TY - JOUR T1 - NMR structural studies of a 15-mer DNA duplex from a ras protooncogene modified with the carcinogen 2-aminofluorene: conformational heterogeneity. AN - 76350349; 8312255 AB - Proton NMR studies were conducted on the complementary 15-mer DNA duplex, d(5'-TACTCTTCTT[AF]GACCT).d (5'-AGGTCAAGAAGAGTA) (designated as the AF-modified duplex). The sequence represents a portion of the mouse c-Ha-ras protooncogene and was selectively modified to contain a single N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene (dG-C8-AF) adduct at the deoxyguanosine corresponding to the first base of codon 61. The AF-modified duplex was found to exist in multiple conformations, with one being predominant (approximately 60%). The exchangeable and nonexchangeable protons belonging to the major conformer were sufficiently well-resolved to allow the assignment of the majority of the base and sugar protons. The one-dimensional proton spectra, as well as the NOE cross-peak patterns associated with this conformer of the AF-modified duplex both in H2O and D2O spectra, were strikingly similar to those observed for the major conformer of an analogous duplex containing N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dG-C8-ABP) in the same position [Cho, B.P., Beland, F. A., & Marques, M. M. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 9587-9602]. The experimental results suggest that the AF- and ABP-modified duplexes adopt essentially identical major conformations, with each arylamine moiety being positioned in the major groove of a slightly disturbed B-type DNA duplex. Nonetheless, the absence of specific NOE cross peaks in the vicinity of the modification site indicates that the local structural perturbation is more severe in the AF-modified duplex. Although insufficient data precluded a detailed characterization of the minor conformers of the AF-modified duplex, the observation of significant shielding of the AF aromatic protons suggests a more dramatic structural alteration at the adduct site, possibly involving extensive stacking with the neighboring bases. The higher content (30-40%) of the minor conformers observed for the AF-modified duplex contrasted with the low contribution (5-10%) of similar structures in the ABP-modified duplex and may be attributed to a better overlapping efficiency of the planar AF ring with the nearby bases. Since the significant local perturbation observed in the minor conformers could provide a possible mechanism for mutations, our results support the view that the structural differences in the arylamine fragments of otherwise identical adducts have a direct influence on the conformational heterogeneities, which in turn may play a significant role in arylamine carcinogenesis. JF - Biochemistry AU - Cho, B P AU - Beland, F A AU - Marques, M M AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994/02/15/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 15 SP - 1373 EP - 1384 VL - 33 IS - 6 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - Fluorenes KW - 0 KW - Protons KW - 2-aminofluorene KW - 3A69OS195N KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Base Sequence KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Binding Sites KW - Fluorenes -- pharmacology KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - Nucleic Acid Conformation -- drug effects KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76350349?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=NMR+structural+studies+of+a+15-mer+DNA+duplex+from+a+ras+protooncogene+modified+with+the+carcinogen+2-aminofluorene%3A+conformational+heterogeneity.&rft.au=Cho%2C+B+P%3BBeland%2C+F+A%3BMarques%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Cho&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-02-15&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decreasing cardiovascular disease and increasing cancer among whites in the United States from 1973 through 1987. Good news and bad news. AN - 76346069; 8295317 AB - Trends in cancer mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer incidence are assessed among US whites to determine whether aging of the population and smoking patterns completely account for increased cancer rates from 1973 through 1987. For mortality, percentage changes in age-specific rates were calculated. For cancer incidence, trends in age-specific rates across time periods and birth cohorts were assessed for several sites. National US cardiovascular and cancer mortality rates and incidence rates for smoking-related cancer, breast cancer, and all other types of cancer in 10% of the US population covered by the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program were analyzed. From 1973 through 1987, cardiovascular mortality decreased 42% in the age group 0 to 54 years and decreased 33% in the age group 55 to 84 years; concurrently, cancer mortality decreased 17% in the younger group but increased 12% in the older group. By 1987, even though proportionally fewer people in the older age groups died, relatively more of them died of cancer. Men born in the 1940s had twice as much cancer as those born in 1888 through 1897 and more than twice as much cancer not linked to smoking; women born during this period had 50% and 30% more of these same cancers, respectively. Rates of smoking-related cancers in recent cohorts of women were five to six times greater than in those born in 1888 through 1897, while rates in men declined. Recent cohorts of women also had more than twice as much breast cancer as those born in 1888 through 1897. In recent US birth cohorts, our model found that increases in cancer have occurred that are not solely linked to aging of the population and smoking patterns. In light of these results and similar findings in Sweden, changes in carcinogenic hazards in addition to smoking are likely to have occurred and need to be studied further. JF - JAMA AU - Davis, D L AU - Dinse, G E AU - Hoel, D G AD - Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201. Y1 - 1994/02/09/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 09 SP - 431 EP - 437 VL - 271 IS - 6 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Mortality -- trends KW - Child KW - Population Surveillance KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Smoking KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76346069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Decreasing+cardiovascular+disease+and+increasing+cancer+among+whites+in+the+United+States+from+1973+through+1987.+Good+news+and+bad+news.&rft.au=Davis%2C+D+L%3BDinse%2C+G+E%3BHoel%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-02-09&rft.volume=271&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-02 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 1994 Jul 20;272(3):199; author reply 199-200 [8022032] JAMA. 1994 Jul 20;272(3):199; author reply 199-200 [8022031] JAMA. 1994 Feb 9;271(6):468 [8295323] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Industries and occupations at high risk for work-related homicide. AN - 76469342; 8176509 AB - Homicide is the third leading cause of injury death in the workplace. The death certificate-based National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities surveillance system and estimates of annual employment were used to calculate average annual rates of work-related homicide for detailed industries and occupations for the nation for 1980 to 1989. Workers in the taxicab industry had the highest rate of work-related homicide (26.9 per 100,000 workers). High rates were also identified for workers providing public and private security, and in a number of retail trade and service industries. For many high-risk industries, the risk was excessive for male workers only. Differences between rates for black and nonblack workers varied across industries and occupations. Immediate efforts to protect workers, and long-term efforts to describe and study work-related homicide thoroughly and to evaluate interventions are needed. JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Castillo, D N AU - Jenkins, E L AD - Injury Surveillance Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 125 EP - 132 VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Violence KW - Cause of Death KW - Population Surveillance KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Homicide -- psychology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Homicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- psychology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Accidents, Occupational -- psychology KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality KW - Homicide -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76469342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Industries+and+occupations+at+high+risk+for+work-related+homicide.&rft.au=Castillo%2C+D+N%3BJenkins%2C+E+L&rft.aulast=Castillo&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-09 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia: search for occupational exposure. AN - 76468245; 8176510 AB - Two cases of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) that occurred in employees from one university academic department were investigated using approaches for both cluster and single case investigation. Common personal characteristics and potential past hazardous exposures were evaluated. The patients shared a young age at diagnosis, worked in the same building, and had similar duration of time between first entering the building and diagnosis of WM. No evidence was found to support the original hypothesis that exposure to radioactive material could be related to the occurrence of WM. Although this investigation did not identify a common causal agent among two cases of a rare disease, investigations of disease clusters may be useful for developing etiologic hypotheses even when a full-scale epidemiologic study is not undertaken. Detailed descriptions of case characteristics can help generate ideas for further research. JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Tepper, A AU - Moss, C E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 133 EP - 136 VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76468245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Waldenstrom%27s+macroglobulinemia%3A+search+for+occupational+exposure.&rft.au=Tepper%2C+A%3BMoss%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Tepper&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-09 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Opportunities for integration of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicokinetics in rational drug development. AN - 76455575; 8163710 JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Peck, C C AU - Barr, W H AU - Benet, L Z AU - Collins, J AU - Desjardins, R E AU - Furst, D E AU - Harter, J G AU - Levy, G AU - Ludden, T AU - Rodman, J H AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 111 EP - 119 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Drugs, Investigational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic KW - Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic KW - Drug Labeling KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Drugs, Investigational -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drugs, Investigational -- pharmacology KW - Drug Approval KW - Drugs, Investigational -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76455575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Opportunities+for+integration+of+pharmacokinetics%2C+pharmacodynamics%2C+and+toxicokinetics+in+rational+drug+development.&rft.au=Peck%2C+C+C%3BBarr%2C+W+H%3BBenet%2C+L+Z%3BCollins%2C+J%3BDesjardins%2C+R+E%3BFurst%2C+D+E%3BHarter%2C+J+G%3BLevy%2C+G%3BLudden%2C+T%3BRodman%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Peck&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-26 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foodborne bacterial infections in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus. AN - 76376267; 8115877 AB - The literature contains reports documenting a foodborne etiology for bacterial infections caused by Salmonella spp, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni, and Vibrio spp in individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The incidence of these infections and the life-threatening complications that result are elevated in people with HIV infection. We present practical recommendations to prevent foodborne illnesses and the resulting complications, including gastroenteritis, bacteremia, meningitis, and death. We suggest that patients with HIV infection be counseled to avoid foods at high risk for harboring bacterial pathogens and to use careful sanitary practices in food preparation. JF - Southern medical journal AU - Altekruse, S AU - Hyman, F AU - Klontz, K AU - Timbo, B AU - Tollefson, L AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 169 EP - 173 VL - 87 IS - 2 SN - 0038-4348, 0038-4348 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Vibrio -- pathogenicity KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- pathogenicity KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Salmonella -- pathogenicity KW - Food Handling KW - Campylobacter jejuni -- pathogenicity KW - Bacterial Infections -- etiology KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- complications KW - Food Microbiology KW - Bacterial Infections -- prevention & control KW - Bacterial Infections -- complications KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76376267?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+medical+journal&rft.atitle=Foodborne+bacterial+infections+in+individuals+with+the+human+immunodeficiency+virus.&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S%3BHyman%2C+F%3BKlontz%2C+K%3BTimbo%2C+B%3BTollefson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Southern+medical+journal&rft.issn=00384348&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-29 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Total serum testosterone and gonadotropins in workers exposed to dioxin. AN - 76375004; 8116602 AB - Human reproductive endocrine data may be an important source of epidemiologic information in regard to the toxic potential of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin). The association of serum dioxin with total serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone was examined in 248 chemical production workers from New Jersey and Missouri plants and 231 nonexposed neighborhood referents who participated in a medical evaluation in 1987. In linear regression analyses, current serum dioxin was positively and significantly related to luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone and inversely related to total testosterone after adjustment for potential confounders (p 28 IU/liter), high follicle-stimulating hormone (> 31 IU/liter), and low testosterone (< 10.4 nmol/liter) by serum dioxin quartiles. There was a greater prevalence of high luteinizing hormone among workers in the second (odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-5.5), third (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 0.9-7.3), and fourth (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 0.7-5.0) quartiles of serum dioxin compared with referents. For follicle-stimulating hormone, the authors observed a greater prevalence of high follicle-stimulating hormone among workers in the fourth quartile (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 0.7-5.6) compared with referents. Similarly, the prevalence of low testosterone was two to four times greater among workers in the second (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.3-11.3), third (OR = 2.7, 95% CI 0.9-8.2), and fourth quartiles (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 0.8-5.8) than among referents. The trends observed in these data offer human evidence of alterations in male reproductive hormone levels associated with dioxin exposure. The results support the animal literature in which dioxin-related effects have been observed on the hypothalamic-pituitary-Leydig-cell axis and on testosterone synthesis. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Egeland, G M AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Fingerhut, M A AU - Wille, K K AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Halperin, W E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1994/02/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Feb 01 SP - 272 EP - 281 VL - 139 IS - 3 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Luteinizing Hormone KW - 9002-67-9 KW - Follicle Stimulating Hormone KW - 9002-68-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Missouri KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Aged KW - Matched-Pair Analysis KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Logistic Models KW - Adult KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Middle Aged KW - New Jersey KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Dioxins -- blood KW - Testosterone -- blood KW - Luteinizing Hormone -- blood KW - Follicle Stimulating Hormone -- blood KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76375004?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Total+serum+testosterone+and+gonadotropins+in+workers+exposed+to+dioxin.&rft.au=Egeland%2C+G+M%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BFingerhut%2C+M+A%3BWille%2C+K+K%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M%3BHalperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Egeland&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=139&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Epidemiol. 1997 Mar 15;145(6):569 [9063349] Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Mar 1;141(5):477; author reply 477-8 [7879793] Am J Epidemiol. 1995 Mar 1;141(5):476-7; author reply 477-8 [7879792] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progesterone and estradiol interaction in the regulation of rat uterine weight and estrogen receptor concentration. AN - 76360497; 8108464 AB - Autologous down-regulation of hormone receptors has been shown for several steroid hormones. We have previously shown estradiol (E2) regulates estrogen receptor (ER) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. These studies have been extended to investigate the interaction between progesterone (P) and E2 in the regulation of ER and uterine weight. We implanted Silastic capsules containing varying concentrations of E2 (0.0005 mg E2/ml to 5.0 mg E2/ml of sesame oil) into adult female Sprague-Dawley rats one week after OVX. Simultaneously with implantation, P injections were started (sc in sesame oil) at doses of 1-40 mg/day for three days. In the absence of P, the 0.05 mg E2/ml implant significantly increased total ER levels (measured by cytosol and nuclear exchange assays) by 25%, while the two highest concentrations of E2 (0.5 and 5.0 mg E2/ml) significantly decreased cytosol and total ER levels by at least 40%. No P dose altered ER levels in OVX rats or in rats given E2 implants of 0.01 mg E2/ml or lower. At E2 implant concentrations of 0.05 mg E2/ml and higher, P decreased total ER levels 30%-50% compared to the appropriate E2-only controls. P increased uterine weight by 25% in OVX controls and in rats treated with E2 implants of 0.01 mg E2/ml and below. In contrast, P inhibited uterine weight gain induced by 0.05-5.0 mg/E2 ml implants by 20%-30%; maximal inhibition occurred at 5 mg/day of P and above. These data demonstrate that P increases uterine weight but does not alter ER concentration in rats with low E2 levels (OVX or low E2 concentration implants) but decreases uterine weight and down-regulates ER at higher E2 levels, regardless of whether ER is up-regulated or down-regulated by E2. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Medlock, K L AU - Forrester, T M AU - Sheehan, D M AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 146 EP - 153 VL - 205 IS - 2 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Drug Implants KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Ovariectomy KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Uterus -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- drug effects KW - Estradiol -- blood KW - Estradiol -- administration & dosage KW - Down-Regulation KW - Progesterone -- pharmacology KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Progesterone -- administration & dosage KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- metabolism KW - Uterus -- anatomy & histology KW - Progesterone -- blood KW - Uterus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76360497?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Progesterone+and+estradiol+interaction+in+the+regulation+of+rat+uterine+weight+and+estrogen+receptor+concentration.&rft.au=Medlock%2C+K+L%3BForrester%2C+T+M%3BSheehan%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Medlock&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of DNA adduct formation in mice fed coal tar or benzo[a]pyrene. AN - 76353160; 8313515 AB - Coal tar is a complex mixture containing hundreds of compounds, including the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, benzo[a]pyrene. In order to compare the metabolic activation of a single carcinogen versus a complex mixture containing the carcinogen, we determined the DNA adduct profiles in B6C3F1 mice fed doses of coal tar or benzo[a]pyrene at concentrations corresponding to the amount of benzo[a]pyrene found in the respective coal tar treatments. DNA adduct formation was quantified in liver, lungs and forestomach by 32P-postlabeling and was found to increase as a function of dose in each tissue with both coal tar and benzo[a]pyrene. In mice fed benzo[a]pyrene, a major adduct was detected with the same elution characteristics by TLC and HPLC as the major adduct, 10 beta-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-7 beta, 8 alpha, 9 alpha-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10- tetrahydrobenzo[a]-pyrene (dG-N2-BPDE), obtained from reacting (+/-)-antibenzo[a]pyrene-7,8- dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) with DNA. DNA binding was in the order forestomach > or = liver > lung, except at the highest dose group where the order was liver > forestomach > lung. In mice fed coal tar, a diagonal zone of radioactivity with a number of discrete adducts was observed. One area of radioactivity contained the major BPDE adduct, dG-N2-BPDE, based on co-elution by TLC and HPLC with the synthesized adduct. Total DNA binding was greater in the coal tar-fed mice than in the mice fed benzo[a]pyrene, and the adduct levels were in the order lung > liver > forestomach. These results indicate that there are tissue-specific differences in the activation of coal tar components when compared to a representative carcinogen contained within the mixture. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Culp, S J AU - Beland, F A AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 247 EP - 252 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide KW - 55097-80-8 KW - Coal Tar KW - 8007-45-2 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- metabolism KW - Stomach -- metabolism KW - DNA Damage KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Coal Tar -- toxicity KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76353160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+DNA+adduct+formation+in+mice+fed+coal+tar+or+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene.&rft.au=Culp%2C+S+J%3BBeland%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Culp&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Caloric restriction profoundly inhibits liver tumor formation after initiation by 6-nitrochrysene in male mice. AN - 76350256; 8313502 AB - Caloric restriction (CR) inhibited strongly the incidence of chemically-induced tumors in the neonatal B6C3F1 mouse tumorigenicity bioassay, when begun 3 months after treatment with the potent carcinogen 6-nitrochrysene. These data indicate that CR can have a profound inhibitory effect on tumor development even long after metabolic activation and DNA repair have occurred. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Fu, P P AU - Dooley, K L AU - Von Tungeln, L S AU - Bucci, T AU - Hart, R W AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1994/02// PY - 1994 DA - February 1994 SP - 159 EP - 161 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Chrysenes KW - 6-nitrochrysene KW - 82ZK83O33Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - DNA Damage KW - Biotransformation KW - Food Deprivation KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Chrysenes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Adenoma -- prevention & control KW - Adenoma -- chemically induced KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Energy Intake KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76350256?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Caloric+restriction+profoundly+inhibits+liver+tumor+formation+after+initiation+by+6-nitrochrysene+in+male+mice.&rft.au=Fu%2C+P+P%3BDooley%2C+K+L%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+L+S%3BBucci%2C+T%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory considerations for oligonucleotide drugs: updated recommendations for pharmacology and toxicology studies. AN - 77830816; 7734946 AB - This article describes pharmacology and toxicity studies for oligonucleotide drugs that are recommended for inclusion in the initial Investigational New Drug Application (IND), a first request to use an investigational drug in clinical trials. Recent observations of non-sequence-dependent cardiovascular toxicity and deaths in monkeys following intravenous infusions of phosphorothioates have raised a potential safety concern for oligonucleotide drugs. This concern should be considered by drug sponsors in designing pre-IND nonclinical development programs and Phase I clinical protocols. Pre-IND conduct of pharmacodynamic cardiovascular screening is highly recommended for defining safe clinical dosing regimens for phosphorothioate (and, possibly, other charged-backbone) oligomers. Additionally, drug sponsors are encouraged to (1) conduct research into-the mechanisms responsible for this dose-limiting toxicity, (2) institute liberal publication policies for research conducted under industrial sponsorship, and (3) communicate with reviewing divisions at FDA for updated guidance in this field when planning pre-IND safety studies. Recommendations for nonclinical studies during development of oligonucleotides will be modified as new information regarding the biological properties of oligonucleotides becomes available. JF - Antisense research and development AU - Black, L E AU - Farrelly, J G AU - Cavagnaro, J A AU - Ahn, C H AU - DeGeorge, J J AU - Taylor, A S AU - DeFelice, A F AU - Jordan, A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Antiviral Drug Products, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 299 EP - 301 VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1050-5261, 1050-5261 KW - Drugs, Investigational KW - 0 KW - Oligonucleotides KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Humans KW - Investigational New Drug Application KW - Protein Binding KW - Drugs, Investigational -- pharmacology KW - Oligonucleotides -- pharmacology KW - Drugs, Investigational -- metabolism KW - Drugs, Investigational -- adverse effects KW - Oligonucleotides -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77830816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antisense+research+and+development&rft.atitle=Regulatory+considerations+for+oligonucleotide+drugs%3A+updated+recommendations+for+pharmacology+and+toxicology+studies.&rft.au=Black%2C+L+E%3BFarrelly%2C+J+G%3BCavagnaro%2C+J+A%3BAhn%2C+C+H%3BDeGeorge%2C+J+J%3BTaylor%2C+A+S%3BDeFelice%2C+A+F%3BJordan%2C+A&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antisense+research+and+development&rft.issn=10505261&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-06-08 N1 - Date created - 1995-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assay for oxidative metabolism. AN - 77800685; 7711857 JF - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) AU - Harvath, L AU - Terle, D A AD - Division of Hematology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 281 EP - 287 VL - 34 SN - 1064-3745, 1064-3745 KW - Fluoresceins KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein KW - 56NQM5UZT1 KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.6.- KW - NADPH Oxidase KW - EC 1.6.3.1 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Burst -- drug effects KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Blood Cells -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Blood Cells -- drug effects KW - Cell Separation -- methods KW - Neutrophils -- metabolism KW - Neutrophils -- drug effects KW - Flow Cytometry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77800685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+aerosol+medicine+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Aerosols+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Regulatory+aspects+of+modifications+to+innovator+bronchodilator+metered+dose+inhalers+and+development+of+generic+substitutes.&rft.au=Adams%2C+W+P%3BPoochikian%2C+G%3BTaylor%2C+A+S%3BPatel%2C+R+M%3BBurke%2C+G+P%3BWilliams%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+aerosol+medicine+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Aerosols+in+Medicine&rft.issn=08942684&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-18 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assay for filamentous actin. AN - 77800648; 7711855 JF - Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) AU - Harvath, L AD - Division of Hematology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 261 EP - 268 VL - 34 SN - 1064-3745, 1064-3745 KW - Actins KW - 0 KW - Amanitins KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Polymers KW - phallotoxin KW - 54351-96-1 KW - N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine KW - 59880-97-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Neutrophils -- drug effects KW - N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine -- pharmacology KW - Neutrophils -- chemistry KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Neutrophils -- physiology KW - Polymers -- analysis KW - Protein Conformation KW - Actins -- analysis KW - Actins -- chemistry KW - Flow Cytometry -- methods KW - Cell Separation -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77800648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Methods+in+molecular+biology+%28Clifton%2C+N.J.%29&rft.atitle=Assay+for+filamentous+actin.&rft.au=Harvath%2C+L&rft.aulast=Harvath&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Methods+in+molecular+biology+%28Clifton%2C+N.J.%29&rft.issn=10643745&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-18 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of dexamethasone-induced embryotoxicity in vitro in mouse and rat embryos. AN - 77796871; 7709365 AB - Previous work demonstrated that rat embryos were more susceptible to the growth retardation effect of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) in vivo than were mouse embryos. The purpose of this study was to examine this species difference using an in vitro system. Embryos of CD rats and CD-1 mice were cultured in a whole embryo culture system with concentrations of DEX from 5 to 250 micrograms/ml. Rat embryos were explanted on day 9 of gestation (GD 9: plug day = GD 0), while mouse embryos were removed on GD 8. After 48 h in culture, each viable embryo was evaluated for morphological score, and the number of somite pairs, crown-rump, and head lengths, as well as DNA and protein concentrations were determined. A reduced morphological score was observed for mouse embryos at 5 micrograms DEX/ml, but a significant decrease in this parameter was only observed at DEX concentrations of > or = 100 micrograms/ml in rat embryos. Significant reductions in the number of somite pairs were observed at 25 micrograms/ml for mouse embryos and 100 micrograms/ml for rat embryos. Crown-rump and head lengths as well as DNA and protein concentrations were significantly decreased at 100 micrograms/ml in mouse embryos and 150 micrograms/ml in rat embryos. Therefore, in vitro mouse embryos were adversely affected by lower concentrations of DEX than were rat embryos for each of the six end points examined in this study. This species sensitivity in vitro could be due to inherent genetic differences or to the slightly different developmental stages evaluated using the culture system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis AU - Hansen, D K AU - Grafton, T F AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 281 EP - 289 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Culture Techniques KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Species Specificity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects KW - Dexamethasone -- toxicity KW - Rats -- embryology KW - Mice -- embryology KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77796871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+dexamethasone-induced+embryotoxicity+in+vitro+in+mouse+and+rat+embryos.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+D+K%3BGrafton%2C+T+F&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-05-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat-resistant fungi of importance to the food and beverage industry. AN - 77732287; 7857517 AB - Spoilage of pasteurized and canned fruit and fruit products caused by heat-resistant molds have been reported repeatedly in recent years. Species most commonly implicated in fruit and fruit product disintegration are Byssochlamys fulva, Byssochlamys nivea, Neosartorya fischeri, Talaromyces flavus, and Eupenicillium brefeldianum. These organisms are saprophytic rather than parasitic and usually contaminate fruits on or near the ground. They can survive heat treatments used for fruit processing and can grow and spoil the products during storage at room temperature, which results in great economic losses. Mold heat resistance is attributed to the formation of sexual spores, ascospores. Ascospores have a wide range of heat resistance, depending on species, strain, age of organism, heating medium, pH, presence of sugars, fats, and acids in heating medium, growth conditions, etc. The mechanism(s) of thermoresistance are not clear; probably some very stable compound(s) critical to germination and outgrowth are present in the heat-resistant ascospores. Besides spoilage, the heat-resistant molds produce a number of toxic secondary metabolites, such as byssotoxin A; byssochlamic acid; the carcinogen, patulin, the tremorgenic substances, fumitremorgin A and C, and verruculogen; fischerin, which caused fatal peritonitis in mice; and eupenifeldin, a compound possessing cytotoxicity as well as in vivo antitumor activity. Growth of heat-resistant fungi can be controlled by lowering the water activity, adding sulfur dioxide, sorbate, or benzoate; washing of fruits in hypochlorite solution before heat treatment reduces the number of ascospores and makes the heat destruction more successful. More research is needed to elucidate the mechanism(s) of thermoresistance and develop new methods for the complete inactivation of resistant ascospores. JF - Critical reviews in microbiology AU - Tournas, V AD - Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 243 EP - 263 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 1040-841X, 1040-841X KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Beverages KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Fungi -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77732287?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+microbiology&rft.atitle=Heat-resistant+fungi+of+importance+to+the+food+and+beverage+industry.&rft.au=Tournas%2C+V&rft.aulast=Tournas&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+microbiology&rft.issn=1040841X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-03-22 N1 - Date created - 1995-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacology and public health: the Jamaica ginger paralysis episode of the 1930s. AN - 77126013; 11613494 JF - Pharmacy in history AU - Parascandola, J AD - Public Health Service, Rockville Pike, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 123 EP - 131 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0031-7047, 0031-7047 KW - Alcohols KW - 0 KW - Poisons KW - History of medicine KW - Smith KW - Elvove KW - United States KW - History, 20th Century KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Humans KW - Poisons -- history KW - Paralysis -- history KW - Alcohols -- history KW - National Institutes of Health (U.S.) -- history KW - Public Health -- history KW - Pharmacology -- history UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77126013?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacy+in+history&rft.atitle=Pharmacology+and+public+health%3A+the+Jamaica+ginger+paralysis+episode+of+the+1930s.&rft.au=Parascandola%2C+J&rft.aulast=Parascandola&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacy+in+history&rft.issn=00317047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-23 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - People - Elvove; Smith N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Elvove; Smith ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Linking research and service delivery: the unique mission of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. AN - 77123521; 8722449 JF - NIDA research monograph AU - Jansen, M A AD - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 23 EP - 26 VL - 140 SN - 1046-9516, 1046-9516 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Research -- organization & administration KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77123521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.atitle=Linking+research+and+service+delivery%3A+the+unique+mission+of+the+Substance+Abuse+and+Mental+Health+Services+Administration.&rft.au=Jansen%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Jansen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.issn=10469516&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-11-12 N1 - Date created - 1996-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Autoradiographic approaches to studying hallucinogens or other drugs. AN - 77122568; 8742801 AB - Autoradiography provides a powerful tool whereby an investigator can study different aspects of hallucinogens in the laboratory and the clinic. Receptor autoradiography can be performed in vitro to map binding sites of hallucinogens or to assess potential neurotoxic sequelae of hallucinogen treatments. Similarly, such studies can be performed in vivo to the same end. Receptor autoradiography can be performed in a clinical setting using PET to study acute dynamic binding properties of hallucinogens in humans or for long-term followup studies. In vivo autoradiography of metabolic markers appears useful in the laboratory and potentially in the clinic to help researchers understand not only where, but also the manner in which, the brain responds functionally to hallucinogens. JF - NIDA research monograph AU - Appel, N M AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 214 EP - 240 VL - 146 SN - 1046-9516, 1046-9516 KW - Hallucinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Brain Chemistry -- drug effects KW - Hallucinogens -- pharmacology KW - Autoradiography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77122568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.atitle=Autoradiographic+approaches+to+studying+hallucinogens+or+other+drugs.&rft.au=Appel%2C+N+M&rft.aulast=Appel&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=&rft.spage=214&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.issn=10469516&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1996-10-25 N1 - Date created - 1996-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Manual of food quality control. 16. Radionuclides in food. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. AN - 77112141; 7641869 JF - FAO food and nutrition paper AU - Baratta, E J Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 127 VL - 14 IS - 16 KW - Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Quality Control KW - Italy KW - Radiation Protection -- standards KW - Food Contamination, Radioactive -- analysis KW - United Nations KW - Radioisotopes -- analysis KW - Manuals as Topic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77112141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=FAO+food+and+nutrition+paper&rft.atitle=Manual+of+food+quality+control.+16.+Radionuclides+in+food.+Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations.&rft.au=Baratta%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Baratta&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FAO+food+and+nutrition+paper&rft.issn=02544725&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1995-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychotherapeutic Medications Development Program (PMDP) Workshop on NMDA Receptor Antagonists: neurotoxicity evaluation. Introduction. AN - 77097764; 7770616 JF - Psychopharmacology bulletin AU - Leber, P AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 527 EP - 532 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0048-5764, 0048-5764 KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77097764?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+and+Drug+Analysis&rft.atitle=New+vaccine+technologies%2C+adjuvants+and+delivery+system&rft.au=Lee%2C+Chi-Jen%3BKoizumi%2C+M%3BKosaka%2C+T&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Chi-Jen&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+and+Drug+Analysis&rft.issn=10219498&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute behavioral toxicity of MK-801 and phencyclidine: effects on rhesus monkey performance in an operant test battery. AN - 77097549; 7770627 AB - Monkey performance of operant tasks was used to model several brain functions and monitor the acute effects of MK-801 and phencyclidine (PCP). MK-801 is a relatively selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, while PCP is an NMDA antagonist that is also active at sigma opiate receptors. A comparison of these drugs' effects may indicate the relative importance of certain neurotransmitter receptor systems for specific behaviors. Learning and time perception behaviors are more sensitive (affected at lower doses) to the disruptive effects of MK-801 than are behaviors that model short-term memory, motivation, and color and position discrimination. Such selective disruption was not obtained for PCP: learning, short-term memory and attention, time perception, and motivation tasks are all equally sensitive to disruption. These findings suggest that specific brain functions are differentially affected by modulation of the NMDA and sigma opiate systems. JF - Psychopharmacology bulletin AU - Paule, M G AD - Behavioral Toxicology Laboratory, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 613 EP - 621 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0048-5764, 0048-5764 KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - Phencyclidine KW - J1DOI7UV76 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Male KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Phencyclidine -- toxicity KW - Psychomotor Performance -- drug effects KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/77097549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology+bulletin&rft.atitle=Acute+behavioral+toxicity+of+MK-801+and+phencyclidine%3A+effects+on+rhesus+monkey+performance+in+an+operant+test+battery.&rft.au=Paule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology+bulletin&rft.issn=00485764&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-07-06 N1 - Date created - 1995-07-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile organic compounds in the blood of persons in Kuwait during the oil fires. AN - 76911717; 7806395 AB - Between March and November of 1991, approximately 9000 workers from 43 different countries battled the burning oil wells in Kuwait. To document the exposure of persons in Kuwait during the oil well fires to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), we obtained samples of blood from 14 U.S. personnel in Kuwait City in May of 1991 (group I) and 40 American firefighters working in the oil fields in October of 1991 (group II). Concentrations of VOCs in group I and group II were compared with those of a random sample of 114 persons in the United States (reference group). The median concentrations of VOCs in group I were equal to or lower than those in the reference group. We found significant differences between the median concentrations of several VOCs in group II and the reference group. Median levels of ethylbenzene were about 10 times higher among group II than among the reference group (0.53 microgram/l vs 0.052 microgram/l). Median levels of benzene, m-/p-xylene, o-xylene, styrene, and toluene among group II were more than double those of the reference group. Although firefighters had higher median concentrations of VOCs than the reference group, those American personnel in Kuwait not involved in fighting the oil fires had concentrations of VOCs comparable to those in the reference group. Blood VOC measurements indicate a significant increase in exposure to VOCs in firefighters, but do not demonstrate this in personnel in Kuwait City. JF - International archives of occupational and environmental health AU - Etzel, R A AU - Ashley, D L AD - National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 125 EP - 129 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 0340-0131, 0340-0131 KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Smoke KW - Styrenes KW - Xylenes KW - Toluene KW - 3FPU23BG52 KW - Styrene KW - 44LJ2U959V KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - ethylbenzene KW - L5I45M5G0O KW - Index Medicus KW - Warfare KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Xylenes -- blood KW - Toluene -- blood KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Styrenes -- blood KW - Middle Aged KW - Kuwait KW - Male KW - Female KW - Fires KW - Benzene -- analysis KW - Industrial Oils KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Benzene Derivatives -- blood KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76911717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Volatile+organic+compounds+in+the+blood+of+persons+in+Kuwait+during+the+oil+fires.&rft.au=Etzel%2C+R+A%3BAshley%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Etzel&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+archives+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-31 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA adducts of nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. AN - 76910421; 7806315 JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Beland, F A AU - Marques, M M AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 229 EP - 244 IS - 125 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Mutagens KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - DNA Adducts -- biosynthesis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Nitro Compounds -- metabolism KW - Environmental Pollutants -- pharmacokinetics KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Nitro Compounds -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Nitro Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76910421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=DNA+adducts+of+nitropolycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons.&rft.au=Beland%2C+F+A%3BMarques%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=125&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA adducts of carcinogenic aromatic amines. AN - 76910070; 7806313 JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Office of Research (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 199 EP - 216 IS - 125 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - DNA Adducts -- biosynthesis KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - DNA Adducts -- chemistry KW - Amines -- toxicity KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Amines -- metabolism KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76910070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=DNA+adducts+of+carcinogenic+aromatic+amines.&rft.au=Kadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Kadlubar&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=125&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the protective effects of desferrioxamine and ICRF-187 against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AN - 76876966; 7987999 AB - Since the iron-mediated formation of free radicals is considered to be a critical factor in the pathogenesis of the toxicity of doxorubicin (DXR), comparisons were made of the protective effects of two iron chelators, ICRF-187 and desferrioxamine (DFO), against the chronic cardiac and renal toxicity induced by DXR in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Two preparations of DFO were studied: DFO mesylate (DFO-M) and a polymeric form (DFO-P) in which DFO is conjugated to hydroxyethyl starch. Groups of 5 SHR each were given 12 weekly i.v. injections of 1 mg/kg DXR either alone or 30 min after the i.p. injection of 25 mg/kg ICRF-187, 50 mg/kg DFO-M, 50 mg/kg DFO-P, or 100 mg/kg DFO-P. A semiquantitative assessment was made of the cardiomyopathy (Billingham scale) and nephropathy. Renal protection was minimal with DFO-M and moderate with ICRF-187 and both doses of DFO-P. There was no cardiac protection with DFO-M. Both doses of DFO-P provided similar but modest degrees of cardiac protection. DXR-induced mortality was not prevented by either preparation of DFO. ICRF-187 provided a higher degree of protection against the cardiotoxicity and the mortality induced by DXR. Since both DFO and ICRF-187 are highly efficient chelators of iron in vitro, the differences in their in vivo protective effects are thought to be related to their cellular uptake and intracellular distribution and to the relative availability of different intracellular iron pools to these agents. JF - Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology AU - Herman, E H AU - Zhang, J AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Division of Research and Testing, Food and Drug Administration (HFD-472), Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 93 EP - 100 VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0344-5704, 0344-5704 KW - Razoxane KW - 5AR83PR647 KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Deferoxamine KW - J06Y7MXW4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Kidney Diseases -- pathology KW - Animals KW - Heart Rate -- drug effects KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Kidney Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Razoxane -- therapeutic use KW - Cardiomyopathies -- pathology KW - Doxorubicin -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Cardiomyopathies -- prevention & control KW - Doxorubicin -- toxicity KW - Deferoxamine -- therapeutic use KW - Cardiomyopathies -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76876966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+protective+effects+of+desferrioxamine+and+ICRF-187+against+doxorubicin-induced+toxicity+in+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats.&rft.au=Herman%2C+E+H%3BZhang%2C+J%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.issn=03445704&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1995-01-10 N1 - Date created - 1995-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) modulates the mutagenic effects produced by an alkylating agent in vivo. AN - 76805736; 7957125 AB - Recent reports suggest that ascorbic acid (vitamin C) inhibits tumorigenesis as well as exerts a protective effect against mutagenesis in vitro; however, there is no information on its ability to affect gene mutations induced in vivo. In this study, we have investigated the antimutagenic effects of ascorbic acid on the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant (6-TGr) T-lymphocytes produced in Fischer 344 rats dosed with the direct-acting alkylating agent, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). The frequency of 6-TGr T-lymphocytes from the spleen measured five weeks after ENU treatment indicated that ENU produced a substantial mutagenic response. Pretreatment and/or post-treatment of rats with ascorbic acid administered in the drinking water appeared to inhibit the response, but the inhibition was statistically significant only when data from the various dosing schedules were pooled. In addition, there was no clear dose-dependency to the inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid. To further evaluate the time effects of the vitamin supplement on ENU mutagenicity, rats were exposed to the mutagen together with ascorbic acid, which was given continuously for the entire duration of the experiment. At specific times after ENU treatment, the frequency of 6-TGr T-cells was determined in lymphocytes isolated from the spleen and the thymus. Time-dependent increases in the frequency of 6-TGr T-cells were observed with ENU treatment; ascorbic acid significantly reduced the ENU-mediated mutagenic responses, most dramatically in the spleen at weeks 6 and 8 (P < 0.0001), and to a lesser extent in the thymus (P < 0.01 at week 6 and P < 0.006 at week 8). Our data suggest that ascorbic acid intake affects the in vivo mutagenicity of ENU, a direct-acting mutagen/carcinogen, and that the reported inhibitory effects of the antioxidant on carcinogenesis may be partially mediated by its effects on mutagenesis. Although it is difficult to extrapolate from rodent studies to humans, the results presented suggest an explanation for epidemiological data that link vitamin C ingestion with decreased cancer risk. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Aidoo, A AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Lensing, S AU - Wamer, W AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 220 EP - 228 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Thioguanine KW - FTK8U1GZNX KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Thymus Gland -- cytology KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Thymus Gland -- drug effects KW - Thioguanine -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Mutagenesis -- drug effects KW - Ascorbic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Mutagenesis -- genetics KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76805736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Ascorbic+acid+%28vitamin+C%29+modulates+the+mutagenic+effects+produced+by+an+alkylating+agent+in+vivo.&rft.au=Aidoo%2C+A%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BLensing%2C+S%3BWamer%2C+W&rft.aulast=Aidoo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-12-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Principles of developmental neurotoxicology. AN - 76722274; 8090351 AB - With 4-8 percent of U.S. children exhibiting anatomical and/or functional deficits, and the occurrence of several tragic clinical syndromes resulting from developmental exposure to such agents as ethanol, lead and methylmercury, there is good reason to focus attention on the principles of developmental neurotoxicology. Various animal models have been used to confirm the developmental neurotoxicity that results from exposure to these agents, and along with clinical evidence, have implicated several other chemical classes such as antimitotics, insecticides, polyhalogenated hydrocarbons, psychoactive drugs, solvents and vitamins as specific agents with developmental neurotoxic potential. As for developmental toxicity in general, the nature and extent of neurotoxic effects are often dependent on the timing of exposure, and because stages of nervous system development can vary significantly between species in relation to the time of birth, variations in neurotoxic outcome across species are expected. There are several instances in which functional alterations (e.g., neuromotor development, locomotor activity, reactivity and/or habituation, learning and memory and sensory system modulation) have been observed at doses below those needed to produce other indicators of developmental toxicity. Neuroanatomical/neurohistological, neurochemical and neurophysiological endpoints have been used to substantiate these functional deficits and/or to describe adverse nervous system effects in the absence of functional data. As knowledge about the toxicological mechanisms underlying the expression of developmental neurotoxicity is increased, the ability to conduct quantitative risk assessments and protect human health will be enhanced. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Slikker, W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 11 EP - 16 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Nervous System Diseases -- congenital KW - Nervous System -- growth & development KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Toxicology KW - Neurology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76722274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Principles+of+developmental+neurotoxicology.&rft.au=Slikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-17 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction of citrinin and ochratoxin A. AN - 76721617; 8087432 AB - The mycotoxins citrinin and ochratoxin A are produced in common by some molds and have been found together in a number of foods and animal feeds. We used in vitro tests to determine if the same effects are produced by these two mycotoxins when they act both independently and together. Renal cortical cubes prepared from kidneys of young adult Hormel-Hanford miniature swine were cultured in the presence or absence of the toxins for 1 h at 37 degrees C. The concentration of the toxins both singly and in combination ranged from 10(-6) to 10(-3) M. The tissues were incubated, removed, rinsed, and reincubated to measure transport of either tetraethylammonium (TEA) or paraminohippurate (PAH) ions and protein synthesis, using 3H-leucine. The transport data were analyzed by a recently developed logistic function test to ascertain whether the effects were additive, synergistic, or antagonistic. The significance of deviation was tested after a potency multiplier was added to the mixture. Data for three of the five experiments measuring TEA transport indicated a synergistic effect; for the other two, the results were not significantly different from additivity. The same was true for PAH transport. For protein synthesis, one experiment showed synergism; for the other, nonadditivity was not significant. None of the measurements showed antagonism between the two toxins. As with several other systems, tests of biochemical effects showed that administration of citrinin and ochratoxin A together did not elicit either consistent or strong synergistic responses. JF - Natural toxins AU - Braunberg, R C AU - Barton, C N AU - Gantt, O O AU - Friedman, L AD - Division of Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 124 EP - 131 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1056-9014, 1056-9014 KW - Ochratoxins KW - 0 KW - Potassium Channel Blockers KW - Tetraethylammonium Compounds KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - Citrinin KW - 3S697X6SNZ KW - Tetraethylammonium KW - 66-40-0 KW - p-Aminohippuric Acid KW - Y79XT83BJ9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Culture Techniques KW - Ion Transport -- drug effects KW - Tetraethylammonium Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - p-Aminohippuric Acid -- pharmacokinetics KW - Swine, Miniature KW - Male KW - Citrinin -- toxicity KW - Kidney Cortex -- drug effects KW - Ochratoxins -- toxicity KW - Kidney Cortex -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76721617?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Natural+toxins&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+citrinin+and+ochratoxin+A.&rft.au=Braunberg%2C+R+C%3BBarton%2C+C+N%3BGantt%2C+O+O%3BFriedman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Braunberg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Natural+toxins&rft.issn=10569014&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-18 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory aspects of modifications to innovator bronchodilator metered dose inhalers and development of generic substitutes. AN - 76719122; 10147277 AB - Regulatory requirements for modifications to an approved innovator metered dose inhaler (pressurized MDI; USP nomenclature: inhalation aerosol) and for development of a new generic product are discussed. Although many of the requirements apply generally to MDI's, they are discussed with specific reference to albuterol. Changes to the container and closure system may impact on the dosimetry of the redesigned product, as well as upon toxicologic and chemistry, manufacturing and controls (CMC) concerns. Changes to the formulation, including the use of alternate propellants, may raise issues requiring both clinical and in vivo performance evaluation. In view of the level of interest of a number of firms in approval requirements for generic Albuterol Inhalation Aerosol products, the article discusses in considerable detail the CMC and bioequivalence requirements for a generic product. Similarities in the CMC requirements for innovator and generic products are evident. Three comparative in vivo bioequivalence tests, particle size distribution, spray pattern and plume geometry, and unit spray content, established by the Division of Bioequivalence are discussed. Similarities and differences in the in vivo requirements for innovator and generic products are evident. Differences are the result of U.S. statute, which requires safety and efficacy testing for a product approved under a new drug application (NDA), but documentation of bioequivalence for a product approved under an abbreviated new drug application (ANDA). The advantages and disadvantages of three pharmacodynamic study designs which have potential usefulness for documentation of in vivo bioequivalence are discussed. JF - Journal of aerosol medicine : the official journal of the International Society for Aerosols in Medicine AU - Adams, W P AU - Poochikian, G AU - Taylor, A S AU - Patel, R M AU - Burke, G P AU - Williams, R L AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20855. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 119 EP - 134 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0894-2684, 0894-2684 KW - Bronchodilator Agents KW - 0 KW - Drugs, Generic KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Therapeutic Equivalency KW - Equipment Design KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Lung Diseases, Obstructive -- drug therapy KW - Bronchodilator Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Bronchodilator Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Nebulizers and Vaporizers -- standards KW - Bronchodilator Agents -- chemical synthesis KW - Bronchodilator Agents -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76719122?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+aerosol+medicine+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Aerosols+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Regulatory+aspects+of+modifications+to+innovator+bronchodilator+metered+dose+inhalers+and+development+of+generic+substitutes.&rft.au=Adams%2C+W+P%3BPoochikian%2C+G%3BTaylor%2C+A+S%3BPatel%2C+R+M%3BBurke%2C+G+P%3BWilliams%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+aerosol+medicine+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Aerosols+in+Medicine&rft.issn=08942684&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1994-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biochemical individuality and its implications for drug and carcinogen metabolism: recent insights from acetyltransferase and cytochrome P4501A2 phenotyping and genotyping in humans. AN - 76705300; 8082575 JF - Drug metabolism reviews AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Office of Research (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 37 EP - 46 VL - 26 IS - 1-2 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Acetyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Genotype KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Acetyltransferases -- chemistry KW - Oxidoreductases -- genetics KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Acetyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Oxidoreductases -- chemistry KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- chemistry KW - Amines -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Acetyltransferases -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76705300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.atitle=Biochemical+individuality+and+its+implications+for+drug+and+carcinogen+metabolism%3A+recent+insights+from+acetyltransferase+and+cytochrome+P4501A2+phenotyping+and+genotyping+in+humans.&rft.au=Kadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Kadlubar&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancement of acute myocardial lesions by asthma drugs in rats. AN - 76684064; 7915431 AB - Asthma morbidity and mortality have risen significantly in the last 10 years. The reasons for the increase are multifactorial. One proposed explanation is possible myocardial toxicity arising from the use of beta-agonists alone or in combination with methylxanthines. Previous studies have shown that beta-agonists given alone and beta-agonist/methylxanthine combinations given at higher than recommended clinical doses induced dose-related cardiotoxicity and sudden death in rats. The objective of the present study was to determine whether or not beta-agonists given alone and in combination with methylxanthines at recommended clinical doses also induce cardiotoxicity and sudden death in rats. The beta-agonists, isoproterenol hydrochloride (15 micrograms/kg), fenoterol hydrobromide (40 micrograms/kg), and terbutaline hemisulfate (0.4 mg/kg) were given in single sc doses separately and concurrently with the methylxanthines aminophylline hydrate (20 mg/kg) and caffeine (40 mg/kg), which were given up to a susceptible animal model, the heavy Sprague-Dawley rat. beta-agonist-induced myocardial toxicity (necrosis) was observed. The toxicity was enhanced by aminophylline resulting in the sudden death (most likely due to ventricular fibrillation) of some animals. A decrease in serum iron levels was observed in rats of all beta-agonist and/or methylxanthine-treated groups. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Whitehurst, V E AU - Joseph, X AU - Alleva, F R AU - Vick, J A AU - Whittaker, P AU - Zhang, J AU - Fry, B E AU - Balazs, T AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204. PY - 1994 SP - 72 EP - 76 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Xanthines KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Prednisone KW - VB0R961HZT KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- toxicity KW - Iron -- blood KW - Necrosis -- pathology KW - Death, Sudden, Cardiac -- pathology KW - Prednisone -- toxicity KW - Rats KW - Xanthines -- toxicity KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Male KW - Asthma -- drug therapy KW - Cardiomyopathies -- pathology KW - Cardiomyopathies -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76684064?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Enhancement+of+acute+myocardial+lesions+by+asthma+drugs+in+rats.&rft.au=Whitehurst%2C+V+E%3BJoseph%2C+X%3BAlleva%2C+F+R%3BVick%2C+J+A%3BWhittaker%2C+P%3BZhang%2C+J%3BFry%2C+B+E%3BBalazs%2C+T&rft.aulast=Whitehurst&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-26 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antitransforming activity of chlorophyllin against selected carcinogens and complex mixtures. AN - 76673218; 8066549 AB - Chlorophyllin, a derivative of chlorophyll, is known to be an antimutagenic agent. Studies were performed to determine whether chlorophyllin can also inhibit morphological transformation of BALB/3T3 cells induced by carcinogens and complex mixtures. Chlorophyllin was added to the cultures simultaneously with carcinogens or complex mixtures while the transformation assay was conducted. At concentrations that did not significantly affect cell growth, chlorophyllin was found to inhibit morphological transformation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 3-methylcholanthrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, aflatoxin B1, and extracts of coal dust, tobacco snuff, and chewing tobacco. In all cases, the mean number of transformed foci per flask treated with chlorophyllin was significantly lower than that of untreated cultures. The reduction in the number of transformed foci was dependent on the concentration of chlorophyllin tested. These results indicate that chlorophyllin is an antitransforming agent. JF - Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis AU - Wu, Z L AU - Chen, J K AU - Ong, T AU - Brockman, H E AU - Whong, W Z AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 75 EP - 81 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Antimutagenic Agents KW - Chlorophyllides KW - chlorophyllin KW - 1D276TYV9O KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Antimutagenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Chlorophyllides -- pharmacology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76673218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Antitransforming+activity+of+chlorophyllin+against+selected+carcinogens+and+complex+mixtures.&rft.au=Wu%2C+Z+L%3BChen%2C+J+K%3BOng%2C+T%3BBrockman%2C+H+E%3BWhong%2C+W+Z&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-22 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiologic research on the etiology of injuries at work. AN - 76634991; 8054082 JF - Annual review of public health AU - Veazie, M A AU - Landen, D D AU - Bender, T R AU - Amandus, H E AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 203 EP - 221 VL - 15 SN - 0163-7525, 0163-7525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Forecasting KW - Research KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Research Design KW - Recurrence KW - Injury Severity Score KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76634991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+review+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Epidemiologic+research+on+the+etiology+of+injuries+at+work.&rft.au=Veazie%2C+M+A%3BLanden%2C+D+D%3BBender%2C+T+R%3BAmandus%2C+H+E&rft.aulast=Veazie&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annual+review+of+public+health&rft.issn=01637525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The protective but nonsynergistic effect of dietary beta-carotene and vitamin E on skin tumorigenesis in Skh mice. AN - 76483476; 8183718 AB - Various epidemiological and experimental studies have indicated that beta-carotene and vitamin E protect against a variety of cancers. This investigation determined whether a synergistic protective effect could be observed against chemically induced skin tumorigenesis in Skh mice by combining these two antioxidants in the diet. Forty-five mice were used in each of four diet groups. Control animals were fed standard mouse chow. Three other groups received the chow supplemented with one of the following: 0.5% beta-carotene, 0.12% vitamin E (added as d-alpha-tocopheryl succinate), or 0.5% beta-carotene + 0.12% vitamin E. Mice were topically treated with a single application of the initiator 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and promoted with multiple applications of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Mice were observed for tumors each week for 27 weeks after initiation. The protective effect of each diet was determined by the decrease in the number of skin tumors in supplemented diet groups compared with that of the control diet group. Decreases in the number of cumulative tumors at Week 27 were 32% for beta-carotene-, 25% for vitamin E-, and 21% for beta-carotene+vitamin E-supplemented diet groups. However, differences in the number of tumors among the three groups supplemented with beta-carotene and/or vitamin E were not statistically significant. Thus, although protection was provided by the individual supplements, there was no synergistic effect for a decrease in the number of chemically induced skin tumors by the simultaneous dietary administration of beta-carotene and vitamin E. JF - Nutrition and cancer AU - Lambert, L A AU - Wamer, W G AU - Wei, R R AU - Lavu, S AU - Chirtel, S J AU - Kornhauser, A AD - Cosmetics Toxicology Branch, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0163-5581, 0163-5581 KW - Trace Elements KW - 0 KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Carotenoids KW - 36-88-4 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Prospective Studies KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Mice, Hairless KW - Trace Elements -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Skin Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Food, Fortified KW - Vitamin E -- metabolism KW - Vitamin E -- pharmacology KW - Skin Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Carotenoids -- pharmacology KW - Carotenoids -- metabolism KW - Skin Neoplasms -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76483476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+and+cancer&rft.atitle=The+protective+but+nonsynergistic+effect+of+dietary+beta-carotene+and+vitamin+E+on+skin+tumorigenesis+in+Skh+mice.&rft.au=Lambert%2C+L+A%3BWamer%2C+W+G%3BWei%2C+R+R%3BLavu%2C+S%3BChirtel%2C+S+J%3BKornhauser%2C+A&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+and+cancer&rft.issn=01635581&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions in developmental toxicology: a literature review and terminology proposal. AN - 76475749; 8171395 AB - Developmental toxicologists have investigated the interactive effects from concurrent exposures to a variety of chemical and physical agents, including therapeutic drugs, industrial agents, and some biological organisms or their toxins. Of approximately 160 reports of concurrent exposures reviewed in this paper, about one third report no interactive effects (including additive effects--usually referring to response--as opposed to dose-additivity); another one third report antagonistic effects, and the final third report potentiative or synergistic effects. The quality of the studies is highly variable. Frequently, only small numbers of animals were included, and very few dose levels were evaluated. Maternal toxicity was rarely discussed. Time-effect relationships were examined infrequently. In addition, these studies are also inconsistent in the use of terms to describe interactive effects, and more than 90% of the terms were not in harmony with currently accepted definitions in toxicology. Because interaction studies will continue to be important in the future, this paper proposes uniform usage of terms for additivity and interactions in developmental toxicology: additivity (the combined effect of two or more developmental toxicants approximates the sum of the effects of the agents administered separately); antagonism (the combined effect of two or more agents, one or more of which are present at doses that would be developmentally toxic if given individually, is significantly less than the sum of the effects of the agents administered separately); potentiation (the increased effect of a developmental toxicant by concurrent action of another agent at a dose that is not developmentally toxic); synergism (the combined effect of two or more developmental toxicants is significantly greater than the sum of the effects of each agent administered alone); and, interaction if more precise terminology does not apply. JF - Teratology AU - Nelson, B K AD - Centers of Disease Control, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 33 EP - 71 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Terminology as Topic KW - Teratogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76475749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Interactions+in+developmental+toxicology%3A+a+literature+review+and+terminology+proposal.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+B+K&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Teratology. 1994 Aug;50(2):99 [7801307] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved method for purification of viral RNA from fecal specimens for rotavirus detection. AN - 76468476; 8175943 AB - An improved procedure to recover and purify double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from fecal specimens is described. Guanidine isothiocyanate, hydroxyapatite, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide were used to extract and purify rotavirus dsRNA from fecal specimens. The method is very efficient and easy to perform, and precludes the use of toxic substances such as phenol, chloroform, and Freon. It yields RNA free of enzymatic inhibitors, permitting its detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. In addition, it was demonstrated that during initial clarification of the fecal suspension, the pellet must be washed at least twice to avoid massive losses of virus, viral protein, or viral nucleic acid retained in the solid debris. JF - Journal of virological methods AU - Santos, N AU - Gouvea, V AD - Division of Molecular Biological Research and Evaluation, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 11 EP - 21 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Cetrimonium Compounds KW - 0 KW - Guanidines KW - Isothiocyanates KW - RNA, Double-Stranded KW - RNA, Viral KW - guanidine isothiocyanate KW - Durapatite KW - 91D9GV0Z28 KW - cetrimonium KW - Z7FF1XKL7A KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Humans KW - Specimen Handling KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Chemical Precipitation KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - RNA, Double-Stranded -- isolation & purification KW - Rotavirus -- isolation & purification KW - Rotavirus Infections -- diagnosis KW - Rotavirus Infections -- microbiology KW - Diarrhea -- microbiology KW - RNA, Viral -- isolation & purification KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Diarrhea -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76468476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virological+methods&rft.atitle=Improved+method+for+purification+of+viral+RNA+from+fecal+specimens+for+rotavirus+detection.&rft.au=Santos%2C+N%3BGouvea%2C+V&rft.aulast=Santos&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virological+methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of beam-hardening and K-edge filters for imaging barium and iodine during fluoroscopy. AN - 76462103; 8164575 AB - This study investigated the dose reduction performance of several beam-hardening and K-edge filter materials for the imaging of barium or iodine during fluoroscopy. A computer model was developed to simulate the effect of added filtration on entrance exposure rate (Xp), integral dose rate (Di), contrast (C), signal to noise ratio (SNR), imaging performance per dose (SNR2/Di), and tube load. The model incorporated the response characteristics, in both manual and automatic control modes of operation, of fluoroscopic systems to increasing or decreasing x-ray intensity at the input of the image intensifier. Input parameters to the computer model included choice of filter material and thickness, a barium or iodine test object, tube potential, phantom thickness, a CsI input phosphor, and a set of algorithms for controlling the fluoroscopic system. In all cases, the performance of systems with added filtration was judged with respect to a reference system operating under comparable conditions. In general, either beam-hardening or K-edge filters provided a significant reduction in entrance exposure and integral dose rates, but with an attendant increase in tube load. For a fluoroscopic system constrained to follow a representative automatic brightness control algorithm, added filtration provided a reduction in entrance exposure and integral dose rates for all phantom or uniformly distributed barium thickness. However, the imaging performance per dose, in some cases, decreased rapidly and was less than that of the reference system at large thicknesses. Only as change in the algorithm controlling the kVcp and mA operating points on the fluoroscopic system provided an imaging performance per dose greater than the reference system's at large thicknesses. The practical implementation of adding filtration to fluoroscopic systems is most simply accomplished with beam-hardening filters rather than K-edge filters. However, the systems with K-edge added filtration can provide slightly better performance when used over a limited range of phantom thicknesses such as the range normally associated with pediatric patients. JF - Medical physics AU - Gagne, R M AU - Quinn, P W AU - Jennings, R J AD - Office of Science and Technology, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 107 EP - 121 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0094-2405, 0094-2405 KW - Barium KW - 24GP945V5T KW - Iodine KW - 9679TC07X4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Models, Structural KW - Computer Simulation KW - Humans KW - Filtration -- instrumentation KW - Algorithms KW - Biophysical Phenomena KW - Biophysics KW - Fluoroscopy -- instrumentation KW - Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76462103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+physics&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+beam-hardening+and+K-edge+filters+for+imaging+barium+and+iodine+during+fluoroscopy.&rft.au=Gagne%2C+R+M%3BQuinn%2C+P+W%3BJennings%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Gagne&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+physics&rft.issn=00942405&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-26 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-16 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategies for the simultaneous collection of vapours and aerosols with emphasis on isocyanate sampling. AN - 76429272; 8154600 AB - Workplace air frequently contains hazardous substances that may be present as vapours or as aerosols with a wide range of particle sizes. Depending upon a chemical species' volatility and use, it may be present in significant amounts in both the vapour and particulate phases. Unfortunately, the mechanisms by which vapours and particles are removed from an air stream during pumped sampling are substantially different. Collection of vapour molecules relies on their diffusion to a surface during their residence time in a sampler. Once in contact with a surface, vapour molecules are trapped either by adsorption onto a solid surface, absorption by a liquid, or by reaction with the medium or chemicals in the medium. Aerosol particles are most frequently collected by filtration or inertial impaction. However, if it is necessary to collect both phases simultaneously, a sampler with two stages is generally required. The exact nature of the sampler depends upon the size of the aerosol particles and the physical and chemical characteristics of the species of interest. A number of recent projects undertaken by researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health have dealt with development of sampling and analytical methods for compounds present in workplace air as both vapour and aerosol particles. One strategy invoked in several instances consisted of a filter for particle collection followed by an appropriate second stage for vapour collection. For organophosphorus pesticides, the second stage was a sorbent tube. For gaseous hydrogen fluoride, it was an alkaline-impregnated back-up pad. For formaldehyde, the second stage was an impinger containing an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogensulfite.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - The Analyst AU - Streicher, R P AU - Kennedy, E R AU - Lorberau, C D AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 89 EP - 97 VL - 119 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2654, 0003-2654 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Gases KW - Isocyanates KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Humans KW - Aerosols -- analysis KW - Isocyanates -- analysis KW - Gases -- analysis KW - Air -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76429272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Analyst&rft.atitle=Strategies+for+the+simultaneous+collection+of+vapours+and+aerosols+with+emphasis+on+isocyanate+sampling.&rft.au=Streicher%2C+R+P%3BKennedy%2C+E+R%3BLorberau%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Streicher&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Analyst&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct-reading instruments for aerosols. A review. AN - 76429230; 8154598 AB - Direct-reading instruments for aerosols have not had the popularity within the industrial hygiene community that similar instruments for gases and vapours have enjoyed. There are several reasons for this: aerosols have complex properties that are difficult to characterize with a single measurement, commercial instruments often do not provide an accurate measure of a useful aerosol property and aerosol instruments are relatively expensive for industrial hygiene use. A variety of instruments are commercially available and are briefly reviewed. Two general classes of instruments used for industrial hygiene measurements are covered: field instruments and research instruments. The International Symposium on Air Sampling Instrument Performance held in Research Triangle Park, NC, USA, in October, 1991 included a workshop on direct-reading aerosol instruments that produced several recommendations to advance the state of the art. The two primary recommendations approved by the symposium attendees were to develop voluntary consensus standards for aerosol mass measuring instruments and optical particle counters and to develop an accurate, portable, direct-reading aerosol mass monitor. Some progress is being made on the latter recommendation through a project supported by the US Bureau of Mines. Other instruments have found specific application in industrial hygiene measurements. A miniaturized condensation nucleus counter is being used to estimate fit factors for respirators. A fibre monitor is used for monitoring asbestos, especially in asbestos abatement operations. Optical particle counters are used for low-concentration aerosols, especially in clean rooms. Aerosol research instruments are being used to evaluate and improve field instrumentation, such as respirable, thoracic and inhalable samplers and cascade impactors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - The Analyst AU - Baron, P A AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 35 EP - 40 VL - 119 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2654, 0003-2654 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76429230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Analyst&rft.atitle=Direct-reading+instruments+for+aerosols.+A+review.&rft.au=Baron%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Analyst&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetics of 13-cis-, all-trans-, 13-cis-4-oxo-, and all-trans-4-oxo retinoic acid after intravenous administration in the cynomolgus monkey. AN - 76426092; 8149876 AB - The intravenous pharmacokinetics of 13-cis-, all-trans-, 13-cis-4-oxo, and all-trans-4-oxo retinoic acid (RA) were determined in nonpregnant female cynomolgus monkeys. All-trans- and 13-cis-RA were injected at two doses (0.25 or 0.0125 mg/kg) and all-trans-4-oxo RA and 13-cis-4-oxo RA at 0.25 mg/kg. Total body clearance, volume of distribution, and volume of distribution at steady state of all-trans-RA were dose-dependent with greater values at the lower dose. Elimination half-life was longer for the cis-compounds and not dose-dependent (N = 1 for 13-cis-4-oxo RA, N = 3 for other compounds, harmonic mean +/- pseudostandard deviation, min): 13-cis-4-oxo RA (837) > or = 13-cis-RA (301 +/- 204) > all-trans-RA (38 +/- 3) > all-trans-4-oxo RA (11 +/- 2). Secondary plasma peaks were noted only after administration of 13-cis-4-oxo RA. The low area under the time concentration curves for observable metabolites after intravenous injection of the oxidated compounds suggests further metabolism plays a minimal role in the elimination of these compounds from the monkey. Plasma-time concentration curves were fitted to multicompartmental models and suggested < 30% of each compound was available in the central compartment for elimination in the postdistribution phase. A comparison of the kinetics of the isomers indicated oxidation of all-trans-RA to all-trans-4-oxo RA increased mean total body clearance values 4-fold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals AU - Sandberg, J A AU - Eckhoff, C AU - Nau, H AU - Slikker, W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. PY - 1994 SP - 154 EP - 160 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - Tretinoin KW - 5688UTC01R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Macaca fascicularis KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Tretinoin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Tretinoin -- blood KW - Tretinoin -- administration & dosage KW - Tretinoin -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76426092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetics+of+13-cis-%2C+all-trans-%2C+13-cis-4-oxo-%2C+and+all-trans-4-oxo+retinoic+acid+after+intravenous+administration+in+the+cynomolgus+monkey.&rft.au=Sandberg%2C+J+A%3BEckhoff%2C+C%3BNau%2C+H%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Sandberg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutant alleles of tRNA(Thr) genes suppress the hisG46 missense mutation in Salmonella typhimurium. AN - 76421277; 8143705 AB - Extragenic suppressors of the hisG46 missense mutation were mapped to the 71 and 88 min regions of the Salmonella typhimurium chromosome, positions that in Escherichia coli contain the thrV (tRNA(Thr1)) and thrT (tRNA(Thr3)) genes, respectively. The suppressor loci were identified as mutant alleles of thrV and thrT, using allele-specific colony hybridization. An oligomer, based on the conserved 5' sequence of the thrT and thrV genes in E. coli and designed to contain the putative mutant anticodon, discriminated between suppressor-containing and wild-type strains. Similarly, probes specific for the thrV[SuGGG] and thrT[SuGGG] were used to differentiate the two suppressors. To date, all extragenic suppressors of hisG46 have been identified as either thrV[SuGGG] or thrT[SuGGG]. A near equal distribution of thrV[SuGGG] and thrT[SuGGG] suppressors was found among 29 spontaneous and 43 mutagen-induced hisG46 extragenic suppressor revertants. It was concluded, therefore, that mutant alleles of thrV and thrT are predominantly, if not solely, responsible for intergenic suppression of the hisG46 mutation. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Kupchella, E AU - Koch, W H AU - Cebula, T A AD - Molecular Biology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 81 EP - 88 VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Anticodon KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - RNA, Transfer, Thr KW - Histidine KW - 4QD397987E KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Base Sequence KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Alleles KW - Conserved Sequence KW - Transduction, Genetic KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Plasmids KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- metabolism KW - RNA, Transfer, Thr -- genetics KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Genes, Suppressor KW - Histidine -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76421277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Mutant+alleles+of+tRNA%28Thr%29+genes+suppress+the+hisG46+missense+mutation+in+Salmonella+typhimurium.&rft.au=Kupchella%2C+E%3BKoch%2C+W+H%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Kupchella&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food and animal sources of human Campylobacter jejuni infection. AN - 76392985; 8125823 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Altekruse, S F AU - Hunt, J M AU - Tollefson, L K AU - Madden, J M AD - Epidemiology Branch, FDA, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 57 EP - 61 VL - 204 IS - 1 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Cattle KW - Humans KW - Cats KW - Dogs KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Birds KW - Animals, Wild KW - Zoonoses KW - Food Microbiology KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Campylobacter Infections -- epidemiology KW - Disease Reservoirs KW - Campylobacter Infections -- prevention & control KW - Campylobacter Infections -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76392985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Food+and+animal+sources+of+human+Campylobacter+jejuni+infection.&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S+F%3BHunt%2C+J+M%3BTollefson%2C+L+K%3BMadden%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=204&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The impact of exercise and intersubject variability on dose estimates for dichloromethane derived from a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. AN - 76381159; 8125209 AB - Andersen et al. and Reitz et al. have developed physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for the human metabolism of methylene chloride (dichloromethane; DCM) and have advanced the hypothesis that the carcinogenicity of DCM is related to target organ metabolism of DCM by glutathione S-transferase (GST). The models included physiological parameters appropriate for humans at rest and metabolic parameters based on average rates of DCM metabolism. Increasing the model parameters describing cardiac output, alveolar ventilation, and blood flows to tissues from resting values to values consistent with light work conditions, and assuming a 25 ppm exposure for an 8-hr work day, increases the estimated GST-metabolized dose for human liver by a factor of 2.9 compared to the GST-metabolized does estimated of Reitz et al. These modifications also increase the GST-metabolized dose to the lung by 2.4-fold. If the model is also modified to reflect individual variation in DCM metabolism (in addition to the modifications for light work conditions), the estimated GST-metabolized dose for human liver ranges from 0 to as much as 5.4-fold greater than the dose estimated by Reitz et al. The GST-metabolized dose to the lung ranges from 0 to as much as 3.6-fold greater than the dose estimated by Reitz et al. These results indicate that some occupationally-exposed individuals may receive GST-metabolized doses several-fold greater than the Reitz et al. human dose estimates. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Dankovic, D A AU - Bailer, A J AD - Risk Assessment Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 20 EP - 25 VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Index Medicus KW - Adipose Tissue -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Models, Biological KW - Exercise -- physiology KW - Methylene Chloride -- pharmacokinetics KW - Methylene Chloride -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76381159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+exercise+and+intersubject+variability+on+dose+estimates+for+dichloromethane+derived+from+a+physiologically+based+pharmacokinetic+model.&rft.au=Dankovic%2C+D+A%3BBailer%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Dankovic&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=20&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance of hazardous substance releases and related health effects. AN - 76375571; 8117146 AB - The public health consequences of hazardous substance releases have not been characterized adequately. In response, therefore, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry implemented an active, state-based surveillance system. Information is collected with respect to the events, chemicals, victims, injuries, and evacuations. Five states reported 1,249 events during 1990 and 1991. Seventy-two percent of the events occurred at fixed facilities, and 28% of the events were transportation related. In 80% of the events, one chemical was released. The most frequently released chemicals were herbicides, acids, volatile organic compounds, and ammonias. In 204 events, 846 persons were injured and 7 died. Employees were injured more frequently than first responders or the general public. The most frequently reported injuries were respiratory irritation and eye irritation. Evacuations occurred in 14% of the events. These results provide information for preparedness planning and training of first responders and employees. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Hall, H I AU - Dhara, V R AU - Kaye, W E AU - Price-Green, P AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia. PY - 1994 SP - 45 EP - 48 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Computer Systems KW - Transportation KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Emergencies KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hazardous Substances -- classification KW - Hazardous Substances -- poisoning KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76375571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Surveillance+of+hazardous+substance+releases+and+related+health+effects.&rft.au=Hall%2C+H+I%3BDhara%2C+V+R%3BKaye%2C+W+E%3BPrice-Green%2C+P&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-29 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introducing MEDWatch. A new approach to reporting medication and device adverse effects and product problems. AN - 76341684; 8295131 JF - Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association AU - Kessler, D A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 35 EP - 38 VL - 84 IS - 1 SN - 8750-7315, 8750-7315 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76341684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Podiatric+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Introducing+MEDWatch.+A+new+approach+to+reporting+medication+and+device+adverse+effects+and+product+problems.&rft.au=Kessler%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Podiatric+Medical+Association&rft.issn=87507315&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 differentiates several classes of carcinogens and mutagens by base substitution specificity. AN - 76337690; 8293552 AB - The mutational specificity of N-methylnitrosourea (MNU), nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), sodium azide (NaN3), 4-nitroquinoline oxide (4NQO), benzo[a]pyrene (BP), nitrofurantoin (NF), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), adriamycin (ADM) and UVA-activated angelicin in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 has been examined using allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization and DNA sequence analyses. These ten mutagens produced five unique classes of reversion spectra, distinct from spontaneous, or the previously characterized 5-azacytidine, ultraviolet light (UV), 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA (PUVA) and 60Co-induced mutation spectra. For example, 90% of MNU and MNNG-induced mutations in strain TA100 revertants were G:C-->A:T transitions with the majority (82%) occurring in the first position of the CCC codon. In contrast, NaN3 preferentially induced G:C-->A:T transitions at the second codon position (78%). Although MMS, NQO, BP, NF, ADM and AFB1 induced primarily G:C-->T:A transversions (73-86%), these mutagens fall into two classes based on site preference: NF and AFB1 yielded almost exclusively position two transversions (69-78%) whereas ADM, NQO, BP and MMS exhibited a two-fold preference for site 2 over site 1 (on average 52% versus 22%). Angelicin photomutagenesis resulted in the recovery of G:C-->A:T and G:C-->T:A mutations at both codon positions in roughly equal proportions (approximately 20-25% each). Approximately 1% of the mutagen-induced revertants occurred via extragenic tRNA suppressor mutations, while 1% were multiple (usually tandem double) base substitutions. Ultraviolet mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that tandem base substitutions are promoted by pKM101-encoded mucAB gene products. A comparison of the mutagenic specificity derived for several carcinogens in hisG46 with the responses of several eukaryotic gene targets (e.g. HPRT, aprt, supF) revealed a high concordance between these targets. Thus, the Salmonella hisG46 locus provides a rapid, simple system for determining base substitution specificity and for studying mechanisms of mutagenesis. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Koch, W H AU - Henrikson, E N AU - Kupchella, E AU - Cebula, T A AD - Molecular Biology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 79 EP - 88 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - hisG46 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Mutagens KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Base Sequence KW - Alleles KW - Base Composition KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Nucleic Acid Hybridization KW - DNA, Bacterial -- drug effects KW - Mutation -- physiology KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutation -- genetics KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76337690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Salmonella+typhimurium+strain+TA100+differentiates+several+classes+of+carcinogens+and+mutagens+by+base+substitution+specificity.&rft.au=Koch%2C+W+H%3BHenrikson%2C+E+N%3BKupchella%2C+E%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - hisG46 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Case Study in Avoiding a Deadly Legacy in Developing Countries AN - 760216089; 13641595 AB - Abstract not available. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Lemen, Richard A AU - Bingham, Eula AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - Jan 1994 SP - 59 EP - 87 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 10 IS - 1-2 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Developing countries KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760216089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=A+Case+Study+in+Avoiding+a+Deadly+Legacy+in+Developing+Countries&rft.au=Lemen%2C+Richard+A%3BBingham%2C+Eula&rft.aulast=Lemen&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379401000105 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 201 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Developing countries DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379401000105 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Rural Issues in Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Treatment: Award for Excellence Papers. Technical Assistance Publication Series No. 10. AN - 62633029; ED389507 AB - This document consists of papers that received recognition in a competition sponsored by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment and the National Rural Institute on Alcohol and Drug Abuse. The competition sought to focus attention on problems in providing treatment and prevention services for drug and alcohol problems in rural areas. The papers address a wide array of issues and populations, from schoolchildren to alcohol-dependent adults to criminal offenders. The introductory paper entitled, "Bringing Excellence to Rural and Frontier America: Advocacy for Substance Abuse Services in the 1990s" (Susan L. Becker) suggests what local and state programs can do to help overcome the barriers that interfere with gaining support from policymakers. The first- and second-place award papers are respectively entitled "Adult and Adolescent Community Correctional Services Program" (William S. Tanner) and "The Upper Peninsula Teen Leadership Program: Marquette-Alger Intermediate School District" (Dee Lindenberger). Third-place award papers include: (1) "You Can't Get There from Here: The Choice/Skyward Experience" (Rachel Cyr Henderson, Susan F. Long); (2) "School Teacher's Role in a School-Community Alcohol Intervention Program" (Ian M. Newman and others); (3) "Challenges in Rurally Based Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment Services" (James A. Armstrong); (4) "Issues in Providing Alcohol and Drug Abuse Services in Rural/Frontier Counties of California" (Kenneth R. Fleming); (5) "Building Community-Based Abuse Prevention Coalitions" (Jim Meek); (6) "Cultural Diversity As a Positive Force in the Treatment of Native American Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse" (Anne Muldoon); (7) "Transitional Recovery" (Larry R. Seybold); and (8) "Project TEA: Iowa State Penitentiary Substance Abuse Program" (Robert E. Schneider and others). (LP) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 71 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Outreach Programs KW - Substance Abuse KW - Rural Education KW - Delivery Systems KW - Intervention KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Youth Programs KW - Rural Areas KW - Correctional Education KW - School Community Programs KW - Prevention KW - Policy Formation KW - Drug Education KW - Alcohol Education KW - Community Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62633029?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Publication also sponsored by the National Rural I N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Comprehensive Health Care Program for American Indians & Alaska Natives. AN - 62496253; ED414114 AB - This booklet summarizes programs of the Indian Health Service (IHS). The IHS was created in 1954 as part of the Public Health Service when responsibility for American Indian and Alaska Native health care was transferred from the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Indian Affairs to the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The goal of the IHS is to raise the health status of American Indians and Alaska Natives to the highest possible level. Since 1955 the average life expectancy for American Indians and Alaska Natives has risen 19%; mortality rate among Indians with tuberculosis has decreased 96%; and infant mortality rates have decreased 85%. These improved health numbers are the result of stronger central program supervision, more qualified staff, and an accelerated public health program, including establishment of public health clinics on all reservations. The booklet describes the following IHS programs: (1) health care programs (preventive health services, emergency medical services, environmental health and engineering services, pharmacy services, contract health services, health education program, community-based programs, alcoholism and substance abuse program, school-based programs, diabetes program, nutrition program, mental health program, community health representative program, dental program, laboratory program); (2) special health concerns and initiatives (AIDS, maternal and child health, otitis media, nursing, aging, health care database management system, physician services); (3) IHS career opportunities and training programs (IHS manpower program, advanced professional and specialty training, Commissioned Officer Student Training and Extern Program); and (4) paraprofessional training (community health aide training, mental health worker training, nutrition and dietetics training, optometric assistant training, dental assistant training). The 12 Area Offices of the IHS health care delivery system are also described. Includes photographs and a national map of IHS health facilities. (TSP) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 55 KW - Indian Health Service KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Health Programs KW - American Indian Reservations KW - Postsecondary Education KW - Delivery Systems KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Health Education KW - American Indians KW - Medical Education KW - Health Occupations KW - Tribes KW - Health Services KW - Allied Health Occupations Education KW - Public Health KW - Special Health Problems KW - Technical Education KW - Federal Indian Relationship KW - Alaska Natives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62496253?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Photographs may not reproduce adequately. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Organization and Availability of HIV-Related Services in Baltimore, Maryland and Oakland, California AN - 61605760; 199602378 AB - Mailed questionnaires & interview data collected in 1992 from health care organizations & acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) service organizations in Baltimore, MD, & Oakland, CA (N = 62 & 45, respectively) are used to assess: organization data; barriers to access; & satisfaction with service delivery, referral resources, & financial resources. Although the magnitude of the AIDS epidemic was similar in the 2 cities, 74% of the Oakland cases were homosexual or bisexual males & 63% were white; in Baltimore, proportions were 47% & 30%. Private, nonprofit, community-based organizations were more common in Oakland & hospital-affiliated providers were more common in Baltimore. The 2 cities had a common set of core functions, but they were proportioned differently, More than 50% of the respondents expressed little satisfaction with case management referral resources & indicated that special needs of children, women, & families were not being met. 5 Tables, 2 Figures. V. Wagener JF - AIDS & Public Policy Journal AU - Marconi, Katherine AU - Rundall, Thomas AU - Gentry, Daniel AU - Kwait, Jennafer AU - Celentano, David AU - Stolley, Paul AD - US Public Health Service, 5600 Fishers Ln Rockville MD 20857-0001 Y1 - 1994/01// PY - 1994 DA - January 1994 SP - 173 EP - 181 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0087-3852, 0087-3852 KW - acquired immune deficiency syndrome health care service organizations, Baltimore, Maryland vs Oakland, California KW - questionnaire, survey KW - California KW - Health Services KW - Baltimore, Maryland KW - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome KW - Delivery Systems KW - Social Services KW - article KW - 6126: social welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61605760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%26+Public+Policy+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Organization+and+Availability+of+HIV-Related+Services+in+Baltimore%2C+Maryland+and+Oakland%2C+California&rft.au=Marconi%2C+Katherine%3BRundall%2C+Thomas%3BGentry%2C+Daniel%3BKwait%2C+Jennafer%3BCelentano%2C+David%3BStolley%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Marconi&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%26+Public+Policy+Journal&rft.issn=00873852&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Health Services; Social Services; Delivery Systems; Baltimore, Maryland; California ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Mental health, United States, 1994 T2 - Dept. of Health and Human Services. DHHS pubn. no. (SMA)94-3000 AN - 59686711; 1995-0304120 AB - Statistical information on the mental health delivery system. Topics include reform and financing of mental health services, characteristics of persons using specialty inpatient, outpatient, and partial care programs, vocational rehabilitation, private psychiatric hospitals, and other issues. