test animal populations there exist subpopulations with different levels of sensitivity to induction of toxic endpoints, e.g., neoplasms, in response to toxicant exposure. These subpopulations differ from each other by other phenotypic characteristics as well. Presumably, these differences reflect alterations in the quantitative expression of some genes. These alterations are most probably directly or indirectly induced by subtle prenatal, neonatal or postnatal changes in endogenous microenvironmental conditions or factors. Such subpopulations have been identified within a population of agouti A/a and mottled yellow Avy/A (C3H x VY)F1 hybrid male mice. In these subpopulations differential body weight gain and formation of multiple liver adenomas in response to phenobarbital treatment were correlated with altered constitutive and inducible hepatic drug-metabolizing isozyme activities. These subpopulations could be identified by body weight as early as weaning age. In a different population of (YS x VY)F1 hybrid female mice, three phenotypes with different patterns of sensitivity to liver and lung tumor formation form visually separable phenotypic subpopulations by postnatal day 7. Two of these phenotypes, obese mottled yellow and lean pseudoagouti, are genetically identical (genotype: Avy/a), while the third phenotype, lean black a/a, differs from the others by just the Avy allele. The yellow and pseudoagouti mice, fed lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) for 24 months, differed with respect to liver tumor incidence but had similar incidences of lung tumors. In contrast, the black mice, fed lindane, were totally resistant to both types of tumors. Analyses of phenotypic variation within other inbred or F1 hybrid populations have identified analogous subpopulations. In carcinogenicity assays this phenotypic variability can be used to mimic differential sensitivity to toxicant exposure among individuals in human populations. Data obtained from such phenotypic subpopulations should assist in improving risk assessment efforts. JF - Journal of experimental animal science AU - Wolff, G L AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 221 EP - 231 VL - 35 IS - 5-6 SN - 0939-8600, 0939-8600 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Genetic Variation KW - Animals KW - Animals, Genetically Modified -- genetics KW - Mice KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Male KW - Female KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Mice, Mutant Strains -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76037468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+experimental+animal+science&rft.atitle=Multiple+levels+of+response+in+carcinogenicity+bioassays%3A+regulational+variation+among+viable+yellow+%28Avy%2F-%29+mice.&rft.au=Wolff%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Wolff&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+experimental+animal+science&rft.issn=09398600&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of imported green coffee beans for pesticide residues. AN - 76031151; 8224325 AB - The US Food and Drug Administration carries out incidence/level monitoring in order to acquire data on the presence and amounts of pesticide residues in particular commodity/chemical combinations. In the survey reported here, imported green coffee beans were analysed for a variety of pesticide chemicals. A total of 60 green coffee samples were collected from 21 countries that are major exporters of coffee to the United States. The samples were analysed for organochlorine/organophosphorus, N-methyl carbamate, benomyl group and EBDC residues. Four samples had detectable residues: chlorpyrifos, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 ppm and pirimiphos-methyl, 0.01 ppm. The majority (93%) of the green coffee samples analysed in this survey had no detectable pesticide residues. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Jacobs, R M AU - Yess, N J AD - Food and Drug Administration, San Francisco, CA 94102. PY - 1993 SP - 575 EP - 577 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Coffee KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Coffee -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76031151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Survey+of+imported+green+coffee+beans+for+pesticide+residues.&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+R+M%3BYess%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of hepatitis A virus in Mercenaria mercenaria by coupled reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. AN - 76009016; 8215351 AB - Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a major cause of infectious hepatitis in humans. In this respect, bivalve mollusks pose a major health concern because they are filter feeders and can concentrate the virus up to 900-fold from contaminated water. Detection of HAV has been hampered because wild-type HAV grows poorly if at all in cell culture. Here we describe a technique for the detection of HAV in shellfish based on reverse transcription coupled with the polymerase chain reaction. RNA is isolated from hard-shell clam tissue and reverse transcribed with avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase. A portion of the cDNA pool is then amplified with primers specific for HAV. In experiments with an in vitro-synthesized HAV transcript, we were able to detect HAV sequence in the presence of a 200-million-fold excess of shellfish RNA. When intact virus was added to shellfish tissue before the isolation of RNA, the method was capable of detecting 10 viral RNA molecules in a reaction mixture. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Goswami, B B AU - Koch, W H AU - Cebula, T A AD - Division of Molecular Biological Research and Evaluation, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 2765 EP - 2770 VL - 59 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Viral KW - RNA, Viral KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Hepatitis A -- transmission KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - RNA, Viral -- genetics KW - DNA, Viral -- genetics KW - Bivalvia -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- statistics & numerical data KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Hepatovirus -- isolation & purification KW - Hepatovirus -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76009016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+hepatitis+A+virus+in+Mercenaria+mercenaria+by+coupled+reverse+transcription+and+polymerase+chain+reaction.&rft.au=Goswami%2C+B+B%3BKoch%2C+W+H%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Goswami&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Clin Microbiol. 1983 May;17(5):834-9 [6306048] J Gen Virol. 1992 Jun;73 ( Pt 6):1365-77 [1318940] J Clin Microbiol. 1986 Mar;23(3):434-40 [3007565] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Oct;52(4):711-7 [3022645] J Virol. 1987 Jan;61(1):50-9 [3023706] Methods Enzymol. 1987;152:288-96 [3657574] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Oct;53(10):2487-95 [2447830] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Dec;53(12):2967-71 [2829721] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Dec;86(24):9717-21 [2481313] J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Mar;28(3):438-42 [2157735] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Apr;87(8):2867-71 [2158093] Biochemistry. 1990 Nov 13;29(45):10351-6 [1979752] Biochemistry. 1991 Aug 6;30(31):7661-6 [1714296] Biotechniques. 1991 May;10(5):626-30 [1910780] Am J Public Health. 1991 Oct;81(10):1268-72 [1928524] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Oct;57(10):2963-8 [1660697] N Engl J Med. 1985 Oct 24;313(17):1059-67 [2413356] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Naturally occurring toxins in feedstuffs: Center for Veterinary Medicine Perspective. AN - 75991784; 8407668 AB - The objectives of this review are to provide 1) information on the FDA Feed Contaminants Program, 2) the legal history of aflatoxins and their current action levels, 3) a report on the levels of aflatoxins, fumonisins, vomitoxin, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone in domestic and import surveillance samples of feed during fiscal years 1989 through 1992, and 4) information on naturally occurring toxins encountered recently by the Center for Veterinary Medicine. Ten of 644 (1.6%) domestic corn samples and 7 of 106 (6.6%) domestic cottonseed samples contained aflatoxins at levels > 300 ppb. The mean fumonisin level in the 1990 survey of 85 corn screening samples was 12.1 ppm, and the values ranged from 2.6 to 32 ppm. The mean vomitoxin levels in the 1991 survey of 207 winter wheat samples and 206 spring wheat samples was 2.4 and .9 ppm, respectively. Ochratoxin A was not detected in 168 samples. Zearalenone was detected at levels > .15 ppm in only 1 of 161 samples. Cottonseed containing 13,000 ppm gossypol was recently implicated in the deaths of dairy cows. Crambe meal and canola meal are sanctioned for use in feed with certain restrictions, including the levels of glucosinolates. The FDA is continuing its surveillance and will strive to provide guidance on the increasing number of naturally occurring toxins. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Price, W D AU - Lovell, R A AU - McChesney, D G AD - Division of Animal Feeds, Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Rockville, MD 20855. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 2556 EP - 2562 VL - 71 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Alkaloids KW - Erucic Acids KW - Fumonisins KW - Glucosinolates KW - Mycotoxins KW - Ochratoxins KW - Toxins, Biological KW - Trichothecenes KW - erucic acid KW - 075441GMF2 KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Zearalenone KW - 5W827M159J KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Gossypol KW - KAV15B369O KW - Index Medicus KW - Ochratoxins -- analysis KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Erucic Acids -- analysis KW - Glucosinolates -- analysis KW - Gossypol -- analysis KW - Zearalenone -- analysis KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Alkaloids -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Food Contamination KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Toxins, Biological -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75991784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Naturally+occurring+toxins+in+feedstuffs%3A+Center+for+Veterinary+Medicine+Perspective.&rft.au=Price%2C+W+D%3BLovell%2C+R+A%3BMcChesney%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of IL-12 on the generation of cytotoxic activity in human CD8+ T lymphocytes. AN - 75917892; 8103066 AB - We have studied the effects of human rIL-12 on the proliferation and generation of cytotoxic activity in human CTL precursors. Purified human blood CD8+ T lymphocytes were stimulated overnight with immobilized alpha-CD3 and cultured 3 to 4 additional days under various conditions. The addition of IL-12 resulted in a marked (10- to 20-fold), dose-dependent, augmentation of cytotoxicity per cell with a smaller (2-fold) increase in cell number. IL-12 augmentation of proliferation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells was not inhibited by a mAb to the p55 subunit of the IL-2 receptor (alpha-Tac) at a concentration sufficient to block the activity of exogenously added IL-2, indicating that the activity of IL-12 did not require IL-2. Addition of IL-12 at the time of alpha-CD3 activation or 1 day later was highly effective at augmenting cytotoxicity, whereas delayed addition of IL-12 (day 2 or 3) resulted in a smaller increase in CTL activity with no increase in cell number. IL-12 at all doses tested synergized with low dose IL-2 in inducing the proliferation and differentiation of CD8+ T cells. The synergistic effect was not blocked by adding neutralizing serum to IFN-gamma. In contrast to this synergistic effect, IL-12 significantly inhibited the proliferation observed in the presence of higher concentrations of IL-2 (4,500 and 13,500 pg/ml). An inhibitory effect of IL-12 was also observed when IL-12 was added to CD8+ T lymphocytes 3 days subsequent to activation with alpha-CD3 and IL-2. This broad set of potent effects of IL-12 on CD8+ T cell responses suggests that IL-12 may play an important immunoregulatory role on CTL development in vivo and may be a useful tool for manipulating this process in vivo for investigational and immunotherapeutic purposes. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Mehrotra, P T AU - Wu, D AU - Crim, J A AU - Mostowski, H S AU - Siegel, J P AD - Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/09/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Sep 01 SP - 2444 EP - 2452 VL - 151 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Antigens, CD8 KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Interleukins KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Interleukin-12 KW - 187348-17-0 KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Interleukin-2 -- pharmacology KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Interleukin-4 -- pharmacology KW - Drug Synergism KW - Interleukins -- pharmacology KW - Antigens, CD8 -- analysis KW - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic -- immunology KW - Cytotoxicity, Immunologic -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75917892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+IL-12+on+the+generation+of+cytotoxic+activity+in+human+CD8%2B+T+lymphocytes.&rft.au=Mehrotra%2C+P+T%3BWu%2C+D%3BCrim%2C+J+A%3BMostowski%2C+H+S%3BSiegel%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Mehrotra&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-28 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - December 1993 National Drunk and Drugged Driving (3D) Prevention Month: Program Planner. AN - 62799101; ED362802 AB - This program planner's kit is based on the experiences of the first 12 years of the National Drunk and Drugged Driving (3D) Prevention Month program and provides practical advice to help readers plan activities for this year's campaign. Included in the kit is a background and resource guide that explains the background and goals of the program and how to launch 3D Month activities. The guide also includes a corporate guide and summary of state and local activities during National 3D Prevention Month in December of 1992. Lists are provided of groups, organizations, and programs involved with impaired driving issues; governors' highway safety representatives; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration regional offices; National Prevention Network state designees; and regional alcohol and drug awareness resource network state centers. The guide concludes with a National 3D Prevention Month feedback form. Also included in the planner's kit are factsheets on .08 blood alcohol concentration, administrative license revocation, zero tolerance for youth, the cost of alcohol-related traffic crash injuries, and safety belts. One sheet suggests talking points for local speeches and interviews. Forms on press relations describe press releases and public service announcements, and provide sample opinion editorials. A proclamation for National 3D Prevention Month is provided, as are sheets of relevant camera-ready artwork. (NB) Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 60 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Drinking KW - Zero Tolerance Policy KW - Traffic Safety KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Accidents KW - Driving While Intoxicated KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62799101?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is QT interval prolongation harmful? A regulatory perspective. AN - 76120456; 8256756 AB - Drugs that prolong the QT interval may increase the risk of torsades de pointes, a potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmia. In recent years, spontaneous reports have highlighted these complications in patients receiving certain antihistamines (e.g., terfenadine or astemizole) or an agent for the treatment of incontinence (terodiline). Examination of these reports has revealed that hepatic disease or concomitant therapy with ketoconazole or macrolide antibiotics may increase the risk of QT prolongation or torsades in patients receiving terfenadine. In patients receiving astemizole, doses exceeding that recommended or concomitant therapy with ketoconazole or macrolide antibiotics have been implicated in the increased risk of these complications. With terodiline (which remains investigational in the United States), the risk of QT prolongation and torsades are of particular concern in the frail elderly, who are most likely to be treated with this agent. A possible explanation for the elevated risk may be marked increases in the elimination half-life and serum level of the drug in this group. The lessons learned from the experiences with these drugs hold implications for the future development of agents that prolong the QT interval and suggest the need for dose-response relation data and metabolic evaluations to define the subpopulations at particular risk. JF - The American journal of cardiology AU - Botstein, P AD - Office of Drug Evaluation I, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1993/08/26/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Aug 26 SP - 50B EP - 52B VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9149, 0002-9149 KW - Butylamines KW - 0 KW - terodiline KW - 70KG06964W KW - Terfenadine KW - 7BA5G9Y06Q KW - Astemizole KW - 7HU6337315 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Urinary Incontinence -- drug therapy KW - Terfenadine -- adverse effects KW - Butylamines -- adverse effects KW - Astemizole -- adverse effects KW - Torsades de Pointes -- chemically induced KW - Electrocardiography -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76120456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+cardiology&rft.atitle=Is+QT+interval+prolongation+harmful%3F+A+regulatory+perspective.