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1994. viii+192 pp. AU - Manderscheid, Ronald W AU - Sonnenschein, Mary Anne Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 EP - viii+192 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 016045378X KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Mental institutions -- United States -- Statistics KW - Social service, Psychiatric -- United States KW - Mentally ill -- Rehabilitation KW - Mentally ill -- United States -- Statistics KW - Mental health services -- United States KW - Mental illness -- United States -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59686711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Manderscheid%2C+Ronald+W%3BSonnenschein%2C+Mary+Anne&rft.aulast=Manderscheid&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=viii%2B192&rft.isbn=016045378X&rft.btitle=Mental+health%2C+United+States%2C+1994&rft.title=Mental+health%2C+United+States%2C+1994&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-045378-X) pa U.S. $13; elsewhere $16.25 N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - SuppNotes - 6th ed. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Betimleyici Model Açısından Bir İnceleme: İnce Memed ve Çevirileri; Memed Le Mince, Memed My Hawk AN - 54294278; 2001970399 JF - Çeviribilim ve Uygulamaları Dergisi/Journal of Translation Studies/Revue de Traduction et d'Interprétation AU - Barda, Zuhal PY - 1994 SP - 79 EP - 94 SN - 1301-4145, 1301-4145 KW - Turkish literature KW - 1900-1999 KW - Yaşar Kemal (1922-2015) KW - İnce Memed (1955) KW - novel KW - English language translation KW - French language translation KW - translation equivalence KW - Yasher Kemal KW - Kemal, Yachar KW - Gogceli, Yaşar Kemal KW - Yashar Kemal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/54294278?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amlaib&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%87eviribilim+ve+Uygulamalar%C4%B1+Dergisi%2FJournal+of+Translation+Studies%2FRevue+de+Traduction+et+d%27Interpr%C3%A9tation&rft.atitle=Betimleyici+Model+A%C3%A7%C4%B1s%C4%B1ndan+Bir+%C4%B0nceleme%3A+%C4%B0nce+Memed+ve+%C3%87evirileri%3B+Memed+Le+Mince%2C+Memed+My+Hawk&rft.au=Barda%2C+Zuhal&rft.aulast=Barda&rft.aufirst=Zuhal&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=%C3%87eviribilim+ve+Uygulamalar%C4%B1+Dergisi%2FJournal+of+Translation+Studies%2FRevue+de+Traduction+et+d%27Interpr%C3%A9tation&rft.issn=13014145&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - Turkish DB - MLA International Bibliography N1 - Update - 200101 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-04 ER - TY - CHAP T1 - Differential diagnosis of panic disorder and other psychiatric illnesses T2 - Katon, Wayne (ed.), Panic disorder in the medical setting T3 - NIH publication BT - ItemValueImpl ( label = Publication title value = [Katon, Wayne (ed.), Panic disorder in the medical setting] blockName = text mnemonic = pub mnemonicSearchType = ExactMatch template = null ) AN - 42390539; 05415 AB - PTSD is described in this chapter, which also briefly discusses how in cases precipitated by extreme trauma there may be an overlap of PTSD, panic disorder, major depression, and other psychiatric illness. [ALW] JF - Katon, Wayne (ed.), Panic disorder in the medical setting AU - Katon, Wayne J PY - 1994 SP - pp 39 EP - 50. PB - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental health KW - Differential Diagnosis KW - Drug Therapy KW - Nosology KW - Panic Disorder KW - PTSD (DSM-III-R) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42390539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PILOTS%3A+Published+International+Literature+On+Traumatic+Stress&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Differential+diagnosis+of+panic+disorder+and+other+psychiatric+illnesses&rft.au=Katon%2C+Wayne+J&rft.aulast=Katon&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=pp+39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Katon%2C+Wayne+%28ed.%29%2C+Panic+disorder+in+the+medical+setting&rft.title=Katon%2C+Wayne+%28ed.%29%2C+Panic+disorder+in+the+medical+setting&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PILOTS: Published International Literature On Traumatic Stress N1 - Date revised - 2016-09-15 N1 - SuppNotes - Originally printed 1989. References appear on pp. 111-135. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Statistical characterization of negative control data in the Ames Salmonella/microsome test. AN - 36354933; 201002-31-0247238 (CE); 11701579 (EN) AB - A statistical characterization of negative control data in the Ames Salmonella/microsome reverse mutation test was performed using data obtained at Takeda Analytical Research Laboratories during January 1989 to April 1990. The lot-to-lot variability of bacterial stock cultures and day-to-day variability of experiments were small for Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535 and TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA, but they were larger for S. typhimurium TA100. The number of revertant colonies for all test strains studied here followed Poisson distributions within the same day. The two-fold rule that is an empirical method to evaluate the Ames Salmonella/microsome test results has been widely used in Japan. This two-fold rule was evaluated statistically. The comparison-wise type I error rate was less than 0.05 for TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and WP2uvrA. Moreover, this rule is particularly conservative for TA100, for which the type I error rate was nearly 0. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hamada, C AU - Wada, T AU - Sakamoto, Y AD - System Management Department, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan. PY - 1994 SP - 115 EP - 119 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Bacteria KW - Salmonella KW - Strain KW - Errors KW - Raw materials KW - Culture KW - Escherichia coli KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36354933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Statistical+characterization+of+negative+control+data+in+the+Ames+Salmonella%2Fmicrosome+test.&rft.au=Hamada%2C+C%3BWada%2C+T%3BSakamoto%2C+Y&rft.aulast=Hamada&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans: literature review and health assessment. AN - 36345824; 201002-31-0247228 (CE); 11701569 (EN) AB - Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) and dibenzofurans (PBDFs) occur as trace (ppb) contaminants in brominated flame retardants and are produced during combustion of these chemicals. They are also formed when organics are incinerated in the presence of bromine, e.g., in municipal and industrial incinerators and in internal-combustion engines. Combustion of organics in the presence of both bromine and chlorine results in the formation of mixed (i.e., bromo, bromo/chloro and chloro) halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (HDDs and HDFs). There are 4600 potential mixed congeners. The biological effects of PBDDs and PBDFs are similar, if not identical, to those of PCDDs and PCDFs. Both groups of compounds induce hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) in rats and cause wasting and thymic atrophy in rats and guinea pigs. Tetrabrominated dinenzo-p-dioxin (TBDD) and dibenzofuran (TBDF) are reproductive toxins in mice and produce skin lesions in the rabbit-ear acnegenic test. The brominated compounds appear to bind to the same cytosolic receptors believed to mediate the toxicities of the chlorinated analogs. When compared on a molar-concentration basis, the brominated compounds are equipotent to the chlorinated analogs. TBDD is absorbed after oral, dermal, or intratracheal administration in rats, stored in the liver and adipose tissue, and eliminated in the feces through biliary excretion. The biological half-lives of the brominated compounds appear to be somewhat shorter than those of the corresponding chlorinated species. The brominated compounds, like their chlorinated congeners, have the potential to cause dermal, hepatic, and gastrointestinal toxicities in humans.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mennear, J H AU - Lee, C C AD - Campbell University, School of Pharmacy, Buies Creek, NC 27506. PY - 1994 SP - 265 EP - 274 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Bromination KW - Chlorination KW - Rats KW - Combustion KW - Toxicity KW - Bromine KW - Health KW - Congeners KW - Article KW - EE 60:Waste Management (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36345824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Polybrominated+dibenzo-p-dioxins+and+dibenzofurans%3A+literature+review+and+health+assessment.&rft.au=Mennear%2C+J+H%3BLee%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Mennear&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new model of shouldered survival curves. AN - 36343600; 201002-31-0247234 (CE); 11701575 (EN) AB - Recently, the linear-quadratic equation has been used to construct the dose-response relationships of ionizing radiation. The radiobiological theory on which this relationship is based indicates that at low doses, the risk of a biological lesion being formed should depend linearly on dose if a single event is required or quadratically on dose if two events are required. The same approach has also been used to construct the shouldered survival curves, which indicate a lower response of cell killing at low doses of low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation than at high doses because of repair. However, a different approach is possible, derived from the concept of generating the hybrid lognormal distribution, in which the hybrid form of linear and logarithmic components of a random variable is used. The hybrid form is a formulation of the phenomenon in which there is a feedback mechanism against the large change in the random variable. This paper presents a new model of shouldered survival curves, called a hybrid scale model, which has two parameters: the inactivation constant and the protective factor. In the model, the surviving fraction, normalized by a protective factor plotted in a hybrid scale, is assumed to be linear against the dose. This simple model provides an implication of the shoulder of survival curve and the effect of recovery time of radiation damage, as well as giving a good to the well-known data of split-dose experiments with mammalian cells. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kumazawa, S AD - Department of Health Physics, Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Ibaraki-Ken. PY - 1994 SP - 131 EP - 133 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Survival KW - Protective KW - Construction KW - Random variables KW - Risk KW - Feedback KW - Biological KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36343600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+new+model+of+shouldered+survival+curves.&rft.au=Kumazawa%2C+S&rft.aulast=Kumazawa&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of molecular biomarkers in epidemiology. AN - 36342865; 201002-31-0247237 (CE); 11701578 (EN) AB - The principal conclusions and opportunities that can be drawn from this conference are as follows. The meeting demonstrated the large communication gap that still exists between most epidemiologists and laboratory scientists. This problem could be overcome if epidemiologists worked closely with laboratory scientists at the outset of any project so that a better understanding could be built between them. Epidemiologists need simple, well-characterized, reproducible assays that can be applied to hundreds or thousands of people. Most laboratory scientists have little interest in running large numbers of assays, but wish to continually refine their methods so that they stay on the "cutting edge" of basic research. This problem could be overcome if the new laboratory technology could be transferred to contract laboratories or small companies. Problems of technology transfer therefore need to be addressed. Current and new biomarkers need to be better validated in the field and by studying animal models. More information on the background expression of biomarkers in the general population is needed (i.e. what is the normal range?). Ethical issues, such as the possibility that biomarkers of susceptibility could be used to exclude people from the workplace, need to be addressed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Smith, M T AU - Suk, W A AD - Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. PY - 1994 SP - 229 EP - 235 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Epidemiology KW - Scientists KW - Assaying KW - Cutting KW - Ethical standards KW - Conferences KW - Contracts KW - Running KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36342865?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Application+of+molecular+biomarkers+in+epidemiology.&rft.au=Smith%2C+M+T%3BSuk%2C+W+A&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple comparison among groups of growth curves. AN - 36342344; 201002-31-0247230 (CE); 11701571 (EN) AB - The problem of comparing a sequence of independent experiments divided into several groups with a control is discussed under the logistic growth-curve models. We propose a method for constructing multiple testing procedures using the closed testing procedures and the random-effect model for summarizing estimated values of parameters. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kamakura, T AU - Takizawa, T AD - Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan. PY - 1994 SP - 39 EP - 42 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Logistics KW - Health KW - Construction KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36342344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Multiple+comparison+among+groups+of+growth+curves.&rft.au=Kamakura%2C+T%3BTakizawa%2C+T&rft.aulast=Kamakura&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in human tissues from general populations: a selective review AN - 36322948; 201002-31-0247232 (CE); 11701573 (EN) AB - During the past decade a considerable amount of data has been generated concerning polychlorinated dibenzodioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) levels in humans from many geographical locations. To organize these data in a useful fashion for environmental purposes and for consideration of human toxicity, selected portions of our data are presented in a somewhat atypical fashion, by percentage contribution of individual congeners to total PCDD/Fs in human tissue, and to the total dioxin equivalents (TEq). This is done to better characterize congener contributions from environmental contamination in various geographical regions at this time and health-related levels. To present the findings in a global perspective, data from widely different locations are presented including the United States, Germany, Vietnam, the former Soviet Union, Thailand, Cambodia, China, South Africa, and Guam. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schecter, Arnold AU - Furst, Peter AU - Furst, Christiane AU - Papke, Olaf AU - Ball, Michael AU - Ryan, John J AU - Cau, Hoang Dinh AU - Dai, Le Cao AU - Quynh, Hoang Trong AU - Cuong, H Q AU - Phuong, Nguyen Thi Ngoc AU - Phiet, Pham Hoang AU - Beim, Albert AU - Constable, John AU - Startin, James AU - Samedy, My AU - Seng, Yit Kim PY - 1994 SP - 159 EP - 171 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Congeners KW - Human KW - Dioxins KW - Human tissues KW - Vietnam KW - Equivalence KW - Toxicity KW - Guam KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36322948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chlorinated+dioxins+and+dibenzofurans+in+human+tissues+from+general+populations%3A+a+selective+review&rft.au=Schecter%2C+Arnold%3BFurst%2C+Peter%3BFurst%2C+Christiane%3BPapke%2C+Olaf%3BBall%2C+Michael%3BRyan%2C+John+J%3BCau%2C+Hoang+Dinh%3BDai%2C+Le+Cao%3BQuynh%2C+Hoang+Trong%3BCuong%2C+H+Q%3BPhuong%2C+Nguyen+Thi+Ngoc%3BPhiet%2C+Pham+Hoang%3BBeim%2C+Albert%3BConstable%2C+John%3BStartin%2C+James%3BSamedy%2C+My%3BSeng%2C+Yit+Kim&rft.aulast=Schecter&rft.aufirst=Arnold&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation of hazardous wastes. AN - 36322108; 201002-31-0247236 (CE); 11701577 (EN) AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Aust, S D AU - Bourquin, A AU - Loper, J C AU - Salanitro, J P AU - Suk, W A AU - Tiedje, J AD - Biotechnology Center, Utah State University, Logan 84322-4705. PY - 1994 SP - 245 EP - 252 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Hazardous wastes KW - Health KW - Biodegradation KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36322108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biodegradation+of+hazardous+wastes.&rft.au=Aust%2C+S+D%3BBourquin%2C+A%3BLoper%2C+J+C%3BSalanitro%2C+J+P%3BSuk%2C+W+A%3BTiedje%2C+J&rft.aulast=Aust&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterial mutagenicity of pyrolysis tars produced from chloro-organic fuels. AN - 36321068; 201002-31-0247229 (CE); 11701570 (EN) AB - Droplets of toluene and three chlorinated organics, ortho-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, and trichloroethylene, were pyrolyzed in pure nitrogen. The composition and bacterial mutagenicity of the product tars were measured. The presence of organic chlorine was found to affect both pyrolysis product tar composition and total tar mutagenicity. Pyrolysis in the absence of chlorine produced tars whose bacterial mutagenicity was found to be largely due to the presence of cyclopenta[cd]pyrene, fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene. Small amounts of chlorine in the fuel (i.e., Cl/H molar ratios of less than 0.3) enhanced the formation of highly condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (including cyclopenta[cd]pyrene) and increased tar mutagenicity. Larger amounts of organic chlorine (Cl/H ratios of between 0.3 and 0.6) resulted in significant yields of mono- and dichlorinated aromatics and higher levels of tar mutagenicity, which could not be accounted for by the presence of mutagens produced by pyrolysis in the absence of chlorine. Furthermore, unlike tars containing little or no chlorine, tars containing aryl chlorine were more mutagenic in the absence of added enzymes (intended to mimic in vivo mammalian metabolism) than in their presence. We hypothesize that at least one of the chlorinated aromatic products is strongly mutagenic. Two specific conditions that gave notably different results were a) the low-temperature (i.e., below 1400 K) pyrolysis of ortho-dichlorobenzene, which produced tri- and tetrachlorinated biphenyls almost exclusively; and b) the chlorine-rich pyrolysis of trichloroethylene, during which mostly perchloroaromatics were formed. Neither of these tars was found to mutate bacteria. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mulholland, J A AU - Sarofim, A F AU - Longwell, J P AU - Lafleur, A L AU - Thilly, W G AD - School of Civil Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332. PY - 1994 SP - 283 EP - 289 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Bacteria KW - Chlorine KW - Pyrolysis KW - Tars KW - Mutagenicity KW - Droplets KW - Trichloroethylene KW - Chlorination KW - Article KW - EE 70:Energy (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36321068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Bacterial+mutagenicity+of+pyrolysis+tars+produced+from+chloro-organic+fuels.&rft.au=Mulholland%2C+J+A%3BSarofim%2C+A+F%3BLongwell%2C+J+P%3BLafleur%2C+A+L%3BThilly%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Mulholland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of continuous- and discrete- time three-state models for rodent tumorigenicity experiments. AN - 36320016; 201002-31-0247233 (CE); 11701574 (EN) AB - The three-state illness-death model provides a useful way to characterize data from a rodent tumorigenicity experiment. Most parametrizations proposed recently in the literature assume discrete time for the death process and either discrete or continuous time for the tumor onset process. We compare these approaches with a third alternative that uses a piecewise continuous model on the hazards for tumor onset and death. All three models assume proportional hazards to characterize tumor lethality and the effect of dose on tumor onset and death rate. All of the models can easily be fitted using an Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. The piecewise continuous model is particularly appealing in this context because the complete data likelihood corresponds to a standard piecewise exponential model with tumor presence as a time-varying covariate. It can be shown analytically that differences between the parameter estimates given by each model are explained by varying assumptions about when tumor onsets, deaths, and sacrifices occur within intervals. The mixed-time model is seen to be an extension of the grouped data proportional hazards model [Mutat. Res. 24:267-278 (1981)]. We argue that the continuous-time model is preferable to the discrete- and mixed-time models because it gives reasonable estimates with relatively few intervals while still making full use of the available information. Data from the ED01 experiment illustrate the results. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lindsey, J C AU - Ryan, L M AD - Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115. PY - 1994 SP - 9 EP - 17 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Tumors KW - Death KW - Hazards KW - Rodents KW - Estimates KW - Intervals KW - Maximization KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36320016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+continuous-+and+discrete-+time+three-state+models+for+rodent+tumorigenicity+experiments.&rft.au=Lindsey%2C+J+C%3BRyan%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Lindsey&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chlorinated organic contaminants in breast milk of New Zealand women. AN - 36318281; 201002-31-0247235 (CE); 11701576 (EN) AB - Breast milk samples from 38 women in New Zealand were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) as part of a World Health Organization collaborative study of breast-milk contaminants. The women were recruited from two urban areas (Auckland and Christchurch) and two rural areas (Northland and North Canterbury) in the North and South Islands of New Zealand. The best predictor of contaminant concentrations in breast milk was found to be the age of the mother. Regional differences were found for hexachlorobenzene, dieldrin, and pp-DDE, reflecting historical use patterns. Urban-rural differences were found for several PCBs, PCDDs, and PCDFs when contaminant concentrations were calculated on a whole-milk basis. However, these differences could be attributed to variation in breast-milk fat concentrations between urban and rural mothers. Urban mothers had about 50% more breast-milk fat than rural mothers. Evidence suggests that breast-milk consumption by babies is regulated by caloric intake. Almost all of the caloric content of milk is in the fat fraction. This suggests that breast-milk contaminant levels calculated on a whole-milk basis do not necessarily reflect the relative levels of exposure of infants to these contaminants. However, the factors that influence breast-milk fat concentration deserve further study. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bates, M N AU - Hannah, D J AU - Buckland, S J AU - Taucher, J A AU - van Maanen, T AD - Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley 94720. PY - 1994 SP - 211 EP - 217 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Contaminants KW - Milk KW - Breast KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Health KW - Rural KW - Urban areas KW - Rural areas KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36318281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Chlorinated+organic+contaminants+in+breast+milk+of+New+Zealand+women.&rft.au=Bates%2C+M+N%3BHannah%2C+D+J%3BBuckland%2C+S+J%3BTaucher%2C+J+A%3Bvan+Maanen%2C+T&rft.aulast=Bates&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biostatistical analysis of the micronucleus mutagenicity assay based on the assumption of a mixing distribution. AN - 36298639; 201002-31-0247231 (CE); 11701572 (EN) AB - The in vivo micronucleus assay can be analyzed by comparing the number of micronuclei (MN) of several dose groups with those of a control group. In several publications, difficulties arose in estimating a suitable distribution for MN, even in the untreated historical control groups. Mitchell et al. described the presence of a subpopulation of more susceptible responders. Based on this assumption of such a subpopulation, score tests were used for the mixing distribution of responders and nonresponders (behavior same as in untreated control animals) within the dose groups. The power behavior of these tests was characterized with a simulation study. The advantage of score tests can be shown, even in the practical and important guideline case of only five animals per group. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Hothorn, L AD - Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg. PY - 1994 SP - 121 EP - 125 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 102 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Animals KW - Assaying KW - Guidelines KW - In vivo testing KW - In vivo tests KW - Biomedical materials KW - Simulation KW - Surgical implants KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36298639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Biostatistical+analysis+of+the+micronucleus+mutagenicity+assay+based+on+the+assumption+of+a+mixing+distribution.&rft.au=Hothorn%2C+L&rft.aulast=Hothorn&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to the epidemiological characterization of Staphylococcus intermedius implicated in a food-related outbreak AN - 17062077; 3883784 AB - An outbreak of food intoxication involving over 265 cases in western United States occurred in October 1991. Staphylococcus intermedius was implicated as the aetiologic agent. Representative outbreak isolates (five clinical and ten from foods) produced type A enterotoxin. DNA fragments generated by four restriction endonucleases and analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) provided definitive evidence that all isolates from nine different counties in California and Nevada were derived from a single strain. The PFGE pattern of these outbreak isolates was distinct from those of a heterogeneous collection of seven S. intermedius strains of veterinary origin and five unrelated S. aureus laboratory strains. The data show a significant PFGE pattern heterogeneity not only among members of different Staphylococcus species but also within members of the same species and even the same enterotoxin type. The results indicate that PFGE is a valuable strain-specific discriminator for the epidemiological characterization of S. intermedius. To our knowledge, this represents the first documented foodborne outbreak caused by S. intermedius. These findings suggest that the presence of S. intermedius and other species such as S. hyicus in food should be reason for concern. JF - Epidemiology and infection. London, New York NY AU - Khambaty, F M AU - Bennett, R W AU - Shah, D B AD - Div. Microbiol. Stud., HFS-517, FDA, 200 C St. S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 75 EP - 81 VL - 113 IS - 1 SN - 0950-2688, 0950-2688 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - food poisoning KW - epidemiology KW - contamination KW - Staphylococcus intermedius KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17062077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+infection.+London%2C+New+York+NY&rft.atitle=Application+of+pulsed-field+gel+electrophoresis+to+the+epidemiological+characterization+of+Staphylococcus+intermedius+implicated+in+a+food-related+outbreak&rft.au=Khambaty%2C+F+M%3BBennett%2C+R+W%3BShah%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Khambaty&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+infection.+London%2C+New+York+NY&rft.issn=09502688&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus intermedius; food poisoning; contamination; pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; epidemiology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury in livers of wading birds (Ciconiiformes) in southern Florida AN - 17016452; 3847123 AB - Mercury was measured in livers from 144 wading birds representing seven species collected from four different areas in southern Florida, including the Everglades National Park. Significant differences in hepatic mercury concentrations were identified between birds collected from different geographic locations, birds of different ages, dietary factors, and relative amounts of body fat. Birds collected from an area encompassing the central Everglades and eastern Florida Bay had significantly greater concentrations of hepatic mercury than did birds from other collection areas. Livers from fledgling and young adult birds contained approximately three times the concentration of mercury as livers from nestling birds. Bird species whose prey base consists of larger fish were found to have approximately four times the hepatic concentration of mercury as did those species which consume smaller fish or crustaceans. Birds with minimal to moderate amounts of body fat had two to three times the concentration of hepatic mercury as birds with relatively abundant body fat reserves. Four great blue herons collected from the central Everglades contained liver mercury at concentrations typically associated with overt neurologic signs ( greater than or equal to 30 mu g/g). Between 30% and 80% of potential breeding-age birds collected from this area contained hepatic mercury at concentrations associated with reproductive impairment in ducks and pheasants. These data suggest that declining numbers of nesting ciconiiform birds in Florida may be due, in part, to mercury contamination of their food supply. JF - Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Sundlof, S F AU - Spalding, M G AU - Wentworth, J D AU - Steible, C K AD - FDA Cent., Vet. Med., HFV-1, 7500 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 299 EP - 305 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Ciconiiformes KW - aquatic birds KW - birds KW - freshwater pollution KW - pollution effects KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - USA, Florida, Everglades Natl. Park KW - diets KW - Freshwater KW - bioaccumulation KW - mercury KW - wetlands KW - liver KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17016452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacy+in+history&rft.atitle=Pharmacology+and+public+health%3A+the+Jamaica+ginger+paralysis+episode+of+the+1930s.&rft.au=Parascandola%2C+J&rft.aulast=Parascandola&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacy+in+history&rft.issn=00317047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aquatic birds; wetlands; freshwater pollution; diets; liver; pollution effects; bioaccumulation; mercury; birds; Ciconiiformes; USA, Florida, Everglades Natl. Park; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of some homogeneity tests in analysis of over-dispersed binomial data AN - 17009329; 3848018 AB - This paper compares the procedures based on the extended quasi-likelihood, pseudo-likelihood and quasi-likelihood approaches for testing homogeneity of several proportions for over-dispersed binomial data. The type I error of the Wald tests using the model-based and robust variance estimates, the score test, and the extended quasi-likelihood ratio test (deviance reduction test) were examined by simulation. The extended quasi-likelihood method performs less well when mean responses are close to 1 or 0. The model-based Wald test based on the quasi-likelihood performs the best in maintaining the nominal level. The score test performs less well when the intracluster correlations are large or heterogeneous. In summary: (i) both the quasi-likelihood and pseudo-likelihood methods appear to be acceptable but care must be taken when overfitting a variance function with small sample sizes; (ii) the extended quasi-likelihood approach is the least favourable method because its nominal level is much too high; and (iii) the robust variance estimator performs poorly, particularly when the sample size is small. JF - Environmental and Ecological Statistics AU - Chen, J J AU - Ahn, H AU - Cheng, K F AD - Div. Biom. Risk Assess., Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, Jefferson, AK 72079, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 315 EP - 324 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1352-8505, 1352-8505 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - sampling KW - dispersion KW - homogeneity KW - data KW - statistical analysis KW - D 04003:Modeling, mathematics, computer applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17009329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Ecological+Statistics&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+some+homogeneity+tests+in+analysis+of+over-dispersed+binomial+data&rft.au=Chen%2C+J+J%3BAhn%2C+H%3BCheng%2C+K+F&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Ecological+Statistics&rft.issn=13528505&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - statistical analysis; homogeneity; dispersion; data; sampling ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Stress proteins as biomarkers of exposure and toxicity AN - 16991850; 3825292 AB - Adverse environmental stimuli affect gene expression by enhancing the synthesis of stress proteins. This response has potential uses for in vitro toxicologic screening assays, environmental pollution monitors, and as markers of xenobiotic exposure and human disease. These uses must be validated with laboratory studies. We conducted a series of studies to explore whether chemical-specific or target-tissue specific changes in the de novo synthesis of stress proteins may represent biochemical "fingerprints" or "signatures" of exposure and toxicity. Cadmium and mercury were used as model hepatotoxicants and nephrotoxicants, respectively, and the effects of acute in vivo exposure on protein synthesis in target and non-target tissues in adult male rats were evaluated. De novo synthesis of stress proteins was analyzed by: 1) pulse-labeling proteins in liver and kidney slices with super(35)S- methionine, 2) SDS gel electrophoresis, and 3) autoradiography. Accumulation of stress proteins was assessed immunochemically by probing Western blots with monoclonal antibodies to specific stress proteins. Dose- and time-dependent changes in gene expression in liver and kidney were demonstrated after exposure to cadmium and mercury, respectively, as evidenced by enhanced de novo synthesis of the 70, 90, and 110-kDa stress proteins 2-4 hr after exposure. The changes in protein synthesis were target-organ specific, i.e., the nephrotoxicant mercury produced changes only in kidney, and the hepatotoxicant cadmium produced changes only in liver. Effects on protein synthesis occurred prior to detection of liver and renal injury, using histopathologic, functional, and clinical indices. Thus, xenobiotic-induced changes in gene expression, including the enhanced synthesis of stress proteins, may represent biomarkers of exposure, toxicity, and organismal/environmental stress. JF - IAGLR, BUFFALO, NY (USA). 166 p. 1994. AU - Goering, P L AU - Fisher, B R Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 166 PB - IAGLR, BUFFALO, NY (USA) KW - rats KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - pollution monitoring KW - test organisms KW - pollutants KW - pollution indicators KW - histopathology KW - bioassays KW - Freshwater KW - cytochromes KW - protein synthesis KW - kidneys KW - biological stress KW - liver KW - pollution effects KW - proteins KW - heavy metals KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16991850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Goering%2C+P+L%3BFisher%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Stress+proteins+as+biomarkers+of+exposure+and+toxicity&rft.title=Stress+proteins+as+biomarkers+of+exposure+and+toxicity&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Summary only. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of time and temperature on multiplication of Vibrio vulnificus in postharvest Gulf coast shellstock oysters AN - 16984432; 3630811 AB - After harvest, shellstock oysters stored under controlled temperatures of 10, 13, and 18 degree C and at ambient outside air temperature (23 to 34 degree C) were sampled after 12 and 30 h for Vibrio vulnificus. At 13 degree C and below, V. vulnificus failed to multiply in the oysters. In oysters held at 18 degree C for 30 h and under ambient conditions for 12 and 30 h, V. vulnificus numbers were statistically greater (P < 0.05) than those in oysters at harvest. These data indicate that endogenous V. vulnificus can multiply in unchilled shellstock oysters. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Cook, D W AD - FDA Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3483 EP - 3484 VL - 60 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - biological vectors KW - cell division KW - chilling storage KW - harvested oysters KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - storage effects KW - temperature KW - temperature effects KW - time KW - vibriosis KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - reproduction KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - Marine KW - seafood KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - public health KW - Q1 08622:Primary products KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16984432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+time+and+temperature+on+multiplication+of+Vibrio+vulnificus+in+postharvest+Gulf+coast+shellstock+oysters&rft.au=Cook%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chilling storage; pathogenic bacteria; biological vectors; storage effects; cell division; seafood; temperature effects; reproduction; vibriosis; public health; temperature; time; Vibrio vulnificus; Crassostrea virginica; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitive catalase test for end-point temperature of heated chicken meat AN - 16978660; 3822741 AB - Our improved method enables detection of catalase-related activities as a biochemical marker for estimating cooking end-point temperature (EPT). The broad range of inactivation temperature in chicken tissues was first determined to be > 68 degree C and < 72 degree C. Then samples were heated to EPTs from 69 to 71.5 degree C at 0.5 degree C intervals. The catalase activity at 23 and 37 degree C was followed up to 120 min. The probability of obtaining a positive result with an EPT of 69 degree C was greater than or equal to 0.99 after 45 min when incubated at 23 degree C. This probability decreased to less than or equal to 0.03 as EPT increased to 71 degree C. Higher incubation temperatures (37 degree C) increased the probability of positive results. JF - Journal of Food Science AU - Ang, CYW AU - Liu, F AU - Townsend, W E AU - Fung, DYC AD - U.S. DHHS, FDA, Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 494 EP - 497 VL - 59 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1147, 0022-1147 KW - temperature KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food processing KW - catalase test KW - meat KW - cooking KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16978660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=Sensitive+catalase+test+for+end-point+temperature+of+heated+chicken+meat&rft.au=Ang%2C+CYW%3BLiu%2C+F%3BTownsend%2C+W+E%3BFung%2C+DYC&rft.aulast=Ang&rft.aufirst=CYW&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=494&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.issn=00221147&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - food processing; meat; cooking; catalase test ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transforming activity of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their nitro-derivatives in BALB/3T3 A31-1-1 cells AN - 16970142; 3621748 AB - The transforming activities of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and six of their nitro-derivatives were studied using BALB/3T3 clone A31-1-1 cells in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation. Each compound was assayed two to four times to its maximal level of solubility. A transformation response was induced by 1-nitropyrene, 2-nitropyrene, 4-nitropyrene and benzo[a]pyrene in the BALB/3T3 mouse embryo cells. Pyrene and 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene produced questionable responses, and benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene and 6-nitrochrysene produced negative responses. The capacity of the assay system to indicate tumorigenicity of the test compounds is discussed. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Sheu, C W AU - Dobras, S N AU - Rodriguez, I AU - Lee, J K AU - Fu, P P AD - Genet. Toxicol. Branch, HFS-236, Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, 200 C St., SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 611 EP - 615 VL - 32 IS - 7 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - BALB/3T3 cells KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - transformation KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16970142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Transforming+activity+of+selected+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+and+their+nitro-derivatives+in+BALB%2F3T3+A31-1-1+cells&rft.au=Sheu%2C+C+W%3BDobras%2C+S+N%3BRodriguez%2C+I%3BLee%2C+J+K%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Sheu&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; transformation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pneumococcal infection and immunization in children AN - 16969493; 3620501 AB - Pneumococcal infection persists as a major cause of pneumonia, bacteremia, and otitis media and is the important cause of meningitis in young children. Children less than 2 years of age show the highest incidence of pneumococcal diseases. Pneumococcal types 6A + 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F + 19A, and 23F account for the large majority of disease isolates in the pediatric population. Bacterial clearance and antibody response were studied in young mice from mothers injected with pneumococcal type 9V polysaccharide (PS) conjugated with the inactivated pneumolysin to examine the protective immunity of young mice to pneumococcal infection. The injection of mice with pneumococcal PS-protein conjugate conferred the protective immunity to pneumococcal infection. The efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine might be enhanced by addition of inactivated pneumolysin in the form of PS-protein conjugate. The molecular size of pneumococcal type 19F PS or oligosaccharide used for preparing the PS-protein conjugate has a profound effect on the antibody response to the PS. The conjugate immunogen prepared from a large molecule of 19F PS produced a high antibody response to the PS in young mice. Development of a PS-protein conjugate vaccine for selected pneumococcal types will help in solving problems of poor immunogenicity of pneumococcal PS vaccine in young children. JF - Critical Reviews in Microbiology AU - Lee, C-J AU - Wang, T R AD - Cent. Biol. Eval. Res., FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 1040-841X, 1040-841X KW - Pneumococcus KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - immunization KW - infection KW - children KW - otitis media KW - bacteremia KW - pneumonia KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16969493?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Pneumococcal+infection+and+immunization+in+children&rft.au=Lee%2C+C-J%3BWang%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=C-J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+Reviews+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=1040841X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - infection; children; immunization; pneumonia; bacteremia; otitis media ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deleterious effect of thimerosal on the potency of inactivated poliovirus vaccine AN - 16968906; 3623469 AB - High-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (eIPV) was combined with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine containing thimerosal as a preservative to simulate the performance of a potential tetravalent vaccine. Neither type 1 nor type 3 poliovirus antigens appeared to be affected by thimerosal after exposure for 1 h at 37 degree C as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One epitope on the type 2 antigen was damaged within 5 min of exposure; however, the overall potency was unchanged when measured using a polyclonal antibody preparation. Exposure to thimerosal at 37 degree C decreased the potency of all three poliovirus types to well below the level caused by heat deterioration alone in 1-2 days and to 0% after 16-17 days. At 25 degree C, the potency of type 1 poliovirus decreased by 46% in 1 day, whereas poliovirus types 2 and 3 were stable for 1 week. Storage of eIPV at 4 degree C in the presence of thimerosal reduced the potency of type 1 poliovirus antigen to undetectable levels after 4-6 months. Type 2 and 3 antigens were less markedly affected by 8 months of exposure to thimerosal at 4 degree C. The loss of potency of type 1 as measured by ELISA was paralleled by a reduced level of neutralizing antibodies in mice injected with these preparations. The results obtained from testing eIPV in combination with DTP and thimerosal were generally similar to those obtained using eIPV with thimerosal. It remains to be seen to what extent thimerosal will affect the immunogenicity of eIPV in humans when injected as combined eIPV-DTP vaccine. JF - Vaccine AU - Sawyer, LA AU - McInnis, J AU - Patel, A AU - Horne, AD AU - Albrecht, P AD - Lab. Pediatr. Dis., Div. Viral Prod., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 851 EP - 856 VL - 12 IS - 9 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - effects on KW - mice KW - thimerosal KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - poliovirus KW - preservatives KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - V 22097:Immunization: Vaccines & vaccination: Human KW - A 01097:Viruses KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16968906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Deleterious+effect+of+thimerosal+on+the+potency+of+inactivated+poliovirus+vaccine&rft.au=Sawyer%2C+LA%3BMcInnis%2C+J%3BPatel%2C+A%3BHorne%2C+AD%3BAlbrecht%2C+P&rft.aulast=Sawyer&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=851&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; preservatives; poliovirus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anisakid parasites, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in sushi and sashimi from Seattle area restaurants AN - 16966623; 3619616 AB - Samples of salmon, tuna, mackerel, and rockfish sushi were analyzed for parasites from 32 of the approximately 50 restaurants in the Seattle area that prepare sushi. The restaurants were sampled up to three times over a 19-month period. Some specialty grocery stores providing restaurants and consumers with sashimi were also sampled. Salmon sushi was most commonly affected with almost 10% of pieces infected with a maximum of 3 nematodes per piece. Only single infections were present in mackerel shshi with frequency of 5%, and tuna and rockfish sushi were free of nematodes. All nematodes were third-stage juveniles of the genus Anisakis. Except for two moribund nematodes, all juveniles from sushi were dead, most likely the result of the practice of using fish that have been previously frozen. The two moribund nematodes were present in one salmon sushi sample, sample, indicating that incompletely frozen product had been used. For the sashimi, no parasites were found in tuna; however, a live anisakid was found in one collection of rockfish sashimi. Efforts to detect anisakid nematodes with nondestructive methods were generally unsuccessful. Neither inspection per ultraviolet light nor by candling was effective for salmon sushi. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Adams, A M AU - Leja, L L AU - Jinneman, K AU - Beeh, J AU - Yuen, G A AU - Wekell, M M AD - Seafood Prod. Res. Cent., FDA, 22201 23rd Dr. SE, P.O. Box 3012, Bothell, WA 98041-3012, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 311 EP - 317 VL - 57 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - USA, Seattle KW - food contamination KW - microbial contamination KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - sashimi KW - sushi KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Marine KW - parasites KW - Bacillus cereus KW - seafood KW - USA, Washington, Seattle KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Anisakis KW - Q1 08622:Primary products KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16966623?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Psychotherapeutic+Medications+Development+Program+%28PMDP%29+Workshop+on+NMDA+Receptor+Antagonists%3A+neurotoxicity+evaluation.+Introduction.&rft.au=Leber%2C+P&rft.aulast=Leber&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology+bulletin&rft.issn=00485764&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenic bacteria; parasites; microbial contamination; seafood; food contamination; Anisakis; Bacillus cereus; USA, Washington, Seattle; Staphylococcus aureus; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International dissemination of epidemic Vibrio cholerae by cargo ship ballast and other nonpotable waters AN - 16963581; 3622710 AB - In 1991 and 1992, toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1, serotype Inaba, biotype E1 Tor, was recovered from nonpotable (ballast, bilge, and sewage) water from five cargo ships docked in ports of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Four of these ships had taken on ballast water in cholera-infected countries; the fifth took on ballast in a noninfected country. Isolates examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were indistinguishable from the Latin American epidemic strain, C6707; however, they differed significantly from the endemic Gulf Coast strain (VRL 1984), the sixth-pandemic strain (569-B), and a V. cholerae non-O1 strain isolated from a ship arriving from a foreign port. On the basis of our findings, the Food and Drug Administration recommended that the U.S. Coast Guard issue an advisory to shipping agents and captains requesting that ballast waters be exchanged on the high seas before entry of ships into U.S. ports. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - McCarthy, SA AU - Khambaty, F M AD - FDA Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2597 EP - 2601 VL - 60 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - ballast KW - bilage KW - disease spread KW - disease transmission KW - dispersal KW - epidemics KW - human diseases KW - man KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Ecology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - sewage KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - ships KW - USA Coasts KW - public health KW - O 4080:Pollution - Control and Prevention KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - D 04620:Microorganisms KW - H SE3.21:WATER POLLUTION/WATER QUALITY KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16963581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=International+dissemination+of+epidemic+Vibrio+cholerae+by+cargo+ship+ballast+and+other+nonpotable+waters&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+SA%3BKhambaty%2C+F+M&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenic bacteria; disease transmission; sewage; human diseases; epidemics; ships; ballast; public health; disease spread; dispersal; man; Vibrio cholerae; USA Coasts; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection of infant mice from challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae type 19F by immunization with a type 19F polysaccharide-pneumolysoid conjugate AN - 16960141; 3614478 AB - The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a conjugate of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 19F polysaccharide and a genetically toxoided derivative of the pneumococcal toxin pneumolysin was investigated in an infant mouse model. The conjugate was administered to Balb/c mice during pregnancy and/or lactation, and to their offspring during early infancy. The anti-polysaccharide and anti-pneumolysin titres of the immunized infant mice were significantly higher than those of non-immunized controls. When the infant mice were challenged with type 19F pneumococci, the bacteria were cleared more effectively from the blood of immunized mice than from that of control mice. The survival rate for the immunized mice was also significantly higher than that for the control group. These results indicate that highly protective anti-pneumococcal responses responses can be induced in infant mice by immunization with the conjugate during gestation or early infancy, and suggest a possible role for pneumolysoid-polysaccharide conjugates as human vaccine components. JF - Vaccine AU - Lee, Chi-Jen AU - Lock, R A AU - Andrew, P W AU - Mitchell, T J AU - Hansman, D AU - Paton, J C AD - Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 875 EP - 878 VL - 12 IS - 10 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - mice KW - pneumolysoids KW - polysaccharides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - vaccines KW - conjugates KW - infants KW - vaccination KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16960141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Protection+of+infant+mice+from+challenge+with+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+type+19F+by+immunization+with+a+type+19F+polysaccharide-pneumolysoid+conjugate&rft.au=Lee%2C+Chi-Jen%3BLock%2C+R+A%3BAndrew%2C+P+W%3BMitchell%2C+T+J%3BHansman%2C+D%3BPaton%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Chi-Jen&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=875&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; conjugates; infants; vaccination; Streptococcus pneumoniae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protection of immunized and previously infected chimpanzees challenged with Mycoplasma pneumoniae AN - 16959055; 3624219 AB - Following immunization, peak geometric mean serum metabolism inhibition antibody (MIT) titres were 1:13 and 1:16 for groups of three chimpanzees each that received either the formalin-inactivated OSU-1A or experimental acellular extract vaccine, respectively. Following challenge, the mean titres for chimpanzees given the acellular vaccine peaked at 1:256 in 4 weeks and was 1:48 at 10 weeks. Chimpanzees given the OSU-1A vaccine peaked at 1:80 in 4 weeks and remained at 1:80 at 10 weeks. There was no direct correlation between the serum MIT response and the severity of disease or colonization, and thus the MIT response was not a reliable measurement of protection. The two non-immunized chimpanzees showed significant signs of disease, including cough, pharyngitis, rhinitis, fever and abnormal X-ray findings, for about 5 weeks. The chimpanzees immunized with either vaccine were less colonized and showed far less disease than non-immunized controls. Protection afforded the chimpanzees was similar to that of vaccines in the human clinical trial given the same OSU-1A vaccine (Wenzel et al., 1977). The two previously infected chimpanzees were most protected against colonization and disease on challenge. JF - Vaccine AU - Barile, M F AU - Grabowski, M W AU - Kapatais-Zoumbois, K AU - Brown, B AU - Hu, Ping-Chuan AU - Chandler, DKF AD - Lab. Mycoplasma, Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 707 EP - 714 VL - 12 IS - 8 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - protection KW - vaccines KW - challenge KW - Mycoplasma pneumoniae KW - Pan troglodytes KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16959055?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Acute+behavioral+toxicity+of+MK-801+and+phencyclidine%3A+effects+on+rhesus+monkey+performance+in+an+operant+test+battery.&rft.au=Paule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology+bulletin&rft.issn=00485764&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - protection; vaccines; challenge; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pan troglodytes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enumeration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in various seafoods with two enrichment broths AN - 16956877; 3619394 AB - This study compares recoveries of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus with salt-polymyxin B broth (SPB) and alkaline peptone water (APW) from samples of crab legs, oysters, shrimp, lobster and shark, which were inoculated at three levels (approximately 10 super(1) to 10 super(2), 10 super(2) to 10 super(3) and 10 super(4) to 10 super(5)/g) with each of the pathogens. Six samples of each product were analyzed [3-tube most probable number (MPN)] with each broth. Inoculated samples of oysters and slurries of crab and lobster were also tested after cold stress (refrigerated at 2 to 4 degree C, 3 or 7 days, or frozen at -15 degree C for 21 or 28 days). For each seafood, geometric means of cells recovered with APW were significantly higher than the corresponding means of recovery with SPB. In addition, 12 of 15 calculated estimates of 50% relative detectable levels (RDL50) were lower for APW than for SPB. In these samples, the level of detection by APW was found to be 40 to 32,000 and 6- to 42-fold lower for V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, respectively, than the level of detection by SPB. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Hagen, C J AU - Sloan, E M AU - Lancette, G A AU - Peeler, J T AU - Sofos, J N AD - FDA/PHS/DHHS, Denver Fed. Cent., Build. 20, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, CO 80225-0087, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 403 EP - 409 VL - 57 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - enumeration KW - food contamination KW - human food KW - microbial contamination KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Marine KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus KW - seafood KW - Q1 08622:Primary products KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16956877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Enumeration+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+and+Vibrio+vulnificus+in+various+seafoods+with+two+enrichment+broths&rft.au=Hagen%2C+C+J%3BSloan%2C+E+M%3BLancette%2C+G+A%3BPeeler%2C+J+T%3BSofos%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Hagen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenic bacteria; microbial contamination; seafood; human food; food contamination; enumeration; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of DNA damage by urethane in mouse testes: DNA binding and unscheduled DNA synthesis AN - 16956145; 3619460 AB - The extent and persistence of DNA damage and repair were investigated in mouse spermatogenic cells exposed in vivo to urethane (ethyl carbamate, EC). Adult male mice exposed to [ super(3)H]EC at 10-1,000 mg/kg were sacrificed 12 hr later. EC/metabolite binding to liver and testicular DNA and to sperm heads from the vasa deferentia was measured. Other male mice were exposed to EC at 50-750 mg/kg, and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induction was investigated in early spermatid stages. Similar experiments were conducted with vinyl carbamate (VC; putative EC metabolite) at 10-75 mg/kg. Overall, the results suggest that EC metabolites bind to testis DNA and cause low-level DNA damage in mouse spermatogenic cells. This type of DNA damage apparently does not have significant genetic consequences. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Sotomayor, R E AU - Sega, G A AU - Kadlubar, F AD - FDA, Cent. Food. Saf. and Appl. Nutr. (CFSAN), MOD-1, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel 20708, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 68 EP - 74 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - urethan KW - mice KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - DNA biosynthesis KW - DNA KW - binding KW - testes KW - spermatogenesis KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - N 14653:Effect of antibiotics, antimetabolites & mutagens UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16956145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Induction+of+DNA+damage+by+urethane+in+mouse+testes%3A+DNA+binding+and+unscheduled+DNA+synthesis&rft.au=Sotomayor%2C+R+E%3BSega%2C+G+A%3BKadlubar%2C+F&rft.aulast=Sotomayor&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA; DNA biosynthesis; binding; spermatogenesis; testes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of polysaccharide in Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate and polysaccharide vaccines by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection AN - 16955475; 3624220 AB - A sensitive method for the quantification of polysaccharide (PS) in Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate and PS vaccines has been developed. It is based on measurement of the Hib PS subunit after depolymerization of the PS in sodium hydroxide to produce the subunit, which is characterized by chemical composition and super(31)P n.m.r. analyses as ribitol-ribose-phosphate. The Hib vaccines were first treated with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide. The Hib PS subunit in the treated vaccines was then analysed directly by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography using a Carbo Pak PA-1 column, and quantified by pulsed amperometric detection. The PS contents of three conjugate vaccines and three PS vaccines from different manufacturers were determined. Their values were in the expected ranges. This method is particularly useful for vaccines with a sugar stabilizer such as lactose which would interfere with the colorimetric orcinol assay currently used for determination of the PS. The method can measure 0.1 mu g of PS and its sensitivity is at least 30-fold higher than that of the orcinol assay. It may be used for stability studies of conjugate vaccines since a breakdown as low as 5% of the PS from the PS-protein conjugates would be detected. JF - Vaccine AU - Tsai, Chao-Ming AU - Gu, Xin-Xing AU - Byrd, R A AD - Off. Vaccine Res. and Rev., Cent. for Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 700 EP - 706 VL - 12 IS - 8 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - polysaccharides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - Haemophilus influenzae KW - anion-exchange chromatography KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16955475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+polysaccharide+in+Haemophilus+influenzae+type+b+conjugate+and+polysaccharide+vaccines+by+high-performance+anion-exchange+chromatography+with+pulsed+amperometric+detection&rft.au=Tsai%2C+Chao-Ming%3BGu%2C+Xin-Xing%3BByrd%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Tsai&rft.aufirst=Chao-Ming&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=700&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; anion-exchange chromatography; Haemophilus influenzae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Norwalk virus in artificially seeded shellfish and selected foods AN - 16953016; 3622230 AB - A rotavirus dsRNA purification protocol was adapted to extract Norwalk ssRNA from artificially contaminated shellfish, and a sensitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for Norwalk virus was devised to identify an estimated 20-200 genomic copies. The technique includes deproteinization with guanidinium isothiocyanate, adsorption of RNA to hydroxyapatite, and sequential precipitation with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and ethanol. The protocol allows high recovery of viral RNA free of enzymatic inhibitors from oysters, clams, and a variety of food matrices. Norwalk virus sequences were copied and amplified by using primes selected from the polymerase gene. Digestion of the amplified products with restriction enzymes ensured the specificity of the test. This rapid and sensitive assay may significantly improve the prospect for the routine screening of the uncultivatable Norwalk virus in food stuffs. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Gouvea, V AU - Santos, N AU - do Carmo Timenetsky, M AU - Estes, M K AD - Div. Mol. Biol. Res. and Eval., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 177 EP - 187 VL - 48 IS - 2-3 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Norwalk virus KW - RNA KW - deproteinization KW - detection KW - fish inspection KW - genes KW - microbial contamination KW - nucleotide sequence KW - shellfish KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Marine KW - seafood KW - viruses KW - public health KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - V 22022:Virus assay KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16953016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Reproducibility+of+the+dose-response+curve+of+steroid-induced+cleft+palate+in+mice&rft.au=Freni%2C+S+C%3BRazzaghi%2C+M%3BMoore%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Freni&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1073&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; detection; microbial contamination; RNA; shellfish; seafood; genes; viruses; fish inspection; public health; deproteinization; Norwalk virus; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recommendations for use of the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis infections AN - 16952390; 3619116 JF - Journal of Medical Microbiology AU - Meade, B D AU - Bollen, A AD - Div. Bact. Prod., HFM-490, Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 51 EP - 55 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0022-2615, 0022-2615 KW - ACT gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - insertion sequences KW - genes KW - DNA KW - diagnostic agents KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16952390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Recommendations+for+use+of+the+polymerase+chain+reaction+in+the+diagnosis+of+Bordetella+pertussis+infections&rft.au=Meade%2C+B+D%3BBollen%2C+A&rft.aulast=Meade&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00222615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; DNA; diagnostic agents; nucleotide sequence; insertion sequences; genes ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Human and quasi-Bayesian observers of images limited by quantum noise, object variability, and artifacts AN - 16948195; 189194 AB - Many investigators have pointed out the need for performance measures that describe how well the images produced by a medical imaging system aid the end user in performing a particular diagnostic task. To this end we have investigated a variety of imaging tasks to determine the applicability of Bayesian and related strategies for predicting human performance. We have compared Bayesian and human classification performance for tasks involving a number of sources of decision-variable spread, including quantum fluctuations contained in the data set, inherent biological variability within each patient class, and deterministic artifacts due to limited data sets. JF - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. Vol. 2166, pp. 180-190. 1994. AU - Myers, Kyle J AU - Wagner, Robert F AU - Hanson, Kenneth M AU - Barrett, Harrison H AU - Rolland, Jannick P Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 11 EP - 190 PB - SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS, BELLINGHAM, WA, (USA) SN - 0819414611 KW - Decision theory KW - Diagnostic performance prediction KW - Human image observers KW - Image analysis KW - Image quality KW - Medical imaging system reliability KW - Performance KW - Quasi-Bayesian image observers KW - Spurious signal noise KW - Statistical decision theory KW - Statistical methods KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Evaluation KW - Mathematical models KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 921.6:NUMERICAL METHODS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 922.2:MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16948195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Myers%2C+Kyle+J%3BWagner%2C+Robert+F%3BHanson%2C+Kenneth+M%3BBarrett%2C+Harrison+H%3BRolland%2C+Jannick+P&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=0819414611&rft.btitle=Human+and+quasi-Bayesian+observers+of+images+limited+by+quantum+noise%2C+object+variability%2C+and+artifacts&rft.title=Human+and+quasi-Bayesian+observers+of+images+limited+by+quantum+noise%2C+object+variability%2C+and+artifacts&rft.issn=0277786X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of gamma irradiation on shelf life and bacterial and viral loads in hard-shelled clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) AN - 16937408; 3612079 AB - The feasibility of using super(60)Co gamma irradiation to inactivate total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, and F-coliphage in hard-shelled clams, Mercenaria mercenaria, was investigated. The results of three trials indicated average D sub(10) values of 1.32 kGy for total coliforms, 1.39 kGy for fecal coliforms, 1.54 kGy for E. coli, 2.71 kGy for C. perfringens, and 13.50 kGy for F-coliphage. Irradiation doses of >0.5 kGy were significantly lethal to the shellfish. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Harewood, P AU - Rippey, S AU - Montesalvo, M AD - FDA Northeast Seafood Lab., Davisville, North Kingstown, RI 02852, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2666 EP - 2670 VL - 60 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - treatment KW - seafood KW - shelf life KW - bacteria KW - viruses KW - gamma radiation KW - Mercenaria mercenaria KW - contamination KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16937408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+gamma+irradiation+on+shelf+life+and+bacterial+and+viral+loads+in+hard-shelled+clams+%28Mercenaria+mercenaria%29&rft.au=Harewood%2C+P%3BRippey%2C+S%3BMontesalvo%2C+M&rft.aulast=Harewood&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2666&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mercenaria mercenaria; bacteria; viruses; contamination; shelf life; seafood; gamma radiation; treatment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incurred arsenic residues in chicken eggs AN - 16934063; 3610982 AB - Arsanilic acid and roxarsone were fed to laying hens at elemental arsenic concentrations of 14, 28, 56 or 112 ppm for 10 weeks followed by a 2-week withdrawal period. Arsenic residues in egg components of laying hens that were fed either control or diets treated with organic arsenicals were determined weekly by atomic absorption. Arsenic concentrations in eggs were also determined after either 0, 2 or 4 weeks of refrigerated storage (4 degree C). Arsenic residues in both yolk and albumen increased in a dose-dependent manner although the amount of arsenic was much higher (95% of total) in yolk. Arsenic concentrations increased within 1 week of treatment, and the highest amounts were obtained between the second and fourth week for yolk samples and by the first week for albumen samples, except in the 14-ppm doses where highest amounts were reached by the middle of the treatment period. Hens treated with 112 ppm arsenic from arsanilic acid produced eggs with arsenic residues exceeding the 500 ppb Food and Drug Administration whole egg tolerance level. Eggs subjected to refrigerated storage did not have increased arsenic concentrations in yolk, although, for a few treatments, residues increased in albumen. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Donoghue, D J AU - Hairston, H AU - Cope, C V AU - Bartholomew, MJ AU - Wagner, D D AD - Pharmacol. and Biochem. Branch, Cent. Vet. Med., FDA, Build. 328-A, Agric. Res. Cent., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 218 EP - 223 VL - 57 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - chickens KW - poultry KW - arsenic KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - residues KW - eggs KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24166:Environmental impact KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16934063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Incurred+arsenic+residues+in+chicken+eggs&rft.au=Donoghue%2C+D+J%3BHairston%2C+H%3BCope%2C+C+V%3BBartholomew%2C+MJ%3BWagner%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Donoghue&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; residues; eggs; poultry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of polyesterurethane degradation products AN - 16931988; 165797 AB - A detailed characterization of the microthane foam extractables in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and methylene chloride is presented. Multiple peak molecular weights from 105 to 665000 were found in the aqueous foam extracts following two weeks of incubation at 37 degree C using size exclusion chromatography. Toluenediamine was measured in the foam buffer extracts by high pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. JF - Journal of Applied Biomaterials AU - Luu, H-MD AU - Biles, J AU - White, K D AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, NEW YORK, NY, (USA) VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 1045-4861, 1045-4861 KW - Amines KW - Breast implants KW - Correlation methods KW - High pressure liquid chromatography KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Methylene chloride KW - Polyesters KW - Polyesterurethane KW - Polyurethanes KW - Toluenediamine KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Degradation KW - Gas chromatography KW - Size exclusion chromatography KW - Molecular weight KW - Foams KW - Hydrolysis KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 462.5:BIOMATERIALS KW - W4 801:CHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 922.2:MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS KW - W4 815.1.1:ORGANIC POLYMERS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16931988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+polyesterurethane+degradation+products&rft.au=Luu%2C+H-MD%3BBiles%2C+J%3BWhite%2C+K+D&rft.aulast=Luu&rft.aufirst=H-MD&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.issn=10454861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Degradation; Gas chromatography; Molecular weight; Size exclusion chromatography; Foams; Hydrolysis ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Simulated tissue loads for testing of transcutaneous electrical stimulators AN - 16930988; 175732 AB - Sensory and motor threshold excitation from a human study with a constant voltage source were used to develop ideal simulated loads for monophasic, biphasic and amplitude modulated waveforms to test transcutaneous electrical stimulators. A comparison with resistive loads or the AAMI standard load was made, indicating that the ideal forearm loads can more accurately represent the human loading condition. JF - Alliance for Engineering in Medicine and Biology. Proceedings of the Annual Conference. no. 84-785. 1994. AU - Kantor, Gideon AU - Alon, Gad AU - Ho, Henry S Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 PB - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA) KW - Amplitude modulated waveform KW - Amplitude modulation KW - Biphasic waveform KW - Capacitors KW - Electric resistance KW - Equipment testing KW - Living systems studies KW - Monophasic waveform KW - Resistive loads KW - Resistors KW - Tissue KW - Transcutaneous electrical simulators KW - Waveform analysis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Electrodes KW - Capacitance KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 921.6:NUMERICAL METHODS KW - W4 701.1:ELECTRICITY: BASIC CONCEPTS AND PHENOMENA KW - W4 422.2:TEST METHODS KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W4 704.1:ELECTRIC COMPONENTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16930988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kantor%2C+Gideon%3BAlon%2C+Gad%3BHo%2C+Henry+S&rft.aulast=Kantor&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Simulated+tissue+loads+for+testing+of+transcutaneous+electrical+stimulators&rft.title=Simulated+tissue+loads+for+testing+of+transcutaneous+electrical+stimulators&rft.issn=05891019&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International Council for Harmonization stability guidelines: Food and Drug Administration regulatory perspective AN - 16927113; 3605359 AB - The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) was organized to provide an opportunity for tripartite harmonization initiatives to be developed with input from both regulatory and industry representatives. ICH is concerned with harmonization of technical requirements for the registration of pharmaceutical products among three regions: the European Community, Japan, and the United States. The six ICH sponsors are the European Commission, the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations, the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Japanese Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the United States Pharmaceutical Manufactures Association. In addition, the ICH secretariat, which coordinates the preparation of documentation, is provided by the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (IFPMA). JF - Drug Information Journal AU - Kumkumian, C S AD - Off. Drug Eval. I, Cent. Drug Eval. and Res., FDA, 5000 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 635 EP - 640 VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 0092-8615, 0092-8615 KW - FDA KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - drugs KW - international cooperation KW - safety regulations KW - H SE4.28:PHARMACEUTICALS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16927113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.atitle=International+Council+for+Harmonization+stability+guidelines%3A+Food+and+Drug+Administration+regulatory+perspective&rft.au=Kumkumian%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Kumkumian&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.issn=00928615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drugs; safety regulations; international cooperation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unique aspects of orphan drug safety AN - 16922955; 3604604 AB - In December 1992, the Orphan Drug Regulations; Final Rule were published. These regulations describe the role orphan products play in developing safer drugs, and discovering safer uses for products in special populations. In many instances, the Orphan Drug Act is responsible for the discovery of better ways of producing already developed products for safe treatment of special patient populations. JF - Drug Information Journal AU - Haffner, ME AD - Off. Orphan Prod. Dev. FDA (HF-53), 5600 Fishers Lane, Rm. 8-73, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 489 EP - 494 VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0092-8615, 0092-8615 KW - orphans KW - orphan drugs KW - pharmaceuticals KW - government policy KW - government policies KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - children KW - toxicity KW - legislation KW - safety KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16922955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.atitle=Unique+aspects+of+orphan+drug+safety&rft.au=Haffner%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Haffner&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.issn=00928615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - children; toxicity; safety; legislation; government policies; pharmaceuticals; government policy ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Incorporation of fluorescently-labeled lipids into living brain slices AN - 16921454; 165970 AB - In order to identify neuronal networks, it is generally required to fix tissue followed by some specific staining procedure. A new procedure is described in this manuscript that labels brain slices that are routinely used for electrophysiological analyses. Fluorescently-labeled lipids can be incorporated into brain slices via passive exchange from exogenously applied vesicles. The labeled lipid is distributed throughout distinct cellular structures of the hippocampus and cerebellum. High resolution images of cells can be obtained and as the labeling process does not affect the electrical properties of the labeled cells, further electrophysiological analyses can be made of identifiable cells. The distribution of the lipid depends on the labeled phospholipid species. One of the lipids analyzed has been previously used for in vitro phospholipase analyses. Addition of phospholipase activating agents resulted in identification with high spatial and temporal resolution of activation of this enzyme in specific cell types. The cells affected correlated with previously identified regions of relevant pharmacological activity. This procedure shows considerable promise for monitoring biochemical changes due to physiological, toxicological, or pathological changes in intact neuronal networks. JF - Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. Vol. 2137, pp. 39-48. 1994. AU - Lester, David S Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 10 EP - 48 PB - SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS, BELLINGHAM, WA, (USA) SN - 0819414328 KW - Biomedical engineering KW - Brain slices KW - High resolution images KW - Imaging techniques KW - Labeling KW - Neuronal networks KW - Phospolipase activating agents KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Agents KW - Fluorescence KW - Biochemistry KW - Electrophysiology KW - Monitoring KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 741.1:LIGHT/OPTICS KW - W4 941.4:OPTICAL VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W4 801.2:BIOCHEMISTRY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16921454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Lester%2C+David+S&rft.aulast=Lester&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=0819414328&rft.btitle=Incorporation+of+fluorescently-labeled+lipids+into+living+brain+slices&rft.title=Incorporation+of+fluorescently-labeled+lipids+into+living+brain+slices&rft.issn=0277786X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stability of five plastics used in medical devices to oxidation produced by copper or iron ions and reducing agents AN - 16920123; 162316 AB - Metal-based formulations containing Cu(II) or Fe(III) ions plus a reducing agent, have been shown to be effective microbicidal agents and suggested for liquid disinfection or sterilization of reusable medical devices. In this study, we examined, by optical and scanning electron microscopy, the stability of five polymeric materials, commonly used in the manufacture of implantable, exploratory, and other medical devices, to oxidative challenge by metal-based formulations. No damage of any of the polymers could be attributed to repeated treatment with metal-based formulations under `in use' conditions. However, a poly(vinyl acetate-vinyl chloride) copolymer (PVC) was found to be unstable to 10 wetting/drying cycles. The polymers were also challenged once for a longer time, at higher temperature, and with reagents at concentrations far exceeding those expected to be used in disinfecting medical devices. The only damage observed after this `accelerated' testing consisted in minor pitting, or erosion, observed in polyamide and polyurethane samples exposed to formulations containing Fe(III) ions. Our results after `in-use' and `accelerated' testing indicate that silicone rubber, polyethylene, polyamide, and polyurethane polymers should be stable to treatment with Cu(II) plus hydrogen peroxide or ascorbic acid under conditions likely to be encountered in the decontamination of medical devices. The stability of these polymeric materials suggests the feasibility of using metal-based formulations for repeated disinfection of a broad range of medical devices without deleterious effects on the polymeric components. JF - Polymer Degradation and Stability AU - Sagripanti, Jose-Luis AU - Hughes-Dillon, MKathryn AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 241 EP - 246 PB - ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, OXFORD, (ENGL) VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0141-3910, 0141-3910 KW - Biomedical equipment KW - Copper KW - Iron KW - Metal based formulations KW - Optical microscopy KW - Sterilization (cleaning) KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Ions KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Disinfectants KW - Oxidation KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W4 804:CHEMICAL PRODUCTS GENERALLY KW - W4 931.3:ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS KW - W4 803:CHEMICAL AGENTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 815.1.1:ORGANIC POLYMERS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16920123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polymer+Degradation+and+Stability&rft.atitle=Stability+of+five+plastics+used+in+medical+devices+to+oxidation+produced+by+copper+or+iron+ions+and+reducing+agents&rft.au=Sagripanti%2C+Jose-Luis%3BHughes-Dillon%2C+MKathryn&rft.aulast=Sagripanti&rft.aufirst=Jose-Luis&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Polymer+Degradation+and+Stability&rft.issn=01413910&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Scanning electron microscopy; Ions; Disinfectants; Oxidation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dual role of flavonoids in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis AN - 16919140; 3604662 AB - Flavonoids, an important class of plant polyphenols, are present in fruits, vegetables, roots, tubers, bulbs, herbs, spices, legumes, tea, coffee, red wine and beer. The daily intake of flavonoids in the average American diet was estimated to be about 1 g. The present review discusses the dual role of the polyphenolic flavonoids in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, and the possible involvement of oxygen free radicals. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C: Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Reviews AU - Sahu, S C AD - Div. Toxicol. Res., U.S. FDA, Laurel, MD 20707, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 21 VL - C12 IS - 1 SN - 1059-0501, 1059-0501 KW - flavonoids KW - dietary intake KW - mutagenesis KW - free radicals KW - role KW - oxygen KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - diets KW - carcinogenesis KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16919140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+C%3A+Environmental+Carcinogenesis+and+Ecotoxicology+Reviews&rft.atitle=Dual+role+of+flavonoids+in+mutagenesis+and+carcinogenesis&rft.au=Sahu%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Sahu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=C12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+C%3A+Environmental+Carcinogenesis+and+Ecotoxicology+Reviews&rft.issn=10590501&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carcinogenesis; oxygen; reviews; diets; dietary intake; mutagenesis; free radicals; role ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development effects of combined exposure to ethanol and vitamin A AN - 16914303; 3598581 AB - The potential for ethanol (EtOH) to influence the developmental toxicity of vitamin A was investigated. 11 groups of approximately 31 FDA-bred Osborne-Mendel rats received either a control or isocaloric 6.4% EtOH liquid diet (containing 4000 IU vitamin A/litre) ad lib. In general, pups exposed to ethanol and vitamin A had a tendency to weigh less than those exposure to vitamin A alone, but to weigh more than those exposed to EtOH alone. EtOH combined with vitamin A at 80,000 IU/kg resulted in an increased incidence of cleft palate relative to the vehicle control or either treatment alone. The incidence of exencephaly and protruding tongue was significantly greater in the group given vitamin A at 160,000 IU/kg, compared with the vehicle control group. The most consistent statistically significant skeletal finding in the groups receiving combined treatment was a treatment-related increased incidence of supernumerary ribs [14th rib (C7), 14th rib bud (L1) and 15 ribs]. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Whitby, KE AU - Collins, TFX AU - Welsh, J J AU - Black, T N AU - Flynn, T AU - Shackelford, M AU - Ware, SE AU - O'Donnell, M W AU - Sundaresan, PR AD - Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, 200 C St. SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 305 EP - 320 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - ethanol KW - retinol KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - teratogenicity KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16914303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Development+effects+of+combined+exposure+to+ethanol+and+vitamin+A&rft.au=Whitby%2C+KE%3BCollins%2C+TFX%3BWelsh%2C+J+J%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BFlynn%2C+T%3BShackelford%2C+M%3BWare%2C+SE%3BO%27Donnell%2C+M+W%3BSundaresan%2C+PR&rft.aulast=Whitby&rft.aufirst=KE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - teratogenicity ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Update on migration research and regulatory initiatives AN - 16914113; 3598399 AB - The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) current research programme on migration from food packaging materials focuses on high-temperature packaging applications. Results from two studies conducted by Arthur D. Little, Inc., under contract to the FDA, are presented as well as highlights of the FDA's research programme on migration from microwave heat susceptor packaging. Some regulatory policy issues affecting the FDA's future regulation of food packaging materials are also examined. JF - Food Additives and Contaminants [FOOD ADDIT. CONTAM.]. Vol. 11, no. 2. 1994. AU - Schwartz, P S A2 - Ashby, R A2 - Tice, P (eds) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 KW - packaging materials KW - migration KW - research KW - foods KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - plastics KW - USA KW - packaging KW - food KW - safety regulations KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.23:FOOD PACKAGING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16914113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Update+on+migration+research+and+regulatory+initiatives&rft.title=Update+on+migration+research+and+regulatory+initiatives&rft.issn=0265293X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Optimization of the analytical performance of the magnetic sector mass spectrometer for the identification of residual chloramphenicol in shrimp AN - 16912541; 152924 AB - Chemical noise limits mass spectrometric detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) with electron capture ionization at low resolution, and makes CAP identification at concentrations of 5 parts per billion (ppb) difficult. Increasing the resolution from 1000 to 3500, however, was sufficient to separate the analyte signals from the noise signals, and resulted in a 100 times higher analytical sensitivity. The introduction of sweep gas in the ion source decreased the scattering of the quantitative results on average by a factor of 7, and thereby improved the precision of the analyses to an acceptable level (CV < 10%). Under such conditions, CAP residues of 1.5 and 2.1 ppb in shrimp as determined by electron capture gas chromatography/mass spectrometry can readily be identified by monitoring four diagnostic ions. JF - Biological Mass Spectrometry AU - Aladar Bencsath, F AU - Plakas, Steven M AU - Long, Austin R AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, AL, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 665 EP - 674 VL - 23 IS - 11 SN - 1052-9306, 1052-9306 KW - Antibiotics KW - Chemical noise KW - Chloramphenicol KW - Derivativation KW - Electron capture ionization KW - Food products KW - Ion sources KW - Mass spectrometric detection KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Sensitivity analysis KW - Shrimp KW - Solid phase extraction KW - Solvent extraction KW - Sweep gas KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Gas chromatography KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Monitoring KW - Ionization KW - W4 801.4:PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 943.3:SPECIAL PURPOSE INSTRUMENTS KW - W4 732.2:CONTROL INSTRUMENTATION KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16912541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.atitle=Optimization+of+the+analytical+performance+of+the+magnetic+sector+mass+spectrometer+for+the+identification+of+residual+chloramphenicol+in+shrimp&rft.au=Aladar+Bencsath%2C+F%3BPlakas%2C+Steven+M%3BLong%2C+Austin+R&rft.aulast=Aladar+Bencsath&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=665&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.issn=10529306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Liquid chromatography; Gas chromatography; Monitoring; Ionization ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sources and atmospheric distribution of particulate and gas-phase boron AN - 16912086; 3600664 AB - Atmospheric samples were collected during warm and cold weather conditions at continental, coastal and marine sites. Source sampling was performed at a coal-fired power plant and several volcanic sites. Atmospheric gas-phase and particulate boron concentrations were determined by neutron capture prompt-gamma activation analysis and compared to measurements from other studies. Rain and snow samples collected at one continental site were analysed for soluble and insoluble B. Volcanic deposit and ash samples were also analysed for B. The tropospheric burdens for particulate and gas-phase B were estimated to be 0.6 x 10 super(10) g and (6-11) x 10 super(10) g, respectively, with the latter about a factor of 3 lower than previous estimates. Global anthropogenic particulate and gas-phase B source estimates were consistent with previous estimates, and natural particulate and gas-phase B source estimates agreed reasonably well with previously reported upper limits. About 65-85% of total B source strength can be attributed to the oceans, and 8-20% to coal, agricultural, fuelwood and refuse burning. Volcanism may contribute 6-15% of the total, but accurate source estimates are difficult. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Anderson, D L AU - Kitto, ME AU - McCarthy, L AU - Zoller, W H AD - FDA Lab., NIST bldg. 235/B125, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1401 EP - 1410 VL - 28 IS - 8 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - monitoring measurements KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - atmosphere KW - boron KW - troposphere KW - gases KW - particulates KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16912086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=Sources+and+atmospheric+distribution+of+particulate+and+gas-phase+boron&rft.au=Anderson%2C+D+L%3BKitto%2C+ME%3BMcCarthy%2C+L%3BZoller%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - atmosphere; particulates; boron; gases; troposphere ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo delivery of interleukin-4 by a recombinant vaccinia virus prevents tumor development in mice AN - 16907199; 3602768 AB - To study the immunotherapeutic potential of interleukin-4 (IL-4) delivered in vivo via a recombinant vaccinia virus, a thymidine kinase-negative (TK super(-)) vaccinia virus that expressed the murine IL-4 gene (VV1/IL-4) was constructed. When mice were inoculated with 10 super(7) plaque-forming units (pfu) of VV1/IL-4 subcutaneously (s.c.), 10 super(5) pfu/cm super(2) were found in skin, and smaller numbers in liver and kidney between 1 and 7 days after infection; few viral pfu were found in spleen and lung, or in any organ after intravenous infection. This suggested that recombinant vaccinia viruses might be most efficient at delivery of cytokine genes to the skin. Because IL-4 has recently been found to have potent anti-tumor activity, the effect of recombinant virus infection on the development of s.c. tumors was studied. A single s.c. inoculation with VV1/IL-4 delayed the development of NCTC 2472 tumors, but when VV1/IL-4 was inoculated s.c. weekly for 8 weeks, tumor development was completely prevented in 93% of mice. Similarly, the development of M-3 melanoma tumors was also prevented by weekly s.c. inoculations of VV1/IL-4. About 40% of mice treated with control VV2/ beta gal by the same regimen also failed to develop tumors. Weekly virus treatment did not prevent NCTC 2472 tumor development in athymic nu/nu mice, suggesting that mature T cells are required for expression of VV1/IL-4 induced antitumor activity. Thus, recombinant vaccinia viruses may be especially well suited for convenient therapeutic delivery of immunomodulator genes to skin-related sites. JF - Human Gene Therapy AU - Elkins, K L AU - Ennist, D L AU - Winegar, R K AU - Weir, J P AD - Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Dis., DBP, CBER, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 809 EP - 820 VL - 5 IS - 7 SN - 1043-0342, 1043-0342 KW - development KW - gene therapy KW - interleukin 4 KW - mice KW - recombinants KW - tumors KW - vaccinia virus KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Human Genome Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33180:Gene based (protocols, clinical trials, and animal models) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16907199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=In+vivo+delivery+of+interleukin-4+by+a+recombinant+vaccinia+virus+prevents+tumor+development+in+mice&rft.au=Elkins%2C+K+L%3BEnnist%2C+D+L%3BWinegar%2C+R+K%3BWeir%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Elkins&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=10430342&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gene therapy; recombinants; development; interleukin 4; tumors; vaccinia virus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing conservatism in risk estimation for mixtures of carcinogens AN - 16905463; 3602670 AB - The excess cancer risk that might result from exposure to a mixture of chemical carcinogens usually must be estimated using data from experiments conducted with individual chemicals. In estimating such risk, it is commonly assumed that the total risk due to the mixture is the sum of the risks of the individual components, provided that the risks associated with individual chemicals at levels present in the mixture are low. This assumption, while itself not necessarily conservative, has led to the conservative practice of summing individual upper-bound risk estimates in order to obtain an upper bound on the total excess cancer risk for a mixture. Less conservative procedures are described here and are illustrated for the case of a mixture of four carcinogens. JF - Risk Analysis AU - Kodell, R L AU - Chen, J J AD - Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 327 EP - 332 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - probability KW - Risk Abstracts KW - carcinogenicity KW - chemicals KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16905463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Reducing+conservatism+in+risk+estimation+for+mixtures+of+carcinogens&rft.au=Kodell%2C+R+L%3BChen%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Kodell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chemicals; carcinogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential air deflation quality assurance test for surgical gloves AN - 16904591; 148108 AB - A new quality assurance (QA) test for surgeon's gloves is described which uses a sensitive differential pressure gage to detect glove holes as small as 0.020 mm. The test can be performed quickly and without damage to the glove. Standard holes in nickel masks, ranging in diameter from 0.015 mm to 0.10 mm, were used to calibrate test sensitivity. Air pressure losses in test gloves were compared directly to air pressure in an intact glove. Holes in glove fingers and in glove palms were made with an excimer laser and also with an acupuncture needle. These gloves were then tested with this differential air deflation test and with the standard 1000 mL water fill test. The new test offers similar test sensitivity to the 1000 mL test and, in addition, offers the possibility of quantitative leak testing. JF - Journal of Testing & Evaluation AU - Carey, Ronald F AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 440 EP - 446 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0090-3973, 0090-3973 KW - Surgical gloves KW - Air deflation test KW - Leakage test KW - Leakage (fluid) KW - Quality assurance KW - Pressure gages KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 943.1:MECHANICAL INSTRUMENTS KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W4 913.3:QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 423.2:TEST METHODS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16904591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Testing+%26+Evaluation&rft.atitle=Differential+air+deflation+quality+assurance+test+for+surgical+gloves&rft.au=Carey%2C+Ronald+F&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=440&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Testing+%26+Evaluation&rft.issn=00903973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Redox reactivity of modified hemoglobins with hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide: toxicological implications AN - 16899718; 140920 AB - The rapid unloading of oxygen to tissue and the prevention of subunit dissociation have been the main concerns in the search for an effective hemoglobin-based red cell substitute. The presence of redox active iron however, raises some questions about its potential to enter into reactions that mediate the formation of cytotoxic oxygen free radicals. We tested the propensity of modified hemoglobins to undergo oxidative damage by peroxide (H sub(2)O sub(2)). We found differences in their susceptibility to oxidative modification and in their ability to form the highly cytotoxic ferryl species. This protein-associated oxidant may be a physiologically important contributor to reperfusion injury. Another potential mechanism of toxicity involves the reaction of cell-free hemoglobin with endothelium derived nitric oxide (NO). Marked hypertensive responses in intact animals infused with some of these hemoglobins were reported. Cell-free hemoglobin has the potential to bind the endothelial generated NO yielding methemoglobin and nitrate, an extremely rapid reaction in vivo. We describe subsequent redox reactions between NO and methemoglobin which may further deplete NO as a biological transducer, leading to greater effects on the extent of endothelial-dependent responses. The consequences of a potential linkage between oxidative toxicity of cell-free hemoglobin and its interaction with NO is addressed. JF - ARTIF CELLS BLOOD SUBSTITUTES IMMOBILIZATION BIOTECHNOL AU - Alayash, AI AU - Ryan, BABrockner AU - Frantantoni, J C AU - Cashon, R E Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 373 EP - 386 VL - 22 IS - 3 KW - Biological transducer KW - Hemoglobins KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Nitrates KW - Nitrogen oxides KW - Oxygen KW - Redox reactions KW - Toxicology KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Physiology KW - Toxicity KW - Chemical modification KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 804.2:INORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16899718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ARTIF+CELLS+BLOOD+SUBSTITUTES+IMMOBILIZATION+BIOTECHNOL&rft.atitle=Redox+reactivity+of+modified+hemoglobins+with+hydrogen+peroxide+and+nitric+oxide%3A+toxicological+implications&rft.au=Alayash%2C+AI%3BRyan%2C+BABrockner%3BFrantantoni%2C+J+C%3BCashon%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Alayash&rft.aufirst=AI&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ARTIF+CELLS+BLOOD+SUBSTITUTES+IMMOBILIZATION+BIOTECHNOL&rft.issn=10731199&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of porphyria cutanea tarda in U.S. workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin AN - 16888545; 3577724 AB - A cross-sectional medical study was performed to evaluate whether occupational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-contaminated substances is associated with porphyria cutanea tarda or porphyrinuria. The exposed participants were employed more than 15 years earlier in the manufacture of sodium trichlorophenol and its derivatives. The referent group consisted of individuals with no occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides. A total of 281 workers and 260 referents participated. The pattern of urinary porphyrin excretion for each participant was assessed to determine if symptomatic or subclinical porphyria cutanea tarda was present. None of the participants were found to have symptomatic porphyria cutanea tarda. No difference was found between workers and referents in the prevalence of subclinical porphyria cutanea tarda (odds ratio [OR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.19, 4.54). There were also no differences in the risk between workers and referents for an out-of-range urinary uroporphyrin or coproporphyrin concentration. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Calvert, G M AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Fingerhut, MA AU - Hornung, R W AU - Halperin, W E AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., R-16, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 559 EP - 571 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - TCDD KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - porphyria KW - occupational exposure KW - H SI0.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16888545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+porphyria+cutanea+tarda+in+U.S.+workers+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BFingerhut%2C+MA%3BHornung%2C+R+W%3BHalperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - porphyria; TCDD; occupational exposure; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herpes virus infection and repair in cells pretreated with gilvocarcin V or merocyanine 540 and radiation AN - 16868015; 3578230 AB - Pretreatment of mammalian cells with certain genotoxic agents decreases the ability of the cell monolayers to support virus plaque formation but enhances repair of UV-irradiated virus. This study was made to determine whether these phenomena extend to pretreatments with light and photosensitizers, including one dye that primarily affects cell membranes. Confluent CV-1 monkey kidney fibroblast monolayers were pretreated with either gilvocarcin V (GV) or merocyanine 540 (MC540) and light of appropriate wavelengths and infected with control or UV-irradiated herpes simplex virus (HSV). GV phototreatment is known to affect cells at the DNA level, and MC540 at the membrane level. UV radiation served as a positive control pretreatment. Phototoxic concentrations of GV and MC540 were determined via the capacity of pretreated cell monolayers to support plaque formation by unirradiated HSV. Parallel monolayer pretreatment and subsequent infection by UV-irradiated HSV demonstrated that both types of phototreatments enhanced virus survival, but the dose responses and time courses were different. The DNA-damaging GV phototreatment mimicked the effect of UV-irradiating the cells and produced delayed enhanced repair of UV-irradiated virus. However, the MC540-phototreatment produced enhancement of virus survival with a bimodal dose response pattern for immediate infection, suggesting a different route for affecting repair of damaged virus. JF - Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology AU - Lytle, C D AU - Routson, L B AU - Prodouz, K N AD - Cent. Devices and Radiol. Health, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 57 EP - 62 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 1011-1344, 1011-1344 KW - gilvocarcin V KW - merocyanine 540 KW - monkeys KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - treatment KW - DNA repair KW - U.V. radiation KW - fibroblasts KW - infection KW - herpes simplex virus KW - V 22023:Virus behavior in cell culture KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - N 14652:DNA repair UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16868015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Photochemistry+and+Photobiology+B%3A+Biology&rft.atitle=Herpes+virus+infection+and+repair+in+cells+pretreated+with+gilvocarcin+V+or+merocyanine+540+and+radiation&rft.au=Lytle%2C+C+D%3BRoutson%2C+L+B%3BProdouz%2C+K+N&rft.aulast=Lytle&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Analyst&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herpes simplex virus; infection; DNA repair; U.V. radiation; treatment; fibroblasts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - beta -Carotene inhibition of chemically induced toxicity in vivo and in vitro AN - 16862522; 3575028 AB - In the past several years there has been a great deal of interest in the antioxidant beta -carotene and other micronutrients for their protective potential against various toxic insults. Two studies concerning the protective effects of beta -carotene, which were conducted in our laboratory, are reported here. The first involved the role of beta -carotene in modifying two-stage skin tumorigenesis initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and promoted by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, TPA). In this study, the protective effects of two types of dietary beta -carotene, a beadlet formulation and crystalline beta -carotene, were compared in two strains of mice (Skh:HR-1 and CR:ORL Sencar). Mice were maintained on food fortified with 3% beta -carotene or on control diets. Mice receiving the beta -carotene-supplemented diets had fewer tumours than mice in the control groups. However, only in the Skin strain of mice was this difference statistically significant. In the second study, an in vitro experiment, BALBc 3T3 mouse fibroblasts were used to determine beta -carotene's accumulation in cells and the ability of these cells to metabolize beta -carotene to vitamin A. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Kornhauser, A AU - Wamer, W G AU - Lambert, LA AU - Wei, R R AD - Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 149 EP - 154 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - beta -carotene KW - effects on KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - in vitro KW - xenobiotics KW - in vivo KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16862522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=beta+-Carotene+inhibition+of+chemically+induced+toxicity+in+vivo+and+in+vitro&rft.au=Kornhauser%2C+A%3BWamer%2C+W+G%3BLambert%2C+LA%3BWei%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Kornhauser&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - xenobiotics; toxicity; in vivo; in vitro ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunoblot analyses of chimpanzee sera after infection and after immunization and challenge with Mycoplasma pneumoniae AN - 16856900; 3574156 AB - Consecutive weekly or biweekly serum specimens obtained during a 3- or 4-month study from 16 chimpanzees were examined by immunoblot analyses to identify the immunogenic components of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Six experimentally infected chimpanzees showed significant signs of overt disease, including cough, pharyngitis, rhinitis, fever, and loss of appetite. The sera of these infected chimpanzees recognized from 17 to 20 protein bands. Two control chimpanzees that were not inoculated were included in the study. Three chimpanzees immunized with a formalin-inactivated OSU-1A vaccine and three chimpanzees immunized with an experimental acellular vaccine showed minimal signs of disease on challenge. After challenge, the serum immunoblot responses of the immunized chimpanzees were similar to those of the infected chimpanzees. Before challenge, the sera of two previously infected chimpanzees recognized protein bands of 169 (which comigrated with the P1 adhesin), 148, 130, 117, 86, 61, 44, 35, 30, and 29 kDa. After challenge, the previously infected chimpanzees showed the most intense serum immunoblot responses and were most protected against colonization and disease. The sera from each of the 16 chimpanzees examined recognized a large number of immunogenic components, and the serum immunoblot responses were virtually identical to those of patients. Sera from each chimpanzee and patient recognized 169-, 148-, 130-, 117-, 86-, 44-, and 35-kDa bands and many of them recognized 67-, 63-, 61-, 56-, 32-, 30-, and 29-kDa protein bands. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Franzoso, G AU - Hu, P-C AU - Meloni, G A AU - Barile, M F AD - Lab. Mycoplasma, Div. Bact. Prod., Cent. Biol. Evaluation Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1008 EP - 1014 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - immunization KW - Western blotting KW - challenge KW - immunoblotting KW - serum KW - Mycoplasma pneumoniae KW - Pan troglodytes KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16856900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Immunoblot+analyses+of+chimpanzee+sera+after+infection+and+after+immunization+and+challenge+with+Mycoplasma+pneumoniae&rft.au=Franzoso%2C+G%3BHu%2C+P-C%3BMeloni%2C+G+A%3BBarile%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Franzoso&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1008&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Pan troglodytes; immunization; challenge; serum; immunoblotting; Western blotting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bacterium-host cell interactions at the cellular level: Fluorescent labeling of bacteria and analysis of short-term bacterium-phagocyte interaction by flow cytometry AN - 16854415; 3571148 AB - Flow cytometry is a potentially powerful tool for analyzing the interactions of facultative intracellular bacteria and macrophages on a cellular level, particularly when fluorochromes are used to label the bacteria. We labeled Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium with a lipophilic dye, PKH-2, and used flow cytometry to investigate phagocytosis by J774A.1 cells and short-term bacterial survival. Labeled and unlabeled bacteria were identical in terms of viability, growth kinetics, and survival within macrophages, although recovery per macrophage was much greater for L. monocytogenes than for S. typhimurium. Using L. monocytogenes as a prototypical facultative intracellular bacterium, we estimated bacterial survival during phagocytosis on the basis of linear fluorescence measurements of infected J774A.1 cells and recovery of L. monocytogenes from sorted cells. The results indicated that survival of L. monocytogenes was dependent on the adaptations of a small fraction of bacteria within a population of macrophages which permit intracellular growth. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Raybourne, R B AU - Bunning, V K AD - FDA, Immunobiol. Branch, MOD I, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 665 EP - 672 VL - 62 IS - 2 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - fluorescent labelling KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - phagocytes KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - cell interactions KW - flow cytometry KW - macrophages KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16854415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Bacterium-host+cell+interactions+at+the+cellular+level%3A+Fluorescent+labeling+of+bacteria+and+analysis+of+short-term+bacterium-phagocyte+interaction+by+flow+cytometry&rft.au=Raybourne%2C+R+B%3BBunning%2C+V+K&rft.aulast=Raybourne&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=665&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Salmonella typhimurium; phagocytes; cell interactions; flow cytometry; macrophages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injury hazards in the construction industry AN - 16853117; 3569862 AB - Although many occupational injury studies have been conducted on the construction industry, fatal injuries and lost work time injuries in this industry continue to rank among the highest in the nation. This paper presents an analysis of nonfatal (1981 through 1986) and fatal (1980 through 1989) traumatic occupational injuries in the construction industry using the Supplementary Data System and the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities data bases. The lost workday case rate in construction was 10.1 per 100 full-time workers, which was nearly 2.5 times the occupational injury rate for all industries combined. The construction industry had an overall fatality rate of 25.6 per 100,000 full-time workers. This rate was more than 3.5 times the occupational fatality rate for all industries in the United States for the same period. To prevent occupational injuries and fatalities in the construction industry, intervention measures need to target specific occupations: machine operators, transportation workers, and craftspeople. Intervention measures also need to target such causes of injury as falls, electrocutions, and motor vehicle incidents. JF - J. OCCUP. MED. AU - Kisner, S M AU - Fosbroke, DE AD - Surveillance and Field Invest. Branch, Div. Saf. Res., ALOSH, NIOSH, CDC, 944 Chestnut Ridge Rd., Morgantown, WV, 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 137 EP - 143 VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - occupational safety KW - construction industry KW - hazards KW - injuries KW - mortality KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H SI1.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16853117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+OCCUP.+MED.&rft.atitle=Injury+hazards+in+the+construction+industry&rft.au=Kisner%2C+S+M%3BFosbroke%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Kisner&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+OCCUP.+MED.&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mortality; construction industry; injuries; hazards; occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Bordetella pertussis infection by shared-primer PCR AN - 16852137; 3574139 AB - A shared-primer PCR method for the detection of infection was developed by using primers derived from DNA sequences upstream of the structural genes for the porin proteins of Bordetella pertussis and Bordetella parapertussis. This method resulted in a 159-bp PCR product specific for B. pertussis and a 121-bp DNA fragment specific for B. parapertussis and allowed for the simultaneous detection of these pathogens. The PCR procedure was shown to be very specific since no PCR product was obtained from 36 non-Bordetella bacterial DNAs. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from children suspected of having pertussis were evaluated by the PCR method, culture, and the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell assay, which detects pertussis toxin. B. pertussis was cultured from 119 of 205 NPAs assayed, and the presence of pertussis toxin was detected in 69 of the NPAs by the CHO cell assay. When ethidium bromide staining was used to detect PCR products, 100 NPAs gave positive results by shared-primer PCR; 94 of these NPAs were also positive by culture. The result indicated a sensitivity of 79% for PCR when culture was used as the standard. The sensitivity of PCR was increased to 95% when a digoxigenin immunoblot system was used. An additional 20 NPAs from patients with suspected pertussis that were culture negative also gave positive results by PCR. The specific and sensitive PCR method described here should be useful for both the clinical diagnosis of pertussis and case identification in vaccine trials. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Li, Z AU - Jansen, D L AU - Finn, T M AU - Halperin, SA AU - Kasina, A AU - O'Connor, S P AU - Aoyama, T AU - Manclark, C R AU - Brennan, MJ AD - Lab. Pertussis, Div. Bact. Prod., Cent. Biol. Eval. Res., U.S. FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 783 EP - 789 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - identification KW - infection KW - proteins KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16852137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Bordetella+pertussis+infection+by+shared-primer+PCR&rft.au=Li%2C+Z%3BJansen%2C+D+L%3BFinn%2C+T+M%3BHalperin%2C+SA%3BKasina%2C+A%3BO%27Connor%2C+S+P%3BAoyama%2C+T%3BManclark%2C+C+R%3BBrennan%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=783&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; infection; identification; polymerase chain reaction; proteins; nucleotide sequence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury deaths among females. The US experience for the decade 1980 to 1989 AN - 16850677; 3570362 AB - Research has demonstrated that the occupational fatality experience of females is not adequately described by the group of all workers. The leading cause of death for all workers is motor vehicle incidents, while the leading cause of occupational injury death of females is homicide. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has compiled a decade of data on the fatal occupational injury experience of US workers, providing a sufficient number of female cases to allow separate analyses. Over the decade, 3821 females died as a result of injuries sustained at work, with an average annual fatality rate of 0.82/100,000 female workers. Among industries, retail trade and services accounted for nearly half of all occupational injury deaths to females. The detailed occupations with the highest rates of work-related injury death were airplane pilots and navigators, drivers of heavy trucks, construction laborers, and police and detectives. Information on the causes of work-related injury death by occupation is fundamental to the prevention of these deaths. The causes of death in the highest-risk occupations included aircraft crashes, motor vehicle collisions, pedestrians struck by motor vehicles, and homicides by firearms. These data provide a foundation for the prevention of occupational injury deaths among females in the United States. JF - Annals of Epidemiology AU - Jenkins, EL AD - NIOSH/Div. Saf. Res., 944 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 146 EP - 151 VL - 4 IS - 2 SN - 1047-2797, 1047-2797 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - occupational safety KW - USA KW - injuries KW - mortality KW - females KW - H SI0.4:ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16850677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+deaths+among+females.+The+US+experience+for+the+decade+1980+to+1989&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=10472797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; mortality; occupational safety; injuries; females ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-response relationship in skin sensitization AN - 16849268; 3572389 AB - The dose-response relationship (challenge phase) of the skin sensitization response was investigated in previously sensitized Hartley guinea pigs. Larger numbers of animals were used per group at the lower doses so that statistically significant observations could be made. Model compounds known to be skin sensitizers were used: a strong sensitizer, dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), and a weaker sensitizer, p-phenylenediamine (PPDA). A gradation in response to changing DNCB doses was easily observed by using either the open epicutaneous test (OET) or the Buehler occlusive patch test. The Buehler test was used to study the dose-response relationship of DNCB sensitization. The sensitivity of the OET and Buehler test was judged not adequate to measure the dose response for PPDA, because at high doses a high incidence of responders was not obtained. Therefore, the maximization test was used to evaluate PPDA. Similar, non-linear dose-response curves were obtained with each compound. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Bronaugh, R L AU - Roberts, C D AU - McCoy, J L AD - Div. Sci. and Appl. Technol., Cosmet. Toxicol. Branch, HFS-128, FDA, 200 C St. SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 113 EP - 117 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - dose-response relationships KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - sensitization KW - xenobiotics KW - skin KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16849268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Dose-response+relationship+in+skin+sensitization&rft.au=Bronaugh%2C+R+L%3BRoberts%2C+C+D%3BMcCoy%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Bronaugh&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - skin; sensitization; xenobiotics; toxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transgenic fish: Safe to eat? A look at the safety considerations regarding food transgenics AN - 16842554; 3567058 AB - Some of the food safety questions that may arise in connection with transgenic fish are reviewed here. Although this article does not address the potential impacts of transgenesis on the nutrient quality of the fish or possible environmental effects, it does extend to the food safety evaluation of transgenic fish the approach used to compare transgenic land animals with their traditional counterparts. Fish provide a particularly interesting example because of the presence of toxins in some species. Many commonly consumed fish species are occasionally associated with toxins, and fish are "bracketed" by toxin-producing neighbors in the evolutionary hierarchy. This raises the question about the possibility of transgenes "turning on" unexpressed genes for toxins in species of fish in which they are not normally expressed. However, as discussed in detail below, toxins in common food fish are of exogenous origin and are not produced by fish genes. This discussion of the food safety of transgenic fish is organized around three unique elements of the technology: The safety of the DNA inserted into the fish, the safety of the transgene product, and the safety of unexpected consequences resulting from the insertion of the DNA segment into the recipient chromosome, commonly referred to as pleiotropic effects. The topics are addressed in order of increasing complexity. JF - Bio/Technology (new title: Nature Biotechnology?) AU - Berkowitz, D B AU - Kryspin-Sorensen, I AD - Off. Small Bus. Sci. Trade Affairs, U.S. FDA, (FDA) HF-50, 5600 Fishers Ln. Room 15-61, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 247 EP - 252 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0733-222X, 0733-222X KW - biological poisons KW - fish KW - human food KW - man-induced effects KW - quality assurance KW - resistance KW - transgenic animals KW - transgenic fish KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - Freshwater KW - growth rate KW - diseases KW - biotechnology KW - food KW - public health KW - Q4 27330:Fish culture KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16842554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bio%2FTechnology+%28new+title%3A+Nature+Biotechnology%3F%29&rft.atitle=Transgenic+fish%3A+Safe+to+eat%3F+A+look+at+the+safety+considerations+regarding+food+transgenics&rft.au=Berkowitz%2C+D+B%3BKryspin-Sorensen%2C+I&rft.aulast=Berkowitz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bio%2FTechnology+%28new+title%3A+Nature+Biotechnology%3F%29&rft.issn=0733222X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biotechnology; biological poisons; quality assurance; food; fish; human food; man-induced effects; growth rate; diseases; public health; resistance; transgenic animals; Marine; Brackish; Freshwater ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Aeromonas hydrophila group AN - 16842322; 3778252 AB - Controversy concerning pathogenicity still remains. At present, there are great difficulties assessing the regulatory significance of Aeromonas species in foods. From a clinical standpoint, no doubt the organism is of great concern to immunocompromised patients with underlying malignancies. Foods containing high levels of Aeromonas species destined for these individuals should be regarded hazardous. On the other hand, the role of foods containing high levels of Aeromonas species destined for healthy individuals is uncertain. Although Aeromonas has been implicated in cases of gastrointestinal illness from foods, the exact mechanism by which Aeromonas species cause disease is not understood fully. Confusion concerning the assessment of pathogenicity remains unsolved. This was made evident in human feeding studies of virulent viable strains of Aeromonas species (high doses ranging from 10 super(4) to 10 super(10)) to 57 volunteers; only 2 developed mild diarrhea. One explanation for the failure of these strains to elicit diarrhea was presented. Kirov et al. observed the inability of Aeromonas species to adhere to the intestinal mucosa. This observation was noted in the shift of pilated environmental isolates toward nonpilated forms once the intestinal tract was infected. The nonpilated forms isolated from stools would be noninfective when used in challenge studies. The objectives of this chapter are to review the available information concerning this emerging recognizable pathogen. The reader is given information needed to assess further epidemiology, pathogenicity, management, detection, and isolation. JF - MARCEL DEKKER, INC., NEW YORK, NY (USA). 1994. AU - Abeyta, C Jr AU - Palumbo, SA AU - Stelma, GN Jr A2 - Hui, YH A2 - Gorham, JR A2 - Murrell, KD A2 - Cliver, DO (eds) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 PB - MARCEL DEKKER, INC., NEW YORK, NY (USA) SN - 0824790634 KW - bacterial diseases KW - detection KW - food poisoning KW - food-borne diseases KW - human food KW - microbial contamination KW - pathogenicity KW - toxins KW - treatment KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - epidemiology KW - pathogens KW - Aeromonas KW - seafood KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - Q1 08621:General KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16842322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Abeyta%2C+C+Jr%3BPalumbo%2C+SA%3BStelma%2C+GN+Jr&rft.aulast=Abeyta&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0824790634&rft.btitle=Aeromonas+hydrophila+group&rft.title=Aeromonas+hydrophila+group&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Histidine 21 does not play a major role in diphtheria toxin catalysis AN - 16842225; 3567790 AB - It has been proposed that the histidine at position 21 (H21) of the diphtheria toxin A subunit (DTA) plays an important role in the ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) activity of the toxin. The region of DT encompassing H21 demonstrates sequence similarity with other toxins exhibiting ADPRT activity, is located along the catalytic cleft of DTA, and when H21 is chemically modified, ADPRT activity is abolished. H21 was mutagenized by a polymerase chain reaction-based system whereby all alternative amino acids were substituted in place of the histidine. The majority of the substitutions virtually abolished enzymatic activity, the exception being a mutant in which H21 was replaced with asparagine (DTA-H21N). This mutant demonstrated only a slight increase in K sub(m) and relatively small decreases in both reaction rate (k sub(cat)) and catalytic efficiency (k sub(cat)/K sub(m)). Asparagine is a sterically conserved substitution, but its side-chain is unable to replace the imidazole group of histidine in general acid-base mechanisms or to participate in electrostatic interactions. This suggests that H21 is important in maintaining a steric conformation required for catalysis rather than in participating in an electrostatic or acid-base type of exchange. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Johnson, V G AU - Nicholls, P J AD - Lab. Bact. Toxins, Div. Bact. Prod., CBER, FDA, Build. 29, Rm. 103, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 4349 EP - 4354 VL - 269 IS - 6 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - histidine KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - toxins KW - mutagenesis KW - enzymatic activity KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae KW - kinetics KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16842225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Histidine+21+does+not+play+a+major+role+in+diphtheria+toxin+catalysis&rft.au=Johnson%2C+V+G%3BNicholls%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=4349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Corynebacterium diphtheriae; toxins; kinetics; enzymatic activity; mutagenesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Completeness of adverse drug experience reporting to the EDA: II. A comparison of manufacturer and direct reports on new molecular entities AN - 16840024; 3565543 AB - Two channels for reporting domestic, spontaneous adverse drug experiences (ADEs) on Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Form 1639 were compared for completeness: 1639 reports submitted directly by health professionals to the FDA versus ADE concerns communicated by health professionals to manufacturers who then sent this information on 1639 forms to the FDA. These two channels were compared on ADE reporting completeness for the first three years of marketing for new molecular entities (NMEs) approved in 1988 and 1989. Completion rates were computed for those FDA-computerized fields on the 1639 form for which completion is not required for data entry (eg, age, sex, ADE onset date) but is necessary for pharmacoepidemiological studies. The two channels were also compared on completion rates for reports containing outcomes of death or hospitalization. JF - Drug Information Journal AU - Britt, AL AU - Knapp, DE AD - HFD-737, FDA, 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 315 EP - 321 VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 0092-8615, 0092-8615 KW - FDA KW - reporting KW - government policy KW - federal policies KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - side effects KW - USA KW - drugs KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16840024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.atitle=Completeness+of+adverse+drug+experience+reporting+to+the+EDA%3A+II.+A+comparison+of+manufacturer+and+direct+reports+on+new+molecular+entities&rft.au=Britt%2C+AL%3BKnapp%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Britt&rft.aufirst=AL&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=315&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.issn=00928615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; drugs; side effects; federal policies; government policy ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Yersinia AN - 16839412; 3778253 AB - In the United States, there are an estimated 3000 to 20,000 cases of yersiniosis per year; therefore, Yersinia species are not frequent causes of foodborne diseases. However, within the past 15 years, 4 outbreaks of gastroenteritis caused by Y. enterocolitica were traced to contaminated water and a variety of dairy products and sporadic infections by Y. enterocolitica continue to be a common problem in Scandinavia and Northern Europe. Incidences of waterborne and foodborne infections caused by Y. pseudotuberculosis also have been prevalent in Japan. Yersinia species are ubiquitous and may be found in water, soil, vegetables, milk, and a wide variety of meats, but the only known reservoir for Y. enterocolitica is pork. Isolation of Yersinia species from foods requires a lengthy cold enrichment followed by alkali treatment before plating on selective medium to isolate the organism. Presence of Yersinia species in foods is not always associated with disease because most Yersinia are not virulent. Therefore, all isolates from foods need to be tested for pathogenicity. Pathogenic factors of Yersinia species include an enterotoxin, cellular invasion, and several plasmid-encoded virulence phenotypes. In this chapter, we review Yersinia with respect to foodborne diseases with emphasis on the wealth of recent genetic findings on the various virulence factors associated with these foodborne pathogens. Production of V (protein) and W (lipoprotein) antigens long have been recognized as virulence-associated properties of Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis. Studies on the virulence of Y. enterocolitica serotype O : 8 showed that the production of V and W antigens were associated closely with calcium-dependent growth at 37 degree C, which was in turn dependent on the presence of a 42-MDa plasmid. The correlation of this plasmid with the production of virulence antigens, and with the pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica, was verified later by genetic studies and mice models. JF - DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA. 1994. AU - Feng, P AU - Weagant, S D A2 - Hui, YH A2 - Gorham, JR A2 - Murrell, KD A2 - Cliver, DO (eds) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 PB - MARCEL DEKKER, INC., NEW YORK, NY (USA) SN - 0824790634 KW - V antigen KW - W antigen KW - food poisoning KW - food-borne diseases KW - human food KW - man KW - microbial contamination KW - microbiological analysis KW - plasmids KW - virulence KW - yersiniosis KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - endotoxins KW - Yersinia pseudotuberculosis KW - Yersinia enterocolitica KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16839412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Feng%2C+P%3BWeagant%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0824790634&rft.btitle=Yersinia&rft.title=Yersinia&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a personal data logging monitor for carbon monoxide AN - 16835240; 3771877 AB - Personal data logging monitors provide real-time measurement of pollutants and have the ability to store data over an extended period of time. As such, they can be used to provide warning to workers that high concentrations are present, as well as allowing the assessment of long-term worker exposure. The performance characteristics of these monitors are fundamental to the determination of the accuracy of the warning and exposure measurement data. In this study, the performance characteristics of one type of personal carbon monoxide (CO) data logger (Draeger 190) were evaluated. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Smith, J P AU - Shulman, SA AD - Div. Phys. Sci. and Eng., NIOSH, CDCP, Public Health Serv., DHHS, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 418 EP - 427 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - safety systems KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - data collection KW - air pollution measurements KW - monitoring instruments KW - carbon monoxide KW - occupational exposure KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H SI0.13:INSTRUMENTATION, DEVICES AND CONTROLS KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16835240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+personal+data+logging+monitor+for+carbon+monoxide&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+P%3BShulman%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=418&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbon monoxide; air pollution measurements; monitoring instruments; occupational exposure; data collection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temafloxacin syndrome: Review of 95 cases AN - 16834235; 3770635 AB - Four months after its approval in the United States, temafloxacin was withdrawn from the market worldwide because of frequent reports of serious hemolysis with or without other organ system dysfunction. We describe this "temafloxacin syndrome" on the basis of a review of 95 spontaneous reports of hemolysis sent to the Food and Drug Administration. Patients typically presented with fever, chills, and jaundice a mean of 6.4 days after starting therapy. A moderate degree of hemolysis was reflected by the mean drop in hemoglobin level (by 42 g/L) and by the mean lowest concentration of hemoglobin (97 g/L). New-onset renal dysfunction was noted in 54 cases (57%), and dialysis was required in 34 cases (63%). Coagulopathy was noted in 33 cases (35%), and 48 cases (51%) met the criteria for hepatic dysfunction. Four patients developed central nervous system complications, and two patients died. Prior quinolone use was more common among patients who developed hemolysis after only one dose as opposed to two or more doses (P < .001). These data suggest that temafloxacin causes immune hemolytic anemia, most likely secondary to immune complex formation. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Blum, MD AU - Graham, D J AU - McCloskey, CA AD - Div. Anti-Infect. Drug Prod., HFD-520, FDA, 5600 Fishers Ln., Rm. 12B-45, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 946 EP - 950 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - temafloxacin KW - antibiotics KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - side effects KW - hemolysis KW - hemoglobin KW - man KW - X 24116:Hematology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16834235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Temafloxacin+syndrome%3A+Review+of+95+cases&rft.au=Blum%2C+MD%3BGraham%2C+D+J%3BMcCloskey%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Blum&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=946&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - man; side effects; hemolysis; hemoglobin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manganese exposure in the manufacture of plywood: An unsuspected health hazard AN - 16821541; 3760812 AB - Exposure to manganese and the occupational disease manganism is commonly associated with exposure to dusts and fumes during extraction of manganese ore, in steelmaking operations, in welding operations, or in the manufacture of dry cell batteries. Manganese exposure has not previously been associated with manufacturing of plywood. The results of this investigation by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) indicate that exposure to manganese-containing dust is occurring in the wood products industry, an occupation not suspected of having exposure to this metal. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Esswein, E J AD - NIOSH, Hazard Eval. and Tech. Assistance Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 745 EP - 751 VL - 9 IS - 11 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - plywood KW - manganese KW - lumber industry KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - wood KW - dust KW - occupational exposure KW - H SI1.23:LUMBER INDUSTRIES KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16821541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Regulatory+considerations+for+nucleic+acid+vaccines&rft.au=Smith%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - manganese; occupational exposure; wood; dust; lumber industry; man ER - TY - PAT T1 - Sensitive diagnostic test for Lyme disease AN - 16817417; 3764473 AB - An isolated DNA segment consisting of the DNA sequence given which hybridizes with DNA of Borrelia burgdorferi origin, and which does not cross hybridize with other Borrelia species. AU - Rosa, P A PY - 1994 IS - US Patent 5,279,938 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - patents KW - Lyme disease KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16817417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sensitive+diagnostic+test+for+Lyme+disease&rft.au=Rosa%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Rosa&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 435/6; Int. Cl. C12Q 1/68; C12P 19/34; C07H 5/04, 17/00. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae in Texas Gulf Coast dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) AN - 16816679; 3549555 AB - Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae commonly found in water, sediment, shellfish and birds along the northern Gulf of Mexico coastline, was isolated from the anus and/or blowhole of five apparently healthy Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Jul 1992, in Matagorda Bay, Texas. Non-O1 V. cholerae is an emerging pathogen that can cause extraintestinal infections as well as gastroenteritis in humans. Most human infections are related to contact with the aquatic environment. Dolphins may provide a continuing source of non-O1 V. cholerae to the environment. The extent of the spread of the organism is probably influenced by the limited home range of the dolphins. JF - Letters in Applied Microbiology AU - Buck, J D AU - McCarthy, SA AD - FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 45 EP - 46 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0266-8254, 0266-8254 KW - distribution records KW - marine mammals KW - microbiological analysis KW - occurrence KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - disease transmission KW - Tursiops truncatus KW - food poisoning KW - biotechnology KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - marine environment KW - USA, Texas KW - ASW, USA, Texas, Matagorda Bay KW - public health KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q1 08202:Geographical distribution KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q1 08371:General KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16816679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Furazolidone+disposition+after+intravascular+and+oral+dosing+in+the+channel+catfish&rft.au=Plakas%2C+S+M%3BEl+Said%2C+KR%3BStehly%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1095&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biotechnology; microbiological analysis; pathogenic bacteria; disease transmission; distribution records; marine environment; marine mammals; food poisoning; public health; occurrence; Vibrio cholerae; Tursiops truncatus; USA, Texas; ASW, USA, Texas, Matagorda Bay; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of chromosome loss in yeast by combined treatment with neurotoxic hexacarbons and monoketones AN - 16815274; 3766244 AB - The neurotoxic hexacarbon compounds n-hexane, 2-hexanone and 2,5-hexanedione were tested in combination with acetone and methyl ethyl ketone for the potential to induce chromosome loss in strain D61.M of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. n-Hexane and 2-hexanone, alone or in combination, induced only marginally positive chromosome loss, whereas the metabolite and presumed proximal genetically active agent 2,5-hexanedione was strongly positive when tested alone and in combination. These observations are discussed in relation to the reported potentiation of the neurotoxic effects of these hexacarbons when exposure results from combinations with other solvents, e.g., acetone and methyl ethyl ketone. Treatments that result in neurotoxicity in experimental animals and humans and those that result in chromosome loss in a yeast genetic test system may be correlated by their activity on a common intracellular target. JF - Mutation Research AU - Mayer, V W AU - Goin, C J AD - Genet. Toxicol. Branch, Div. Mol. Biol. Res. and Eval., Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, 200 C St., SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 83 EP - 91 VL - 341 IS - 2 SN - 0165-1218, 0165-1218 KW - monoketones KW - acetonylacetone KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - neurotoxins KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae KW - solvents KW - chromosome number KW - aneuploidy KW - N3 11101:General KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16815274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Induction+of+chromosome+loss+in+yeast+by+combined+treatment+with+neurotoxic+hexacarbons+and+monoketones&rft.au=Mayer%2C+V+W%3BGoin%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=341&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=01651218&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Saccharomyces cerevisiae; chromosome number; neurotoxins; solvents; aneuploidy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Densities of Vibrio vulnificus in the intestines of fish from the U.S. Gulf Coast AN - 16806199; 3553750 AB - Densities of Vibrio vulnificus in the intestinal contents of various finfish, oysters, and crabs and in sediment and waters of the U.S. Gulf Coast were determined by the most probable number procedure. Species were identified by enzyme immunoassay. During the winter, densities of V. vulnificus were low, and the organism was isolated more frequently from sheepshead fish than from sediment and seawater. From April to October, V. vulnificus densities were considerably higher (2 to 5 logs) in estuarine fish than in surrounding water, sediment, or nearby oysters and crustacea. Highest densities were found in the intestinal contents of certain bottom-feeding fish (10 super(8)/100 g), particularly those that consume mollusks and crustaceans. Densities of V. vulnificus in fish that feed primarily on plankton and other finfish were similar to those in oysters, sediment, and crabs (10 super(5)/100 g). V. vulnificus was found infrequently in offshore fish. The presence of high densities of V. vulnificus in the intestines of common estuarine fish may have both ecological (growth and transport) and public health (food and wound infections) implications. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - DePaola, A AU - Capers, G M AU - Alexander, D AD - FDA Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528 Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 984 EP - 988 VL - 60 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - bacterial diseases KW - brackishwater fish KW - density KW - disease detection KW - enzyme immunoassay KW - fish KW - intestine KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Marine KW - ASW, USA, Alabama KW - population density KW - USA, Gulf Coast KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - seafood KW - public health KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - J 02862:Infection KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16806199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Densities+of+Vibrio+vulnificus+in+the+intestines+of+fish+from+the+U.S.+Gulf+Coast&rft.au=DePaola%2C+A%3BCapers%2C+G+M%3BAlexander%2C+D&rft.aulast=DePaola&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=984&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - population density; density; seafood; fish; brackishwater fish; disease detection; bacterial diseases; public health; intestine; enzyme immunoassay; Vibrio vulnificus; ASW, Mexico Gulf; ASW, USA, Alabama; USA, Gulf Coast; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On the development of antifungal agents: Perspective of the U.S. food and drug administration AN - 16804588; 3749923 AB - As medical advances have prolonged the lives of patients with cancer, recipients of organ transplants, and patients with AIDS, there has been a marked increase in the number of fungal infections. Because of the known toxicity associated with amphotericin B, which has been the mainstay of therapy for systemic fungal infections, there has been a pressing need for regimens that are more effective and less toxic and that are more easily complied with by patients. This article provides a brief overview of the regulatory process of drug approval and discusses issues specific to the design of clinical trials for the treatment of systemic fungal diseases. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Wu, T C AD - Div. Antiviral Drug Prod., U.S. FDA, 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 VL - 19 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - antifungal agents KW - safety regulations KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal KW - K 03063:Effects of physical & chemical factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16804588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=On+the+development+of+antifungal+agents%3A+Perspective+of+the+U.S.+food+and+drug+administration&rft.au=Wu%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+1+Sul.&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antifungal agents; safety regulations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproducibility of the dose-response curve of steroid-induced cleft palate in mice AN - 16803506; 3755233 AB - Pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to cortisone acetate at doses ranging from 20 to 100 mg/kg/day on days 10-13 by oral and intramuscular routes. Multiple replicate assays were conducted under identical conditions to assess the reproducibility of the dose-response curve for cleft palate. The data were fitted to the probit, logistic, multistage or Armitage-Doll, and Weibull dose-response model separately for each route of exposure. The curves were then tested for parallel slopes (probit and logistic models) or coincidence of model parameters (multistage and Weibull models). The 19 replicate experiments had a wide range of slope estimates, wider for the oral than for the intramuscular experiments. For all models and both routes of exposure the null hypothesis of equality of slopes was rejected at a significant level of p < 0.001. For the intramuscular group of replicates, rejection of slope equality could in part be explained by not maintaining a standard dosing regime. The rejection of equivalence of dose-response curves from replicate studies showed that it is difficult to reproduce dose-response data of a single study within the limits defined by the dose-response model. This has important consequences for quantitative risk assessment, public health measures, or development of mechanistic theories which are typically based on a single animal bioassay. JF - Risk Analysis AU - Freni, S C AU - Razzaghi, M AU - Moore, GE AD - Div. Biometry and Risk Assess., Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1073 EP - 1077 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - steroids KW - cortisone KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - cleft lip/palate KW - teratogenicity KW - X 24112:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16803506?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Reproducibility+of+the+dose-response+curve+of+steroid-induced+cleft+palate+in+mice&rft.au=Freni%2C+S+C%3BRazzaghi%2C+M%3BMoore%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Freni&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1073&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cleft lip/palate; teratogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relation between maternal age and serum concentration of IgG antibody to type III group B streptococci AN - 16792728; 3744954 AB - Coded serum samples collected from healthy obstetric patients at delivery were examined by ELISA for IgG antibody to the purified type III polysaccharide of group B streptococci. When 217 patients were divided into 4 groups according to age (group I = 16-20 years, n = 56; group II = 21-25, n = 53; group III = 26-30, n = 54; group IV = 31-35, n = 54), antibody concentrations were significantly lower in group I than in older patients. Fewer subjects in group I had measurable antibody levels ( greater than or equal to 0.05 mu g/mL) than in groups II-IV (41% vs. 76%). The geometric mean in group I (0.09 mu g/mL) was significantly lower than in the older groups (0.23, 0.19, and 0.20 mu g/mL, respectively) with little or no overlap of the 95% confidence limits (1.96 SE) about the means. These findings may be relevant to the observation of a significantly greater risk of both early- and late-onset group B streptococcal disease in infants of teenage mothers. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Anthony, B F AU - Concepcion, I E AU - Concepcion, N F AU - Vadheim, C M AU - Tiwari, J AD - Div. Bact. Products, Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 717 EP - 720 VL - 170 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - polysaccharides KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus KW - immunoglobulin G KW - antibodies KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06039:IgG UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16792728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Relation+between+maternal+age+and+serum+concentration+of+IgG+antibody+to+type+III+group+B+streptococci&rft.au=Anthony%2C+B+F%3BConcepcion%2C+I+E%3BConcepcion%2C+N+F%3BVadheim%2C+C+M%3BTiwari%2C+J&rft.aulast=Anthony&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=170&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=717&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus; antibodies; immunoglobulin G; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hfr mapping of mutations in Bordetella pertussis that define a genetic locus involved in virulence gene regulation AN - 16792467; 3752185 AB - We report the development of techniques for the genetic mapping of point mutations in the bacterial pathogen Bordetella pertussis. A plasmid vector which is self-transmissible by conjugation and which, by insertion into the B. pertussis chromosome, can mobilize chromosomal sequences during conjugation with a recipient B. pertussis bacterium has been constructed. This vector is used in conjunction with a set of strains containing kanamycin resistance gene insertions at defined physical locations in the B. pertussis genome. In crosses between these donor strains and a mutant recipient strain, transfer of a chromosomal segment flanking the kanamycin resistance gene insertion is selected for, and the percentage of exconjugants which reacquire the wild-type trait is scored. In this way the linkage of the mutant allele to these markers, and thus the approximate chromosomal position of the mutant allele, is determined. We have used this genetic system to map a newly described locus in B. pertussis involved in the regulation of the virulence genes ptx (pertussis toxin) and cya (adenylate cyclase toxin). JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Stibitz, S AU - Carbonetti, N H AD - Div. Bact. Products, Cent. Biol. Eval. Res. FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 7260 EP - 7266 VL - 176 IS - 23 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - ptx gene KW - pertussis toxin KW - cya gene KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cloning vectors KW - gene mapping KW - point mutation KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - gene regulation KW - N 14682:Cloning vectors KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16792467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Antibody+DTPA-type+ligand+conjugates&rft.au=Gansoh%2C+O+A%3BBrechbiel%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Gansoh&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; gene regulation; gene mapping; point mutation; cloning vectors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell bioassay for the detection of ciguatoxins, brevetoxins, and saxitoxins AN - 16788954; 3746155 AB - An assay has been developed using neuroblastoma cells for detection of sodium channel-specific marine toxins based on an endpoint determination of mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity in the presence of veratridine and ouabain. The assay responds in a dose-dependent manner, differentiates the toxic activity as either channel blocking or enhancing, and is highly sensitive. Response to brevetoxins and ciguatoxins is available in 4-6 hr. The method is simple, utilizes commonly available reagents, and requires considerably less sample than mouse bioassay, to which it is suggested as an alternative. JF - Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. Brisbane AU - Manger, R L AU - Leja, L S AU - Lee, SY AU - Hungerford, J M AU - Wekell, M M AD - FDA Seafood Prod. Res. Cent., Bothell, WA 98041-3012, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 571 EP - 575 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0079-8835, 0079-8835 KW - brevetoxin KW - saxitoxin KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - detection KW - biological poisons KW - bioassays KW - poisonous fish KW - ciguatoxin KW - marine fish KW - methodology KW - public health KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16788954?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Queensland+Museum.+Brisbane&rft.atitle=Cell+bioassay+for+the+detection+of+ciguatoxins%2C+brevetoxins%2C+and+saxitoxins&rft.au=Manger%2C+R+L%3BLeja%2C+L+S%3BLee%2C+SY%3BHungerford%2C+J+M%3BWekell%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Manger&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=571&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memoirs+of+the+Queensland+Museum.+Brisbane&rft.issn=00798835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - detection; biological poisons; poisonous fish; bioassays; ciguatoxin; methodology; marine fish; public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a solid-phase immunobead assay for detection of ciguatera-related biotoxins in Caribbean finfish AN - 16787843; 3746143 AB - Fifty finfish from ciguatera-endemic waters of the US Virgin Is., and a fish remnant from a confirmed case of poisoning were mouse bioassayed. The specimens were then assayed using the Ciguatect (TM) assay with 3 different methods of tissue sampling: single exposure; triple exposure; and single exposure to solvent extract from flesh. Qualitiative statistical analysis ascertained false positive and false negative rates. Positive matches for the 3 methods were 58, 85 and 94 percent respectively, negative matches were 17, 22 and 12 percent. Predictive indices project that high false negative and false positive values might be expected in market situations with Caribbean fishes. JF - Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. Brisbane AU - Dickey, R W AU - Granade, H R AU - McClure, F D AD - FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 481 EP - 488 VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0079-8835, 0079-8835 KW - ASW, Lesser Antilles, US Virgin I. KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - detection KW - biological poisons KW - ciguatera KW - bioassays KW - poisonous fish KW - ciguatoxin KW - public health KW - O 1090:Instruments/Methods KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16787843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Memoirs+of+the+Queensland+Museum.+Brisbane&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+solid-phase+immunobead+assay+for+detection+of+ciguatera-related+biotoxins+in+Caribbean+finfish&rft.au=Dickey%2C+R+W%3BGranade%2C+H+R%3BMcClure%2C+F+D&rft.aulast=Dickey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Memoirs+of+the+Queensland+Museum.+Brisbane&rft.issn=00798835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - 25 ref. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - detection; biological poisons; ciguatera; poisonous fish; bioassays; ciguatoxin; public health; Marine ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Using occupational mortality data for surveillance of work-related diseases of women AN - 16781584; 3742104 AB - A recently developed source of occupational mortality data from 28 states for the years 1979 through 1990 can be used to meet goals for the surveillance of women's work-related diseases. A proportionate cancer mortality ratio analysis is used to illustrate use of the data to address the goals of identifying previously unrecognized work-related disease and targeting consultation or health promotion programs to appropriate occupations. Strengths of the data include broad geographical coverage and coverage of all causes of death and numerous industries and occupations. The data set is current and very large, with annual additions. The data have certain limitations. Death certificate information collected regarding occupation and cause of death may not be accurate; furthermore, death certificates have little information on potential confounding factors, such as smoking. JF - J. OCCUP. MED. Vol. 36, no. 11. 1994. AU - Burnett, CA AU - Dosemeci, M A2 - Pottern, LM A2 - Zahn, SH (eds) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 KW - occupational health KW - data collection KW - data collections KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - statistical analysis KW - females KW - diseases KW - occupational diseases KW - mortality KW - cancer KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H SI0.2:DATA ANALYSIS KW - H SM10.21:CANCER UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16781584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Burnett%2C+CA%3BDosemeci%2C+M&rft.aulast=Burnett&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Using+occupational+mortality+data+for+surveillance+of+work-related+diseases+of+women&rft.title=Using+occupational+mortality+data+for+surveillance+of+work-related+diseases+of+women&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occurrence of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 in oysters in Mobile Bay, Alabama: An ecological investigation AN - 16778880; 3735557 AB - Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Inaba, resembling the epidemic Latin American strains (C6706, C6707), was recovered from oysters taken from Mobile Bay, Alabama, on five separate occasions between July 1991 and September 1992. Levels of toxigenic V. cholerae in the oysters, estimated by the most probable number procedure, ranged from 10 super(1) to 10 super(7) per 100 g. Isolates characterized by pulsed field gel electrophoresis resembled isolates previously recovered from five cargo ships docked at Gulf of Mexico ports. This study details the first reported isolation of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 from oysters in U.S. coastal waters. As with the Gulf Coast strain, the occurrence of the epidemic strain seems to be sporadic and essentially limited to the warmer months. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Motes, M AU - DePaola, A AU - Zywno-Van Ginkel, S AU - Mcphearson, M AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., U.S. FDA, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 975 EP - 980 VL - 57 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - aquatic ecosystems KW - hazard assessment KW - human food KW - oyster fisheries KW - oysters KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - toxigenicity KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Marine KW - Ostreidae KW - ASW, USA, Alabama KW - geographical distribution KW - USA, Alabama KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - seafood KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - seasonal variations KW - water pollution KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16778880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Occurrence+of+toxigenic+Vibrio+cholerae+O1+in+oysters+in+Mobile+Bay%2C+Alabama%3A+An+ecological+investigation&rft.au=Motes%2C+M%3BDePaola%2C+A%3BZywno-Van+Ginkel%2C+S%3BMcphearson%2C+M&rft.aulast=Motes&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenic bacteria; seafood; geographical distribution; seasonal variations; hazard assessment; human food; water pollution; oyster fisheries; toxigenicity; aquatic ecosystems; Vibrio cholerae; Ostreidae; Crassostrea virginica; USA, Alabama; ASW, USA, Alabama; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead poisoning among battery reclamation workers in Alabama AN - 16767126; 3736584 AB - Lead exposures were evaluated at a battery reclamation facility in Alabama. A questionnaire obtained work and health information. Medical tests included blood lead, zinc protoporphyrin, hematocrit, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and uric acid. An investigation of workers' family members and neighborhood residents was conducted. Fourteen of 15 workers had blood lead levels greater than 50 mu g/dL. Zinc protoporphyrin was >79 mu g/dL in 14 workers. Four workers had hematocrit 1.3 mg/dL). Workers' blood lead levels increased significantly over 2 years ( beta = 1.004 mu g/dL per month). Ten workers had elevated air lead levels. Twelve of 16 employee children had blood lead levels >10 mu g/dL; 3 were greater than 40 mu g/dL. Workers' children had significantly higher blood lead levels than did neighborhood comparison children. Reclamation of lead batteries unaccompanied by smelting poses a health hazard to workers and their children. JF - J. OCCUP. MED. AU - Gittleman, J L AU - Engelgau, MM AU - Shaw, J AU - Wille, K K AU - Seligman, P J AD - Med. Sect., Div. Surveillance, Hazard Eval. & Field Stud., NIOSH MS-R21, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 526 EP - 532 VL - 36 IS - 5 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - lead KW - blood analysis KW - materials recovery KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA, Alabama KW - poisoning KW - occupational exposure KW - blood levels KW - recycling KW - batteries KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - H SE3.25:COMPOSTING, RECYCLING, REUSE KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16767126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+OCCUP.+MED.&rft.atitle=Lead+poisoning+among+battery+reclamation+workers+in+Alabama&rft.au=Gittleman%2C+J+L%3BEngelgau%2C+MM%3BShaw%2C+J%3BWille%2C+K+K%3BSeligman%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Gittleman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=526&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+OCCUP.+MED.&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Alabama; lead; poisoning; batteries; recycling; occupational exposure; blood analysis; materials recovery; heavy metals; blood levels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disposition and metabolism of radiolabelled pentachloroanisole in rats and rabbits AN - 16765362; 3731452 AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats and New Zealand White rabbits were administered super(14)C-labelled pentachloroanisole (PCA) in corn oil by gavage as single doses of 25 mg/kg and were then placed in individual metabolism cages for as long as 4 days. Peak blood level of radioactivity occurred 6 hr after administration of the dose to rats and between 3 and 4 hr in rabbits; the blood elimination half-life ranged from 8 to 15 hr in rats and averaged 6 hr in rabbits. Rats excreted an average of 54.2% of the administered radiolabel in the urine and 32.4% in the faeces during the 96 hr following the dose; rabbits excreted an average of 84.2 and 13.1% of the radiolabel in the urine and faeces, respectively, during this time. Examination of the metabolites in the rat showed that 60% of the urinary radioactivity was attributable to tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCH), 3% to free pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 29% to conjugated PCP; faecal metabolites were PCP (85.7%), TCH (4.3%) and polar metabolite(s) (10%). In the rabbit, 58% of the urinary radioactivity was attributable to TCH, 8% to free PCP and 34% to conjugated PCP. Faecal metabolites consisted of PCP and conjugated material. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Ikeda, G J AU - Sapienza, P P AU - Warr, P I AD - Pharmacokinet. and Metab. Branch, Div. Toxicol. Res., Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, 8501 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1137 EP - 1146 VL - 32 IS - 12 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - pentachloroanisole KW - rats KW - rabbits KW - pentachlorophenol KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - metabolism KW - fungicides KW - disposition KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16765362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Disposition+and+metabolism+of+radiolabelled+pentachloroanisole+in+rats+and+rabbits&rft.au=Ikeda%2C+G+J%3BSapienza%2C+P+P%3BWarr%2C+P+I&rft.aulast=Ikeda&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolism; disposition; fungicides ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New vaccine technologies, adjuvants and delivery system AN - 16760713; 3731468 AB - Immunization represents the most cost-effective means to achieve the prevention of infectious diseases. Vaccines successfully protected humans from serious infections resulting in worldwide eradication of smallpox and regional elimination of poliomyelitis. New technologies continue to provide many effective biological products for disease control. Various techniques including recombinant DNA approaches, peptide synthesis chemistry, and immunomodulation have been applied to the development of new vaccines and improvement of existing vaccines. These technologies have constructed avirulent and attenuated strains to be used as live vaccines, as well as provided more effective manufacturing methods to produce protein antigens, bacterial polysaccharides (PS) and PS-protein conjugate vaccines. Adjuvant is an agent added to biologics that augments specific immune responses to antigens. Adjuvants can be divided into several classes including aluminum salts, surface-active agents, bacterial derivatives and slow-release materials. Nonionic block copolymer as a multiple emulsion, and proteinoid microspheres were also developed for use in various vaccines. The ideal vaccine delivery system depends on the capabilities of the controlled delivery system to achieve optimum concentration of antigens, while maintaining vaccine stability under physiological conditions. Microspheres were used for controlled release of antigens whereas peptides of monoclonal antibodies were applied for enhancement of mucosal IgA antibody formation. JF - Journal of Food and Drug Analysis AU - Lee, Chi-Jen AU - Koizumi, M AU - Kosaka, T AD - Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 255 EP - 264 VL - 2 IS - 4 SN - 1021-9498, 1021-9498 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - immunization KW - vaccines KW - recombinants KW - reviews KW - antibodies KW - DNA KW - immunomodulation KW - adjuvants KW - antigens KW - W3 33240:Immunology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16760713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+and+Drug+Analysis&rft.atitle=New+vaccine+technologies%2C+adjuvants+and+delivery+system&rft.au=Lee%2C+Chi-Jen%3BKoizumi%2C+M%3BKosaka%2C+T&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Chi-Jen&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+and+Drug+Analysis&rft.issn=10219498&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immunization; reviews; recombinants; vaccines; antibodies; immunomodulation; DNA; adjuvants; antigens ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Influence of metabolism in skin on dosimetry after topical exposure AN - 16749695; 3724776 AB - Metabolism of chemicals occurs in skin and therefore should be taken into account when one determines topical exposure dose. Skin metabolism is difficult to measure in vivo because biological specimens may also contain metabolites from other tissues. Metabolism in skin during percutaneous absorption can be studied with viable skin in flow-through diffusion cells. Several compounds metabolized by microsomal enzymes in skin (benzo[a]pyrene and 7-ethoxycoumarin) penetrated human and hairless guinea pig skin predominantly unmetabolized. However, compounds containing a primary amino group (p-aminobenzoic acid, benzocaine, and azo color reduction products) were substrates for acetyltransferase activity in skin and were substantially metabolized during absorption. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model has been developed with an input equation, allowing modeling after topical exposure. Plasma concentrations in the hairless guinea pig were accurately predicted for the model compound, benzoic acid, from in vitro absorption, metabolism, and other pharmacokinetic parameters. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives [ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT.]. Vol. 102, no. 11 Suppl. 1994. AU - Bronaugh, R L AU - Collier, S W AU - Macpherson, SE AU - Kraeling, MEK Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 EP - no. 11 Sul. KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - NIH 94-218 KW - dosimetry KW - mathematical models KW - pharmacokinetics KW - skin KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16749695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Bronaugh%2C+R+L%3BCollier%2C+S+W%3BMacpherson%2C+SE%3BKraeling%2C+MEK&rft.aulast=Bronaugh&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+11+Sul.&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Influence+of+metabolism+in+skin+on+dosimetry+after+topical+exposure&rft.title=Influence+of+metabolism+in+skin+on+dosimetry+after+topical+exposure&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States military casualty comparisons during the Persian Gulf War AN - 16747312; 3722348 AB - The United States undertook an extensive mobilization of military forces in Southwest Asia after the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in August 1990. With this massive buildup and the short duration of the Persian Gulf War, an epidemiological comparison of military casualties was of interest. Information extracted from the Worldwide Casualty System maintained by the Department of Defense was used to describe the casualties. Of the 219 (212 men and 7 women) US casualties, 154 were killed in battle and 65 died from nonbattle causes. Thirty-five of the battle deaths were a result of friendly fire. Eighty-three percent of all casualties were white and the mean age at death for all casualties was 26.9 years. The Army had the highest proportion of both battle (58%) and nonbattle (71%) casualties and the Marine Corps had the highest battle casualty rate (0.52 per 1000 personnel) and nonbattle casualty rate (0.31). JF - J. OCCUP. MED. AU - Helmkamp, J C AD - NIOSH, 944 Chestnut Ridge Rd., MS-180, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 609 EP - 615 VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - statistical analysis KW - mortality KW - Kuwait KW - military KW - H SI12.2:DATA ANALYSIS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16747312?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+OCCUP.+MED.&rft.atitle=United+States+military+casualty+comparisons+during+the+Persian+Gulf+War&rft.au=Helmkamp%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Helmkamp&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=609&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+OCCUP.+MED.&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Kuwait; military; mortality; statistical analysis ER - TY - PAT T1 - DNA encoding an insect octopamine receptor AN - 16743592; 3716322 AU - Venter, J C AU - Fraser, C M AU - McCombie, W R PY - 1994 IS - US Patent 5,344,776 KW - octopamine receptor KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - patents KW - W2 32050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16743592?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=DNA+encoding+an+insect+octopamine+receptor&rft.au=Venter%2C+J+C%3BFraser%2C+C+M%3BMcCombie%2C+W+R&rft.aulast=Venter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 435/252.3; Int. Cl. C12N 15/12, 15/63. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - PAT T1 - Antibody DTPA-type ligand conjugates AN - 16730694; 3517345 AU - Gansoh, O A AU - Brechbiel, M W PY - 1994 IS - US Patent 5,286,850 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - antibodies KW - patents KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16730694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Antibody+DTPA-type+ligand+conjugates&rft.au=Gansoh%2C+O+A%3BBrechbiel%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Gansoh&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of an antibiotic produced by Alteromonas luteoviolacea Gauthier 1982, 85 isolated from Kinko Bay, Japan AN - 16723000; 3705340 AB - An antibiotic produced by Alteromonas luteoviolacea strain 9K-V10 was recovered after cold acetone precipitation of culture supernatant fluids or lysates that had been frozen and thawed. The precipitate obtained from cell-free lysates was fractionated by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography. Further purification by gel-filtration chromatography yielded a single peak of antibiotic activity that corresponded to a protein peak with a molecular mass of approximately 100 kDa. After non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, antibiotic activity co-migrated with a protein band. The isoelectric point of the antibiotic was estimated to be 7.7. Treatment of the concentrated active fraction with proteinase K or heating at 70 degree C for 10 min resulted in total loss of antibiotic activity. These results show the antibiotic produced by A. luteoviolacea 9K-V10 is of a proteinaceous nature. JF - Journal of applied bacteriology. Oxford AU - McCarthy, SA AU - Johnson, R M AU - Kakimoto, D AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., U.S. FDA, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 426 EP - 432 VL - 77 IS - 4 SN - 0021-8847, 0021-8847 KW - INW, Japan, Kyushu, Kagoshima Prefect., Kinko Bay KW - Japan, Kinko Bay KW - antibiotics KW - aquatic drugs KW - chromatographic techniques KW - gel filtration KW - ion-exchange chromatography KW - isoelectric points KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Marine KW - chemical extraction KW - Alteromonas luteoviolacea KW - bacteria KW - marine organisms KW - Q1 08625:Non-edible products KW - A 01095:Others KW - Q4 27370:Antibiotics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16723000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+bacteriology.+Oxford&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+an+antibiotic+produced+by+Alteromonas+luteoviolacea+Gauthier+1982%2C+85+isolated+from+Kinko+Bay%2C+Japan&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+SA%3BJohnson%2C+R+M%3BKakimoto%2C+D&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+bacteriology.+Oxford&rft.issn=00218847&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chromatographic techniques; antibiotics; chemical extraction; bacteria; aquatic drugs; marine organisms; ion-exchange chromatography; isoelectric points; Alteromonas luteoviolacea; Marine ER - TY - PAT T1 - Method for protecting bone marrow against chemotherapeutic drugs using transforming growth factor beta 1 AN - 16718718; 3506574 AB - A method for protecting hematopoietic stem cells, said stem cells retaining at least the multipotential that is characteristic of CFU-GEMM cells, from myelotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs which comprises, administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of transforming growth factor beta 1 for protecting bone marrow from said myelotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. AU - Keller, J R AU - Ruscetti, F W AU - Wiltrout, R PY - 1994 IS - US Patent 5,278,145 KW - transforming growth factor- beta 1 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - patents KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16718718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Method+for+protecting+bone+marrow+against+chemotherapeutic+drugs+using+transforming+growth+factor+beta+1&rft.au=Keller%2C+J+R%3BRuscetti%2C+F+W%3BWiltrout%2C+R&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory considerations for nucleic acid vaccines AN - 16706081; 3700076 AB - For regulatory purposes nucleic acid vaccines are considered biological products and will be regulated by the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER). Vaccines derived through the use of this technology may ultimately find broad application as preventive vaccines for infectious disease or as therapeutic vaccines for treatment of disease. The regulations that govern the use of biological products as well as other guidance documents available from CBER are applicable to the regulation of nucleic acid vaccines. The regulatory concerns associated with the manufacture, preclinical evaluation and clinical studies for these vaccines are similar to those for other biological products. The following discussion will provide an overview of the organization of CBER and how nucleic acid vaccines will be reviewed within this organization. This discussion will also describe the regulations encoded in the US Code of Federal Regulations which govern the use of biological products and additional guidance provided in Points to Consider Documents and in specific Guidelines. In addition, this discussion will note specific concerns regarding the manufacture, lot release and preclinical evaluation to assess the safety of polynucleotide vaccines. Finally, the process for submission of an Investigational New Drug application and the design of protocols for clinical studies will be described. JF - Vaccine AU - Smith, HA AD - FDA, Cent. Biol. Eval. Res., Off. Vaccines Res. Rev., Div. Vaccines Rel. Prod. Appl., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1515 EP - 1519 VL - 12 IS - 16 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - nucleic acids KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16706081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Regulatory+considerations+for+nucleic+acid+vaccines&rft.au=Smith%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=HA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Generation of oxygen radicals by minerals and its correlation to cytotoxicity AN - 16705116; 3697782 AB - Occupational exposure to mineral dust causes pneumoconiosis and other diseases. A cytotoxicity assay to predict the potential of minerals to cause disease would be of great value as a prevention strategy. This study compares the ability of several minerals to generate the more potent oxidizing agent, hydroxyl radical (OH), and their cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation potentials. Crystalline silica, the most potent cytotoxic and pathogenic mineral studied, showed the least ability to generate OH radicals while inducing the maximal lipid peroxidation. Coal mine dust, showing the maximal ability to generate OH radicals, was the least cytotoxic in bioassays of toxicity and induction of lipid peroxidation. Based on these results, it would appear that the ability of minerals to induce lipid peroxidation provides a better correlation with known cytotoxicity and pathogenicity of minerals than does their ability to generate oxygen radicals. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives [ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT.]. Vol. 102, no. 10 Suppl. 1994. AU - Vallyathan, V A2 - Vallyathan, V A2 - Castranova, V A2 - Weber, K A2 - Dalal, N (eds) Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 EP - no. 10 Sul. KW - oxygen KW - silica KW - silicon dioxide KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - NIH 94-218 KW - coal dust KW - hemolysis KW - lipid peroxidation KW - minerals KW - free radicals KW - pneumoconiosis KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16705116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+10+Sul.&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Generation+of+oxygen+radicals+by+minerals+and+its+correlation+to+cytotoxicity&rft.title=Generation+of+oxygen+radicals+by+minerals+and+its+correlation+to+cytotoxicity&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbial survey of shared-use cosmetic test kits available to the public AN - 16688370; 3689172 AB - Some people like to try cosmetics before purchasing them. With repeated use by different customers, however, the tester kits provided by many retail outlets can become potential vectors of microbial pathogens. A survey was conducted to assess the health risk from bacteria found on shared-use cosmetics. A total of 3027 shared-use cosmetic product samples were collected from 171 retail establishments throughout the contiguous United States. Eye, face and lip cosmetics were tested with in situ nondestructive swabbing and the use of the Transette 3R Modified Amies Charcoal Culture and Transport System. Bacteria were isolated from about 50% of the items for all three categories. Semiquantitatively-estimated mean densities were 2288, 1685 and 1088 CFU g super(-1) for eye, face and lip products, respectively. Ranges for all categories were 0-10 super(5) CFU g super(-1). About 5% of the items had bacterial counts above 5000 CFU g super(-1) (eye products) or 10 000 CFU g super(-1) (other products). More than 60% of isolates were typical of microflora from human skin; the remainder were environmental microbes. About 60% of the isolates were Gram-positive cocci: Staphylococcus spp. (especially S. epidermidis) and Micrococcus spp. The Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa constituted 0.07% of the isolates. The survey results suggest that the preservation systems of some of the cosmetics failed under excessive use (abuse), and indicated a potential for microbiological safety problems with shared-use cosmetics. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Tran, T T AU - Hitchins, AD AD - U.S. FDA, 200 C St. SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 389 EP - 391 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - cosmetics KW - microbial contamination KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - public health KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - A 01073:Quality control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16688370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Microbial+survey+of+shared-use+cosmetic+test+kits+available+to+the+public&rft.au=Tran%2C+T+T%3BHitchins%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - microbial contamination; public health; cosmetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Furazolidone disposition after intravascular and oral dosing in the channel catfish AN - 16687465; 3690714 AB - The pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of the nitrofuran drug furazolidone have been examined in the channel catfish. [ super(14)C]Furazolidone was administered by intravascular or oral routes in a single dosage of 1 mg/kg body weight. A two-compartment pharmacokinetic model best described parent furazolidone concentrations in the plasma after intravascular dosing. Elimination of parent compound was extremely rapid, with a terminal half-life of 0.27 h and total body clearance of 1901 ml/h/kg. After oral dosing, furazolidone concentrations in the plasma were highest at 1 h and were below the limit of determination (< 20 ng/ml) at 5 h. The oral bioavailability of parent furazolidone administered in solution was 58%, compared with 28% in a feed mixture. Concentrations of furazolidone and its metabolites were highest in the excretory tissues and lowest in the muscle after oral dosing. Parent furazolidone comprised 10% of the total super(14)C in the muscle at 8 h and was not detectable (< 1 ng/g) at 24 h; total super(14)C concentrations declined from 274 to 59 ng furazolidone equiv./g between 8 and 168 h. Non-extractable (bound) residues comprised 18% of total super(14)C in muscle at 8 h and 33% at 168 h. Renal excretion was the primary route of elimination of super(14)C residues and accounted for nearly 55% of the oral dose. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Plakas, S M AU - El Said, KR AU - Stehly, G R AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Lab., FDA, P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1095 EP - 1105 VL - 24 IS - 11 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - antibiotics KW - antimicrobial agents KW - fish culture KW - fish diseases KW - food fish KW - furazolidone KW - human food KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - drugs KW - Freshwater KW - disease control KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - pharmacology KW - public health KW - X 24114:Metabolism KW - Q1 08346:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16687465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Furazolidone+disposition+after+intravascular+and+oral+dosing+in+the+channel+catfish&rft.au=Plakas%2C+S+M%3BEl+Said%2C+KR%3BStehly%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1095&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antibiotics; food fish; fish diseases; drugs; fish culture; human food; disease control; pharmacology; public health; antimicrobial agents; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic analysis of uidA expression in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 AN - 16677471; 3690079 AB - Isolates of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 do not exhibit beta -glucuronidase (GUD) activity; however, they carry nucleotide sequences for the uidA gene that encodes the GUD enzyme. Polymerase chain reaction analysis using uidA-specific primers confirmed that a genetic region homologous in size to the E. coli uidA structural gene, including the regulatory region, was present in E. coli O157:H7 isolates. DNA sequencing analysis of the regulatory region and the 5' terminus of the uidA gene of E. coli O157:H7 showed a base substitution in the putative - 10 promotor region and at 93 bases downstream from the initiation codon. Neither base alteration, however, appeared to affect uidA allele gene expression in the O157:H7 isolates. Immunoblotting of cell extracts with an anti-GUD antibody showed that E. coli O157:H7 isolates produced an antibody-reactive protein that was homologous in size to E. coli GUD, but no GUD activity was observed in cell-free extracts of these isolates. These results suggest that the antibody-reactive protein produced by E. coli O157:H7 may be an inactive GUD enzyme. Sequencing of the uidA structural gene in O157:H7 showed the presence of 18 additional nucleotide base substitutions, but only six altered the amino acid sequence. Also, there were two frame shift mutations, 18 bases apart, that altered the sequence of six consecutive amino acids. These genetic alterations in the uidA structural gene of O157:H7 may account for the absence of GUD activity in this serotype. JF - Microbiology AU - Feng, P AU - Lampel, KA AD - Div. Microbiol. Stud., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 2101 EP - 2107 VL - 140 IS - 8 SN - 0001-8769, 0001-8769 KW - uidA gene KW - beta -glucuronidase KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Escherichia coli KW - gene expression KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - J 02725:DNA KW - G 07321:GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16677471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genetic+analysis+of+uidA+expression+in+enterohaemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+serotype+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Feng%2C+P%3BLampel%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=00018769&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; gene expression; polymerase chain reaction; nucleotide sequence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene by intestinal microflora AN - 16677085; 3690377 AB - Pure cultures of anaerobic intestinal bacteria and mixed fecal microflora from human, rat, mouse, and pig were screened for the ability to metabolize 7-nitrobenz[a]anthracene (7-NO sub(2)BA). Based on analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and by ultraviolet (UV), mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral techniques, the compounds were identified as 7-aminobenz[a]anthracene (7-NH sub(2)BA) and benz[a]anthracene 7,12-dione (dione). Identification of 7-NH sub(2)BA as a metabolite of 7-NO sub(2)BA indicates that the anaerobic intestinal bacteria are capable of reducing 7-NO sub(2)BA to potentially bioactive intermediates. The reductive capacities of the mixed intestinal microflora were generally greater than those of pure cultures. Thus, metabolism of 7-NO sub(2)BA in the intestinal tract may be underestimated if pure cultures are used as the sole method for evaluating the potential hazard. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Morehead, M C AU - Franklin, W AU - Fu, P P AU - Evans, F E AU - Heinze, T M AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 369 EP - 380 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - 7-nitrobenz(a)anthracene KW - rats KW - pigs KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - metabolism KW - intestine KW - microflora KW - man KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16677085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+7-nitrobenz%5Ba%5Danthracene+by+intestinal+microflora&rft.au=Morehead%2C+M+C%3BFranklin%2C+W%3BFu%2C+P+P%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BHeinze%2C+T+M%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Morehead&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - microflora; intestine; metabolism; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A sampling and analytical method for the simultaneous determination of multiple organophosphorus pesticides in air AN - 16670595; 3687934 AB - A sampling and analytical method for organophosphorus pesticides using a combined filter/XAD-2 sorbent sampler and gas chromatography (GC)-flame photometric detection (FPD) was developed. The method was evaluated for 19 organophosphorus pesticides based on the joint Occupational Safety and Health Administration/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Standards Completion Program methods evaluation protocol. The evaluation addressed analyte recovery, sampler capacity, sample stability, and precision and accuracy. Additional experiments addressed long-term sample stability (30-day storage), short-term exposure limits, limits of detection, and concentration levels down to 0.1 times an exposure limit value. Samples were stable for 30 days of storage under either ambient or refrigerated conditions. Based on this research, all 19 compounds studied can be successfully determined simultaneously using one method with an accuracy of plus or minus 25% of the true value 95 times out of 100. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Kennedy, E R AU - Abell, M T AU - Reynolds, J AU - Wickman, D AD - Natl. Inst. Occup. Saf. and Health (NIOSH), Div. Phys. Sci. and Eng., 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1172 EP - 1177 VL - 55 IS - 12 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - gas chromatography KW - organophosphorus compounds KW - sampling instruments KW - pollution detection KW - air sampling KW - occupational exposure KW - pesticides KW - sampling methods KW - H SI0.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16670595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Opportunities+for+integration+of+pharmacokinetics%2C+pharmacodynamics%2C+and+toxicokinetics+in+rational+drug+development.&rft.au=Peck%2C+C+C%3BBarr%2C+W+H%3BBenet%2C+L+Z%3BCollins%2C+J%3BDesjardins%2C+R+E%3BFurst%2C+D+E%3BHarter%2C+J+G%3BLevy%2C+G%3BLudden%2C+T%3BRodman%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Peck&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pesticides; organophosphorus compounds; sampling methods; sampling instruments; gas chromatography; air sampling; occupational exposure; pollution detection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of ICRF-186 [(L)1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl)propane] on the toxicity of doxorubicin in spontaneously hypertensive rats AN - 16670222; 3683280 AB - An evaluation was made of the protective effects of ICRF-186 [(L)1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl)propane], the L-enantiomer of ICRF-187 [(D)1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl)propane], against the cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by doxorubicin. ICRF-186 provided significant protection, in a dose-dependent manner, against the cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of doxorubicin and attenuated the increases in cardiac immune effector cells (interstitial dendritic cells, cytotoxic T-helper lymphocytes and macrophages) associated with this cardiotoxicity. The results of the study were compared with those obtained with ICRF-187 under identical experimental conditions. Analysis of the cardiomyopathy scores, nephropathy scores and counts of the numbers of immune effector cells in the heart showed that, at a dose of 25 mg/kg, ICRF-186 is a somewhat less effective protectant than ICRF-187. JF - Toxicology AU - Zhang, Jun AU - Herman, E H AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Div. Res. and Test., FDA, MOD I Facil., 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 179 EP - 192 VL - 92 IS - 1-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - 1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl)propane KW - doxorubicin KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - heart KW - antineoplastic drugs KW - X 24112:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16670222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+ICRF-186+%5B%28L%291%2C2-bis%283%2C5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl%29propane%5D+on+the+toxicity+of+doxorubicin+in+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jun%3BHerman%2C+E+H%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Jun&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antineoplastic drugs; heart ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Some structures and processes of human epithelial cells involved in uptake of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains AN - 16657808; 3659557 AB - Several enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains of serotype O157:H7 isolated from patients with hemorrhagic colitis, ischemic colitis, or hemolytic uremic syndrome were all found to be able to invade certain human epithelial cell lines in vitro. Their ability to gain entry into epithelial cells was compared with those of known invasive Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhi strains and the noninvasive E. coli strain HB101 in invasion assays utilizing gentamicin to kill extracellular bacteria. All EHEC strains under investigation were efficiently internalized into T24 bladder and HCT-8 ileocecal cells. In striking contrast to shigellae, the same EHEC strains were not taken up into human embryonic intestinal INT407 cells or HEp-2 cells any more than the noninvasive E. coli strain HB101. The mechanism(s) of EHEC internalization was characterized by comparing the invasion efficiencies in the absence and presence of a variety of inhibitors acting on structures and processes of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. Also, wild-type, plasmid-containing EHEC strains were compared with their plasmid-cured isogenic derivative strains to determine if plasmid genes affect invasion ability. Plasmid-cured EHEC invaded as well as wild-type EHEC, indicating that invasion ability is chromosomally encoded. Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis by simultaneous addition of bacteria and chloramphenicol to the monolayer blocked EHEC uptake dramatically, suggesting the presence of an invasion protein(s) with a short half-life. Studies utilizing inhibitors which act on eukaryotic cells demonstrated a strong dependence on microfilaments in the process of uptake of all EHEC strains into both T24 and HCT-8 cells. In general, depolymerization of microtubules as well as inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis reduced the efficiency of EHEC invasion of T24 cells, whereas interference with endosome acidification reduced EHEC entry into only HCT-8 cells. Taxol-induced stabilization of microtubules did not inhibit internalization into T24 cells or into the HCT-8 cell line. In marked contrast, the ability of S. typhi Ty2 to invade either cell line was inhibited only by depolymerization of microfilaments. In addition to the cell line specificity of EHEC invasion, not all EHEC strains displayed uniform behavior in the presence of inhibitors, suggesting the existence of variant uptake pathways in different strains. Most importantly, previous reports of the inability of EHEC to invade INT407 or HEp-2 cell lines support the currently held belief that EHEC strains are noninvasive. However, our findings demonstrate for the first time the ability of EHEC to invade selected human epithelial cell lines, a process that may be important in EHEC pathogenesis, and define some potential requirements for the invasion mechanism(s). JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Oelschlaeger, T A AU - Barrett, T J AU - Kopecko, D J AD - Lab. Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Dis., FDA, HFM440, Build. 29, Rm. 420, NIH Camp., 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 5142 EP - 5150 VL - 62 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - hemolytic-uremic syndrome KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - uptake KW - Escherichia coli KW - man KW - epithelium KW - colitis KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16657808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Some+structures+and+processes+of+human+epithelial+cells+involved+in+uptake+of+enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+strains&rft.au=Oelschlaeger%2C+T+A%3BBarrett%2C+T+J%3BKopecko%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Oelschlaeger&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; uptake; epithelium; colitis; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human antibody response to the B oligomer of pertussis toxin AN - 16656118; 3665440 AB - To determine whether antibodies to the B oligomer of pertussis toxin (PT) were present in patients diagnosed with pertussis or vaccinees who had received diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis vaccine, we analyzed serum samples from 5 patients and 10 vaccinees by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western immunoblotting techniques. Antibodies to the B oligomer were detected by ELISA in all samples containing antibodies to holotoxin. Western immunoblotting procedures were less efficient than ELISA techniques for detecting antibodies to the B oligomer. Antibodies which inhibit the ability of the B oligomer to agglutinate erythrocytes were detected in purified human immunoglobulin preparations. In addition, serum samples containing antibodies to PT inhibited the binding of purified B oligomer and holotoxin to a 165-kDa glycoprotein which has been considered a potential PT receptor in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. These results suggest that antibodies to the B oligomer contribute to the human serologic response to PT, but their detection and characterization require appropriate methods. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Lynn, F AU - Burnette, W N AU - Siber, G R AU - Arciniega, J L AD - Div. Bact. Prod., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 626 EP - 632 VL - 1 IS - 6 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - vaccines KW - toxins KW - pertussis KW - antibody response KW - man KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16656118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Human+antibody+response+to+the+B+oligomer+of+pertussis+toxin&rft.au=Lynn%2C+F%3BBurnette%2C+W+N%3BSiber%2C+G+R%3BArciniega%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Lynn&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=626&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; toxins; pertussis; antibody response; man; Bordetella pertussis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sulfated glycoconjugate receptors for the Bordetella pertussis adhesin filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and mapping of the heparin-binding domain on FHA AN - 16653149; 3656601 AB - Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) is a major adhesion present on the surface of the gram-negative respiratory pathogen Bordetella pertussis. A number of binding mechanisms have been described for the interaction of FHA with eukaryotic cells. We have focused on its function as a sulfated polysaccharide-binding protein and on identifying potential receptors for FHA on the epithelial cell surface. Using a thin-layer overlay technique, we found that FHA binds specifically to sulfated glycolipids but not to gangliosides or other neutral glycolipids. These results suggest that epithelial cell surface sulfated glycolipids function as receptors for FHA. Further studies demonstrated that a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell strain deficient in glycosaminoglycan expression exhibits greatly diminished attachment to FHA. By FHA-Affi-Gel chromatography, a putative receptor for FHA that has characteristics consistent with a heparan sulfate proteoglycan was isolated from epithelial cell extracts. In addition, by using recombinant FHA fusion proteins, a specific glycosaminoglycan-binding domain located near the N terminus of the FHA molecule was identified. Our results indicate that the B. pertussis adhesin FHA may utilize sulfated glycolipids and proteoglycans commonly found on the surface of human cells and tissues to initiate infection. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Hannah, J H AU - Menozzi, F D AU - Renauld, G AU - Locht, C AU - Brennan, MJ AD - Div. Bact. Products, HFM-431, CBER, FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 5010 EP - 5019 VL - 62 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - adhesins KW - heparin-binding protein KW - glycoconjugates receptors KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - hemagglutinins KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16653149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Sulfated+glycoconjugate+receptors+for+the+Bordetella+pertussis+adhesin+filamentous+hemagglutinin+%28FHA%29+and+mapping+of+the+heparin-binding+domain+on+FHA&rft.au=Hannah%2C+J+H%3BMenozzi%2C+F+D%3BRenauld%2C+G%3BLocht%2C+C%3BBrennan%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Hannah&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5010&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; hemagglutinins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a single amino acid substitution in the diphtheria toxin A chain of CRM 228 responsible for the loss of enzymatic activity AN - 16644679; 3642843 AB - CRM 228, a mutant form of diphtheria toxin which completely lacks ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, contains five amino acid substitutions. The two amino acid changes that fall within the A chain of the toxin (G79D and E162K) were separately analyzed by substituting a variety of other amino acids at these sites. The substitution at position 79 (G79D) singularly appears to account for the loss of enzymatic activity found in CRM 228. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Gray Johnson, V AU - Nicholls, P J AD - Lab. Bacter. Toxins, Div. Bact. Prod., CBER, FDA, Bldg. 29, Rm. 103, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 4766 EP - 4769 VL - 176 IS - 15 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - substitutions KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - toxins KW - identification KW - amino acids KW - enzymatic activity KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16644679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+single+amino+acid+substitution+in+the+diphtheria+toxin+A+chain+of+CRM+228+responsible+for+the+loss+of+enzymatic+activity&rft.au=Gray+Johnson%2C+V%3BNicholls%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Tepper&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1994-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Corynebacterium diphtheriae; toxins; amino acids; enzymatic activity; identification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transfer of immunity against lethal murine Francisella infection by specific antibody depends on host gamma interferon and T cells AN - 16643082; 3642702 AB - Both serum and spleen cells from mice immune to Francisella tularensis transfer protection to naive recipients. Here we characterize the mechanism of protection induced by transfer of immune mouse serum (IMS). IMS obtained 4 weeks after intradermal infection with 10 super(3) bacteria of the live vaccine strain (LVS) contained high levels of immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2a) and IgM (end point titers, 1:16,600 and 1:7,200, respectively) and little IgG1, IgG2b, or IgG3. LVS-specific antibodies were detected 5 days after intradermal infection, and reached peak levels by 2 weeks postinfection. Only sera obtained 10 days or more after sublethal infection, when IgG titers peaked, transferred protection against a challenge of 100 50% lethal doses (LD sub(50)s). Purified high-titer IgG anti-LVS antibody but not IgM anti-LVS antibody was responsible for transfer of protection against an intraperitoneal challenge of up to 3,000 LD sub(50)s. IMS had no direct toxic effects on LVS and did not affect uptake or growth of bacteria in association with peritoneal cells. One day after LVS infection, liver, spleen, and lung tissue from mice treated with IMS contained 1 to 2 log units fewer bacteria than did tissue from mice treated with normal mouse serum or phosphate-buffered saline. Between 2 and 4 days after infection, however, bacterial growth rates in tissues were similar in both serum-protected mice and unprotected mice. Bacterial burdens in IMS-treated, LVS-infected mice declined in infected tissues after day 5, whereas control animals died. This lag phase suggested that development of a host response was involved in complete bacterial clearance. In fact, transfer of IMS into normal recipients that were simultaneously treated with anti-gamma interferon and challenged with LVS did not protect mice from death. Further, transfer of IMS into athymic nu/nu mice did not protect against LVS challenge; protection was, however, reconstituted by transfer of normal T cells into nu/nu mice. Thus, "passive" transfer of protection against LVS with specific antibody is not passive but depends on a host T-cell response to promote clearance of systemic infection and protection against lethal disease. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Rhinehart-Jones, T R AU - Fortier, AH AU - Elkins, K L AD - Lab. Enteric Sexually Transmitted Dis., DBP/CBER/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 440, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3129 EP - 3137 VL - 62 IS - 8 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - lymphocytes T KW - immunity (passive) KW - antibodies KW - gamma -interferon KW - Francisella tularensis KW - serum KW - spleen KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16643082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Transfer+of+immunity+against+lethal+murine+Francisella+infection+by+specific+antibody+depends+on+host+gamma+interferon+and+T+cells&rft.au=Rhinehart-Jones%2C+T+R%3BFortier%2C+AH%3BElkins%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Rhinehart-Jones&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=3129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Francisella tularensis; immunity (passive); gamma -interferon; lymphocytes T; spleen; serum; antibodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fresh and frozen shrimp: A profile of filth, microbiological contamination, and decomposition AN - 16639148; 3644053 AB - A 2-year nationwide survey was conducted by the Food and Drug Administration to provide current information about filth, decomposition, and microbiological contamination of domestic and imported fresh and frozen shrimp. Whole or equivalent filth insects, mostly ants, were found in 14.4% of the samples. Of countries contributing at least 10 samples for filth analysis, India had the highest percentage positive for filth insects (45.5%); the United States had the lowest (6.3%). Filth insect fragments were present in 5.4% of the samples. Incidental insects were present in 6.3% of the samples, with flies the most commonly found. Of countries contributing at least 10 samples for filth analysis, India had the highest percentage positive for incidental insects (27.3%); Ecuador had the lowest (2.3%). Unidentified insect fragments were found in 33.3% of the samples; cockroach excreta pellets were present in 2.1%, rat or mouse hairs in 5.7%, and other striated animal hairs in 15.3%. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Gecan, J S AU - Bandler, R AU - Staruszkiewicz, W F AD - Off. Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages, Div. Microanal. Eval., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 154 EP - 158 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - chilled products KW - contamination KW - decomposition KW - food contamination KW - frozen products KW - microbial contamination KW - microbiological contamination KW - shrimp KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Marine KW - Penaeidae KW - food KW - seafood KW - Q3 08583:Shellfish culture KW - Q1 08622:Primary products KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16639148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Fresh+and+frozen+shrimp%3A+A+profile+of+filth%2C+microbiological+contamination%2C+and+decomposition&rft.au=Gecan%2C+J+S%3BBandler%2C+R%3BStaruszkiewicz%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Gecan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - microbial contamination; seafood; food; chilled products; frozen products; food contamination; decomposition; contamination; Penaeidae; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of alternariol and alternariol methyl ether for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium AN - 16634236; 3641014 AB - Alternariol and alternariol methyl ether were tested in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay, and both were shown, with and without metabolic activation, to be nonmutagenic to strains TA98 and TA100. The finding of other investigators that alternariol methyl ether is weakly mutagenic to TA98 without metabolic activation could have resulted from the presence of a small amount of one of the highly mutagenic altertoxins in the alternariol methyl ether originally tested. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Davis, V M AU - Stack, ME AD - Div. Mol. Biol. Res. Eval. (HFS-236), U.S. FDA, 200 C St. SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3901 EP - 3902 VL - 60 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - alternariol KW - alternariol methyl ether KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - toxins KW - mutagenesis KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - assays KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16634236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+alternariol+and+alternariol+methyl+ether+for+mutagenic+activity+in+Salmonella+typhimurium&rft.au=Davis%2C+V+M%3BStack%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3901&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; assays; mutagenesis; toxins ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The new FDA food code AN - 16632151; 3645054 AB - The new 1993 Food Code contains the Food and Drug Administration's latest advice on preventing foodborne disease in restaurants, food markets, institutions and food vending locations. Included are new recommendations for safeguarding public health and assuring that food is unadulterated and honesty presented when received by the consumer. New provisions address management knowledge, employee health, avoiding hand contact with ready-to-eat cooked food, modified temperatures for cooking and holding food, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) based variances for food processing at retail and consumer information. The document also provides references and the public health reasons supporting the new standards. The model code is offered for adoption by local, state and federal governmental jurisdictions for administration by the various departments, agencies, bureaus, divisions and other units within each jurisdiction that have compliance responsibilities for the retail segment of the food industry. JF - INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONS, 6200 AURORA AVENUE, DES MOINES, IA 50322 (USA). 