&rft.au=Botstein%2C+P&rft.aulast=Botstein&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-08-26&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=50B&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+cardiology&rft.issn=00029149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A viewpoint on drugs that prolong the QTc interval. AN - 76116613; 8256757 AB - Insufficient evidence exists to suggest that prolongation of the QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) is necessarily beneficial. In all but life-threatening situations, QTc prolongation resulting from pharmacologic agents must be considered a risk. Because dose-response relations for torsades de pointes cannot be established and because prolongation of the QTc interval is thought to precede the development of torsades, it is reasonable to assume that the QTc prolongation itself constitutes the marker of risk. An assessment of the relation between the dose of a given drug and its effect on the QTc interval will aid in making the judgment that the potential benefit outweighs the risk. Ideally, a drug should demonstrate as wide a safety margin as possible, as reflected in a large separation between the ED50 value associated with therapeutic benefit and that associated with QTc prolongation. JF - The American journal of cardiology AU - Lipicky, R J AD - Division of Cardio-Renal Drug Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1993/08/26/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Aug 26 SP - 53B EP - 54B VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9149, 0002-9149 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Torsades de Pointes -- chemically induced KW - Electrocardiography -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76116613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+cardiology&rft.atitle=A+viewpoint+on+drugs+that+prolong+the+QTc+interval.&rft.au=Lipicky%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Lipicky&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-08-26&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=53B&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+cardiology&rft.issn=00029149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Surgeon General, US Public Health Service. AN - 75863555; 8340968 JF - JAMA AU - Novello, A C AD - Office of the Surgeon General, Washington, DC 20201. Y1 - 1993/08/18/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Aug 18 SP - 806 VL - 270 IS - 7 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Plants, Toxic KW - United States Public Health Service KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Industry -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Tobacco KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75863555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Surgeon+General%2C+US+Public+Health+Service.&rft.au=Novello%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Novello&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-08-18&rft.volume=270&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-31 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MedWatch: the new medical products reporting program. AN - 76089967; 8256839 JF - The American journal of nursing AU - Couig, M P AU - Merkatz, R B AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 65 EP - 68 VL - 93 IS - 8 SN - 0002-936X, 0002-936X KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - United States KW - Societies, Nursing KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - Equipment and Supplies -- adverse effects KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76089967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+nursing&rft.atitle=MedWatch%3A+the+new+medical+products+reporting+program.&rft.au=Couig%2C+M+P%3BMerkatz%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Couig&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+nursing&rft.issn=0002936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of caloric restriction on aflatoxin B1-induced DNA synthesis, AFB1-DNA binding and cell proliferation in Fischer 344 rats. AN - 76060766; 8231286 AB - Young adult male Fischer rats maintained on a reduced calorie diet (60% of ad libitum food consumption) for 6 weeks showed a decrease in the binding of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to hepatic or renal nuclear DNA and a reduction of AFB1-induced hepatocellular damage. Repeated dosing of rats with AFB1 resulted in the inhibition of hepatic and renal DNA synthesis measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. However, the rate of DNA synthesis was greater in ad libitum (AL) rats than in calorically restricted (CR) animals. Three days after AFB1 dosing, the rate of DNA synthesis had recovered to the control level. Cell cycle analyses measured by a flow cytometric method on kidney cells of both AL and CR rats showed that there were no significant changes in cell populations in the S phase between these two groups of rats. AFB1 inhibited the cell proliferation on an average of 33%. The restoration of the cell proliferation in kidney cells was found on the third day after AFB1 dosing. The rate of the regenerative cell proliferation was found to be slightly greater in AL rats than in CR animals. The AFB1-induced regenerative DNA synthesis in both liver and kidney was retarded by CR. JF - Mechanisms of ageing and development AU - Chou, M W AU - Lu, M H AU - Pegram, R A AU - Gao, P AU - Cao, S AU - Kong, J AU - Hart, R W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/08/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Aug 01 SP - 23 EP - 33 VL - 70 IS - 1-2 SN - 0047-6374, 0047-6374 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Male KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Diet, Reducing KW - Cell Division -- physiology KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- toxicity KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76060766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mechanisms+of+ageing+and+development&rft.atitle=Effect+of+caloric+restriction+on+aflatoxin+B1-induced+DNA+synthesis%2C+AFB1-DNA+binding+and+cell+proliferation+in+Fischer+344+rats.&rft.au=Chou%2C+M+W%3BLu%2C+M+H%3BPegram%2C+R+A%3BGao%2C+P%3BCao%2C+S%3BKong%2C+J%3BHart%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mechanisms+of+ageing+and+development&rft.issn=00476374&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of oxidative single- and double-strand breaks in DNA by ferric citrate. AN - 75957833; 8397139 AB - The relative risk of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in genetic hemochromatosis (GH) is estimated at over 200 times as that of control populations. Recently, ferric ion chelated to citrate (Fe-citrate) was identified as the major non-transferrin-bound iron in the serum of GH patients. We investigated whether low concentration of Fe-citrate plus reductant could damage supercoiled plasmid DNA under physiological pH and ionic strength. Incubation of Fe-citrate with either H2O2, L-ascorbate, or L-cysteine induced single- and double-strand breaks in supercoiled plasmid pZ189 in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. DNA strand breaks produced by Fe-citrate plus H2O2 increased at reduced pH (< or = 6.9). Catalase and free radical scavengers inhibited the DNA breakage produced by Fe-citrate in combination with each reductant, suggesting that H2O2 and finally .OH are responsible DNA damaging species. The catalytic ability of Fe-citrate to induce DNA strand breaks, particularly double-strand breaks (DSBs), may contribute to the carcinogenic processes observed in GH. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Toyokuni, S AU - Sagripanti, J L AD - Molecular Biology Branch, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 117 EP - 123 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - DNA, Superhelical KW - 0 KW - Ferric Compounds KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - ferric citrate KW - 63G354M39Z KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Deferoxamine KW - J06Y7MXW4D KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Osmolar Concentration KW - Cysteine -- pharmacology KW - Superoxides -- pharmacology KW - Deferoxamine -- pharmacology KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Plasmids KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Catalase -- pharmacology KW - DNA, Superhelical -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage KW - Ferric Compounds -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75957833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Induction+of+oxidative+single-+and+double-strand+breaks+in+DNA+by+ferric+citrate.&rft.au=Toyokuni%2C+S%3BSagripanti%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Toyokuni&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1993-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluoro-gold and pentamidine inhibit the in vitro and in vivo release of dopamine in the striatum of rat. AN - 75900806; 8355181 AB - Fluoro-Gold (FG), first developed as an antifungal/antiparasitic agent, is now also used extensively as a retrograde tracer in histological studies of nervous tissue. The fact that FG is taken up by dopamine (DA) terminals before its retrograde transport to DA cell bodies implies a presynaptic interaction, though the biochemical target(s) and mechanism(s) are unknown. To further elucidate, FG and another aromatic diamidine, pentamidine, were tested on [3H]DA release and uptake in vitro from striatal slices and synaptosomes. Neither compound affected [3H]DA uptake in synaptosomes and slices, and neither inhibited DA efflux mediated through reversal of DA uptake mechanisms. NMDA-mediated glutamate-evoked DA release was completely inhibited by either FG (IC50 approximately 3 microM) or pentamidine (IC50 approximately 1 microM), and 20 mM K(+)-evoked DA release was inhibited by similar concentrations but only to 60% of control. Arginine (up to 500 microM) and spermidine (200 microM) failed to reverse 33 microM FG inhibition of either the spontaneous or the glutamate-evoked DA release, indicating that FG inhibition of release was not necessarily via blockade of either nitric oxide generation or spermidine binding to NMDA receptors. Interestingly, FG (33 microM) and pentamidine (10 microM) inhibited 1 and 5 microM D-methamphetamine (METH)-evoked [3H]DA release to approximately 50% of control, and in striatal synaptosomes, FG (33 microM) and pentamidine (10 microM) inhibited 5 microM METH- and 1.25 mM Ca(++)-evoked DA release. Additionally, in vivo brain microdialysis supported the in vitro results; 100 microM FG in the microdialysis buffer inhibited 70% of the increase in extracellular DA in the striatum produced by 2.5 mg/kg METH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Gough, B AU - Broening, H W AU - Newport, G D AU - Schmued, L AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 1066 EP - 1074 VL - 266 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - 2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene, methanesulfonate salt KW - 0 KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Stilbamidines KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Pentamidine KW - 673LC5J4LQ KW - Reserpine KW - 8B1QWR724A KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Reserpine -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Potassium -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Dopamine -- secretion KW - Corpus Striatum -- secretion KW - Pentamidine -- pharmacology KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Fluorescent Dyes -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75900806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Fluoro-gold+and+pentamidine+inhibit+the+in+vitro+and+in+vivo+release+of+dopamine+in+the+striatum+of+rat.&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BGough%2C+B%3BBroening%2C+H+W%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BSchmued%2C+L&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=266&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1066&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Children of Alcoholics: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs Resource Guide. AN - 62712467; ED383984 AB - This resource guide contains a list of materials for professionals working with children of alcoholics. The information is divided into four sections: (1) prevention materials that include coping with an alcoholic or drug-abusing parent, kids talking to kids, and networking; (2) curricula including learning to live drug free, and resources for the school setting); (3) studies, articles, and reports on children of alcoholics including research on children of alcoholics, protecting children of alcoholics, and self-perception of children of alcoholics; and (4) a list of groups, programs, and organization that support children of alcoholics. (JE) Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 28 KW - Children of Alcoholics KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Drinking KW - Prevention KW - Health Materials KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Curriculum KW - Family Problems KW - Alcoholism KW - Early Intervention KW - Resource Materials KW - Alcohol Education KW - Child Welfare KW - Drinking KW - Prevention KW - Health Materials KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Curriculum KW - Family Problems KW - Alcoholism KW - Early Intervention KW - Resource Materials KW - Alcohol Education KW - Child Welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62712467?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For a related document, see CG 026 279. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a DNA binding domain in the C-terminus of HIV-1 integrase by deletion mutagenesis. AN - 75891772; 8346030 AB - The integrase (IN) protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) catalyzes site-specific cleavage of 2 bases from the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence yet it binds DNA with little DNA sequence specificity. We have previously demonstrated that the C-terminal half of IN (amino acids 154-288) possesses a DNA binding domain. In order to further characterize this region, a series of clones expressing truncated forms of IN as N-terminal fusion proteins in E.coli were constructed and analyzed by Southwestern blotting. Proteins containing amino acids 1-263, 1-248 and 170-288 retained the ability to bind DNA, whereas a protein containing amino acids 1-180 showed no detectable DNA binding. This defines a DNA binding domain contained within amino acids 180-248. This region contains an arrangement of 9 lysine and arginine residues each separated by 2-4 amino acids (KxxxKxxxKxxxxRxxxRxxRxxxxKxxxKxxxK), spanning amino acids 211-244, which is conserved in all HIV-1 isolates. A clone expressing full-length IN with a C-terminal fusion of 16 amino acids was able to bind DNA comparably to a cloned protein with a free C-terminus, and an IN-specific monoclonal antibody which recognizes an epitope contained within amino acids 264-279 was unable to block DNA binding, supporting the evidence that a region necessary for binding lies upstream of amino acid 264. JF - Nucleic acids research AU - Woerner, A M AU - Marcus-Sekura, C J AD - Division of Viral Products, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/07/25/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jul 25 SP - 3507 EP - 3511 VL - 21 IS - 15 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - DNA Probes KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - DNA Nucleotidyltransferases KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Integrases KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Plasmids KW - Binding Sites KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Gene Deletion KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Blotting, Western KW - Transfection KW - Blotting, Southern KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - DNA Nucleotidyltransferases -- genetics KW - HIV-1 -- enzymology KW - DNA Nucleotidyltransferases -- chemistry KW - Mutagenesis KW - DNA Nucleotidyltransferases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75891772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+acids+research&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+DNA+binding+domain+in+the+C-terminus+of+HIV-1+integrase+by+deletion+mutagenesis.&rft.au=Woerner%2C+A+M%3BMarcus-Sekura%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Woerner&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-07-25&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=3507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+acids+research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-07 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Mol Cell Biol. 1992 May;12(5):2331-8 [1314954] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1992 Feb;8(2):297-304 [1540416] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jul 15;89(14):6580-4 [1631159] J Biol Chem. 1992 Aug 15;267(23):16037-40 [1322888] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 1;89(15):6741-5 [1323118] J Virol. 1992 Nov;66(11):6361-9 [1404595] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Oct 15;89(20):9598-602 [1409671] J Virol. 1992 Dec;66(12):7414-9 [1433523] J Virol. 1993 Jan;67(1):425-37 [8416376] Nature. 1985 Jan 24-30;313(6000):277-84 [2578615] J Virol. 1986 Jun;58(3):970-4 [3009900] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Oct;83(20):7648-52 [2429313] Gene. 1986;48(2-3):183-93 [2881844] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988 Feb 28;949(2):213-23 [2449245] J Mol Biol. 1988 Sep 5;203(1):131-9 [3054118] Virology. 1988 Dec;167(2):634-8 [3059679] Genes Dev. 1989 Apr;3(4):469-78 [2721960] Cell. 1989 Jul 14;58(1):47-54 [2546673] J Virol. 1989 Dec;63(12):5319-27 [2555556] Cell. 1990 Jan 12;60(1):3-4 [2403842] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1990 Mar;6(3):317-27 [1692722] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jul;87(13):5119-23 [2164223] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1990;3(9):839-51 [2166782] Cell. 1990 Aug 24;62(4):829-37 [2167180] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Aug 16;170(3):1061-6 [2202296] J Virol. 1990 Oct;64(10):4709-17 [2204722] Cell. 1990 Oct 5;63(1):87-95 [2170022] J Virol. 1991 Mar;65(3):1160-7 [1847445] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 15;88(4):1339-43 [1847518] J Virol. 1991 Apr;65(4):1910-5 [2002549] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1990 Dec;6(12):1399-408 [2078417] Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Feb 25;19(4):851-60 [1850126] Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Jul 25;19(14):3821-7 [1861975] Cell. 1991 Dec 20;67(6):1211-21 [1760846] Science. 1992 Feb 7;255(5045):723-6 [1738845] Virology. 1992 Jun;188(2):459-68 [1585629] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic analysis of antibacterial drug residues in food products of animal origin. AN - 75920325; 8360305 AB - This paper reviews recent developments in the liquid chromatographic (LC) methods of analysis for the residues of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, beta-lactams, etc.) in food products of animal origin. The review also covers clean-up procedures, such as, ultrafiltration, liquid-liquid partition, solid-phase extraction, immunoaffinity, and matrix solid-phase dispersion, for use as extraction, deproteination, and concentration steps. The LC methods offer considerable potential for rapid automated analysis, and some may be used as direct screening for residues in meat and milk. JF - Journal of chromatography AU - Shaikh, B AU - Moats, W A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Beltsville, MD 20705. Y1 - 1993/07/23/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jul 23 SP - 369 EP - 378 VL - 643 IS - 1-2 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Meat -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75920325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+analysis+of+antibacterial+drug+residues+in+food+products+of+animal+origin.&rft.au=Shaikh%2C+B%3BMoats%2C+W+A&rft.aulast=Shaikh&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-07-23&rft.volume=643&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Teratogenic potential of FD&C Red No. 3 when given by gavage. AN - 76176555; 8296313 AB - FD&C Red No. 3 (erythrosine) is a commonly used food additive. As part of a series of studies on the potential fetal developmental effects of food colors, FD&C Red No. 3 was administered by gavage to pregnant Osborne-Mendel rats at daily dose levels of 15, 30, 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg on days 0-19 of gestation. Control animals were given distilled water by gavage. On gestation day 20, the animals were euthanized and cesarean sections were performed. During the entire treatment period, feed consumption by the animals given 400 mg/kg doses was increased significantly; the increases in the animals given 30 or 800 mg/kg were of borderline significance. The only significant increase in maternal weight gain, on days 0-7 in the animals given 30 mg/kg, was considered a random occurrence. No dose-related changes were seen in maternal clinical findings, implantations, fetal viability, or fetal size (weight and length). No fetal terata were seen, and neither skeletal nor visceral development was affected. FD&C Red No. 3 was neither fetotoxic nor teratogenic at 800 mg/kg when given by gavage. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Collins, T F AU - Black, T N AU - Ruggles, D I AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 605 EP - 616 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Erythrosine KW - PN2ZH5LOQY KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Intubation, Gastrointestinal KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Pregnancy KW - Erythrosine -- administration & dosage KW - Erythrosine -- toxicity KW - Food Additives -- administration & dosage KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Food Additives -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76176555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Teratogenic+potential+of+FD%26amp%3BC+Red+No.+3+when+given+by+gavage.&rft.au=Collins%2C+T+F%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BRuggles%2C+D+I&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of BALB/c-3T3 cells: IV. Rank-ordered potency of 24 chemical responses detected in a sensitive new assay procedure. AN - 76108170; 8243401 AB - This report introduces an improved method of detecting chemical-induced morphological transformation of A-31-1-13 BALB/c-3T3 cells. The new procedure uses an increased target cell population to assess chemical-induced damage by increasing the initial seeding density and by delaying the initiation time of chemical treatment. Furthermore, a newly developed co-culture clonal survival assay was used to select chemical doses for the transformation assay. This assay measured the relative cloning efficiency (RCE) of chemical treatments in high-density cell cultures. In addition, transformation assay sensitivity was enhanced through the use of improved methods to solubilize many chemicals. From a group of 24 chemicals tested in at least two trials, clear evidence of chemical-induced transformation was detected for 12 chemicals (aphidicolin, barium chloride-2H2O, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, C.I. direct blue 15, trans-cinnamaldehyde, cytosine arabinoside, diphenylnitrosamine, manganese sulfate-H2O, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, mezerein, riddelliine, and 2,6-xylidine); 2 chemicals had equivocal activity [C.I. direct blue 218 and mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate], 9 chemicals were inactive [carisoprodol, chloramphenicol sodium succinate, 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline, C.I. acid red 114, isobutyraldehyde, mono(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, sodium fluoride, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate), and 1 chemical had an indeterminate response (2,6-dinitrotoluene). All positive responses were detected in the absence of an exogenous activation system and exhibited significant activity at two or more consecutive doses. This report also presents a mathematical method that uses t-statistics for rank-ordering the potency of chemical-induced transformation responses. This model detects sensitivity differences in experiments used to evaluate chemical-induced transformation. Furthermore, it provides a method to estimate a chemical's transformation response in terms of the historical behavior of the assay, as well as its future activity. The most active of the 24 chemicals was mezerein, and the least active chemical was diphenylnitrosamine. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Matthews, E J AU - Spalding, J W AU - Tennant, R W AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 319 EP - 345 VL - 101 Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- pathology KW - 3T3 Cells -- drug effects KW - 3T3 Cells -- pathology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- chemically induced KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76108170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+BALB%2Fc-3T3+cells%3A+IV.+Rank-ordered+potency+of+24+chemical+responses+detected+in+a+sensitive+new+assay+procedure.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+E+J%3BSpalding%2C+J+W%3BTennant%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-29 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cancer Res. 1973 Dec;33(12):3239-49 [4796800] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:347-482 [8243403] Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):505-7 [7394516] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Dec;67(6):1303-12 [6947113] Cancer Res. 1982 Jul;42(7):2644-50 [6282445] Environ Mutagen. 1982;4(5):595-603 [7140678] Mutat Res. 1983 Apr;114(3):283-385 [6339891] Carcinog Compr Surv. 1985;8:305-18 [3986827] IARC Sci Publ. 1985;67:93-118 [3913647] Mutat Res. 1987 Jan-Mar;185(1-2):1-195 [3540654] Science. 1987 May 22;236(4804):933-41 [3554512] Mutat Res. 1988 Jan;204(1):17-115 [3277047] Mutat Res. 1989 Jun;223(2):73-103 [2662004] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:277-91 [8243398] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:293-310 [8243399] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:311-8 [8243400] Int J Cancer. 1973 Sep 15;12(2):463-73 [4792350] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of BALB/c-3T3 cells: II. Investigation of experimental parameters that influence detection of benzo[a]pyrene-induced transformation. AN - 76108133; 8243399 AB - Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) induced significant morphological transformation of clone A31-1-13 BALB/c-3T3 cells without exogenous activation. Therefore, BaP was selected as a model to determine the internal consistency of detection of chemical-induced transformation. BaP induced a continuum of type I-III foci of different sizes, and the ratio of type I-III to type III foci/vessel was usually about 2-fold. The major finding was that BaP induced highly significant transformation responses, and the magnitude of these responses were inversely correlated with the cytotoxicity of the treatment doses. Thus, the induction of BaP-induced transformation behaved as though it was caused by a mutational event. Variability among responses were shown to depend on the serum lot and the cryopreserved ampule of cells. In addition, experiments with low spontaneous transformation responses had an impaired ability to detect BaP; however, experiments with high or normal spontaneous responses had a normal ability to detect BaP. Because the expression of BaP-induced transformation depended on both the cytotoxicity of the treatment and the cumulative number of mitoses, the frequency of BaP-induced transformation should be reported as the number of foci/vessel, but not expressed as the number of foci/viable cell surviving the chemical treatment. These conclusions are important because the same 110 experiments described in this report were also used to evaluate the transformation responses of many different carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic chemicals. These data are being reported separately. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Matthews, E J AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 293 EP - 310 VL - 101 Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cytological Techniques KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Cryopreservation KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- pathology KW - 3T3 Cells -- drug effects KW - 3T3 Cells -- pathology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- chemically induced KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76108133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+BALB%2Fc-3T3+cells%3A+II.+Investigation+of+experimental+parameters+that+influence+detection+of+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene-induced+transformation.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-29 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Science. 1967 Sep 22;157(3795):1443-4 [4292180] Cancer Res. 1988 Nov 1;48(21):5969-76 [3167849] Int J Cancer. 1973 Sep 15;12(2):463-73 [4792350] Cancer Res. 1977 Feb;37(2):514-23 [401680] Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):505-7 [7394516] Mutat Res. 1981 Mar;86(2):193-214 [7022191] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Dec;67(6):1303-12 [6947113] Cancer Res. 1982 Jul;42(7):2644-50 [6282445] Environ Mutagen. 1982;4(5):569-74 [7140676] Environ Mutagen. 1982;4(5):595-603 [7140678] Mutat Res. 1983 Apr;114(3):283-385 [6339891] Carcinogenesis. 1983;4(6):709-15 [6861275] IARC Sci Publ. 1985;67:137-62 [3913640] IARC Sci Publ. 1985;67:93-118 [3913647] Science. 1987 May 22;236(4804):933-41 [3554512] Mutat Res. 1988 Jan;204(1):17-115 [3277047] Environ Mol Mutagen. 1988;12(1):85-154 [3383842] Cancer Res. 1988 Nov 1;48(21):5977-83 [2844394] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:277-91 [8243398] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:311-8 [8243400] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:319-45 [8243401] Cancer Res. 1973 Dec;33(12):3239-49 [4796800] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and other drug use. AN - 76017714; 8415514 JF - Preventive medicine AU - Smith, V L AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 598 EP - 603 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0091-7435, 0091-7435 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Health Education -- trends KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Forecasting KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- prevention & control KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Alcoholism -- prevention & control KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76017714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+other+drug+use.&rft.au=Smith%2C+V+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=598&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Preventive+medicine&rft.issn=00917435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic method for determination of sulfamethazine residues in milk: collaborative study. AN - 75952375; 8374322 AB - Seven laboratories participated in a collaborative study of a liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determination of sulfamethazine (SMZ) residues in raw milk that were previously frozen. The milk is extracted with chloroform, the chloroform is evaporated, and the residue is suspended in hexane and extracted with 0.1M KH2PO4 (PDP) solution. The PDP extract is analyzed by LC on a C18 column with methanol-0. 1M PDP (30 + 70) as mobile phase. Individual laboratories were instructed to analyze 5 replicates each of control milk, fortified control milk at 2 levels, and 3 blind samples. Blind samples included raw milk fortified with SMZ at 10 and 20 ppb and 1 sample containing SMZ residue from a dosed cow. For blind fortified samples containing 10 ppb SMZ, average recovery and relative standard deviations for repeatability and reproducibility (RSDr and RSRR) based on the results from 6 of the 7 participating laboratories were 8.21 ppb, 7.16%, and 23.16%, respectively. Similar data, including results from a seventh participant who reported instrumental problems but was not eliminated by the Dixon outlier test, were 9.13 ppb, 8.38%, and 31.94%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the method is suitable for the determination of SMZ residues in milk at 10 ppb and above. The method was adopted first action by AOAC International. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Weber, J D AU - Smedley, M D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, BARC, MD 20705. PY - 1993 SP - 725 EP - 729 VL - 76 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Sulfamethazine KW - 48U51W007F KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Freezing KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Sulfamethazine -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75952375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+method+for+determination+of+sulfamethazine+residues+in+milk%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Weber%2C+J+D%3BSmedley%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=725&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MEDWatch: the new FDA medical products reporting program. AN - 75929496; 8354041 JF - Clinical pharmacy AU - Kessler, D A AD - Food and Drugs, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 529 EP - 532 VL - 12 IS - 7 SN - 0278-2677, 0278-2677 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75929496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+pharmacy&rft.atitle=MEDWatch%3A+the+new+FDA+medical+products+reporting+program.&rft.au=Kessler%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+pharmacy&rft.issn=02782677&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between safety data and biocontainment design in the environmental assessment of fermentation organisms--an FDA perspective. AN - 75908750; 7763893 AB - The Center for Veterinary Medicine requires strain/construct-specific data for recombinant fermentation organisms used in the production of animal drugs and feed additives. Fermentation plant biocontainment schemes are chosen based, in part, upon the ability of the organism to survive and persist in the environment and to transfer genetic information to indigenous organisms. Survival and persistence study methods may include one of the following ecosystems: activated sludge, mammalian gut, soil or river water. Gene transfer protocols can be incorporated into a persistence study. These studies are designed to show that the recombinant construct behaves similarly to the host in a representative ecosystem where the organism could be introduced inadvertently. The studies need to provide repeatable results and reflect current state-of-art design and methods. Data verification is conducted by FDA investigators during Good Laboratory Practice inspections. Biocontainment guidelines, such as those developed by the NIH Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee, set general biocontainment goals for large groupings of recombinant organisms. The FDA, as required under the National Environmental Policy Act, must base its decision making on verifiable scientific data specific to each application. Therefore, in addition to using these guidelines as benchmarks, sponsors are required to submit strain/construct-specific data to support the selection of an appropriate biocontainment level. Once additional well-controlled studies for a variety of constructs are available, broader generalizations as to biocontainment may be drawn. JF - Journal of industrial microbiology AU - Jones, R A AU - Matheson, J C AD - Food and Drug Administration, CVM/HFV-150, Rockville, MD 20855. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 217 EP - 222 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - DNA, Recombinant KW - 0 KW - Biotechnology KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Transfection KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Containment of Biohazards -- standards KW - DNA, Recombinant -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75908750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+industrial+microbiology&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+safety+data+and+biocontainment+design+in+the+environmental+assessment+of+fermentation+organisms--an+FDA+perspective.