53 p. 1994. AU - Kvenburg, JE Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 1 EP - 53 PB - INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONS, 6200 AURORA AVENUE, DES MOINES, IA 50322 (USA) KW - FDA KW - food-borne diseases KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA KW - federal regulations KW - public health KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16632151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kvenburg%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Kvenburg&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+new+FDA+food+code&rft.title=The+new+FDA+food+code&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - International food safety and quality standards AN - 16628750; 3654012 AB - The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Uruguay Round Provisions on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade (called Standards-Related Measures in GATT) will confer a new status on international food safety and quality standards. What are these so-called international standards, who sets them, and what is their basis? How are they dealt with under free trade agreements versus national standards? International and national standards, codes, guidelines, processing and production methods, including measures used to enforce country requirements, will be discussed in the context of free trade agreements in force. JF - INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONS, 6200 AURORA AVENUE, DES MOINES, IA 50322 (USA). p, 76. 1994. AU - Carnevale, C Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 EP - p, 76 PB - INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILK, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONS, 6200 AURORA AVENUE, DES MOINES, IA 50322 (USA) KW - GATT KW - NAFTA KW - foods KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - standards KW - USA KW - international agreements KW - safety regulations KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16628750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Carnevale%2C+C&rft.aulast=Carnevale&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=p&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=International+food+safety+and+quality+standards&rft.title=International+food+safety+and+quality+standards&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced diagnostic efficiency of the polymerase chain reaction by co-amplification of multiple regions of HIV-1 and HIV-2 AN - 16625109; 3656388 AB - A method for co-amplification of multiple viral sequences of HIV-1 and HIV-2 by polymerase chain reaction was designed. The technique resulted in the specific detection of each type of virus and allowed the amplification of as few as two copies of target DNA. The amplification of multiple regions of the viral genome offers the advantage of detecting multiple target sequences, which may be essential for some viruses, such as HIV, that exhibit a high degree of variability in their gene sequences. In addition, the method permitted the detection of both virus types in the same reaction, allowing for greater utility in geographic areas where coinfections with both viruses occur and cross-reactivity in Western blots is observed. This method was applied successfully to the detection of viral DNA in clinical specimens. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Udaykumar, AU - Heredia, A AU - Soriano, V AU - Bravo, R AU - Epstein, J S AU - Hewlett, I K AD - Lab. Mol. Virol., Div. Transf. and Transmitted Dis., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 37 EP - 46 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - nucleotide sequence KW - concurrent infection KW - geography KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - DNA KW - human immunodeficiency virus 2 KW - diagnostic agents KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33130:Genetic based (PCR, etc.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16625109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Enhanced+diagnostic+efficiency+of+the+polymerase+chain+reaction+by+co-amplification+of+multiple+regions+of+HIV-1+and+HIV-2&rft.au=Udaykumar%2C%3BHeredia%2C+A%3BSoriano%2C+V%3BBravo%2C+R%3BEpstein%2C+J+S%3BHewlett%2C+I+K&rft.aulast=Udaykumar&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; geography; concurrent infection; DNA; diagnostic agents; human immunodeficiency virus 1; human immunodeficiency virus 2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineral interactions in rats fed AIN-76A diets with excess calcium AN - 16623862; 3648550 AB - The effects of moderate increases in dietary calcium on maternal and foetal mineral interactions were studied in Charles River CD/VAF Plus rats. Female rats were given 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 or 1.25% dietary calcium as calcium carbonate in AIN-76A diets for 6 wk before mating, during mating and for 20 days of gestation. Inductively coupled argon plasma-atomic emission spectrometry was used to determine mineral levels in the tissues of non-pregnant rats after 42 days on the diets, in the tissues of pregnant rats on day 20 of gestation and in the whole body of day-20 foetuses. The femurs of the non-pregnant and pregnant rats had a dose-related linear increase in calcium content. In livers of the non-pregnant rats, dose-related linear increases in the phosphorus, zinc and magnesium content were observed, but there was a dose-related decrease in the iron content. There were dose-related linear decreases in the iron and copper contents of the kidneys from the non-pregnant rats. In pregnant rats dose-related linear decreases were observed in the iron content of the liver and in the zinc, iron and magnesium contents of the kidney. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Shackelford, ME AU - Collins, TFX AU - Black, T N AU - Ames, MJ AU - Dolan, S AU - Sheikh, N S AU - Chi, R K AU - O'Donnell, M W AD - U.S. FDA (HFS-507), 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 255 EP - 263 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - AIN-76A diets KW - interactions KW - rats KW - calcium KW - Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - dietary intake KW - diets KW - minerals KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - T 20048:Nutrition and balance studies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16623862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Mineral+interactions+in+rats+fed+AIN-76A+diets+with+excess+calcium&rft.au=Shackelford%2C+ME%3BCollins%2C+TFX%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BAmes%2C+MJ%3BDolan%2C+S%3BSheikh%2C+N+S%3BChi%2C+R+K%3BO%27Donnell%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Shackelford&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - minerals; diets; dietary intake ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of dideoxycytidine on lymphocyte subpopulations in nonhuman primates AN - 16622329; 3653781 AB - In the present study, 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC), which has antiretroviral activity, was given chronically to uninfected nonhuman primates to determine whether it produces adverse immunological or hematological effects. Chronic ddC exposure did not cause significant changes in the number of red blood cells, monocytes, or reticulocytes. The number of white blood cells and neutrophils increased and these changes were observed only in group A animals at the 1.5 mg/kg dose. The most significant alterations observed were decreases in the number of T helper cells (CD4) and B cells (CD20). CD4 super(+) and CD20 super(+) lymphocytes exhibited dose-related shifts that were reversible over time and after drug withdrawal. The results indicate that ddC has few hematologic effects but it does have profound but transient effects on the number of cells in lymphocyte subpopulations in normal primates. JF - Fundamental and Applied Toxicology AU - Taylor, L D AU - Binienda, Z AU - Schmued, L AU - Slikker, W Jr AD - Div. Genet. Toxicol., Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res./FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 434 EP - 438 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - dideoxycytidine KW - monkeys KW - Immunology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - antiviral agents KW - lymphocytes T KW - immunomodulation KW - leukocytes (neutrophilic) KW - lymphocytes B KW - F 06786:General KW - X 24116:Hematology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16622329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+dideoxycytidine+on+lymphocyte+subpopulations+in+nonhuman+primates&rft.au=Taylor%2C+L+D%3BBinienda%2C+Z%3BSchmued%2C+L%3BSlikker%2C+W+Jr&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=434&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lymphocytes T; antiviral agents; lymphocytes B; leukocytes (neutrophilic); immunomodulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutations in the bvgA gene of Bordetella pertussis that differentially affect regulation of virulence determinants AN - 16619552; 3642806 AB - By using chemical mutagenesis and genetic mapping, a search was undertaken for previously undescribed genes which may be involved in different regulatory mechanisms governing different virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis. Previous studies have shown that the fha locus encoding filamentous hemagglutinin is regulated directly by the bvgAS two component system, while regulation of ptx encoding pertussis toxin is less direct or occurs by a different mechanism. With a strain containing gene fusions to each of these regulated loci, screening was done for mutations which were defective for ptx expression but maintained normal or nearly normal levels of fha expression. Two mutations which had such a phenotype and were also deficient in adenylate cyclase toxin/hemolysin expression were found and characterized more fully. Both were found to affect residues in the C-terminal portion of the BvgA response regulator protein, a domain which shares sequence similarity with a family of regulatory proteins including FixJ, UhpA, MalT, RcsA, RcsB, and LuxR. The residues affected are within a region which, by extension from studies on the LuxR protein, may be involved in transcriptional activation. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Stibitz, S AD - Div. Bact. Prod., Cent. for Biol. Eval. Res., Fda, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 5615 EP - 5621 VL - 176 IS - 18 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - bugA gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - genes KW - regulation KW - mutation KW - virulence KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16619552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Mutations+in+the+bvgA+gene+of+Bordetella+pertussis+that+differentially+affect+regulation+of+virulence+determinants&rft.au=Stibitz%2C+S&rft.aulast=Stibitz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=5615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; genes; mutation; virulence; regulation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enumeration and differentiation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus by DNA-DNA colony hybridization using the hydrophobic grid membrane filtration technique for isolation AN - 16616878; 3638306 AB - We have developed a means of differentiating and enumerating Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus by DNA-DNA colony hybridization directly on HGMF filters. V. parahaemolyticus can be detected by a tdh-3-radiolabeled gene probe and V. vulnificus detected by a specific cytotoxin-hemolysin-radiolabeled probe with enumeration directly from autoradiograms. This procedure is more rapid than current techniques allowing enumeration and identification of these two species in samples as diverse as seawater, oyster (Crassostrea gigas), and shrimp (Pandalidae family) within 4 d. Our method is based on a rapid technique (18 h) for isolation and enumeration of V. parahaemolyticus from food using a membrane filtration technique with hydrophobic grid filters (HGMF). With the HGMF method, however, it is not possible to differentiate V. parahaemolyticus from V. vulnificus since on the HGMF-sucrose-based agar used, the two species are indistinguishable as both species are unable to ferment sucrose. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Kaysner, CA AU - Abeyta, C Jr AU - Jinneman, K C AU - Hill, W E AD - Seafood Prod. Res. Cent., FDA, Bothell, WA 98041, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 163 EP - 165 VL - 57 IS - 2 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus KW - differentiation KW - enumeration KW - methodology KW - W2 32250:Others KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16616878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Enumeration+and+differentiation+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+and+Vibrio+vulnificus+by+DNA-DNA+colony+hybridization+using+the+hydrophobic+grid+membrane+filtration+technique+for+isolation&rft.au=Kaysner%2C+CA%3BAbeyta%2C+C+Jr%3BJinneman%2C+K+C%3BHill%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Kaysner&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - differentiation; enumeration; methodology; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio parahaemolyticus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of environmental formylmethionyl-peptides AN - 16614956; 3639926 AB - Formylmethionyl-peptides are naturally occurring, biologically active ligands produced by bacteria. They produce a variety of biological effects including neutrophil chemotaxis, cellular degranulation, oxygen-free radical production, and smooth muscle contraction. Our studies have demonstrated that oxidized and reduced forms of formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) can be detected in bulk environmental organic dust samples. Organic dust fMLP content may not reflect total formylmethionyl-peptide content and pathological sequelae. Attempts to develop a total formylmethionyl-peptide assay that would reflect its pathological potential have thus far been unsuccessful. Information has been derived concerning the biology of formylmethionyl-peptides from these studies. Chromatographic, radioenzymatic, and radioreceptor-ligand binding studies were performed. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of synthetic and environmental fMLP demonstrated that fMLP is labile, forming three oxidation products. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health AU - Siegel, P D AU - Ronk, E A AU - Clark, PR AU - Shahan, T A AU - Castranova, V AD - NIOSH/DRDS, 944 Chestnut Ridge Rd., MS 211, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 275 EP - 288 VL - 42 IS - 3 SN - 0093-4108, 0093-4108 KW - formyl-methionyl-peptides KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - environmental monitoring KW - bacteria KW - high-performance liquid chromatography KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16614956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+environmental+formylmethionyl-peptides&rft.au=Siegel%2C+P+D%3BRonk%2C+E+A%3BClark%2C+PR%3BShahan%2C+T+A%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=00934108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental monitoring; high-performance liquid chromatography; bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibody-direct epifluorescent filter technique for rapid, direct enumeration of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef AN - 16613188; 3640996 AB - Artificially inoculated Escherichia coli O157:H7 was directly enumerated in ground beef and beef exudate, without enrichment or selection, by the antibody-direct epifluorescent filter technique (Ab-DEFT). The total assay time of the Ab-DEFT was less than 1 h. The beef was homogenized, treated for 15 min with trypsin and Triton X-100, and passed through a 5- mu m-pore-size prefilter and then through a 0.2- mu m-pore-size black polycarbonate filter. The final filter was stained directly with fluorescein-labeled anti-O157 polyclonal antibody, rinsed, and examined by epifluorescence microscopy. The sensitivity of the Ab-DEFT was compared with that of a standard enrichment culture technique. Both methods reliably determined the presence of the pathogen in beef at 16 CFU/g. The Ab-DEFT was also useful for quantifying the pathogen and monitoring its growth in beef. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Tortorello, M L AU - Stewart, D S AD - U.S. FDA, 6502 S. Archer Rd., Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3553 EP - 3559 VL - 60 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - mounting methods KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - beef KW - filtration KW - Escherichia coli KW - enumeration KW - growth KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16613188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Antibody-direct+epifluorescent+filter+technique+for+rapid%2C+direct+enumeration+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+beef&rft.au=Tortorello%2C+M+L%3BStewart%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Tortorello&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; enumeration; filtration; beef; growth ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes: Potential free radical toxicity AN - 16604514; 3674985 JF - Free Radical Biology & Medicine AU - Alayash, AI AD - Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 137 EP - 138 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - blood substitutes KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - blood products KW - hemoglobin KW - free radicals KW - X 24117:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16604514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.atitle=Hemoglobin-based+blood+substitutes%3A+Potential+free+radical+toxicity&rft.au=Alayash%2C+AI&rft.aulast=Alayash&rft.aufirst=AI&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - free radicals; hemoglobin; blood products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of benzene residues in recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PETE) by dynamic headspace-gas chromatography AN - 16599023; 3656582 AB - A dynamic headspace-gas chromatography (HS/GC) method was developed to quantitate benzene in recycled PETE material derived from 21 PETE beverage bottles. The analytical system consisted of a purge-and-trap apparatus which was interfaced directly with a gas chromatograph/flame ionization detector. Cryofocusing and non-cryofocusing GC systems were used. The technique was applied to spiked PETE test samples which were prepared at various benzene concentrations ranging from 100 ppb to 117 ppm. The initial spiked benzene concentration in the PETE test samples was determined gravimetrically. The HS/GC technique was limited by the slow desorption rate of benzene from the PETE matrix; as a result, multipurges were performed at 60 degree C. Regression analysis was done on the multipurge data to develop a desorption model which would predict the total amount of benzene in the PETE. The calculated results agreed with the experimental recoveries within plus or minus 10ppt. Recovery depended on the initial benzene level in the PETE and ranged from 70 to 90% after the first five purges. JF - Food Additives and Contaminants AU - Komolprasert, V AU - Hargraves, WA AU - Armstrong, D J AD - FDA, Natl. Cent. Food Saf. and Technol., Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 605 EP - 614 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - benzene KW - polyethylene terephthalate KW - polyethylene terephthalates KW - beverages KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - residues KW - food contamination KW - gas chromatography KW - packaging KW - recycling KW - plastics KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - H SE4.23:FOOD PACKAGING KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - H SE3.25:COMPOSTING, RECYCLING, REUSE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16599023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.atitle=Determination+of+benzene+residues+in+recycled+polyethylene+terephthalate+%28PETE%29+by+dynamic+headspace-gas+chromatography&rft.au=Komolprasert%2C+V%3BHargraves%2C+WA%3BArmstrong%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Komolprasert&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - benzene; residues; recycling; gas chromatography; packaging; food contamination; plastics; beverages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential susceptibility of plasma proteins to oxidative modification: Examination by Western blot immunoassay AN - 16594178; 3653751 AB - Plasma proteins are exposed to oxidants in a variety of circumstances in vivo, such as during tissue injury and inflammation. In this report, the relative susceptibility of each of the major plasma proteins to oxidative modification was assessed by exposing whole plasma to a metal-catalyzed radical generating system and detecting oxidation (protein carbonyl groups) using a novel Western blot immunoassay. Proteins were derivitized with dinitrophenylhydrazine, separated by SDS-gel electrophoresis, and screened with antibodies against dinitrophenyl groups. As little as 1 pmol of protein-associated carbonyls could be detected (100 ng of a 50 kD protein containing 0.5 mol carbonyl/mol protein). Individual plasma proteins were identified by their comigration with standards, crossreactivity with specific antibodies, and by comparison of plasma to serum. Using this approach, we found that plasma fibrinogen was much more susceptible to oxidative modification compared to the other major plasma proteins, albumin, immunoglobulins, and transferrin. JF - Free Radical Biology & Medicine AU - Shacter, E AU - Williams, JA AU - Lim, M AU - Levine, R L AD - FDA, Build. 29A, Rm. 3C-24, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 429 EP - 437 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - oxygen KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Western blotting KW - stress KW - proteins KW - free radicals KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16594178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.atitle=Differential+susceptibility+of+plasma+proteins+to+oxidative+modification%3A+Examination+by+Western+blot+immunoassay&rft.au=Shacter%2C+E%3BWilliams%2C+JA%3BLim%2C+M%3BLevine%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Shacter&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+Radical+Biology+%26+Medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - proteins; free radicals; stress; Western blotting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vibrio cholerae non-O1 serogroup associated with cholera gravis genetically and physiologically resembles O1 El Tor cholera strains AN - 16590320; 3642838 AB - Until recently, only Vibrio cholerae strains of the O1 serogroup have been associated with epidemic cholera. In December 1992, an outbreak of cholera gravis in Vellore, India, was attributed to a new serogroup of V. cholerae recently designated O139. Serogroup O139 cholera has since spread to 13 countries and has reached pandemic proportions. Serogroup O139 cholera evades immunity to O1 cholera and is not detected by the standard O1 antigen test. Understanding the origins of O139 cholera and determining the relatedness of O139 to O1 cholera are necessary to devise strategies for detecting, reporting, and controlling this new pandemic. In order to determine the origins of this novel cholera serogroup, O139 was analyzed for virulence genes, for virulence proteins and their regulation, and for its genomic background. We found that O139 and O1 V. cholerae strains of the El Tor biotype possess highly homologous virulence genes encoding cholera toxin and toxin-coregulated pili and that the regulation of virulence protein expression likewise was indistinguishable between O139 and O1. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed the restriction digest pattern of O139 strains to be closely related to that of O1 serogroup El Tor biotype cholera strains from the Indian subcontinent. However, PFGE showed minor differences among individual O139 cholera isolates, suggesting that O139 V. cholerae is evolving. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Hall, R H AU - Khambaty, F M AU - Kothary, M H AU - Keasler, S P AU - Tall, B D AD - Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 3859 EP - 3863 VL - 62 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cholera KW - genetic analysis KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - outbreaks KW - man KW - India KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16590320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Vibrio+cholerae+non-O1+serogroup+associated+with+cholera+gravis+genetically+and+physiologically+resembles+O1+El+Tor+cholera+strains&rft.au=Hall%2C+R+H%3BKhambaty%2C+F+M%3BKothary%2C+M+H%3BKeasler%2C+S+P%3BTall%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3859&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibrio cholerae; India; genetic analysis; cholera; outbreaks; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA research in regulatory risk assessment AN - 16585322; 3636880 AB - The responsibility of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is to assure the safety of foods, drugs and cosmetics. To fulfill its mandated mission, FDA has to carry out research in order to improve testing technology and risk assessment. The National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) is currently carrying out research in support of this mission. This paper briefly describes regulatory risk assessment research at the NCTR. JF - Journal of Food and Drug Analysis AU - Fu, P P AU - Chiu, Li-Hsueh AU - Von Tungeln, LS AU - Herreno-Saenz, D AD - Biochem. Toxicol. Div., Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., U.S. FDA, Admin., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 83 EP - 88 VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 1021-9498, 1021-9498 KW - foods KW - federal regulations KW - FDA KW - cosmetics KW - government policy KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - hazards KW - drugs KW - toxicology KW - food KW - safety regulations KW - research programs KW - USA KW - dose-response effects KW - risk assessment KW - R2 23090:Policy and planning KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16585322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+and+Drug+Analysis&rft.atitle=FDA+research+in+regulatory+risk+assessment&rft.au=Fu%2C+P+P%3BChiu%2C+Li-Hsueh%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+LS%3BHerreno-Saenz%2C+D&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+and+Drug+Analysis&rft.issn=10219498&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; drugs; toxicology; research programs; federal regulations; risk assessment; dose-response effects; hazards; safety regulations; food; cosmetics; government policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic neurological sequelae to organophosphate pesticide poisoning AN - 16581214; 3671873 AB - California surveillance data were used in a study of neurological function among 128 men poisoned by organophosphate pesticides in California from 1982 to 1990 and 90 referents. Tests included a neurological physical examination, 5 nerve conduction tests, 2 vibrotactile sensitivity tests, 10 neurobehavioral tests, and 1 postural sway test. After correcting for confounding, the poisoned group performed significantly worse than the referent group on two neurobehavioral tests (sustained visual attention and mood scales). When the data were restricted to men with documented cholinesterase inhibition (n = 83) or to men who had been hospitalized (n = 36), the poisoned subjects also showed significantly worse vibrotactile sensitivity of finger and toe. Significant trends of increased impairment were found with increased days of disability on a wide spectrum of tests of both central and peripheral nerve function. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Steenland, K AU - Jenkins, B AU - Ames, R G AU - O'Malley, M AU - Chrislip, D AU - Russo, J AD - NIOSH R-13, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 731 EP - 736 VL - 84 IS - 5 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - organophosphates KW - pesticides (organophosphorus) KW - man KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - neurotoxicity KW - poisoning KW - USA, California KW - toxicology KW - pesticides KW - X 24132:Chronic exposure KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - N3 11105:Primates KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16581214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Chronic+neurological+sequelae+to+organophosphate+pesticide+poisoning&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BJenkins%2C+B%3BAmes%2C+R+G%3BO%27Malley%2C+M%3BChrislip%2C+D%3BRusso%2C+J&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, California; organophosphates; pesticides; poisoning; neurotoxicity; toxicology; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of inter-animal variability on the estimation of population pharmacokinetic parameters in preclinical studies AN - 16579959; 3659624 AB - Single response population (1 sample / animal) simulation studies were carried out (assuming a 1 compartment model) to investigate the influence of inter-animal variability (in clearance ( sigma sub(Cl)) and volume ( sigma sub(v))) on the estimation of population pharmacokinetic parameters. NONMEM was used for parameter estimation. Individual and joint confidence intervals coverage for parameter estimates were computed to reveal the influence of bias and standard error (SE) on interval estimates. The coverage of interval estimates, percent prediction error and correlation analysis were used to judge the efficiency of parameter estimation. The efficiency of estimation of Cl and V was good, on average, irrespective of the values of sigma sub(Cl) and sigma sub(V). Estimates of sigma sub(Cl) and sigma sub(V) were biased and imprecise. Small biases and high precision resulted in good confidence intervals coverage for Cl and V. SE was the major determinant of confidence intervals coverage for the random effect parameters, sigma sub(Cl) and sigma sub(V), and the joint confidence intervals coverage for all parameter estimates. JF - Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs AU - Ette, E I AU - Kelman, A W AU - Howie, CA AU - Whiting, B AD - Div. Biopharm., HFD-426, Rm 13 B 06, CDER, FDA, 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 121 EP - 139 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 1060-1333, 1060-1333 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - laboratory animals KW - populations KW - drugs KW - pharmacokinetics KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16579959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Research+and+Regulatory+Affairs&rft.atitle=Influence+of+inter-animal+variability+on+the+estimation+of+population+pharmacokinetic+parameters+in+preclinical+studies&rft.au=Ette%2C+E+I%3BKelman%2C+A+W%3BHowie%2C+CA%3BWhiting%2C+B&rft.aulast=Ette&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Research+and+Regulatory+Affairs&rft.issn=10601333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity testing; laboratory animals; populations; drugs; pharmacokinetics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and subcellular localization of three Ptl proteins involved in the secretion of pertussis toxin from Bordetella pertussis AN - 16573024; 3642882 AB - The ptl locus of Bordetella pertussis contains eight open reading frames which are predicted to encode proteins (PtlA to PtlH) that are essential for secretion of pertussis toxin from the bacterium and which are members of a family of transport proteins found in other types of bacteria. We have detected PtlE, PtlF, and PtlG in immunoblots of extracts of B. pertussis by using antibodies raised to fusion proteins consisting of maltose-binding protein and the individual Ptl proteins. These proteins have apparent molecular weights similar to those predicted by DNA sequence analysis. Cell fractionation studies indicated that all three Ptl proteins are associated with the membranes of B. pertussis, suggesting that the Ptl proteins form a gate or channel which facilitates transport of pertussis toxin. Cell extracts of other Bordetella spp. were probed with antibodies to Ptl proteins for the presence of these transport proteins. Neither Bordetella parapertussis nor Bordetella bronchiseptica contained detectable levels of PtlE or PtlF. This lack of detectable Ptl protein may provide an explanation for previous observations which indicated that introduction of the genes encoding pertussis toxin subunits from B. pertussis into other Bordetella spp. results in production of the toxin but not secretion of the toxin. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Johnson, F D AU - Burns, D L AD - FDA/CBER/DBP, HFM-434, 1401 Rockville Pk., Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 5350 EP - 5356 VL - 176 IS - 17 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Ptl protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - secretion KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - toxins KW - Bordetella bronchiseptica KW - Bordetella parapertussis KW - immunoblotting KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16573024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Detection+and+subcellular+localization+of+three+Ptl+proteins+involved+in+the+secretion+of+pertussis+toxin+from+Bordetella+pertussis&rft.au=Johnson%2C+F+D%3BBurns%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=176&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=5350&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; Bordetella parapertussis; Bordetella bronchiseptica; secretion; toxins; immunoblotting ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Properties of US Standard Endotoxin (EC-5) in human male volunteers AN - 16572209; 3631241 AB - There has been a great interest in endotoxin testing using both Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) and the rabbit pyrogen test. It is often difficult to relate the results of the actual biological potency of endotoxin in man. There is a need to have the US Standard Endotoxin (Lot EC-5) tested in human volunteers so that rabbit and human data can be compared. Human male volunteers were divided randomly into 5 groups of 12. Each group was given an intravenous injection of Lot EC-5 at a level of either 0, 2, 4, 8, or 16 endotoxin units (EU) per kg of body weight. The oral temperature was taken and recorded every 15 min for 8 h. The pyrogenic properties of the US Standard Endotoxin in humans over the test period were determined. The results indicated that there is a direct correlation between EU/kg administered and temperature rise. The threshold pyrogenic dose ( greater than or equal to 1.0 degree F rise in 50% of volunteers) in this study is approximately 4.1 EU/kg. JF - Journal of Endotoxin Research AU - Hochstein, H D AU - Fitzgerald, E A AU - McMahon, F G AU - Vargas, R AD - Div. Prod. Qual. Control, Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 52 EP - 56 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 0968-0519, 0968-0519 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - standards KW - USA KW - endotoxins KW - man KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16572209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Endotoxin+Research&rft.atitle=Properties+of+US+Standard+Endotoxin+%28EC-5%29+in+human+male+volunteers&rft.au=Hochstein%2C+H+D%3BFitzgerald%2C+E+A%3BMcMahon%2C+F+G%3BVargas%2C+R&rft.aulast=Hochstein&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Endotoxin+Research&rft.issn=09680519&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; endotoxins; man; standards ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human renal cell carcinoma cells are sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of a chimeric protein composed of human interleukin-4 and Pseudomonas exotoxin AN - 16567810; 3644685 AB - We have previously demonstrated that functional high-affinity interleukin-4 receptors (IL-4R) are expressed on human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. In the present study, we examined the cytotoxic effect (determined by inhibition of protein synthesis) of a chimeric protein composed of human IL-4 and Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) on human RCC tumor samples obtained from patients undergoing nephrectomy. The chimeric gene encoding hIL4-PE4E was constructed by fusing a cDNA clone for human IL-4 to the 5' end of a mutated cDNA encoding a full-length PE molecule. This gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and large quantities of this recombinant protein were isolated to more than 95% purity. This chimeric protein, hIL4-PE4E, was highly cytotoxic to all six RCC cell lines examined. The concentration of hIL4-PE4E at which 50% inhibition of protein synthesis was obtained ranged from <1 ng/ml (12 pM) to 10 ng/ml (120 pM) in five of the six isolates of RCC and 40-70 ng/ml in one other. A mutant chimeric protein which can bind to IL-4R but lacks the ADP ribosylation activity of PE was not cytotoxic to the RCC cells. The cytotoxic effect of hIL4-PE4E was IL-4R mediated because a fourfold molar excess of IL-4 abrogated the cytotoxic effect of hIL4-PE4E. A neutralizing monoclonal antibody to IL-4 also abrogated the cytotoxic effect of hIL4-PE4E. hIL4-PE4E showed very little cytotoxic activity to a normal human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ID sub(50) = 1000 ng/ml) and a human fibroblast cell line (ID sub(50) similar to 400 ng/ml). Nonactivated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were also insensitive to hIL4-PE4E (ID sub(50), similar to 500 ng/ml), whereas phytohemagglutinin-activated PBL were highly susceptible to the cytotoxic effect of hIL4-PE4E (ID sub(50), similar to 4 ng/ml). These data indicate that hIL4-PE4E may be a useful agent for the treatment of human RCC without affecting normal and resting immune cells. JF - Cellular Immunology AU - Puri, R K AU - Debinski, W AU - Obiri, N AU - Kreitman, R AU - Pastan, I AD - Lab. Mol. Tumor Biol., Div. Cell. and Gene Ther., Cent. for Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA/NIH, Build. 29A, Room 2B23, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 369 EP - 379 VL - 154 IS - 2 SN - 0008-8749, 0008-8749 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - pseudomonas KW - interleukin 4 KW - immunotherapy KW - exotoxins KW - kidney KW - man KW - carcinoma KW - F 06818:Cancer immunotherapy KW - W3 33150:Cytokine based KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16567810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+Immunology&rft.atitle=Human+renal+cell+carcinoma+cells+are+sensitive+to+the+cytotoxic+effect+of+a+chimeric+protein+composed+of+human+interleukin-4+and+Pseudomonas+exotoxin&rft.au=Puri%2C+R+K%3BDebinski%2C+W%3BObiri%2C+N%3BKreitman%2C+R%3BPastan%2C+I&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=154&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+Immunology&rft.issn=00088749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - interleukin 4; exotoxins; immunotherapy; kidney; man; carcinoma; pseudomonas ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Public health assessment for petitioned public health assessment, E.I. Du Pont de Nemours, Pompton Lakes, Passaic County, New Jersey, Region 2. CERCLIS No. NJD980771604. Final rept. AN - 15881418; 4031603 AB - The E.I. Du Pont site is in Pompton Lakes, Passaic County, New Jersey. E.I. Du Pont, Pompton Lakes Works (PLW) is an explosives manufacturing operation that has been in operation since 1886. Waste management practices during this time have resulted in significant contamination of surface water, soil and sediment, and groundwater contamination both on and off site. Exposure to lead- and mercury-contaminated soils in the Acid Brook Area may cause adverse health effects. In addition, long-term exposures to trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, dichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride found in some private wells have resulted in a low to moderate increased risk for cancer for residents who have used the wells as a drinking water supply in the past. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 KW - USA, New Jersey, Passaic Cty. KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - industrial wastes KW - waste management KW - pollution effects KW - manufacturing industry KW - public health KW - H SE3.23:WASTE DISPOSAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15881418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Public+health+assessment+for+petitioned+public+health+assessment%2C+E.I.+Du+Pont+de+Nemours%2C+Pompton+Lakes%2C+Passaic+County%2C+New+Jersey%2C+Region+2.+CERCLIS+No.+NJD980771604.+Final+rept.&rft.title=Public+health+assessment+for+petitioned+public+health+assessment%2C+E.I.+Du+Pont+de+Nemours%2C+Pompton+Lakes%2C+Passaic+County%2C+New+Jersey%2C+Region+2.+CERCLIS+No.+NJD980771604.+Final+rept.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - NTIS Order No: PB94143385XSP N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Proposal to establish procedures for the safe processing and importing of fish and fishery products AN - 15686098; 3964236 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is proposing to adopt regulations to ensure the safe processing and importing of fish and fishery products. These procedures include the monitoring of selected processes in accordance with Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) principles. HACCP is a preventive system of hazard control that can be used by food processors and importers. FDA is proposing these regulations because a system of preventive controls is the most effective and efficient way to ensure that these products are safe. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 KW - FDA KW - federal regulations KW - food processing industry KW - health and safety KW - processed fishery products KW - trade KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - legislation KW - USA KW - seafood KW - safety regulations KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15686098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Proposal+to+establish+procedures+for+the+safe+processing+and+importing+of+fish+and+fishery+products&rft.title=Proposal+to+establish+procedures+for+the+safe+processing+and+importing+of+fish+and+fishery+products&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - NTIS Order No: PB94134707XSP. N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intramuscular toxicity and absorbance of a parenteral formulation of halofantrine-HCL AN - 15618999; 3931044 AB - Halofantrine is a phenanthrene methanol antimalarial agent that possesses high activity against sensitive and resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. It is slowly and variably absorbed following oral administration and is thus usually administered by multiple oral dosing, given over 12 hours, in order to achieve therapeutic blood levels. The feasibility of performing pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies of halofantrine via the intramuscular (IM) route was investigated using a parenteral formulation under development. Muscle damage following IM administration of halofantrine HCl formulated as a co-solvent system (dimetylacetamide and polyethylene glycol 400) was assessed in studies of the M. vastus lateralis of the rabbit. Intramuscular injection of the co-solvent system produced little or no muscle damage; while the IM injection of the co-solvent formulation of halofantrine produced a dose-related myotoxicity, including necrosis. (DBO) JF - Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs AU - Ajayi, F O AU - Fleckenstein, L L AD - Div. Biopharm., FDA, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 193 EP - 205 VL - 11 IS - 3-4 SN - 1060-1333, 1060-1333 KW - halofantrine KW - rabbits KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - antimalarial agents KW - muscles KW - X 24111:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15618999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Research+and+Regulatory+Affairs&rft.atitle=Intramuscular+toxicity+and+absorbance+of+a+parenteral+formulation+of+halofantrine-HCL&rft.au=Ajayi%2C+F+O%3BFleckenstein%2C+L+L&rft.aulast=Ajayi&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Research+and+Regulatory+Affairs&rft.issn=10601333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - antimalarial agents; muscles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adequacy of cosmetic preservation: Chemical analysis, microbial challenge and in-use testing AN - 15605370; 3926004 AB - The adequacy of preservation of seven previously unopened commercial cosmetic products was tested by individual challenges with Aspergillus niger ATCC 9642, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15422, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, using the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) method. Each product was consecutively challenged three times, 28 days apart. Inoculated composite products were counted by conventional techniques at eight prefixed intervals. Six of seven cosmetics passed the CTFA acceptance criteria. On the basis of viable counts seven days after inoculation (CTFA criteria), the products were classified as follows: five products were well preserved, one was marginally preserved, and one was poorly preserved. The poorly preserved product failed the CTFA criteria for all three bacteria tested. Concentrations of preservative ingredients in uninoculated composites were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. All preservatives listed on the labels of the seven cosmetic products were identified by chemical analysis. Tentative in-use validation of the CTFA criteria was performed for three of the seven cosmetic formulations. The results suggested that some cosmetic products may be underpreserved. JF - International Journal of Cosmetic Science AU - Tran, T T AU - Hurley, F J AU - Shurbaji, M AU - Koopman, L B AD - US Food and Drug Administration, 200 C St., S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 61 EP - 76 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0142-5463, 0142-5463 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cosmetics KW - contamination KW - preservation KW - microorganisms KW - A 01070:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - J 02805:Preservatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15605370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Cosmetic+Science&rft.atitle=Adequacy+of+cosmetic+preservation%3A+Chemical+analysis%2C+microbial+challenge+and+in-use+testing&rft.au=Tran%2C+T+T%3BHurley%2C+F+J%3BShurbaji%2C+M%3BKoopman%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Tran&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Cosmetic+Science&rft.issn=01425463&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cosmetics; preservation; microorganisms; contamination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519938234 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 4 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938234?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519938233 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 3 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519938232 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519938223 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 5 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938223?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938216 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 12 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938213 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 6 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938212 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 6 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519938211 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 5 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment Needs of Women With Alcohol Problems AN - 1474334591 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Beckman, Linda J Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 206 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Treatment+Needs+of+Women+With+Alcohol+Problems&rft.au=Beckman%2C+Linda+J&rft.aulast=Beckman&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NIAAA's Epidemiologic Bulletin No. 33 Knowledge of FAS and the Risks of Heavy Drinking During Pregnancy, 1985 and 1990 AN - 1474334543 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Dufour, Mary C AU - Williams, Gerald D AU - Campbell, Karen E AU - Aitken, Sherrie S Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 86 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=NIAAA%27s+Epidemiologic+Bulletin+No.+33+Knowledge+of+FAS+and+the+Risks+of+Heavy+Drinking+During+Pregnancy%2C+1985+and+1990&rft.au=Dufour%2C+Mary+C%3BWilliams%2C+Gerald+D%3BCampbell%2C+Karen+E%3BAitken%2C+Sherrie+S&rft.aulast=Dufour&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Need for Alcohol Abuse-Related Education in Nursing Curricula AN - 1474334513 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Naegle, Madeline A Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 154 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Need+for+Alcohol+Abuse-Related+Education+in+Nursing+Curricula&rft.au=Naegle%2C+Madeline+A&rft.aulast=Naegle&rft.aufirst=Madeline&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Among Women AN - 1474334467 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Lex, Barbara W Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 212 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+Other+Drug+Abuse+Among+Women&rft.au=Lex%2C+Barbara+W&rft.aulast=Lex&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detecting Alcohol-Related Problems in Trauma Center Patients AN - 1474334458 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Soderstrom, Carl A Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 127 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Detecting+Alcohol-Related+Problems+in+Trauma+Center+Patients&rft.au=Soderstrom%2C+Carl+A&rft.aulast=Soderstrom&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Nurses in Primary Care: Managing Alcohol-Abusing Patients AN - 1474334386 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Sullivan, Eleanor J AU - Handley, Sandra M AU - Connors, Helen Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 158 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Nurses+in+Primary+Care%3A+Managing+Alcohol-Abusing+Patients&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+Eleanor+J%3BHandley%2C+Sandra+M%3BConnors%2C+Helen&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychiatric Comorbidity: Occurrence and Treatment AN - 1474334332 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Miller, Norman S Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 261 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Psychiatric+Comorbidity%3A+Occurrence+and+Treatment&rft.au=Miller%2C+Norman+S&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Long-Term Perspective of FAS AN - 1474334319 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Streissguth, Ann P Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 74 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=A+Long-Term+Perspective+of+FAS&rft.au=Streissguth%2C+Ann+P&rft.aulast=Streissguth&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of Treatment in General Medicine Patients With Drinking Problems AN - 1474321960 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Buchsbaum, David Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 140 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321960?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+Treatment+in+General+Medicine+Patients+With+Drinking+Problems&rft.au=Buchsbaum%2C+David&rft.aulast=Buchsbaum&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=140&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative Teratogenicity of Alcohol and Other Drugs AN - 1474321839 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Day, Nancy L AU - Richardson, Gale A Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 42 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Comparative+Teratogenicity+of+Alcohol+and+Other+Drugs&rft.au=Day%2C+Nancy+L%3BRichardson%2C+Gale+A&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patient-Treatment Matching: Rationale and Results AN - 1474321644 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Mattson, Margaret E Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 287 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Patient-Treatment+Matching%3A+Rationale+and+Results&rft.au=Mattson%2C+Margaret+E&rft.aulast=Mattson&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical Recognition of FAS: Difficulties of Detection and Diagnosis AN - 1474321625 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Aase, Jon M Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 5 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Clinical+Recognition+of+FAS%3A+Difficulties+of+Detection+and+Diagnosis&rft.au=Aase%2C+Jon+M&rft.aulast=Aase&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol, Hormones, and Health in Postmenopausal Women AN - 1474321607 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Tivis, Laura J AU - Gavaler, Judith S Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 185 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%2C+Hormones%2C+and+Health+in+Postmenopausal+Women&rft.au=Tivis%2C+Laura+J%3BGavaler%2C+Judith+S&rft.aulast=Tivis&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Animal Research: Charting the Course for FAS AN - 1474321584 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Becker, Howard C AU - Randall, Carrie L AU - Salo, Allen L AU - Saulnier, Jocelynn L AU - Weathersby, R T Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 10 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Animal+Research%3A+Charting+the+Course+for+FAS&rft.au=Becker%2C+Howard+C%3BRandall%2C+Carrie+L%3BSalo%2C+Allen+L%3BSaulnier%2C+Jocelynn+L%3BWeathersby%2C+R+T&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NIAAA's Epidemiologic Bulletin No. 34 Prevalence of Screening for Alcohol Use by Physicians During Routine Physical Examinations AN - 1474321481 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Deitz, Diane AU - Rohde, Fred AU - Bertolucci, Darryl AU - Dufour, Mary Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 162 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=NIAAA%27s+Epidemiologic+Bulletin+No.+34+Prevalence+of+Screening+for+Alcohol+Use+by+Physicians+During+Routine+Physical+Examinations&rft.au=Deitz%2C+Diane%3BRohde%2C+Fred%3BBertolucci%2C+Darryl%3BDufour%2C+Mary&rft.aulast=Deitz&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The General Internist AN - 1474321478 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - O' Connor, Patrick G Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 110 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Sports+participation+and+problem+alcohol+use%3A+a+multi-wave+national+sample+of+adolescents.&rft.au=Mays%2C+Darren%3BDepadilla%2C+Lara%3BThompson%2C+Nancy+J%3BKushner%2C+Howard+I%3BWindle%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Mays&rft.aufirst=Darren&rft.date=2010-05-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=1873-2607&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2010.01.023 DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cellular and Molecular Bases of Alcohol's Teratogenic Effects AN - 1474321462 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Michaelis, Elias K AU - Michaelis, Mary L Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 17 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Cellular+and+Molecular+Bases+of+Alcohol%27s+Teratogenic+Effects&rft.au=Michaelis%2C+Elias+K%3BMichaelis%2C+Mary+L&rft.aulast=Michaelis&rft.aufirst=Elias&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=1873-2607&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2010.01.023 DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cognitive Deficits in Alcoholic Women AN - 1474321385 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Nixon, Sara Jo Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 228 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Cognitive+Deficits+in+Alcoholic+Women&rft.au=Nixon%2C+Sara+Jo&rft.aulast=Nixon&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+preventive+medicine&rft.issn=1873-2607&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2010.01.023 DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical Education in Alcohol and Other Drugs: Curriculum Development for Primary Care AN - 1474321375 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - DUBÉ, CATHERINE E AU - Lewis, David C Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 146 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Medical+Education+in+Alcohol+and+Other+Drugs%3A+Curriculum+Development+for+Primary+Care&rft.au=DUB%C3%89%2C+CATHERINE+E%3BLewis%2C+David+C&rft.aulast=DUB%C3%89&rft.aufirst=CATHERINE&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=146&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tracking the Prevalence of FAS AN - 1474321364 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - CORDERO, JOSÉ F AU - Floyd, R Louise AU - Martin, M Louise AU - Davis, Margarett AU - Hymbaugh, Karen Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 82 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Tracking+the+Prevalence+of+FAS&rft.au=CORDERO%2C+JOS%C3%89+F%3BFloyd%2C+R+Louise%3BMartin%2C+M+Louise%3BDavis%2C+Margarett%3BHymbaugh%2C+Karen&rft.aulast=CORDERO&rft.aufirst=JOS%C3%89&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=82&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Neurobehavioral Development: Where Is the Threshold? AN - 1474321276 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Jacobson, Joseph L AU - Jacobson, Sandra W Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 30 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Prenatal+Alcohol+Exposure+and+Neurobehavioral+Development%3A+Where+Is+the+Threshold%3F&rft.au=Jacobson%2C+Joseph+L%3BJacobson%2C+Sandra+W&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological State Markers of Alcohol Abuse AN - 1474321244 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Salaspuro, Mikko Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 131 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Biological+State+Markers+of+Alcohol+Abuse&rft.au=Salaspuro%2C+Mikko&rft.aulast=Salaspuro&rft.aufirst=Mikko&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches to Alcoholism Treatment AN - 1474321185 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Kadden, Ronald M Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 279 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Cognitive-Behavioral+Approaches+to+Alcoholism+Treatment&rft.au=Kadden%2C+Ronald+M&rft.aulast=Kadden&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Aspects of Alcohol Use and Alcoholism in Women AN - 1474321173 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Svikis, Dace S AU - Velez, Martha L AU - Pickens, Roy W Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 192 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Genetic+Aspects+of+Alcohol+Use+and+Alcoholism+in+Women&rft.au=Svikis%2C+Dace+S%3BVelez%2C+Martha+L%3BPickens%2C+Roy+W&rft.aulast=Svikis&rft.aufirst=Dace&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MRI and Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Images Provide Insight Into FAS AN - 1474321140 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Mattson, Sarah N AU - Jernigan, Terry L AU - Riley, Edward P Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 49 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=MRI+and+Prenatal+Alcohol+Exposure%3A+Images+Provide+Insight+Into+FAS&rft.au=Mattson%2C+Sarah+N%3BJernigan%2C+Terry+L%3BRiley%2C+Edward+P&rft.aulast=Mattson&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Critical Periods for Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Evidence From Animal and Human Studies AN - 1474321133 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Coles, Claire Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 22 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Critical+Periods+for+Prenatal+Alcohol+Exposure%3A+Evidence+From+Animal+and+Human+Studies&rft.au=Coles%2C+Claire&rft.aulast=Coles&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Naltrexone and the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence AN - 1474321104 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Volpicelli, Joseph R AU - Clay, Karen L AU - Watson, Nathan T AU - Volpicelli, Laura A Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 272 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Naltrexone+and+the+Treatment+of+Alcohol+Dependence&rft.au=Volpicelli%2C+Joseph+R%3BClay%2C+Karen+L%3BWatson%2C+Nathan+T%3BVolpicelli%2C+Laura+A&rft.aulast=Volpicelli&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medications for Treating Alcoholism AN - 1474321090 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Anton, Raymond F Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 265 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Medications+for+Treating+Alcoholism&rft.au=Anton%2C+Raymond+F&rft.aulast=Anton&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mandated Treatment: Lessons From Research With Drinking and Driving Offenders AN - 1474317782 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Wells-Parker, Elisabeth Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 302 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Mandated+Treatment%3A+Lessons+From+Research+With+Drinking+and+Driving+Offenders&rft.au=Wells-Parker%2C+Elisabeth&rft.aulast=Wells-Parker&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=302&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Primary Care Practitioner's Role in the Prevention and Management of Alcohol Problems AN - 1474317780 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Bradley, Katharine A Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 97 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Primary+Care+Practitioner%27s+Role+in+the+Prevention+and+Management+of+Alcohol+Problems&rft.au=Bradley%2C+Katharine+A&rft.aulast=Bradley&rft.aufirst=Katharine&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FAS Prevention Strategies: Passive and Active Measures AN - 1474317779 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Hankin, Janet R Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 62 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=FAS+Prevention+Strategies%3A+Passive+and+Active+Measures&rft.au=Hankin%2C+Janet+R&rft.aulast=Hankin&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcoholics Anonymous: Who Benefits? AN - 1474317744 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Tonigan, J Scott AU - HILLER-STURMHÖFEL, SUSANNE Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 308 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcoholics+Anonymous%3A+Who+Benefits%3F&rft.au=Tonigan%2C+J+Scott%3BHILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL%2C+SUSANNE&rft.aulast=Tonigan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Paternal Exposure to Alcohol on Offspring Development AN - 1474317646 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Cicero, Theodore J Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 37 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Paternal+Exposure+to+Alcohol+on+Offspring+Development&rft.au=Cicero%2C+Theodore+J&rft.aulast=Cicero&rft.aufirst=Theodore&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Factors for Drinking Over a Woman's Life Span AN - 1474317619 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Gomberg, Edith S Lisansky Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 220 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Risk+Factors+for+Drinking+Over+a+Woman%27s+Life+Span&rft.au=Gomberg%2C+Edith+S+Lisansky&rft.aulast=Gomberg&rft.aufirst=Edith+S&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment of Adolescent Alcohol Abuse and Dependence AN - 1474317606 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Bukstein, Oscar G Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 296 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Treatment+of+Adolescent+Alcohol+Abuse+and+Dependence&rft.au=Bukstein%2C+Oscar+G&rft.aulast=Bukstein&rft.aufirst=Oscar&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NIAAA's Epidemiologic Bulletin No. 35 Prevalence of DSM - IV Alcohol Abuse and Dependence: United States, 1992 AN - 1474317597 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Grant, Bridget F AU - Harford, Thomas C AU - Dawson, Deborah A AU - Chou, Patricia AU - Dufour, Mary AU - Pickering, Roger Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 243 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=NIAAA%27s+Epidemiologic+Bulletin+No.+35+Prevalence+of+DSM+-+IV+Alcohol+Abuse+and+Dependence%3A+United+States%2C+1992&rft.au=Grant%2C+Bridget+F%3BHarford%2C+Thomas+C%3BDawson%2C+Deborah+A%3BChou%2C+Patricia%3BDufour%2C+Mary%3BPickering%2C+Roger&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Bridget&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking and Alcohol-Related Problems Among Minority Women AN - 1474317562 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Caetano, Raul Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 233 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Drinking+and+Alcohol-Related+Problems+Among+Minority+Women&rft.au=Caetano%2C+Raul&rft.aulast=Caetano&rft.aufirst=Raul&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcoholism Treatment in the United States AN - 1474317408 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - McCaul, Mary E AU - Furst, Janice Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 253 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcoholism+Treatment+in+the+United+States&rft.au=McCaul%2C+Mary+E%3BFurst%2C+Janice&rft.aulast=McCaul&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Pediatrician AN - 1474317316 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Adger, Hoover AU - Werner, Mark J Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 121 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Pediatrician&rft.au=Adger%2C+Hoover%3BWerner%2C+Mark+J&rft.aulast=Adger&rft.aufirst=Hoover&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intervention and the Child With FAS AN - 1474317286 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Weiner, Lyn AU - Morse, Barbara A Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 67 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Intervention+and+the+Child+With+FAS&rft.au=Weiner%2C+Lyn%3BMorse%2C+Barbara+A&rft.aulast=Weiner&rft.aufirst=Lyn&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Obstetrician/Gynecologist AN - 1474317261 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Thorp, John M AU - HILLER-STURMHÖFEL, SUSANNE Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 117 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Obstetrician%2FGynecologist&rft.au=Thorp%2C+John+M%3BHILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL%2C+SUSANNE&rft.aulast=Thorp&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Family Physician AN - 1474317193 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Barry, Kristen L AU - Fleming, Michael F Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 105 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Family+Physician&rft.au=Barry%2C+Kristen+L%3BFleming%2C+Michael+F&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=Kristen&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - How Women Drink: Epidemiology of Women's Drinking and Problem Drinking AN - 1474317009 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Wilsnack, Sharon C AU - Wilsnack, Richard W AU - HILLER-STURMHÖFEL, SUSANNE Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 173 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=How+Women+Drink%3A+Epidemiology+of+Women%27s+Drinking+and+Problem+Drinking&rft.au=Wilsnack%2C+Sharon+C%3BWilsnack%2C+Richard+W%3BHILLER-STURMH%C3%96FEL%2C+SUSANNE&rft.aulast=Wilsnack&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liver Transplantation and Alcoholism Rehabilitation AN - 1474316957 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Beresford, Thomas Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 310 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316957?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Liver+Transplantation+and+Alcoholism+Rehabilitation&rft.au=Beresford%2C+Thomas&rft.aulast=Beresford&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Economic Cost of FAS AN - 1474316900 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Bloss, Gregory Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 53 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Economic+Cost+of+FAS&rft.au=Bloss%2C+Gregory&rft.aulast=Bloss&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and Female Sexuality: A Look at Expectancies and Risks AN - 1474316873 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Norris, Jeanette Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 197 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+Female+Sexuality%3A+A+Look+at+Expectancies+and+Risks&rft.au=Norris%2C+Jeanette&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Jeanette&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New Assessment Tools for Risk Drinking During Pregnancy: T-ACE, TWEAK, and Others AN - 1474316816 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Russell, Marcia Y1 - 1994/01/01/ PY - 1994 DA - 1994 Jan 01 SP - 55 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=New+Assessment+Tools+for+Risk+Drinking+During+Pregnancy%3A+T-ACE%2C+TWEAK%2C+and+Others&rft.au=Russell%2C+Marcia&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Marcia&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modifications to the computer program TENSOR2D AN - 13670412; S199953268 AB - The U.S. Geological Survey computer code TENSOR2D computes the directional components of the anisotropic transmissivity tensor of 2-dimensional groundwater flow. It previously required the use of mathematical library programs, but has now been modified to run on personal computers. The revised code conforms to the Fortran 77 standard and could be applied to aquifer systems of varying levels of confinement by selecting match-point data from the type-curve family that best describes the aquifer system concerned. JF - Ground Water AU - Maslia, M L AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Ga. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 501 EP - 502 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 0017-467X, 0017-467X KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00001:Water Resources and Supplies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13670412?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ground+Water&rft.atitle=Modifications+to+the+computer+program+TENSOR2D&rft.au=Maslia%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Maslia&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ground+Water&rft.issn=0017467X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of polychlorinated biphenyl levels in the serum of residents and in the homogenates of seafood from the New Bedford, Massachusetts, area: a comparison of exposure sources through pattern recognition techniques AN - 13666232; S199952236 AB - Serum PCB levels were measured in 23 residents of New Bedford, Mass., U.S.A., and from 2 homogenates each of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) and lobsters (Homarus americanus) from the same area. Congener-specific and total Arochlor quantitative approaches were used. Univariate and multivariate quality control approaches were used to monitor the analyses. Levels of chlorinated pesticides were also measured in 2 groups of New Bedford residues, those with high PCB levels and those with low PCB levels. Those with high PCB levels had higher levels of hexachlorobenzene and p,p'-DDE. The concentrations were related to employment in the capacitor industry and/or seafood consumption. Gas chromatographic patterns of PCB found in the serum of New Bedford residents with high serum PCB were similar to patterns found in lobster homogenates and goats fed with Aroclor 1254. JF - Science of the Total Environment AU - Burse, V W AU - Groce, D F AU - Caudill, S P AU - Korver, M P AU - Phillips, D L AU - McClure, P C AU - Lapeza, C R AU - Head, S L AU - Miller, D T AU - Buckley, D J AU - Nassif, J AU - Timperi, R J AU - George, P M AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Ga. Y1 - 1994 PY - 1994 DA - 1994 SP - 153 EP - 177 VL - 144 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Analysis KW - Goat KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13666232?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Determination+of+polychlorinated+biphenyl+levels+in+the+serum+of+residents+and+in+the+homogenates+of+seafood+from+the+New+Bedford%2C+Massachusetts%2C+area%3A+a+comparison+of+exposure+sources+through+pattern+recognition+techniques&rft.au=Burse%2C+V+W%3BGroce%2C+D+F%3BCaudill%2C+S+P%3BKorver%2C+M+P%3BPhillips%2C+D+L%3BMcClure%2C+P+C%3BLapeza%2C+C+R%3BHead%2C+S+L%3BMiller%2C+D+T%3BBuckley%2C+D+J%3BNassif%2C+J%3BTimperi%2C+R+J%3BGeorge%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Burse&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=144&rft.issue=&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The absence of a synergistic protective effect of beta-carotene and vitamin E on skin tumorigenesis in mice. AN - 76248286; 8129306 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Lambert, L A AU - Wamer, W G AU - Wei, R R AU - Lavu, S AU - Kornhauser, A AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1993/12/31/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 31 SP - 259 EP - 261 VL - 691 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - Carotenoids KW - 36-88-4 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Diet KW - Drug Synergism KW - Time Factors KW - Carotenoids -- therapeutic use KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Skin Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Vitamin E -- therapeutic use KW - Skin Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Skin Neoplasms -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76248286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+absence+of+a+synergistic+protective+effect+of+beta-carotene+and+vitamin+E+on+skin+tumorigenesis+in+mice.&rft.au=Lambert%2C+L+A%3BWamer%2C+W+G%3BWei%2C+R+R%3BLavu%2C+S%3BKornhauser%2C+A&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-12-31&rft.volume=691&rft.issue=&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 76249737; 8133573 JF - JAMA AU - Nightingale, S L AD - Office of Health Affairs, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/12/08/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Dec 08 SP - 2669 VL - 270 IS - 22 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Drugs, Investigational KW - 0 KW - Metformin KW - 9100L32L2N KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Heart Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Metformin -- therapeutic use KW - Drugs, Investigational -- therapeutic use KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 -- drug therapy KW - Aspirin -- adverse effects KW - Aspirin -- therapeutic use KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Drug Labeling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76249737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-08&rft.volume=270&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=2669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to methyl tert-butyl ether and benzene among service station attendants and operators. AN - 76288228; 8020445 AB - Concerns for atmospheric pollution from auto exhaust have led to the blending of "oxygenates" with motor fuels. The most common oxygenate, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is currently required within several metropolitan areas (Denver and Phoenix) in the range of 12% of the motor fuel. Amendments to the Clean Air Act may expand this requirement to as many as 44 other areas of the United States in the near future. In consideration of the magnitude of potential uncontrolled exposures from its extensive use and a related concern involving the potential influence of MTBE blending on exposures to other constituents of gasoline (particularly benzene), an evaluation of exposures among service station attendants and operators was undertaken at the request, and in cooperation with, the American Petroleum Institute during the latter part of 1990. For application of the survey results to a broad audience, three categories or types of service stations were identified with regard to MTBE use and exposure potential: a) service stations that do not use MTBE or use it only as an octane enhancer, b) service stations with seasonal requirements to use 12-15% MTBE (the Denver, Colorado, and Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan areas), and c) service stations equipped with stage II (active) vapor recovery systems (several coastal areas, most notably Southern California). At the two sampled service stations that use only minimal amounts of MTBE (less than 1%), only 1 of 32 personal breathing zone (PBZ) samples from attendants was above the analytical limit of detection, reported at 0.16 ppm. The geometric mean concentration of benzene among this same population (n = 32) was 0.04 ppm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Hartle, R AD - Robert A. Taft Laboratories, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 23 EP - 26 VL - 101 Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Ethers KW - 0 KW - Gasoline KW - Methyl Ethers KW - Solvents KW - methyl tert-butyl ether KW - 29I4YB3S89 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Air Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Gasoline -- analysis KW - Gasoline -- adverse effects KW - Solvents -- adverse effects KW - Ethers -- adverse effects KW - Benzene -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76288228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+methyl+tert-butyl+ether+and+benzene+among+service+station+attendants+and+operators.&rft.au=Hartle%2C+R&rft.aulast=Hartle&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101+Suppl+6&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral effects of methylazoxymethanol-induced micrencephaly. AN - 76250074; 8136060 AB - This study was prompted by reports of functionally normal humans with micrencephaly or cortical hypoplasia. Methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) treatment, which induces micrencephaly in rats, was administered by injection (20 mg/kg) on gestational day 14. Prior to weaning and into adulthood, offspring were assessed on many behavioral tests. There were 3 findings. First, MAM rats (forebrain weight less than 2/3 of controls) were not profoundly hyperactive. Increased activity was seen only on prolonged tests or after amphetamine administration. Second, MAM rats were hypoactive in some conditions. These rats were light shy and less likely to explore lighted areas. MAM rats appeared hyperreactive to environmental stimuli, but not hyperactive. Finally, no MAM effect on behavior was as large as that on brain weight. Thus, as with clinical findings, rat micrencephalics are more remarkable for functional sparing than for behavioral abnormalities. JF - Behavioral neuroscience AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Racey, F D AU - Paule, M G AU - Holson, R R AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 1067 EP - 1076 VL - 107 IS - 6 SN - 0735-7044, 0735-7044 KW - Alkylating Agents KW - 0 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate KW - 592-62-1 KW - methylazoxymethanol KW - JGG19N3YDQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Discrimination Learning -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Cerebral Cortex -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Association Learning -- drug effects KW - Conditioning, Classical -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Arousal -- drug effects KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Orientation -- drug effects KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Problem Solving -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Alkylating Agents -- pharmacology KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- analogs & derivatives KW - Methylazoxymethanol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76250074?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Behavioral+effects+of+methylazoxymethanol-induced+micrencephaly.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S+A%3BRacey%2C+F+D%3BPaule%2C+M+G%3BHolson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1067&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioral+neuroscience&rft.issn=07357044&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-25 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-response and concentration-response relationships: clinical and regulatory perspectives. AN - 76249154; 8122284 AB - There are a number of effective but highly toxic drugs that exhibit a narrow therapeutic index and marked intersubject variability in pharmacokinetics (PK). Examples of these drugs included digoxin, theophylline, aminoglycosides, and anticancer (methotrexate) and immunosuppressive agents (cyclosporin A and FK-506). Optimal therapy with such drugs requires therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in order to safely obtain the desired clinical effects. The success of concentration-guided therapy with these drugs underscores the importance of using TDM and pharmacodynamic response (PD) to establish an appropriate balance of efficacy and toxicity through individualization of dosing. Although dose control has been the traditional paradigm for defining efficacy, safety, and dose response, it has recently been proposed that a concentration-oriented strategy of drug evaluation may facilitate the discovery of optimal doses and expedite new drug approval. However, as in medical therapeutics, the implementation of concentration-guided drug development may add to the complexity and cost. Therefore, it is important to assess the relative merits and limitations of dose-response and concentration-response (CR) strategies for establishing rational dosage information (e.g., a useful therapeutic range). Critical factors that have an effect on the ability to characterize dose-response/concentration-response relationships in clinical trials include study design, compliance, method of analysis, and sources of pharmacologic (PK-PD) variability. In this report, we describe the state of the art, based on a selected survey of successful dose-response studies. We give an example of a promising alternative strategy for evaluating CR for an immunosuppressive drug (FK-506) based on target drug concentrations extrapolated from preclinical models. JF - Therapeutic drug monitoring AU - Lieberman, R AU - Nelson, R AD - Staff College of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 498 EP - 502 VL - 15 IS - 6 SN - 0163-4356, 0163-4356 KW - Immunosuppressive Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Databases, Factual KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- pharmacology KW - Drug Monitoring -- methods KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Pharmacoepidemiology KW - Drug Approval -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76249154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Therapeutic+drug+monitoring&rft.atitle=Dose-response+and+concentration-response+relationships%3A+clinical+and+regulatory+perspectives.&rft.au=Lieberman%2C+R%3BNelson%2C+R&rft.aulast=Lieberman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=498&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Therapeutic+drug+monitoring&rft.issn=01634356&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparing toxicologic and epidemiologic studies: methylene chloride--a case study. AN - 76222688; 8310163 AB - Exposure to methylene chloride induces lung and liver cancers in mice. The mouse bioassay data have been used as the basis for several cancer risk assessments. The results from epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to methylene chloride have been mixed with respect to demonstrating an increased cancer risk. The results from a negative epidemiologic study of Kodak workers have been used by two groups of investigators to test the predictions from the EPA risk assessment models. These two groups used very different approaches to this problem, which resulted in opposite conclusions regarding the consistency between the animal model predictions and the Kodak study results. The results from the Kodak study are used to test the predictions from OSHA's multistage models of liver and lung cancer risk. Confidence intervals for the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) from the Kodak study are compared with the predicted confidence intervals derived from OSHA's risk assessment models. Adjustments for the "healthy worker effect," differences in length of follow-up, and dosimetry between animals and humans were incorporated into these comparisons. Based on these comparisons, we conclude that the negative results from the Kodak study are not inconsistent with the predictions from OSHA's risk assessment model. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Stayner, L T AU - Bailer, A J AD - Risk Assessment Program, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 667 EP - 673 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Mice KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Male KW - Female KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Methylene Chloride -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Liver Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76222688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Comparing+toxicologic+and+epidemiologic+studies%3A+methylene+chloride--a+case+study.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L+T%3BBailer%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=667&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antiviral activity of gilvocarcin V plus UVA radiation. AN - 76217988; 8310002 AB - Gilvocarcin V (GV), a coumarin, is a nucleic acid photosensitizer that is phototoxic to bacteria and mammalian cells at picomolar levels in the presence of near-UV radiation (UVA). We evaluated the effectiveness of GV plus UVA for inactivation of several viruses, including herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV) and the bacterial viruses phi X174, T7, PRD1 and phi 6. Some inactivation of the bacterial viruses was observed with UVA radiation alone (4-50% survival at 26 kJ/m2). Additional photosensitized inactivation was observed only with T7 and phi 6 at 2.0 microM GV. On the other hand, HSV was photoinactivated with concentrations of GV three orders of magnitude lower (1.0 nM). Similar to the case with UV (254 nm) inactivation, the GV-UVA survival curve for HSV indicated multicomponent inactivation kinetics, which could not be explained by photobleaching of GV. The wide range of photosensitivities of these viruses to GV cannot be adequately explained by models based only on viral nucleic acid content or presence of lipid envelopes. JF - Photochemistry and photobiology AU - Lytle, C D AU - Wagner, S J AU - Prodouz, K N AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 818 EP - 821 VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - Aminoglycosides KW - 0 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - Coumarins KW - Glycosides KW - Intercalating Agents KW - Photosensitizing Agents KW - gilvocarcin V KW - 77879-90-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Simplexvirus -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Bacteriophages -- radiation effects KW - Simplexvirus -- radiation effects KW - Bacteriophages -- drug effects KW - Intercalating Agents -- pharmacology KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Viruses -- radiation effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Viruses -- drug effects KW - Photosensitizing Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76217988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.atitle=Antiviral+activity+of+gilvocarcin+V+plus+UVA+radiation.&rft.au=Lytle%2C+C+D%3BWagner%2C+S+J%3BProdouz%2C+K+N&rft.aulast=Lytle&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=818&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-16 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment for aflatoxin: an evaluation based on the multistage model. AN - 76217070; 8310162 AB - Lifetime cancer potency of aflatoxin was assessed based on the Yeh et al. study from China in which both aflatoxin exposure and hepatitis B prevalence were measured. This study provides the best available information for estimating the carcinogenic risk posed by aflatoxin to the U.S. population. Cancer potency of aflatoxin was estimated using a biologically motivated risk assessment model. The best estimate of aflatoxin potency was 9 (mg/kg/day)-1 for individuals negative for hepatitis B and 230 (mg/kg/day)-1 for individuals positive for hepatitis B. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Bowers, J AU - Brown, B AU - Springer, J AU - Tollefson, L AU - Lorentzen, R AU - Henry, S AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, D.C. 20204. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 637 EP - 642 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hepatitis B -- complications KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Risk KW - Liver Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Models, Biological KW - Aflatoxins -- adverse effects KW - Aflatoxins -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76217070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+for+aflatoxin%3A+an+evaluation+based+on+the+multistage+model.&rft.au=Bowers%2C+J%3BBrown%2C+B%3BSpringer%2C+J%3BTollefson%2C+L%3BLorentzen%2C+R%3BHenry%2C+S&rft.aulast=Bowers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation and control of worker exposure to fungi in a beet sugar refinery. AN - 76207685; 8304278 AB - A study of worker exposure to airborne fungi was undertaken in a sugar beet refinery to evaluate the level of exposure and to determine if controls could be implemented that would lower these exposures. A previous study at this refinery identified one worker who reacted on challenge testing to the moldy but not the fresh sugar beet pulp, had specific Immunoglobulin G to Aspergillus niger, and specific Immunoglobulin E to Aspergillus. Also, two employees were diagnosed with occupational asthma. In the study reported here, two field surveys were conducted, the first during the sugar production campaign (January) and the second during postproduction cleanup and maintenance (June). Approximately 65 personal and area air samples were collected on polycarbonate filters and the culturable fungal spores were identified and enumerated. This study showed high exposure of pellet loaders and pellet silo workers to various species of Aspergillus. Other fungal species that might pose a health hazard were detected. Exposures to fungi during the postproduction cleanup and maintenance phase were much higher than those measured during the production campaign. Engineering controls that would reduce employee exposure are discussed. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Jensen, P A AU - Todd, W F AU - Hart, M E AU - Mickelsen, R L AU - O'Brien, D M AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 742 EP - 748 VL - 54 IS - 12 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Design KW - Aspergillus -- isolation & purification KW - Penicillium -- isolation & purification KW - Humans KW - Cladosporium -- isolation & purification KW - Vegetables -- microbiology KW - Spores, Fungal -- isolation & purification KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Food-Processing Industry KW - Air Microbiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76207685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Evaluation+and+control+of+worker+exposure+to+fungi+in+a+beet+sugar+refinery.&rft.au=Jensen%2C+P+A%3BTodd%2C+W+F%3BHart%2C+M+E%3BMickelsen%2C+R+L%3BO%27Brien%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=742&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-07 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of caloric restriction in animals on cellular function, oncogene expression, and DNA methylation in vitro. AN - 76206334; 7507563 AB - While the life-extending and disease-modulating effects of caloric restriction (CR) are well documented in whole animal studies and in correlative experiments using cells taken from CR animals, very few studies have used cells in culture after their removal from the CR-fed animal. In using this in vivo-->in vitro approach we have attempted to examine the proposition that the effects of CR can be transferred to individual cells by analyzing the cellular functions of proliferation and transformation, the activation of oncogenes, and the methylation of DNA as a function only of diet. Pancreatic acinar cells excised from CR-fed Brown-Norway rats and placed in rich medium showed different responses compared to cells from ad libitum (AL)-fed controls. CR had the effect of slowing growth rate and protecting against spontaneous and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced transformation over 14 passages of cells in culture. At the molecular level, cells from the CR animals showed reduced c-Ha-ras oncogene expression and mutation as well as reduced mutation of the p53 suppressor gene. CR also increased genomic methylation of ras DNA. We conclude that the effects of CR treatment of the animal are transferred to individual cells and note that these responses (decreased proliferation and transformation; depressed oncogene expression and mutation and decreased suppressor gene mutation; and increased oncogene methylation) are cellular and molecular analogs of in vivo weight loss, life extension, and carcinogenesis modulation, which are hallmarks of CR in the whole animal. The fact that these responses are seen generations after the cells are removed from the CR-treated animal indicates that CR causes a permanent predisposition of pancreatic acinar cells to these modulated responses and shows the value of the in vivo-->in vitro protocol in studies that relate diet to cellular and molecular function. JF - Mutation research AU - Hass, B S AU - Hart, R W AU - Lu, M H AU - Lyn-Cook, B D AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 281 EP - 289 VL - 295 IS - 4-6 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Gene Expression KW - Methylation KW - Oncogenes KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Energy Intake UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76206334?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+caloric+restriction+in+animals+on+cellular+function%2C+oncogene+expression%2C+and+DNA+methylation+in+vitro.&rft.au=Hass%2C+B+S%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BLu%2C+M+H%3BLyn-Cook%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Hass&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=295&rft.issue=4-6&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-03 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of caloric restriction on the metabolic activation of xenobiotics. AN - 76204988; 7507559 AB - The effect of caloric restriction (CR) on xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities results in alterations in the metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens, with a resultant impact on DNA-carcinogen adduct formation and DNA repair. Using aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and benzo[a]pyrene (BP) as model carcinogens, we studied the effect of CR on the metabolic activation of these carcinogens and carcinogen-induced DNA damage and repair in terms of AFB1-DNA and BP-DNA adduct formation and removal. Male Fischer 344 rats fed calorie restricted diets (60% of the food consumption for ad libitum-fed rats) showed a reduction in the metabolic activation of AFB1 and decrease in both the in vitro and in vivo AFB1-DNA adduct formation. However, CR increased the activity of BP metabolizing enzymes resulting in an enhancement of BP-DNA adduct formation. Our results indicate that the effect of CR on metabolic activation of xenobiotics is dependent upon the selected xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes whose activities may be significantly altered by CR, and upon the nature of the chemical carcinogens which exert different structure-activity relationships during the process of chemically induced carcinogenesis. JF - Mutation research AU - Chou, M W AU - Kong, J AU - Chung, K T AU - Hart, R W AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 223 EP - 235 VL - 295 IS - 4-6 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Xenobiotics KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Biotransformation KW - Male KW - Xenobiotics -- pharmacokinetics KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Energy Intake KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76204988?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+caloric+restriction+on+the+metabolic+activation+of+xenobiotics.&rft.au=Chou%2C+M+W%3BKong%2C+J%3BChung%2C+K+T%3BHart%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=295&rft.issue=4-6&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-03 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of caloric restriction on rodent drug and carcinogen metabolizing enzymes: implications for mutagenesis and cancer. AN - 76204970; 7507558 AB - Caloric restriction in rodents results in increased longevity and a decreased rate of spontaneous and chemically induced neoplasia. The low rates of spontaneous neoplasia and other pathologies have made calorically restricted rodents attractive for use in chronic bioassays. However, caloric restriction also alters hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme (DME) expression and so may also alter the biotransformation rates of test chemicals. These alterations in DME expression may be divided into two types: (1) those that are the direct result of caloric restriction itself and are detectable from shortly after the restriction is initiated; (2) those which are the result of pathological conditions that are delayed by caloric restriction. These latter alterations do not usually become apparent until late in the life of the organism. In rats, the largest direct effect of caloric restriction on liver DMEs is an apparent de-differentiation of sex-specific enzyme expression. This includes a 40-70% decrease in cytochrome P450 2C11 (CYP2C11) expression in males and a 20-30% reduction of corticosterone sulfotransferase activity in females. Changes in DME activities that occur late in life in calorically restricted rats include a stimulation of CYP2E1-dependent 4-nitrophenol hydroxylase activity and a delay in the disappearance of male-specific enzyme activities in senescent males. It is probable that altered DME expression is associated with altered metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens. For example the relative expression of hepatic CYP2C11 in ad libitum-fed or calorically restricted rats of different ages is closely correlated with the amount of genetic damage in 2-acetylaminofluorene- or aflatoxin B1-pretreated hepatocytes isolated from rats of the same age and caloric intake. This suggests that altered hepatic drug and carcinogen metabolism in calorically restricted rats can influence the carcinogenicity of test chemicals. JF - Mutation research AU - Manjgaladze, M AU - Chen, S AU - Frame, L T AU - Seng, J E AU - Duffy, P H AU - Feuers, R J AU - Hart, R W AU - Leakey, J E AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 201 EP - 222 VL - 295 IS - 4-6 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- enzymology KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Energy Intake KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76204970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+caloric+restriction+on+rodent+drug+and+carcinogen+metabolizing+enzymes%3A+implications+for+mutagenesis+and+cancer.&rft.au=Manjgaladze%2C+M%3BChen%2C+S%3BFrame%2C+L+T%3BSeng%2C+J+E%3BDuffy%2C+P+H%3BFeuers%2C+R+J%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BLeakey%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Manjgaladze&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=295&rft.issue=4-6&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-03 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foetal development in rats fed AIN-76A diets supplemented with excess calcium. AN - 76153105; 8282279 AB - This study was designed to evaluate the developmental effects of moderate dietary calcium increases in rats fed nutritionally adequate diets. Female Charles River CD/VAF Plus rats were given 0.50 (control), 0.75, 1.00 or 1.25% dietary calcium as calcium carbonate in AIN-76A diets for 6 wk before mating, during mating and for 20 days of gestation. On gestation day 20, the animals were killed and caesarean sections were performed. Both the non-pregnant and pregnant rats in the 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25% groups ate slightly more than did the control group during most of the intervals measured, but not all the increases were statistically significant. There was no consistent pattern of increase or decrease in weight gain. No dose-related changes were found in maternal clinical findings, the average number of implantations, resorptions and viable foetuses, or foetal length or weight. Under the conditions of the study, there were no statistically significant increases as compared with the control group in the litter incidence regarding specific external, visceral or skeletal variations of the foetuses. Dietary calcium was neither foetotoxic nor teratogenic at the concentrations used. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Shackelford, M E AU - Collins, T F AU - Welsh, J J AU - Black, T N AU - Ames, M J AU - Chi, R K AU - O'Donnell, M W AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 953 EP - 961 VL - 31 IS - 12 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Calcium, Dietary KW - 0 KW - Calcium Carbonate KW - H0G9379FGK KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Sternum -- embryology KW - Random Allocation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Sternum -- drug effects KW - Fetal Resorption -- chemically induced KW - Viscera -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Viscera -- embryology KW - Bone and Bones -- drug effects KW - Cesarean Section KW - Female KW - Male KW - Bone and Bones -- embryology KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Calcium Carbonate -- toxicity KW - Calcium, Dietary -- toxicity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76153105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Foetal+development+in+rats+fed+AIN-76A+diets+supplemented+with+excess+calcium.&rft.au=Shackelford%2C+M+E%3BCollins%2C+T+F%3BWelsh%2C+J+J%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BAmes%2C+M+J%3BChi%2C+R+K%3BO%27Donnell%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Shackelford&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=953&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-16 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunogenicity of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Alaska Native chronic alcoholics compared with nonalcoholic Native and non-Native controls. AN - 76111773; 8259775 AB - This study was designed to evaluate the immunogenicity of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Alaska Native chronic alcoholics and compare these responses with those in age- and sex-matched nonalcoholic, Native and non-Native control subjects. Native alcoholic patients were recruited from the inpatient medical service and outpatient clinics. Healthy age- and sex-matched Alaska Native and non-Native nonalcoholics were recruited from hospital employees. At the initial visit, a standardized questionnaire, the Alcohol Dependency Scale, was administered to all participants. Participants were examined for liver diseases; blood was drawn for liver function tests and prevaccination pneumococcal antibody levels. Charts of all Native participants were reviewed for alcohol-related diseases. Participants received one dose of the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine at the time of the initial visit and returned 20 to 55 days after immunization for liver function tests and pneumococcal antibody level measurement. Serotype-specific pneumococcal antibody levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the proportion of persons whose serotype-specific antibody level doubled following vaccination. A model including adjustments for age, sex, and initial antibody level was used to examine the effect of alcohol status and ethnicity on response to the vaccine. Eighty-five persons completed the study. Of these, 41 were chronic alcoholics and 44 were nonalcoholic. Of these, 21 were Alaska Natives and 23 were non-Natives. Before vaccination, the geometric mean titers (GMTs) were similar in all 3 groups but were slightly higher in Native alcoholic participants for 11 of 12 serotypes tested. For 11 or more serotypes tested, 46% of alcoholics and 27% of nonalcoholics had total antibody levels at or above 500 nanograms of antibody nitrogen per milliliter (p = 0.11). After vaccination, the GMTs were higher in nonalcoholic than in alcoholic participants for serotypes 3, 7F, and 19F (p < 0.05). When Natives and non-Natives were compared, non-Natives had higher antibody levels than Native participants for 10 of 12 serotypes. After vaccination, 83% of alcoholics and 91% of nonalcoholics had pneumococcal antibody levels of more than 500 nanograms of antibody nitrogen per milliliter for at least 11 serotypes. When responses consisting of a twofold or greater increase in antibody level were compared, a greater proportion of nonalcoholics than alcoholics responded to serotypes 3, 4, 7F, 8, and 19F. This difference was significant for types 3 and 19F only (p < 0.05). In alcoholics there was a direct correlation between pneumococcal antibody level and age both before and after vaccination. This was significant before vaccination for serotypes 4, 6B, 18C, and 23F, and after vaccination for these types and for types 1 and 19F. In nonalcoholics there was a correlation between age and antibody response, following vaccination, for serotype 9N and 18C. Alcoholic males had antibody levels higher than that in females for most serotypes, but significantly so only for serotype 12F before vaccination, and for type 14 after vaccination. There were no sex differences seen among nonalcoholics, and no differences in response to vaccine could be detected in patients with or without liver dysfunction. In this study of Alaska Natives with chronic alcoholism, Native and non-Native participants responded adequately to immunization with the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine, although significant differences in some serotypes were evident. JF - The American journal of medicine AU - McMahon, B J AU - Parkinson, A J AU - Bulkow, L AU - Davidson, M AU - Wainwright, K AU - Wolfe, P AU - Schiffman, G S AD - Alaska Area Native Health Service, Indian Health Service, U.S. Public Health Service, Anchorage. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 589 EP - 594 VL - 95 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9343, 0002-9343 KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Vaccines KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- blood KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Alaska KW - Liver Function Tests KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - Male KW - Female KW - Inuits KW - Bacterial Vaccines -- immunology KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae -- immunology KW - Alcoholism -- ethnology KW - Alcoholism -- physiopathology KW - Alcoholism -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76111773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Immunogenicity+of+the+23-valent+pneumococcal+polysaccharide+vaccine+in+Alaska+Native+chronic+alcoholics+compared+with+nonalcoholic+Native+and+non-Native+controls.&rft.au=McMahon%2C+B+J%3BParkinson%2C+A+J%3BBulkow%2C+L%3BDavidson%2C+M%3BWainwright%2C+K%3BWolfe%2C+P%3BSchiffman%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=McMahon&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=00029343&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Creating a 21st Century Head Start. Final Report of the Advisory Committee on Head Start Quality and Expansion. AN - 62810600; ED367492 AB - The Advisory Committee on Head Start Quality and Expansion was created by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in June 1993 to review the Head Start program and make recommendations for improvement and expansion. The report recommends that HHS: (1) develop new initiatives to utilize qualified "mentor teachers" to provide supervision and support to classroom staff, establish competency-based training for staff who work directly with families, and increase staffing levels and staff compensation; (2) review and expand current resources used for family services, parent education, and family literacy; and (3) encourage community and school partnerships to ensure continuity of services, facilitate state and local collaboration, and link Head Start with other national initiatives. Overall, HHS should continue to show leadership in looking across programs to ensure that policies consistently promote quality services for young children and their families. Biographical sketches of the committee's 47 members are included. (MDM) Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 94 KW - Department of Health and Human Services KW - Project Head Start KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Parent Education KW - Compensation (Remuneration) KW - School Community Relationship KW - Young Children KW - Government Role KW - Teacher Education KW - Mentors KW - Partnerships in Education KW - Program Improvement KW - Preschool Education KW - Family Programs KW - Federal Programs KW - Biographical Inventories UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62810600?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Elementary Youth. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs Resource Guide. AN - 62710478; ED376425 AB - This curriculum is designed to address several facets of intervention involving children of alcoholics and other students at high-risk. While the guide was intended to be used in rural school districts, the basic information may be helpful for all communities. The curriculum includes eight sessions devised to identify, teach, and intervene with youngsters at-risk. Sessions contain handouts, overheads, and activities. The guide was written for teachers, parents, and prevention specialists to help them inculcate children with healthy, positive messages. It lists resources such as comic books, posters, t-shirts and other materials intended to capture the attention and enthusiasm of elementary youth. Also included is a list of groups, organizations, and programs for elementary youth. (RJM) Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - December 1993 SP - 29 KW - Al Anon KW - Department of Health and Human Services KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Elementary Education KW - At Risk Persons KW - Elementary School Students KW - Substance Abuse KW - Child Health KW - Mental Health KW - Health Education KW - Children KW - Child Welfare KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Education KW - Youth Problems KW - Resources KW - Elementary Education KW - At Risk Persons KW - Elementary School Students KW - Substance Abuse KW - Child Health KW - Mental Health KW - Health Education KW - Children KW - Child Welfare KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Education KW - Youth Problems KW - Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62710478?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of human lung tissue for studies of structural changes associated with chronic ozone exposure: opportunities and critical issues. AN - 36364164; 201002-31-0247208 (CE); 11701547 (EN) AB - Definitive information on the chronic effects of exposure to ozone (O3) in humans is not available. There is a strong concern that ozone could produce chronic lung damage in humans on the basis that exposures are ubiquitous at levels that produce transient symptoms, function deficits, and lung inflammation in humans and chronic lung damage in laboratory animals. Both prospective and national population surveys suggest an association between chronic O3 exposure and reduced lung function, and a pilot investigation of autopsied lungs of accident victims in Los Angeles reported an unexpectedly high incidence of disease in the centriacinar region, the lung region known to receive the highest dose of inhaled O3. This paper discusses the advantages and limitations of further studies of structural changes in human lung tissue in relation to chronic O3 exposure. The major advantages of such studies are that a) measurable effects may be related to realistic chronic exposures, b) the effects may be described quantitatively and compared directly to those obtained in chronic animal inhalation exposures, and c) evidence for chronic effects may be obtained much more rapidly than in prospective studies. The major limitations are the difficulties in obtaining sufficient reliable information on residential history, physical activity out-of-doors, and smoking and other confounding exposures to lung irritants from next of kin, and limited availability of adequate air quality data for determining ambient concentrations at places of residence and/or outdoor exercise. The paper also discusses approaches to minimizing these limitations in the design of specific studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lippmann, M AD - Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, Tuxedo 10987. PY - 1993 SP - 209 EP - 212 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Lungs KW - Human KW - Ozone KW - Damage KW - Autopsies KW - Disease control KW - Laboratory animals KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36364164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Use+of+human+lung+tissue+for+studies+of+structural+changes+associated+with+chronic+ozone+exposure%3A+opportunities+and+critical+issues.&rft.au=Lippmann%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lippmann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological approaches to complex mixtures. AN - 36362247; 201002-31-0247210 (CE); 11701549 (EN) AB - This paper reviews the role of toxicological studies in understanding the health effects of environmental exposures to mixtures. The approach taken is to review mixtures that have received the greatest emphasis from toxicology; major mixtures research programs; the toxicologist's view of mixtures and approaches to their study; and the complementary roles of toxicological, clinical, and epidemiological studies. Studies of tobacco smoke, engine exhaust, combustion products, and air pollutants comprise most of the past research on mixtures. Because of their great experimental control over subjects, exposures, and endpoints, toxicologists tend to consider a wider range of toxic interactions among mixture components and sequential exposures than is practical for human studies. The three fundamental experimental approaches used by toxicologists are integrative (studying the mixture as a whole), dissective (dissecting a mixture to determine causative constituents), and synthetic (studying interactions between agents in simple combinations). Toxicology provides information on potential hazards, mechanisms by which mixture constituents interact to cause effects, and exposure dose-effect relationships; but extrapolation from laboratory data to quantitative human health risks is problematic. Toxicological, clinical, and epidemiological approaches are complementary but are seldom coordinated. Fostering synergistic interactions among the disciplines in studying the risks from mixtures could be advantageous. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mauderly, J L AD - Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87185. PY - 1993 SP - 155 EP - 165 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Exposure KW - Toxicology KW - Health KW - Human KW - Epidemiology KW - Risk KW - Constituents KW - Extrapolation KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36362247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Toxicological+approaches+to+complex+mixtures.&rft.au=Mauderly%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Mauderly&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of cell proliferation data in modeling of skin carcinogenesis. AN - 36359335; 201002-31-0247217 (CE); 11701556 (EN) AB - A simple model for papilloma formation is used to analyze data from a mouse skin-painting experiment performed with NMRI mice. The results suggest that one of two conclusions may be drawn: Either the model fails to properly describe the growth behavior of papilloma cells or the model suggests that papilloma cells do not have growth advantage over normal cells, even during promotion. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Kopp-Schneider, A AD - Department of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg. PY - 1993 SP - 103 EP - 105 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Carcinogens KW - Mice KW - Health KW - Promotion KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36359335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+use+of+cell+proliferation+data+in+modeling+of+skin+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Kopp-Schneider%2C+A&rft.aulast=Kopp-Schneider&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Principles of study design in environmental epidemiology. AN - 36358730; 201002-31-0247202 (CE); 11701541 (EN) AB - This paper discusses the principles of study design and related methodologic issues in environmental epidemiology. Emphasis is given to studies aimed at evaluating causal hypotheses regarding exposures to suspected health hazards. Following background sections on the quantitative objectives and methods of population-based research, we present the major types of observational designs used in environmental epidemiology: first, the three basic designs involving the individual as the unit of analysis (i.e., cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies) and a brief discussion of genetic studies for assessing gene-environment interactions; second, various ecologic designs involving the group or region as the unit of analysis. Ecologic designs are given special emphasis in this paper because of our lack of resources or inability to accurately measure environmental exposures in large numbers of individuals. The paper concludes with a section highlighting current design issues in environmental epidemiology and several recommendations for future work. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Morgenstern, H AU - Thomas, D AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of California, School of Public Health, Los Angeles 90024-1772. PY - 1993 SP - 23 EP - 38 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Design engineering KW - Epidemiology KW - Ecological monitoring KW - Exposure KW - Cross sections KW - Genetics KW - Health hazards KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36358730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Principles+of+study+design+in+environmental+epidemiology.&rft.au=Morgenstern%2C+H%3BThomas%2C+D&rft.aulast=Morgenstern&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summary of papers and research recommendations of Working Group on Tropospheric Ozone, Health Effects Institute environmental epidemiology planning project. AN - 36354796; 201002-31-0247203 (CE); 11701542 (EN) AB - This paper summarizes the themes and recommendations that emerge from the papers presented by the Working Group on Tropospheric Ozone. In terms of current knowledge, the following are considered of particular importance: a) lack of clear evidence for a human analogue of the terminal bronchiolar and proximal acinar changes observed in the lungs of ozone-exposed animals; b) lack of evidence for a connection between the acute respiratory effects of O3 and possible chronic respiratory effects; c) need to better define the characteristics of O3-susceptible individuals; d) the lack of adequate exposure assessment tools for reconstruction of lifetime O3 exposure; and e) incomplete information on the role of other ambient environmental pollutants in the facilitation of O3 effects or as a cause of effects attributed to O3 in human populations. Based on the above, several recommendations for epidemiologic research on health effects of O3 are offered. a) Studies to investigate the existence of chronic health effects of O3 are essential, particularly those that include autopsied human lung tissue and biologic and physiologic response markers. b) Studies are needed to link acute responses with chronic effects and should include joint epidemiologic and controlled-exposure assessments. c) Studies are needed to identify susceptible subgroups. Such studies should include newly emerging biologic markers of O3 exposure. d) Accurate and precise tools for chronic O3 exposure assessment need to be developed for use in retrospective and prospective studies. e) Collaborative studies between epidemiologists and laboratory investigators are needed to develop and evaluate markers of O3 exposure and to test O3 exposure models. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tager, I B AD - Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. PY - 1993 SP - 237 EP - 239 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Epidemiology KW - Health KW - Assessments KW - Markers KW - Human KW - Biological effects KW - Ozone KW - Lungs KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36354796?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Summary+of+papers+and+research+recommendations+of+Working+Group+on+Tropospheric+Ozone%2C+Health+Effects+Institute+environmental+epidemiology+planning+project.&rft.au=Tager%2C+I+B&rft.aulast=Tager&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of health effects in epidemiologic studies of air pollution. AN - 36351280; 201002-31-0247204 (CE); 11701543 (EN) AB - As we increasingly recognize the complexity of the pollutants in indoor and outdoor microenvironments, a broad array of inhaled mixtures has assumed scientific, public health, and regulatory importance. Few adverse effects of environmental pollutants are specific, that is, uniquely associated with a single agent; the adverse effects that might be considered in an investigation of the consequences of exposure to an inhaled complex mixture are generally nonspecific. In the context of this paper, we will refer to binary mixtures as complex, though we realize that a more precise definition of complexity would restrict the term to mixtures of three or more constituents. Their causes potentially include not only pollutant exposures through the medium of inhaled air but other environmental agents, such as infectious organisms and radiation, and inherent characteristics of the exposed persons, such as atopy. We review the outcome measures that have been used in epidemiologic studies of the health effects of single pollutants and complex mixtures. Some of these outcome measures have been carefully standardized, whereas others need similar standardization and modification to improve sensitivity and specificity for investigating the health effects of air pollution. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Samet, J M AU - Speizer, F E AD - Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131. PY - 1993 SP - 149 EP - 154 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Pollutants KW - Health KW - Air pollution KW - Epidemiology KW - Complexity KW - Public health KW - Arrays KW - Outdoor KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36351280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+health+effects+in+epidemiologic+studies+of+air+pollution.&rft.au=Samet%2C+J+M%3BSpeizer%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Samet&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gap junctional intercellular communication and cell proliferation during rat liver carcinogenesis. AN - 36349151; 201002-31-0247214 (CE); 11701553 (EN) AB - During multistage liver carcinogenesis, there is a sequential decrease in gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), associated with reduced expression of a major liver gap-junction protein (connexin 32). There are also several lines of evidence indicating that the induction of cell proliferation plays an important role during liver carcinogenesis. The relationship between GJIC and cell proliferation and their roles in liver carcinogenesis are not yet known. Results from various experiments suggest that there is a close relationship between the inhibition of GJIC and stimulation of liver cell proliferation. However, our results also suggest that different stimuli may affect cell proliferation and GJIC differentially by different mechanisms. Images FIGURE 2. A FIGURE 2. B FIGURE 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Yamasaki, H AU - Krutovskikh, V AU - Mesnil, M AU - Columbano, A AU - Tsuda, H AU - Ito, N AD - International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. PY - 1993 SP - 191 EP - 197 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Liver KW - Carcinogens KW - Images KW - Stimulation KW - Stimuli KW - Multistage KW - Proteins KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36349151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Gap+junctional+intercellular+communication+and+cell+proliferation+during+rat+liver+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Yamasaki%2C+H%3BKrutovskikh%2C+V%3BMesnil%2C+M%3BColumbano%2C+A%3BTsuda%2C+H%3BIto%2C+N&rft.aulast=Yamasaki&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proliferating cell nuclear antigen: a marker for hepatocellular proliferation in rodents. AN - 36345793; 201002-31-0247211 (CE); 11701550 (EN) AB - Two different markers for quantitating cell proliferation were evaluated in livers of control and chemically treated mice and rats. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), an endogenous cell replication marker, and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), an exogenously administered DNA precursor label, were detected in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using immunohistochemical techniques. The percentage of cells in S phase (labeling indexes, LI) evaluated as PCNA- or BrdU-positive hepatocellular nuclei was compared in recut tissue sections from animals given BrdU by a single IP injection 2 hr before killing the animals. Ten-week-old male B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats were exposed to known mitogenic hepatocarcinogens, Wy-14,643 (WY) in the diet at 0.1% for 2 days or 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB) in corn oil by gavage for 2 days (600 mg/kg/day in mice; 300 mg/kg/day in rats). In mice, PCNA and BrdU hepatocyte LI were similar in control, WY-treated, and DCB-treated animals. In rats, PCNA and BrdU gave similar LI in controls and Wy-treated animals. Although PCNA LI was statistically lower than BrdU LI in DCB-treated rats, both PCNA and BrdU LI for DCB-treated rats was increased over LI in control rats. Different patterns of PCNA immunohistochemical staining, interpreted to represent different subpopulations of cells at various phases of the cell cycle, were quantitated using PCNA immunohistochemistry. The proliferating index (PI), defined as the percentage of cells in the cell cycle (G1 + S + G2 + M), was more sensitive than the LI (S phase only) in detecting a chemically induced cell proliferative response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images FIGURE 1. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Eldrige, S R AU - Butterworth, B E AU - Goldsworthy, T L AD - Pathology Associates, Inc., Durham, NC 27713. PY - 1993 SP - 211 EP - 218 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Rats KW - Mice KW - Animals KW - Markers KW - Antigens KW - Images KW - IP (Internet Protocol) KW - Corn oil KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36345793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Proliferating+cell+nuclear+antigen%3A+a+marker+for+hepatocellular+proliferation+in+rodents.&rft.au=Eldrige%2C+S+R%3BButterworth%2C+B+E%3BGoldsworthy%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Eldrige&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proliferative responses of the skin to external stimuli. AN - 36345633; 201002-31-0247216 (CE); 11701555 (EN) AB - The skin, in particular the epidermis, offers unique opportunities to investigate the induction and control of cellular proliferation and tissue homeostasis both under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Moreover, it represents one of the most feasible model systems for experimental cancer research. As the primary border of the body, the skin has important protective and defensive functions. A general response to external injury consists of a thickening of the epithelial layer (epidermal hyperplasia) combined with an inflammatory reaction. This hyperplastic transformation of the skin is a critical condition of skin tumor development (i.e., conversion and promotion) and of the wound response. It is believed to be due to a transformation of keratinocytes into an activated state characterized by an increased rate of proliferation and the ability to release a series of growth factors and other cytokines that coordinate the defense reaction (e.g., hyperproliferation, recruitment of leukocytes, activation of the immune system) along auto- and paracrine feedback loops. The initial and probably later phases of this response depend critically on a local release of eicosanoids such as prostaglandins and lipoxygenase-generated factors. A unique reaction seen upon phorbol ester treatment of mouse skin is a strong induction of the enzyme 8-lipoxygenase, which might be involved in skin tumor development by catalyzing the generation of clastogenic metabolites thought to play a role in the conversion stage. Hyperplasia may be considered to be the result of an imbalance between the rates of cell gain and cell loss.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Marks, F AU - Furstenberger, G AD - Research Program in Tumor Cell Regulation, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg. PY - 1993 SP - 95 EP - 101 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mathematical models KW - Transformations KW - Conversion KW - Tumors KW - Activated KW - Metabolites KW - Epidermis KW - Protective KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36345633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Proliferative+responses+of+the+skin+to+external+stimuli.&rft.au=Marks%2C+F%3BFurstenberger%2C+G&rft.aulast=Marks&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects of gasoline exposure. II. Mortality patterns of distribution workers in the United States. AN - 36345473; 201002-31-0247227 (CE); 11701568 (EN) AB - In this study, the cohort consisted of 18,135 distribution employees with potential exposure to gasoline for at least one year at land-based terminals (n = 9,026) or on marine vessels (n = 9,109) between 1946 and 1985. The primary objective of the study was to determine the relationship, if any, between exposure to gasoline and mortality from kidney cancer or leukemia. In addition, other causes of death of secondary interest included multiple myeloma and heart diseases. The mortality of the cohort was observed through June 30, 1989. The results of this study indicated that there was no increased mortality from either kidney cancer or leukemia among marketing and marine distribution employees who were exposed to gasoline in the petroleum industry when compared to the general population. Among the land-based terminal employees, the kidney cancer standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 65.4 (12 deaths) and leukemia SMR was 89.1 (27 deaths). For the marine cohort, the SMRs were 83.7 for kidney cancer (12 deaths) and 70.0 for leukemia (16 deaths), respectively. More importantly, based on internal comparisons, there was no association between mortality from kidney cancer or leukemia and various indices of gasoline exposure. In particular, neither duration of employment, duration of exposure, age at first exposure, year of first of exposure, job category, cumulative exposure, frequency of peak exposures, nor average intensity of exposure had any effect on kidney cancer or leukemia mortality. For acute myeloid leukemia, a nonsignificant mortality increase was found in land-based terminal employees (SMR = 150.5, 13 deaths), but no trend was detected when the data were analyzed by various gasoline exposure indices. This nonsignificant excess was limited to land-based terminal employees hired before 1948. On the other hand, a deficit of mortality from acute myeloid leukemia was observed among marine employees (SMR = 74.2, 5 deaths). For the two cohorts combined, SMR for acute myeloid leukemia was 117.1 based on 18 deaths. We did not find any relationship in our study between gasoline exposure and mortality from multiple myeloma or heart diseases. In general, we did not find any significantly increased mortality, either overall or from specific causes, associated with gasoline exposure in this study of marketing and marine distribution employees. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Wong, O AU - Harris, F AU - Smith, T J AD - Applied Health Sciences, San Mateo, CA 94401. PY - 1993 SP - 63 EP - 76 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mortality KW - Leukemias KW - Gasoline KW - Death KW - Kidneys KW - Cancer KW - Marine KW - Terminals KW - Article KW - EE 40:Water Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36345473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Health+effects+of+gasoline+exposure.+II.+Mortality+patterns+of+distribution+workers+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Wong%2C+O%3BHarris%2C+F%3BSmith%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiologic studies of electric and magnetic fields and cancer: strategies for extending knowledge. AN - 36343849; 201002-31-0247207 (CE); 11701546 (EN) AB - Epidemiologic research concerning electric and magnetic fields in relation to cancer has focused on the potential etiologic roles of residential exposure on childhood cancer and occupational exposure on adult leukemia and brain cancer. Future residential studies must concentrate on exposure assessment that is enhanced by developing models of historical exposure, assessment of the relation between magnetic fields and wire codes, and consideration of alternate exposure indices. Study design issues deserving attention include possible biases in random digit dialing control selection, consideration of the temporal course of exposure and disease, and acquisition of the necessary information to assess the potential value of ecologic studies. Highest priorities are comprehensive evaluation of exposure patterns and sources and examination of the sociology and geography of residential wire codes. Future occupational studies should also concentrate on improved exposure assessment with increased attention to nonutility worker populations and development of historical exposure indicators that are superior to job titles alone. Potential carcinogens in the workplace that could act as confounders need to be more carefully examined. The temporal relation between exposure and disease and possible effect modification by other workplace agents should be incorporated into future studies. The most pressing need is for measurement of exposure patterns in a variety of worker populations and performance of traditional epidemiologic evaluations of cancer occurrence. The principal source of bias toward the null is nondifferential misclassification of exposure with improvements expected to enhance any true etiologic association that is present. Biases away from the null might include biased control selection in residential studies and chemical carcinogens acting as confounders in occupational studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Savitz, D A AD - Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7400. PY - 1993 SP - 83 EP - 91 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Residential KW - Assessments KW - Epidemiology KW - Magnetic fields KW - Occupational KW - Carcinogens KW - Populations KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36343849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Epidemiologic+studies+of+electric+and+magnetic+fields+and+cancer%3A+strategies+for+extending+knowledge.&rft.au=Savitz%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Savitz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of chloroform and bromodichloromethane on DNA synthesis in male F344 rat kidney. AN - 36341121; 201002-31-0247212 (CE); 11701551 (EN) AB - We have been investigating the actions of chloroform (CHCl3) and bromodichloromethane (BDCM) in rat kidney after different routes of exposure. Male F344 rats were exposed by gavage with corn oil or water as the diluting vehicle. All experiments lasted 30 days with gavage exposures 5 days per week for 4 weeks (20 doses). All animals were injected IP with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) 3 times over a 6-day period at 50 mg/kg/injection. Kidney tissue was fixed and slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for routine viewing and by the PAP (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) technique using anti-BrdU to label cells in DNA synthesis. There were no significant changes in gross parameters evaluated between the control rats and the rats exposed to CHCl3 or BDCM. Rats exposed via corn oil gavage to CHCl3 displayed a segment-specific epithelial cell necrosis (6/6 high dose, 2/6 low dose). The lesions were primarily localized to the second segment of the proximal tubule, although some spread to cells in the first segment was occasionally observed. No histologic lesions were observed in the kidneys of rats exposed to BDCM. Preliminary results indicate a significant increase in DNA synthesis in the CHCl3-treated rats and a slight increase in DNA synthesis in BDCM-treated rats with corn oil as the diluent. The increase in BrdU labeling was primarily in cells of the S2 segment of the proximal tubule and interstitial cells of CHCl3-exposed animals and in cells of the S3 segment of BDCM-exposed animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lipsky, M M AU - Skinner, M AU - O'Connell, C AD - Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201. PY - 1993 SP - 249 EP - 252 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Rats KW - Kidneys KW - Synthesis KW - Segments KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Exposure KW - Corn oil KW - Males KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36341121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Effects+of+chloroform+and+bromodichloromethane+on+DNA+synthesis+in+male+F344+rat+kidney.&rft.au=Lipsky%2C+M+M%3BSkinner%2C+M%3BO%27Connell%2C+C&rft.aulast=Lipsky&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of ploidy and cell proliferation in the rodent liver. AN - 36339765; 201002-31-0247223 (CE); 11701562 (EN) AB - In most investigations of cell proliferation in vivo, the population under study consists of mononuclear diploid cells that undergo replication via normal complete division cycles. Because the phenomena associated with the cell cycle are sequential, only one is normally measured and it is usually adequate to quantify the proliferative activity in one of two ways. The first involves labeling the cells undergoing semi-conservative DNA synthesis with a radioactive DNA precursor, preparing autoradiographs of histological sections, and counting labeled nuclei. The other commonly studied parameter of cell proliferation is mitotic activity. The livers of rats and mice, unlike those of other mammals, consist mainly of hepatocytes that contain two classes of cell with respect to nuclei and several ploidy classes. These classes of hepatocytes arise as the result of modified cell division cycles. The peculiar cytological composition of the rodent liver has, until recently, caused difficulties in the measurement and interpretation of cell ploidy and cell proliferation by the above methods. Flow cytometry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting used in conjunction with quantitative fluorescent stains for DNA and fluorescently labeled antibodies to bromodeoxyuridine have permitted the rapid and precise quantification of cell proliferative activity in the rodent liver. Studies using these techniques have revealed that proliferative activity of hepatocytes may occur in different subpopulations of cells depending on the kind of toxicological injury inflicted on the animal. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Styles, J A AD - Imperial Chemical Industries, Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, U.K. PY - 1993 SP - 67 EP - 71 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Liver KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Rodents KW - Flow cytometry KW - Mice KW - Cell division KW - Sorting KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36339765?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+ploidy+and+cell+proliferation+in+the+rodent+liver.&rft.au=Styles%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Styles&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A retrospective mortality study among Canadian petroleum marketing and distribution workers. AN - 36338690; 201002-31-0247225 (CE); 11701564 (EN) AB - We conducted a retrospective mortality study among 6672 petroleum marketing and distribution workers from 226 locations throughout Canada. These employees worked for at least 1 year in the marketing distribution segment from 1964 through 1983 or were annuitants as of 1964. Industrial hygienists assigned hydrocarbon (HC) exposure frequency scores for several jobs, departments, and job functions. We computed standardized mortality ratios for the total cohort, HC exposure frequency groups, and tank truck drivers, and we also used Poisson regression techniques to model mortality for selected causes of death according to HC exposure frequency. Results indicate overall mortality below that of the general Canadian population for all marketing distribution workers [Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 0.88]. Mortality from aortic aneurysms was significantly elevated in all marketing/distribution workers (SMR = 1.79) but was due to raised mortality in nonexposed workers (SMR = 2.80). Tank truck drivers showed significantly elevated mortality due to leukemia (SMR = 3.35) based on five deaths. The leukemia findings were not evident in the larger group of marketing distribution workers classified as exposed to hydrocarbons (SMR = 1.01). No other cause of death was elevated in truck drivers. The leukemia findings are suggestive of a possible influence due to exposure to HCs in tank truck drivers, although other explanations cannot be ruled out. Other findings of elevated mortality in the marketing distribution group are generally not statistically significant. These included moderately increased mortality due to multiple myeloma, malignant melanoma, and kidney cancer. Small numbers of observed and expected deaths limit concise interpretations for these diseases. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schnatter, A R AU - Katz, A M AU - Nicolich, M J AU - Theriault, G AD - Exxon Biomedical Sciences, Inc., East Millstone, NJ 08875-2350. PY - 1993 SP - 85 EP - 99 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mortality KW - Marketing KW - Drivers KW - Elevated KW - Death KW - Leukemias KW - Tank trucks KW - Crude oil KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36338690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+retrospective+mortality+study+among+Canadian+petroleum+marketing+and+distribution+workers.&rft.au=Schnatter%2C+A+R%3BKatz%2C+A+M%3BNicolich%2C+M+J%3BTheriault%2C+G&rft.aulast=Schnatter&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retrospective study of possible alpha-2 mu-globulin nephropathy and associated cell proliferation in male Fischer 344 rats dosed with t-butyl alcohol. AN - 36337374; 201002-31-0247222 (CE); 11701561 (EN) AB - Tert-butyl alcohol, an important commodity chemical, additive to unleaded gasoline, and contaminant of drinking water, was evaluated for toxicity and was found to enhance nephropathy in male Fischer 344 rats. Because male rats treated with t-butyl alcohol for 2 years had a low incidence of renal cortical tumors, additional renal sections for the 90-day toxicity study were examined for the presence of hyaline droplet accumulation, nephropathy, and evidence of replicative DNA synthesis (S-phase nuclei) to indirectly and retrospectively investigate a possible role of alpha-2 mu-globulin in the pathogenesis of the nephropathy. Dose levels for t-butyl alcohol were 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4% (w/v) administered in drinking water. Significant body weight gain depressions were observed in all treated males, and there was an absolute weight loss in the 4% male group, none of which survived to the end of the study. Except for the 4% dose group, there was a treatment-related increase in hyaline droplet accumulation in the renal proximal tubules with crystalline, rectangular, and rhomboid forms of the protein evident. The severity of nephropathy was enhanced in treated rats, except for the 4% dose group. Replicative DNA synthesis, as measured by immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, was increased in proximal tubules of rats dosed with 2% t-butyl alcohol. It is concluded that t-butyl alcohol exacerbated nephropathy in male Fischer 344 rats and increased renal accumulation of hyaline protein material consistent with alpha-2 mu-globulin deposition. Images FIGURE 2. FIGURE 3. FIGURE 4. FIGURE 5. FIGURE 7. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Takahashi, K AU - Lindamood, C AU - Maronpot, R R AD - Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Tokyo, Japan. PY - 1993 SP - 281 EP - 285 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Alcohols KW - Droplets KW - Males KW - Rats KW - Toxicity KW - Drinking water KW - Images KW - Synthesis KW - Article KW - EE 50:Water & Wastewater Treatment (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36337374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Retrospective+study+of+possible+alpha-2+mu-globulin+nephropathy+and+associated+cell+proliferation+in+male+Fischer+344+rats+dosed+with+t-butyl+alcohol.&rft.au=Takahashi%2C+K%3BLindamood%2C+C%3BMaronpot%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Takahashi&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonmutagenic carcinogens induce intrachromosomal recombination in dividing yeast cells. AN - 36332541; 201002-31-0247220 (CE); 11701559 (EN) AB - A large number of animal and human carcinogens without apparent genotoxic activity exist (nonmutagenic carcinogens) that are difficult or impossible to detect with the currently used short-term tests. Because of the association of carcinogenesis with genome rearrangement, a system selecting for intrachromosomal recombination (DEL recombination) that results in genome rearrangement has been constructed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Because DEL recombination is under different genetic control than interchromosomal recombination and meiotic recombination, it is probably due to a different mechanism. It has been found that DEL recombination is readily inducible by 10 mutagenic carcinogens and 17 nonmutagenic carcinogens that are not detectable (false negatives) with the Ames assay. In addition, three out of four mutagens that do not cause cancer (false positives in the Ames assay) do not induce DEL recombination. DEL recombination is inducible by UV only in dividing cells but not in cells synchronized in the G1 or G2 phase of the cell cycle. Interchromosomal recombination, on the other hand, is inducible in G1 but not in G2. The nonmutagenic carcinogens induce DEL recombination only in actively growing cells, which may give some indication as to their mechanism. Further characterization of the mechanism involved in induction of DEL recombination may contribute to the understanding of the biological activity of nonmutagenic carcinogens. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Schiestl, R H AD - Department of Molecular and Cellular Toxicology, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115. PY - 1993 SP - 179 EP - 184 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Carcinogens KW - Genomes KW - Yeast KW - Assaying KW - Genetics KW - Human KW - Indication KW - Mutagens KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36332541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Nonmutagenic+carcinogens+induce+intrachromosomal+recombination+in+dividing+yeast+cells.&rft.au=Schiestl%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Schiestl&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=179&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurobehavioral effects of power-frequency electromagnetic fields. AN - 36331961; 201002-31-0247206 (CE); 11701545 (EN) AB - Some laboratory experiments have suggested that power-frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF) may be capable of influencing calcium efflux from cell membranes, pineal function, and circadian rhythms. As yet, however, no consistent, replicable laboratory model has been developed for any of these effects. Most assessments of human volunteers exposed to EMF have been negative, but occasional effects on vigilance or alertness and some modest effects on circadian rhythmicity have been reported. Several carefully performed studies of workers occupationally exposed to high electric-field strengths have failed to find effects on behavior or cognitive functioning. Although the bulk of human research on the effects of EMF on cognitive performance is negative, there has been less assessment of behavior and psychiatric symptomatology. Because some studies, in both humans and animals, have described effects of EMF on circadian rhythms, future research might concentrate profitably on the assessment of EMF in relation to depression and other cyclically mediated psychiatric disorders. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Paneth, N AD - Program in Epidemiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824. PY - 1993 SP - 101 EP - 106 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - EMF KW - Assessments KW - Human KW - Mathematical models KW - Circadian rhythms KW - Exposure KW - Alertness KW - Magnetic fields KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36331961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Neurobehavioral+effects+of+power-frequency+electromagnetic+fields.&rft.au=Paneth%2C+N&rft.aulast=Paneth&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methodologic frontiers in environmental epidemiology. AN - 36329730; 201002-31-0247205 (CE); 11701544 (EN) AB - Environmental epidemiology comprises the epidemiologic study of those environmental factors that are outside the immediate control of the individual. Exposures of interest to environmental epidemiologists include air pollution, water pollution, occupational exposure to physical and chemical agents, as well as psychosocial elements of environmental concern. The main methodologic problem in environmental epidemiology is exposure assessment, a problem that extends through all of epidemiologic research but looms as a towering obstacle in environmental epidemiology. One of the most promising developments in improving exposure assessment in environmental epidemiology is to find exposure biomarkers, which could serve as built-in dosimeters that reflect the biologic footprint left behind by environmental exposures. Beyond exposure assessment, epidemiologists studying environmental exposures face the difficulty of studying small effects that may be distorted by confounding that eludes easy control. This challenge may prompt reliance on new study designs, such as two-stage designs in which exposure and disease information are collected in the first stage, and covariate information is collected on a subset of subjects in state two. While the analytic methods already available for environmental epidemiology are powerful, analytic methods for ecologic studies need further development. This workshop outlines the range of methodologic issues that environmental epidemiologists must address so that their work meets the goals set by scientists and society at large. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rothman, K J AD - School of Public Health, Boston University, MA 02215. PY - 1993 SP - 19 EP - 21 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Epidemiology KW - Exposure KW - Assessments KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Distortion KW - Ecological monitoring KW - Footprints KW - Air pollution KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36329730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Methodologic+frontiers+in+environmental+epidemiology.&rft.au=Rothman%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Rothman&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell cycle controls: potential targets for chemical carcinogens? AN - 36325722; 201002-31-0247219 (CE); 11701558 (EN) AB - The progression of the cell cycle is controlled by the action of both positive and negative growth regulators. The key players in this activity include a family of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, which are themselves regulated by other kinases and phosphatases. Maintenance of balanced cell cycle controls may be directly linked to genomic stability. Loss of the check-points involved in cell cycle control may result in unrepaired DNA damage during DNA synthesis or mitosis leading to genetic mutations and contributing to carcinogenesis. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Afshari, C A AU - Barrett, J C AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. PY - 1993 SP - 9 EP - 14 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Kinases KW - Control equipment KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Carcinogens KW - Genetics KW - Balancing KW - Progressions KW - Mutations KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36325722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cell+cycle+controls%3A+potential+targets+for+chemical+carcinogens%3F&rft.au=Afshari%2C+C+A%3BBarrett%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Afshari&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methodologic research needs in environmental epidemiology: data analysis. AN - 36324610; 201002-31-0247209 (CE); 11701548 (EN) AB - A brief review is given of data analysis methods for the identification and quantification of associations between environmental exposures and health events of interest. Data analysis methods are outlined for each of the study designs mentioned, with an emphasis on topics in need of further research. Particularly noted are the need for improved methods for accommodating exposure assessment measurement errors in analytic epidemiologic studies and for improved methods for the conduct and analysis of aggregate data (ecologic) studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Prentice, R L AU - Thomas, D AD - Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104. PY - 1993 SP - 39 EP - 48 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Data processing KW - Epidemiology KW - Health KW - Exposure KW - Ecological monitoring KW - Mathematical analysis KW - Assessments KW - Error analysis KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36324610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Methodologic+research+needs+in+environmental+epidemiology%3A+data+analysis.&rft.au=Prentice%2C+R+L%3BThomas%2C+D&rft.aulast=Prentice&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell proliferation: concluding remarks AN - 36324430; 201002-31-0247218 (CE); 11701557 (EN) AB - Abstract not available. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Weinstein, I Bernard PY - 1993 SP - 159 EP - 161 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36324430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cell+proliferation%3A+concluding+remarks&rft.au=Weinstein%2C+I+Bernard&rft.aulast=Weinstein&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell proliferation and chemical carcinogenesis: symposium overview. AN - 36320916; 201002-31-0247213 (CE); 11701552 (EN) AB - Cancer, by definition, is a proliferative disease. The fundamental scientific issue explored at the international symposium "Cell Proliferation and Chemical Carcinogenesis" was the impact of chemically enhanced cell proliferation on the dynamic carcinogenic processes. This conference, held at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences January 14-16, 1992, provided an open forum for the exchange of new results, information, and ideas in four areas: a) general principles of cell division and carcinogenesis, b) critical evaluation of cell proliferation methodologies, c) cell proliferation and modeling of organ-specific carcinogenesis, and d) cell proliferation and human carcinogenesis. This overview summarizes key findings from that symposium. The general view expressed was that although cell proliferation is involved inextricably in the development of cancers, chemically enhanced cell division does not reliably predict carcinogenicity. Our knowledge of the multistep nature of carcinogenesis has advanced substantially during recent years; however, much still needs to be learned. A greater understanding of the cellular and molecular events in chemical carcinogenesis should improve all aspects of the overall risk assessment process, including extrapolations based on dose, species, and interindividual differences. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Melnick, R L AU - Huff, J AU - Barrett, J C AU - Maronpot, R R AU - Lucier, G AU - Portier, C J AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. PY - 1993 SP - 3 EP - 7 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Carcinogens KW - Mathematical models KW - Cell division KW - Cancer KW - Health KW - Extrapolation KW - Conferences KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36320916?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cell+proliferation+and+chemical+carcinogenesis%3A+symposium+overview.&rft.au=Melnick%2C+R+L%3BHuff%2C+J%3BBarrett%2C+J+C%3BMaronpot%2C+R+R%3BLucier%2C+G%3BPortier%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Melnick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cell proliferation and forestomach carcinogenesis. AN - 36320322; 201002-31-0247221 (CE); 11701560 (EN) AB - To analyze the role of cell proliferation in phenolic compound-induced rat forestomach carcinogenesis, early forestomach histopathological changes as well as oncogene expression and reversibility of early forestomach lesions were examined in F344 male rats. For the analysis of early lesions, five animals each were treated with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), caffeic acid, sesamol, or 4-methoxyphenol in the diet, each at a dose of 2%, and killed for histopathological examination after 12 hr, 1, 3, or 7 days. For oncogene analysis, three animals each were treated with BHA for 15, 30 min, 1, 3, 6, or 24 hr and then sacrificed. In the reversibility study, groups of animals were treated with BHA, caffeic acid, sesamol or 4-methoxyphenol for 24 weeks, and basal diet alone was supplied for a further 24-week period. Animals were killed at 24 and 48 weeks and forestomach epithelium was examined histopathologically. DNA synthesis increased within 12 hr to 3 days after commencement of chemical treatment in all cases. Toxicity and cell proliferation became evident subsequent to increase in DNA synthesis in each case. Elevated expression of c-fos and c-myc oncogenes was demonstrated 15 min after beginning treatment with BHA. In the reversibility study, although most of the proliferative lesions induced by these antioxidants regressed after cessation of chemical treatment, some dysplastic lesions were still observed at week 48. The results indicate that these phenolic compounds act primarily as mitogens in rat forestomach epithelium, with regeneration due to toxicity further enhancing cell proliferation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ito, N AU - Hirose, M AU - Takahashi, S AD - First Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Japan. PY - 1993 SP - 107 EP - 110 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - BHA KW - Lesions KW - Animals KW - Toxicity KW - Diets KW - Epithelium KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Synthesis KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36320322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Cell+proliferation+and+forestomach+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Ito%2C+N%3BHirose%2C+M%3BTakahashi%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ito&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concepts, labeling procedures, and design of cell proliferation studies relating to carcinogenesis. AN - 36318541; 201002-31-0247215 (CE); 11701554 (EN) AB - Chemicals may induce cell proliferation directly as mitogens or indirectly via cell death with subsequent proliferation to replace lost cells. Chemically induced proliferation has been demonstrated to play a role in the carcinogenic process. A wide range of procedures and techniques are currently being used to define the quantitative relationship between the extent and duration of chemically induced cell proliferation and carcinogenic potential in different species and target organs. However, a limited database and nonstandard protocols and procedures for measuring cell proliferation have made it difficult to compare results between laboratories. Comparison of frequencies of S phase between control and treated animals is the most commonly used end point in cell proliferation studies and may be regarded as an indirect indication of a proliferative response. This response can be ascertained as labeling indexes (LI; percentage of cells in S phase) after the administration of the DNA precursor labels (tritiated thymidine; 3H-TdR; bromodeoxyuridine, BrdU) or through immunostaining of the endogenous cell replication marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Both approaches are applicable to tissue sections. An important issue in the design of experimental studies for measuring LI is determining how and when to investigate proliferative responses in relation to the chemical treatment regimen. Variables to consider when designing cell proliferation studies include the animal's age, chemical dose and method of treatment, choice and dose of label, time and length that the label is administered, and methods of quantitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Goldsworthy, T L AU - Butterworth, B E AU - Maronpot, R R AD - Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. PY - 1993 SP - 59 EP - 65 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Labels KW - Carcinogens KW - Databases KW - Marking KW - Markers KW - Antigens KW - Replication KW - Precursors KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36318541?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Concepts%2C+labeling+procedures%2C+and+design+of+cell+proliferation+studies+relating+to+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Goldsworthy%2C+T+L%3BButterworth%2C+B+E%3BMaronpot%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Goldsworthy&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Basic problems in interaction assessment. AN - 36318431; 201002-31-0247201 (CE); 11701540 (EN) AB - This paper reviews problems with the definition and estimation of interactions in epidemiologic studies. Methods for modeling interactions and dose-response also are reviewed, and references to more detailed literature are provided. Concepts are illustrated in the context of evaluating the joint effects of household radon exposure and environmental tobacco smoke. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Greenland, S AD - Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health 90024-1772. PY - 1993 SP - 59 EP - 66 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Radon KW - Mathematical models KW - Smoke KW - Assessments KW - Tobacco KW - Health KW - Households KW - Epidemiology KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36318431?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Basic+problems+in+interaction+assessment.&rft.au=Greenland%2C+S&rft.aulast=Greenland&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benzene toxicity and risk assessment, 1972-1992: implications for future regulation. AN - 36317175; 201002-31-0247226 (CE); 11701567 (EN) AB - Acute and chronic exposure to benzene vapors poses a number of health hazards to humans. To evaluate the probability that a specific degree of exposure will produce an adverse effect, risk assessment methods must be used. This paper reviews much of the published information and evaluates the various risk assessments for benzene that have been conducted over the past 20 years. There is sufficient evidence that chronic exposure to relatively high concentrations of benzene can produce an increased incidence of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Some studies have indicated that benzene may cause other leukemias, but due to the inconsistency of results, the evidence is not conclusive. To predict the leukemogenic risk for humans exposed to much lower doses of benzene than those observed in most epidemiology studies, a model must be used. Although several models could yield plausible results, to date most risk assessments have used the linear-quadratic or conditional logistic models. These appear to be the most appropriate ones for providing the cancer risk for airborne concentrations of 1 ppb to 10 ppm, the range most often observed in the community and workplace. Of the seven major epidemiology studies that have been conducted, there is a consensus that the Pliofilm cohort (rubber workers) is the best one for estimating the cancer potency because it is the only one with good exposure and incidence of disease data. The current EPA, OSHA, and ACGIH cancer potency estimates for benzene are based largely on this cohort. A retrospective exposure assessment and an analysis of the incidence of disease in these workers were completed in 1991. All of these issues are discussed and the implications evaluated in this paper. The range of benzene exposures to which Americans are commonly exposed and the current regulatory criteria are also presented. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Paustenbach, D J AU - Bass, R D AU - Price, P AD - McLauren/Hart Environmental Engineering, ChemRisk Division, Alameda, CA 94062. PY - 1993 SP - 177 EP - 200 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Benzene KW - Mathematical models KW - Risk assessment KW - Cancer KW - Incidence KW - Risk KW - Epidemiology KW - Leukemias KW - Article KW - EE 20:Air Pollution: Monitoring, Control & Remediation (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36317175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Benzene+toxicity+and+risk+assessment%2C+1972-1992%3A+implications+for+future+regulation.&rft.au=Paustenbach%2C+D+J%3BBass%2C+R+D%3BPrice%2C+P&rft.aulast=Paustenbach&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatic nuclear ploidy distribution of dietary-restricted mice. AN - 21253215; 11701563 AB - Hepatic parenchymal cells in most adult mammals are polyploid, with most of the cells in the quiescent or low-proliferation state. Polyploidization has been related to carcinogenesis and aging, and both end points are significantly affected by dietary restriction (DR). Direct measures of hepatic nuclear polyploidization in DR B6C3F1 mice have not been examined. We examined the effect of DR on distributions of nuclear ploidy in both sexes and on different age groups of B6C3F1 mice. Differences between young and old male mice and between old male and female mice were also compared. Hepatic nuclear ploidy values were measured by flow cytometry. The DNA histograms were analyzed for the percentage of nuclei having different classes of DNA content by gating channels between the areas under the peaks of diploid, tetraploid, and octaploid. The results indicate that 1 or 26 months of DR started at 4 months of age did not alter hepatic nuclear ploidy distributions in young and old mice. Our data suggest that in the male mouse, polyploidization is established by 5 months of age for hepatic nuclei and that ploidy classes are affected by sex at 30 months of age. For females, effects in the octaploid nuclei are seen as a result of DR. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lu, M H AU - Hinson, W G AU - He, D AU - Turturro, A AU - Hart, R W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1993/12// PY - 1993 DA - Dec 1993 SP - 229 EP - 233 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 101 IS - Suppl 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environment Abstracts KW - Channels KW - Diets KW - mammals KW - age groups KW - Age KW - Carcinogenesis KW - DNA KW - Mice KW - aging KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21253215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvabstractsmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Hepatic+nuclear+ploidy+distribution+of+dietary-restricted+mice.&rft.au=Lu%2C+M+H%3BHinson%2C+W+G%3BHe%2C+D%3BTurturro%2C+A%3BHart%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=Suppl+5&rft.spage=229&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mammals; Diets; Channels; age groups; Age; Carcinogenesis; DNA; Mice; aging ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure-response analysis of cancer mortality in a cohort of workers exposed to ethylene oxide. AN - 76066994; 8237967 AB - The authors previously reported results from the largest cohort mortality study of ethylene oxide-exposed workers that has been conducted to date. Here they extend their previous work by quantitatively examining the relation between cancer mortality and ethylene oxide exposure. This study included workers from 13 of the 14 geographically distinct facilities that were included in the previous investigation. These facilities began regularly using ethylene oxide to sterilize medical supplies or spices sometime between 1938 and 1969. Workers were followed from first exposure through December 31, 1987. Historical exposures to ethylene oxide were estimated using a regression model. Standard life-table analysis was used to examine cancer mortality in three categories of cumulative exposure to ethylene oxide. The Cox proportional hazards model was also used to examine cumulative and other measures of ethylene oxide exposure as predictors of cancer mortality. In both the life-table analysis and the Cox model, a positive trend was observed in all lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer mortality for cumulative ethylene oxide exposure. This trend was strengthened when ethylene oxide exposures 10 years prior to death were discounted (lagged) and when the analysis was restricted to neoplasms of lymphoid cell origin. Despite limitations discussed in this paper, the authors believe that these findings provide some support for the hypothesis that exposure to ethylene oxide increases the risk of mortality from lymphatic and hematopoietic neoplasms. The authors intend to continue follow-up of this relatively young cohort, which may allow more definitive conclusions to be drawn in the future. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Stayner, L AU - Steenland, K AU - Greife, A AU - Hornung, R AU - Hayes, R B AU - Nowlin, S AU - Morawetz, J AU - Ringenburg, V AU - Elliot, L AU - Halperin, W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1993/11/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 15 SP - 787 EP - 798 VL - 138 IS - 10 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Ethylene Oxide KW - JJH7GNN18P KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Life Tables KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Retrospective Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Lymphoma -- mortality KW - Leukemia -- chemically induced KW - Leukemia -- mortality KW - Ethylene Oxide -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lymphoma -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76066994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Exposure-response+analysis+of+cancer+mortality+in+a+cohort+of+workers+exposed+to+ethylene+oxide.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BGreife%2C+A%3BHornung%2C+R%3BHayes%2C+R+B%3BNowlin%2C+S%3BMorawetz%2C+J%3BRingenburg%2C+V%3BElliot%2C+L%3BHalperin%2C+W&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-11-15&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=787&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Actual causes of death in the United States. AN - 76009260; 8411605 AB - To identify and quantify the major external (nongenetic) factors that contribute to death in the United States. Articles published between 1977 and 1993 were identified through MEDLINE searches, reference citations, and expert consultation. Government reports and complications of vital statistics and surveillance data were also obtained. Sources selected were those that were often cited and those that indicated a quantitative assessment of the relative contributions of various factors to mortality and morbidity. Data used were those for which specific methodological assumptions were stated. A table quantifying the contributions of leading factors was constructed using actual counts, generally accepted estimates, and calculated estimates that were developed by summing various individual estimates and correcting to avoid double counting. For the factors of greatest complexity and uncertainty (diet and activity patterns and toxic agents), a conservative approach was taken by choosing the lower boundaries of the various estimates. The most prominent contributors to mortality in the United States in 1990 were tobacco (an estimated 400,000 deaths), diet and activity patterns (300,000), alcohol (100,000), microbial agents (90,000), toxic agents (60,000), firearms (35,000), sexual behavior (30,000), motor vehicles (25,000), and illicit use of drugs (20,000). Socioeconomic status and access to medical care are also important contributors, but difficult to quantify independent of the other factors cited. Because the studies reviewed used different approaches to derive estimates, the stated numbers should be viewed as first approximations. Approximately half of all deaths that occurred in 1990 could be attributed to the factors identified. Although no attempt was made to further quantify the impact of these factors on morbidity and quality of life, the public health burden they impose is considerable and offers guidance for shaping health policy priorities. JF - JAMA AU - McGinnis, J M AU - Foege, W H AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201. Y1 - 1993/11/10/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Nov 10 SP - 2207 EP - 2212 VL - 270 IS - 18 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Alcohol Drinking -- mortality KW - Accidents, Traffic -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Physical Fitness KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- mortality KW - Diet -- mortality KW - Smoking -- mortality KW - Data Collection KW - Firearms -- statistics & numerical data KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Communicable Diseases -- mortality KW - Sexual Behavior -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mortality KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76009260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Actual+causes+of+death+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=McGinnis%2C+J+M%3BFoege%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=McGinnis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-11-10&rft.volume=270&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=2207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 1994 Mar 2;271(9):660; author reply 660-1 [8141906] JAMA. 1994 Mar 2;271(9):660; author reply 660-1 [8309022] JAMA. 1994 Mar 2;271(9):660; author reply 660-1 [8309023] JAMA. 1994 Mar 2;271(9):659; author reply 660-1 [8309020] JAMA. 1994 Mar 2;271(9):659-60; author reply 660-1 [8309021] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MASTER PLAN, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH MAIN CAMPUS, BETHESDA, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND. AN - 36397822; 4370 AB - PURPOSE: The development of a master plan for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus in Bethesda, Montgomery County, Maryland, is proposed. The NIH campus is located approximately three miles north of Washington, District of Columbia , and directly north of Bethesda's central business district. The NIH conducts biomedical research on behalf of the federal government. The proposed action would include the construction of a 3.0-million-gross-square-feet (3.0-million-gsf) clinical center; the renovation or replacement of existing laboratories so that 3.6 million gsf of modern laboratory facilities would be available; the construction of 583,000 gsf of administrative office space in the Natcher Building, Phase II; the expansion and renovation of the central power plant, and its boilers and chillers; the replacement and upgrade of medical and pathological waste incinerators; the complete upgrading and modernization of support facilities and infrastructure; the replacement of laboratory animal housing and care facilities with ones that meet accreditation and program requirements over the next 20 years; the consolidation of surface parking into parking structures and underground parking; the physical reorganization of the campus to improve administrative and operational functions, raise the aesthetic level or ambiance, protect older campus buildings that are potentially historic structures, and encourage all travel modes other than the automobile; and the maintenance and enhancement of a natural area or zone around the periphery of the campus to buffer residential neighborhoods surrounding the campus from NIH facilities and activities. The Master Plan Alternative and a No Action Alternative are considered in this draft EIS. Under the No Action Alternative, no significant expansion of personnel and facilities beyond those currently on the campus would take place. New facilities and personnel would be limited to NIH committed projects previously approved by agencies. The NIH would renovate, rehabilitate, and replace facilities only to relieve space constraints, modernize facilities, or respond to regulatory changes. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Under the master plan, occupiable building floor area would nearly double from 6.7 million gsf to 11.1 million gsf by 2013. The NIH employee population at the Bethesda campus would increase from the current level of 16,350 to one of 19,670 by 1998 and one of 22,900 by 2013. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Under the master plan, the generation of solid waste would increase from 12,600 to 16,500 tons per year, medical and pathological waste from 2,015 to 3,579 tons per year, and chemical waste from 192 to 405 tons per year. Three archaeologically sensitive areas would be adversely affected. Some 300 trees would be lost. Energy consumption would increase from 455 to 815 million BTUs per year. LEGAL MANDATES: National Capital Planning Act of 1952 (40 U.S.C. 71d(a)). JF - EPA number: 930387, 311 pages, November 2, 1993 PY - 1993 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Archaeological Sites KW - Buildings KW - Central Business Districts KW - Community Development KW - Energy Consumption KW - Historic Sites KW - Noise KW - Parking KW - Power Plants KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources KW - Waste Management KW - Wastes KW - Maryland KW - National Capital Planning Act of 1952, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36397822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-11-02&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MASTER+PLAN%2C+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.title=MASTER+PLAN%2C+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Maryland; HHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 2, 1993 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's role in development and application of biomarkers in public health practice. AN - 76277190; 8191504 AB - An overview of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) biomarker program is presented in the context of the paradigm for biomarkers developed by the National Research Council (NRC, 1987, 1991). The status and projected utility of four biomarker studies conducted by NRC and sponsored by ATSDR, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) are discussed. These studies include a review of relevant research on biomarkers for specific toxicologic end points, including reproductive toxicology, pulmonary toxicology, neurotoxicology, and immunotoxicology. Also, the scope of related research on exposure characterization being conducted by the ATSDR-sponsored research program at Rutgers University is reviewed. The potential impact of biomarkers on public health assessments and on the range of ATSDR programs is described. Specifically, the role of biomarkers in dose reconstruction, in ATSDR's health studies program, and in the emerging field of molecular epidemiology is reviewed. In addition, future directions and research needs are addressed. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Derosa, C T AU - Stevens, Y W AU - Wilson, J D AU - Ademoyero, A A AU - Buchanan, S D AU - Cibulas, W AU - Duerksen-Hughes, P J AU - Mumtaz, M M AU - Neft, R E AU - Pohl, H R AD - Division of Toxicology, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia. PY - 1993 SP - 979 EP - 994 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - United States Public Health Service KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76277190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=The+Agency+for+Toxic+Substances+and+Disease+Registry%27s+role+in+development+and+application+of+biomarkers+in+public+health+practice.&rft.au=Derosa%2C+C+T%3BStevens%2C+Y+W%3BWilson%2C+J+D%3BAdemoyero%2C+A+A%3BBuchanan%2C+S+D%3BCibulas%2C+W%3BDuerksen-Hughes%2C+P+J%3BMumtaz%2C+M+M%3BNeft%2C+R+E%3BPohl%2C+H+R&rft.aulast=Derosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=979&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-06-20 N1 - Date created - 1994-06-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Noninfectious environmental agents associated with myopathies. AN - 76245291; 8117532 AB - Increasing attention is being focused on environmental agents as possible factors in the etiology of certain connective tissue disorders. As our awareness in this area increases, the number and diversity of these agents is expanding yearly and now includes, in addition to infectious agents, a variety of foods and dietary supplements, drugs, occupational and other toxic exposures, biologics, and medical devices. Some of these agents have been associated with the development of muscle disease through mechanisms that involve alterations in the vascular supply to muscle, depletion of electrolytes, direct toxic effects on mitochondria or other metabolic processes, or activation of the immune system. Individual host susceptibility factors, including preexisting organ dysfunction and particular metabolizer or immunogenetic phenotypes, also appear to be important for development of the clinical syndromes identified as environmentally associated myopathies. Although data in this area are limited, they suggest that when susceptible individuals are exposed to selected agents, physiologic alterations occur that lead to myopathy. Physician awareness of chemicals implicated with myopathy and dissection of their pathogenetic mechanisms through human and animal studies may aid in the identification of additional toxic agents, minimize new cases in the future, and lead to a better understanding of the idiopathic myopathies. JF - Current opinion in rheumatology AU - Love, L A AU - Miller, F W AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 712 EP - 718 VL - 5 IS - 6 SN - 1040-8711, 1040-8711 KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - Food -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Food Additives -- adverse effects KW - Prostheses and Implants -- adverse effects KW - Muscular Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76245291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+rheumatology&rft.atitle=Noninfectious+environmental+agents+associated+with+myopathies.&rft.au=Love%2C+L+A%3BMiller%2C+F+W&rft.aulast=Love&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=712&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+rheumatology&rft.issn=10408711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postmarketing surveillance: curriculum for the clinical pharmacologist. Part II: Clinical and regulatory considerations. AN - 76214345; 8300884 AB - This is the second of a two-part series that develops a curriculum on postmarketing surveillance. With the ongoing emphasis on drug safety and possible earlier marketing of drugs, this becomes an essential element of clinical pharmacology training. The usual educational focus on drug safety is a pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic perspective on a specific drug or drug class, perhaps in the context of clinical trial study design and analysis. This curriculum complements this approach and provides an overview of drug safety surveillance from regulatory and epidemiologic perspectives. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Johnson, J M AU - Tanner, L A AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 1015 EP - 1022 VL - 33 IS - 11 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Time Factors KW - Pharmacology, Clinical -- education KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Curriculum KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76214345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Postmarketing+surveillance%3A+curriculum+for+the+clinical+pharmacologist.+Part+II%3A+Clinical+and+regulatory+considerations.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+J+M%3BTanner%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1015&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Traumatic fatalities at work. American Indians and Alaska natives, 1980 through 1988. AN - 76170859; 8295036 AB - To define the rates and characteristics of fatal occupational injuries among American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) in the United States, we examined death certificates included in the National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities data base for deaths occurring from 1980 to 1988. Two hundred and seventy-four work-related deaths among AI/AN civilians (259 men, 15 women) were identified. In 1980, the fatality rate among employed AI/AN was 5.5/100,000 workers compared with 7.7/100,000 workers for the United States. Ninety percent of the AI/AN deaths were from unintentional injury, 6% from homicide, and 3% from suicide. The pattern of fatal occupational injuries among AI/AN differs from that for all races combined, especially with regard to the larger percent of AI/AN fatalities in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing industry and the high proportion of water transportation incidents. JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Sugarman, J R AU - Stout, N AU - Layne, L A AD - Portland Area Indian Health Service, Division of Research, Evaluation, and Epidemiology, Seattle, WA 98121. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 1117 EP - 1122 VL - 35 IS - 11 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Death Certificates KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Inuits -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Indians, North American -- statistics & numerical data KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76170859?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Traumatic+fatalities+at+work.+American+Indians+and+Alaska+natives%2C+1980+through+1988.&rft.au=Sugarman%2C+J+R%3BStout%2C+N%3BLayne%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Sugarman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-02 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of benzene in foods by using headspace concentration techniques and capillary gas chromatography. AN - 76166972; 8286958 AB - Recently, the combination of sodium or potassium benzoate with ascorbic acid was shown to produce low levels (ng/g) of benzene in fruit-flavored soft drinks. The presence of benzene also was reported in butter, eggs, meat, and certain fruits; levels of these findings ranged from 0.5 ng/g in butter to 500-1900 ng/g in eggs. Because benzoates are widely used as food preservatives, a limited survey of other foods containing added benzoate salts was conducted to investigate the potential for benzene formation. Selected foods that did not contain added benzoates but were previously reported to contain benzene were analyzed for comparison. More than 50 foods were analyzed by purge-and-trap or static headspace concentration and capillary gas chromatography. Benzene was quantitated by using the method of standard additions, and its identity was confirmed by mass selective detection. Results of this limited survey show that foods without added benzoates (including eggs) contained benzene at levels equal to or less than 2 ng/g. Slightly higher levels were present in some foods and beverages containing both ascorbic acid and sodium benzoate. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - McNeal, T P AU - Nyman, P J AU - Diachenko, G W AU - Hollifield, H C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Food and Chemical Technology, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 1213 EP - 1219 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Benzene -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76166972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Survey+of+benzene+in+foods+by+using+headspace+concentration+techniques+and+capillary+gas+chromatography.&rft.au=McNeal%2C+T+P%3BNyman%2C+P+J%3BDiachenko%2C+G+W%3BHollifield%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=McNeal&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide residues in composited milk collected through the U.S. Pasteurized Milk Network. AN - 76166906; 8286959 AB - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has implemented a comprehensive monitoring program to determine the incidence and levels of organohalogen pesticide residues in milk representing most of the U.S. supply consumed in metropolitan areas. Residue findings for 806 composite milks collected through the Pasteurized Milk Program by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1990-1991 are reported. Milk was collected on a monthly basis from 63 stations selected by EPA for radionuclide monitoring. These stations provide an estimated 80% of the milk delivered to U.S. population centers. At each station, milk from selected sources had been composited to represent the milk routinely consumed in its metropolitan area. Portions of these composites were forwarded to an FDA contract laboratory for pesticide residue analysis. Pesticide residues were found in 398 (49.4%) of 806 test samples, on the basis of a 0.0005 ppm limit of detection for each residue on a whole-product basis. A total of 455 occurrences of pesticide residues were found; p,p'-DDE and dieldrin accounted for 384 (84.4%) of these occurrences. The highest level was 0.019 ppm p,p'-DDE. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Trotter, W J AU - Dickerson, R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Contaminants Chemistry, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 1220 EP - 1225 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene KW - 4M7FS82U08 KW - Dieldrin KW - I0246D2ZS0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene -- analysis KW - Dieldrin -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76166906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Pesticide+residues+in+composited+milk+collected+through+the+U.S.+Pasteurized+Milk+Network.&rft.au=Trotter%2C+W+J%3BDickerson%2C+R&rft.aulast=Trotter&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1220&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-nuclear damage and cell lysis are induced by UVA, but not UVB or UVC, radiation in three strains of L5178Y cells. AN - 76164017; 8284323 AB - The potential to induce non-nuclear changes in mammalian cells has been examined for (1) UVA1 radiation (340-400 nm, UVASUN 2000 lamp), (2) UVA+UVB (peak at 313 nm) radiation (FS20 lamp), and (3) UVC (254 nm) radiation (G15T8 lamp). The effects of irradiation were monitored in vitro using three strains of L5178Y (LY) mouse lymphoma cells that markedly differ in sensitivity to UV radiation. Comparisons were made for the effects of approximately equitoxic fluences that reduced cell survival to 1-15%. Depending on the cell strain, the fluences ranged from 830 to 1600 kJ/m2 for the UVASUN lamp, 75 to 390 J/m2 for the FS20 lamp and 3.8 to 17.2 J/m2 for the G15T8 lamp. At the exposure level used in this study, irradiation with the UVASUN, but not the FS20 or G15T8, lamp induced a variety of non-nuclear changes including damage to cytoplasmic organelles and increased plasma membrane permeability and cell lysis. Cell lysis and membrane permeabilization were induced by the UVA1 emission of the UVASUN lamp, but not by its visible+IR components (> 400 nm). The results show that the plasma membrane and other organelles of LY cells are highly sensitive to UVA1 but not to UVB or UVC radiation. Also UVA1, but not UVB or UVC radiation, causes rapid and extensive lysis of LY cells. In conclusion, non-nuclear damage contributes substantially to UVA cytotoxicity in all three strains of LY cells. JF - Photochemistry and photobiology AU - Beer, J Z AU - Olvey, K M AU - Miller, S A AU - Thomas, D P AU - Godar, D E AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 676 EP - 681 VL - 58 IS - 5 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - Membrane Proteins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Mice KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Membrane Proteins -- radiation effects KW - Cell Survival KW - Leukemia L5178 -- radiotherapy KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Intracellular Membranes -- radiation effects KW - Cell Membrane -- radiation effects KW - Radiation Tolerance KW - Leukemia L5178 -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76164017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.atitle=Non-nuclear+damage+and+cell+lysis+are+induced+by+UVA%2C+but+not+UVB+or+UVC%2C+radiation+in+three+strains+of+L5178Y+cells.&rft.au=Beer%2C+J+Z%3BOlvey%2C+K+M%3BMiller%2C+S+A%3BThomas%2C+D+P%3BGodar%2C+D+E&rft.aulast=Beer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=676&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Confirmation of identities of propylene and ethylene glycols in anchovies by tandem mass spectrometry. AN - 76163588; 8286973 AB - A gas chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric (GC/MS/MS) method has been developed for confirming the identity of propylene and ethylene glycols added to bait fish for preservation. Bait fish are occasionally illegally diverted to human food use. The bait fish were extracted with methanol, the extract was centrifuged and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated 10-fold and then analyzed by GC/MS/MS. The glycols were separated chromatographically without derivatization or preliminary cleanup. Isobutane positive ion chemical ionization was used to generate the protonated molecular ion species of each glycol. Product-ion MS/MS experiments were performed to obtain spectra to confirm the identities of propylene and ethylene glycols. The identities of these 2 compounds in anchovy extracts were successfully confirmed by this approach. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Matusik, J E AU - Eilers, P P AU - Waldron, E M AU - Conrad, S M AU - Sphon, J A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Contaminants Chemistry, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 1344 EP - 1347 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Ethylene Glycols KW - 0 KW - Propylene Glycols KW - Propylene Glycol KW - 6DC9Q167V3 KW - Ethylene Glycol KW - FC72KVT52F KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Propylene Glycols -- analysis KW - Fishes KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Ethylene Glycols -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76163588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Confirmation+of+identities+of+propylene+and+ethylene+glycols+in+anchovies+by+tandem+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Matusik%2C+J+E%3BEilers%2C+P+P%3BWaldron%2C+E+M%3BConrad%2C+S+M%3BSphon%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Matusik&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of formetanate hydrochloride in selected fruits by coupled-column cation exchange liquid chromatography. AN - 76163557; 8286975 AB - A strong cation exchange (SCX) liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for determination of formetanate hydrochloride residue in pome, citrus, and stone fruits. A test portion of fruit, homogenized with the peel left on, was blended with acidified acetonitrile and filtered. A portion of extract was finely filtered, and a 500 microL aliquot (ca 0.2 g test sample equivalent) was loaded onto an SCX solid-phase extraction (SPE) LC column, which replaced the injection loop of the LC injection valve. Cations were selectively enriched; noncations were eluted by acetonitrile in a pre-separation cleanup. Turning the valve to the inject position coupled the SPE column to an SCX analytical column for separation and detection at 250 nm. The mobile phase was 0.4M pH 3.0 ammonium phosphate buffer-water-acetonitrile (50 + 25 + 25). Formetanate cation was quantitated by peak area and regression coefficients from a 5-point linear calibration covering a 100-fold range. Recovery of duplicate fortifications of apple, pear, orange, and peach averaged 89-99% at the respective U.S. tolerances of 3, 3, 4, or 5 ppm and averaged 93-99% at one-tenth of the respective tolerance level. Peel pigments or variable peel bulk of crop varieties tested, as well as other endogenous fruit material, contributed interference that was below the 0.02 ppm limit of detection. In a 1991 limited survey comprising 15 samples, none were found violative. Residues were found in 2 samples, but only 1 measurement was quantifiable, near the 0.06 ppm limit of quantitation. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Niemann, R A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Contaminants Chemistry, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 1362 EP - 1368 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Carbamates KW - 0 KW - formetanate KW - 532HEC1KKM KW - Index Medicus KW - Calibration KW - Carbamates -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Ion Exchange -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Fruit -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76163557?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+formetanate+hydrochloride+in+selected+fruits+by+coupled-column+cation+exchange+liquid+chromatography.&rft.au=Niemann%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Niemann&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of the Bacteriological Analytical Manual culture method for the recovery of Shigella sonnei from selected foods. AN - 76161921; 8286963 AB - The relative retention of the indigenous morphological, biochemical, and serological characteristics by Shigella sonnei was tested under various storage conditions (room temperature, refrigeration, freezing at -20 degrees C and at -70 degrees C, and lyophilization). The use of a selective (desoxycholate citrate) agar rather than a nonselective (brain heart infusion) agar gave a lower conversion rate of smooth to rough colonies, and the percentage of rough colonies derived from cultures stored for prolonged periods increased under all conditions. With respect to biochemical characteristics, there were no major differences in the reactions of smooth vs rough variants. For serological characteristics, smooth variants agglutinated more readily in homologous antisera than did rough variants. S. sonnei populations maintained at -70 degrees C with glycerol remained reasonably stable and were used in recovery studies. Up to six foods (potato salad, chicken salad, cooked salad shrimp, lettuce, raw ground beef, and raw oysters) were inoculated with unstressed, chill-stressed, or freeze-stressed S. sonnei cells. Test portions (25 g) were inoculated with serial 10-fold dilutions of culture and subsequently analyzed by the culture method described in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual. It was found that the method was relatively ineffective for the recovery of S. sonnei from raw ground beef and raw oysters. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - June, G A AU - Sherrod, P S AU - Amaguana, R M AU - Andrews, W H AU - Hammack, T S AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 1240 EP - 1248 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Culture Media -- chemistry KW - Refrigeration KW - Food Microbiology KW - Shigella sonnei -- isolation & purification KW - Freezing KW - Bacteriological Techniques KW - Shigella sonnei -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76161921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+the+Bacteriological+Analytical+Manual+culture+method+for+the+recovery+of+Shigella+sonnei+from+selected+foods.&rft.au=June%2C+G+A%3BSherrod%2C+P+S%3BAmaguana%2C+R+M%3BAndrews%2C+W+H%3BHammack%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=June&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous determination of nitrofurazone and furazolidone in shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) muscle tissue by liquid chromatography with UV detection. AN - 76161892; 8286962 AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of nitrofurazone (NFZ) and furazolidone (FZD) in shrimp muscle tissue. The drugs are extracted from the tissue with acetonitrile, and the lipids and lipophilic pigments are removed from the extract with hexane. The remaining acetonitrile extract is evaporated by rotary evaporation, and the resultant residues are dissolved with LC-grade water, applied to a preconditioned C18 solid-phase extraction column, and eluted with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile eluant is then dried under nitrogen, and the resultant drug residues are dissolved with mobile phase and filtered. The drugs are determined by LC by using a C18 reversed-phase (octyldecylsilyl Hypersil) column, a mobile phase of acetonitrile--1% aqueous acetic acid (25 + 75, v/v), and a photodiode array UV detector at 375 nm. NFZ and FZD were determined in shrimp tissue at each of 5 spiking levels (64, 32, 16, 8, and 4 ng drug/g tissue). Absolute recoveries ranged from 70.6 to 78.4%, and relative standard deviations ranged from 4.0 to 13.6%. The limit of detection of pure standard of each drug was approximately the equivalent of 1 ng drug/g tissue, and the limit of determination in a sample was 4 ng drug/g tissue. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Rupp, H S AU - Munns, R K AU - Long, A R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver Federal Center, CO 80225-0087. PY - 1993 SP - 1235 EP - 1239 VL - 76 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Furazolidone KW - 5J9CPU3RE0 KW - Nitrofurazone KW - X8XI70B5Z6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Nitrofurazone -- analysis KW - Penaeidae -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Furazolidone -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76161892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+determination+of+nitrofurazone+and+furazolidone+in+shrimp+%28Penaeus+vannamei%29+muscle+tissue+by+liquid+chromatography+with+UV+detection.&rft.au=Rupp%2C+H+S%3BMunns%2C+R+K%3BLong%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Rupp&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute effects of caffeine on several operant behaviors in rhesus monkeys. AN - 76145533; 8278453 AB - The acute effects of 1,3-trimethylxanthine (caffeine) were assessed using an operant test battery (OTB) of complex food-reinforced tasks that are thought to depend upon relatively specific brain functions, such as motivation to work for food (progressive ratio, PR), learning (incremental repeated acquisition, IRA), color and position discrimination (conditioned position responding, CPR), time estimation (temporal response differentiation, TRD), and short-term memory and attention (delayed matching-to-sample, DMTS). Endpoints included response rates (RR), accuracies (ACC), and percent task completed (PTC). Caffeine sulfate (0.175-20.0 mg/kg, IV), given 15 min pretesting, produced significant dose-dependent decreases in TRD percent task completed and accuracy at doses > or = 5.6 mg/kg. Caffeine produced no systematic effects on either DMTS or PR responding, but low doses tended to enhance performance in both IRA and CPR tasks. Thus, in monkeys, performance of an operant task designed to model time estimation is more sensitive to the disruptive effects of caffeine than is performance of the other tasks in the OTB. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Buffalo, E A AU - Gillam, M P AU - Allen, R R AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 733 EP - 737 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - Index Medicus KW - Discrimination Learning -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Reinforcement Schedule KW - Time Perception -- drug effects KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Attention -- drug effects KW - Memory, Short-Term -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Caffeine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76145533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Acute+effects+of+caffeine+on+several+operant+behaviors+in+rhesus+monkeys.&rft.au=Buffalo%2C+E+A%3BGillam%2C+M+P%3BAllen%2C+R+R%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Buffalo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=733&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-09 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Knowledge of medical history information among proxy respondents for deceased study subjects. AN - 76050730; 8229101 AB - Proxy respondents were interviewed for 96 decedents in an occupational cohort. A second respondent was interviewed for 59 decedents. Medical records were reviewed to validate questionnaire information. The percentage of respondents who answered "don't know" (non-response) to questions about medical condition ranged from 5% (cancer and heart disease) to 17% (ulcers). Non-response rates were lowest among spouses, intermediate among children, parents, and siblings, and highest among other relatives and friends. Among 41-55 pairs, depending on the condition, agreement between paired respondents was excellent (kappa > 0.75) for ulcers, cancer, diabetes, and lung disease. A higher percentage of medical records was obtained for decedents with spouse respondents and for decedents with more recent dates of death. Sixty percent or more of the medical records were obtained for patients with cancer (n = 30), heart disease (n = 26), stroke (n = 9), and liver disease (n = 10). The positive predictive value of the proxy respondent information for these conditions was 93, 81, 78, and 60%, respectively. JF - Journal of clinical epidemiology AU - Tepper, A AU - Connally, L B AU - Haltmeier, P AU - Smith, E AU - Sweeney, M H AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 1243 EP - 1248 VL - 46 IS - 11 SN - 0895-4356, 0895-4356 KW - Index Medicus KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Hypertension -- mortality KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- mortality KW - Liver Diseases -- mortality KW - Peptic Ulcer -- mortality KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Memory KW - Cohort Studies KW - Heart Diseases -- mortality KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Middle Aged KW - Lung Diseases -- mortality KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Medical Records KW - Family KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76050730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Knowledge+of+medical+history+information+among+proxy+respondents+for+deceased+study+subjects.&rft.au=Tepper%2C+A%3BConnally%2C+L+B%3BHaltmeier%2C+P%3BSmith%2C+E%3BSweeney%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Tepper&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+epidemiology&rft.issn=08954356&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eating as a hazard to health: preventing, treating dental injuries caused by foreign objects in food. AN - 76042821; 7901252 AB - The Food and Drug Administration maintains a passive surveillance system for reporting and follow-up of complaints related to food items. The most commonly reported complaint is the discovery of foreign objects in food. The most common injuries are abrasions to the throat and buccal mucosa. Although dentists are qualified to treat oral injury resulting from foreign object ingestion, more physicians than dental professionals treat soft tissue trauma. JF - Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) AU - Hyman, F N AU - Klontz, K C AU - Tollefson, L AD - Epidemiology Branch, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md. 20857. Y1 - 1993/11// PY - 1993 DA - November 1993 SP - 65 EP - 69 VL - 124 IS - 11 SN - 0002-8177, 0002-8177 KW - Dentistry KW - Index Medicus KW - Registries KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Tooth Injuries KW - Wounds and Injuries -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Digestive System -- injuries KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Mouth -- injuries KW - Food Contamination KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- statistics & numerical data KW - Foreign Bodies -- complications KW - Foreign Bodies -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76042821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.atitle=Eating+as+a+hazard+to+health%3A+preventing%2C+treating+dental+injuries+caused+by+foreign+objects+in+food.&rft.au=Hyman%2C+F+N%3BKlontz%2C+K+C%3BTollefson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Hyman&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-11-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.issn=00028177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intracranial injection of Fluoro-Gold results in the degeneration of local but not retrogradely labeled neurons. AN - 76157798; 8281454 AB - Small volumes of either Fluoro-Gold (hydroxy-stilbamidine) or physiological saline were pressure injected into the striatum of adult rats. This paradigm is essentially the same as that used by neuroscientists who inject small quantities of Fluoro-Gold into brain structures to reveal neuronal connections. Using a modified de Olmos' cupric-silver technique, virtually no degeneration could be detected as the result of saline injection at any time point examined. However, comparable injections of Fluoro-Gold resulted in conspicuous cell body and terminal degeneration within the striatum 1-10 days post injection. Terminal degeneration within the substantia nigra pars reticulata could also be seen 2-10 days after injection. Examination of cells of the compacta region revealed conspicuous retrograde uptake of Fluoro-Gold, although none of these cells exhibited any evidence of neuronal degeneration at any postoperative time examined. JF - Brain research AU - Schmued, L C AU - Beltramino, C AU - Slikker, W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Neurotoxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1993/10/29/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Oct 29 SP - 71 EP - 77 VL - 626 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - 2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene, methanesulfonate salt KW - 0 KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Stilbamidines KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Corpus Striatum KW - Injections KW - Male KW - Nerve Degeneration -- drug effects KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Fluorescent Dyes -- toxicity KW - Fluorescent Dyes -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76157798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Intracranial+injection+of+Fluoro-Gold+results+in+the+degeneration+of+local+but+not+retrogradely+labeled+neurons.&rft.au=Schmued%2C+L+C%3BBeltramino%2C+C%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Schmued&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-10-29&rft.volume=626&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of cysteine residues 129 and 329 in Escherichia coli K1 CMP-NeuAc synthase. AN - 76080667; 8240247 AB - N-Acetylneuraminic acid cytidyltransferase (CMP-NeuAc synthase) of Escherichia coli K1 is sensitive to mercurials and has cysteine residues only at positions 129 and 329. The role of these residues in the catalytic activity and structure of the protein has been investigated by site-directed mutagenesis and chemical modification. The enzyme is inactivated by the thiol-specific reagent dithiodipyridine. Inactivation by this reagent is decreased in the presence of the nucleotide substrate CTP, suggesting that a thiol residue is at or near the active site. Site-directed mutagenesis of either residue Cys-129 to serine or Cys-329 to selected amino acids has minor effects on the specific activity of the enzyme, suggesting that cysteine is not essential for catalysis and that a disulphide bond is not an essential structural component. The limited reactivity of the enzyme to other thiol-blocking reagents suggests that its cysteine residues are partially exposed. The accessibility and role of the cysteine residues in enzyme structure were investigated by fluorescence, c.d. and denaturation studies of wild-type and mutant enzymes. The mutation of Cys-129 to serine makes the enzyme more sensitive to heat and chemical denaturation, but does not cause gross changes in the protein structure as judged by the c.d. spectrum. The mutant containing Ser-129 instead of Cys-129 had a complex denaturation pathway similar to that of wild-type E. coli K1 CMP-NeuAc synthase consisting of several partially denatured states. Cys-329 reacts more readily with N-[14C]ethylmaleimide when the enzyme is in a heat-induced relaxed state. Cys-129 is less reactive and is probably a buried residue. JF - The Biochemical journal AU - Zapata, G AU - Roller, P P AU - Crowley, J AU - Vann, W F AD - Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/10/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Oct 15 SP - 485 EP - 491 VL - 295 ( Pt 2) SN - 0264-6021, 0264-6021 KW - NeuA KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds KW - N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase KW - EC 2.7.7.43 KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Hot Temperature KW - Base Sequence KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Stability KW - Protein Denaturation KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase -- genetics KW - Cysteine -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology KW - N-Acylneuraminate Cytidylyltransferase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76080667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.atitle=The+role+of+cysteine+residues+129+and+329+in+Escherichia+coli+K1+CMP-NeuAc+synthase.&rft.au=Zapata%2C+G%3BRoller%2C+P+P%3BCrowley%2C+J%3BVann%2C+W+F&rft.aulast=Zapata&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-10-15&rft.volume=295+%28+Pt+2%29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=485&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.issn=02646021&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - NeuA N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Infect Immun. 1983 Jul;41(1):54-60 [6408005] J Biol Chem. 1962 Nov;237:3527-34 [13998986] J Biochem. 1983 Jun;93(6):1621-33 [6309760] Nature. 1984 Feb 9-15;307(5951):560-3 [6420710] J Biochem. 1984 Apr;95(4):1193-200 [6086594] J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 5;264(25):14769-74 [2549035] J Immunol Methods. 1986 Sep 27;92(2):261-70 [3760586] J Biol Chem. 1986 Dec 25;261(36):17057-61 [3782153] Clin Chem. 1987 Sep;33(9):1671 [3621574] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1987 Oct 16;903(3):417-24 [3663654] J Biol Chem. 1987 Dec 25;262(36):17556-62 [2826425] J Biol Chem. 1988 Apr 5;263(10):4895-9 [3350815] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 May;85(9):2999-3003 [2834727] J Biol Chem. 1966 Dec 10;241(23):5643-50 [4288894] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] N Engl J Med. 1974 May 30;290(22):1216-20 [4133095] Biochemistry. 1974 Jul 30;13(16):3350-9 [4366945] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463-7 [271968] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4350-4 [388439] Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1980 May;361(5):641-8 [6253375] Nature. 1981 Feb 19;289(5799):696-8 [7007894] Anal Biochem. 1981 Apr;112(2):195-203 [6266278] J Biol Chem. 1982 Jul 10;257(13):7720-9 [7085646] Infect Immun. 1989 Nov;57(11):3324-30 [2478471] Anal Biochem. 1989 Jul;180(1):147-51 [2530914] Anal Biochem. 1989 Nov 1;182(2):319-26 [2610349] J Mol Biol. 1990 Feb 20;211(4):975-88 [2313703] Biochemistry. 1990 Feb 6;29(5):1112-8 [2108721] J Mol Biol. 1991 Feb 20;217(4):721-9 [2005621] Biochemistry. 1992 Jan 28;31(3):775-80 [1731934] J Biol Chem. 1992 May 5;267(13):9257-63 [1577759] Glycobiology. 1991 Mar;1(2):187-91 [1823161] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jul;80(13):3963-5 [6575390] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Job tasks, potential exposures, and health risks of laborers employed in the construction industry. AN - 85258862; pmid-8250061 AB - Construction laborers have some of the highest death rates of any occupation in the United States. There has been very little systematic research focused exclusively on "laborers" as opposed to other workers in the construction industry. We reviewed the English language literature and various data bases describing the occupational tasks, exposures, and work-related health risks of construction laborers. The sources of information included 1) occupational mortality surveillance data collected by the states of California and Washington and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH); 2) National Occupational Exposure Survey; 3) national fatality data; 4) cancer registry data; and 5) case reports of specific causes of morbidity. While the literature reported that construction laborers have increased risk for mesothelioma, on-the-job trauma, acute lead poisoning, musculoskeletal injury, and dermatitis, the work relatedness of excess risks for all-cause mortality, cirrhosis, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, and leukemia is less clear. Furthermore, while laborers are known to be potentially exposed to asbestos, noise, and lead, and the NIOSH Job Exposure Matrix describes other potential hazardous exposures, little research has characterized other possible exposures and no research has been found that describes the exposures associated with specific job tasks. More advanced study designs are needed that include a better understanding of the job tasks and exposures to construction laborers, in order to evaluate specific exposure-disease relationships and to develop intervention programs aimed at reducing the rate of work-related diseases. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Burkhart, G AU - Schulte, P A AU - Robinson, C AU - Sieber, W K AU - Vossenas, P AU - Ringen, K AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, M.D. PY - 1993 SP - 413 EP - 425 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - United States KW - Occupational Health KW - Human KW - Risk Factors KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Occupational Diseases KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85258862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Job+tasks%2C+potential+exposures%2C+and+health+risks+of+laborers+employed+in+the+construction+industry.&rft.au=Burkhart%2C+G%3BSchulte%2C+P+A%3BRobinson%2C+C%3BSieber%2C+W+K%3BVossenas%2C+P%3BRingen%2C+K&rft.aulast=Burkhart&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cryopreservation and long-term storage of primary rat hepatocytes: effects on substrate-specific cytochrome P450-dependent activities and unscheduled DNA synthesis. AN - 76290197; 8039011 AB - The effects of cryopreservation and long-term storage on substrate-specific cytochrome P450-dependent activities and unscheduled DNA synthesis were studied in freshly isolated and cryopreserved hepatocytes derived from adult male Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats. Primary rat hepatocytes were isolated via an in situ collagenase perfusion technique, cryopreserved at -196 degrees C, and thawed at 5 weeks and 104 and 156 weeks post-freezing. In Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats, cryopreserved hepatocytes were equivalent or similar to freshly isolated hepatocytes in substrate-specific activities for 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and dimethylnitrosamine-N-demethylase and unscheduled DNA synthesis responses. No significant differences in activities toward 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and dimethylnitrosamine-N-demethylase, the substrate-specific activities for cytochromes P4501A1 and P4501A2 and cytochrome P4502E1, respectively, were observed between freshly isolated and cryopreserved hepatocytes. Similar unscheduled DNA synthesis responses, a measure of DNA damage and repair, were observed after exposure to the genotoxic carcinogens 2-acetylamino-fluorene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and dimethylnitrosamine; although some decreases were also observed in Fischer 344 hepatocytes after 104 weeks and Sprague-Dawley hepatocytes after 156 weeks in the highest concentrations tested. These results suggest that cryopreserved hepatocytes, stored for extended periods of time in liquid nitrogen, are metabolically equivalent to freshly isolated hepatocytes in their ability to activate precarcinogens. JF - Cell biology and toxicology AU - Shaddock, J G AU - Snawder, J E AU - Casciano, D A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Genetic Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079. PY - 1993 SP - 345 EP - 357 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0742-2091, 0742-2091 KW - Isoenzymes KW - 0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 KW - EC 1.14.13.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating KW - EC 1.5.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Time Factors KW - Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Specimen Handling -- methods KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - Cryopreservation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76290197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Cryopreservation+and+long-term+storage+of+primary+rat+hepatocytes%3A+effects+on+substrate-specific+cytochrome+P450-dependent+activities+and+unscheduled+DNA+synthesis.&rft.au=Shaddock%2C+J+G%3BSnawder%2C+J+E%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Shaddock&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-24 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical hypothesis: xenoestrogens as preventable causes of breast cancer. AN - 76243053; 8119245 AB - Changes in documented risk factors for breast cancer and rates of screening cannot completely explain recent increases in incidence or mortality. Established risk factors for breast cancer, including genetics, account for at best 30% of cases. Most of these risk factors can be linked to total lifetime exposure to bioavailable estrogens. Experimental evidence reveals that compounds such as some chlorinated organics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), triazine herbicides, and pharmaceuticals affect estrogen production and metabolism and thus function as xenoestrogens. Many of these xenoestrogenic compounds also experimentally induce mammary carcinogenesis. Recent epidemiologic studies have found that breast fat and serum lipids of women with breast cancer contain significantly elevated levels of some chlorinated organics compared with noncancer controls. As the proportion of inherited breast cancer in the population is small, most breast cancers are due to acquired mutations. Thus, the induction of breast cancer in the majority of cases stems from interactions between host factors, including genetics and environmental carcinogens. We hypothesize that substances such as xenoestrogens increase the risk of breast cancer by mechanisms which include interaction with breast-cancer susceptibility genes. A series of major epidemiologic studies need to be developed to evaluate this hypothesis, including studies of estrogen metabolism, the role of specific xenoestrogenic substances in breast cancer, and relevant genetic-environmental interactions. In addition, experimental studies are needed to evaluate biologic markers of suspect xenoestrogens and biologic markers of host susceptibility and identify pathways of estrogenicity that affect the development of breast cancer. If xenoestrogens do play a role in breast cancer, reductions in exposure will provide an opportunity for primary prevention of this growing disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Davis, D L AU - Bradlow, H L AU - Wolff, M AU - Woodruff, T AU - Hoel, D G AU - Anton-Culver, H AD - Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 372 EP - 377 VL - 101 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Estrogens KW - 0 KW - Xenobiotics KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Xenobiotics -- adverse effects KW - Estrogens -- biosynthesis KW - Breast Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Breast Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76243053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Medical+hypothesis%3A+xenoestrogens+as+preventable+causes+of+breast+cancer.&rft.au=Davis%2C+D+L%3BBradlow%2C+H+L%3BWolff%2C+M%3BWoodruff%2C+T%3BHoel%2C+D+G%3BAnton-Culver%2C+H&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=372&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-07 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Princess Takamatsu Symp. 1987;18:61-6 [3147283] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1976 Apr;15(4):478-84 [816406] Arch Environ Health. 1989 Mar-Apr;44(2):69-74 [2930248] Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Jun;129(6):1187-200 [2729256] N Engl J Med. 1989 Aug 3;321(5):269-74 [2747769] Environ Health Perspect. 1989 Jul;82:109-24 [2792037] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1989 Nov;101(2):310-8 [2479123] Am J Public Health. 1989 Nov;79(11):1503-7 [2817161] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990 Apr 4;82(7):561-9 [2156081] Cancer. 1990 Nov 15;66(10):2124-8 [1699651] Neoplasma. 1990;37(5):533-44 [2234215] Nature. 1990 Dec 20-27;348(6303):747-9 [2259385] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;609:259-67; discussion 267-8 [2264649] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1990;609:269-79 [2264650] Science. 1990 Dec 21;250(4988):1684-9 [2270482] Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Feb;48(2):232-42 [1990835] Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(2):145-59 [1992675] Lancet. 1991 Jun 8;337(8754):1414 [1674785] Lancet. 1991 Jul 13;338(8759):82-3 [1676470] Carcinogenesis. 1991 Sep;12(9):1571-4 [1893517] Lancet. 1991 Oct 19;338(8773):959-64 [1681339] Cancer Res. 1991 Dec 1;51(23 Pt 1):6385-7 [1933902] Science. 1991 Nov 22;254(5035):1131-8 [1957166] Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1992 Jan;199(1):42-8 [1370187] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1992 Mar 4;84(5):313-20 [1738181] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1992 Apr 15;84(8):634-8 [1556774] Arch Environ Health. 1992 Mar-Apr;47(2):143-6 [1567239] N Engl J Med. 1992 Jul 30;327(5):319-28 [1620171] Lancet. 1992 Oct 24;340(8826):1015-8 [1357410] Int J Androl. 1992 Oct;15(5):373-5 [1428195] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 Jan 6;85(1):32-6 [8416253] Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Dec 1;136(11):1321-6 [1488960] Science. 1993 Jan 29;259(5095):633-8 [8381558] Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Dec 15;136(12):1423-36 [1288272] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993 Apr 21;85(8):648-52 [8468722] Nat Genet. 1992 Oct;2(2):128-31 [1303261] Nat Genet. 1992 Oct;2(2):89-90 [1303268] Lancet. 1993 May 29;341(8857):1392-5 [8098802] Br J Cancer. 1963 Jun;17:272-80 [14042729] Cancer Res. 1976 Feb;36(2 Pt 1):319-24 [816459] J Agric Food Chem. 1976 Jul-Aug;24(4):768-71 [956541] Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1977 Nov;22(5 Pt 2):721-8 [913030] Minn Med. 1980 Nov;63(11):803-6 [7453699] J Cell Biochem. 1982;18(2):135-48 [6279686] Science. 1984 Jun 1;224(4652):1014-7 [6426058] Environ Res. 1984 Jun;34(1):24-8 [6426947] Carcinogenesis. 1984 Jul;5(7):941-2 [6733855] Cancer Res. 1985 Aug;45(8):3415-43 [3926298] J Steroid Biochem. 1985 Jul;23(1):87-94 [4021494] N Engl J Med. 1987 Jan 1;316(1):22-8 [3785347] Int J Cancer. 1987 Dec 15;40(6):721-5 [3692620] Mol Pharmacol. 1988 Jan;33(1):120-6 [3122017] Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1988 Jan;24(1):29-43 [3276531] Am J Epidemiol. 1988 Mar;127(3):654-62 [3341365] Nature. 1988 Sep 29;335(6189):400-2 [3419514] Endocrinologie. 1988 Jul-Sep;26(3):165-71 [2975038] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1969 Mar;14(2):358-67 [5772860] Ann Intern Med. 1969 Oct;71(4):747-52 [5360287] Biochem Pharmacol. 1974 Jan 15;23(2):447-51 [4360348] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1989 Feb;15(1):47-53 [2922589] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Costimulatory properties of the human CD4 molecule: enhancement of CD3-induced T cell activation by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 through viral envelope glycoprotein gp120. AN - 76153567; 7506554 AB - This study was designed to investigate the T cell costimulatory activity of ligands binding to different regions on the human CD4 molecule. We assayed the costimulatory properties of a panel of CD4 MAbs, intact HIV, and viral envelope glycoproteins in CD3-induced activation of resting T cell subpopulations. Our data using MAbs reveal epitope-specific variations in the functional activities of CD4 MAbs under specific conditions in which CD3 and CD4 molecules are co-cross-linked. We show that both naive and memory CD4+ T cell subsets are susceptible to CD4-mediated costimulation, which overcomes the functional differences between the two cell populations in responsiveness to CD3 MAbs. We show for the first time that, analogous to CD4 MAbs, preparations of HIV and viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 are also potent costimulators of T cell proliferation and IL-2 production. On the basis of these results we propose possible mechanisms for polyclonal cell activation in the course of HIV infection and suggest that viral inhibitory and costimulatory effects may together disrupt the normal balanced function of the immune system, leading to AIDS. JF - AIDS research and human retroviruses AU - Oravecz, T AU - Norcross, M A AD - Division of Hematologic Products, Food and Drug Administration, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 945 EP - 955 VL - 9 IS - 10 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD3 KW - Antigens, CD4 KW - Epitopes KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Humans KW - Immunologic Memory KW - Interleukin-2 -- biosynthesis KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- pharmacology KW - Drug Synergism KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - HIV-1 -- immunology KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- immunology KW - Antigens, CD3 -- pharmacology KW - Antigens, CD4 -- pharmacology KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- immunology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76153567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.atitle=Costimulatory+properties+of+the+human+CD4+molecule%3A+enhancement+of+CD3-induced+T+cell+activation+by+human+immunodeficiency+virus+type+1+through+viral+envelope+glycoprotein+gp120.&rft.au=Oravecz%2C+T%3BNorcross%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Oravecz&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A malformation incidence dose-response model incorporating fetal weight and/or litter size as covariates. AN - 76121684; 8259446 AB - A dose-response model is often fit to bioassay data to provide a mathematical relationship between the incidence of a developmental malformation and dose of a toxicant. To utilize the interrelations among the fetal weight, incidence of malformation and number of the live fetuses, a conditional Gaussian regression chain model is proposed to model the dose-response function for developmental malformation incidence using the litter size and/or the fetal weight as covariates. The litter size is modeled as a function of dose, the fetal weight is modeled as a function of dose conditional on both the litter size and the fetal weight, which itself is also conditional on the litter size, and the malformation incidence is modeled as a function of dose conditional on the litter size. Data from a developmental experiment conducted at the National Center for Toxicological Research to investigate the growth stunting and increased incidence of cleft palate induced by Dexamethasone (DEX) exposure in rats was used as an illustration. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Chen, J AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 559 EP - 564 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Birth Weight KW - Regression Analysis KW - Dexamethasone -- toxicity KW - Cleft Palate -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Litter Size KW - Risk Factors KW - Incidence KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Models, Statistical KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76121684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=A+malformation+incidence+dose-response+model+incorporating+fetal+weight+and%2For+litter+size+as+covariates.&rft.au=Chen%2C+J&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tetrazolium-based cell bioassay for neurotoxins active on voltage-sensitive sodium channels: semiautomated assay for saxitoxins, brevetoxins, and ciguatoxins. AN - 76103286; 8250223 AB - In the present study we have developed an assay for the detection of sodium channel-specific marine toxins based upon mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity in the presence of veratridine and ouabain. This cell bioassay allows detection of either sodium channel enhancers, such as the brevetoxins and the ciguatoxins, or sodium channel blocking agents, such as the saxitoxins. The assay responds in a dose dependent manner and differentiates the toxic activity as either sodium channel blocking or enhancing. In addition, the assay is highly sensitive, with present detection limits of 2 ng/ml for either saxitoxins or brevetoxins (PbTx-1 and PbTx-3). Assay response to a ciguatoxic extract and to brevetoxins is rapid, allowing dose dependent detection within 4 to 6 h. The method is simple, utilizes readily available reagents, uses substantially less sample than required for mouse bioassay, and is well within the scope of even modest tissue culture facilities. This cell-based protocol has the potential to serve as an alternate and complementary method to the standard mouse bioassay. JF - Analytical biochemistry AU - Manger, R L AU - Leja, L S AU - Lee, S Y AU - Hungerford, J M AU - Wekell, M M AD - Seafood Products Research Center, United States Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, Washington 98041-3012. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 190 EP - 194 VL - 214 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2697, 0003-2697 KW - Marine Toxins KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - Oxocins KW - Sodium Channels KW - Tetrazolium Salts KW - Ciguatoxins KW - 11050-21-8 KW - Saxitoxin KW - 35523-89-8 KW - brevetoxin KW - 98225-48-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Neuroblastoma KW - Cell Line KW - Marine Toxins -- analysis KW - Ciguatoxins -- toxicity KW - Saxitoxin -- analysis KW - Sodium Channels -- physiology KW - Neurotoxins -- analysis KW - Ciguatoxins -- analysis KW - Saxitoxin -- toxicity KW - Sodium Channels -- drug effects KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Marine Toxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76103286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Tetrazolium-based+cell+bioassay+for+neurotoxins+active+on+voltage-sensitive+sodium+channels%3A+semiautomated+assay+for+saxitoxins%2C+brevetoxins%2C+and+ciguatoxins.&rft.au=Manger%2C+R+L%3BLeja%2C+L+S%3BLee%2C+S+Y%3BHungerford%2C+J+M%3BWekell%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Manger&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=214&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.issn=00032697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic dust exposures from compost handling: case presentation and respiratory exposure assessment. AN - 76102673; 8250057 AB - Inhalation of dust from contaminated organic materials may result in acute respiratory tract illness. Possible mechanisms include toxic and cellular reactions to microbial and other organic products or immunologic responses after prior sensitization to an antigen. A case is presented of a 52 year old male who developed fever, myalgia, and marked dyspnea 12 hr after shoveling composted wood chips and leaves. Inspiratory crackles, hypoxemia, and bilateral patchy pulmonary infiltrates were seen. Precipitating antibody tests for the usual antigens were inconclusive. He improved over 3 days. In order to assess the environmental conditions the patient had experienced, we returned to the site to reproduce and measure respiratory exposures during hand loading of the compost. Visible clouds of fine particulate were easily generated during handling activities. Microscopic examination of these dusts indicated a predominance of spores. Endotoxin concentrations from inspirable and respirable dust samples ranged from 636 to 16,300 endotoxin units/m3. Levels of contaminants found were consistent with those associated with respiratory illness in other agricultural settings. Two respiratory disorders, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and organic dust toxic syndrome (ODTS), may occur after exposure to organic dusts containing fungal spores and endotoxins. Despite extensive clinical and environmental investigations, we were unable to differentiate these two disorders, and suggest they may represent parts of a spectrum of responses to complex organic dusts, rather than completely distinct clinical entities. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Weber, S AU - Kullman, G AU - Petsonk, E AU - Jones, W G AU - Olenchock, S AU - Sorenson, W AU - Parker, J AU - Marcelo-Baciu, R AU - Frazer, D AU - Castranova, V AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 365 EP - 374 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Endotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Agriculture KW - Syndrome KW - Humans KW - Wood KW - Middle Aged KW - Endotoxins -- analysis KW - Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic -- etiology KW - Male KW - Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic -- microbiology KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- microbiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Dust -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76102673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Organic+dust+exposures+from+compost+handling%3A+case+presentation+and+respiratory+exposure+assessment.&rft.au=Weber%2C+S%3BKullman%2C+G%3BPetsonk%2C+E%3BJones%2C+W+G%3BOlenchock%2C+S%3BSorenson%2C+W%3BParker%2C+J%3BMarcelo-Baciu%2C+R%3BFrazer%2C+D%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-28 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interpretation of urine results used to assess chemical exposure with emphasis on creatinine adjustments: a review. AN - 76072539; 8237794 AB - This paper reviews the process of elimination of creatinine (CRE), and the limitations presented when using it to express urine concentrations. This literature review leads to three conclusions: (1) CRE excretion is subject to wide fluctuations due to specific internal and external factors; (2) the use of CRE to correct chemical concentrations in urine will not necessarily improve the correlation to the exposure dose for all chemicals (it may, in fact, worsen the result); and (3) other means of expressing urine concentration may offer greater accuracy towards estimating individually absorbed dose. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Boeniger, M F AU - Lowry, L K AU - Rosenberg, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 615 EP - 627 VL - 54 IS - 10 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Circadian Rhythm KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Diuresis KW - Body Constitution KW - Exercise KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Female KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Creatinine -- urine KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76072539?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Interpretation+of+urine+results+used+to+assess+chemical+exposure+with+emphasis+on+creatinine+adjustments%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Boeniger%2C+M+F%3BLowry%2C+L+K%3BRosenberg%2C+J&rft.aulast=Boeniger&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-20 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of biological markers in occupational health research and practice. AN - 76050971; 8230306 AB - The promise of biological markers in occupational health research and practice has been described in the scientific literature. The current generation of biological markers has the potential to allow for the earlier detection of disease, for the reduction of misclassification of exposure and outcome, for heightened understanding of mechanisms and etiologic pathways, and for the designation of groups at risk. What is necessary now is a strategy for realizing this potential. The elements of such as a strategy may include the following: (1) a program to validate biomarkers, (2) increased utilization of valid biomarkers in etiologic and prevention research, and (3) developmental programs to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration and train molecular epidemiologists. A framework for linking biomarkers and epidemiologic study designs has evolved during the past 5 yr. For this progress to continue, it is important that discussion about biomarkers reflect a specificity with regard to both the type of marker and the use for which it is intended. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Schulte, P A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998. PY - 1993 SP - 359 EP - 366 VL - 40 IS - 2-3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Research KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76050971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Use+of+biological+markers+in+occupational+health+research+and+practice.&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-13 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-aminochrysene is metabolized to form a major adduct with deoxyguanosine and produces mutations in the hprt gene of Chinese hamster ovary cells at G:C basepairs. AN - 76043647; 8222062 AB - 6-Nitrochrysene can be activated to genotoxic derivatives by two major metabolic pathways: nitroreduction to N-hydroxy-6-aminochrysene, and a combination of ring-oxidation and nitroreduction that involves the intermediate formation of trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-6-aminochrysene (6-AC-1,2-dihydrodiol). The DNA adduct formed from this latter pathway was evaluated by reacting individual deoxynucleoside 5'-monophosphates with 6-AC-1,2-dihydrodiol in the presence of liver microsomal enzymes from 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats. Binding was greatest to deoxyguanosine monophosphate and the major deoxyguanosine (dG) adduct co-chromatographed with the single major adduct formed from the microsome-catalyzed reaction of 6-AC-1,2-dihydrodiol with DNA. In order to characterize the mutational changes associated with the 6-AC-1,2-dihydrodiol pathway, we analyzed the mutational spectrum produced by 6-AC-1,2-dihydrodiol in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) gene of CHO-K1 cells. cDNA was synthesized from the RNA of 28 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants, the hprt coding region amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, and the DNA products directly sequenced. Twenty independent primary mutations were found: 12 G:C-->T:A transversions, three G:C-->C:G transversions, one G:C-->A:T transition, one A:T-->T:A transversion, two -1 frameshift mutations in sequences containing consecutive guanines, and one 11 bp deletion. All G:C basepair substitutions had the mutated dG on the non-transcribed strand and 86% of the G:C basepair substitutions had one purine 3' to the mutated dG. The pattern of 6-AC-1,2-dihydrodiol-induced basepair substitutions was distinct from the pattern observed in solvent control mutants. These results are consistent with the formation of a promutagenic dG adduct from a metabolite of 6-AC-1,2-dihydrodiol. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Li, E E AU - Heflich, R H AU - Delclos, K B AD - Division of Biochemical, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 2109 EP - 2114 VL - 14 IS - 10 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Chrysenes KW - 0 KW - 6-aminochrysene-1,2-dihydrodiol KW - 117760-93-7 KW - Methylcholanthrene KW - 56-49-5 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - CHO Cells KW - Cricetinae KW - Deoxyguanosine -- metabolism KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Chrysenes -- metabolism KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76043647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Trans-1%2C2-dihydro-1%2C2-dihydroxy-6-aminochrysene+is+metabolized+to+form+a+major+adduct+with+deoxyguanosine+and+produces+mutations+in+the+hprt+gene+of+Chinese+hamster+ovary+cells+at+G%3AC+basepairs.&rft.au=Li%2C+E+E%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BDelclos%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-01 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 32P-postlabelling analysis of DNA adducts of 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) in target and nontarget tissues in the dog and their implications for human risk assessment. AN - 76020345; 8222068 AB - 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) has considerable human occupational exposure and it induces urinary bladder tumors in the dog, a species that has been often used as a model for aromatic amine-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis in humans. Metabolic activation and formation of DNA adducts are considered to be critical steps in this process; and two major C8-adenine adducts have been shown to be formed in vitro by reaction with the proximate carcinogenic metabolite N-hydroxy-MOCA. MOCA-DNA adducts have also been detected in vivo in treated rats and in exfoliated urothelium of a worker accidentally exposed to MOCA. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect and quantify DNA adducts in the urinary bladder of dogs exposed to MOCA and thereby provide data that could be useful for risk assessment after human exposure to MOCA. Beagle dogs were treated with single and multiple doses of MOCA and DNA adduct levels were determined in liver and bladder epithelium. After a single dose, adduct levels in the liver were 1.5-fold higher than that in the bladder epithelium. Adduct levels in these two organs increased 3- to 5-fold after 10 doses and adducts in the liver were then 2.8-fold higher than that in the bladder epithelium. The levels found in these two organs after single exposures were compared, per unit exposure dose, with that reported for other carcinogenic aromatic amines. The comparison showed that MOCA was as effective in DNA adduct formation as most other potent urinary bladder carcinogens. These results suggest that MOCA may have high carcinogenic potential in humans and are consistent with the recent classification of MOCA as a probable human carcinogen. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Segerbäck, D AU - Kaderlik, K R AU - Talaska, G AU - Dooley, K L AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 2143 EP - 2147 VL - 14 IS - 10 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) KW - 3L2W5VTT2A KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dogs KW - Autoradiography KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Urinary Bladder -- chemistry KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76020345?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=32P-postlabelling+analysis+of+DNA+adducts+of+4%2C4%27-methylenebis%282-chloroaniline%29+in+target+and+nontarget+tissues+in+the+dog+and+their+implications+for+human+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Segerb%C3%A4ck%2C+D%3BKaderlik%2C+K+R%3BTalaska%2C+G%3BDooley%2C+K+L%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Segerb%C3%A4ck&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-01 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changing the culture of medicine: the FDA's MEDWatch program. AN - 75972570; 8397603 JF - Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges AU - Kessler, D A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 776 EP - 777 VL - 68 IS - 10 SN - 1040-2446, 1040-2446 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Health Policy KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75972570?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academic+medicine+%3A+journal+of+the+Association+of+American+Medical+Colleges&rft.atitle=Changing+the+culture+of+medicine%3A+the+FDA%27s+MEDWatch+program.&rft.au=Kessler%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Academic+medicine+%3A+journal+of+the+Association+of+American+Medical+Colleges&rft.issn=10402446&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-18 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrogeologic data needed for public health assessments AN - 50264437; 1994-022111 JF - Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America AU - Mann, John H AU - Anonymous Y1 - 1993/10// PY - 1993 DA - October 1993 SP - 349 PB - Geological Society of America (GSA), Boulder, CO VL - 25 IS - 6 SN - 0016-7592, 0016-7592 KW - wells KW - hazardous waste KW - monitoring KW - medical geology KW - movement KW - landfills KW - waste disposal KW - water wells KW - drinking water KW - ground water KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50264437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Hydrogeologic+data+needed+for+public+health+assessments&rft.au=Mann%2C+John+H%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+with+Programs+-+Geological+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00167592&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, 1993 annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - GAAPBC N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drinking water; ground water; hazardous waste; landfills; medical geology; monitoring; movement; waste disposal; water wells; wells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of mutagenicity testing with Salmonella typhimurium TA102 in three different laboratories. AN - 36364788; 201002-31-0247193 (CE); 11701532 (EN) AB - Thirty compounds of various chemical classes were investigated for mutagenicity in a collaborative study (three laboratories) using Salmonella typhimurium TA102. With five compounds, hydrazine sulfate, phenylhydrazine, hydralazine, glutardialdehyde, and glyoxal, mutagenicity was detected by all laboratories. Formaldehyde was assessed as weakly mutagenic in only one of three laboratories. The remaining 24 agents were uniformly described as non-genotoxic in TA102. In spite of the overall good qualitative agreement in the mutagenicity results between the three laboratories, some quantitative discrepancies occurred in the dose response of the mutagenic compounds. Varying inter- and intralaboratory differences in the spontaneous rate of revertants were obtained. The usefulness of the tester strain TA102 in routine mutagenicity testing is discussed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Muller, W AU - Engelhart, G AU - Herbold, B AU - Jackh, R AU - Jung, R AD - Hoechst AG, Frankfurt, Germany. PY - 1993 SP - 33 EP - 36 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mutagenicity KW - Salmonella KW - Hydrazines KW - Strain KW - Health KW - Sulfates KW - Spontaneous KW - Routines KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36364788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+mutagenicity+testing+with+Salmonella+typhimurium+TA102+in+three+different+laboratories.&rft.au=Muller%2C+W%3BEngelhart%2C+G%3BHerbold%2C+B%3BJackh%2C+R%3BJung%2C+R&rft.aulast=Muller&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variability in chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and mitogen-induced blastogenesis in peripheral lymphocytes from control individuals. AN - 36360683; 201002-31-0247196 (CE); 11701535 (EN) AB - Confidence in results from monitoring genetic end points in environmentally or occupationally exposed individuals can be improved with knowledge of the normal variability of changes in genetic end points in the general population. Confounding effects can be determined, and study interpretation can be improved by correlation of this variability with various lifestyle factors such as sex and age, smoking and drinking habits, viral infections, exposure to diagnostic X-rays, etc. Eight blood samples were taken from each of 24 male and 24 female volunteers over a period of 2 years. Questionnaires pertaining to lifestyle were completed at the time of each sampling. Whole blood was cultured and slides prepared for chromosome aberration (CA) or sister chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis. Separated mononuclear cells were cultured with a range of phytohemagglutinin concentrations, and the maximum level of mitogen-induced blastogenesis was determined by measurement of [3H]thymidine uptake. There was a significant effect of both year and season of sampling for all three end points. Because there was no consistent pattern in 2 successive years, effects were thought to be independent of season. No significant effects in any of the three end points were found with respect to sex or age nor any of the other lifestyle factors, although SCE frequency and mitogen-induced blastogenesis were nearly always higher in females than in males. These results point to the need for concurrent sampling of controls with exposed populations. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Anderson, D AU - Francis, A J AU - Godbert, P AU - Jenkinson, P C AU - Butterworth, K R AD - BIBRA Toxicology International, Carshalton, Surrey, Great Britain. PY - 1993 SP - 83 EP - 88 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Sampling KW - Exchange KW - Chromosomes KW - Seasons KW - Genetics KW - Aberration KW - Confidence intervals KW - Males KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36360683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Variability+in+chromosome+aberrations%2C+sister+chromatid+exchanges%2C+and+mitogen-induced+blastogenesis+in+peripheral+lymphocytes+from+control+individuals.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+D%3BFrancis%2C+A+J%3BGodbert%2C+P%3BJenkinson%2C+P+C%3BButterworth%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A study of sister chromatid exchange and somatic cell mutation in hospital workers exposed to ethylene oxide. AN - 36357889; 201002-31-0247192 (CE); 11701531 (EN) AB - To investigate the risks of exposure to ethylene oxide (EO) at current permissible levels and at past higher levels, an inception cohort of sterilizer operators and supervisors from the Central Processing Department (CPD), respiratory therapists, and engineers exposed to EO were identified at the McMaster University Medical Centre. A comparison group from Nutrition Services (NUTR) were matched with the CPD workers on the basis of sex, age, and smoking habit. The present report is based on genetic test results for the 94 CPD and matched NUTR workers only. Statistical analysis based on the mean SCE frequency in the top 5, top 10, and all cells (50 cells scored per individual) and high frequency cells (HFC) based on the 95th percentile for nonsmoking control subjects showed a direct association with current smoking but not with EO exposure. Similarly, statistical analysis of the somatic cell mutation (SCMT) variant frequencies did not demonstrate an association with EO exposure, nor with smoking. Regression analysis indicated that sex was the only other covariate that significantly affected SCE. Age was weakly associated with SCMT. A statistically significant interaction between occupational exposure and smoking habits was observed only for the mean SCE frequency of the top 5 and top 10 cells when the 11 current CPD/NUTR pairs were not included. Thus, this interaction should be interpreted with caution. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tomkins, D J AU - Haines, T AU - Lawrence, M AU - Rosa, N AD - Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. PY - 1993 SP - 159 EP - 164 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Compounds KW - Smoking KW - Compounding KW - Habits KW - Statistical analysis KW - Mutations KW - Sex KW - Ethylene oxide KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36357889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=A+study+of+sister+chromatid+exchange+and+somatic+cell+mutation+in+hospital+workers+exposed+to+ethylene+oxide.&rft.au=Tomkins%2C+D+J%3BHaines%2C+T%3BLawrence%2C+M%3BRosa%2C+N&rft.aulast=Tomkins&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The HPRT short-term assay in monitoring individuals exposed to genotoxic agents. AN - 36356699; 201002-31-0247186 (CE); 11701525 (EN) AB - This paper reviews several monitoring studies where the short-term HPRT assay has been applied. The original method uses autoradiography to detect 3H-thymidine incorporation in variant cells that have undergone DNA synthesis; the bromodeoxyuridine modification employs this thymidine analog and fluorescence plus Giemsa staining. The studies discussed here were accomplished with either of these methods. methods. Exposures analyzed include radiation and chemotherapy as medical treatments and accidental exposures to radiation; these studies have been useful in the validation of the assay because radiation and anticancer drugs are well-known mutagens. Other potential mutagens such as environmental arsenic and a parasitic infection and praziquantel, used for its treatment, have also been monitored for hprt locus mutation. An overview of the results obtained with different agents and routes of exposure is presented here as well as some methodological aspects for the optimization of the assay for monitoring studies. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Montero, R AU - Gonsebatt, M E AU - Herrera, L A AU - Rojas, E AU - Ostrosky-Wegman, P AD - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, UNAM, Mexico D. F. PY - 1993 SP - 135 EP - 138 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Assaying KW - Exposure KW - Monitoring KW - Mutagens KW - Chemotherapy KW - Medical KW - Autoradiography KW - Fluorescence KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36356699?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+HPRT+short-term+assay+in+monitoring+individuals+exposed+to+genotoxic+agents.&rft.au=Montero%2C+R%3BGonsebatt%2C+M+E%3BHerrera%2C+L+A%3BRojas%2C+E%3BOstrosky-Wegman%2C+P&rft.aulast=Montero&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification and molecular characterization of hprt mutants of human T-lymphocytes. AN - 36353303; 201002-31-0247189 (CE); 11701528 (EN) AB - Somatic mutations have been implicated as critical early events in carcinogenesis. Point mutations, deletions, and translocation events have been shown to activate oncogenes or inactivate suppressor oncogenes. In human population monitoring, quantitative analysis of mutation events that affect gene function is limited to those genes whose cellular phenotypes can be identified by selection procedures and to those tissues (like blood) that are accessible for analysis. In an effort to determine the frequency and types of mutations that can be detected at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) gene, we have used the T-cell cloning assay and have developed a strategy to propagate mutants and screen for point mutations and breakage events. Early in the clonal expansion of mutants, 1-2 x 10(4) cells are prepared as a crude cell lysate, and a sample is analyzed using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Those mutants that yield altered DNA fragments are then expanded for Southern blot hybridization, PCR, flanking probe isolation, and DNA sequencing. To date we have found presumed point mutations, intragenic deletions, and deletions that extend outside of the hprt gene. By analyzing mutations in selectable, nonessential gene markers, it should be possible to understand mechanisms of both spontaneous and induced genetic damage. An association of these specific genetic events with human diseases and the evaluation of the ability of environmental chemicals to induce these specific types of mutations will lead to a rational basis for evaluating risks from various chemical exposures. Images FIGURE 3. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Moore, M M AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Zimmerman, L J AU - Burnette, L P AU - Smith, T W AU - Everson, R B AU - O'Neill, J P AU - Fuscoe, J C AD - Genetic Toxicology Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. PY - 1993 SP - 219 EP - 224 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mutations KW - Genes KW - Deletion KW - Human KW - Images KW - Genetics KW - Multiplexing KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36353303?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Quantification+and+molecular+characterization+of+hprt+mutants+of+human+T-lymphocytes.&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BHarrington-Brock%2C+K%3BZimmerman%2C+L+J%3BBurnette%2C+L+P%3BSmith%2C+T+W%3BEverson%2C+R+B%3BO%27Neill%2C+J+P%3BFuscoe%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=219&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Somatic cell gene mutations in humans: biomarkers for genotoxicity. AN - 36350608; 201002-31-0247187 (CE); 11701526 (EN) AB - Somatic cell gene mutations arising in vivo in humans provide biomarkers for genotoxicity. Four assays, each measuring changes in a different "recorder" gene, are available for detecting mutations of the hemoglobin (Hb) and glycophorin A (gpa) genes in red blood cells and the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) and HLA genes in T-lymphocytes. Mean adult background mutant frequencies have been established; i.e., approximately 4 x 10(-8) (Hb), 5-10 x 10(-6) (hprt), 10-20 x 10(-6) (gpa) and 30 x 10(-6) (HLA). All the assays have now been used in studies of individuals exposed to physical and/or chemical genotoxic agents, and all have shown elevated values following exposures; examples are presented. In addition to quantitation, the lymphocyte assays allow molecular analyses of in vivo mutations, the definition of background and induced mutational spectra, and the search for unique changes for characterizing specific mutagens. The HPRT system currently has the largest database in this regard. Approximately 15% of adult background hprt mutations are due to gross structural alterations (primarily deletions) having random breakpoints; 85% result from "point" changes detected only by sequencing. In contrast, a specific intragenic deletion due to DNA cleavage at specific sites characterizes fetal hprt mutations, implicating a developmental mistake in their genesis. (This kind of developmental mistake in other genes is frequently observed in lymphoid malignancies.) Mutational spectra are just beginning to be defined for induced hprt mutations, e.g., ionizing radiation produces large deletions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Albertini, R J AU - Nicklas, J A AU - O'Neill, J P AD - VCC Genetics Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington 05401. PY - 1993 SP - 193 EP - 201 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mutations KW - Genes KW - Genotoxicity KW - Assaying KW - Adults KW - Surgical implants KW - Deletion KW - Biomedical materials KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36350608?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Somatic+cell+gene+mutations+in+humans%3A+biomarkers+for+genotoxicity.&rft.au=Albertini%2C+R+J%3BNicklas%2C+J+A%3BO%27Neill%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Albertini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic effects of dioxins in the spot test with mice. AN - 36348560; 201002-31-0247190 (CE); 11701529 (EN) AB - More than any other environmental chemicals, dioxins have been in the limelight of public interest for about 10 years. In addition to carcinogenicity, genetic risk is a cause for concern. Mutagenicity tests performed so far do not give a clear picture. The mutagenic potential of dioxins has to be considered weak or absent. Therefore, it seemed profitable to investigate comutagenicity and co-recombinogenicity of dioxins more thoroughly. The only useful method for investigating comutagenicity and co-recombinogenicity of dioxins in vivo is the spot test with mice. In this test system, a number of cocarcinogens and tumor promoters have shown comutagenic or co-recombinogenic effects. In the present study, tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and two environmental dioxin mixtures [pentachlorodibenzodioxin (PCDD) 1 and 2] were tested for genetic activity. Given alone, no mutagenic or recombinogenic effects could be observed. In combination with the carcinogenic mutagen ethyl nitrosourea (ENU) at concentrations of 128 micrograms/kg for PCCD 2, 314 micrograms/kg for PCDD 1, and 3 micrograms/kg for TCDD, a doubling of the genetic effectiveness of ENU was observed. The genetic risk can roughly be considered as 1:0.02 for TCDD:PCDD 2 and 1:0.01 for TCDD:PCDD 1. While PCDD 1 and 2 seem to enhance the mutagenic as well as the recombinogenic potential of ENU, TCDD showed mainly co-recombinogenic and antimutagenic activity. This characteristic indicates that TCDD is mainly a tumor promoter. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Fahrig, R AD - Fraunhofer-Institut fur Toxikologie und Aerosolforschung, Abteilung Genetik, Hannover, Germany. PY - 1993 SP - 257 EP - 261 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Dioxins KW - Genetics KW - Tumors KW - Risk KW - Mice KW - In vivo testing KW - Biomedical materials KW - In vivo tests KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36348560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Genetic+effects+of+dioxins+in+the+spot+test+with+mice.&rft.au=Fahrig%2C+R&rft.aulast=Fahrig&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using the micronucleus assay to detect genotoxic effects of metal ions. AN - 36347785; 201002-31-0247191 (CE); 11701530 (EN) AB - The lymphocyte micronucleus assay was used to measure the average frequency of micronuclei in a population and thus assess genotoxic effects. Data from 174 persons give an average value of 16.4 +/- 7.3, and a slight age-dependence was observed. To detect combined environmental mutagen injuries the micronucleus assay was used to study the effects of metal compounds. Cadmium ions increased the micronucleus frequency linearly after incubation with whole blood in vitro with 10(6)-10(-3) M concentrations for 30 min. Similarly, a linear increase in micronucleus frequency was detected with 10(-3)-10(-1) M mercury ions. Concerning the biological effect of selenium, it was found that neither sodium selenite nor selenium dioxide induced increases at concentrations of 10(-7)-10(-6) M; 10(-5) M caused a slight increase; 10(-4) M, however, destroyed the cells. These results suggest that the human lymphocyte micronucleus test can be used to assess genotoxic injuries due to environmental effects in human lymphocytes. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Berces, J AU - Otos, M AU - Szirmai, S AU - Crane-Uruena, C AU - Koteles, G J AD - Paks Nuclear Power Plant, Hungary. PY - 1993 SP - 11 EP - 13 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Genotoxicity KW - Assaying KW - Lymphocytes KW - Injuries KW - Human KW - Cadmium KW - Sodium KW - Mutagens KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36347785?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Using+the+micronucleus+assay+to+detect+genotoxic+effects+of+metal+ions.&rft.au=Berces%2C+J%3BOtos%2C+M%3BSzirmai%2C+S%3BCrane-Uruena%2C+C%3BKoteles%2C+G+J&rft.aulast=Berces&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimutagenic and mutagenic potentials of Chinese radish. AN - 36346984; 201002-31-0247197 (CE); 11701536 (EN) AB - The edible part of fresh Chinese radish was chopped into small pieces, lyophilized, and then extracted sequentially with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The solvent in each fraction was removed by evaporation under reduced pressure at 50-55 degrees C, and the residue was dissolved in dimethylsufoxide just before being tested for antimutagenicity as well as mutagenicity using the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test. We found that none of the three fractions exhibited any mutagenicity toward S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 when tested either in the presence or absence of S-9 mix. Interestingly, however, hexane and chloroform extracts could strongly inhibit the mutagenicities of both direct mutagens (e.g., 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide and sodium azide) and indirect mutagens (e.g., aflatoxin B1). In contrast, however, these two fractions did not inhibit the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene, which is also an indirect mutagen. Both hexane and chloroform extracts could also markedly inhibit the activities of rat liver aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase. The methanol fraction could inhibit neither the mutagenicities of direct or indirect mutagens tested nor the activities of those two rat liver enzymes. Results of the present study demonstrate that Chinese radish may not contain any mutagenic compound but does contain some nonpolar compounds with antimutagenic activity toward both direct and indirect mutagens. In addition, the antimutagenic activity toward aflatoxin B1 may be partly due to the inhibition of enzymes necessary for activation of this mutagen. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rojanapo, W AU - Tepsuwan, A AD - Biochemistry and Chemical Carcinogenesis Section, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand. PY - 1993 SP - 247 EP - 252 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Mutagens KW - Mutagenicity KW - Methyl alcohol KW - Chloroform KW - Radishes KW - Hexanes KW - Aflatoxins KW - Enzymes KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36346984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Antimutagenic+and+mutagenic+potentials+of+Chinese+radish.&rft.au=Rojanapo%2C+W%3BTepsuwan%2C+A&rft.aulast=Rojanapo&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=247&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approaches to assessing genetic risks from exposure to chemicals. AN - 36341177; 201002-31-0247198 (CE); 11701537 (EN) AB - An effort to assess and quantify genetic risks from human exposure to mutagenic chemicals is urgently needed; otherwise genetic toxicology may well lose its credibility. Genetic biomonitoring provides us with an indication of mutagenic effectiveness in human somatic cells. The populations and chemicals selected for such studies form a useful database for genetic risk-assessment studies. Extrapolation to what can be expected in germ cells of exposed individuals should be possible by using good dosimetry (adducts) and a parallelogram approach. The principle is that genetic damage in the inaccessible human germ cells can be estimated by determining the effects on lymphocytes (or other somatic cells) from humans and mice and in germ cells of mice. Worldwide, opportunities for the costly mouse germ cell studies are limited. Knowledge of type of DNA adducts, their persistence and/or removal and dominant lethal studies, will be helpful in predicting stage sensitivity. Extrapolation from a lowest effective dose level is proposed. The available data for ethylene oxide and benzene are reviewed. The risk of heritable translocations in progeny of populations exposed to ethylene oxide is so high that more precise estimates seem desirable. In discussing the expression of the induced mutations, the importance of dominant mutations and of heterozygous effects of deletions and other recessives is pointed out. The molecular changes underlying dominant mutations in man are more limited than is the case for recessive mutations. This raises the question whether mutagenic agents can produce the specific changes leading to recoverable, dominant mutations. Extrapolation from increased mutation rates to predictable increases of human disease, whether by doubling dose or direct methods, have been criticized. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Sobels, F H AD - Department of Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagenesis, Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden University, The Netherlands. PY - 1993 SP - 327 EP - 332 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Genetics KW - Mutations KW - Human KW - Risk KW - Extrapolation KW - Mice KW - Populations KW - Adducts KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36341177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Approaches+to+assessing+genetic+risks+from+exposure+to+chemicals.&rft.au=Sobels%2C+F+H&rft.aulast=Sobels&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peculiarities of carcinogenesis under simultaneous oral administration of benzo(a)pyrene and o-cresol in mice. AN - 36338613; 201002-31-0247195 (CE); 11701534 (EN) AB - A modifying influence of ortho-cresol (o-cresol) on the carcinogenic effect of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) with combined oral administration to CC57Br mice had been found. During simultaneous administration of o-cresol (1 mg) and BaP (1 mg), the incidence of tumors, the multiplicity of tumors, and the degree of malignancy all increased, but the latency was shortened. When o-cresol was administered before or after BaP (in identical doses), the carcinogenic effect was weakened. When o-cresol (10 mg) and BaP (5 mg) were administered simultaneously, the incidence of malignant tumors was similar to controls receiving BaP only (13.8%), indicating inhibition of carcinogenesis. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Yanysheva NYa AU - Balenko, N V AU - Chernichenko, I A AU - Babiy, V F AD - Ukrainian State Medical Center for Environmental Health, Kiev. PY - 1993 SP - 341 EP - 344 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Carcinogens KW - Tumors KW - Incidence KW - Mice KW - Receiving KW - Control equipment KW - Health KW - Inhibition KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36338613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Peculiarities+of+carcinogenesis+under+simultaneous+oral+administration+of+benzo%28a%29pyrene+and+o-cresol+in+mice.&rft.au=Yanysheva+NYa%3BBalenko%2C+N+V%3BChernichenko%2C+I+A%3BBabiy%2C+V+F&rft.aulast=Yanysheva+NYa&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal factors, medications, and drug exposure in congenital limb reduction defects. AN - 36332207; 201002-31-0247200 (CE); 11701539 (EN) AB - As part of an ongoing study on all limb reduction defects occurring among 1,213,913 consecutive live births in the province of British Columbia, Canada, during 1952-1984, cases with documented maternal drug exposure and chronic maternal diseases were analyzed separately. This population-based study was made possible through the existence of an ongoing Health Surveillance Registry, which documents all infants born with congenital, genetic, or chronically handicapping conditions in the province of British Columbia. Strict rules of confidentiality are obeyed. For this part of the analysis of limb reduction defects, cases with documented maternal illness, drug abuse, and exposure to environmental hazards early in pregnancy were analyzed as a separate group to identify specific, recurring patterns of anomalies. A total of 51 cases with possibly related maternal factors were identified. Among them were five cases with maternal epilepsy, four cases with documented maternal diabetes, and three cases with uterine anomalies. Three infants, all born in 1962, had documented thalidomide exposure. It is rarely possible to identify particular teratogenic factors or specific maternal factors as etiologically related to the pattern of limb reduction defects or a spectrum of congenital malformations. Exposure to environmental factors during pregnancy is not reliably registered and can thus only occasionally be ascertained in retrospective studies. This means that very large numbers of cases and cross-referencing to other family members are required to assess whether a potential teratogen is related to limb defects or not. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Froster, U G AU - Baird, P A AD - Klinik fur Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Medizinische Universitat zu Lubeck, Germany. PY - 1993 SP - 269 EP - 274 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Defects KW - Limbs KW - Reduction KW - Infants KW - Drugs KW - Pregnancy KW - British KW - Health KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36332207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Maternal+factors%2C+medications%2C+and+drug+exposure+in+congenital+limb+reduction+defects.&rft.au=Froster%2C+U+G%3BBaird%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Froster&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of cigarette-smoke-induced DNA adducts by butanol extraction and nuclease P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling in human lymphocytes and granulocytes. AN - 36331378; 201002-31-0247194 (CE); 11701533 (EN) AB - In an earlier study, we analyzed the aromatic DNA adducts separated from lymphocytes and granulocytes of smokers and nonsmokers using the nuclease P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling assay. Here we compare the butanol extraction and nuclease P1-enhanced procedure on the same kind of samples. The DNA adducts of 42 per 10(8) nucleotides from smokers' lymphocytes were statistically higher (p < 0.05) than those of 11 from nonsmokers', when analyzed by the nuclease P1 treatment, but not by the 1-butanol extraction. The radioactivity obtained from the DNA digests on the TLC plates was lower in butanol-treated DNA samples when compared to those of nuclease P1 digestion. Lymphocytes appear to be a suitable test tissue for determining aromatic carcinogen exposure when detecting smoking-related DNA adducts by the nuclease P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling analysis. Images FIGURE 1. FIGURE 2. FIGURE 3. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Savela, K AU - Hemminki, K AD - Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu, Helsinki, Finland. PY - 1993 SP - 145 EP - 150 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Nuclease KW - Adducts KW - Lymphocytes KW - Extraction KW - Statistical methods KW - Samples KW - Statistical analysis KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36331378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+cigarette-smoke-induced+DNA+adducts+by+butanol+extraction+and+nuclease+P1-enhanced+32P-postlabeling+in+human+lymphocytes+and+granulocytes.&rft.au=Savela%2C+K%3BHemminki%2C+K&rft.aulast=Savela&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mechanisms in cancer induction and prevention. AN - 36329209; 201002-31-0247188 (CE); 11701527 (EN) AB - Chemical and physical carcinogens, present in our environment and encountered in a variety of occupations, produce damage to DNA. X-rays produced direct ionizations and indirect hydroxyl radical attack. UV light in the short wavelength is specifically absorbed by unsaturated bonds in DNA, RNA, and proteins. There are a number of genetic sites that are specifically affected by environmental agents, and an increased sensitivity is found in certain genetic diseases. The development of a fully malignant tumor involves the activation or altered expression of oncogenes or the inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes that control normal cellular development. Mutations in the p53 tumor-suppressor gene are common in diverse types of cancer and could perhaps provide clues to the etiology of some cancers and to the effect of various environmental and occupational carcinogens in cancer development. The fact that environmental factors are involved to a great extent in cancer suggest that cancer may be preventable. Experimental as well as epidemiological data indicate that a variety of nutritional factors can act as anticarcinogens and inhibit the process of cancer development and reduce cancer risk. The interaction of cells with a number of environmental and occupational genotoxic substances such as X-rays, UV light, and a variety of chemicals including ozone results in an enhanced generation of free oxygen radicals and in modified pro-oxidant states. A number of nutritional factors such as vitamins A, C, E, beta-carotene, and micronutrients such as selenium act as antioxidants and anticarcinogens. Certain hormones such as thyroid hormones enhance oxidative processes and act as a co-transforming factor in carcinogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Images FIGURE 1. FIGURE 2. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Borek, C AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. PY - 1993 SP - 237 EP - 245 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Cancer KW - Carcinogens KW - Images KW - Hormones KW - Genetics KW - Occupational KW - Genes KW - Deoxyribonucleic acid KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36329209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Molecular+mechanisms+in+cancer+induction+and+prevention.&rft.au=Borek%2C+C&rft.aulast=Borek&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MedWatch: the FDA medical products reporting program. AN - 75971549; 8379493 JF - American family physician AU - Rheinstein, P H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD. Y1 - 1993/09/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Sep 15 SP - 636 EP - 638 VL - 48 IS - 4 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Equipment Safety KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75971549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+family+physician&rft.atitle=MedWatch%3A+the+FDA+medical+products+reporting+program.&rft.au=Rheinstein%2C+P+H&rft.aulast=Rheinstein&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-09-15&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=636&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+family+physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1993-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 75929309; 8360956 JF - JAMA AU - Nightingale, S L AD - Office of Health Affairs, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/09/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Sep 15 SP - 1290 VL - 270 IS - 11 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Methadyl Acetate KW - L59OC40KWJ KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Bioethics KW - Index Medicus KW - Biomedical and Behavioral Research KW - Legal Approach KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Sex Factors KW - Pregnant Women KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Federal Government KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Government Regulation KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- standards KW - Research Subjects KW - Methadyl Acetate -- therapeutic use KW - Patient Selection KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75929309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-09-15&rft.volume=270&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of high and low molecular weight forms of amphiregulin that differ in glycosylation and peptide core length. Evidence that the NH2-terminal region is not critical for bioactivity. AN - 75916620; 8360173 AB - Human amphiregulin (AR) is a polypeptide growth regulator which acts by binding to and activating the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor tyrosine kinase. AR consists of an EGF-like domain and an NH2-terminal extension which contains potential glycosylation sites and nuclear localization signals. Two high molecular weight species which had molecular masses of approximately 16.5 kDa (HMW-AR1 and HMW-AR2) and a approximately 9.5-kDa low molecular weight form (LMW-AR) were isolated from the conditioned medium of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells by sequential heparin affinity, immunoaffinity, and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography. HMW-AR1 and HMW-AR2 were found to possess complex or hybrid type N-linked oligosaccharide structures that contained sialic acid. Additionally, HMW-AR1 and HMW-AR2 contained the disaccharide, Gal beta(1-->3)GalNAc, linked to Ser/Thr residues. No carbohydrate moieties were detected in LMW-AR. Mapping of the peptide cores of these molecules using antipeptide antibodies revealed that HMW-AR1 and HMW-AR2 were intact molecules, whereas LMW-AR contained the EGF-like domain, but possessed a truncated NH2-terminal extension. LMW-AR, HMW-AR1, and HMW-AR2 were all found to be potent stimulators of DNA synthesis in MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells. These results suggest that the NH2-terminal region of the AR molecule is not critical to the ability of AR to activate the EGF receptor tyrosine kinase. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Johnson, G R AU - Prigent, S A AU - Gullick, W J AU - Stromberg, K AD - Division of Cytokine Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/09/05/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Sep 05 SP - 18835 EP - 18843 VL - 268 IS - 25 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - AREG protein, human KW - 0 KW - Amphiregulin KW - Culture Media, Conditioned KW - Disaccharides KW - EGF Family of Proteins KW - Glycoproteins KW - Growth Substances KW - Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins KW - Oligosaccharides KW - Sialic Acids KW - Epidermal Growth Factor KW - 62229-50-9 KW - Heparin KW - 9005-49-6 KW - N-Acetylneuraminic Acid KW - GZP2782OP0 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Peptide Mapping KW - Disaccharides -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Glycosylation KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Molecular Weight KW - Oligosaccharides -- analysis KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Oligosaccharides -- chemistry KW - Carbohydrate Conformation KW - Chemical Fractionation KW - Breast Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Chromatography, Affinity KW - Sialic Acids -- analysis KW - Epidermal Growth Factor -- chemistry KW - Carbohydrate Sequence KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Heparin -- metabolism KW - Growth Substances -- chemistry KW - Glycoproteins -- metabolism KW - Glycoproteins -- chemistry KW - Growth Substances -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75916620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+high+and+low+molecular+weight+forms+of+amphiregulin+that+differ+in+glycosylation+and+peptide+core+length.+Evidence+that+the+NH2-terminal+region+is+not+critical+for+bioactivity.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+G+R%3BPrigent%2C+S+A%3BGullick%2C+W+J%3BStromberg%2C+K&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-09-05&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=18835&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National adverse drug event reporting. AN - 76253969; 8135239 JF - American journal of hospital pharmacy AU - Kennedy, D L AU - Tanner, L A AU - Barash, D AU - Goetsch, R A AD - Office of the Commissioner, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 1913 EP - 1914 VL - 50 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9289, 0002-9289 KW - Galactans KW - 0 KW - Mannans KW - Plant Gums KW - guar gum KW - E89I1637KE KW - Labetalol KW - R5H8897N95 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Mannans -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Dietary Fiber -- adverse effects KW - Male KW - Labetalol -- adverse effects KW - Female KW - Esophageal Diseases -- etiology KW - Galactans -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76253969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+hospital+pharmacy&rft.atitle=National+adverse+drug+event+reporting.&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+D+L%3BTanner%2C+L+A%3BBarash%2C+D%3BGoetsch%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1913&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+hospital+pharmacy&rft.issn=00029289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-04-19 N1 - Date created - 1994-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synthesis of 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene bay-region trans-7,8-diol anti-9,10-epoxide and the corresponding N2-deoxyguanosine adduct. AN - 76167262; 8292736 AB - 3-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (3-nitro-BaP) is a potent mutagenic environmental contaminant, and its biological activities have been intensively studied. It is significant to prepare its reactive metabolites and the corresponding modified DNA adducts for biological studies. The synthesis of its oxidized proximate metabolite trans-7,8-dihydro-3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (3-nitro-BaP-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol, 1), its oxidized ultimate metabolite trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3- nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (3-nitro-BaP-DE, 2), and the corresponding DNA adduct 10-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-3- nitrobenzo[a]pyrene is described. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Fu, P P AU - Wu, Y S AU - Von Tungeln, L S AU - Lai, J S AU - Chiarelli, M P AU - Evans, F E AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. PY - 1993 SP - 603 EP - 608 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - 3-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide KW - 149559-16-0 KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide KW - 55097-80-8 KW - 10-N(2)-deoxyguanosine-3-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene-7,8,9-triol KW - 62624-73-1 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- analogs & derivatives KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- chemical synthesis KW - Mutagens -- chemical synthesis KW - Deoxyguanosine -- chemical synthesis KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76167262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+3-nitrobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+bay-region+trans-7%2C8-diol+anti-9%2C10-epoxide+and+the+corresponding+N2-deoxyguanosine+adduct.&rft.au=Fu%2C+P+P%3BWu%2C+Y+S%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+L+S%3BLai%2C+J+S%3BChiarelli%2C+M+P%3BEvans%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=603&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetics of cocaine in pregnant and nonpregnant rhesus monkeys. AN - 76137150; 8274818 AB - To determine pharmacokinetic parameters for cocaine in rhesus monkey plasma, samples were taken over several hours after i.m. administration of cocaine plus a tritiated cocaine tracer. Cocaine and its metabolites, benzoylecgonine and norcocaine, were isolated via HPLC and quantitated using liquid scintillation spectrometry. Pregnant subjects were dosed with cocaine at 0.3 (n = 3) or 1.0 (n = 3) mg/kg, whereas nonpregnant female subjects were dosed with 1.0 mg/kg (n = 3). For the pregnant subjects, pharmacokinetic studies were conducted on about gestational day 125 and areas under the concentration versus time curve (AUCs, ng/mL x h) were 64 +/- 26 (+/- SEM) and 143 +/- 12; half-lives (t1/2s, h) were 1.9 +/- 0.6 and 1.1 +/- 0.1 after 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg i.m., respectively. For nonpregnant subjects dosed acutely with 1.0 mg/kg, the AUC was 262 +/- 63 and the t1/2 was 1.4 +/- 0.3. There appear to be few differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of cocaine and benzoylecgonine between pregnant and nonpregnant monkeys in this study. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Duhart, H M AU - Fogle, C M AU - Gillam, M P AU - Bailey, J R AU - Slikker, W AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. PY - 1993 SP - 429 EP - 437 VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy, Animal -- metabolism KW - Cocaine -- urine KW - Cocaine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cocaine -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76137150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetics+of+cocaine+in+pregnant+and+nonpregnant+rhesus+monkeys.&rft.au=Duhart%2C+H+M%3BFogle%2C+C+M%3BGillam%2C+M+P%3BBailey%2C+J+R%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Duhart&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-08 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Children at work: prevention of occupational injury and disease. AN - 76078790; 8238032 AB - Because children are an isolated population that generally lacks a collective political voice, it is up to the rest of society to look after their well-being. The grim economic circumstances that plague impoverished nations around the world have resulted in many young children having to work to help their families survive. Often, these children have no choice but to work in dangerous places and under generally appalling conditions. Even in wealthy countries like the United States, the problems associated with child labor are a legitimate threat to our single most important investment for the future--the safety and health of our children. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Lemen, R A AU - Layne, L A AU - Castillo, D N AU - Lancashire, J H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Atlanta, GA 30333. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 325 EP - 330 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Employment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Employment -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Child Welfare -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76078790?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Children+at+work%3A+prevention+of+occupational+injury+and+disease.&rft.au=Lemen%2C+R+A%3BLayne%2C+L+A%3BCastillo%2C+D+N%3BLancashire%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Lemen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-09 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety limits for nutrient intakes: concepts and data requirements. AN - 76077400; 8247422 AB - The possible quantitative methods calculating safety limits for nutrient intakes are related conceptually to those used to calculate safe limits for exposure to environmental chemicals and to the therapeutic index used to assess the relative safety of drugs. The impact of using a fixed SF has been compared with the use of variable SFs. Of the methods identified, the SRM gives lower limits than does the MPM. However, neither of these methods calculates safety limits below the RDA, even for nutrients with narrow margins of safety. The acceptability criteria for toxicity data for use in identifying safety limits are an issue of major importance and must be resolved before calculated limits may be used to support policy or regulatory decisions. An advantage of adopting a standard formula involving systematically varying SFs to calculate safety limits is that the margin of safety below the expected range of toxicity for each nutrient would be systematic, without having the safety limit for any nutrient regress below its RDA. Once the data acceptability criteria were met, the safety limit would be identified objectively. The confidence in and reasonableness of safety limits, regardless of the method used to define them, will be enhanced if the objectives, data criteria, and the quantitative method have been agreed upon ahead of time by groups responsible for nutrition and health policy. Even with such agreement, the confidence in using such procedures to support policy decisions will be improved by the extent and quality of the data base on toxicity and adverse reactions associated with consumption of excessive levels of the nutrients under consideration. JF - Nutrition reviews AU - Hathcock, J N AD - Division of Science and Applied Technology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 278 EP - 285 VL - 51 IS - 9 SN - 0029-6643, 0029-6643 KW - Minerals KW - 0 KW - Vitamins KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Food Contamination KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- standards KW - Vitamins -- adverse effects KW - Minerals -- administration & dosage KW - Food, Fortified -- adverse effects KW - Vitamins -- administration & dosage KW - Minerals -- adverse effects KW - Food, Fortified -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76077400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+reviews&rft.atitle=Safety+limits+for+nutrient+intakes%3A+concepts+and+data+requirements.&rft.au=Hathcock%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Hathcock&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+reviews&rft.issn=00296643&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methyl bromide determination in selected foods by headspace technique. AN - 76072254; 8241812 AB - A headspace method used earlier for determining methyl bromide (MB) in assorted nuts and peanut butters has been successfully applied to other foods that could potentially contain traces of this toxic fumigant. The foods tested include 63 off-the-shelf spices and seasonings, 83 table-ready items (grain-based, dried, or highly seasoned), 30 dried fruits and trail mixes, and 38 oil-based items (oil-seeds, cooking oils, or spicy oil-based dressings). Sample headspace gas is produced by blending < or = 50 g sample in 250 +/- 50 mL aqueous solution in a sealed 1000 mL blender cup. After equilibration at 25 degrees C, the headspace is sampled with a gas-tight syringe and injected into a dual column-dual detector gas chromatograph. One determination is made with a 20% OV-101 packed column and a 63Ni electron capture detector (ECD), the other with a GS-Q wide-bore capillary column and a Hall electrolytic conductivity detector (HECD). Of the approximately 200 samples tested, none contained detectable MB residue at a quantitation limit < 100 ng/g sample. All fortified samples yielded MB recovery. Samples were fortified at levels ranging from 78 to 3250 ng MB/g. Recoveries ranged from a mean high of 56% for spices and seasonings to a mean low of 30% for oil-based foods. The overall recovery and CV, including the results from assorted nuts and peanut butters, were 46 and 33%, respectively. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Daft, J L AD - Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Kansas City, MO 64106. PY - 1993 SP - 1083 EP - 1091 VL - 76 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated KW - 0 KW - methyl bromide KW - 9V42E1Z7B6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Arachis -- chemistry KW - Nuts -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Hydrocarbons, Brominated -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76072254?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Methyl+bromide+determination+in+selected+foods+by+headspace+technique.&rft.au=Daft%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Daft&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1083&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-06 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Problems in assessing the relative predictive value of internal markers versus external exposure in chronic disease epidemiology. AN - 76040252; 8220095 AB - Epidemiology traditionally has relied on measures of "external" exposure in determining the association between exposure and disease. Recently, there has been increasing reliance on internal markers reflecting internal dose and/or early stages of disease. In the context of observational studies of chronic disease in which there is a known exposure-disease association, the question arises whether the external exposure or the internal marker is a better predictor of eventual disease outcome. Here we describe some simple approaches to evaluate the relative predictive value of the internal marker (or biomarker, defined in the most general sense) versus the exposure, as well as their limitations. The problems of assessing the predictive value of internal markers for chronic disease are illustrated via two examples: (a) carcinogens, cytogenetic outcomes, and cancer; and (b) asbestos, asbestosis, and lung cancer. We conclude that it is unlikely that observational epidemiology will allow a full assessment of the predictive value of cytogenetic outcomes versus exposure for cancer in humans exposed to known carcinogens in the near future, although animal studies could provide important complementary information. For asbestos, data to date indicate that the presence or absence of asbestosis is a better predictor of lung cancer in an exposed population than is the level of exposure to asbestos itself. In general, the most useful markers for predicting chronic disease are ones which persist over time. JF - Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology AU - Steenland, K AU - Tucker, J AU - Salvan, A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. PY - 1993 SP - 487 EP - 491 VL - 2 IS - 5 SN - 1055-9965, 1055-9965 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Causality KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Models, Statistical KW - Forecasting KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Chronic Disease -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76040252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.atitle=Problems+in+assessing+the+relative+predictive+value+of+internal+markers+versus+external+exposure+in+chronic+disease+epidemiology.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BTucker%2C+J%3BSalvan%2C+A&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.issn=10559965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple levels of response in carcinogenicity bioassays: regulational variation among viable yellow (Avy/-) mice. AN - 76037468; 8218437 AB - Within genetically identical inbred and F1 hybrid test animal populations there exist subpopulations with different levels of sensitivity to induction of toxic endpoints, e.g., neoplasms, in response to toxicant exposure. These subpopulations differ from each other by other phenotypic characteristics as well. Presumably, these differences reflect alterations in the quantitative expression of some genes. These alterations are most probably directly or indirectly induced by subtle prenatal, neonatal or postnatal changes in endogenous microenvironmental conditions or factors. Such subpopulations have been identified within a population of agouti A/a and mottled yellow Avy/A (C3H x VY)F1 hybrid male mice. In these subpopulations differential body weight gain and formation of multiple liver adenomas in response to phenobarbital treatment were correlated with altered constitutive and inducible hepatic drug-metabolizing isozyme activities. These subpopulations could be identified by body weight as early as weaning age. In a different population of (YS x VY)F1 hybrid female mice, three phenotypes with different patterns of sensitivity to liver and lung tumor formation form visually separable phenotypic subpopulations by postnatal day 7. Two of these phenotypes, obese mottled yellow and lean pseudoagouti, are genetically identical (genotype: Avy/a), while the third phenotype, lean black a/a, differs from the others by just the Avy allele. The yellow and pseudoagouti mice, fed lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane) for 24 months, differed with respect to liver tumor incidence but had similar incidences of lung tumors. In contrast, the black mice, fed lindane, were totally resistant to both types of tumors. Analyses of phenotypic variation within other inbred or F1 hybrid populations have identified analogous subpopulations. In carcinogenicity assays this phenotypic variability can be used to mimic differential sensitivity to toxicant exposure among individuals in human populations. Data obtained from such phenotypic subpopulations should assist in improving risk assessment efforts. JF - Journal of experimental animal science AU - Wolff, G L AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 221 EP - 231 VL - 35 IS - 5-6 SN - 0939-8600, 0939-8600 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Genetic Variation KW - Animals KW - Animals, Genetically Modified -- genetics KW - Mice KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Male KW - Female KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Mice, Mutant Strains -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76037468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+experimental+animal+science&rft.atitle=Multiple+levels+of+response+in+carcinogenicity+bioassays%3A+regulational+variation+among+viable+yellow+%28Avy%2F-%29+mice.&rft.au=Wolff%2C+G+L&rft.aulast=Wolff&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+experimental+animal+science&rft.issn=09398600&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of imported green coffee beans for pesticide residues. AN - 76031151; 8224325 AB - The US Food and Drug Administration carries out incidence/level monitoring in order to acquire data on the presence and amounts of pesticide residues in particular commodity/chemical combinations. In the survey reported here, imported green coffee beans were analysed for a variety of pesticide chemicals. A total of 60 green coffee samples were collected from 21 countries that are major exporters of coffee to the United States. The samples were analysed for organochlorine/organophosphorus, N-methyl carbamate, benomyl group and EBDC residues. Four samples had detectable residues: chlorpyrifos, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 ppm and pirimiphos-methyl, 0.01 ppm. The majority (93%) of the green coffee samples analysed in this survey had no detectable pesticide residues. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Jacobs, R M AU - Yess, N J AD - Food and Drug Administration, San Francisco, CA 94102. PY - 1993 SP - 575 EP - 577 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Coffee KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Coffee -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76031151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Survey+of+imported+green+coffee+beans+for+pesticide+residues.&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+R+M%3BYess%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=575&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of hepatitis A virus in Mercenaria mercenaria by coupled reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. AN - 76009016; 8215351 AB - Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a major cause of infectious hepatitis in humans. In this respect, bivalve mollusks pose a major health concern because they are filter feeders and can concentrate the virus up to 900-fold from contaminated water. Detection of HAV has been hampered because wild-type HAV grows poorly if at all in cell culture. Here we describe a technique for the detection of HAV in shellfish based on reverse transcription coupled with the polymerase chain reaction. RNA is isolated from hard-shell clam tissue and reverse transcribed with avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase. A portion of the cDNA pool is then amplified with primers specific for HAV. In experiments with an in vitro-synthesized HAV transcript, we were able to detect HAV sequence in the presence of a 200-million-fold excess of shellfish RNA. When intact virus was added to shellfish tissue before the isolation of RNA, the method was capable of detecting 10 viral RNA molecules in a reaction mixture. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Goswami, B B AU - Koch, W H AU - Cebula, T A AD - Division of Molecular Biological Research and Evaluation, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 2765 EP - 2770 VL - 59 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Viral KW - RNA, Viral KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Hepatitis A -- transmission KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - RNA, Viral -- genetics KW - DNA, Viral -- genetics KW - Bivalvia -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- statistics & numerical data KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Hepatovirus -- isolation & purification KW - Hepatovirus -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76009016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+hepatitis+A+virus+in+Mercenaria+mercenaria+by+coupled+reverse+transcription+and+polymerase+chain+reaction.&rft.au=Goswami%2C+B+B%3BKoch%2C+W+H%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Goswami&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Clin Microbiol. 1983 May;17(5):834-9 [6306048] J Gen Virol. 1992 Jun;73 ( Pt 6):1365-77 [1318940] J Clin Microbiol. 1986 Mar;23(3):434-40 [3007565] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Oct;52(4):711-7 [3022645] J Virol. 1987 Jan;61(1):50-9 [3023706] Methods Enzymol. 1987;152:288-96 [3657574] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Oct;53(10):2487-95 [2447830] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Dec;53(12):2967-71 [2829721] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Dec;86(24):9717-21 [2481313] J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Mar;28(3):438-42 [2157735] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Apr;87(8):2867-71 [2158093] Biochemistry. 1990 Nov 13;29(45):10351-6 [1979752] Biochemistry. 1991 Aug 6;30(31):7661-6 [1714296] Biotechniques. 1991 May;10(5):626-30 [1910780] Am J Public Health. 1991 Oct;81(10):1268-72 [1928524] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Oct;57(10):2963-8 [1660697] N Engl J Med. 1985 Oct 24;313(17):1059-67 [2413356] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Naturally occurring toxins in feedstuffs: Center for Veterinary Medicine Perspective. AN - 75991784; 8407668 AB - The objectives of this review are to provide 1) information on the FDA Feed Contaminants Program, 2) the legal history of aflatoxins and their current action levels, 3) a report on the levels of aflatoxins, fumonisins, vomitoxin, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone in domestic and import surveillance samples of feed during fiscal years 1989 through 1992, and 4) information on naturally occurring toxins encountered recently by the Center for Veterinary Medicine. Ten of 644 (1.6%) domestic corn samples and 7 of 106 (6.6%) domestic cottonseed samples contained aflatoxins at levels > 300 ppb. The mean fumonisin level in the 1990 survey of 85 corn screening samples was 12.1 ppm, and the values ranged from 2.6 to 32 ppm. The mean vomitoxin levels in the 1991 survey of 207 winter wheat samples and 206 spring wheat samples was 2.4 and .9 ppm, respectively. Ochratoxin A was not detected in 168 samples. Zearalenone was detected at levels > .15 ppm in only 1 of 161 samples. Cottonseed containing 13,000 ppm gossypol was recently implicated in the deaths of dairy cows. Crambe meal and canola meal are sanctioned for use in feed with certain restrictions, including the levels of glucosinolates. The FDA is continuing its surveillance and will strive to provide guidance on the increasing number of naturally occurring toxins. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Price, W D AU - Lovell, R A AU - McChesney, D G AD - Division of Animal Feeds, Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Rockville, MD 20855. Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 2556 EP - 2562 VL - 71 IS - 9 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Alkaloids KW - Erucic Acids KW - Fumonisins KW - Glucosinolates KW - Mycotoxins KW - Ochratoxins KW - Toxins, Biological KW - Trichothecenes KW - erucic acid KW - 075441GMF2 KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Zearalenone KW - 5W827M159J KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Gossypol KW - KAV15B369O KW - Index Medicus KW - Ochratoxins -- analysis KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Erucic Acids -- analysis KW - Glucosinolates -- analysis KW - Gossypol -- analysis KW - Zearalenone -- analysis KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Alkaloids -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Animals, Domestic KW - Food Contamination KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Toxins, Biological -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75991784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Naturally+occurring+toxins+in+feedstuffs%3A+Center+for+Veterinary+Medicine+Perspective.&rft.au=Price%2C+W+D%3BLovell%2C+R+A%3BMcChesney%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of IL-12 on the generation of cytotoxic activity in human CD8+ T lymphocytes. AN - 75917892; 8103066 AB - We have studied the effects of human rIL-12 on the proliferation and generation of cytotoxic activity in human CTL precursors. Purified human blood CD8+ T lymphocytes were stimulated overnight with immobilized alpha-CD3 and cultured 3 to 4 additional days under various conditions. The addition of IL-12 resulted in a marked (10- to 20-fold), dose-dependent, augmentation of cytotoxicity per cell with a smaller (2-fold) increase in cell number. IL-12 augmentation of proliferation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells was not inhibited by a mAb to the p55 subunit of the IL-2 receptor (alpha-Tac) at a concentration sufficient to block the activity of exogenously added IL-2, indicating that the activity of IL-12 did not require IL-2. Addition of IL-12 at the time of alpha-CD3 activation or 1 day later was highly effective at augmenting cytotoxicity, whereas delayed addition of IL-12 (day 2 or 3) resulted in a smaller increase in CTL activity with no increase in cell number. IL-12 at all doses tested synergized with low dose IL-2 in inducing the proliferation and differentiation of CD8+ T cells. The synergistic effect was not blocked by adding neutralizing serum to IFN-gamma. In contrast to this synergistic effect, IL-12 significantly inhibited the proliferation observed in the presence of higher concentrations of IL-2 (4,500 and 13,500 pg/ml). An inhibitory effect of IL-12 was also observed when IL-12 was added to CD8+ T lymphocytes 3 days subsequent to activation with alpha-CD3 and IL-2. This broad set of potent effects of IL-12 on CD8+ T cell responses suggests that IL-12 may play an important immunoregulatory role on CTL development in vivo and may be a useful tool for manipulating this process in vivo for investigational and immunotherapeutic purposes. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Mehrotra, P T AU - Wu, D AU - Crim, J A AU - Mostowski, H S AU - Siegel, J P AD - Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/09/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Sep 01 SP - 2444 EP - 2452 VL - 151 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Antigens, CD8 KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Interleukins KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Interleukin-12 KW - 187348-17-0 KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Interleukin-2 -- pharmacology KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Interleukin-4 -- pharmacology KW - Drug Synergism KW - Interleukins -- pharmacology KW - Antigens, CD8 -- analysis KW - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic -- immunology KW - Cytotoxicity, Immunologic -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75917892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Effects+of+IL-12+on+the+generation+of+cytotoxic+activity+in+human+CD8%2B+T+lymphocytes.&rft.au=Mehrotra%2C+P+T%3BWu%2C+D%3BCrim%2C+J+A%3BMostowski%2C+H+S%3BSiegel%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Mehrotra&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-09-01&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-28 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - December 1993 National Drunk and Drugged Driving (3D) Prevention Month: Program Planner. AN - 62799101; ED362802 AB - This program planner's kit is based on the experiences of the first 12 years of the National Drunk and Drugged Driving (3D) Prevention Month program and provides practical advice to help readers plan activities for this year's campaign. Included in the kit is a background and resource guide that explains the background and goals of the program and how to launch 3D Month activities. The guide also includes a corporate guide and summary of state and local activities during National 3D Prevention Month in December of 1992. Lists are provided of groups, organizations, and programs involved with impaired driving issues; governors' highway safety representatives; National Highway Traffic Safety Administration regional offices; National Prevention Network state designees; and regional alcohol and drug awareness resource network state centers. The guide concludes with a National 3D Prevention Month feedback form. Also included in the planner's kit are factsheets on .08 blood alcohol concentration, administrative license revocation, zero tolerance for youth, the cost of alcohol-related traffic crash injuries, and safety belts. One sheet suggests talking points for local speeches and interviews. Forms on press relations describe press releases and public service announcements, and provide sample opinion editorials. A proclamation for National 3D Prevention Month is provided, as are sheets of relevant camera-ready artwork. (NB) Y1 - 1993/09// PY - 1993 DA - September 1993 SP - 60 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Drinking KW - Zero Tolerance Policy KW - Traffic Safety KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Accidents KW - Driving While Intoxicated KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62799101?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Is QT interval prolongation harmful? A regulatory perspective. AN - 76120456; 8256756 AB - Drugs that prolong the QT interval may increase the risk of torsades de pointes, a potentially lethal ventricular arrhythmia. In recent years, spontaneous reports have highlighted these complications in patients receiving certain antihistamines (e.g., terfenadine or astemizole) or an agent for the treatment of incontinence (terodiline). Examination of these reports has revealed that hepatic disease or concomitant therapy with ketoconazole or macrolide antibiotics may increase the risk of QT prolongation or torsades in patients receiving terfenadine. In patients receiving astemizole, doses exceeding that recommended or concomitant therapy with ketoconazole or macrolide antibiotics have been implicated in the increased risk of these complications. With terodiline (which remains investigational in the United States), the risk of QT prolongation and torsades are of particular concern in the frail elderly, who are most likely to be treated with this agent. A possible explanation for the elevated risk may be marked increases in the elimination half-life and serum level of the drug in this group. The lessons learned from the experiences with these drugs hold implications for the future development of agents that prolong the QT interval and suggest the need for dose-response relation data and metabolic evaluations to define the subpopulations at particular risk. JF - The American journal of cardiology AU - Botstein, P AD - Office of Drug Evaluation I, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1993/08/26/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Aug 26 SP - 50B EP - 52B VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9149, 0002-9149 KW - Butylamines KW - 0 KW - terodiline KW - 70KG06964W KW - Terfenadine KW - 7BA5G9Y06Q KW - Astemizole KW - 7HU6337315 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Urinary Incontinence -- drug therapy KW - Terfenadine -- adverse effects KW - Butylamines -- adverse effects KW - Astemizole -- adverse effects KW - Torsades de Pointes -- chemically induced KW - Electrocardiography -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76120456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+cardiology&rft.atitle=Is+QT+interval+prolongation+harmful%3F+A+regulatory+perspective.&rft.au=Botstein%2C+P&rft.aulast=Botstein&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-08-26&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=50B&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+cardiology&rft.issn=00029149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A viewpoint on drugs that prolong the QTc interval. AN - 76116613; 8256757 AB - Insufficient evidence exists to suggest that prolongation of the QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) is necessarily beneficial. In all but life-threatening situations, QTc prolongation resulting from pharmacologic agents must be considered a risk. Because dose-response relations for torsades de pointes cannot be established and because prolongation of the QTc interval is thought to precede the development of torsades, it is reasonable to assume that the QTc prolongation itself constitutes the marker of risk. An assessment of the relation between the dose of a given drug and its effect on the QTc interval will aid in making the judgment that the potential benefit outweighs the risk. Ideally, a drug should demonstrate as wide a safety margin as possible, as reflected in a large separation between the ED50 value associated with therapeutic benefit and that associated with QTc prolongation. JF - The American journal of cardiology AU - Lipicky, R J AD - Division of Cardio-Renal Drug Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1993/08/26/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Aug 26 SP - 53B EP - 54B VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9149, 0002-9149 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Torsades de Pointes -- chemically induced KW - Electrocardiography -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76116613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+cardiology&rft.atitle=A+viewpoint+on+drugs+that+prolong+the+QTc+interval.&rft.au=Lipicky%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Lipicky&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-08-26&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=53B&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+cardiology&rft.issn=00029149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Surgeon General, US Public Health Service. AN - 75863555; 8340968 JF - JAMA AU - Novello, A C AD - Office of the Surgeon General, Washington, DC 20201. Y1 - 1993/08/18/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Aug 18 SP - 806 VL - 270 IS - 7 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Plants, Toxic KW - United States Public Health Service KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Industry -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Tobacco KW - Tobacco Use Disorder -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75863555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Surgeon+General%2C+US+Public+Health+Service.&rft.au=Novello%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Novello&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-08-18&rft.volume=270&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-31 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MedWatch: the new medical products reporting program. AN - 76089967; 8256839 JF - The American journal of nursing AU - Couig, M P AU - Merkatz, R B AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 65 EP - 68 VL - 93 IS - 8 SN - 0002-936X, 0002-936X KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - United States KW - Societies, Nursing KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - Equipment and Supplies -- adverse effects KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76089967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+nursing&rft.atitle=MedWatch%3A+the+new+medical+products+reporting+program.&rft.au=Couig%2C+M+P%3BMerkatz%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Couig&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+nursing&rft.issn=0002936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-12 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of caloric restriction on aflatoxin B1-induced DNA synthesis, AFB1-DNA binding and cell proliferation in Fischer 344 rats. AN - 76060766; 8231286 AB - Young adult male Fischer rats maintained on a reduced calorie diet (60% of ad libitum food consumption) for 6 weeks showed a decrease in the binding of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to hepatic or renal nuclear DNA and a reduction of AFB1-induced hepatocellular damage. Repeated dosing of rats with AFB1 resulted in the inhibition of hepatic and renal DNA synthesis measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. However, the rate of DNA synthesis was greater in ad libitum (AL) rats than in calorically restricted (CR) animals. Three days after AFB1 dosing, the rate of DNA synthesis had recovered to the control level. Cell cycle analyses measured by a flow cytometric method on kidney cells of both AL and CR rats showed that there were no significant changes in cell populations in the S phase between these two groups of rats. AFB1 inhibited the cell proliferation on an average of 33%. The restoration of the cell proliferation in kidney cells was found on the third day after AFB1 dosing. The rate of the regenerative cell proliferation was found to be slightly greater in AL rats than in CR animals. The AFB1-induced regenerative DNA synthesis in both liver and kidney was retarded by CR. JF - Mechanisms of ageing and development AU - Chou, M W AU - Lu, M H AU - Pegram, R A AU - Gao, P AU - Cao, S AU - Kong, J AU - Hart, R W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/08/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Aug 01 SP - 23 EP - 33 VL - 70 IS - 1-2 SN - 0047-6374, 0047-6374 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Male KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Diet, Reducing KW - Cell Division -- physiology KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- toxicity KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76060766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mechanisms+of+ageing+and+development&rft.atitle=Effect+of+caloric+restriction+on+aflatoxin+B1-induced+DNA+synthesis%2C+AFB1-DNA+binding+and+cell+proliferation+in+Fischer+344+rats.&rft.au=Chou%2C+M+W%3BLu%2C+M+H%3BPegram%2C+R+A%3BGao%2C+P%3BCao%2C+S%3BKong%2C+J%3BHart%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mechanisms+of+ageing+and+development&rft.issn=00476374&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of oxidative single- and double-strand breaks in DNA by ferric citrate. AN - 75957833; 8397139 AB - The relative risk of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in genetic hemochromatosis (GH) is estimated at over 200 times as that of control populations. Recently, ferric ion chelated to citrate (Fe-citrate) was identified as the major non-transferrin-bound iron in the serum of GH patients. We investigated whether low concentration of Fe-citrate plus reductant could damage supercoiled plasmid DNA under physiological pH and ionic strength. Incubation of Fe-citrate with either H2O2, L-ascorbate, or L-cysteine induced single- and double-strand breaks in supercoiled plasmid pZ189 in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. DNA strand breaks produced by Fe-citrate plus H2O2 increased at reduced pH (< or = 6.9). Catalase and free radical scavengers inhibited the DNA breakage produced by Fe-citrate in combination with each reductant, suggesting that H2O2 and finally .OH are responsible DNA damaging species. The catalytic ability of Fe-citrate to induce DNA strand breaks, particularly double-strand breaks (DSBs), may contribute to the carcinogenic processes observed in GH. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Toyokuni, S AU - Sagripanti, J L AD - Molecular Biology Branch, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 117 EP - 123 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - DNA, Superhelical KW - 0 KW - Ferric Compounds KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - ferric citrate KW - 63G354M39Z KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Deferoxamine KW - J06Y7MXW4D KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Osmolar Concentration KW - Cysteine -- pharmacology KW - Superoxides -- pharmacology KW - Deferoxamine -- pharmacology KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Plasmids KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Catalase -- pharmacology KW - DNA, Superhelical -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage KW - Ferric Compounds -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75957833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Induction+of+oxidative+single-+and+double-strand+breaks+in+DNA+by+ferric+citrate.