&rft.au=Jones%2C+R+A%3BMatheson%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+industrial+microbiology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential use of mass media to reach urban intravenous drug users with AIDS prevention messages. AN - 75898119; 8359944 AB - To access the potential of using the mass media to reach urban intravenous drug users (IVDUs) with AIDS prevention messages, we: 1) questioned 353 participants in a Baltimore IVDU cohort study on their media use and sources of AIDS information, 2) analyzed data on Baltimore AIDS public service announcement (PSA) airings during a 3-month period, and 3) discussed with media executives their willingness to air a variety of potential AIDS messages. Forty-seven percent of all respondents reported that they learned the most about AIDS from television. Participants watched television a median of 28 hours/week; 52% of IVDUs listened to ratio > or = 12 hours/week. Eight hundred eleven AIDS television PSAs were aired; 37% of PSAs were placed on news programs; 53% of respondents watched news programs. Acceptability of hypothetical prevention messages (e.g., on sexual abstinence, condom use, or safer drug use practices) varied with media reach (national vs local) and type (television vs radio). We conclude that media could reach IVDUs with AIDS prevention messages. Television could be used to direct IVDUs to local prevention programs and provide safe/safer sex messages. Explicit and detailed AIDS prevention messages would be acceptable to some local radio stations. JF - The International journal of the addictions AU - Jason, J AU - Solomon, L AU - Celentano, D D AU - Vlahov, D AD - Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 837 EP - 851 VL - 28 IS - 9 SN - 0020-773X, 0020-773X KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Condoms KW - Attitude to Health KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Sexual Abstinence KW - Health Behavior KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Mass Media -- utilization KW - Health Education -- methods KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- prevention & control KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75898119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+the+addictions&rft.atitle=Potential+use+of+mass+media+to+reach+urban+intravenous+drug+users+with+AIDS+prevention+messages.&rft.au=Jason%2C+J%3BSolomon%2C+L%3BCelentano%2C+D+D%3BVlahov%2C+D&rft.aulast=Jason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=837&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+the+addictions&rft.issn=0020773X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of tolbutamide on rat embryonic development in vitro. AN - 75891798; 8351647 AB - Tolbutamide (TOLB) is a sulfonylurea used to treat non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and is a suspected teratogen. However, it is not possible to discriminate between potential teratogenic effects of TOLB and malformations produced by either drug-induced hypoglycemia or the diabetic state itself. We examined the direct effect of TOLB on rat embryos cultured in a rodent whole embryo culture system. CD strain rat embryos were cultured for 48 h beginning on day 9 of gestation (plug day = day 0). Tolbutamide was added at various concentrations (90-3,600 microM). At the end of culture, viable embryos were examined for morphological score, number of somite pairs, crown-rump and head lengths, and DNA and protein content. Tolbutamide produced dose-related decreases in all endpoints at concentrations (2,250-3,600 microM) which are two to four times the human therapeutic concentration. Sera from TOLB-treated rats were adjusted to contain equal concentrations of glucose and insulin and then used for embryo culture. Serum from TOLB-treated rats had no observable effect on embryonic development. The mechanism for the embryotoxic effect of TOLB is unknown; however, the drug was previously demonstrated to alter activity of purified yeast glutathione reductase (GR). Because GR may be important for normal embryonic development, the effect of TOLB on this enzyme activity in cultured rat embryos was evaluated. Tolbutamide (2,700 microM) reduced embryonic GR activity by 35-57%. These results indicate that TOLB has a direct embryotoxic effect at levels 2 to 4 times the usual therapeutic serum concentrations on developing rodent embryos which may be mediated by GR inhibition. JF - Teratology AU - Ziegler, M H AU - Grafton, T F AU - Hansen, D K AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 45 EP - 51 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Blood Glucose KW - 0 KW - Insulin KW - Teratogens KW - Tolbutamide KW - 982XCM1FOI KW - Glutathione Reductase KW - EC 1.8.1.7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Culture Techniques KW - Blood Glucose -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Reductase -- metabolism KW - Insulin -- blood KW - Glutathione Reductase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Tolbutamide -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75891798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+tolbutamide+on+rat+embryonic+development+in+vitro.&rft.au=Ziegler%2C+M+H%3BGrafton%2C+T+F%3BHansen%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Ziegler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunotoxicity of cephalosporins in mice. AN - 75830969; 8325130 AB - This study was performed in female B6C3F1 mice to confirm previously observed effects of selected cephalosporin antibiotics on nonspecific immunity, and to determine possible effects on specific acquired immunity and host resistance. Mice were treated intravenously with DQ-2556, ceftizoxime or ceftezole at 800 mg/kg/day for 3, 5, or 7 consecutive days. All three compounds increased total serum IgM levels from day 3, but had no effects on total serum IgG levels and the thymus weight. All three cephalosporin antibiotics caused a slight increase in spleen weight and splenic germinal centers were enlarged after 5- or 7-day treatments. Antibody responses to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (S3), a T-cell-independent immunogen, and sheep red blood cells (SRBC), a T-cell-dependent immunogen, were slightly decreased after 5-day dosings with each compound, and reached significance in DQ-2556 (response to S3) and ceftizoxime (response to S3 and SRBC). None of the tested cephalosporin antibiotics altered delayed-type hypersensitivity to oxazolone or host resistance to Plasmodium yoelii, indicating that the antibiotic-treated mice retained the capacity to mount a multicomponent and sustained protective immune response. These data suggest that although cephalosporins may cause polyclonal expansion of B cells with associated increases in total serum IgM, they do not affect the tested measures of cell-mediated immunity or host resistance. The decreased IgM antibody responses to S3 and SRBC are associated with but not known to be causally related to the concurrent IgM hypergammaglobulinemia. JF - Chemotherapy AU - Furuhama, K AU - Benson, R W AU - Knowles, B J AU - Roberts, D W AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Ark. PY - 1993 SP - 278 EP - 285 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0009-3157, 0009-3157 KW - Cephalosporins KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - Immunotoxins KW - DQ 2556 KW - 102253-70-3 KW - ceftezole KW - 2Z86SYP11W KW - Ceftizoxime KW - C43C467DPE KW - Cefazolin KW - IHS69L0Y4T KW - Index Medicus KW - Spleen -- anatomy & histology KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms KW - Animals KW - Thymus Gland -- anatomy & histology KW - Cefazolin -- pharmacology KW - Immunity, Cellular -- drug effects KW - Cefazolin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Ceftizoxime -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Immunoglobulin M -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Cephalosporins -- pharmacology KW - Immunotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Immunity -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75830969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Immunotoxicity+of+cephalosporins+in+mice.&rft.au=Furuhama%2C+K%3BBenson%2C+R+W%3BKnowles%2C+B+J%3BRoberts%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Furuhama&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00093157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurobehavioral toxicology in the 21st century: a future or a failure? The 1991 Hänninen Lecture. AN - 75829160; 8325257 AB - Toxic substances in the workplace and general environment have been shown to cause adverse health effects in human populations. This has occurred as the result of such factors as industrialization, environmental pollution, and increased reliance on chemicals in agriculture. Effects of toxic substances on the human nervous system have been identified and characterized through use of neurobehavioral methods, essentially over the past 20 years. This paper examines 10 key publications in neurotoxicology and relates them to the future of neurobehavioral toxicology in the next century. The view is expressed that the future of neurobehavioral methods lies in more firmly rooting them in basic mechanisms of neurotoxicity. JF - Environmental research AU - Johnson, B L AD - U.S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 114 EP - 124 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Forecasting KW - Behavior -- drug effects KW - Toxicology -- trends KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75829160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Neurobehavioral+toxicology+in+the+21st+century%3A+a+future+or+a+failure%3F+The+1991+H%C3%A4nninen+Lecture.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=114&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-11 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The genetic toxicology of 5-fluoropyrimidines and 5-chlorouracil. AN - 75805795; 7686272 AB - The halogenated pyrimidines were synthesized in the 1950s as potential anti-tumor agents after the discovery that certain tumors preferentially incorporated uracil rather than thymine into the DNA. The fluorinated derivatives are widely recognized today as effective treatment modalities, especially with tumors of the head, neck and breast. Mechanistically, efficacy of the fluorinated pyrimidines results from the ability of these compounds to incorporate into RNA and inhibit its maturation to those forms necessary for cellular metabolism and from the inhibition of the enzyme, thymidylate synthetase, which controls the biosynthesis of thymine and DNA synthesis. The 5-fluoropyrimidines can incorporate into DNA, but the contribution of this phenomenon to the overall efficacy of this class of chemotherapeutic agents is not totally resolved. Evidence exists that this class of compounds possesses the properties to induce genotoxic effects, both in bacterial and eukaryotic cells. Most notably, these effects include the induction of cellular toxicity and the induction of chromosome aberrations. The biology and chemistry of the chlorinated pyrimidines were first explored as a possible means of sensitizing the DNA to ionizing radiation in a manner similar to the sensitization observed when DNA incorporates bromodeoxyuridine. This approach was not utilized clinically. The genetic toxicology of this compound became important with the discovery of the ribonucleoside in the effluents of sewage treatment plants. Evidence is now available that the chlorinated pyrimidines, upon conversion to deoxyribonucleosides, are effective mutagens, clastogens and toxicants, as well as extremely effective inducers of sister-chromatid exchanges. JF - Mutation research AU - Morris, S M AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 39 EP - 51 VL - 297 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Pyrimidines KW - Uracil KW - 56HH86ZVCT KW - 5-fluoropyrimidine KW - 675-21-8 KW - 5-chlorouracil KW - 7LQ4V03RNY KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Uracil -- analogs & derivatives KW - Pyrimidines -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Uracil -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75805795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=The+genetic+toxicology+of+5-fluoropyrimidines+and+5-chlorouracil.&rft.au=Morris%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=297&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential sensitivity of rat uterine growth and epithelium hypertrophy to estrogens and antiestrogens. AN - 75784821; 8516342 AB - Triphenylethylene antiestrogens are considered weak estrogen agonists based on their limited ability to induce estrogen responses, in particular uterine growth. We compared the uterotrophic activity of naturally occurring and synthetic estrogens with that of antiestrogens by quantitating uterine wet weight and hypertrophy in the uterine luminal and glandular epithelium. Immature rats received five daily injections of either an estrogen (17 beta-estradiol [E2], diethylstilbestrol [DES], or ethynyl estradiol [EE]) or an antiestrogen (tamoxifen [TAM], monohydroxytamoxifen [OH-TAM], or clomiphene citrate [CC]) (0.001-100 micrograms/rat/day) subcutaneously in sesame oil and were sacrificed approximately 2 hr after the last injection. Both DES and EE increased uterine weight at doses between 0.01-100 micrograms/rat/day; E2 was about 10-fold less potent. The antiestrogens increased uterine weight only slightly. DES, EE, and the three antiestrogens each increased luminal epithelium hypertrophy to over 3-fold above that in controls. While the potencies of these synthetic compounds differed (DES = EE > OH-TAM > TAM = CC), each hypertrophic response occurred over two log doses, and the response curves displayed identical slopes. E2, however, required a range of four log doses to achieve the same degree of luminal epithelium hypertrophy. The three antiestrogens elicited glandular epithelium hypertrophy up to 2-fold above controls at the same doses that induced luminal epithelium hypertrophy; the order of potency was OH-TAM > TAM = CC. However, the three estrogens increased glandular epithelium hypertrophy only marginally. Thus, under dosing conditions commonly used to assess uterotrophic activity, these "antiestrogens" are complete, albeit less potent, estrogen agonists in the luminal epithelium and, unlike estrogens, induce hypertrophy in the glandular epithelium. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Branham, W S AU - Zehr, D R AU - Sheehan, D M AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 297 EP - 303 VL - 203 IS - 3 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Estrogens KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - Clomiphene KW - 1HRS458QU2 KW - Ethinyl Estradiol KW - 423D2T571U KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Diethylstilbestrol KW - 731DCA35BT KW - Index Medicus KW - Tamoxifen -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Ethinyl Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Clomiphene -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Hypertrophy KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Diethylstilbestrol -- pharmacology KW - Epithelium -- pathology KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Estrogens -- pharmacology KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- administration & dosage KW - Uterus -- pathology KW - Uterus -- drug effects KW - Estrogens -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75784821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Differential+sensitivity+of+rat+uterine+growth+and+epithelium+hypertrophy+to+estrogens+and+antiestrogens.&rft.au=Branham%2C+W+S%3BZehr%2C+D+R%3BSheehan%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Branham&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=203&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-16 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1992 National Survey of Worksite Health Promotion Activities: summary AN - 57775929; 14533 AB - The survey was conducted to measure the growth of worksite health promotion activities since the first national survey in 1985 and to document progress toward achievement of the worksite objectives in Health People 2000, the Nation's prevention agenda. Notes that substantial progress has been made in worksite policies and activities, reflecting an overall commitment by business, industry, and labor to employee health. (Original abstract-amended) JF - American Journal of Health Promotion AU - US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service AD - US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 452 EP - 464 VL - 7 IS - 6 SN - 0890-1171, 0890-1171 KW - USA KW - National surveys KW - Work site programmes KW - Health promotion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57775929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Health+Promotion&rft.atitle=1992+National+Survey+of+Worksite+Health+Promotion+Activities%3A+summary&rft.au=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services+Public+Health+Service&rft.aulast=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services+Public+Health+Service&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Health+Promotion&rft.issn=08901171&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2001-08-07 N1 - Document feature - il. refs. tables. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - AJHPED N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Health promotion; Work site programmes; National surveys; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for increasing incidence of abnormalities of the human testis: a review. AN - 36362488; 201002-31-0247182 (CE); 11701521 (EN) AB - Recent reports have suggested that the incidence of genitourinary abnormalities in human males has increased during the past 50 years, including congenital abnormalities such as cryptorchidism and hypospadia, which seem to be occurring more commonly. Also, the incidence of testicular cancer has increased 3- to 4-fold since the 1940s. This increase seems to be worldwide including countries with a very high frequency of testicular neoplasia as well as those in which this cancer is rather uncommon. It has also been postulated that semen quality has been decreasing for the last half century. A recent study showed that the average sperm density has decreased significantly from 113 million/mL in 1940 to 66 million/mL in 1990. The mean seminal volume has also declined, indicating that the decrease in the total sperm count is even more pronounced than the fall in sperm density would indicate. The remarkable increase in frequency of testicular abnormalities over a relatively short period of time may be due to environmental rather than genetic factors. There is an epidemiological link between the occurrence of different testicular abnormalities. Therefore, common prenatally acting etiological factors with adverse effects on the fetal male gonad might be suspected. However, postnatal influences may also have a deleterious effect on male fertility. From the reproductive point of view, an increased impact on the human male gonad is of concern. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Giwercman, A AU - Carlsen, E AU - Keiding, N AU - Skakkebaek, N E AD - University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. PY - 1993 SP - 65 EP - 71 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Abnormalities KW - Males KW - Density KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Gonads KW - Cancer KW - Genetics KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36362488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+increasing+incidence+of+abnormalities+of+the+human+testis%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Giwercman%2C+A%3BCarlsen%2C+E%3BKeiding%2C+N%3BSkakkebaek%2C+N+E&rft.aulast=Giwercman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of BALB/c-3T3 cells: III. Development of a co-culture clonal survival assay for quantification of chemical cytotoxicity in high-density cell cultures. AN - 36355199; 201002-31-0247181 (CE); 11701520 (EN) AB - A co-culture clonal survival assay was developed to measure the cytotoxicity of test chemical treatments to BALB/c-3T3 cells because the standard clonal survival assay using 200 wild type (WT) cells frequently overestimates chemical cytotoxicity when compared with identical treatment doses in high-density cultures. The assay used co-cultures of 3.2 x 10(4) WT cells, the same seeding density used in the transformation assay, and 200 ouabain resistant (OUAr) cells. After a 48-hr test chemical treatment, co-cultured cells were fed with culture medium containing 4 mM ouabain. The test chemical was cytotoxic to an equal percentage of WT and OUAr cells. Ouabain treatments killed the remaining WT cells. Thus, OUAr cells surviving the test chemical treatment measured the relative cloning efficiency (RCE) of all treated cells in the high-density cell co-culture. The co-culture assay succeeded because metabolic cooperation at the OUAr locus was not detected in BALB/c-3T3 cells. Five chemicals induced comparable cytotoxic responses in both assays, including actinomycin D, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, N'-methyl-N-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine, dimethyl sulfoxide and sodium chloride. In contrast, chemical cytotoxic responses detected in the standard and co-culture assays differed by > or = 10-fold for 11-aminoundecanoic acid, benzo[a]pyrene, cytosine arabinoside, and 3-methyl-cholanthrene and differed by > 2-fold for 2-acetylaminofluorene and dimethylnitrosamine. Detection of 11-aminoundecanoic acid-induced transformation was shown to be dependent on selecting treatment doses from the co-culture assay data. Thus, this method permits more accurate assessment of both chemical-induced cytotoxicity and transformation. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Matthews, E J AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 311 EP - 318 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Assaying KW - Transformations KW - Culture KW - Survival KW - Standards KW - Density KW - Nucleation KW - Dimethyl sulfoxide KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36355199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+BALB%2Fc-3T3+cells%3A+III.+Development+of+a+co-culture+clonal+survival+assay+for+quantification+of+chemical+cytotoxicity+in+high-density+cell+cultures.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protecting reproductive health and the environment: toxics use reduction. AN - 36338590; 201002-31-0247185 (CE); 11701524 (EN) AB - Toxics use reduction is a new chemical hazard management approach that has emerged in several state laws over the past years. While toxics use reduction has been promoted as a means of preventing environmental pollution, little thought has been given to its adoption as a means of managing reproductive hazards. This paper provides illustrations of use reduction approaches to conventionally recognized reproductive and developmental toxicants. These approaches will require the opening of a new dialogue between industrial designers and process managers and those most concerned about reproductive health. Several different strategies are proposed that might be adopted into state programs for promoting reduction in the use of reproductive and developmental toxicants. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Geiser, K AD - Toxics Use Reduction Institute, University of Massachusetts, Lowell 01854. PY - 1993 SP - 221 EP - 225 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Reduction KW - Toxicology KW - Health KW - Toxic KW - Hazards KW - Strategy KW - Pollution abatement KW - Management KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36338590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Protecting+reproductive+health+and+the+environment%3A+toxics+use+reduction.&rft.au=Geiser%2C+K&rft.aulast=Geiser&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of the environment on reproductive health: executive summary. AN - 36321975; 201002-31-0247183 (CE); 11701522 (EN) AB - The papers presented at the workshop on the "Impact of the Environment on Reproductive Health" are published in this issue of the EHP Supplements. After the formal presentation of the papers, the authors and scientists met to discuss the important aspects of environmental issues affecting human reproductive health. This Executive Summary was compiled by the organizers and editors of the workshop and the proceedings. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Michal, F AU - Grigor, K M AU - Negro-Vilar, A AU - Skakkebaek, N E AD - Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. PY - 1993 SP - 159 EP - 167 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Health KW - Workshops KW - Summaries KW - Environmental impact KW - Editors KW - Human KW - Scientists KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36321975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Impact+of+the+environment+on+reproductive+health%3A+executive+summary.&rft.au=Michal%2C+F%3BGrigor%2C+K+M%3BNegro-Vilar%2C+A%3BSkakkebaek%2C+N+E&rft.aulast=Michal&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of BALB/c-3T3 cells: V. Transformation responses of 168 chemicals compared with mutagenicity in Salmonella and carcinogenicity in rodent bioassays. AN - 21259870; 11703166 AB - This report describes the activities of 168 chemicals tested in a standard transformation assay using A-31-1-13 BALB/c-3T3 cells. The data set includes 84 carcinogens, 77 noncarcinogens, and 7 research chemicals. Carcinogens included 49 mutagens and 35 nonmutagens; noncarcinogens included 24 mutagens and 53 nonmutagens. The transformation assay did not use an exogenous activation system, thus, all chemical responses depended on the inherent target cell metabolic capacity where metabolic activation was required. The upper dose limit was 100 milli-osmolar because the assay could not discriminate active and inactive chemicals tested above this concentration. Certain physicochemical properties resulted in technical problems that affected chemical biological activity. For example, chemicals that reacted with plastic were usually nonmutagenic carcinogens. Similarly, chemicals that were insoluble in medium, or bound metals, were usually nonmutagenic and nontransforming. Multifactorial data analyses revealed that the transformation assay discriminated between nonmutagenic carcinogens and noncarcinogens; it detected 64% of the carcinogens and only 26% of the noncarcinogens. In contrast, the transformation assay detected most mutagenic chemicals, including 94% of the mutagenic carcinogens and 70% of the mutagenic noncarcinogens. Thus, transformation or Salmonella typuimurium mutagenicity assays could not discriminate mutagenic carcinogens from mutagenic noncarcinogens. Data analyses also revealed that mutagenic chemicals were more cytotoxic than nonmutagenic chemicals; 88% of the mutagens had an LD50 & 5 mM, whereas half of the nonmutagens had an LD50 > 5 mM. Binary data analyses of the same data set revealed that the transformation assay and rodent bioassay had a concordance of 71%, a sensitivity for carcinogens of 80.0%, and a specificity for detecting noncarcinogens of 60%. In contrast, Salmonella mutagenicity assays and rodent bioassays had a concordance of 63%, a sensitivity of 58%, and a specificity of 69%. The transformation assay complemented the Salmonella mutagenesis assay in the identification of nonmutagenic carcinogens; thus, the two assays had a combined 83% sensitivity for all carcinogens and a 75% specificity for nonmutagenic noncarcinogens. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Matthews, E J AU - Spalding, J W AU - Tennant, R W AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - Jul 1993 SP - 347 EP - 482 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 101 IS - Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Transformation KW - Sensitivity KW - Mutagens KW - Metals KW - Mutagenicity KW - Data processing KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Carcinogens KW - Mutagenesis KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Bioassays KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Metabolic activation KW - Plastics KW - Salmonella KW - rodents KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+BALB%2Fc-3T3+cells%3A+V.+Transformation+responses+of+168+chemicals+compared+with+mutagenicity+in+Salmonella+and+carcinogenicity+in+rodent+bioassays.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+E+J%3BSpalding%2C+J+W%3BTennant%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transformation; Metals; Mutagens; Cytotoxicity; Mutagenicity; Data processing; Carcinogenicity; Physicochemical properties; Metabolic activation; Plastics; Carcinogens; Mutagenesis; Chemicals; Sensitivity; Bioassays; rodents; Salmonella ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated blood lead levels associated with illegally distilled alcohol. AN - 75788129; 8512441 AB - Whiskey produced in illegal stills (ie, "moonshine") remains an important and underappreciated source of lead toxicity in some rural counties of the Southeast. From March 5 through October 26, 1991, eight adult patients with elevated blood lead levels were identified at a rural county hospital in Alabama and were reported to the Alabama Department of Public Health notifiable disease surveillance system. A case-patient was defined as any person 17 years of age or more who presented to the hospital from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 1991, and had a blood lead level of 0.72 mumol/L or more (15 micrograms/dL or more). To identify cases and potential sources of lead exposure, we reviewed medical and laboratory records from the hospital, interviewed patients with elevated blood lead levels, and determined the lead content of moonshine samples. Nine patients met the case definition, including one patient who was not reported to the state. Patients ranged in age from 28 to 62 years; blood lead values ranged from 0.77 to 12.50 mumol/L (16 to 259 micrograms/dL). The most frequent signs of possible lead toxicity included seizures (six), microcytic anemia (five), and encephalopathy (two); one patient died. The only identified source of lead exposure for the nine patients was moonshine ingestion. Moonshine samples available from local stills contained sufficient amounts of lead (340 to 4600 mumol/L) to result in the observed blood lead levels. This investigation emphasizes the adverse health effects and ongoing public health impact of moonshine ingestion. JF - Archives of internal medicine AU - Pegues, D A AU - Hughes, B J AU - Woernle, C H AD - Division of Field Epidemiology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Ga. Y1 - 1993/06/28/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jun 28 SP - 1501 EP - 1504 VL - 153 IS - 12 SN - 0003-9926, 0003-9926 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Food Contamination KW - Alcoholic Beverages -- adverse effects KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75788129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=Elevated+blood+lead+levels+associated+with+illegally+distilled+alcohol.&rft.au=Pegues%2C+D+A%3BHughes%2C+B+J%3BWoernle%2C+C+H&rft.aulast=Pegues&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-06-28&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=00039926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-14 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Arch Intern Med. 1994 Feb 14;154(3):348, 351 [8297205] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antiviral activity of a synthetic double-stranded polyribonucleotide interferon inducer in a murine AIDS retrovirus model. Role of augmentation of natural killer cell activity and synergy with oral AZT. AN - 75934336; 8363255 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Black, P L AU - McKinnon, K M AU - Wooden, S L AU - Ussery, M A AD - Division of Antiviral Drug Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1993/06/23/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jun 23 SP - 467 EP - 470 VL - 685 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic KW - 0 KW - Antiviral Agents KW - Immunologic Factors KW - Interferon Inducers KW - Poly I-C KW - 24939-03-5 KW - Polylysine KW - 25104-18-1 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - poly ICLC KW - 59789-29-6 KW - Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium KW - K679OBS311 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Interferon Inducers -- pharmacology KW - Rauscher Virus -- drug effects KW - Antiviral Agents -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Drug Synergism KW - Polylysine -- pharmacology KW - Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- immunology KW - Zidovudine -- pharmacology KW - Immunologic Factors -- pharmacology KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- pharmacology KW - Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium -- pharmacology KW - Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- microbiology KW - Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- drug therapy KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- immunology KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- drug effects KW - Poly I-C -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75934336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Antiviral+activity+of+a+synthetic+double-stranded+polyribonucleotide+interferon+inducer+in+a+murine+AIDS+retrovirus+model.+Role+of+augmentation+of+natural+killer+cell+activity+and+synergy+with+oral+AZT.&rft.au=Black%2C+P+L%3BMcKinnon%2C+K+M%3BWooden%2C+S+L%3BUssery%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-06-23&rft.volume=685&rft.issue=&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions of flavonoids, trace metals, and oxygen: nuclear DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by myricetin. AN - 75850976; 8330305 AB - The extent of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by myricetin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, were studied in isolated rat liver nuclei under aerobic conditions. Myricetin induced significant (P < 0.05) concentration-dependent nuclear DNA degradation concurrent with lipid peroxidation; these effects were enhanced by iron (III) or copper (II). Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), mannitol and sodium azide did not inhibit myricetin-induced nuclear DNA damage in the presence of iron (III) or copper (II). However, all of these antioxidants stimulated myricetin-induced DNA damage in the presence of copper (II). Lipid peroxidation induced by myricetin was significantly inhibited only by SOD in the presence of copper (II), whereas it was enhanced by catalase and sodium azide in the presence of iron (III). These results demonstrate the pro-oxidant properties of polyphenolic flavonoids, which are generally considered to be antioxidants and anticarcinogens, and suggest a dual role for these flavonoids in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. JF - Cancer letters AU - Sahu, S C AU - Gray, G C AD - Division of Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1993/06/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jun 15 SP - 73 EP - 79 VL - 70 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Azides KW - 0 KW - Flavonoids KW - Mannitol KW - 3OWL53L36A KW - myricetin KW - 76XC01FTOJ KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Sodium Azide KW - 968JJ8C9DV KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Iron -- pharmacology KW - Copper -- pharmacology KW - Catalase -- pharmacology KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- pharmacology KW - Azides -- pharmacology KW - Mannitol -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - DNA Damage KW - Flavonoids -- adverse effects KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75850976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+flavonoids%2C+trace+metals%2C+and+oxygen%3A+nuclear+DNA+damage+and+lipid+peroxidation+induced+by+myricetin.&rft.au=Sahu%2C+S+C%3BGray%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Sahu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-06-15&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introducing MEDWatch. A new approach to reporting medication and device adverse effects and product problems. AN - 75726368; 8492403 JF - JAMA AU - Kessler, D A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/06/02/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jun 02 SP - 2765 EP - 2768 VL - 269 IS - 21 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Quality Control KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- methods KW - Physician's Role UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75726368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Introducing+MEDWatch.+A+new+approach+to+reporting+medication+and+device+adverse+effects+and+product+problems.&rft.au=Kessler%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-06-02&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=2765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 1994 Aug 24-31;272(8):590-1 [8057507] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pneumoconiosis: comparison of digitized and conventional radiographs. AN - 85257194; pmid-8497632 AB - The classification of pneumoconiosis on 108 paired radiographs obtained in coal miners was compared by using conventional radiograph film images and digitized images of those conventional film images. Conventional film images and digitized images were each independently read in a random order in two separate sessions by three radiologists certified as "B" readers. Overall, the digitized images were perceived as being of better quality than the conventional film images (radiograph quality grade 1, 48% [617 of 1,292 classifications] vs 37% [482 of 1,296], respectively; P < .001). The mean International Labour Office (ILO) scores for small-opacity profusion were similar between the digitized images and conventional film images (3.14 vs 3.24, respectively; P = .19). The mean absolute differences in small-opacity profusion score between radiograph pairs were also similar (0.74 vs 0.77, respectively; P = .50). No difference in the ILO type of opacity was noted between the display modes. Interpretation of digitized images for pneumoconiotic small opacities was shown to be an acceptable alternative to interpretation of conventional film images; the important problem of reader variability affects both display modes. JF - Radiology AU - Mannino, D M AU - Kennedy, R D AU - Hodous, T K AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. PY - 1993 SP - 791 EP - 796 VL - 187 IS - 3 SN - 0033-8419, 0033-8419 KW - Comparative Study KW - Lung KW - Human KW - Pneumoconiosis KW - Observer Variation KW - Radiographic Image Enhancement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85257194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiology&rft.atitle=Pneumoconiosis%3A+comparison+of+digitized+and+conventional+radiographs.&rft.au=Mannino%2C+D+M%3BKennedy%2C+R+D%3BHodous%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Mannino&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=791&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiology&rft.issn=00338419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved specificity of testing methods for filovirus antibodies. AN - 75922581; 8360317 AB - An epizootic among monkeys imported into the United States created an immediate need for detection of antibodies to filoviruses. Thousands of samples were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for testing. Problems of sensitivity and specificity existed in the methods available for these assays. The experiments described in this report resulted in improved methods for the detection of antibodies to filoviruses, both for indirect fluorescent antibody assays (IFA) by standardizing methods and the Western blot (WB) by minimizing antigen load and by incorporating skim milk in diluents. JF - Journal of virological methods AU - Elliott, L H AU - Bauer, S P AU - Perez-Oronoz, G AU - Lloyd, E S AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 85 EP - 89 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Philippines KW - Milk KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Indonesia KW - Mass Screening -- veterinary KW - Single-Blind Method KW - Democratic Republic of the Congo KW - Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay KW - Virus Diseases -- immunology KW - Macaca fascicularis -- microbiology KW - Blotting, Western -- methods KW - Filoviridae -- immunology KW - Macaca fascicularis -- immunology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Monkey Diseases -- microbiology KW - Virus Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Antibodies, Viral -- blood KW - Monkey Diseases -- immunology KW - Virus Diseases -- veterinary KW - Monkey Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Monkey Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Virus Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Virus Diseases -- microbiology KW - Filoviridae -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75922581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virological+methods&rft.atitle=Improved+specificity+of+testing+methods+for+filovirus+antibodies.&rft.au=Elliott%2C+L+H%3BBauer%2C+S+P%3BPerez-Oronoz%2C+G%3BLloyd%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virological+methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring male reproductive hormones for occupational field studies. AN - 75841605; 8331437 AB - As part of our longitudinal study of unexposed workers, we drew blood samples and analyzed the individual endocrine profiles for 45 men. The blood collection was between 8 AM and 8 PM, and three blood samples were drawn 20 minutes apart on three occasions during the course of the study (June, October, and February). Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and prolactin were determined. A component of variance model was used to estimate variability between the 20-minute blood draws. Statistical power analysis using this component showed that three blood draws provide a marginal improvement over a single blood draw in detecting population shifts. Also, if the prospect of three blood draws reduces subject participation by 10 to 20%, the increase in power would be negated. JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Schrader, S M AU - Turner, T W AU - Breitenstein, M J AU - Simon, S D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 574 EP - 576 VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones KW - 0 KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - Luteinizing Hormone KW - 9002-67-9 KW - Follicle Stimulating Hormone KW - 9002-68-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Prolactin -- blood KW - Microcomputers KW - Humans KW - Testosterone -- blood KW - Adult KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Luteinizing Hormone -- blood KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Follicle Stimulating Hormone -- blood KW - Infertility, Male -- blood KW - Occupational Diseases -- blood KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75841605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Measuring+male+reproductive+hormones+for+occupational+field+studies.&rft.au=Schrader%2C+S+M%3BTurner%2C+T+W%3BBreitenstein%2C+M+J%3BSimon%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Schrader&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=574&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-16 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MEDWatch: the new FDA medical products reporting program. AN - 75805375; 8517452 JF - American journal of hospital pharmacy AU - Kessler, D A AD - Food and Drugs, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1151 EP - 1152 VL - 50 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9289, 0002-9289 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- methods KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75805375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+hospital+pharmacy&rft.atitle=MEDWatch%3A+the+new+FDA+medical+products+reporting+program.&rft.au=Kessler%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+hospital+pharmacy&rft.issn=00029289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethynylestradiol protection against methyl insufficiency in castrated male Wistar/Furth rats fed a methionine-choline-deficient diet. AN - 75795644; 8508512 AB - The interactive effects of dietary methyl insufficiency and the estrogenic compound ethynylestradiol (EE) on the levels of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) were examined in the liver, lungs and pancreas of rats. In addition, such effects on the hepatic content of 5-methyl-deoxycytidine (5-MC) in nuclear DNA were determined. Castrated male Wistar/Furth rats were fed various levels of EE in either: (i) a complete, amino acid-defined diet (diet 1); (ii) the same diet lacking in choline and methionine and supplemented with 0.9% of DL-homocystine (equimolar to methionine) (diet 2); or (iii) diet 2 but only with 0.3% DL-homocystine (diet 2M). Methyl deficiency and EE each independently produced decreased weight gains and increased relative liver weights (liver weight relative to total body weight) compared with control animals. Livers from rats fed diets 2 and 2M without EE had lower levels of SAM and lower SAM:SAH ratios than did the livers from diet 1-fed rats not treated with EE. Hepatic SAM:SAH ratios in diet 1-fed rats were not altered by EE treatment. However, EE treatment increased the hepatic contents of SAM and restored the SAM:SAH levels to normal in rats fed diet 2 or 2M. The levels of SAM + SAH in the livers of rats fed the low homocystine diet (diet 2M) were less than in those fed either diet 1 or diet 2. Thus, the addition of EE at 10 p.p.m. gave protection against reduced levels of SAM, and reduced SAM:SAH ratios in the liver, but had little effect when added to the methyl-adequate diet. No differences in hepatic 5-MC levels were observed in any of the groups as a result of either methyl deficiency or EE treatment. Methyl deprivation alone caused no discernible difference in pancreatic SAM levels but did result in a significant rise in SAH levels and thus in decreased SAM:SAH ratios. EE had no consistent effect on pancreatic SAM, SAH or SAM:SAH ratios in any of the diet groups examined. Similarly, the chronic feeding of diet 2, diet 2M or of EE had no significant effect on the SAM contents of lungs, compared with the corresponding levels in control rats. The protection conferred by EE against SAM insufficiency in the livers of rats fed a methionine- and choline-deficient diet is consistent with the relative insensitivity of female rats to the hepatotoxicity of dietary methyl insufficiency. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Fullerton, F R AU - Greenman, D L AU - Blaydes, B S AU - Poirier, L A AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1237 EP - 1240 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Ethinyl Estradiol KW - 423D2T571U KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - 7LP2MPO46S KW - S-Adenosylhomocysteine KW - 979-92-0 KW - Methionine KW - AE28F7PNPL KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - S-Adenosylhomocysteine -- metabolism KW - Rats, Inbred WF KW - Pancreas -- metabolism KW - S-Adenosylmethionine -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Organ Size KW - Male KW - Castration KW - Methionine -- deficiency KW - Ethinyl Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Choline Deficiency -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75795644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Ethynylestradiol+protection+against+methyl+insufficiency+in+castrated+male+Wistar%2FFurth+rats+fed+a+methionine-choline-deficient+diet.&rft.au=Fullerton%2C+F+R%3BGreenman%2C+D+L%3BBlaydes%2C+B+S%3BPoirier%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Fullerton&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-12 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dendritic cells in the hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with doxorubicin with or without ICRF-187. AN - 75772157; 8506959 AB - Histological and immunohistochemical studies using specific monoclonal antibodies were made to evaluate the severity of the chronic cardiomyopathy and the quantitative changes in interstitial dendritic cells (antigen-presenting cells), T helper lymphocytes, T cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes, and macrophages in the hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) treated with doxorubicin at 1 mg/kg per week for 3, 6, 9 or 12 weeks. In addition, an assessment was made of the modifications of the responses of these cell populations by pretreatment of the SHR with ICRF-187, which protects against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. The number of interstitial dendritic cells/mm2 of section of left ventricle was similar in saline-treated control SHRs (76 +/- 6) and in those treated with ICRF-187 alone (75 +/- 2) but increased markedly (319 +/- 33) in animals receiving a total cumulative dose of 12 mg/kg doxorubicin. Treatment with ICRF-187 prior to each administration of doxorubicin attenuated in a dose-dependent manner the increase in numbers of dendritic cells induced by doxorubicin (231 +/- 47, 174 +/- 11, and 100 +/- 16 cells/mm2) after treatment with 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg of ICRF-187, respectively. Doxorubicin also induced increases in the numbers of T helper lymphocytes and macrophages but not of T cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes. These increases were also attenuated by pretreatment with ICRF-187. These data were interpreted as indicating that doxorubicin cardiotoxicity results in the release of substances that initiate immune reactions involving the antigen-presenting cells of the heart and that such reactions are attenuated by pretreatment with ICRF-187. JF - The American journal of pathology AU - Zhang, J AU - Herman, E H AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Division of Research and Testing, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1916 EP - 1926 VL - 142 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9440, 0002-9440 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Razoxane KW - 5AR83PR647 KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Heart Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Heart Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Antigen-Presenting Cells -- pathology KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes -- pathology KW - Macrophages -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Macrophages -- pathology KW - Incidence KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Heart Diseases -- pathology KW - Razoxane -- therapeutic use KW - Dendritic Cells -- pathology KW - Doxorubicin -- adverse effects KW - Razoxane -- administration & dosage KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - Rats, Inbred SHR -- anatomy & histology KW - Dendritic Cells -- drug effects KW - Doxorubicin -- therapeutic use KW - Doxorubicin -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75772157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+pathology&rft.atitle=Dendritic+cells+in+the+hearts+of+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats+treated+with+doxorubicin+with+or+without+ICRF-187.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+J%3BHerman%2C+E+H%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1916&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+pathology&rft.issn=00029440&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Exp Med. 1978 Sep 1;148(3):664-73 [29936] J Clin Oncol. 1992 Jan;10(1):117-27 [1727913] Eur J Immunol. 1979 Jun;9(6):426-33 [315315] Eur J Immunol. 1980 Aug;10(8):609-15 [6967416] Cancer Res. 1981 Sep;41(9 Pt 1):3436-40 [6790165] J Exp Med. 1981 Aug 1;154(2):347-61 [6943285] Cancer Res. 1981 Oct;41(10):3852-6 [7284993] Biochemistry. 1982 Apr 13;21(8):1707-12 [6805506] Br J Cancer. 1982 Oct;46(4):662-7 [6814473] J Exp Med. 1982 Dec 1;156(6):1780-93 [6816896] Lab Invest. 1983 Jul;49(1):69-77 [6408310] Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1983;15(3):188-93 [6193867] Cancer Res. 1984 Jun;44(6):2497-504 [6426781] Transplantation. 1984 Aug;38(2):169-74 [6380042] Cancer Res. 1985 Jan;45(1):276-81 [3917371] Immunology. 1985 Mar;54(3):589-99 [3882559] J Exp Med. 1985 Nov 1;162(5):1546-60 [2932518] Cancer Res. 1986 Jan;46(1):54-60 [3484381] Cancer Res. 1986 Aug;46(8):4213-6 [3488123] Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1987;25(3):245-9 [2445487] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1988 Jan;92(1):42-53 [3124293] N Engl J Med. 1988 Sep 22;319(12):745-52 [3137469] Cancer Res. 1988 Dec 1;48(23):6918-25 [3141049] Int J Cancer. 1988 Nov 15;42(5):798-802 [3182109] Int J Immunopharmacol. 1988;10(3):317-23 [3263335] Agents Actions. 1989 Mar;26(3-4):378-85 [2544086] J Clin Lab Immunol. 1989 Jul;29(3):141-5 [2517429] J Exp Med. 1990 Jun 1;171(6):1841-51 [2191072] Am J Pathol. 1990 Aug;137(2):449-56 [2143629] Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1991;33(4):274-7 [1711927] Anticancer Res. 1991 May-Jun;11(3):1245-52 [1832272] J Immunol. 1979 Jul;123(1):342-9 [87477] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishing jurisdiction through forensic parasitology. AN - 75761308; 8501610 JF - The Journal of parasitology AU - Adams, A A AD - Seafood Products Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, Washington 98041-3012. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 459 EP - 460 VL - 79 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Seawater KW - Humans KW - Shellfish -- parasitology KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Food Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Nematoda -- classification KW - Food Parasitology -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Forensic Medicine -- methods KW - Nematoda -- isolation & purification KW - Fishes -- parasitology KW - Legislation, Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75761308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.atitle=Establishing+jurisdiction+through+forensic+parasitology.&rft.au=Adams%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shellfish-borne illnesses. AN - 75747827; 8498290 JF - American family physician AU - Rheinstein, P H AU - Klontz, K C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1837 EP - 1840 VL - 47 IS - 8 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Virus Diseases -- transmission KW - Neurotoxins -- poisoning KW - Humans KW - Bacterial Infections -- transmission KW - Shellfish -- microbiology KW - Shellfish Poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75747827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+family+physician&rft.atitle=Shellfish-borne+illnesses.&rft.au=Rheinstein%2C+P+H%3BKlontz%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Rheinstein&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1837&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+family+physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal and nonfatal hepatotoxicity associated with flutamide. AN - 75727631; 7683180 AB - To identify and describe patients with hepatotoxicity possibly caused by flutamide, an antiandrogen drug. Case series of reports, submitted to the Adverse Drug Event Reporting System of the Food and Drug Administration. Outpatient clinics and physicians' offices in the United States. Nineteen patients treated with flutamide for prostate cancer or benign prostatic hypertrophy (for Investigation of a New Drug or off-label use). Evidence of increased liver enzyme levels, hyperbilirubinemia, associated clinical symptoms, and diagnoses of cholestatic hepatitis. Autopsy reports were used when available. From the time of marketing of flutamide in February 1989 through March 1991, the Food and Drug Administration received reports of 19 patients in the United States who developed serious hepatotoxicity while using flutamide. Fourteen patients had resolution of abnormal liver function test results after discontinuing or decreasing the dose of flutamide, but five patients died of progressive liver disease. Autopsy reports from three patients and abnormal pathologic results from three other patients (reported to the Food and Drug Administration or in the medical literature) showed hepatocellular necrosis and possibly cholestasis. Thorough work-ups excluded other possible causes than flutamide. Flutamide appears to cause hepatotoxic effects in certain patients. Physicians should tell patients to immediately report to physicians nausea, vomiting, fatigue, jaundice, and other signs and symptoms of liver injury. JF - Annals of internal medicine AU - Wysowski, D K AU - Freiman, J P AU - Tourtelot, J B AU - Horton, M L AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/06/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jun 01 SP - 860 EP - 864 VL - 118 IS - 11 SN - 0003-4819, 0003-4819 KW - Flutamide KW - 76W6J0943E KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Liver Diseases -- mortality KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Liver Function Tests KW - Prostatic Hyperplasia -- drug therapy KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Liver Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Middle Aged KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- therapeutic use KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Flutamide -- therapeutic use KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Flutamide -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75727631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=Fatal+and+nonfatal+hepatotoxicity+associated+with+flutamide.