&rft.au=Toyokuni%2C+S%3BSagripanti%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Toyokuni&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1993-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fluoro-gold and pentamidine inhibit the in vitro and in vivo release of dopamine in the striatum of rat. AN - 75900806; 8355181 AB - Fluoro-Gold (FG), first developed as an antifungal/antiparasitic agent, is now also used extensively as a retrograde tracer in histological studies of nervous tissue. The fact that FG is taken up by dopamine (DA) terminals before its retrograde transport to DA cell bodies implies a presynaptic interaction, though the biochemical target(s) and mechanism(s) are unknown. To further elucidate, FG and another aromatic diamidine, pentamidine, were tested on [3H]DA release and uptake in vitro from striatal slices and synaptosomes. Neither compound affected [3H]DA uptake in synaptosomes and slices, and neither inhibited DA efflux mediated through reversal of DA uptake mechanisms. NMDA-mediated glutamate-evoked DA release was completely inhibited by either FG (IC50 approximately 3 microM) or pentamidine (IC50 approximately 1 microM), and 20 mM K(+)-evoked DA release was inhibited by similar concentrations but only to 60% of control. Arginine (up to 500 microM) and spermidine (200 microM) failed to reverse 33 microM FG inhibition of either the spontaneous or the glutamate-evoked DA release, indicating that FG inhibition of release was not necessarily via blockade of either nitric oxide generation or spermidine binding to NMDA receptors. Interestingly, FG (33 microM) and pentamidine (10 microM) inhibited 1 and 5 microM D-methamphetamine (METH)-evoked [3H]DA release to approximately 50% of control, and in striatal synaptosomes, FG (33 microM) and pentamidine (10 microM) inhibited 5 microM METH- and 1.25 mM Ca(++)-evoked DA release. Additionally, in vivo brain microdialysis supported the in vitro results; 100 microM FG in the microdialysis buffer inhibited 70% of the increase in extracellular DA in the striatum produced by 2.5 mg/kg METH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Gough, B AU - Broening, H W AU - Newport, G D AU - Schmued, L AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 1066 EP - 1074 VL - 266 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - 2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene, methanesulfonate salt KW - 0 KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Stilbamidines KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Pentamidine KW - 673LC5J4LQ KW - Reserpine KW - 8B1QWR724A KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Reserpine -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Potassium -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Dopamine -- secretion KW - Corpus Striatum -- secretion KW - Pentamidine -- pharmacology KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Fluorescent Dyes -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75900806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Fluoro-gold+and+pentamidine+inhibit+the+in+vitro+and+in+vivo+release+of+dopamine+in+the+striatum+of+rat.&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BGough%2C+B%3BBroening%2C+H+W%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BSchmued%2C+L&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-08-01&rft.volume=266&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1066&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Children of Alcoholics: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs Resource Guide. AN - 62712467; ED383984 AB - This resource guide contains a list of materials for professionals working with children of alcoholics. The information is divided into four sections: (1) prevention materials that include coping with an alcoholic or drug-abusing parent, kids talking to kids, and networking; (2) curricula including learning to live drug free, and resources for the school setting); (3) studies, articles, and reports on children of alcoholics including research on children of alcoholics, protecting children of alcoholics, and self-perception of children of alcoholics; and (4) a list of groups, programs, and organization that support children of alcoholics. (JE) Y1 - 1993/08// PY - 1993 DA - August 1993 SP - 28 KW - Children of Alcoholics KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Drinking KW - Prevention KW - Health Materials KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Curriculum KW - Family Problems KW - Alcoholism KW - Early Intervention KW - Resource Materials KW - Alcohol Education KW - Child Welfare KW - Drinking KW - Prevention KW - Health Materials KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Curriculum KW - Family Problems KW - Alcoholism KW - Early Intervention KW - Resource Materials KW - Alcohol Education KW - Child Welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62712467?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For a related document, see CG 026 279. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a DNA binding domain in the C-terminus of HIV-1 integrase by deletion mutagenesis. AN - 75891772; 8346030 AB - The integrase (IN) protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) catalyzes site-specific cleavage of 2 bases from the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence yet it binds DNA with little DNA sequence specificity. We have previously demonstrated that the C-terminal half of IN (amino acids 154-288) possesses a DNA binding domain. In order to further characterize this region, a series of clones expressing truncated forms of IN as N-terminal fusion proteins in E.coli were constructed and analyzed by Southwestern blotting. Proteins containing amino acids 1-263, 1-248 and 170-288 retained the ability to bind DNA, whereas a protein containing amino acids 1-180 showed no detectable DNA binding. This defines a DNA binding domain contained within amino acids 180-248. This region contains an arrangement of 9 lysine and arginine residues each separated by 2-4 amino acids (KxxxKxxxKxxxxRxxxRxxRxxxxKxxxKxxxK), spanning amino acids 211-244, which is conserved in all HIV-1 isolates. A clone expressing full-length IN with a C-terminal fusion of 16 amino acids was able to bind DNA comparably to a cloned protein with a free C-terminus, and an IN-specific monoclonal antibody which recognizes an epitope contained within amino acids 264-279 was unable to block DNA binding, supporting the evidence that a region necessary for binding lies upstream of amino acid 264. JF - Nucleic acids research AU - Woerner, A M AU - Marcus-Sekura, C J AD - Division of Viral Products, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/07/25/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jul 25 SP - 3507 EP - 3511 VL - 21 IS - 15 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - DNA Probes KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - DNA Nucleotidyltransferases KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Integrases KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Plasmids KW - Binding Sites KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Gene Deletion KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Blotting, Western KW - Transfection KW - Blotting, Southern KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - DNA Nucleotidyltransferases -- genetics KW - HIV-1 -- enzymology KW - DNA Nucleotidyltransferases -- chemistry KW - Mutagenesis KW - DNA Nucleotidyltransferases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75891772?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+acids+research&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+DNA+binding+domain+in+the+C-terminus+of+HIV-1+integrase+by+deletion+mutagenesis.&rft.au=Woerner%2C+A+M%3BMarcus-Sekura%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Woerner&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-07-25&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=3507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+acids+research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-07 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Mol Cell Biol. 1992 May;12(5):2331-8 [1314954] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1992 Feb;8(2):297-304 [1540416] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jul 15;89(14):6580-4 [1631159] J Biol Chem. 1992 Aug 15;267(23):16037-40 [1322888] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 1;89(15):6741-5 [1323118] J Virol. 1992 Nov;66(11):6361-9 [1404595] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Oct 15;89(20):9598-602 [1409671] J Virol. 1992 Dec;66(12):7414-9 [1433523] J Virol. 1993 Jan;67(1):425-37 [8416376] Nature. 1985 Jan 24-30;313(6000):277-84 [2578615] J Virol. 1986 Jun;58(3):970-4 [3009900] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Oct;83(20):7648-52 [2429313] Gene. 1986;48(2-3):183-93 [2881844] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988 Feb 28;949(2):213-23 [2449245] J Mol Biol. 1988 Sep 5;203(1):131-9 [3054118] Virology. 1988 Dec;167(2):634-8 [3059679] Genes Dev. 1989 Apr;3(4):469-78 [2721960] Cell. 1989 Jul 14;58(1):47-54 [2546673] J Virol. 1989 Dec;63(12):5319-27 [2555556] Cell. 1990 Jan 12;60(1):3-4 [2403842] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1990 Mar;6(3):317-27 [1692722] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jul;87(13):5119-23 [2164223] J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1990;3(9):839-51 [2166782] Cell. 1990 Aug 24;62(4):829-37 [2167180] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Aug 16;170(3):1061-6 [2202296] J Virol. 1990 Oct;64(10):4709-17 [2204722] Cell. 1990 Oct 5;63(1):87-95 [2170022] J Virol. 1991 Mar;65(3):1160-7 [1847445] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Feb 15;88(4):1339-43 [1847518] J Virol. 1991 Apr;65(4):1910-5 [2002549] AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1990 Dec;6(12):1399-408 [2078417] Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Feb 25;19(4):851-60 [1850126] Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Jul 25;19(14):3821-7 [1861975] Cell. 1991 Dec 20;67(6):1211-21 [1760846] Science. 1992 Feb 7;255(5045):723-6 [1738845] Virology. 1992 Jun;188(2):459-68 [1585629] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic analysis of antibacterial drug residues in food products of animal origin. AN - 75920325; 8360305 AB - This paper reviews recent developments in the liquid chromatographic (LC) methods of analysis for the residues of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, beta-lactams, etc.) in food products of animal origin. The review also covers clean-up procedures, such as, ultrafiltration, liquid-liquid partition, solid-phase extraction, immunoaffinity, and matrix solid-phase dispersion, for use as extraction, deproteination, and concentration steps. The LC methods offer considerable potential for rapid automated analysis, and some may be used as direct screening for residues in meat and milk. JF - Journal of chromatography AU - Shaikh, B AU - Moats, W A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Beltsville, MD 20705. Y1 - 1993/07/23/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jul 23 SP - 369 EP - 378 VL - 643 IS - 1-2 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Meat -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75920325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+analysis+of+antibacterial+drug+residues+in+food+products+of+animal+origin.&rft.au=Shaikh%2C+B%3BMoats%2C+W+A&rft.aulast=Shaikh&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-07-23&rft.volume=643&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Teratogenic potential of FD&C Red No. 3 when given by gavage. AN - 76176555; 8296313 AB - FD&C Red No. 3 (erythrosine) is a commonly used food additive. As part of a series of studies on the potential fetal developmental effects of food colors, FD&C Red No. 3 was administered by gavage to pregnant Osborne-Mendel rats at daily dose levels of 15, 30, 100, 200, 400, or 800 mg/kg on days 0-19 of gestation. Control animals were given distilled water by gavage. On gestation day 20, the animals were euthanized and cesarean sections were performed. During the entire treatment period, feed consumption by the animals given 400 mg/kg doses was increased significantly; the increases in the animals given 30 or 800 mg/kg were of borderline significance. The only significant increase in maternal weight gain, on days 0-7 in the animals given 30 mg/kg, was considered a random occurrence. No dose-related changes were seen in maternal clinical findings, implantations, fetal viability, or fetal size (weight and length). No fetal terata were seen, and neither skeletal nor visceral development was affected. FD&C Red No. 3 was neither fetotoxic nor teratogenic at 800 mg/kg when given by gavage. JF - Toxicology and industrial health AU - Collins, T F AU - Black, T N AU - Ruggles, D I AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 605 EP - 616 VL - 9 IS - 4 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Erythrosine KW - PN2ZH5LOQY KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Intubation, Gastrointestinal KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Pregnancy KW - Erythrosine -- administration & dosage KW - Erythrosine -- toxicity KW - Food Additives -- administration & dosage KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Food Additives -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76176555?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.atitle=Teratogenic+potential+of+FD%26amp%3BC+Red+No.+3+when+given+by+gavage.&rft.au=Collins%2C+T+F%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BRuggles%2C+D+I&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+industrial+health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of BALB/c-3T3 cells: IV. Rank-ordered potency of 24 chemical responses detected in a sensitive new assay procedure. AN - 76108170; 8243401 AB - This report introduces an improved method of detecting chemical-induced morphological transformation of A-31-1-13 BALB/c-3T3 cells. The new procedure uses an increased target cell population to assess chemical-induced damage by increasing the initial seeding density and by delaying the initiation time of chemical treatment. Furthermore, a newly developed co-culture clonal survival assay was used to select chemical doses for the transformation assay. This assay measured the relative cloning efficiency (RCE) of chemical treatments in high-density cell cultures. In addition, transformation assay sensitivity was enhanced through the use of improved methods to solubilize many chemicals. From a group of 24 chemicals tested in at least two trials, clear evidence of chemical-induced transformation was detected for 12 chemicals (aphidicolin, barium chloride-2H2O, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, C.I. direct blue 15, trans-cinnamaldehyde, cytosine arabinoside, diphenylnitrosamine, manganese sulfate-H2O, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, mezerein, riddelliine, and 2,6-xylidine); 2 chemicals had equivocal activity [C.I. direct blue 218 and mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate], 9 chemicals were inactive [carisoprodol, chloramphenicol sodium succinate, 4-chloro-2-nitroaniline, C.I. acid red 114, isobutyraldehyde, mono(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, sodium fluoride, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate), and 1 chemical had an indeterminate response (2,6-dinitrotoluene). All positive responses were detected in the absence of an exogenous activation system and exhibited significant activity at two or more consecutive doses. This report also presents a mathematical method that uses t-statistics for rank-ordering the potency of chemical-induced transformation responses. This model detects sensitivity differences in experiments used to evaluate chemical-induced transformation. Furthermore, it provides a method to estimate a chemical's transformation response in terms of the historical behavior of the assay, as well as its future activity. The most active of the 24 chemicals was mezerein, and the least active chemical was diphenylnitrosamine. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Matthews, E J AU - Spalding, J W AU - Tennant, R W AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 319 EP - 345 VL - 101 Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- pathology KW - 3T3 Cells -- drug effects KW - 3T3 Cells -- pathology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- chemically induced KW - Hazardous Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76108170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+BALB%2Fc-3T3+cells%3A+IV.+Rank-ordered+potency+of+24+chemical+responses+detected+in+a+sensitive+new+assay+procedure.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+E+J%3BSpalding%2C+J+W%3BTennant%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-29 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cancer Res. 1973 Dec;33(12):3239-49 [4796800] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:347-482 [8243403] Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):505-7 [7394516] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Dec;67(6):1303-12 [6947113] Cancer Res. 1982 Jul;42(7):2644-50 [6282445] Environ Mutagen. 1982;4(5):595-603 [7140678] Mutat Res. 1983 Apr;114(3):283-385 [6339891] Carcinog Compr Surv. 1985;8:305-18 [3986827] IARC Sci Publ. 1985;67:93-118 [3913647] Mutat Res. 1987 Jan-Mar;185(1-2):1-195 [3540654] Science. 1987 May 22;236(4804):933-41 [3554512] Mutat Res. 1988 Jan;204(1):17-115 [3277047] Mutat Res. 1989 Jun;223(2):73-103 [2662004] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:277-91 [8243398] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:293-310 [8243399] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:311-8 [8243400] Int J Cancer. 1973 Sep 15;12(2):463-73 [4792350] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of BALB/c-3T3 cells: II. Investigation of experimental parameters that influence detection of benzo[a]pyrene-induced transformation. AN - 76108133; 8243399 AB - Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) induced significant morphological transformation of clone A31-1-13 BALB/c-3T3 cells without exogenous activation. Therefore, BaP was selected as a model to determine the internal consistency of detection of chemical-induced transformation. BaP induced a continuum of type I-III foci of different sizes, and the ratio of type I-III to type III foci/vessel was usually about 2-fold. The major finding was that BaP induced highly significant transformation responses, and the magnitude of these responses were inversely correlated with the cytotoxicity of the treatment doses. Thus, the induction of BaP-induced transformation behaved as though it was caused by a mutational event. Variability among responses were shown to depend on the serum lot and the cryopreserved ampule of cells. In addition, experiments with low spontaneous transformation responses had an impaired ability to detect BaP; however, experiments with high or normal spontaneous responses had a normal ability to detect BaP. Because the expression of BaP-induced transformation depended on both the cytotoxicity of the treatment and the cumulative number of mitoses, the frequency of BaP-induced transformation should be reported as the number of foci/vessel, but not expressed as the number of foci/viable cell surviving the chemical treatment. These conclusions are important because the same 110 experiments described in this report were also used to evaluate the transformation responses of many different carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic chemicals. These data are being reported separately. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Matthews, E J AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 293 EP - 310 VL - 101 Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cytological Techniques KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Cryopreservation KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- pathology KW - 3T3 Cells -- drug effects KW - 3T3 Cells -- pathology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- chemically induced KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76108133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+BALB%2Fc-3T3+cells%3A+II.+Investigation+of+experimental+parameters+that+influence+detection+of+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene-induced+transformation.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-29 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Science. 1967 Sep 22;157(3795):1443-4 [4292180] Cancer Res. 1988 Nov 1;48(21):5969-76 [3167849] Int J Cancer. 1973 Sep 15;12(2):463-73 [4792350] Cancer Res. 1977 Feb;37(2):514-23 [401680] Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):505-7 [7394516] Mutat Res. 1981 Mar;86(2):193-214 [7022191] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Dec;67(6):1303-12 [6947113] Cancer Res. 1982 Jul;42(7):2644-50 [6282445] Environ Mutagen. 1982;4(5):569-74 [7140676] Environ Mutagen. 1982;4(5):595-603 [7140678] Mutat Res. 1983 Apr;114(3):283-385 [6339891] Carcinogenesis. 1983;4(6):709-15 [6861275] IARC Sci Publ. 1985;67:137-62 [3913640] IARC Sci Publ. 1985;67:93-118 [3913647] Science. 1987 May 22;236(4804):933-41 [3554512] Mutat Res. 1988 Jan;204(1):17-115 [3277047] Environ Mol Mutagen. 1988;12(1):85-154 [3383842] Cancer Res. 1988 Nov 1;48(21):5977-83 [2844394] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:277-91 [8243398] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:311-8 [8243400] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Jul;101 Suppl 2:319-45 [8243401] Cancer Res. 1973 Dec;33(12):3239-49 [4796800] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and other drug use. AN - 76017714; 8415514 JF - Preventive medicine AU - Smith, V L AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 598 EP - 603 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0091-7435, 0091-7435 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Health Education -- trends KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Forecasting KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- prevention & control KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Alcoholism -- prevention & control KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76017714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Preventive+medicine&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+other+drug+use.&rft.au=Smith%2C+V+L&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=598&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Preventive+medicine&rft.issn=00917435&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic method for determination of sulfamethazine residues in milk: collaborative study. AN - 75952375; 8374322 AB - Seven laboratories participated in a collaborative study of a liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determination of sulfamethazine (SMZ) residues in raw milk that were previously frozen. The milk is extracted with chloroform, the chloroform is evaporated, and the residue is suspended in hexane and extracted with 0.1M KH2PO4 (PDP) solution. The PDP extract is analyzed by LC on a C18 column with methanol-0. 1M PDP (30 + 70) as mobile phase. Individual laboratories were instructed to analyze 5 replicates each of control milk, fortified control milk at 2 levels, and 3 blind samples. Blind samples included raw milk fortified with SMZ at 10 and 20 ppb and 1 sample containing SMZ residue from a dosed cow. For blind fortified samples containing 10 ppb SMZ, average recovery and relative standard deviations for repeatability and reproducibility (RSDr and RSRR) based on the results from 6 of the 7 participating laboratories were 8.21 ppb, 7.16%, and 23.16%, respectively. Similar data, including results from a seventh participant who reported instrumental problems but was not eliminated by the Dixon outlier test, were 9.13 ppb, 8.38%, and 31.94%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the method is suitable for the determination of SMZ residues in milk at 10 ppb and above. The method was adopted first action by AOAC International. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Weber, J D AU - Smedley, M D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, BARC, MD 20705. PY - 1993 SP - 725 EP - 729 VL - 76 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Sulfamethazine KW - 48U51W007F KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Freezing KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Sulfamethazine -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75952375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+method+for+determination+of+sulfamethazine+residues+in+milk%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Weber%2C+J+D%3BSmedley%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=725&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MEDWatch: the new FDA medical products reporting program. AN - 75929496; 8354041 JF - Clinical pharmacy AU - Kessler, D A AD - Food and Drugs, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 529 EP - 532 VL - 12 IS - 7 SN - 0278-2677, 0278-2677 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75929496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+pharmacy&rft.atitle=MEDWatch%3A+the+new+FDA+medical+products+reporting+program.&rft.au=Kessler%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+pharmacy&rft.issn=02782677&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between safety data and biocontainment design in the environmental assessment of fermentation organisms--an FDA perspective. AN - 75908750; 7763893 AB - The Center for Veterinary Medicine requires strain/construct-specific data for recombinant fermentation organisms used in the production of animal drugs and feed additives. Fermentation plant biocontainment schemes are chosen based, in part, upon the ability of the organism to survive and persist in the environment and to transfer genetic information to indigenous organisms. Survival and persistence study methods may include one of the following ecosystems: activated sludge, mammalian gut, soil or river water. Gene transfer protocols can be incorporated into a persistence study. These studies are designed to show that the recombinant construct behaves similarly to the host in a representative ecosystem where the organism could be introduced inadvertently. The studies need to provide repeatable results and reflect current state-of-art design and methods. Data verification is conducted by FDA investigators during Good Laboratory Practice inspections. Biocontainment guidelines, such as those developed by the NIH Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee, set general biocontainment goals for large groupings of recombinant organisms. The FDA, as required under the National Environmental Policy Act, must base its decision making on verifiable scientific data specific to each application. Therefore, in addition to using these guidelines as benchmarks, sponsors are required to submit strain/construct-specific data to support the selection of an appropriate biocontainment level. Once additional well-controlled studies for a variety of constructs are available, broader generalizations as to biocontainment may be drawn. JF - Journal of industrial microbiology AU - Jones, R A AU - Matheson, J C AD - Food and Drug Administration, CVM/HFV-150, Rockville, MD 20855. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 217 EP - 222 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - DNA, Recombinant KW - 0 KW - Biotechnology KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Transfection KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Containment of Biohazards -- standards KW - DNA, Recombinant -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75908750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+industrial+microbiology&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+safety+data+and+biocontainment+design+in+the+environmental+assessment+of+fermentation+organisms--an+FDA+perspective.&rft.au=Jones%2C+R+A%3BMatheson%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+industrial+microbiology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential use of mass media to reach urban intravenous drug users with AIDS prevention messages. AN - 75898119; 8359944 AB - To access the potential of using the mass media to reach urban intravenous drug users (IVDUs) with AIDS prevention messages, we: 1) questioned 353 participants in a Baltimore IVDU cohort study on their media use and sources of AIDS information, 2) analyzed data on Baltimore AIDS public service announcement (PSA) airings during a 3-month period, and 3) discussed with media executives their willingness to air a variety of potential AIDS messages. Forty-seven percent of all respondents reported that they learned the most about AIDS from television. Participants watched television a median of 28 hours/week; 52% of IVDUs listened to ratio > or = 12 hours/week. Eight hundred eleven AIDS television PSAs were aired; 37% of PSAs were placed on news programs; 53% of respondents watched news programs. Acceptability of hypothetical prevention messages (e.g., on sexual abstinence, condom use, or safer drug use practices) varied with media reach (national vs local) and type (television vs radio). We conclude that media could reach IVDUs with AIDS prevention messages. Television could be used to direct IVDUs to local prevention programs and provide safe/safer sex messages. Explicit and detailed AIDS prevention messages would be acceptable to some local radio stations. JF - The International journal of the addictions AU - Jason, J AU - Solomon, L AU - Celentano, D D AU - Vlahov, D AD - Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 837 EP - 851 VL - 28 IS - 9 SN - 0020-773X, 0020-773X KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Condoms KW - Attitude to Health KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Sexual Abstinence KW - Health Behavior KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Mass Media -- utilization KW - Health Education -- methods KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- prevention & control KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75898119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+the+addictions&rft.atitle=Potential+use+of+mass+media+to+reach+urban+intravenous+drug+users+with+AIDS+prevention+messages.&rft.au=Jason%2C+J%3BSolomon%2C+L%3BCelentano%2C+D+D%3BVlahov%2C+D&rft.aulast=Jason&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=837&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+the+addictions&rft.issn=0020773X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of tolbutamide on rat embryonic development in vitro. AN - 75891798; 8351647 AB - Tolbutamide (TOLB) is a sulfonylurea used to treat non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and is a suspected teratogen. However, it is not possible to discriminate between potential teratogenic effects of TOLB and malformations produced by either drug-induced hypoglycemia or the diabetic state itself. We examined the direct effect of TOLB on rat embryos cultured in a rodent whole embryo culture system. CD strain rat embryos were cultured for 48 h beginning on day 9 of gestation (plug day = day 0). Tolbutamide was added at various concentrations (90-3,600 microM). At the end of culture, viable embryos were examined for morphological score, number of somite pairs, crown-rump and head lengths, and DNA and protein content. Tolbutamide produced dose-related decreases in all endpoints at concentrations (2,250-3,600 microM) which are two to four times the human therapeutic concentration. Sera from TOLB-treated rats were adjusted to contain equal concentrations of glucose and insulin and then used for embryo culture. Serum from TOLB-treated rats had no observable effect on embryonic development. The mechanism for the embryotoxic effect of TOLB is unknown; however, the drug was previously demonstrated to alter activity of purified yeast glutathione reductase (GR). Because GR may be important for normal embryonic development, the effect of TOLB on this enzyme activity in cultured rat embryos was evaluated. Tolbutamide (2,700 microM) reduced embryonic GR activity by 35-57%. These results indicate that TOLB has a direct embryotoxic effect at levels 2 to 4 times the usual therapeutic serum concentrations on developing rodent embryos which may be mediated by GR inhibition. JF - Teratology AU - Ziegler, M H AU - Grafton, T F AU - Hansen, D K AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 45 EP - 51 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Blood Glucose KW - 0 KW - Insulin KW - Teratogens KW - Tolbutamide KW - 982XCM1FOI KW - Glutathione Reductase KW - EC 1.8.1.7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Culture Techniques KW - Blood Glucose -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Reductase -- metabolism KW - Insulin -- blood KW - Glutathione Reductase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Tolbutamide -- toxicity KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75891798?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+tolbutamide+on+rat+embryonic+development+in+vitro.&rft.au=Ziegler%2C+M+H%3BGrafton%2C+T+F%3BHansen%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Ziegler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-16 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunotoxicity of cephalosporins in mice. AN - 75830969; 8325130 AB - This study was performed in female B6C3F1 mice to confirm previously observed effects of selected cephalosporin antibiotics on nonspecific immunity, and to determine possible effects on specific acquired immunity and host resistance. Mice were treated intravenously with DQ-2556, ceftizoxime or ceftezole at 800 mg/kg/day for 3, 5, or 7 consecutive days. All three compounds increased total serum IgM levels from day 3, but had no effects on total serum IgG levels and the thymus weight. All three cephalosporin antibiotics caused a slight increase in spleen weight and splenic germinal centers were enlarged after 5- or 7-day treatments. Antibody responses to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (S3), a T-cell-independent immunogen, and sheep red blood cells (SRBC), a T-cell-dependent immunogen, were slightly decreased after 5-day dosings with each compound, and reached significance in DQ-2556 (response to S3) and ceftizoxime (response to S3 and SRBC). None of the tested cephalosporin antibiotics altered delayed-type hypersensitivity to oxazolone or host resistance to Plasmodium yoelii, indicating that the antibiotic-treated mice retained the capacity to mount a multicomponent and sustained protective immune response. These data suggest that although cephalosporins may cause polyclonal expansion of B cells with associated increases in total serum IgM, they do not affect the tested measures of cell-mediated immunity or host resistance. The decreased IgM antibody responses to S3 and SRBC are associated with but not known to be causally related to the concurrent IgM hypergammaglobulinemia. JF - Chemotherapy AU - Furuhama, K AU - Benson, R W AU - Knowles, B J AU - Roberts, D W AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Ark. PY - 1993 SP - 278 EP - 285 VL - 39 IS - 4 SN - 0009-3157, 0009-3157 KW - Cephalosporins KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - Immunotoxins KW - DQ 2556 KW - 102253-70-3 KW - ceftezole KW - 2Z86SYP11W KW - Ceftizoxime KW - C43C467DPE KW - Cefazolin KW - IHS69L0Y4T KW - Index Medicus KW - Spleen -- anatomy & histology KW - Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms KW - Animals KW - Thymus Gland -- anatomy & histology KW - Cefazolin -- pharmacology KW - Immunity, Cellular -- drug effects KW - Cefazolin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Ceftizoxime -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Immunoglobulin M -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Cephalosporins -- pharmacology KW - Immunotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Immunity -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75830969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Immunotoxicity+of+cephalosporins+in+mice.&rft.au=Furuhama%2C+K%3BBenson%2C+R+W%3BKnowles%2C+B+J%3BRoberts%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Furuhama&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00093157&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurobehavioral toxicology in the 21st century: a future or a failure? The 1991 Hänninen Lecture. AN - 75829160; 8325257 AB - Toxic substances in the workplace and general environment have been shown to cause adverse health effects in human populations. This has occurred as the result of such factors as industrialization, environmental pollution, and increased reliance on chemicals in agriculture. Effects of toxic substances on the human nervous system have been identified and characterized through use of neurobehavioral methods, essentially over the past 20 years. This paper examines 10 key publications in neurotoxicology and relates them to the future of neurobehavioral toxicology in the next century. The view is expressed that the future of neurobehavioral methods lies in more firmly rooting them in basic mechanisms of neurotoxicity. JF - Environmental research AU - Johnson, B L AD - U.S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 114 EP - 124 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Forecasting KW - Behavior -- drug effects KW - Toxicology -- trends KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75829160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Neurobehavioral+toxicology+in+the+21st+century%3A+a+future+or+a+failure%3F+The+1991+H%C3%A4nninen+Lecture.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+B+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=114&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-11 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The genetic toxicology of 5-fluoropyrimidines and 5-chlorouracil. AN - 75805795; 7686272 AB - The halogenated pyrimidines were synthesized in the 1950s as potential anti-tumor agents after the discovery that certain tumors preferentially incorporated uracil rather than thymine into the DNA. The fluorinated derivatives are widely recognized today as effective treatment modalities, especially with tumors of the head, neck and breast. Mechanistically, efficacy of the fluorinated pyrimidines results from the ability of these compounds to incorporate into RNA and inhibit its maturation to those forms necessary for cellular metabolism and from the inhibition of the enzyme, thymidylate synthetase, which controls the biosynthesis of thymine and DNA synthesis. The 5-fluoropyrimidines can incorporate into DNA, but the contribution of this phenomenon to the overall efficacy of this class of chemotherapeutic agents is not totally resolved. Evidence exists that this class of compounds possesses the properties to induce genotoxic effects, both in bacterial and eukaryotic cells. Most notably, these effects include the induction of cellular toxicity and the induction of chromosome aberrations. The biology and chemistry of the chlorinated pyrimidines were first explored as a possible means of sensitizing the DNA to ionizing radiation in a manner similar to the sensitization observed when DNA incorporates bromodeoxyuridine. This approach was not utilized clinically. The genetic toxicology of this compound became important with the discovery of the ribonucleoside in the effluents of sewage treatment plants. Evidence is now available that the chlorinated pyrimidines, upon conversion to deoxyribonucleosides, are effective mutagens, clastogens and toxicants, as well as extremely effective inducers of sister-chromatid exchanges. JF - Mutation research AU - Morris, S M AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 39 EP - 51 VL - 297 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Pyrimidines KW - Uracil KW - 56HH86ZVCT KW - 5-fluoropyrimidine KW - 675-21-8 KW - 5-chlorouracil KW - 7LQ4V03RNY KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Uracil -- analogs & derivatives KW - Pyrimidines -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Uracil -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75805795?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=The+genetic+toxicology+of+5-fluoropyrimidines+and+5-chlorouracil.&rft.au=Morris%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=297&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential sensitivity of rat uterine growth and epithelium hypertrophy to estrogens and antiestrogens. AN - 75784821; 8516342 AB - Triphenylethylene antiestrogens are considered weak estrogen agonists based on their limited ability to induce estrogen responses, in particular uterine growth. We compared the uterotrophic activity of naturally occurring and synthetic estrogens with that of antiestrogens by quantitating uterine wet weight and hypertrophy in the uterine luminal and glandular epithelium. Immature rats received five daily injections of either an estrogen (17 beta-estradiol [E2], diethylstilbestrol [DES], or ethynyl estradiol [EE]) or an antiestrogen (tamoxifen [TAM], monohydroxytamoxifen [OH-TAM], or clomiphene citrate [CC]) (0.001-100 micrograms/rat/day) subcutaneously in sesame oil and were sacrificed approximately 2 hr after the last injection. Both DES and EE increased uterine weight at doses between 0.01-100 micrograms/rat/day; E2 was about 10-fold less potent. The antiestrogens increased uterine weight only slightly. DES, EE, and the three antiestrogens each increased luminal epithelium hypertrophy to over 3-fold above that in controls. While the potencies of these synthetic compounds differed (DES = EE > OH-TAM > TAM = CC), each hypertrophic response occurred over two log doses, and the response curves displayed identical slopes. E2, however, required a range of four log doses to achieve the same degree of luminal epithelium hypertrophy. The three antiestrogens elicited glandular epithelium hypertrophy up to 2-fold above controls at the same doses that induced luminal epithelium hypertrophy; the order of potency was OH-TAM > TAM = CC. However, the three estrogens increased glandular epithelium hypertrophy only marginally. Thus, under dosing conditions commonly used to assess uterotrophic activity, these "antiestrogens" are complete, albeit less potent, estrogen agonists in the luminal epithelium and, unlike estrogens, induce hypertrophy in the glandular epithelium. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Branham, W S AU - Zehr, D R AU - Sheehan, D M AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 297 EP - 303 VL - 203 IS - 3 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Estrogens KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - Clomiphene KW - 1HRS458QU2 KW - Ethinyl Estradiol KW - 423D2T571U KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Diethylstilbestrol KW - 731DCA35BT KW - Index Medicus KW - Tamoxifen -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Ethinyl Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Clomiphene -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Hypertrophy KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Diethylstilbestrol -- pharmacology KW - Epithelium -- pathology KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Estrogens -- pharmacology KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- administration & dosage KW - Uterus -- pathology KW - Uterus -- drug effects KW - Estrogens -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75784821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Differential+sensitivity+of+rat+uterine+growth+and+epithelium+hypertrophy+to+estrogens+and+antiestrogens.&rft.au=Branham%2C+W+S%3BZehr%2C+D+R%3BSheehan%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Branham&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=203&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-16 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1992 National Survey of Worksite Health Promotion Activities: summary AN - 57775929; 14533 AB - The survey was conducted to measure the growth of worksite health promotion activities since the first national survey in 1985 and to document progress toward achievement of the worksite objectives in Health People 2000, the Nation's prevention agenda. Notes that substantial progress has been made in worksite policies and activities, reflecting an overall commitment by business, industry, and labor to employee health. (Original abstract-amended) JF - American Journal of Health Promotion AU - US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service AD - US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - July 1993 SP - 452 EP - 464 VL - 7 IS - 6 SN - 0890-1171, 0890-1171 KW - USA KW - National surveys KW - Work site programmes KW - Health promotion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57775929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aassia&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Health+Promotion&rft.atitle=1992+National+Survey+of+Worksite+Health+Promotion+Activities%3A+summary&rft.au=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services+Public+Health+Service&rft.aulast=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services+Public+Health+Service&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Health+Promotion&rft.issn=08901171&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA) N1 - Date revised - 2001-08-07 N1 - Document feature - il. refs. tables. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - AJHPED N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Health promotion; Work site programmes; National surveys; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for increasing incidence of abnormalities of the human testis: a review. AN - 36362488; 201002-31-0247182 (CE); 11701521 (EN) AB - Recent reports have suggested that the incidence of genitourinary abnormalities in human males has increased during the past 50 years, including congenital abnormalities such as cryptorchidism and hypospadia, which seem to be occurring more commonly. Also, the incidence of testicular cancer has increased 3- to 4-fold since the 1940s. This increase seems to be worldwide including countries with a very high frequency of testicular neoplasia as well as those in which this cancer is rather uncommon. It has also been postulated that semen quality has been decreasing for the last half century. A recent study showed that the average sperm density has decreased significantly from 113 million/mL in 1940 to 66 million/mL in 1990. The mean seminal volume has also declined, indicating that the decrease in the total sperm count is even more pronounced than the fall in sperm density would indicate. The remarkable increase in frequency of testicular abnormalities over a relatively short period of time may be due to environmental rather than genetic factors. There is an epidemiological link between the occurrence of different testicular abnormalities. Therefore, common prenatally acting etiological factors with adverse effects on the fetal male gonad might be suspected. However, postnatal influences may also have a deleterious effect on male fertility. From the reproductive point of view, an increased impact on the human male gonad is of concern. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Giwercman, A AU - Carlsen, E AU - Keiding, N AU - Skakkebaek, N E AD - University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. PY - 1993 SP - 65 EP - 71 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Abnormalities KW - Males KW - Density KW - Human KW - Incidence KW - Gonads KW - Cancer KW - Genetics KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36362488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+increasing+incidence+of+abnormalities+of+the+human+testis%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Giwercman%2C+A%3BCarlsen%2C+E%3BKeiding%2C+N%3BSkakkebaek%2C+N+E&rft.aulast=Giwercman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of BALB/c-3T3 cells: III. Development of a co-culture clonal survival assay for quantification of chemical cytotoxicity in high-density cell cultures. AN - 36355199; 201002-31-0247181 (CE); 11701520 (EN) AB - A co-culture clonal survival assay was developed to measure the cytotoxicity of test chemical treatments to BALB/c-3T3 cells because the standard clonal survival assay using 200 wild type (WT) cells frequently overestimates chemical cytotoxicity when compared with identical treatment doses in high-density cultures. The assay used co-cultures of 3.2 x 10(4) WT cells, the same seeding density used in the transformation assay, and 200 ouabain resistant (OUAr) cells. After a 48-hr test chemical treatment, co-cultured cells were fed with culture medium containing 4 mM ouabain. The test chemical was cytotoxic to an equal percentage of WT and OUAr cells. Ouabain treatments killed the remaining WT cells. Thus, OUAr cells surviving the test chemical treatment measured the relative cloning efficiency (RCE) of all treated cells in the high-density cell co-culture. The co-culture assay succeeded because metabolic cooperation at the OUAr locus was not detected in BALB/c-3T3 cells. Five chemicals induced comparable cytotoxic responses in both assays, including actinomycin D, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, N'-methyl-N-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine, dimethyl sulfoxide and sodium chloride. In contrast, chemical cytotoxic responses detected in the standard and co-culture assays differed by > or = 10-fold for 11-aminoundecanoic acid, benzo[a]pyrene, cytosine arabinoside, and 3-methyl-cholanthrene and differed by > 2-fold for 2-acetylaminofluorene and dimethylnitrosamine. Detection of 11-aminoundecanoic acid-induced transformation was shown to be dependent on selecting treatment doses from the co-culture assay data. Thus, this method permits more accurate assessment of both chemical-induced cytotoxicity and transformation. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Matthews, E J AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 311 EP - 318 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Assaying KW - Transformations KW - Culture KW - Survival KW - Standards KW - Density KW - Nucleation KW - Dimethyl sulfoxide KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36355199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+BALB%2Fc-3T3+cells%3A+III.+Development+of+a+co-culture+clonal+survival+assay+for+quantification+of+chemical+cytotoxicity+in+high-density+cell+cultures.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protecting reproductive health and the environment: toxics use reduction. AN - 36338590; 201002-31-0247185 (CE); 11701524 (EN) AB - Toxics use reduction is a new chemical hazard management approach that has emerged in several state laws over the past years. While toxics use reduction has been promoted as a means of preventing environmental pollution, little thought has been given to its adoption as a means of managing reproductive hazards. This paper provides illustrations of use reduction approaches to conventionally recognized reproductive and developmental toxicants. These approaches will require the opening of a new dialogue between industrial designers and process managers and those most concerned about reproductive health. Several different strategies are proposed that might be adopted into state programs for promoting reduction in the use of reproductive and developmental toxicants. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Geiser, K AD - Toxics Use Reduction Institute, University of Massachusetts, Lowell 01854. PY - 1993 SP - 221 EP - 225 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Reduction KW - Toxicology KW - Health KW - Toxic KW - Hazards KW - Strategy KW - Pollution abatement KW - Management KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36338590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Protecting+reproductive+health+and+the+environment%3A+toxics+use+reduction.&rft.au=Geiser%2C+K&rft.aulast=Geiser&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of the environment on reproductive health: executive summary. AN - 36321975; 201002-31-0247183 (CE); 11701522 (EN) AB - The papers presented at the workshop on the "Impact of the Environment on Reproductive Health" are published in this issue of the EHP Supplements. After the formal presentation of the papers, the authors and scientists met to discuss the important aspects of environmental issues affecting human reproductive health. This Executive Summary was compiled by the organizers and editors of the workshop and the proceedings. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Michal, F AU - Grigor, K M AU - Negro-Vilar, A AU - Skakkebaek, N E AD - Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. PY - 1993 SP - 159 EP - 167 PB - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES VL - 101 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Civil Engineering (CE); Environmental Engineering (EN) KW - Health KW - Workshops KW - Summaries KW - Environmental impact KW - Editors KW - Human KW - Scientists KW - Article KW - EE 10:General Environmental Engineering (EN) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36321975?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aenvironmentalengabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Impact+of+the+environment+on+reproductive+health%3A+executive+summary.&rft.au=Michal%2C+F%3BGrigor%2C+K+M%3BNegro-Vilar%2C+A%3BSkakkebaek%2C+N+E&rft.aulast=Michal&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=&rft.spage=159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-11-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transformation of BALB/c-3T3 cells: V. Transformation responses of 168 chemicals compared with mutagenicity in Salmonella and carcinogenicity in rodent bioassays. AN - 21259870; 11703166 AB - This report describes the activities of 168 chemicals tested in a standard transformation assay using A-31-1-13 BALB/c-3T3 cells. The data set includes 84 carcinogens, 77 noncarcinogens, and 7 research chemicals. Carcinogens included 49 mutagens and 35 nonmutagens; noncarcinogens included 24 mutagens and 53 nonmutagens. The transformation assay did not use an exogenous activation system, thus, all chemical responses depended on the inherent target cell metabolic capacity where metabolic activation was required. The upper dose limit was 100 milli-osmolar because the assay could not discriminate active and inactive chemicals tested above this concentration. Certain physicochemical properties resulted in technical problems that affected chemical biological activity. For example, chemicals that reacted with plastic were usually nonmutagenic carcinogens. Similarly, chemicals that were insoluble in medium, or bound metals, were usually nonmutagenic and nontransforming. Multifactorial data analyses revealed that the transformation assay discriminated between nonmutagenic carcinogens and noncarcinogens; it detected 64% of the carcinogens and only 26% of the noncarcinogens. In contrast, the transformation assay detected most mutagenic chemicals, including 94% of the mutagenic carcinogens and 70% of the mutagenic noncarcinogens. Thus, transformation or Salmonella typuimurium mutagenicity assays could not discriminate mutagenic carcinogens from mutagenic noncarcinogens. Data analyses also revealed that mutagenic chemicals were more cytotoxic than nonmutagenic chemicals; 88% of the mutagens had an LD50 & 5 mM, whereas half of the nonmutagens had an LD50 > 5 mM. Binary data analyses of the same data set revealed that the transformation assay and rodent bioassay had a concordance of 71%, a sensitivity for carcinogens of 80.0%, and a specificity for detecting noncarcinogens of 60%. In contrast, Salmonella mutagenicity assays and rodent bioassays had a concordance of 63%, a sensitivity of 58%, and a specificity of 69%. The transformation assay complemented the Salmonella mutagenesis assay in the identification of nonmutagenic carcinogens; thus, the two assays had a combined 83% sensitivity for all carcinogens and a 75% specificity for nonmutagenic noncarcinogens. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Matthews, E J AU - Spalding, J W AU - Tennant, R W AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1993/07// PY - 1993 DA - Jul 1993 SP - 347 EP - 482 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 101 IS - Suppl 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Environment Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Transformation KW - Sensitivity KW - Mutagens KW - Metals KW - Mutagenicity KW - Data processing KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Carcinogens KW - Mutagenesis KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Bioassays KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Metabolic activation KW - Plastics KW - Salmonella KW - rodents KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21259870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Transformation+of+BALB%2Fc-3T3+cells%3A+V.+Transformation+responses+of+168+chemicals+compared+with+mutagenicity+in+Salmonella+and+carcinogenicity+in+rodent+bioassays.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+E+J%3BSpalding%2C+J+W%3BTennant%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-07-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=Suppl+2&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Transformation; Metals; Mutagens; Cytotoxicity; Mutagenicity; Data processing; Carcinogenicity; Physicochemical properties; Metabolic activation; Plastics; Carcinogens; Mutagenesis; Chemicals; Sensitivity; Bioassays; rodents; Salmonella ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated blood lead levels associated with illegally distilled alcohol. AN - 75788129; 8512441 AB - Whiskey produced in illegal stills (ie, "moonshine") remains an important and underappreciated source of lead toxicity in some rural counties of the Southeast. From March 5 through October 26, 1991, eight adult patients with elevated blood lead levels were identified at a rural county hospital in Alabama and were reported to the Alabama Department of Public Health notifiable disease surveillance system. A case-patient was defined as any person 17 years of age or more who presented to the hospital from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 1991, and had a blood lead level of 0.72 mumol/L or more (15 micrograms/dL or more). To identify cases and potential sources of lead exposure, we reviewed medical and laboratory records from the hospital, interviewed patients with elevated blood lead levels, and determined the lead content of moonshine samples. Nine patients met the case definition, including one patient who was not reported to the state. Patients ranged in age from 28 to 62 years; blood lead values ranged from 0.77 to 12.50 mumol/L (16 to 259 micrograms/dL). The most frequent signs of possible lead toxicity included seizures (six), microcytic anemia (five), and encephalopathy (two); one patient died. The only identified source of lead exposure for the nine patients was moonshine ingestion. Moonshine samples available from local stills contained sufficient amounts of lead (340 to 4600 mumol/L) to result in the observed blood lead levels. This investigation emphasizes the adverse health effects and ongoing public health impact of moonshine ingestion. JF - Archives of internal medicine AU - Pegues, D A AU - Hughes, B J AU - Woernle, C H AD - Division of Field Epidemiology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Ga. Y1 - 1993/06/28/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jun 28 SP - 1501 EP - 1504 VL - 153 IS - 12 SN - 0003-9926, 0003-9926 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Food Contamination KW - Alcoholic Beverages -- adverse effects KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75788129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=Elevated+blood+lead+levels+associated+with+illegally+distilled+alcohol.&rft.au=Pegues%2C+D+A%3BHughes%2C+B+J%3BWoernle%2C+C+H&rft.aulast=Pegues&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-06-28&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=00039926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-14 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Arch Intern Med. 1994 Feb 14;154(3):348, 351 [8297205] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antiviral activity of a synthetic double-stranded polyribonucleotide interferon inducer in a murine AIDS retrovirus model. Role of augmentation of natural killer cell activity and synergy with oral AZT. AN - 75934336; 8363255 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Black, P L AU - McKinnon, K M AU - Wooden, S L AU - Ussery, M A AD - Division of Antiviral Drug Products, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1993/06/23/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jun 23 SP - 467 EP - 470 VL - 685 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic KW - 0 KW - Antiviral Agents KW - Immunologic Factors KW - Interferon Inducers KW - Poly I-C KW - 24939-03-5 KW - Polylysine KW - 25104-18-1 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - poly ICLC KW - 59789-29-6 KW - Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium KW - K679OBS311 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Interferon Inducers -- pharmacology KW - Rauscher Virus -- drug effects KW - Antiviral Agents -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Drug Synergism KW - Polylysine -- pharmacology KW - Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- immunology KW - Zidovudine -- pharmacology KW - Immunologic Factors -- pharmacology KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- pharmacology KW - Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium -- pharmacology KW - Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- microbiology KW - Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- drug therapy KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- immunology KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- drug effects KW - Poly I-C -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75934336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Antiviral+activity+of+a+synthetic+double-stranded+polyribonucleotide+interferon+inducer+in+a+murine+AIDS+retrovirus+model.+Role+of+augmentation+of+natural+killer+cell+activity+and+synergy+with+oral+AZT.&rft.au=Black%2C+P+L%3BMcKinnon%2C+K+M%3BWooden%2C+S+L%3BUssery%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-06-23&rft.volume=685&rft.issue=&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interactions of flavonoids, trace metals, and oxygen: nuclear DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by myricetin. AN - 75850976; 8330305 AB - The extent of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation induced by myricetin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, were studied in isolated rat liver nuclei under aerobic conditions. Myricetin induced significant (P < 0.05) concentration-dependent nuclear DNA degradation concurrent with lipid peroxidation; these effects were enhanced by iron (III) or copper (II). Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), mannitol and sodium azide did not inhibit myricetin-induced nuclear DNA damage in the presence of iron (III) or copper (II). However, all of these antioxidants stimulated myricetin-induced DNA damage in the presence of copper (II). Lipid peroxidation induced by myricetin was significantly inhibited only by SOD in the presence of copper (II), whereas it was enhanced by catalase and sodium azide in the presence of iron (III). These results demonstrate the pro-oxidant properties of polyphenolic flavonoids, which are generally considered to be antioxidants and anticarcinogens, and suggest a dual role for these flavonoids in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. JF - Cancer letters AU - Sahu, S C AU - Gray, G C AD - Division of Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1993/06/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jun 15 SP - 73 EP - 79 VL - 70 IS - 1-2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Azides KW - 0 KW - Flavonoids KW - Mannitol KW - 3OWL53L36A KW - myricetin KW - 76XC01FTOJ KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Sodium Azide KW - 968JJ8C9DV KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Catalase KW - EC 1.11.1.6 KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Iron -- pharmacology KW - Copper -- pharmacology KW - Catalase -- pharmacology KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- pharmacology KW - Azides -- pharmacology KW - Mannitol -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - DNA Damage KW - Flavonoids -- adverse effects KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75850976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Interactions+of+flavonoids%2C+trace+metals%2C+and+oxygen%3A+nuclear+DNA+damage+and+lipid+peroxidation+induced+by+myricetin.&rft.au=Sahu%2C+S+C%3BGray%2C+G+C&rft.aulast=Sahu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-06-15&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introducing MEDWatch. A new approach to reporting medication and device adverse effects and product problems. AN - 75726368; 8492403 JF - JAMA AU - Kessler, D A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/06/02/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jun 02 SP - 2765 EP - 2768 VL - 269 IS - 21 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Quality Control KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- methods KW - Physician's Role UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75726368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Introducing+MEDWatch.+A+new+approach+to+reporting+medication+and+device+adverse+effects+and+product+problems.&rft.au=Kessler%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-06-02&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=2765&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 1994 Aug 24-31;272(8):590-1 [8057507] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pneumoconiosis: comparison of digitized and conventional radiographs. AN - 85257194; pmid-8497632 AB - The classification of pneumoconiosis on 108 paired radiographs obtained in coal miners was compared by using conventional radiograph film images and digitized images of those conventional film images. Conventional film images and digitized images were each independently read in a random order in two separate sessions by three radiologists certified as "B" readers. Overall, the digitized images were perceived as being of better quality than the conventional film images (radiograph quality grade 1, 48% [617 of 1,292 classifications] vs 37% [482 of 1,296], respectively; P < .001). The mean International Labour Office (ILO) scores for small-opacity profusion were similar between the digitized images and conventional film images (3.14 vs 3.24, respectively; P = .19). The mean absolute differences in small-opacity profusion score between radiograph pairs were also similar (0.74 vs 0.77, respectively; P = .50). No difference in the ILO type of opacity was noted between the display modes. Interpretation of digitized images for pneumoconiotic small opacities was shown to be an acceptable alternative to interpretation of conventional film images; the important problem of reader variability affects both display modes. JF - Radiology AU - Mannino, D M AU - Kennedy, R D AU - Hodous, T K AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. PY - 1993 SP - 791 EP - 796 VL - 187 IS - 3 SN - 0033-8419, 0033-8419 KW - Comparative Study KW - Lung KW - Human KW - Pneumoconiosis KW - Observer Variation KW - Radiographic Image Enhancement UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85257194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiology&rft.atitle=Pneumoconiosis%3A+comparison+of+digitized+and+conventional+radiographs.&rft.au=Mannino%2C+D+M%3BKennedy%2C+R+D%3BHodous%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Mannino&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=791&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiology&rft.issn=00338419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved specificity of testing methods for filovirus antibodies. AN - 75922581; 8360317 AB - An epizootic among monkeys imported into the United States created an immediate need for detection of antibodies to filoviruses. Thousands of samples were submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for testing. Problems of sensitivity and specificity existed in the methods available for these assays. The experiments described in this report resulted in improved methods for the detection of antibodies to filoviruses, both for indirect fluorescent antibody assays (IFA) by standardizing methods and the Western blot (WB) by minimizing antigen load and by incorporating skim milk in diluents. JF - Journal of virological methods AU - Elliott, L H AU - Bauer, S P AU - Perez-Oronoz, G AU - Lloyd, E S AD - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 85 EP - 89 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Philippines KW - Milk KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Indonesia KW - Mass Screening -- veterinary KW - Single-Blind Method KW - Democratic Republic of the Congo KW - Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay KW - Virus Diseases -- immunology KW - Macaca fascicularis -- microbiology KW - Blotting, Western -- methods KW - Filoviridae -- immunology KW - Macaca fascicularis -- immunology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Monkey Diseases -- microbiology KW - Virus Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Antibodies, Viral -- blood KW - Monkey Diseases -- immunology KW - Virus Diseases -- veterinary KW - Monkey Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Monkey Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Virus Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Virus Diseases -- microbiology KW - Filoviridae -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75922581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virological+methods&rft.atitle=Improved+specificity+of+testing+methods+for+filovirus+antibodies.&rft.au=Elliott%2C+L+H%3BBauer%2C+S+P%3BPerez-Oronoz%2C+G%3BLloyd%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virological+methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring male reproductive hormones for occupational field studies. AN - 75841605; 8331437 AB - As part of our longitudinal study of unexposed workers, we drew blood samples and analyzed the individual endocrine profiles for 45 men. The blood collection was between 8 AM and 8 PM, and three blood samples were drawn 20 minutes apart on three occasions during the course of the study (June, October, and February). Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and prolactin were determined. A component of variance model was used to estimate variability between the 20-minute blood draws. Statistical power analysis using this component showed that three blood draws provide a marginal improvement over a single blood draw in detecting population shifts. Also, if the prospect of three blood draws reduces subject participation by 10 to 20%, the increase in power would be negated. JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Schrader, S M AU - Turner, T W AU - Breitenstein, M J AU - Simon, S D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 574 EP - 576 VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones KW - 0 KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Prolactin KW - 9002-62-4 KW - Luteinizing Hormone KW - 9002-67-9 KW - Follicle Stimulating Hormone KW - 9002-68-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Prolactin -- blood KW - Microcomputers KW - Humans KW - Testosterone -- blood KW - Adult KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Luteinizing Hormone -- blood KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Male KW - Follicle Stimulating Hormone -- blood KW - Infertility, Male -- blood KW - Occupational Diseases -- blood KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Gonadal Steroid Hormones -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75841605?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Measuring+male+reproductive+hormones+for+occupational+field+studies.&rft.au=Schrader%2C+S+M%3BTurner%2C+T+W%3BBreitenstein%2C+M+J%3BSimon%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Schrader&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=574&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-16 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - MEDWatch: the new FDA medical products reporting program. AN - 75805375; 8517452 JF - American journal of hospital pharmacy AU - Kessler, D A AD - Food and Drugs, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1151 EP - 1152 VL - 50 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9289, 0002-9289 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- methods KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75805375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+hospital+pharmacy&rft.atitle=MEDWatch%3A+the+new+FDA+medical+products+reporting+program.&rft.au=Kessler%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+hospital+pharmacy&rft.issn=00029289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethynylestradiol protection against methyl insufficiency in castrated male Wistar/Furth rats fed a methionine-choline-deficient diet. AN - 75795644; 8508512 AB - The interactive effects of dietary methyl insufficiency and the estrogenic compound ethynylestradiol (EE) on the levels of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) were examined in the liver, lungs and pancreas of rats. In addition, such effects on the hepatic content of 5-methyl-deoxycytidine (5-MC) in nuclear DNA were determined. Castrated male Wistar/Furth rats were fed various levels of EE in either: (i) a complete, amino acid-defined diet (diet 1); (ii) the same diet lacking in choline and methionine and supplemented with 0.9% of DL-homocystine (equimolar to methionine) (diet 2); or (iii) diet 2 but only with 0.3% DL-homocystine (diet 2M). Methyl deficiency and EE each independently produced decreased weight gains and increased relative liver weights (liver weight relative to total body weight) compared with control animals. Livers from rats fed diets 2 and 2M without EE had lower levels of SAM and lower SAM:SAH ratios than did the livers from diet 1-fed rats not treated with EE. Hepatic SAM:SAH ratios in diet 1-fed rats were not altered by EE treatment. However, EE treatment increased the hepatic contents of SAM and restored the SAM:SAH levels to normal in rats fed diet 2 or 2M. The levels of SAM + SAH in the livers of rats fed the low homocystine diet (diet 2M) were less than in those fed either diet 1 or diet 2. Thus, the addition of EE at 10 p.p.m. gave protection against reduced levels of SAM, and reduced SAM:SAH ratios in the liver, but had little effect when added to the methyl-adequate diet. No differences in hepatic 5-MC levels were observed in any of the groups as a result of either methyl deficiency or EE treatment. Methyl deprivation alone caused no discernible difference in pancreatic SAM levels but did result in a significant rise in SAH levels and thus in decreased SAM:SAH ratios. EE had no consistent effect on pancreatic SAM, SAH or SAM:SAH ratios in any of the diet groups examined. Similarly, the chronic feeding of diet 2, diet 2M or of EE had no significant effect on the SAM contents of lungs, compared with the corresponding levels in control rats. The protection conferred by EE against SAM insufficiency in the livers of rats fed a methionine- and choline-deficient diet is consistent with the relative insensitivity of female rats to the hepatotoxicity of dietary methyl insufficiency. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Fullerton, F R AU - Greenman, D L AU - Blaydes, B S AU - Poirier, L A AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1237 EP - 1240 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Ethinyl Estradiol KW - 423D2T571U KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - 7LP2MPO46S KW - S-Adenosylhomocysteine KW - 979-92-0 KW - Methionine KW - AE28F7PNPL KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - S-Adenosylhomocysteine -- metabolism KW - Rats, Inbred WF KW - Pancreas -- metabolism KW - S-Adenosylmethionine -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Organ Size KW - Male KW - Castration KW - Methionine -- deficiency KW - Ethinyl Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Choline Deficiency -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75795644?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Ethynylestradiol+protection+against+methyl+insufficiency+in+castrated+male+Wistar%2FFurth+rats+fed+a+methionine-choline-deficient+diet.&rft.au=Fullerton%2C+F+R%3BGreenman%2C+D+L%3BBlaydes%2C+B+S%3BPoirier%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Fullerton&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-12 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dendritic cells in the hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with doxorubicin with or without ICRF-187. AN - 75772157; 8506959 AB - Histological and immunohistochemical studies using specific monoclonal antibodies were made to evaluate the severity of the chronic cardiomyopathy and the quantitative changes in interstitial dendritic cells (antigen-presenting cells), T helper lymphocytes, T cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes, and macrophages in the hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) treated with doxorubicin at 1 mg/kg per week for 3, 6, 9 or 12 weeks. In addition, an assessment was made of the modifications of the responses of these cell populations by pretreatment of the SHR with ICRF-187, which protects against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. The number of interstitial dendritic cells/mm2 of section of left ventricle was similar in saline-treated control SHRs (76 +/- 6) and in those treated with ICRF-187 alone (75 +/- 2) but increased markedly (319 +/- 33) in animals receiving a total cumulative dose of 12 mg/kg doxorubicin. Treatment with ICRF-187 prior to each administration of doxorubicin attenuated in a dose-dependent manner the increase in numbers of dendritic cells induced by doxorubicin (231 +/- 47, 174 +/- 11, and 100 +/- 16 cells/mm2) after treatment with 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg of ICRF-187, respectively. Doxorubicin also induced increases in the numbers of T helper lymphocytes and macrophages but not of T cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes. These increases were also attenuated by pretreatment with ICRF-187. These data were interpreted as indicating that doxorubicin cardiotoxicity results in the release of substances that initiate immune reactions involving the antigen-presenting cells of the heart and that such reactions are attenuated by pretreatment with ICRF-187. JF - The American journal of pathology AU - Zhang, J AU - Herman, E H AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Division of Research and Testing, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1916 EP - 1926 VL - 142 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9440, 0002-9440 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Razoxane KW - 5AR83PR647 KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Heart Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Heart Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Antigen-Presenting Cells -- pathology KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes -- pathology KW - Macrophages -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Macrophages -- pathology KW - Incidence KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Heart Diseases -- pathology KW - Razoxane -- therapeutic use KW - Dendritic Cells -- pathology KW - Doxorubicin -- adverse effects KW - Razoxane -- administration & dosage KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - Rats, Inbred SHR -- anatomy & histology KW - Dendritic Cells -- drug effects KW - Doxorubicin -- therapeutic use KW - Doxorubicin -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75772157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+pathology&rft.atitle=Dendritic+cells+in+the+hearts+of+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats+treated+with+doxorubicin+with+or+without+ICRF-187.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+J%3BHerman%2C+E+H%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1916&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+pathology&rft.issn=00029440&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Exp Med. 1978 Sep 1;148(3):664-73 [29936] J Clin Oncol. 1992 Jan;10(1):117-27 [1727913] Eur J Immunol. 1979 Jun;9(6):426-33 [315315] Eur J Immunol. 1980 Aug;10(8):609-15 [6967416] Cancer Res. 1981 Sep;41(9 Pt 1):3436-40 [6790165] J Exp Med. 1981 Aug 1;154(2):347-61 [6943285] Cancer Res. 1981 Oct;41(10):3852-6 [7284993] Biochemistry. 1982 Apr 13;21(8):1707-12 [6805506] Br J Cancer. 1982 Oct;46(4):662-7 [6814473] J Exp Med. 1982 Dec 1;156(6):1780-93 [6816896] Lab Invest. 1983 Jul;49(1):69-77 [6408310] Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1983;15(3):188-93 [6193867] Cancer Res. 1984 Jun;44(6):2497-504 [6426781] Transplantation. 1984 Aug;38(2):169-74 [6380042] Cancer Res. 1985 Jan;45(1):276-81 [3917371] Immunology. 1985 Mar;54(3):589-99 [3882559] J Exp Med. 1985 Nov 1;162(5):1546-60 [2932518] Cancer Res. 1986 Jan;46(1):54-60 [3484381] Cancer Res. 1986 Aug;46(8):4213-6 [3488123] Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1987;25(3):245-9 [2445487] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1988 Jan;92(1):42-53 [3124293] N Engl J Med. 1988 Sep 22;319(12):745-52 [3137469] Cancer Res. 1988 Dec 1;48(23):6918-25 [3141049] Int J Cancer. 1988 Nov 15;42(5):798-802 [3182109] Int J Immunopharmacol. 1988;10(3):317-23 [3263335] Agents Actions. 1989 Mar;26(3-4):378-85 [2544086] J Clin Lab Immunol. 1989 Jul;29(3):141-5 [2517429] J Exp Med. 1990 Jun 1;171(6):1841-51 [2191072] Am J Pathol. 1990 Aug;137(2):449-56 [2143629] Cancer Immunol Immunother. 1991;33(4):274-7 [1711927] Anticancer Res. 1991 May-Jun;11(3):1245-52 [1832272] J Immunol. 1979 Jul;123(1):342-9 [87477] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishing jurisdiction through forensic parasitology. AN - 75761308; 8501610 JF - The Journal of parasitology AU - Adams, A A AD - Seafood Products Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, Washington 98041-3012. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 459 EP - 460 VL - 79 IS - 3 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Seawater KW - Humans KW - Shellfish -- parasitology KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Food Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Nematoda -- classification KW - Food Parasitology -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Forensic Medicine -- methods KW - Nematoda -- isolation & purification KW - Fishes -- parasitology KW - Legislation, Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75761308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.atitle=Establishing+jurisdiction+through+forensic+parasitology.&rft.au=Adams%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Adams&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-29 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Shellfish-borne illnesses. AN - 75747827; 8498290 JF - American family physician AU - Rheinstein, P H AU - Klontz, K C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland. Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 1837 EP - 1840 VL - 47 IS - 8 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Neurotoxins KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Virus Diseases -- transmission KW - Neurotoxins -- poisoning KW - Humans KW - Bacterial Infections -- transmission KW - Shellfish -- microbiology KW - Shellfish Poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75747827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+family+physician&rft.atitle=Shellfish-borne+illnesses.&rft.au=Rheinstein%2C+P+H%3BKlontz%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Rheinstein&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1837&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+family+physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal and nonfatal hepatotoxicity associated with flutamide. AN - 75727631; 7683180 AB - To identify and describe patients with hepatotoxicity possibly caused by flutamide, an antiandrogen drug. Case series of reports, submitted to the Adverse Drug Event Reporting System of the Food and Drug Administration. Outpatient clinics and physicians' offices in the United States. Nineteen patients treated with flutamide for prostate cancer or benign prostatic hypertrophy (for Investigation of a New Drug or off-label use). Evidence of increased liver enzyme levels, hyperbilirubinemia, associated clinical symptoms, and diagnoses of cholestatic hepatitis. Autopsy reports were used when available. From the time of marketing of flutamide in February 1989 through March 1991, the Food and Drug Administration received reports of 19 patients in the United States who developed serious hepatotoxicity while using flutamide. Fourteen patients had resolution of abnormal liver function test results after discontinuing or decreasing the dose of flutamide, but five patients died of progressive liver disease. Autopsy reports from three patients and abnormal pathologic results from three other patients (reported to the Food and Drug Administration or in the medical literature) showed hepatocellular necrosis and possibly cholestasis. Thorough work-ups excluded other possible causes than flutamide. Flutamide appears to cause hepatotoxic effects in certain patients. Physicians should tell patients to immediately report to physicians nausea, vomiting, fatigue, jaundice, and other signs and symptoms of liver injury. JF - Annals of internal medicine AU - Wysowski, D K AU - Freiman, J P AU - Tourtelot, J B AU - Horton, M L AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/06/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jun 01 SP - 860 EP - 864 VL - 118 IS - 11 SN - 0003-4819, 0003-4819 KW - Flutamide KW - 76W6J0943E KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Liver Diseases -- mortality KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Liver Function Tests KW - Prostatic Hyperplasia -- drug therapy KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Liver Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Middle Aged KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- therapeutic use KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Flutamide -- therapeutic use KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Flutamide -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75727631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=Fatal+and+nonfatal+hepatotoxicity+associated+with+flutamide.&rft.au=Wysowski%2C+D+K%3BFreiman%2C+J+P%3BTourtelot%2C+J+B%3BHorton%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Wysowski&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-06-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=860&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=00034819&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-27 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Ann Intern Med. 1993 Dec 1;119(11):1150 [8110241] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - School-Based Clinics That Work. AN - 62867386; ED359189 AB - This paper describes a small set of successful school-based clinics (SBCs) that provide primary health care services for the underserved and identifies factors contributing to their success. Six sites were selected on the basis of three general criteria: (1) direct involvement between the SBC and a federally-funded community health center (CHC); (2) wide geographic distribution with urban/rural representation; and (3) a demonstrated measure of success in terms of substantial student enrollment. A visit was made to each clinic and interviews were conducted with the clinic director, key staff, a CHC manager, and student-users of the clinic. Based on the data collected, a case study was written for each site, providing information on the following SBC topics: geographic characteristics; characteristics of the student population; brief history and mission; management and staffing; space and facilities; outreach and marketing efforts; services offered; costs and financing; impact of services; ongoing concerns and problems; and keys to success. (Contains 28 exhibits and 26 references.) (LL) Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 115 KW - School Based Clinics KW - Site Visits KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Aid KW - Case Studies KW - Student Participation KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Primary Health Care KW - Success KW - Health Promotion KW - Public Health KW - Student Attitudes KW - Disadvantaged Youth KW - Performance Factors KW - Medical Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62867386?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - One Voice, One Vision--Recommendations to the Surgeon General To Improve Hispanic/Latino Health. AN - 62627188; ED387555 AB - The Hispanic/Latino Health Initiative of the Surgeon General's Office was created under Surgeon General Antonia Coello Novello to develop a plan to address barriers to quality health care and services. This report documents the activities and findings of the Initiative. It describes the status of Hispanic/Latino health in five regions of the United States, defines the challenges and priority issues encompassing the greatest disparities and barriers, and lists the recommendations related to Hispanic/Latino health priorities. Events occurring during the Initiative are reviewed, emphasizing the National Workshop in September 1992. Following an introductory chapter, Chapter 2 presents the Surgeon General's charge to Workshop participants. Chapter 3 summarizes the five background papers commissioned for the Workshop. Chapter 4 summarizes implementation strategies developed at the Workshop, and chapter 5 presents those strategies. Chapter 6 presents the Surgeon General's closing remarks, and chapter 7 summarizes the regional health meetings and their recommended strategies. Chapter 8 presents the summary recommendations developed at the April 1993 Executive Planning Committee Meeting. Appendix A lists workshop participants, and appendix B contains the Workshop agenda. Appendixes C, D, and E present supplemental information about Initiative participants and their remarks. (SLD) Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 198 KW - Latinos KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Workshops KW - Low Income Groups KW - Health Services KW - Health Needs KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Program Implementation KW - Poverty KW - Needs Assessment KW - Strategic Planning KW - Agenda Setting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62627188?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Beat the Smokeless Habit. Game Plan for Success. Third Edition. AN - 62554687; ED405298 AB - This guide was originally designed for professional baseball players but it is now distributed to college athletes. The facts and strategies apply to any athlete in any sport. Use of smokeless tobacco or snuff greatly increases the risk of developing oral cancer and other serious medical conditions. The first part of this guide explains the health risks and gives facts about the use of smokeless tobacco. It includes a self-test to determine addiction to tobacco. The second section offers a "9-Inning Game Plan" for kicking the habit permanently. The "innings" include: (1) Decide to Quit; (2) Pick a Quit Date; (3) Cut Back before You Quit; (4) Right Before Your Quit Day; (5) Quit Day; (6) Your First Week Off Smokeless; (7) Your Second Week Off and Dealing with Triggers; (8) Going the Distance; and (9) Celebrate Your Success. Sections are illustrated with photographs of popular sports figures and include motivational quotations. (JLS) Y1 - 1993/06// PY - 1993 DA - June 1993 SP - 21 KW - Chewing Tobacco KW - Smokeless Tobacco KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Students KW - Instructional Materials KW - Prevention KW - Colleges KW - Health Materials KW - College Students KW - Higher Education KW - Baseball KW - Pamphlets KW - Health Education KW - Health Promotion KW - Athletes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62554687?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the receptor-binding domain of tetanus toxin. AN - 75736645; 8388386 AB - The carboxyl-terminal half of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin (Hc) contains the domain required for binding to purified gangliosides and neuronal cells. The structural requirements for the interaction of Hc with receptor were studied by generating mutants of Hc with deletions at either the carboxyl or amino terminus and characterizing their binding. A deletion of 10 or more amino acids from the carboxyl terminus resulted in a major loss of Hc binding to purified gangliosides and spinal cord neuronal cells, whereas a deletion of the carboxyl-terminal 5 amino acids did not affect binding. The removal of up to 263 amino acids from the amino terminus did not inhibit binding. Each of the truncated proteins was much more sensitive to trypsin than was full-length Hc, suggesting an alteration in conformation. The receptor binding activity of Hc was not retained in a peptide corresponding to the carboxyl-terminal 20 amino acids. These data suggest that the carboxyl-terminal region of Hc is important for maintaining a conformation necessary for binding to receptor. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Halpern, J L AU - Loftus, A AD - Division of Bacterial Products, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/05/25/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 May 25 SP - 11188 EP - 11192 VL - 268 IS - 15 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Gangliosides KW - Macromolecular Substances KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Oligodeoxyribonucleotides KW - Peptides KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Cholinergic KW - Receptors, Neurotransmitter KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Tetanus Toxin KW - tetanus toxin receptor KW - Index Medicus KW - Peptides -- chemical synthesis KW - Fetus KW - Animals KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Genes, Synthetic KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Reticulocytes -- metabolism KW - Immunoassay KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Clostridium tetani -- genetics KW - Peptides -- immunology KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Mice KW - Rabbits KW - Binding Sites KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Ganglia, Spinal -- metabolism KW - Gangliosides -- metabolism KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Neurotransmitter -- metabolism KW - Tetanus Toxin -- metabolism KW - Tetanus Toxin -- genetics KW - Receptors, Cholinergic -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75736645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+receptor-binding+domain+of+tetanus+toxin.&rft.au=Halpern%2C+J+L%3BLoftus%2C+A&rft.aulast=Halpern&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-05-25&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=11188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current FDA policy on use of human-labeled drugs in animals. AN - 75800009; 8514570 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Teske, R H AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Rockville, MD 20855. Y1 - 1993/05/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 May 15 SP - 1632 EP - 3;discussion 1634 VL - 202 IS - 10 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Drug Residues KW - Drug Utilization -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Legislation, Veterinary KW - Animals, Domestic KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Legislation, Drug UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75800009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Current+FDA+policy+on+use+of+human-labeled+drugs+in+animals.&rft.au=Teske%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Teske&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-05-15&rft.volume=202&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1632&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications for the FDA/Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM). AN - 75795527; 8514592 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Geyer, R E AD - Office of Surveillance and Compliance, FDA/CVM, Rockville, MD 20855. Y1 - 1993/05/15/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 May 15 SP - 1718 EP - 1723 VL - 202 IS - 10 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Drug Residues KW - Drug Compounding -- veterinary KW - Legislation, Veterinary KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Veterinary Medicine KW - Legislation, Drug UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75795527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Implications+for+the+FDA%2FCenter+for+Veterinary+Medicine+%28CVM%29.&rft.au=Geyer%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Geyer&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-05-15&rft.volume=202&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1718&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazard assessment of lead. AN - 75911514; 8359314 AB - Exposure to lead (Pb) continues to be a source of concern for the US Food and Drug Administration and other United States federal regulatory agencies. Blood lead levels as low as 10 micrograms/dl have been associated with impaired neurobehavioural and cognitive development and electrophysiological deficits in children and reduced gestational age and birth weight in infants. Blood lead levels of 10 micrograms Pb/dl are also of concern in pregnant women because of exposure to the fetus. Blood lead levels of 30 micrograms Pb/dl have been associated with elevated blood pressure and other adverse effects in adults. Thus, the values of 10 and 30 micrograms Pb/dl represent lowest-observed-effects levels for developing and adult populations, respectively. The ingestion levels that result in these blood levels of concern were estimated to be 60 micrograms Pb/day for children ages 6 years or younger, 150 micrograms Pb/day for children aged 7 years or older, 250 micrograms Pb/day for pregnant women and 750 micrograms Pb/day for adults. Provisional total tolerable intake levels for lead were derived from these blood lead levels for each group by applying the Renwick approach to obtain a tolerable exposure level. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Carrington, C D AU - Sheehan, D M AU - Bolger, P M AD - Division of Toxicological Review and Evaluation (HFF-156), Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 325 EP - 335 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Animals KW - Fetal Blood -- chemistry KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Lead Poisoning -- blood KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Lead -- administration & dosage KW - Lead -- pharmacokinetics KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75911514?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Hazard+assessment+of+lead.&rft.au=Carrington%2C+C+D%3BSheehan%2C+D+M%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heliophysical activity and incidence variations of skin malignant melanoma in Czechoslovakia: a regional study. AN - 75877175; 8330942 AB - Cyclic variations in the incidence of skin malignant melanoma during the years 1964-1985 in East Bohemia (excluding the districts of Pardubice and Svitavy), Czechoslovakia have been studied, as linear correlations with solar activity indexes have been revealed. The following statistical methods were applied: periodogram regression analysis, phase-correlation analysis, sigma-method and Student's t-test. The discretization of the data is on the basis of 1 year. Different cycles were found in the incidence variations (T = 7.5 years, T = 11.5 years, etc.), and this has been correlated with the variations of two heliophysical indexes (sigma, W) for the same time period. A few significant statistical relationships have been established with a time difference (lag-period) between the extremes of the data series; the incidence maxima follow the peaks of solar activity and appear about the minima of solar indexes, mainly. JF - International journal of biometeorology AU - Dimitrov, B D AD - Department of Social Medicine and Public Health Service, Medical University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 68 EP - 71 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0020-7128, 0020-7128 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Czechoslovakia -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - Sunlight -- adverse effects KW - Skin Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Melanoma -- etiology KW - Skin Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Periodicity KW - Melanoma -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75877175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+biometeorology&rft.atitle=Heliophysical+activity+and+incidence+variations+of+skin+malignant+melanoma+in+Czechoslovakia%3A+a+regional+study.&rft.au=Dimitrov%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Dimitrov&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=68&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+biometeorology&rft.issn=00207128&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-19 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reliability of mycotoxin assays--an update. AN - 75819616; 8318839 AB - The precision parameters of the method-performance (collaborative) studies for mycotoxins published in the literature through 1991 have been recalculated on a uniform basis by following the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry protocol. About 80% of the 793 accepted assays for mycotoxins, almost all of which have been conducted by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), liquid chromatography (LC), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), exhibit relative standard deviations among laboratories (RSDR) that are less than 2 times the values predicted from the Horwitz equation: RSDR, % = 2(1-0.5log10C) where C is the concentration expressed as a decimal fraction. The precision of TLC and LC methods is about the same, but that of ELISA is somewhat poorer. For those commodities for which sufficient data exist to provide a meaningful comparison, the methods applied to cottonseed products have the best precision and corn the worst, with peanuts intermediate. Overall, however, the primary factor affecting RSDR is concentration, more or less independent of analyte, method, matrix, and age of the study. If it is assumed that the test results are normally distributed and that an RSDR of 50% is the point where effective control of the results begins to be lost (a value equivalent to the production of 2% false-negative values), then relying on the Horwitz curve, the limit of quantitative measurement is the single digit, i.e., 5, micrograms/kg (10(-9); ppb) concentration for solid food commodities. Such a value must be considered as a limit applicable to a single analyte, aflatoxin B1, and not as a mean, and not applicable to the sum of the individual components, each of whose associated standard deviation would lie in the unacceptable region. Enforcement of a 5 micrograms aflatoxin B1/kg limit, under the assumptions made, requires that a responsible manufacturer and a prudent regulator operate at opposite extremes of tolerance limits: e.g., the producer at 2 micrograms/kg and the consumer at 10. A proposed Codex "maximum level" of 0.05 micrograms aflatoxin M1/kg milk cannot be supported by the available data applied in an interlaboratory enforcement environment. These conclusions are also supported by an examination of the reported data from the ongoing, large-scale proficiency studies routinely performed by the American Oil Chemists' Society and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Horwitz, W AU - Albert, R AU - Nesheim, S AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 461 EP - 491 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Standards KW - Databases, Factual KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75819616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Reliability+of+mycotoxin+assays--an+update.&rft.au=Horwitz%2C+W%3BAlbert%2C+R%3BNesheim%2C+S&rft.aulast=Horwitz&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Food and Drug Administration monitoring of pesticide residues in infant foods and adult foods eaten by infants/children. AN - 75809238; 8318840 AB - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration uses 3 approaches to monitor pesticide residues in foods: regulatory monitoring, incidence/level monitoring, and the Total Diet Study. The results of monitoring infant foods and adult foods that may be eaten by infants/children under these 3 approaches are presented. Under regulatory monitoring, which is performed to enforce tolerances set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), during fiscal years 1985-1991, over 10,000 such domestic and imported food samples were collected and analyzed, and under the Total Diet Study, in which pesticide residue intakes are estimated in foods prepared for consumption, the food items in 27 market baskets were analyzed. Under incidence/level monitoring, which is complementary to regulatory monitoring, over 4000 analyses were performed on infant foods and adult foods eaten by children. Fewer than 50 of the 10,000 regulatory samples had violative residues; nearly all of those were residues for which there was no tolerance for the particular commodity/pesticide combination. Under incidence/level monitoring and the Total Diet Study, the levels of pesticide residues found in infant foods and adult foods eaten by children were well below tolerances set by EPA. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Yess, N J AU - Gunderson, E L AU - Roy, R R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 492 EP - 507 VL - 76 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Diet KW - Legislation, Food KW - Child, Preschool KW - Food Analysis KW - Infant Food -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75809238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+monitoring+of+pesticide+residues+in+infant+foods+and+adult+foods+eaten+by+infants%2Fchildren.&rft.au=Yess%2C+N+J%3BGunderson%2C+E+L%3BRoy%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Yess&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute effects of pentobarbital in a monkey operant behavioral test battery. AN - 75787329; 8516351 AB - The effects of acute pentobarbital treatment were assessed using a complex operant test battery containing five tasks in which correct performance is thought to depend upon processes associated with short-term memory and attention [delayed-matching-to-sample (DMTS)], color and position discrimination [conditioned position responding (CPR)], motivation [progressive ratio (PR)], time perception [temporal response differentiation (TRD)], and learning [incremental repeated acquisition (IRA)]. Adult, male rhesus monkeys were tested 15 min after IV injection of saline or pentobarbital (1, 3, 5.6, 10, or 15 mg/kg). Behavioral endpoints measured included percent task completed, response rate or latency, and response accuracy. The order of task sensitivity to disruption by PBT was TRD > IRA = DMTS = PR > CPR, in which sensitivity was defined as a significant disruption in any aspect of task performance. PBT slowed response rates at 10.0 and/or 15.0 mg/kg in all tasks. Accuracy was decreased in the TRD task at > or = 5.6 mg/kg but doses of > or = 10.0 mg/kg were required to decrease accuracy in the IRA, DMTS, and CPR tasks. Thus, behavior thought to model time perception (TRD) was more sensitive than behavior modeling learning (IRA), short-term memory and attention (DMTS), and motivation (PR). CPR was the least sensitive behavior. Because pentobarbital exerts its effects at least in part via GABA systems, the effects in the current study were compared with those of a previous study of the acute effects of diazepam. The two compounds exerted fundamentally different effects on operant test battery performance. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 107 EP - 116 VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Pentobarbital KW - I4744080IR KW - Diazepam KW - Q3JTX2Q7TU KW - Index Medicus KW - Discrimination Learning -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Reinforcement Schedule KW - Motivation KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Time Perception -- drug effects KW - Diazepam -- pharmacology KW - Learning -- drug effects KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Memory, Short-Term -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Pentobarbital -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75787329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Acute+effects+of+pentobarbital+in+a+monkey+operant+behavioral+test+battery.