&rft.au=Wysowski%2C+D+K%3BFreiman%2C+J+P%3BTourtelot%2C+J+B%3BHorton%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Wysowski&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=860&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=00034819&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-27 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Ann Intern Med. 1993 Dec 1;119(11):1150 [8110241] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - School-Based Clinics That Work. AN - 62867386; ED359189 AB - This paper describes a small set of successful school-based clinics (SBCs) that provide primary health care services for the underserved and identifies factors contributing to their success. Six sites were selected on the basis of three general criteria: (1) direct involvement between the SBC and a federally-funded community health center (CHC); (2) wide geographic distribution with urban/rural representation; and (3) a demonstrated measure of success in terms of substantial student enrollment. A visit was made to each clinic and interviews were conducted with the clinic director, key staff, a CHC manager, and student-users of the clinic. Based on the data collected, a case study was written for each site, providing information on the following SBC topics: geographic characteristics; characteristics of the student population; brief history and mission; management and staffing; space and facilities; outreach and marketing efforts; services offered; costs and financing; impact of services; ongoing concerns and problems; and keys to success. (Contains 28 exhibits and 26 references.) (LL) Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 115 KW - School Based Clinics KW - Site Visits KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Aid KW - Case Studies KW - Student Participation KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Primary Health Care KW - Success KW - Health Promotion KW - Public Health KW - Student Attitudes KW - Disadvantaged Youth KW - Performance Factors KW - Medical Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62867386?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - One Voice, One Vision--Recommendations to the Surgeon General To Improve Hispanic/Latino Health. AN - 62627188; ED387555 AB - The Hispanic/Latino Health Initiative of the Surgeon General's Office was created under Surgeon General Antonia Coello Novello to develop a plan to address barriers to quality health care and services. This report documents the activities and findings of the Initiative. It describes the status of Hispanic/Latino health in five regions of the United States, defines the challenges and priority issues encompassing the greatest disparities and barriers, and lists the recommendations related to Hispanic/Latino health priorities. Events occurring during the Initiative are reviewed, emphasizing the National Workshop in September 1992. Following an introductory chapter, Chapter 2 presents the Surgeon General's charge to Workshop participants. Chapter 3 summarizes the five background papers commissioned for the Workshop. Chapter 4 summarizes implementation strategies developed at the Workshop, and chapter 5 presents those strategies. Chapter 6 presents the Surgeon General's closing remarks, and chapter 7 summarizes the regional health meetings and their recommended strategies. Chapter 8 presents the summary recommendations developed at the April 1993 Executive Planning Committee Meeting. Appendix A lists workshop participants, and appendix B contains the Workshop agenda. Appendixes C, D, and E present supplemental information about Initiative participants and their remarks. (SLD) Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 198 KW - Latinos KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Workshops KW - Low Income Groups KW - Health Services KW - Health Needs KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Program Implementation KW - Poverty KW - Needs Assessment KW - Strategic Planning KW - Agenda Setting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62627188?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Beat the Smokeless Habit. Game Plan for Success. Third Edition. AN - 62554687; ED405298 AB - This guide was originally designed for professional baseball players but it is now distributed to college athletes. The facts and strategies apply to any athlete in any sport. Use of smokeless tobacco or snuff greatly increases the risk of developing oral cancer and other serious medical conditions. The first part of this guide explains the health risks and gives facts about the use of smokeless tobacco. It includes a self-test to determine addiction to tobacco. The second section offers a "9-Inning Game Plan" for kicking the habit permanently. The "innings" include: (1) Decide to Quit; (2) Pick a Quit Date; (3) Cut Back before You Quit; (4) Right Before Your Quit Day; (5) Quit Day; (6) Your First Week Off Smokeless; (7) Your Second Week Off and Dealing with Triggers; (8) Going the Distance; and (9) Celebrate Your Success. Sections are illustrated with photographs of popular sports figures and include motivational quotations. (JLS) Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 21 KW - Chewing Tobacco KW - Smokeless Tobacco KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Students KW - Instructional Materials KW - Prevention KW - Colleges KW - Health Materials KW - College Students KW - Higher Education KW - Baseball KW - Pamphlets KW - Health Education KW - Health Promotion KW - Athletes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62554687?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the receptor-binding domain of tetanus toxin. AN - 75736645; 8388386 AB - The carboxyl-terminal half of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin (Hc) contains the domain required for binding to purified gangliosides and neuronal cells. The structural requirements for the interaction of Hc with receptor were studied by generating mutants of Hc with deletions at either the carboxyl or amino terminus and characterizing their binding. A deletion of 10 or more amino acids from the carboxyl terminus resulted in a major loss of Hc binding to purified gangliosides and spinal cord neuronal cells, whereas a deletion of the carboxyl-terminal 5 amino acids did not affect binding. The removal of up to 263 amino acids from the amino terminus did not inhibit binding. Each of the truncated proteins was much more sensitive to trypsin than was full-length Hc, suggesting an alteration in conformation. The receptor binding activity of Hc was not retained in a peptide corresponding to the carboxyl-terminal 20 amino acids. These data suggest that the carboxyl-terminal region of Hc is important for maintaining a conformation necessary for binding to receptor. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Halpern, J L AU - Loftus, A AD - Division of Bacterial Products, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/05/25/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 May 25 SP - 11188 EP - 11192 VL - 268 IS - 15 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Gangliosides KW - Macromolecular Substances KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides KW - Peptides KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Cholinergic KW - Receptors, Neurotransmitter KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Tetanus Toxin KW - tetanus toxin receptor KW - Index Medicus KW - Peptides -- chemical synthesis KW - Fetus KW - Animals KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Genes, Synthetic KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Reticulocytes -- metabolism KW - Immunoassay KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Clostridium tetani -- genetics KW - Peptides -- immunology KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mice KW - Rabbits KW - Binding Sites KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Ganglia, Spinal -- metabolism KW - Gangliosides -- metabolism KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Neurotransmitter -- metabolism KW - Tetanus Toxin -- metabolism KW - Tetanus Toxin -- genetics KW - Receptors, Cholinergic -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75736645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+receptor-binding+domain+of+tetanus+toxin.&rft.au=Halpern%2C+J+L%3BLoftus%2C+A&rft.aulast=Halpern&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-05-25&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=11188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current FDA policy on use of human-labeled drugs in animals. AN - 75800009; 8514570 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Teske, R H AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Rockville, MD 20855. Y1 - 1993/05/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 May 15 SP - 1632 EP - 3;discussion 1634 VL - 202 IS - 10 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Drug Residues KW - Drug Utilization -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Legislation, Veterinary KW - Animals, Domestic KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Legislation, Drug UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75800009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Current+FDA+policy+on+use+of+human-labeled+drugs+in+animals.&rft.au=Teske%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Teske&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-05-15&rft.volume=202&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1632&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications for the FDA/Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM). AN - 75795527; 8514592 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Geyer, R E AD - Office of Surveillance and Compliance, FDA/CVM, Rockville, MD 20855. Y1 - 1993/05/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 May 15 SP - 1718 EP - 1723 VL - 202 IS - 10 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Drug Residues KW - Drug Compounding -- veterinary KW - Legislation, Veterinary KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Veterinary Medicine KW - Legislation, Drug UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75795527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Implications+for+the+FDA%2FCenter+for+Veterinary+Medicine+%28CVM%29.&rft.au=Geyer%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Geyer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-05-15&rft.volume=202&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1718&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard assessment of lead. AN - 75911514; 8359314 AB - Exposure to lead (Pb) continues to be a source of concern for the US Food and Drug Administration and other United States federal regulatory agencies. Blood lead levels as low as 10 micrograms/dl have been associated with impaired neurobehavioural and cognitive development and electrophysiological deficits in children and reduced gestational age and birth weight in infants. Blood lead levels of 10 micrograms Pb/dl are also of concern in pregnant women because of exposure to the fetus. Blood lead levels of 30 micrograms Pb/dl have been associated with elevated blood pressure and other adverse effects in adults. Thus, the values of 10 and 30 micrograms Pb/dl represent lowest-observed-effects levels for developing and adult populations, respectively. The ingestion levels that result in these blood levels of concern were estimated to be 60 micrograms Pb/day for children ages 6 years or younger, 150 micrograms Pb/day for children aged 7 years or older, 250 micrograms Pb/day for pregnant women and 750 micrograms Pb/day for adults. Provisional total tolerable intake levels for lead were derived from these blood lead levels for each group by applying the Renwick approach to obtain a tolerable exposure level. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Carrington, C D AU - Sheehan, D M AU - Bolger, P M AD - Division of Toxicological Review and Evaluation (HFF-156), Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 325 EP - 335 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Animals KW - Fetal Blood -- chemistry KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Lead Poisoning -- blood KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Lead -- administration & dosage KW - Lead -- pharmacokinetics KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75911514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Hazard+assessment+of+lead.&rft.au=Carrington%2C+C+D%3BSheehan%2C+D+M%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heliophysical activity and incidence variations of skin malignant melanoma in Czechoslovakia: a regional study. AN - 75877175; 8330942 AB - Cyclic variations in the incidence of skin malignant melanoma during the years 1964-1985 in East Bohemia (excluding the districts of Pardubice and Svitavy), Czechoslovakia have been studied, as linear correlations with solar activity indexes have been revealed. The following statistical methods were applied: periodogram regression analysis, phase-correlation analysis, sigma-method and Student's t-test. The discretization of the data is on the basis of 1 year. Different cycles were found in the incidence variations (T = 7.5 years, T = 11.5 years, etc.), and this has been correlated with the variations of two heliophysical indexes (sigma, W) for the same time period. A few significant statistical relationships have been established with a time difference (lag-period) between the extremes of the data series; the incidence maxima follow the peaks of solar activity and appear about the minima of solar indexes, mainly. JF - International journal of biometeorology AU - Dimitrov, B D AD - Department of Social Medicine and Public Health Service, Medical University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 68 EP - 71 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0020-7128, 0020-7128 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Czechoslovakia -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - Sunlight -- adverse effects KW - Skin Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Melanoma -- etiology KW - Skin Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Periodicity KW - Melanoma -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75877175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+biometeorology&rft.atitle=Heliophysical+activity+and+incidence+variations+of+skin+malignant+melanoma+in+Czechoslovakia%3A+a+regional+study.&rft.au=Dimitrov%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Dimitrov&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+biometeorology&rft.issn=00207128&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-19 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reliability of mycotoxin assays--an update. AN - 75819616; 8318839 AB - The precision parameters of the method-performance (collaborative) studies for mycotoxins published in the literature through 1991 have been recalculated on a uniform basis by following the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry protocol. About 80% of the 793 accepted assays for mycotoxins, almost all of which have been conducted by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), liquid chromatography (LC), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), exhibit relative standard deviations among laboratories (RSDR) that are less than 2 times the values predicted from the Horwitz equation: RSDR, % = 2(1-0.5log10C) where C is the concentration expressed as a decimal fraction. The precision of TLC and LC methods is about the same, but that of ELISA is somewhat poorer. For those commodities for which sufficient data exist to provide a meaningful comparison, the methods applied to cottonseed products have the best precision and corn the worst, with peanuts intermediate. Overall, however, the primary factor affecting RSDR is concentration, more or less independent of analyte, method, matrix, and age of the study. If it is assumed that the test results are normally distributed and that an RSDR of 50% is the point where effective control of the results begins to be lost (a value equivalent to the production of 2% false-negative values), then relying on the Horwitz curve, the limit of quantitative measurement is the single digit, i.e., 5, micrograms/kg (10(-9); ppb) concentration for solid food commodities. Such a value must be considered as a limit applicable to a single analyte, aflatoxin B1, and not as a mean, and not applicable to the sum of the individual components, each of whose associated standard deviation would lie in the unacceptable region. Enforcement of a 5 micrograms aflatoxin B1/kg limit, under the assumptions made, requires that a responsible manufacturer and a prudent regulator operate at opposite extremes of tolerance limits: e.g., the producer at 2 micrograms/kg and the consumer at 10. A proposed Codex "maximum level" of 0.05 micrograms aflatoxin M1/kg milk cannot be supported by the available data applied in an interlaboratory enforcement environment. These conclusions are also supported by an examination of the reported data from the ongoing, large-scale proficiency studies routinely performed by the American Oil Chemists' Society and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Horwitz, W AU - Albert, R AU - Nesheim, S AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 461 EP - 491 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Standards KW - Databases, Factual KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75819616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Reliability+of+mycotoxin+assays--an+update.&rft.au=Horwitz%2C+W%3BAlbert%2C+R%3BNesheim%2C+S&rft.aulast=Horwitz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Food and Drug Administration monitoring of pesticide residues in infant foods and adult foods eaten by infants/children. AN - 75809238; 8318840 AB - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration uses 3 approaches to monitor pesticide residues in foods: regulatory monitoring, incidence/level monitoring, and the Total Diet Study. The results of monitoring infant foods and adult foods that may be eaten by infants/children under these 3 approaches are presented. Under regulatory monitoring, which is performed to enforce tolerances set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), during fiscal years 1985-1991, over 10,000 such domestic and imported food samples were collected and analyzed, and under the Total Diet Study, in which pesticide residue intakes are estimated in foods prepared for consumption, the food items in 27 market baskets were analyzed. Under incidence/level monitoring, which is complementary to regulatory monitoring, over 4000 analyses were performed on infant foods and adult foods eaten by children. Fewer than 50 of the 10,000 regulatory samples had violative residues; nearly all of those were residues for which there was no tolerance for the particular commodity/pesticide combination. Under incidence/level monitoring and the Total Diet Study, the levels of pesticide residues found in infant foods and adult foods eaten by children were well below tolerances set by EPA. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Yess, N J AU - Gunderson, E L AU - Roy, R R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 492 EP - 507 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Diet KW - Legislation, Food KW - Child, Preschool KW - Food Analysis KW - Infant Food -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75809238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+monitoring+of+pesticide+residues+in+infant+foods+and+adult+foods+eaten+by+infants%2Fchildren.&rft.au=Yess%2C+N+J%3BGunderson%2C+E+L%3BRoy%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Yess&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute effects of pentobarbital in a monkey operant behavioral test battery. AN - 75787329; 8516351 AB - The effects of acute pentobarbital treatment were assessed using a complex operant test battery containing five tasks in which correct performance is thought to depend upon processes associated with short-term memory and attention [delayed-matching-to-sample (DMTS)], color and position discrimination [conditioned position responding (CPR)], motivation [progressive ratio (PR)], time perception [temporal response differentiation (TRD)], and learning [incremental repeated acquisition (IRA)]. Adult, male rhesus monkeys were tested 15 min after IV injection of saline or pentobarbital (1, 3, 5.6, 10, or 15 mg/kg). Behavioral endpoints measured included percent task completed, response rate or latency, and response accuracy. The order of task sensitivity to disruption by PBT was TRD > IRA = DMTS = PR > CPR, in which sensitivity was defined as a significant disruption in any aspect of task performance. PBT slowed response rates at 10.0 and/or 15.0 mg/kg in all tasks. Accuracy was decreased in the TRD task at > or = 5.6 mg/kg but doses of > or = 10.0 mg/kg were required to decrease accuracy in the IRA, DMTS, and CPR tasks. Thus, behavior thought to model time perception (TRD) was more sensitive than behavior modeling learning (IRA), short-term memory and attention (DMTS), and motivation (PR). CPR was the least sensitive behavior. Because pentobarbital exerts its effects at least in part via GABA systems, the effects in the current study were compared with those of a previous study of the acute effects of diazepam. The two compounds exerted fundamentally different effects on operant test battery performance. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 107 EP - 116 VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Pentobarbital KW - I4744080IR KW - Diazepam KW - Q3JTX2Q7TU KW - Index Medicus KW - Discrimination Learning -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Reinforcement Schedule KW - Motivation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Time Perception -- drug effects KW - Diazepam -- pharmacology KW - Learning -- drug effects KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Memory, Short-Term -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Pentobarbital -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75787329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Acute+effects+of+pentobarbital+in+a+monkey+operant+behavioral+test+battery.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S+A%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-19 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory agency considerations and requirements for validation of toxicity test alternatives. AN - 75786685; 8516758 AB - When developing an alternative toxicity test, one must first determine whether the alternative assay is to be used as a screen or as a replacement for the traditional toxicity test. An assay used as a screen will require less stringent acceptance criteria, for it is designed to answer fewer and less complex questions (e.g., the assessment of only potential teratogenicity). An assay used as a replacement will be used to establish hazard or lack thereof (safety). In other words, a replacement assay must clearly establish whether or not a chemical is a teratogen. One should also have knowledge of and experience with the in vivo assay to be replaced. This knowledge should be of not only the procedural aspects of the test but also the regulatory information it provides (i.e., how the results are used for hazard determination). Thorough consideration of the regulatory information is critical for a test intended to be used as a replacement. Validation should include intralaboratory and interlaboratory reproducibility of results from a standard protocol, an assessment of the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the test responses, and the use of a sufficient number of chemicals representative of the defined category of interest. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Green, S AD - Food and Drug Administration, Division of Toxicological Research, Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 119 EP - 123 VL - 68 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Toxicology -- standards KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75786685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Regulatory+agency+considerations+and+requirements+for+validation+of+toxicity+test+alternatives.&rft.au=Green%2C+S&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-16 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality of workers hired during World War II. AN - 75782320; 8506857 AB - There has been some suggestion that men first hired during World War II do not show the typical healthy worker effect and may have been more unhealthy than their counterparts who entered military service. We have studied 41,000 workers at six plants to determine whether men hired during World War II had higher mortality than men hired just before or after WWII. No evidence was found of any "unhealthy WWII worker" effect. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Steenland, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 823 EP - 827 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Warfare KW - Life Style KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Continental Population Groups KW - Cohort Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75782320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+of+workers+hired+during+World+War+II.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=823&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-07 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation of the adduct 6-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-3-amino-benzo[a]pyrene from the mutagenic environmental contaminant 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene. AN - 75767313; 8166885 AB - 3-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (3-nitro-B[a]P) is a potent bacterial mutagen as a result of nitroreduction. Reaction of N-hydroxy-3-amino-B[a]P, prepared in situ from reduction of 3-nitro-B[a]P with calf thymus DNA, was studied. After enzymatic digestion of the DNA, the resulting modified nucleosides were analyzed by thermospray HPLC-MS and high-resolution proton NMR spectroscopy. The major adduct was identified as 6-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-3-amino-B[a]P. The same adduct was obtained from incubation of DNA with 3-nitro-B[a]P in the presence of the mammalian nitroreductase xanthine oxidase, and hypoxanthine. These data indicate that a mammalian nitroreductase can metabolize 3-nitro-B[a]P to an activated derivative that reacts with DNA to give a novel adduct distant from the site of N-hydroxylation. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Herreno-Saenz, D AU - Evans, F E AU - Abian, J AU - Fu, P P AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 1065 EP - 1067 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Benzopyrenes KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Mutagens KW - 6-(deoxyguanosin-N(2)-yl)-3-aminobenzo(a)pyrene KW - 149635-27-8 KW - 3-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene KW - 70021-98-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Xanthine Oxidase KW - EC 1.17.3.2 KW - Nitroreductases KW - EC 1.7.- KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Index Medicus KW - Xanthine Oxidase -- metabolism KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Nitroreductases -- metabolism KW - Mammals KW - DNA Damage KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Benzopyrenes -- analysis KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analysis KW - Benzopyrenes -- metabolism KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75767313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Formation+of+the+adduct+6-%28deoxyguanosin-N2-yl%29-3-amino-benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+from+the+mutagenic+environmental+contaminant+3-nitrobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene.&rft.au=Herreno-Saenz%2C+D%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BAbian%2C+J%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Herreno-Saenz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1065&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-06 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research program for neurotoxic disorders and other adverse health outcomes at hazardous chemical sites in the United States of America. AN - 75741314; 8495669 JF - Environmental research AU - Amler, R W AU - Lybarger, J A AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia 30333. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 279 EP - 284 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - National Health Programs KW - Nervous System Diseases -- psychology KW - Nervous System Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75741314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Research+program+for+neurotoxic+disorders+and+other+adverse+health+outcomes+at+hazardous+chemical+sites+in+the+United+States+of+America.&rft.au=Amler%2C+R+W%3BLybarger%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Amler&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury deaths in Alaska's fishing industry, 1980 through 1988. AN - 75711894; 8484449 AB - Studies from other countries have identified fishing as a hazardous industry, but little is known about occupational injury mortality related to fishing in the United States. Alaska was chosen for this study because approximately 45,000 people annually participate in Alaska's fishing industry and fishing is thought to be a major contributor to occupational injury mortality in the state. Work-related injury deaths in Alaska's fishing industry were identified by means of death certificates and US Coast Guard mortality data. Fatality rates were calculated by using average annual fishing industry employment estimates. The 5-year average annual fishing-related fatality rate was 414.6 per 100,000 fishermen. The majority of the decedents were Caucasian men who drowned while fishing. This study emphasizes that fishing is a dangerous industry in Alaska and demonstrates the benefit of using multiple data sources to identify fishing-related deaths in the state. JF - American journal of public health AU - Schnitzer, P G AU - Landen, D D AU - Russell, J C AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WVa. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 685 EP - 688 VL - 83 IS - 5 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Drowning -- mortality KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Seasons KW - Adult KW - Death Certificates KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Fisheries KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75711894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+deaths+in+Alaska%27s+fishing+industry%2C+1980+through+1988.&rft.au=Schnitzer%2C+P+G%3BLanden%2C+D+D%3BRussell%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Schnitzer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: JAMA. 1990 Jun 13;263(22):3047-50 [2342216] Br J Ind Med. 1990 Nov;47(11):726-32 [2147111] Proc R Soc Med. 1966 May;59(5):405-10 [5933115] Public Health Rep. 1992 Jan-Feb;107(1):70-4 [1531389] Br J Ind Med. 1990 Jul;47(7):498-501 [2383520] Comment In: Am J Public Health. 1994 Mar;84(3):496-8 [8129077] Am J Public Health. 1994 Mar;84(3):496 [8129076] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photoconversion and electron microscopic localization of the fluorescent axon tracer fluoro-ruby (rhodamine-dextran-amine). AN - 75665545; 7682231 AB - Fluoro-Ruby, the fluorescent tetramethylrhodamine-dextran-amine used to demonstrate anterograde axon transport, has been successfully photoconverted and subsequently localized by electron microscopy. The photoconversion was accomplished by irradiating the tissue with green light while bathing it in a solution containing DAB. The tissue could then be examined by brightfield microscopy or processed for conventional electron microscopy. Potential advantages of the technique include greater permanence and contrast at the light microscopic level and the ability to resolve synaptic connectivity at the electron microscopic level. JF - The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society AU - Schmued, L C AU - Snavely, L F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 777 EP - 782 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1554, 0022-1554 KW - 2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene, methanesulfonate salt KW - 0 KW - Dextrans KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Fluoro-Ruby KW - Rhodamines KW - Stilbamidines KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mesencephalon -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Mesencephalon -- ultrastructure KW - Male KW - Synapses -- ultrastructure KW - Substantia Nigra -- ultrastructure KW - Dextrans -- pharmacokinetics KW - Fluorescent Dyes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Rhodamines -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75665545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journal+of+histochemistry+and+cytochemistry+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Histochemistry+Society&rft.atitle=Photoconversion+and+electron+microscopic+localization+of+the+fluorescent+axon+tracer+fluoro-ruby+%28rhodamine-dextran-amine%29.&rft.au=Schmued%2C+L+C%3BSnavely%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Schmued&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=777&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journal+of+histochemistry+and+cytochemistry+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Histochemistry+Society&rft.issn=00221554&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Focus on Food Labeling. An FDA Consumer Special Report. AN - 62785775; ED369942 AB - This special issue is designed for those who want to know all they can about the new federal requirements for nutrition information on food labels. Nine articles are included. "Good Reading for Good Eating" (Paula Kurtzweil) addresses mandatory nutrition labeling, the nutrition panel, nutrient content and health claims, and ingredient labeling. "Cooking Up the New Food Label" (Judith E. Foulke) describes the process of writing the regulations. "Look for 'Legit' Health Claims on Foods" (Dixie Farley) covers definitions and restrictions, new claims, guidelines for using health claims, and denied claims. "A Little 'Lite' Reading" (Dori Stehlin) focuses on 11 core terms related to nutrient content claims: free, low, lean, extra lean, high, good source, reduced, less, light, fewer, and more. "'Nutrition Facts' to Help Consumers Eat Smart" (Kurtzweil) describes the format of the new nutrition label, called 'Nutrition Facts.'"'Daily Values' Encourage Healthy Diet" (Kurtzweil) focuses on the 'daily values' term and describes two sets of reference values for nutrients that serve as the basis for calculating percent daily values--Daily Reference Values and Reference Daily Intakes. "Ingredient Labeling: What's in a Food?" (Marian Segal) addresses the requirement that ingredients for all standardized foods be listed on the label. "Nutrition Info Available for Raw Fruits, Vegetables, Fish" (Kurtzweil) concerns guidelines for voluntary labeling of raw produce and fish. "The Food Pyramid-Food Label Connection" (Etta Saltos) discusses how to use the label information to follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. (YLB) Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 66 PB - New Orders, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954 (FDA Consumer subscription: $15/year). KW - Food Labels KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Legislation KW - Food KW - Dietetics KW - Consumer Education KW - Consumer Protection KW - Federal Regulation KW - Nutrition KW - Food Standards KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/lo