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+S+A%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-19 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory agency considerations and requirements for validation of toxicity test alternatives. AN - 75786685; 8516758 AB - When developing an alternative toxicity test, one must first determine whether the alternative assay is to be used as a screen or as a replacement for the traditional toxicity test. An assay used as a screen will require less stringent acceptance criteria, for it is designed to answer fewer and less complex questions (e.g., the assessment of only potential teratogenicity). An assay used as a replacement will be used to establish hazard or lack thereof (safety). In other words, a replacement assay must clearly establish whether or not a chemical is a teratogen. One should also have knowledge of and experience with the in vivo assay to be replaced. This knowledge should be of not only the procedural aspects of the test but also the regulatory information it provides (i.e., how the results are used for hazard determination). Thorough consideration of the regulatory information is critical for a test intended to be used as a replacement. Validation should include intralaboratory and interlaboratory reproducibility of results from a standard protocol, an assessment of the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the test responses, and the use of a sufficient number of chemicals representative of the defined category of interest. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Green, S AD - Food and Drug Administration, Division of Toxicological Research, Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 119 EP - 123 VL - 68 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Toxicology -- standards KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75786685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Regulatory+agency+considerations+and+requirements+for+validation+of+toxicity+test+alternatives.&rft.au=Green%2C+S&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-16 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality of workers hired during World War II. AN - 75782320; 8506857 AB - There has been some suggestion that men first hired during World War II do not show the typical healthy worker effect and may have been more unhealthy than their counterparts who entered military service. We have studied 41,000 workers at six plants to determine whether men hired during World War II had higher mortality than men hired just before or after WWII. No evidence was found of any "unhealthy WWII worker" effect. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Steenland, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 823 EP - 827 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Warfare KW - Life Style KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Continental Population Groups KW - Cohort Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75782320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+of+workers+hired+during+World+War+II.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=823&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-07 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation of the adduct 6-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-3-amino-benzo[a]pyrene from the mutagenic environmental contaminant 3-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene. AN - 75767313; 8166885 AB - 3-Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (3-nitro-B[a]P) is a potent bacterial mutagen as a result of nitroreduction. Reaction of N-hydroxy-3-amino-B[a]P, prepared in situ from reduction of 3-nitro-B[a]P with calf thymus DNA, was studied. After enzymatic digestion of the DNA, the resulting modified nucleosides were analyzed by thermospray HPLC-MS and high-resolution proton NMR spectroscopy. The major adduct was identified as 6-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-3-amino-B[a]P. The same adduct was obtained from incubation of DNA with 3-nitro-B[a]P in the presence of the mammalian nitroreductase xanthine oxidase, and hypoxanthine. These data indicate that a mammalian nitroreductase can metabolize 3-nitro-B[a]P to an activated derivative that reacts with DNA to give a novel adduct distant from the site of N-hydroxylation. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Herreno-Saenz, D AU - Evans, F E AU - Abian, J AU - Fu, P P AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 1065 EP - 1067 VL - 14 IS - 5 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Benzopyrenes KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Mutagens KW - 6-(deoxyguanosin-N(2)-yl)-3-aminobenzo(a)pyrene KW - 149635-27-8 KW - 3-nitrobenzo(a)pyrene KW - 70021-98-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Xanthine Oxidase KW - EC 1.17.3.2 KW - Nitroreductases KW - EC 1.7.- KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Index Medicus KW - Xanthine Oxidase -- metabolism KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Nitroreductases -- metabolism KW - Mammals KW - DNA Damage KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Benzopyrenes -- analysis KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analysis KW - Benzopyrenes -- metabolism KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75767313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Formation+of+the+adduct+6-%28deoxyguanosin-N2-yl%29-3-amino-benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+from+the+mutagenic+environmental+contaminant+3-nitrobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene.&rft.au=Herreno-Saenz%2C+D%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BAbian%2C+J%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Herreno-Saenz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1065&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-06 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research program for neurotoxic disorders and other adverse health outcomes at hazardous chemical sites in the United States of America. AN - 75741314; 8495669 JF - Environmental research AU - Amler, R W AU - Lybarger, J A AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia 30333. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 279 EP - 284 VL - 61 IS - 2 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - National Health Programs KW - Nervous System Diseases -- psychology KW - Nervous System Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75741314?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+research&rft.atitle=Research+program+for+neurotoxic+disorders+and+other+adverse+health+outcomes+at+hazardous+chemical+sites+in+the+United+States+of+America.&rft.au=Amler%2C+R+W%3BLybarger%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Amler&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury deaths in Alaska's fishing industry, 1980 through 1988. AN - 75711894; 8484449 AB - Studies from other countries have identified fishing as a hazardous industry, but little is known about occupational injury mortality related to fishing in the United States. Alaska was chosen for this study because approximately 45,000 people annually participate in Alaska's fishing industry and fishing is thought to be a major contributor to occupational injury mortality in the state. Work-related injury deaths in Alaska's fishing industry were identified by means of death certificates and US Coast Guard mortality data. Fatality rates were calculated by using average annual fishing industry employment estimates. The 5-year average annual fishing-related fatality rate was 414.6 per 100,000 fishermen. The majority of the decedents were Caucasian men who drowned while fishing. This study emphasizes that fishing is a dangerous industry in Alaska and demonstrates the benefit of using multiple data sources to identify fishing-related deaths in the state. JF - American journal of public health AU - Schnitzer, P G AU - Landen, D D AU - Russell, J C AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WVa. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 685 EP - 688 VL - 83 IS - 5 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Drowning -- mortality KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Seasons KW - Adult KW - Death Certificates KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Fisheries KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75711894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+deaths+in+Alaska%27s+fishing+industry%2C+1980+through+1988.&rft.au=Schnitzer%2C+P+G%3BLanden%2C+D+D%3BRussell%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Schnitzer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: JAMA. 1990 Jun 13;263(22):3047-50 [2342216] Br J Ind Med. 1990 Nov;47(11):726-32 [2147111] Proc R Soc Med. 1966 May;59(5):405-10 [5933115] Public Health Rep. 1992 Jan-Feb;107(1):70-4 [1531389] Br J Ind Med. 1990 Jul;47(7):498-501 [2383520] Comment In: Am J Public Health. 1994 Mar;84(3):496-8 [8129077] Am J Public Health. 1994 Mar;84(3):496 [8129076] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photoconversion and electron microscopic localization of the fluorescent axon tracer fluoro-ruby (rhodamine-dextran-amine). AN - 75665545; 7682231 AB - Fluoro-Ruby, the fluorescent tetramethylrhodamine-dextran-amine used to demonstrate anterograde axon transport, has been successfully photoconverted and subsequently localized by electron microscopy. The photoconversion was accomplished by irradiating the tissue with green light while bathing it in a solution containing DAB. The tissue could then be examined by brightfield microscopy or processed for conventional electron microscopy. Potential advantages of the technique include greater permanence and contrast at the light microscopic level and the ability to resolve synaptic connectivity at the electron microscopic level. JF - The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society AU - Schmued, L C AU - Snavely, L F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 777 EP - 782 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0022-1554, 0022-1554 KW - 2-hydroxy-4,4'-diamidinostilbene, methanesulfonate salt KW - 0 KW - Dextrans KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Fluoro-Ruby KW - Rhodamines KW - Stilbamidines KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mesencephalon -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Mesencephalon -- ultrastructure KW - Male KW - Synapses -- ultrastructure KW - Substantia Nigra -- ultrastructure KW - Dextrans -- pharmacokinetics KW - Fluorescent Dyes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Rhodamines -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75665545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journal+of+histochemistry+and+cytochemistry+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Histochemistry+Society&rft.atitle=Photoconversion+and+electron+microscopic+localization+of+the+fluorescent+axon+tracer+fluoro-ruby+%28rhodamine-dextran-amine%29.&rft.au=Schmued%2C+L+C%3BSnavely%2C+L+F&rft.aulast=Schmued&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=777&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journal+of+histochemistry+and+cytochemistry+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Histochemistry+Society&rft.issn=00221554&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Focus on Food Labeling. An FDA Consumer Special Report. AN - 62785775; ED369942 AB - This special issue is designed for those who want to know all they can about the new federal requirements for nutrition information on food labels. Nine articles are included. "Good Reading for Good Eating" (Paula Kurtzweil) addresses mandatory nutrition labeling, the nutrition panel, nutrient content and health claims, and ingredient labeling. "Cooking Up the New Food Label" (Judith E. Foulke) describes the process of writing the regulations. "Look for 'Legit' Health Claims on Foods" (Dixie Farley) covers definitions and restrictions, new claims, guidelines for using health claims, and denied claims. "A Little 'Lite' Reading" (Dori Stehlin) focuses on 11 core terms related to nutrient content claims: free, low, lean, extra lean, high, good source, reduced, less, light, fewer, and more. "'Nutrition Facts' to Help Consumers Eat Smart" (Kurtzweil) describes the format of the new nutrition label, called 'Nutrition Facts.'"'Daily Values' Encourage Healthy Diet" (Kurtzweil) focuses on the 'daily values' term and describes two sets of reference values for nutrients that serve as the basis for calculating percent daily values--Daily Reference Values and Reference Daily Intakes. "Ingredient Labeling: What's in a Food?" (Marian Segal) addresses the requirement that ingredients for all standardized foods be listed on the label. "Nutrition Info Available for Raw Fruits, Vegetables, Fish" (Kurtzweil) concerns guidelines for voluntary labeling of raw produce and fish. "The Food Pyramid-Food Label Connection" (Etta Saltos) discusses how to use the label information to follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. (YLB) Y1 - 1993/05// PY - 1993 DA - May 1993 SP - 66 PB - New Orders, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954 (FDA Consumer subscription: $15/year). KW - Food Labels KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Federal Legislation KW - Food KW - Dietetics KW - Consumer Education KW - Consumer Protection KW - Federal Regulation KW - Nutrition KW - Food Standards KW - Adult Education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62785775?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Focus+on+Food+Labeling.+An+FDA+Consumer+Special+Report.&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 2 - Produced in microfiche (1966-2003) N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 by DNA probe specific for an allele of uid A gene. AN - 75819393; 8321253 AB - Isolates of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 were identified by an oligonucleotide probe, PF-27, containing a unique base substitution in the allele of the uid A gene. Colony hybridization analysis of 239 bacteria, including E. coli, Shiga-like toxin-producing serogroups of pathogenic E. coli and other enteric isolates showed that the probe reacted only with isolates of serotype O157:H7. Results of genetic analyses suggest that the base substitution in the allele does not contribute to the absence of uid A gene expression in O157:H7. JF - Molecular and cellular probes AU - Feng, P AD - Division of Microbiological Studies, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 151 EP - 154 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0890-8508, 0890-8508 KW - uidA KW - DNA Probes KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacteria -- genetics KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- microbiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Serotyping KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Alleles KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli -- classification KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Bacterial Typing Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75819393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Escherichia+coli+serotype+O157%3AH7+by+DNA+probe+specific+for+an+allele+of+uid+A+gene.&rft.au=Feng%2C+P&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.issn=08908508&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - uidA N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Mol Cell Probes 1993 Aug;7(4):337 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-response models for developmental malformations. AN - 75817498; 8322223 AB - An empirical dose-response model can generally be found for bioassay data, which provides a mathematical relationship between the incidence of a developmental malformation and dose of a toxicant in the experimental dose range. If biological principles and data can be used in the formulation of the dose-response model, the estimation of the incidence of malformations outside of the experimental dose range may be improved. In this paper, exponential growth of morphological structures in rodents during gestation is assumed. Further, it is assumed that some structural malformations are the result of reduced or delayed growth and the incidence of structurally normal fetuses is proportional to fetal weight raised to a power. When the exponential growth rate constant is reduced by dose raised to a power, a Weibull dose-response function is obtained. When the exponential growth rate constant is modeled by a polynomial function of dose, a polynomial-exponential dose-response model is obtained. The Weibull and the polynomial-exponential model, restricted to degrees from one up to the number of dosed groups, were fit to a database of bioassay data assembled from Teratology Vol. 1 (1968) to Vol. 42 (1990). In general the two models gave similar results and often gave exactly the same fit. The linear term appeared in the polynomial-exponential model in about one-fourth of the cases and was not related to the background incidence. JF - Teratology AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Chen, J J AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 291 EP - 297 VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Rats -- embryology KW - Mice -- embryology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Biological Assay KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75817498?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Dose-response+models+for+developmental+malformations.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BChen%2C+J+J&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychological distress and alcohol use among fire fighters. AN - 75798759; 8316779 AB - Few studies have investigated stressors to which fire fighters are subjected and the potential psychological consequences. One hundred and forty-five fire fighters were studied to enumerate potential occupational stressors, assess psychological distress and problems with alcohol use, and determine whether a relationship exists between these measures and self-reported stressors. Hearing that children are in a burning building was the highest ranked stressor. According to three self-report instruments, between 33 and 41% of the fire fighters were experiencing significant psychological distress, and 29% had possible or probable problems with alcohol use. These figures are significantly higher than would be expected in a typical community or working population. In a logistic regression analysis, no relationship was found between measures of psychological distress and alcohol use and the 10 most highly ranked work stressors. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Boxer, P A AU - Wild, D AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 121 EP - 125 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Workload -- psychology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Depression -- psychology KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic -- psychology KW - Occupational Diseases -- psychology KW - Alcoholism -- psychology KW - Fires -- prevention & control KW - Stress, Psychological -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75798759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Psychological+distress+and+alcohol+use+among+fire+fighters.&rft.au=Boxer%2C+P+A%3BWild%2C+D&rft.aulast=Boxer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality of workers employed in shoe manufacturing. AN - 75794968; 8316784 AB - A retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted among 7814 white shoe manufacturing workers followed from 1940 through 1982. The workers were potentially exposed to solvents (including toluene) and solvent-based adhesives. Benzene may have been present as an impurity of toluene. Mortality due to leukemia and aleukemia was not statistically significantly elevated. Statistically significant excess mortality due to cancer of the trachea, bronchus and lung was observed in the total cohort [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) 147, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 120-180] and showed a statistically significant trend in standardized relative risk with increasing potential latency, but not with increasing duration of employment. Chronic nonmalignant respiratory disease was significantly elevated among the men (SMR 158, 95% CI 114-217) but was less than expected among the women (SMR 79), a finding suggesting a possible contribution of smoking to the mortality from respiratory cancer. However, adjustment for the potential effects of smoking did not completely eliminate the increased risk for lung cancer. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Walker, J T AU - Bloom, T F AU - Stern, F B AU - Okun, A H AU - Fingerhut, M A AU - Halperin, W E AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 89 EP - 95 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Solvents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Causality KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Solvents -- adverse effects KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Aged KW - Smoking -- mortality KW - Leukemia -- mortality KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - Shoes KW - Cause of Death KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75794968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Mortality+of+workers+employed+in+shoe+manufacturing.&rft.au=Walker%2C+J+T%3BBloom%2C+T+F%3BStern%2C+F+B%3BOkun%2C+A+H%3BFingerhut%2C+M+A%3BHalperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical screening using periodic spirometry for detection of chronic lung disease. AN - 75773325; 8506511 AB - Approximately half of a worker population may benefit from the addition of a longitudinal comparison of their spirometry results, over only using annual comparisons with a cross-sectional LLN. The ATS recommendation of 15% for year-to-year changes appears to be essentially equivalent to a longitudinal LLN method based on the SEE. Therefore, a practical method for longitudinal interpretations is to establish a baseline value for a worker's FEV1 through several initial spirometric examinations. The FEV1 longitudinal LLN is calculated by taking 85% of this baseline value minus the expected decline over the time period based on the individual's age (e.g., for individuals older than 35 years at their initial examination, one approach is to use 30 mL/year times the number of years of follow-up). However, before any final classification is rendered, the data should be reviewed for stability. This analysis demonstrates that longitudinal spirometry adds sensitivity to spirometry screening efforts. The spirometry examinations should probably be performed annually in order to detect survey biases and determine the stability of the FEV1 measurements. If spirometry results indicate that someone has crossed either the longitudinal or the cross-sectional LLN, intervention activities should be initiated for that individual. As new data and studies become available, these suggested procedures will need to be revised-particularly estimates for the expected annual decline in FEV1. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Hankinson, J L AU - Wagner, G R AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505. PY - 1993 SP - 353 EP - 361 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Reference Values KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Chronic Disease KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Forced Expiratory Volume KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Quality Control KW - Clinical Protocols KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Lung Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Spirometry -- methods KW - Spirometry -- instrumentation KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Mass Screening -- instrumentation KW - Lung Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Lung Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Mass Screening -- standards KW - Mass Screening -- methods KW - Lung Volume Measurements KW - Spirometry -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75773325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Medical+screening+using+periodic+spirometry+for+detection+of+chronic+lung+disease.&rft.au=Hankinson%2C+J+L%3BWagner%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Hankinson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-06 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioassay for carcinogenicity of rotenone in female Wistar rats. AN - 75769692; 8504913 AB - Rotenone, a pesticide extracted from the Derris root, consistently was reported by a series of investigators to have induced mammary fibroadenomas in female Wistar rats when administered ip or by gavage in a sunflower (SF) oil or SF oil:chloroform vehicle. In contrast, no less than eight bioassays done in other laboratories with rotenone or rotenone-containing powders have given consistently negative carcinogenic results when different strains or species and different modes or vehicles of administration have been used. However, these studies were not designed to address the biological reproducibility of the positive data. Thus, the present study was designed to simulate conditions of the positive studies and to investigate a possible cocarcinogenic interaction between rotenone and chloroform. Each of eight treatment groups was assigned 72 weanling female Wistar rats. Groups were (1) untreated, (2) needle puncture, (3) SF oil:10% chloroform (SF oil:chloroform), (4) 1.0 mg/kg rotenone in SF oil:chloroform, (5) 2.0 mg/kg rotenone in SF oil:chloroform, (6) SF oil, (7) 1.0 mg/kg rotenone in SF oil, and (8) 2.0 mg/kg rotenone in SF oil. Rats were injected ip 5 days a week for 8 weeks (42 injection days) and subsequently held for 16 months. The appearance of palpable tissue masses was recorded; over 50 tissues from each rat were histologically evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences in overall or individual tumor incidences among control and rotenone-treated groups. Specifically, neither incidence nor time-to-palpation of mammary fibroadenoma significantly differed among control and rotenone-treated groups, regardless of the vehicle of administration. Thus, rotenone was not carcinogenic, and rotenone and chloroform did not interact to produce a carcinogenic effect in female Wistar rats in the current study. Thus, previous reports of carcinogenic activity were not reproducible under similar experimental conditions. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Greenman, D L AU - Allaben, W T AU - Burger, G T AU - Kodell, R L AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 383 EP - 390 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Rotenone KW - 03L9OT429T KW - Chloroform KW - 7V31YC746X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Adenocarcinoma -- chemically induced KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Adenocarcinoma -- pathology KW - Rats KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Fibroma -- chemically induced KW - Adenoma -- chemically induced KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Fibroma -- pathology KW - Chloroform -- toxicity KW - Adenoma -- pathology KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- mortality KW - Female KW - Rotenone -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75769692?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Bioassay+for+carcinogenicity+of+rotenone+in+female+Wistar+rats.&rft.au=Greenman%2C+D+L%3BAllaben%2C+W+T%3BBurger%2C+G+T%3BKodell%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Greenman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=383&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uncertainty in cancer risk estimates. AN - 75760816; 8502788 AB - Several existing databases compiled by Gold et al. for carcinogenesis bioassays are examined to obtain estimates of the reproducibility of cancer rates across experiments, strains, and rodent species. A measure of carcinogenic potency is given by the TD50 (daily dose that causes a tumor type in 50% of the exposed animals that otherwise would not develop the tumor in a standard lifetime). The lognormal distribution can be used to model the uncertainty of the estimates of potency (TD50) and the ratio of TD50's between two species. For near-replicate bioassays, approximately 95% of the TD50's are estimated to be within a factor of 4 of the mean. Between strains, about 95% of the TD50's are estimated to be within a factor of 11 of their mean, and the pure genetic component of variability is accounted for by a factor of 6.8. Between rats and mice, about 95% of the TD50's are estimated to be within a factor of 32 of the mean, while between humans and experimental animals the factor is 110 for 20 chemicals reported by Allen et al. The common practice of basing cancer risk estimates on the most sensitive rodent species-strain-sex and using interspecies dose scaling based on body surface area appears to overestimate cancer rates for these 20 human carcinogens by about one order of magnitude on the average.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Chen, J J AU - Sheehan, D M AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 149 EP - 154 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75760816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Uncertainty+in+cancer+risk+estimates.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BSheehan%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Upper confidence limits on excess risk for quantitative responses. AN - 75735402; 8502790 AB - The definition and observation of clear-cut adverse health effects for continuous (quantitative) responses, such as altered body weights or organ weights, are difficult propositions. Thus, methods of risk assessment commonly used for binary (quantal) toxic responses such as cancer are not directly applicable. In this paper, two methods for calculating upper confidence limits on excess risk for quantitative toxic effects are proposed, based on a particular definition of an adverse quantitative response. The methods are illustrated with data from a dose-response study, and their performance is evaluated with a Monte Carlo simulation study. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Kodell, R L AU - West, R W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 177 EP - 182 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - aconiazide KW - 8OKQ9NS8MO KW - Isoniazid KW - V83O1VOZ8L KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Probability KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Isoniazid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Models, Statistical KW - Isoniazid -- toxicity KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Risk Factors KW - Weight Loss -- drug effects KW - Isoniazid -- administration & dosage KW - Female KW - Hazardous Substances -- administration & dosage KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75735402?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Upper+confidence+limits+on+excess+risk+for+quantitative+responses.&rft.au=Kodell%2C+R+L%3BWest%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Kodell&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of the dose levels of cocarcinogen ferric oxide on the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by pulmonary alveolar macrophages in suspension culture. AN - 75704829; 8386775 AB - The concurrent administration of a cocarcinogenic carrier particle such as ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon lung carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) results in a decreased latency and an increased incidence in the production of lung tumors in hamsters compared to the administration of BaP alone. The pulmonary alveolar macrophage (AM), the primary lung defense cell, has been shown to endocytize BaP, metabolize BaP to a more biologically active form, and then release the metabolites. Therefore, a study was undertaken to determine in a dose-response manner the effect of AM phagocytosis of a carrier particle (Fe2O3) on the metabolism of a carcinogen (BaP) and on the production of reactive oxygen. The AM were lavaged from hamsters and cultured in suspension (2.5 x 10(6) cells/vial) with BaP (62.5 nmol, 14C labeled) alone or adsorbed onto 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg Fe2O3 in the presence of cytochrome c. Following separate ethyl acetate extractions of the AM and medium, the metabolites were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and quantified by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The production of superoxide anions was monitored by the reduction of cytochrome c. Concurrent exposure of AM to BaP-coated Fe2O3 resulted in a significant increase in the amount of BaP metabolites and superoxide anions produced with dose of Fe2O3. The following metabolites were identified in both the medium and the AM: 9,10-dihydrodiol, 7,8-dihydrodiol, 4,5-dihydrodiol, 9-hydroxy, 3-hydroxy, and 3,6-quinone. In general, the 7,8-dihydrodiol, which is considered to be the precursor of the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of BaP, and superoxide anions, which have been shown to produce localized lipid peroxidation and edema in vivo, were significantly enhanced (p = .05, Duncan's multiple comparison test) in AM exposed to all doses of Fe2O3 when compared to AM exposed to BaP alone. This Fe2O3 dose-related enhancement of superoxide anion production is indicative of increased endocytic capacity resulting in a greater amount of total metabolites being produced, in particular, the dihydrodiols of BaP, which are considered to be products of the active metabolic pathway of BaP. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Greife, A L AU - Warshawsky, D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 399 EP - 417 VL - 38 IS - 4 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Cytochrome c Group KW - 0 KW - Ferric Compounds KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - ferric oxide KW - 1K09F3G675 KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Endocytosis KW - Animals KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Kinetics KW - Mesocricetus KW - Cytochrome c Group -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Cricetinae KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Ferric Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Ferric Compounds -- toxicity KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- toxicity KW - Ferric Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- pharmacokinetics KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75704829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Influence+of+the+dose+levels+of+cocarcinogen+ferric+oxide+on+the+metabolism+of+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+by+pulmonary+alveolar+macrophages+in+suspension+culture.&rft.au=Greife%2C+A+L%3BWarshawsky%2C+D&rft.aulast=Greife&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-25 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cardiotoxicity of human recombinant interleukin-2 in rats. A morphological study. AN - 75662395; 8462156 AB - One of the side effects of interleukin 2 (IL-2) cancer immunotherapy in humans is the vascular leak syndrome, which is frequently associated with depression of myocardial function, myocarditis, and myocardial necrosis. To investigate this cardiotoxicity, IL-2 (three doses of 5 x 10(5) Cetus units/day i.p.) was given to rats for 2, 3, or 5 days. Heart, lung, liver, spleen, and kidney tissues were studied by light and electron microscopy and with immunoperoxidase techniques. Cardiac changes consisted of focal lymphocytic and eosinophilic infiltration, myocyte vacuolization, myofibrillar loss, and necrosis. Ultrastructural alterations included swelling of endothelial cells, with dissociation of intercellular junctions, migration of lymphocytes into the interstitium, and interstitial hemorrhage and edema. Close contact between infiltrating lymphocytes, particularly large granular lymphocytes, and cardiac myocytes was often observed in areas of tissue damage. All lesions were more severe on day 5 than on days 2 and 3. Immunoperoxidase stains demonstrated asialo GM1 ganglioside antibody-positive, granular lymphocytes to be much more frequent in myocardium of IL-2-treated rats than in that of control rats. Although we cannot exclude the possibility of a direct toxic effect of IL-2 on myocytes, our observations suggest that the myocardial damage produced by this agent is triggered by IL-2-activated lymphocytes that exert cytolytic effects, first on endothelial cells and then on cardiac myocytes, thus producing lesions that involve both the cardiac microcirculation and the muscle cells. JF - Circulation AU - Zhang, J AU - Yu, Z X AU - Hilbert, S L AU - Yamaguchi, M AU - Chadwick, D P AU - Herman, E H AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Division of Research and Testing, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 1340 EP - 1353 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 0009-7322, 0009-7322 KW - Interleukin-2 KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Proteins -- toxicity KW - Rats KW - Cytotoxicity, Immunologic KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Necrosis KW - Humans KW - Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated -- immunology KW - Microscopy, Electron KW - Immunoenzyme Techniques KW - Female KW - Myocarditis -- etiology KW - Myocardium -- pathology KW - Myocarditis -- pathology KW - Interleukin-2 -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75662395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Circulation&rft.atitle=Cardiotoxicity+of+human+recombinant+interleukin-2+in+rats.+A+morphological+study.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+J%3BYu%2C+Z+X%3BHilbert%2C+S+L%3BYamaguchi%2C+M%3BChadwick%2C+D+P%3BHerman%2C+E+H%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Circulation&rft.issn=00097322&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence that DNA repair may not be modified by age or chronic caloric restriction. AN - 75642400; 7680761 AB - Pretreatment of animals with mixed-function oxidase inducers has been shown to increase the metabolic activation capacity of isolated hepatocytes resulting in an apparent increase in DNA repair. We recently reported decreases in chemically-induced DNA repair, measured as unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS), in hepatocyte cultures isolated from aging ad libitum (AL) and caloric restricted (CR) diet-fed animals. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of pretreatment with Aroclor 1254 (ARO) on the genotoxicity of 4 carcinogens, from different chemical classes, in primary hepatocytes isolated from male Fischer 344 rats. ARO-induced old AL- and CR-derived cultures, treated with 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), exhibited significant induction-related increases in DNA repair in comparison to uninduced old AL and CR animals. These data indicate that the constitutive levels of specific cytochrome P450 decline with age and chronic caloric restriction, while the ability to respond to exogenous inducers is retained, and suggest that DNA repair may not be modified with age or diet restriction. JF - Mutation research AU - Shaddock, J G AU - Feuers, R J AU - Chou, M W AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/04// PY - 1993 DA - April 1993 SP - 261 EP - 266 VL - 301 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Aroclors KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) KW - 11097-69-1 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - 9M98QLJ2DL KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - Dimethylnitrosamine KW - M43H21IO8R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- cytology KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- metabolism KW - Aroclors -- toxicity KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Energy Intake KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - Diet -- adverse effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Enzyme Induction KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- metabolism KW - Dimethylnitrosamine -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Food Deprivation KW - DNA Repair -- drug effects KW - Aging -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75642400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Evidence+that+DNA+repair+may+not+be+modified+by+age+or+chronic+caloric+restriction.&rft.au=Shaddock%2C+J+G%3BFeuers%2C+R+J%3BChou%2C+M+W%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Shaddock&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-04-01&rft.volume=301&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=261&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction of 7-bromoacetyl-7-desacetylforskolin, and alkylating derivative of forskolin, with bovine brain adenylyl cyclase and human erythrocyte glucose transporter. AN - 75615591; 8443181 AB - 7-Bromoacetyl-7-desacetylforskolin (BrAcFsk), an alkylating derivative of forskolin, activated adenylyl cyclase and irreversibly blocked high affinity forskolin binding sites in human platelet membranes and rat brain membranes (Laurenza et al., 1990). Photoincorporation of an iodinated arylazido derivative of forskolin, 125I-6-AIPP-Fsk, into adenylyl cyclase in bovine brain membranes was irreversibly inhibited by BrAcFsk but not by 1,9-dideoxy-BrAcFsk, suggesting that BrAcFsk was reacting specifically with a nucleophilic group(s) at the forskolin binding site of adenylyl cyclase. Immunoblotting with antiforskolin antiserum demonstrated that partially purified bovine brain adenylyl cyclase had incorporated BrAcFsk. The interaction of BrAcFsk with the glucose transporter in human erythrocyte membranes was examined in a similar manner. Photoincorporation of 125I-7-AIPP-Fsk, an iodinated arylazido derivative of forskolin which is specific for the glucose transporter, into the glucose transporter was not irreversibly inhibited by BrAcFsk, suggesting that, in contrast to adenylyl cyclase, there is no reactive nucleophilic group at the forskolin binding site on the human erythrocyte glucose transporter. The immunoblotting procedure with antiforskolin antiserum confirmed that BrAcFsk was not covalently attached to human erythrocyte glucose transporter. JF - Biochemistry AU - Sutkowski, E M AU - Maher, F AU - Laurenza, A AU - Simpson, I A AU - Seamon, K B AD - Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/03/09/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Mar 09 SP - 2415 EP - 2422 VL - 32 IS - 9 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - 7-bromoacetyl-7-desacetylforskolin KW - 0 KW - Affinity Labels KW - Alkylating Agents KW - Monosaccharide Transport Proteins KW - Colforsin KW - 1F7A44V6OU KW - Adenylyl Cyclases KW - EC 4.6.1.1 KW - Glucose KW - IY9XDZ35W2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Photochemistry KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Alkylating Agents -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Biological Transport KW - Binding Sites KW - Brain -- enzymology KW - Monosaccharide Transport Proteins -- metabolism KW - Colforsin -- chemistry KW - Colforsin -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Glucose -- metabolism KW - Adenylyl Cyclases -- chemistry KW - Colforsin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Adenylyl Cyclases -- metabolism KW - Erythrocyte Membrane -- metabolism KW - Colforsin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75615591?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+7-bromoacetyl-7-desacetylforskolin%2C+and+alkylating+derivative+of+forskolin%2C+with+bovine+brain+adenylyl+cyclase+and+human+erythrocyte+glucose+transporter.&rft.au=Sutkowski%2C+E+M%3BMaher%2C+F%3BLaurenza%2C+A%3BSimpson%2C+I+A%3BSeamon%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Sutkowski&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-03-09&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2415&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Food and Drug Administration approach to risk assessment of aflatoxin in human foods. AN - 76271613; 8156225 JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Henry, S H AU - Scheuplein, R J AU - Bowers, J AU - Tollefson, L AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC. PY - 1993 SP - 71 EP - 77 VL - 2 IS - 1-2 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Health Status Indicators KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Contamination KW - Aflatoxins -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76271613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+approach+to+risk+assessment+of+aflatoxin+in+human+foods.&rft.au=Henry%2C+S+H%3BScheuplein%2C+R+J%3BBowers%2C+J%3BTollefson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-17 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental epidemiologic issues and minority health. AN - 76130544; 8269072 AB - There exist great differences in morbidity and mortality across racial, cultural, and socioeconomic groups. Certain factors, like limited access to health care, are known to contribute to these differences. The contribution of other factors, like disparities in exposure to environmental hazards, is largely unknown as to the effect on minority groups' morbidity and mortality. This article describes select environmental hazards faced by minorities, such as lead toxicity in children, proximity to hazardous waste sites, and consumption of food contaminated with toxic substances, as well as the role of epidemiologists in documenting adverse health effects and participation in interventions to prevent them. JF - Annals of epidemiology AU - Johnson, B L AU - Coulberson, S L AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 175 EP - 180 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1047-2797, 1047-2797 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Waste KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Humans KW - Child, Preschool KW - Indians, North American KW - Minority Groups KW - Lead Poisoning -- ethnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76130544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Environmental+epidemiologic+issues+and+minority+health.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+B+L%3BCoulberson%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=10472797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-03 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biphasic removal of DNA adducts in a repetitive DNA sequence after dietary administration of 2-acetylaminofluorene. AN - 75822909; 8319642 AB - Dietary administration of the hepatocarcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) to rats results in the formation of a major hepatic DNA adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene (dG-C8-AF). In liver DNA, dG-C8-AF reaches steady-state conditions after approximately 2 weeks of feeding and is removed in a biphasic manner. In these experiments, we have quantified adduct concentrations in a 370 base-pair repetitive DNA fragment to determine if the adduct levels and kinetics of adduct removal were similar to those found in total genomic DNA. Male F344 rats were fed 0.02% 2-AAF for 28 days and were sacrificed at intermittent times up to 56 days after being returned to the control diet. Hepatic DNA adduct levels were measured by 32P-postlabeling or radioimmunoassay (RIA) in total genomic DNA and in a 370 base-pair fragment obtained by digesting genomic DNA with Hind III. Biphasic removal of dG-C8-AF, which composed about 90% of the total adducts measured, was observed in total genomic DNA, with comparable rate constants being detected by both 32P-postlabeling and RIA. 32P-Postlabeling also showed analogous biphasic removal of dG-C8-AF in the 370 base-pair fragment. A second adduct, 3-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-2-AAF (dG-N2-AAF), which accounted for about 10% of the total adducts measured, showed similar biphasic removal kinetics in the total genomic DNA and the 370 base-pair fragment; however, as compared to dG-C8-AF, little removal of dG-N2-AAF was observed during the slow phase. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Culp, S J AU - Poirier, M C AU - Beland, F A AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 273 EP - 275 VL - 99 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Fluorenes KW - N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene KW - 1D7E8EIA7K KW - N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)acetylaminofluorene KW - 37819-60-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - 9M98QLJ2DL KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - DNA Repair KW - DNA Damage KW - Fluorenes -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Deoxyguanosine -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Kinetics KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - Male KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- toxicity KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - DNA -- genetics KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- analogs & derivatives KW - Diet -- adverse effects KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75822909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Biphasic+removal+of+DNA+adducts+in+a+repetitive+DNA+sequence+after+dietary+administration+of+2-acetylaminofluorene.&rft.au=Culp%2C+S+J%3BPoirier%2C+M+C%3BBeland%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Culp&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Carcinogenesis. 1990 Aug;11(8):1343-7 [2387020] Carcinogenesis. 1991 May;12(5):895-900 [2029755] Int J Cancer. 1991 Jun 19;48(4):485-92 [2045196] Chem Biol Interact. 1976 Oct 2;15(2):149-64 [975399] Carcinogenesis. 1989 Jun;10(6):1143-5 [2720908] Carcinogenesis. 1984 Dec;5(12):1591-6 [6499111] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):6943-7 [6594673] Cancer Res. 1985 Nov;45(11 Pt 2):5656-62 [4053037] Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Sep 25;7(2):417-32 [493151] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection and characterization of DNA adducts at the femtomole level by desorption ionization mass spectrometry. AN - 75813322; 8319622 AB - Current methodologies for the detection and isolation of carcinogen-DNA adducts have advanced beyond the capabilities of the methods used to elucidate their structures. This difficulty seriously limits the potential use of DNA-carcinogen adducts in human dosimetry. We have investigated two general strategies for the analysis of model arylamine-nucleoside adducts using desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MS). Using fast atom bombardment MS-MS with constant neutral loss scans, we can identify the protonated molecule of derivatized adducts in samples as small as 1 pmole, and then apply daughter ion MS-MS scans to obtain structure-specific fragmentation. Using this strategy we have differentiated adducts having the same carcinogen and different bases [e.g., N-(deoxyadenosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl and N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4- aminobiphenyl] or the same base and different carcinogens [e.g., N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4- aminobiphenyl and N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene]. In the second approach we used laser desorption time-of-flight MS to obtain spectra from adduct samples as small as 20 fmole. These data indicate that MS can be used for the analysis of very low (picomole-femtomole) levels of nucleoside adducts, including isomers, and that desorption ionization MS and MS-MS have significant potential for applications in human dosimetry. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Lay, J O AU - Chiarelli, M P AU - Bryant, M S AU - Nelson, R W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 191 EP - 193 VL - 99 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Microchemistry -- methods KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment -- methods KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75813322?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Detection+and+characterization+of+DNA+adducts+at+the+femtomole+level+by+desorption+ionization+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Lay%2C+J+O%3BChiarelli%2C+M+P%3BBryant%2C+M+S%3BNelson%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Lay&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 1987 Dec;76:141-5 [3447891] Carcinogenesis. 1991 Apr;12(4):609-16 [2013125] Anal Biochem. 1990 Nov 15;191(1):86-95 [2077944] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Significance of DNA adduct studies in animal models for cancer molecular dosimetry and risk assessment. AN - 75810454; 8319658 AB - To elucidate the relationship between DNA adduct formation and tumorigenesis, a number of experiments have been conducted to measure DNA adducts in target tissues from experimental animals during continuous exposure to carcinogens. With aflatoxins, aromatic amines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tumor induction appears to be associated with the major DNA adduct detected, whereas with N-nitrosamines the response is normally correlated with minor forms of DNA damage. During continuous carcinogen administration, steady-state adduct concentrations are generally obtained in the target tissues, and there is often a linear correlation between the carcinogen concentration and the steady-state DNA adduct level. Exceptions exist when the mechanism of activation changes or with the onset of significant toxicity. Steady-state DNA adduct levels are often linearly related to the tumorigenic response. Carcinogen-induced cell proliferation occurs when significant deviations from linearity are observed. Because DNA adducts detected in humans are chemically identical to those found in experimental animals, DNA adduct data in animals may contribute to our understanding of human cancer risk. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Beland, F A AU - Poirier, M C AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 5 EP - 10 VL - 99 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Amines KW - Carcinogens KW - Nitrosamines KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nitrosamines -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Amines -- toxicity KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Aflatoxins -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - DNA Damage KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75810454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Significance+of+DNA+adduct+studies+in+animal+models+for+cancer+molecular+dosimetry+and+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Beland%2C+F+A%3BPoirier%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Tex Rep Biol Med. 1967 Winter;25(4):553-7 [6082228] Carcinogenesis. 1991 Aug;12(8):1445-9 [1860165] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 May;74(5):1870-4 [266709] Biochem J. 1978 Sep 15;174(3):1031-44 [728073] Cancer Res. 1980 Sep;40(9):3116-7 [7427930] Chem Biol Interact. 1980 Oct;32(1-2):63-81 [7428117] Carcinogenesis. 1982;3(6):723-5 [6811145] Carcinogenesis. 1982;3(12):1405-10 [6295657] Carcinogenesis. 1983;4(3):335-8 [6831638] Carcinogenesis. 1983 Sep;4(9):1193-5 [6411378] Cancer Res. 1984 Oct;44(10):4254-9 [6467185] Carcinogenesis. 1984 Dec;5(12):1591-6 [6499111] Cancer Res. 1985 Jan;45(1):66-8 [3965153] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(19):6492-6 [3931076] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(19):6672-6 [2413443] Int J Cancer. 1985 Dec 15;36(6):661-5 [4066072] Science. 1986 Jan 3;231(4733):54-7 [3941892] Carcinogenesis. 1986 Jun;7(6):853-8 [3085966] Cancer Res. 1986 Aug;46(8):4178-83 [3731085] Cancer Res. 1986 Nov;46(11):5869-77 [3756927] Carcinogenesis. 1988 Mar;9(3):427-32 [3125995] Cancer Res. 1988 Apr 15;48(8):2288-91 [3127049] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1988 Jun 15;80(8):567-76 [3373547] Carcinogenesis. 1988 Jul;9(7):1323-5 [3133131] Cancer Res. 1988 Nov 15;48(22):6328-31 [3141043] Carcinogenesis. 1988 Nov;9(11):1919-26 [3141073] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(23):9243-7 [3143115] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Dec;85(24):9788-91 [3200858] Nature. 1988 Dec 22-29;336(6201):790-2 [3205307] Carcinogenesis. 1989 Jan;10(1):175-81 [2491968] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989 Mar 1;81(5):341-7 [2915370] Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1989 Aug;10(1):74-81 [2505337] Carcinogenesis. 1989 Nov;10(11):2149-53 [2805234] Cancer Res. 1989 Dec 15;49(24 Pt 1):6985-8 [2582440] Cancer Res. 1990 May 15;50(10):3002-4 [2334904] Cancer Res. 1987 Jan 15;47(2):602-8 [3791245] Cancer Res. 1987 Mar 15;47(6):1577-81 [3815358] Nature. 1987 Jun 11-17;327(6122):535-6 [3587368] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1987 Sep;79(3):449-56 [3114532] Cancer Res. 1990 Jun 15;50(12):3772-80 [2340522] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990 Jun 6;82(11):927-33 [2111410] Cancer Res. 1990 Sep 1;50(17):5446-52 [2386949] Carcinogenesis. 1990 Sep;11(9):1677-81 [2119262] Carcinogenesis. 1990 Dec;11(12):2133-5 [2124951] Carcinogenesis. 1991 May;12(5):895-900 [2029755] Int J Cancer. 1991 Jun 19;48(4):485-92 [2045196] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jun 15;88(12):5350-4 [2052611] Carcinogenesis. 1991 Jul;12(7):1273-80 [2070493] Carcinogenesis. 1991 Jul;12(7):1281-5 [1906379] Chem Biol Interact. 1976 Jun;13(3-4):215-22 [178453] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA adduct formation in relation to lymphocyte mutations and lung tumor induction in F344 rats treated with the environmental pollutant 1,6-dinitropyrene. AN - 75805898; 8319643 AB - Epidemiological studies suggest an association between exposure to diesel emissions and an increased incidence of lung and bladder cancer in humans. Of the compounds associated with diesel emissions, 1,6-dinitropyrene is a particularly potent mutagen and carcinogen. In these experiments we administered [4,5,9,10-3H]1,6-dinitropyrene (30 or 100 micrograms) directly to the lungs of F344 rats according to a protocol known to induce lung tumors and characterized the DNA adducts present in the target tissue. In addition, we examined the adducts present in spleen lymphocytes and assayed for the induction of mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase locus in these cells, as measured by the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) T-lymphocytes. Adduct formation was detected in both lung and spleen lymphocyte DNA, with the extent of binding being dose-dependent in the lymphocytes but not the lung. 32P-Postlabeling analyses indicated the formation of a major DNA adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-amino-6- nitropyrene, in both tissues. 1,6-Dinitropyrene treatment resulted in a dose-dependent increase in TGr T-lymphocytes, with the increase being detected for at least 21 weeks after treatment. These data indicate that 1,6-dinitropyrene is metabolically activated by nitroreduction to form DNA adducts in both the target tissue and spleen lymphocytes and that a tumorigenic dose results in a significant induction of TGr T-lymphocytes. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Smith, B A AU - Fullerton, N F AU - Aidoo, A AU - Heflich, R H AU - Beland, F A AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 277 EP - 280 VL - 99 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - hprt KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Pyrenes KW - 1,6-dinitropyrene KW - 66Q2ZUF83N KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Spleen -- metabolism KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Mutation KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Pyrenes -- toxicity KW - DNA Damage KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Pyrenes -- metabolism KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75805898?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=DNA+adduct+formation+in+relation+to+lymphocyte+mutations+and+lung+tumor+induction+in+F344+rats+treated+with+the+environmental+pollutant+1%2C6-dinitropyrene.&rft.au=Smith%2C+B+A%3BFullerton%2C+N+F%3BAidoo%2C+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BBeland%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=&rft.spage=277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date created - 1993-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - hprt N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Natl Cancer Inst. 1972 Sep;49(3):867-77 [4647499] J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1977 Nov 1;171(9):842-4 [924855] Biochemistry. 1981 Nov 24;20(24):6921-9 [7317362] J Chromatogr. 1984 Jun 8;308:121-31 [6746809] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(19):6672-6 [2413443] Environ Mol Mutagen. 1991;17(3):141-51 [2022192] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1987 Aug;9(2):208-21 [2443412] Cancer Lett. 1987 Oct 30;37(2):173-80 [2445467] Carcinogenesis. 1988 Mar;9(3):357-64 [3345577] Carcinogenesis. 1989 Jul;10(7):1285-90 [2736719] Carcinogenesis. 1990 Oct;11(10):1705-10 [2208586] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1986;17(1):23-60 [2427276] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonlinear statistical models for the joint action of toxins. AN - 75787634; 8513113 AB - A general approach using nonlinear regression models is presented for evaluating additivity, synergism, and antagonism of mixtures of toxins for proportions and ratio-scale response measures. This approach provides several advantages over the analysis methods typically used, which involve linear regression with logits or probits. A single model fit is performed, rather than a multistep procedure. Nonadditive alternative models can be easily constructed and tested against the appropriate additive models. The approach avoids the use of data "adjustments" for nonzero background response rates. The analyses are performed in the natural response metric, making interpretation straightforward. Also, the nonlinear regression model can be reparameterized to provide more meaningful primary parameters. JF - Biometrics AU - Barton, C N AU - Braunberg, R C AU - Friedman, L AD - Division of Mathematics, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 95 EP - 105 VL - 49 IS - 1 SN - 0006-341X, 0006-341X KW - Ochratoxins KW - 0 KW - Toxins, Biological KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - Citrinin KW - 3S697X6SNZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Citrinin -- toxicity KW - Regression Analysis KW - Animals KW - Kidney Cortex -- drug effects KW - Drug Interactions KW - Biometry KW - Ochratoxins -- toxicity KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Ochratoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Citrinin -- administration & dosage KW - Swine, Miniature KW - Toxins, Biological -- administration & dosage KW - Models, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75787634?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biometrics&rft.atitle=Nonlinear+statistical+models+for+the+joint+action+of+toxins.&rft.au=Barton%2C+C+N%3BBraunberg%2C+R+C%3BFriedman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biometrics&rft.issn=0006341X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oral administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) produces selective serotonergic depletion in the nonhuman primate. AN - 75782008; 7685472 AB - MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) has been reported to produce serotonergic depletion in nonhuman primates at doses as low as 2.5 mg/kg (1-2 times the typical human dose). The current study evaluated the dose-response relationships of MDMA (1.25-20.0 mg/kg) using regional concentrations of serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and home cage behavior as endpoints. Adult female rhesus monkeys (n = 16) were treated orally with 0, 1.25, 2.5, or 20.0 mg/kg MDMA twice daily for 4 consecutive days. Eighteen behaviors were measured in the home cage prior to, during, and after MDMA treatment. One month after the last dose, the animals were sacrificed and brains dissected into several regions for neurochemical analyses. 5-HT and 5-HIAA were analyzed via HPLC/EC. The lower doses of MDMA (1.25 and 2.5 mg/kg) did not significantly alter 5-HT or 5-HIAA concentrations in any brain region except hippocampus in which 5-HT concentrations were decreased after 2.5 mg/kg. MDMA at 20.0 mg/kg significantly decreased 5-HT and 5-HIAA concentrations in several cortical and midbrain structures. However, 5-HT and 5-HIAA concentrations in brain stem and hypothalamus were not significantly altered after any dose of MDMA. Combined with previous data from this laboratory, these results indicate that the decreased concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in selected brain regions show a selective dose-response relationship for MDMA-induced neurotoxicity as measured by serotonergic depletion in the nonhuman primate. JF - Neurotoxicology and teratology AU - Ali, S F AU - Newport, G D AU - Scallet, A C AU - Binienda, Z AU - Ferguson, S A AU - Bailey, J R AU - Paule, M G AU - Slikker, W AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. PY - 1993 SP - 91 EP - 96 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - 4764-17-4 KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid KW - 54-16-0 KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - KE1SEN21RM KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine -- administration & dosage KW - 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Serotonin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75782008?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.atitle=Oral+administration+of+3%2C4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine+%28MDMA%29+produces+selective+serotonergic+depletion+in+the+nonhuman+primate.&rft.au=Ali%2C+S+F%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BScallet%2C+A+C%3BBinienda%2C+Z%3BFerguson%2C+S+A%3BBailey%2C+J+R%3BPaule%2C+M+G%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro hepatic biotransformation of cocaine in maternal and fetal guinea pigs. Induction of cocaine N-demethylation with cocaine pretreatment. AN - 75734948; 8097714 AB - In vitro N-demethylation of cocaine (COC) was examined in five saline (SAL) and five COC-treated pregnant guinea pigs and their fetuses (60 days, term 69 days). Microsomes from maternal and fetal guinea pigs produced norcocaine (NOR), benzoylnorecgonine (BN), and benzoylecgonine (BE) when incubated with COC. The initial rate of NOR formation was (mean +/- SE) 0.69 +/- 0.09 and 0.002 +/- 0.002 nmol/min/mg in microsomes from SAL-treated dams and their fetuses, respectively. The minimal fetal N-demethylation suggests BN seen previously in vivo after chronic maternal COC administration resulted from maternal formation of NOR and subsequent maternal or fetal hydrolysis to BN. COC pretreatment increased the initial rate of NOR formation to 1.38 +/- 0.28 nmol/min/mg (p < 0.05) and increased the extent of NOR formation by 12 min (p < 0.05). There was no change in total cytochrome P-450 concentrations in the dams. COC pretreatment had no effect on fetal hepatic N-demethylation of COC or total cytochrome P-450 content. The rate of NOR production plateaued in microsomes from both treatment groups by 20 min of incubation and could be restored when the microsomes were washed, repelleted, and reincubated. This suggests a soluble metabolite of COC inhibits COC N-demethylation. Microsomes from both SAL- and COC-treated animals produced this factor in the presence of COC, but the enzyme(s) responsible for COC N-demethylation in the SAL-treated pregnant guinea pig were more sensitive to inhibition than COC-pretreated animals. JF - Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals AU - Sandberg, J A AU - Murphey, L J AU - Olsen, G D AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/Food and Drug Administration, Portland, OR. PY - 1993 SP - 390 EP - 395 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - Aminopyrine KW - 01704YP3MO KW - norcocaine KW - 3SL7BR2M1E KW - benzoylecgonine KW - 5353I8I6YS KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - benzoylnorecgonine KW - J518R38LAU KW - Index Medicus KW - Dealkylation KW - Animals KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Biotransformation KW - Aminopyrine -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Pregnancy KW - Cocaine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Cocaine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Cocaine -- pharmacology KW - Cocaine -- metabolism KW - Fetus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75734948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.atitle=In+vitro+hepatic+biotransformation+of+cocaine+in+maternal+and+fetal+guinea+pigs.+Induction+of+cocaine+N-demethylation+with+cocaine+pretreatment.&rft.au=Sandberg%2C+J+A%3BMurphey%2C+L+J%3BOlsen%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Sandberg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-01 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Method. V. Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric confirmation of 8-hydroxymutilin, a tiamulin metabolite, in swine liver extracts. AN - 75692768; 8471876 JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Markus, J R AU - Sherma, J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20855. PY - 1993 SP - 459 EP - 460 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Diterpenes KW - tiamulin KW - E38WZ4U54R KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- methods KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- standards KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Diterpenes -- metabolism KW - Diterpenes -- chemistry KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- metabolism KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Liver -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75692768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Method.+V.+Gas+chromatographic%2Fmass+spectrometric+confirmation+of+8-hydroxymutilin%2C+a+tiamulin+metabolite%2C+in+swine+liver+extracts.&rft.au=Markus%2C+J+R%3BSherma%2C+J&rft.aulast=Markus&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=459&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of fungi in shared-use cosmetics available to the public. AN - 75683347; 8471870 AB - A survey was conducted to assess both the potential health risk from shared-use cosmetics caused by microorganisms and the microbial efficacy of preservatives in cosmetics. Samples of 3027 shared-use cosmetic products were collected from 171 retail establishments nationwide. Fungi were present in 10.4% of the products, and 3.9% contained fungal pathogens or opportunistic pathogens. The 423 fungal isolates identified represented 33 genera and at least 69 species. A disproportionately large share of the fungal isolates were from eye products; fewer were from lip products. Pathogenic or opportunistic pathogens made up 32.2% of the fungal isolates. A slightly lower percentage of samples that contained preservatives had fungi, a fact suggesting that preservatives reduce the incidence of fungi in cosmetics. Results of this survey indicate potential microbiological problems concerning the safety of shared-use cosmetics. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Mislivec, P B AU - Bandler, R AU - Allen, G AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiology, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 430 EP - 436 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Cosmetics KW - 0 KW - Preservatives, Pharmaceutical KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Time Factors KW - Cosmetics -- economics KW - Fungi -- isolation & purification KW - Commerce KW - Fungi -- growth & development KW - Cosmetics -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75683347?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+fungi+in+shared-use+cosmetics+available+to+the+public.&rft.au=Mislivec%2C+P+B%3BBandler%2C+R%3BAllen%2C+G&rft.aulast=Mislivec&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=430&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Method. I. Liquid chromatographic determination of tiamulin hydrogen fumarate in feed premixes. AN - 75683011; 8471872 JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Markus, J R AU - Sherma, J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Rockville, MD 20855. PY - 1993 SP - 444 EP - 446 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Diterpenes KW - Polyvinyl Chloride KW - 9002-86-2 KW - tiamulin KW - E38WZ4U54R KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Animals KW - Diterpenes -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Polyvinyl Chloride -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75683011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Method.+I.+Liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+tiamulin+hydrogen+fumarate+in+feed+premixes.&rft.au=Markus%2C+J+R%3BSherma%2C+J&rft.aulast=Markus&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=444&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous determination of multiple tetracycline residues in milk using metal chelate affinity chromatography. AN - 75682886; 8471858 AB - A method was developed for the determination of 7 tetracyclines in milk. Raw milk samples are defatted, acidified, and centrifuged to remove proteins, and the tetracyclines are specifically absorbed from the milk by chelation with metal ions bound to small Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow columns. The tetracyclines are removed from these columns with EDTA-containing buffer, and the extracts are further cleaned up by centrifugal ultrafiltration. Finally, the extracts are concentrated and analyzed simultaneously by on-line concentration. This method has limits of detection for individual tetracyclines of < 5 ng/mL and was validated with fortified milk samples at 15, 30, and 60 ng/mL. Recoveries exceeded 60% for all tetracyclines at all levels, with good precision. The method was also tested on milk from cows dosed with each of the tetracyclines. Advantages of this method over existing methods include its sensitivity, minimal use of organic solvents, and speed; with an autosampler, at least 14 samples can be processed and analyzed in 1 day. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Carson, M C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Veterinary Medical Research, Beltsville, MD 20705. PY - 1993 SP - 329 EP - 334 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Buffers KW - 0 KW - Chelating Agents KW - Tetracyclines KW - Sepharose KW - 9012-36-6 KW - Edetic Acid KW - 9G34HU7RV0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ultrafiltration KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Food Contamination KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Female KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Tetracyclines -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, Affinity -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75682886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+determination+of+multiple+tetracycline+residues+in+milk+using+metal+chelate+affinity+chromatography.&rft.au=Carson%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatomegaly with severe steatosis in HIV-seropositive patients. AN - 75678382; 8471200 AB - To describe death attributed to severe hepatomegaly and macrovesicular steatosis without inflammation or necrosis in HIV-seropositive patients without AIDS. Patients from the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Adverse Reactions and the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Spontaneous Report databases. Six fatal and two non-fatal cases in which no known cause of hepatic steatosis could be found were identified. With one possible exception, none of the six fatal cases had a diagnosis of AIDS and all were in reasonable nutritional status (as indicated by weight and/or serum albumin); the majority were mildly to moderately overweight. All had received at least 6 months of antiretroviral therapy, and all had gastrointestinal complaints without other non-hepatic abdominal pathology. At least three out of the six had no history of progressively abnormal liver function tests until a few weeks prior to the onset of symptoms and subsequent death. Further investigation of the FDA and ACTG databases identified two similar but non-fatal cases in which abnormalities resolved after cessation of antiretroviral therapy. The cases described represent a degree of hepatic abnormalities that has not been reported previously in HIV-seropositive patients, and are probably an underestimate of actual incidence, since patients with possible etiologies of liver disease were excluded from the clinical history, laboratory, microbiologic, or histologic examination. The etiology of hepatic disease may be associated with antiretroviral therapy, HIV, or an unidentifiable infection, and requires further investigation. JF - AIDS (London, England) AU - Freiman, J P AU - Helfert, K E AU - Hamrell, M R AU - Stein, D S AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 379 EP - 385 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases KW - EC 2.6.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Aspartate Aminotransferases -- blood KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - Humans KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Zidovudine -- therapeutic use KW - Hepatomegaly -- etiology KW - Fatty Liver -- complications KW - Fatty Liver -- diagnosis KW - Zidovudine -- adverse effects KW - Fatty Liver -- mortality KW - Fatty Liver -- blood KW - Hepatomegaly -- mortality KW - HIV Seropositivity -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75678382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Hepatomegaly+with+severe+steatosis+in+HIV-seropositive+patients.&rft.au=Freiman%2C+J+P%3BHelfert%2C+K+E%3BHamrell%2C+M+R%3BStein%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Freiman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic determination of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline, 2-naphthol, and 2,4-dinitroaniline in D&C red no. 36. AN - 75676390; 8471855 AB - A method is described for the determination of the intermediates and a related impurity in D&C Red No. 36 by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. This method may be used to ensure that limits set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations on the amounts of these 3 impurities in the color are not exceeded. The pigment is dissolved in boiling dioxane and then precipitated. The filtrate is chromatographed by isocratic elution, and then the column is washed and reequilibrated. Impurities were identified as 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline (2-Cl-4-NA), 2-naphthol, and 2,4-dinitroaniline (2,4-DNA) by comparison of their retention times and spectra with those of standards. Peak area calibrations were linear to at least 0.375% 2-Cl-4-NA, 1.25% 2-naphthol, and 0.025% 2,4-DNA, all with zero intercepts. At the specification levels, 99% confidence limits were 0.30 +/- 0.006% for 2-Cl-4-NA, 1.0 +/- 0.03% for 2-naphthol, and 0.020 +/- 0.0004% for 2,4-DNA. The limits of determination calculated from calibration data were 0.019% for 2-Cl-4-NA, 0.10% for 2-naphthol, and 0.0014% for 2,4-DNA at the 99% confidence level. Recoveries were 100-104% for 2-Cl-4-NA added to purified D&C Red No. 36, 100% for 2-naphthol, and 100-110% for 2,4-DNA; relative standard deviations were 0.8-3.4%. A survey of certified D&C Red No. 36 samples showed that the batches contained higher levels of intermediates than were determined previously by a cellulose column method in which the pigment was not dissolved. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Scher, A L AU - Adamo, N C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 287 EP - 291 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Azo Compounds KW - Cosmetics KW - Food Coloring Agents KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Naphthols KW - 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline KW - 121-87-9 KW - D.C. Red No. 36 KW - 2814-77-9 KW - 2,4-dinitroaniline KW - 5BI780R6W6 KW - 2-naphthol KW - P2Z71CIK5H KW - Index Medicus KW - Cosmetics -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Naphthols -- analysis KW - Azo Compounds -- analysis KW - Food Coloring Agents -- analysis KW - Aniline Compounds -- analysis KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75676390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+2-chloro-4-nitroaniline%2C+2-naphthol%2C+and+2%2C4-dinitroaniline+in+D%26amp%3BC+red+no.+36.&rft.au=Scher%2C+A+L%3BAdamo%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Scher&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-20 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Particle beam liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with negative ion chemical ionization for the confirmation of ivermectin residue in bovine milk and liver. AN - 75666170; 8461342 AB - Particle beam liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) using negative ion chemical ionization was applied to the analysis of ivermectin residue in bovine milk and liver. Samples were prepared by liquid/liquid extraction followed by alumina B solid-phase extraction clean-up. On-line LC/MS of extracts was carried out on a C-18 bonded silica column. Signals were observed from on-column injections of 4 ng dihydro-avermectin B1a (H2B1a) in extracts equivalent to 2 ml milk or 0.3 g liver. The specificity required for a regulatory confirmation procedure was achieved by monitoring the H2B1a molecular ion and four fragment ions. Ion chromatogram peak areas were at least three times greater than control samples integrated over the same time window. Coeluting matrix compounds enhanced the response and altered the abundance pattern of H2B1a. To compensate for this matrix effect, control milk extracts were spiked with H2B1a standard and used for the abundance matching for the abundance matching requirement of regulatory confirmation. JF - Biological mass spectrometry AU - Heller, D N AU - Schenck, F J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Beltsville, Maryland 20705. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 184 EP - 193 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 1052-9306, 1052-9306 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Ivermectin KW - 70288-86-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Ivermectin -- analysis KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75666170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+mass+spectrometry&rft.atitle=Particle+beam+liquid+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry+with+negative+ion+chemical+ionization+for+the+confirmation+of+ivermectin+residue+in+bovine+milk+and+liver.&rft.au=Heller%2C+D+N%3BSchenck%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+mass+spectrometry&rft.issn=10529306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A fetal alcohol syndrome surveillance pilot project in American Indian communities in the Northern Plains. AN - 75657502; 8464980 AB - A pilot fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) surveillance was carried out in four American Indian communities in the Northern Plains by the Aberdeen Area Indian Health Service to determine the incidence of FAS and to evaluate the feasibility of establishing continuing surveillance for FAS. Baseline data on the incidence of FAS would be used by the Indian Health Service to develop and evaluate preventive interventions, including treatment programs for pregnant women who drink alcohol. Four of the 1,022 children included in the project were found to have FAS, a rate of 3.9 per 1,000 live births. The rate is believed to underestimate the true rate of FAS because some low birth weight children were not screened, parents or guardians were reluctant to bring children suspected of FAS for evaluation, clinicians were hesitant to diagnose possible alcohol-damaged children for fear of labeling the child, and some children with FAS died before the diagnosis of FAS could be confirmed. If the rate of FAS is similar for the 39 percent of the infants not screened and for the 25 percent of suspected infants who were not evaluated, a rate of 8.5 cases of FAS per 1,000 live births may be postulated. The authors recommend routine screening of prenatal patients for substance abuse and establishing a tracking system for low birth weight infants suspected to have FAS or other alcohol-related developmental disorders, in an effort to establish more accurate FAS rates. Such a surveillance system would identify women at risk of having alcohol-affected infants so that appropriate treatment and counseling could be provided, possibly reducing the severity of adverse effects of alcohol on their fetuses. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Duimstra, C AU - Johnson, D AU - Kutsch, C AU - Wang, B AU - Zentner, M AU - Kellerman, S AU - Welty, T AD - Public Health Service's Aberdeen Area Indian Health Service Eidemiology Program, Rapid City, SD 57702-8197. PY - 1993 SP - 225 EP - 229 VL - 108 IS - 2 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - United States Indian Health Service KW - Humans KW - Pilot Projects KW - Midwestern United States -- epidemiology KW - Indians, North American KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75657502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=A+fetal+alcohol+syndrome+surveillance+pilot+project+in+American+Indian+communities+in+the+Northern+Plains.&rft.au=Duimstra%2C+C%3BJohnson%2C+D%3BKutsch%2C+C%3BWang%2C+B%3BZentner%2C+M%3BKellerman%2C+S%3BWelty%2C+T&rft.aulast=Duimstra&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=225&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Pediatr. 1967 Aug;71(2):181-91 [6029467] Public Health Rep. 1991 Sep-Oct;106(5):484-9 [1910181] Science. 1980 Jul 18;209(4454):353-61 [6992275] Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol. 1981 Summer;3(2):153-6 [7195991] Nurs Res. 1981 Sep-Oct;30(5):290-3 [6170049] Alcohol Health Res World. 1982-1983 Winter;7(2):3-9 [10273386] Acta Paediatr Scand. 1985 Jan;74(1):27-35 [3984724] Soc Biol. 1983 Winter;30(4):374-87 [6336013] J Dev Behav Pediatr. 1986 Apr;7(2):77-83 [2422216] Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol. 1985 Nov-Dec;7(6):739-43 [3835475] Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse. 1987 Summer;6(4):87-104 [3425480] Pediatrics. 1988 Jun;81(6):772-8 [3368276] MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1988 Jul;37(3):17-24 [3137448] Alcohol. 1988 May-Jun;5(3):209-14 [3415765] Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989 Mar;160(3):692-3 [2929694] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1989;562:145-58 [2742272] Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1989 Aug;13(4):597-8 [2679217] N Engl J Med. 1990 Jan 11;322(2):95-9 [2248624] Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990 Apr;85(4):505-12 [2315390] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1976;273:138-9 [1072342] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An overview of occupational hazards among veterinarians, with particular reference to pregnant women. AN - 75611245; 8447254 AB - Veterinarians are challenged by an imposing group of occupational hazards, including exposure to ionizing radiation, injury, infectious agents, and chemicals. In this paper, the health hazards in the typical veterinary practice are inventoried, and the risks of each are assessed. During the past few decades, there has been a significant increase in women entering the veterinary profession. Information is presented concerning the impact of various occupational hazards on the health of female practitioners and paraprofessionals, particularly in regard to the reproductive system. Many of the occupational hazards are exclusively, or more significantly, detrimental to females (particularly when pregnant) and to their unborn. Women must be aware of and avoid these hazards in their clinical environment. The purpose of this review is to assist practitioners in identifying and assessing the hazards in their practice and determining what steps must be taken to eliminate or reduce them. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Moore, R M AU - Davis, Y M AU - Kaczmarek, R G AD - Epidemiology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 113 EP - 120 VL - 54 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Female KW - Zoonoses -- transmission KW - Pregnancy KW - Needlestick Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Health KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Women, Working -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Veterinary Medicine -- manpower KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75611245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+occupational+hazards+among+veterinarians%2C+with+particular+reference+to+pregnant+women.&rft.au=Moore%2C+R+M%3BDavis%2C+Y+M%3BKaczmarek%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - School Health Primary Care Programs in Community and Migrant Health Centers and Health Care for the Homeless Projects. Directory. AN - 62862055; ED360302 AB - This directory identifies 254 Community and Migrant Health Centers (C/MHC) and Health Care for the Homeless (HCH) programs in 10 regions of the United States that, in response to local requests and with mostly local resources, developed either school-based or school-linked health programs. Each listing provides information under the following headings: address, contact, type of program, health care and other services provided, service providers, relation to Head Start, non 329/330/340 funding sources, problems encountered, program history, and plan for the next 2-5 years. Two appendixes provide a list of persons on the Bureau of Primary Health Care workgroup on school health and an address list of Ready-To-Learn School Health Program Conference Speakers. (AMH) Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - March 1993 SP - 154 KW - Comprehensive School Health Programs KW - Integrated Services KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - School Health Services KW - School Community Relationship KW - At Risk Persons KW - Elementary School Students KW - Child Health KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Primary Health Care KW - Secondary School Students KW - Health Promotion KW - School Health Services KW - School Community Relationship KW - At Risk Persons KW - Elementary School Students KW - Child Health KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Primary Health Care KW - Secondary School Students KW - Health Promotion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62862055?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of Alachlor by the Fungus Cunninghamella elegans AN - 19141883; 9305937 AB - The fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112 transformed 98.6% of (14-C)alachlor (2-chloro-N-methoxymethly-N-(2,6- diethylphenyl)acetamide) added to Sabouraud's dextrose broth to four metabolites within 96 h. Metabolism occurred predominantly by benzylic hydroxylation of one of the arylethyl side chains. Metabolism occurred predominantly by benzylic hydroxylation of one of the arylethyl side chains. Metabolites were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and identified by 1-H nuclear magnetic resonance, UV, and mass spectral techniques. Two major metabolites were isomers of 2-chloro-N-(methoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-(1-hydroxyethly)- phenyl) acetamide and another was 2-chloro-N-(2,6- diethylphenyl)acetamide; the minor metabolite was 2-chloro- N-methoxymethyl)-N-(2-vinyl-6-ethylphenyl)acetamide. The fungal transformations appear to be similar to those of mammalian microsomal oxidation since C. elegans oxidized alachlor at the benzylic positions and N-dealkylation occurred. (Author's abstract) JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry JAFCAU, Vol. 41, No. 3, p 483-488, March 1993. 4 fig, 2 tab, 43 ref. AU - Pothuluri, J V AU - Freeman, J P AU - Evans, F E AU - Moorman, T B AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - Mar 1993 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Descriptors: *Alachlor KW - *Biodegradation KW - *Fate of pollutants KW - *Fungi KW - *Herbicides KW - Chemical reactions KW - Chlorinated pesticides KW - Dealkylation KW - Metabolism KW - Microbial degradation KW - Microbiological studies KW - Pesticides KW - SW 3020:Sources and fate of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19141883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+Alachlor+by+the+Fungus+Cunninghamella+elegans&rft.au=Pothuluri%2C+J+V%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BMoorman%2C+T+B%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Pothuluri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Improved analytical methodology for the derivatization and HPLC-fluorometric determination of okadaic acid in phytoplankton and shellfish. AN - 16588085; 3021740 AB - A method for the derivatization and liquid chromatographic determination of the marine toxin okadaic acid (OA) was developed. Okadaic acid was extracted from cultured dinoflagellates and from homogenized shellfish with aqueous 80% methanol and partitioned into chloroform from water. OA in the extract was derivatized in acetonitrile with 1-bromoacetylpyrene. The product, pyrenacyl okadaate, was then separated from excess reagent and reaction by-products by solid phase extraction following the method of Lee. Analyses were carried out in acetonitrile solution on a C sub(18) reversed-phase column using aqueous 75% acetonitrile as mobile phase with fluorometric detection at 365 nm excitation and 418 nm emission. Deoxycholic acid (DOCA) derivatized and extracted by the same procedure was employed as internal standard. Peak height coefficients of variation for 12 randomized injections of three OA standard concentrations (5, 10 and 50 ng) with fixed DOCA concentrations (40 ng) ranged from 1.72% to 8.65% for OA and 1.82% to 9.23% for DOCA. The relative retention time OA/DOCA was 0.598 plus or minus 0.001 (n = 13). Standard OA recoveries from shellfish at spike levels of 1.0 mu g/g or larger were greater than 95%. The method was linear between 1.0 and 80 ng of OA injected and the lower limit of detection was 0.1 ng. JF - DEV. MAR. BIOL. 1993. AU - Dickey, R W AU - Granade, H R AU - Bencsath, F A A2 - Smayda, TJ A2 - Shimizu, Y (eds) Y1 - 1993/03// PY - 1993 DA - Mar 1993 PB - ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM (NETHERLANDS) SN - 0444897194 KW - okadaic acid KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts KW - Marine KW - phytoplankton KW - biological poisons KW - shellfish KW - analytical techniques KW - red tides KW - algal blooms KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - O 1090:Instruments/Methods KW - O 5090:Instruments/Methods KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16588085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Dickey%2C+R+W%3BGranade%2C+H+R%3BBencsath%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Dickey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0444897194&rft.btitle=Improved+analytical+methodology+for+the+derivatization+and+HPLC-fluorometric+determination+of+okadaic+acid+in+phytoplankton+and+shellfish.&rft.title=Improved+analytical+methodology+for+the+derivatization+and+HPLC-fluorometric+determination+of+okadaic+acid+in+phytoplankton+and+shellfish.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of alkaloids in foods with a multi-detector high-performance liquid chromatographic system. AN - 75638648; 8454720 AB - A general screening method for alkaloid drugs in foods is described based on high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection at three wavelengths, followed by fluorescence and electrochemical detectors in series. The chromatographic conditions include an ion-pairing reagent, which makes it possible to chromatograph acidic and basic drugs with one screen. Relative response ratios were determined from the peak areas of the alkaloids on the basis of all the detector signals. These ratios were used to create a "fingerprint" of the drugs and to predict the identity of an unknown component in a sample matrix. The fluorescence and electrochemical detectors allowed a detection limit for many of the alkaloids which would not be attainable with the ultraviolet detector alone. Typical detection limits with the electrochemical detector were 5-50 ng/ml and with the fluorescence detector 5-500 ng/ml, while the ultraviolet detector had detection limits of 1-20 micrograms/ml. The spiking concentrations in the relative response ratio experiments were approximately five times above the lowest detection limit. The extraction method investigated for orange juice yielded recoveries for most alkaloids of 80-100%. A stability study of ergot alkaloids in various food matrices demonstrated degradation, depending on the matrix, temperature, and duration of the experiment. JF - Journal of chromatography AU - Lin, L A AD - National Forensic Chemistry Center, US Food and Drug Administration, Cincinnati, OH 45202. Y1 - 1993/02/19/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Feb 19 SP - 69 EP - 78 VL - 632 IS - 1-2 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Ergot Alkaloids KW - Index Medicus KW - Citrus KW - Animals KW - Vegetables KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Beverages -- analysis KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- analysis KW - Electrochemistry KW - Milk -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Alkaloids -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75638648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.atitle=Detection+of+alkaloids+in+foods+with+a+multi-detector+high-performance+liquid+chromatographic+system.&rft.au=Lin%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-02-19&rft.volume=632&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacological bone marrow purging in autologous transplantation: focus on the cyclophosphamide derivatives. AN - 75946116; 8373540 JF - Critical reviews in oncology/hematology AU - Murgo, A J AU - Weinberger, B B AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 41 EP - 60 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 1040-8428, 1040-8428 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - mafosfamide KW - 5970HH9923 KW - Cyclophosphamide KW - 8N3DW7272P KW - perfosfamide KW - U880A4FUDA KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Animals KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Cyclophosphamide -- analogs & derivatives KW - Cyclophosphamide -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Bone Marrow Purging -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75946116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+oncology%2Fhematology&rft.atitle=Pharmacological+bone+marrow+purging+in+autologous+transplantation%3A+focus+on+the+cyclophosphamide+derivatives.&rft.au=Murgo%2C+A+J%3BWeinberger%2C+B+B&rft.aulast=Murgo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+oncology%2Fhematology&rft.issn=10408428&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-10-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytochrome P-450: the Japanese connection. AN - 75641480; 8463126 JF - Japanese journal of cancer research : Gann AU - Gelboin, H V AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 VL - 84 IS - 2 SN - 0910-5050, 0910-5050 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75641480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japanese+journal+of+cancer+research+%3A+Gann&rft.atitle=Cytochrome+P-450%3A+the+Japanese+connection.&rft.au=Gelboin%2C+H+V&rft.aulast=Gelboin&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=inside+front+cover&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Japanese+journal+of+cancer+research+%3A+Gann&rft.issn=09105050&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of arsenic exposures and controls in gallium arsenide production. AN - 75638508; 8452098 AB - The electronics industry is expanding the use of gallium arsenide in the production of optoelectronic devices and integrated circuits. Workers in the electronics industry using gallium arsenide are exposed to hazardous substances such as arsenic, arsine, and various acids. Arsenic requires stringent controls to minimize exposures (the current OSHA PEL for arsenic is 10 micrograms/m3 and the NIOSH REL is 2 micrograms/m3 ceiling). Inorganic arsenic is strongly implicated in respiratory tract and skin cancer. For these reasons, NIOSH researchers conducted a study of control systems for facilities using gallium arsenide. Seven walk-through surveys were performed to identify locations for detailed study which appeared to have effective controls; three facilities were chosen for in-depth evaluation. The controls were evaluated by industrial hygiene sampling. Including personal breathing zone and area air sampling for arsenic and arsine; wipe samples for arsenic also were collected. Work practices and the use of personal protective equipment were documented. This paper reports on the controls and the arsenic exposure results from the evaluation of the following gallium arsenide processes: Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) and Horizontal Bridgeman (HB) crystal growing, LEC cleaning operations, ingot grinding/wafer sawing, and epitaxy. Results at one plant showed that in all processes except epitaxy, average arsenic exposures were at or above the OSHA action level of 5 micrograms/m3. While cleaning the LEC crystal pullers, the average potential arsenic exposure of the cleaning operators was 100 times the OSHA PEL. At the other two plants, personal exposures for arsenic were well controlled in LEC, LEC cleaning, grinding/sawing, and epitaxy operations. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Sheehy, J W AU - Jones, J H AD - Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 61 EP - 69 VL - 54 IS - 2 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Arsenicals KW - gallium arsenide KW - 27FC46GA44 KW - Gallium KW - CH46OC8YV4 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Occupational Health KW - Arsenic -- analysis KW - Gallium -- analysis KW - Air Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Electronics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75638508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+arsenic+exposures+and+controls+in+gallium+arsenide+production.&rft.au=Sheehy%2C+J+W%3BJones%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Sheehy&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Screening for disulfiram-induced liver test dysfunction in an inpatient alcoholism program. AN - 75628465; 8383924 AB - The objective of this study was to report the frequency of disulfiram-related elevations of four commonly used hepatic screening chemistries using a retrospective record review design. An inpatient alcoholism program was selected for the setting. Patients who had initial laboratory values within the normal range started daily supervised doses of disulfiram, then underwent follow-up testing after 2 and 4 weeks on the drug. The study population consisted of 108 patients receiving disulfiram and 27 patients who did not receive disulfiram (controls). The four screening serum chemistries performed were aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Twenty-seven (25%) of the 108 patients who were taking 250 mg of disulfiram a day for 2 to 4 weeks had disulfiram-related elevations in alanine aminotransferase above the upper limit of normal, as opposed to one elevation in 27 patients (4%) for whom disulfiram was not prescribed. In the 108 patients (with initially normal serum chemistries) who were prescribed disulfiram, 32 were discontinued from the drug at 2 weeks and an additional 11 were discontinued from the drug at 4 weeks because of one or more abnormal serum chemistries. Alanine aminotransferase was the most specific and sensitive indicator of the four screening chemistries performed. JF - Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research AU - Wright, C AU - Moore, R D AU - Grodin, D M AU - Spyker, D A AU - Gill, E V AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 184 EP - 186 VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0145-6008, 0145-6008 KW - Enzymes KW - 0 KW - Disulfiram KW - TR3MLJ1UAI KW - Index Medicus KW - Enzymes -- blood KW - Prospective Studies KW - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- blood KW - Alcoholism -- rehabilitation KW - Mass Screening KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- prevention & control KW - Hospitalization KW - Disulfiram -- adverse effects KW - Disulfiram -- administration & dosage KW - Disulfiram -- pharmacokinetics KW - Liver Function Tests KW - Alcoholism -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75628465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcoholism%2C+clinical+and+experimental+research&rft.atitle=Screening+for+disulfiram-induced+liver+test+dysfunction+in+an+inpatient+alcoholism+program.&rft.au=Wright%2C+C%3BMoore%2C+R+D%3BGrodin%2C+D+M%3BSpyker%2C+D+A%3BGill%2C+E+V&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcoholism%2C+clinical+and+experimental+research&rft.issn=01456008&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-12 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production and release of IL-1 beta by human peripheral blood monocytes in response to diverse stimuli: possible role of "microdamage" to account for unregulated release. AN - 75620590; 8457632 AB - Three different stimuli [lipopolysaccharide (LPS), concanavalin A (Con A), and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)] all induced production and release of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) from human monocytes in vitro. Of the three, LPS demonstrated the greatest potency for IL-1 beta production. LPS and Con A demonstrated similar efficacy with respect to IL-1 beta release. LPS was approximately 1000 times more potent than Con A in this regard. LPS- and Con A-induced IL-1 beta release occurred within 3 h and 12-24 h, respectively. Challenge with PMA induced low levels of IL-1 beta production with a relatively large percentage released. IL-1 beta release by all three stimuli occurred at concentrations greater than or equal to those required for optimal IL-1 beta production. The amount of IL-1 beta released correlated with total IL-1 beta produced and was associated with release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a cytosolic enzyme marker used to evaluate cell membrane integrity. IL-1 beta release preceded LDH release temporally. LPS and Con A had no effect on total cell protein synthesis, a measure of overt toxicity, while PMA inhibited protein synthesis in a dose-dependent fashion. LPS and Con A both induced expression of a 33- and 29-kDa precursor IL-1 beta, but only the 17-kDa form was released. These data suggest that IL-1 beta is released by a process different from regulated secretion. While PMA induces a more profound damage, LPS and Con A may stimulate release of IL-1 beta from human monocytes in vitro through induction of microdamage to the cell membrane. JF - Lymphokine and cytokine research AU - Jessop, J J AU - Hoffman, T AD - Laboratory of Cell Biology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 51 EP - 58 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 1056-5477, 1056-5477 KW - Interleukin-1 KW - 0 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Concanavalin A KW - 11028-71-0 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cell Membrane -- immunology KW - Cell Membrane -- drug effects KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- secretion KW - Concanavalin A -- pharmacology KW - Interleukin-1 -- biosynthesis KW - Monocytes -- secretion KW - Monocytes -- immunology KW - Monocytes -- drug effects KW - Interleukin-1 -- secretion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75620590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lymphokine+and+cytokine+research&rft.atitle=Production+and+release+of+IL-1+beta+by+human+peripheral+blood+monocytes+in+response+to+diverse+stimuli%3A+possible+role+of+%22microdamage%22+to+account+for+unregulated+release.&rft.au=Jessop%2C+J+J%3BHoffman%2C+T&rft.aulast=Jessop&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lymphokine+and+cytokine+research&rft.issn=10565477&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seasonal changes in rule infractions among prisoners: a preliminary test of the temperature-aggression hypothesis. AN - 75620537; 8451356 AB - To test the temperature-aggression hypothesis, seasonal changes in aggression as indexed by reported rule infractions were studied for prisoners located at the Patuxent Institution, Jessup, Maryland. 5383 reports of rule infractions occurred between July 1987 and March 1991. Rule infractions occurred more frequently during the hot summer months than the three other seasons of the year. This summer effect, though significant, is only a few percent above a theoretical chance level based on the number of days comprising the seasons. A much stronger monthly effect over 45 months was found, but the bases of erratic fluctuations are not known. JF - Psychological reports AU - Haertzen, C AU - Buxton, K AU - Covi, L AU - Richards, H AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Addiction Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 195 EP - 200 VL - 72 IS - 1 SN - 0033-2941, 0033-2941 KW - Index Medicus KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Humans KW - Hot Temperature -- adverse effects KW - Maryland KW - Male KW - Aggression -- psychology KW - Seasons KW - Temperature KW - Prisoners -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75620537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychological+reports&rft.atitle=Seasonal+changes+in+rule+infractions+among+prisoners%3A+a+preliminary+test+of+the+temperature-aggression+hypothesis.&rft.au=Haertzen%2C+C%3BBuxton%2C+K%3BCovi%2C+L%3BRichards%2C+H&rft.aulast=Haertzen&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychological+reports&rft.issn=00332941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-12 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of Salmonella enteritidis phage types from egg-associated outbreaks and implicated laying flocks. AN - 75591056; 8432319 AB - Infections due to Salmonella enteritidis are increasing worldwide. In the United States, between 1985 and 1989, 78% of the S. enteritidis outbreaks in which a food vehicle was identified implicated a food containing raw or lightly cooked shell eggs. Under a US Department of Agriculture regulation published in 1990, eggs implicated in human food-borne S. enteritidis outbreaks were traced back to the source flock. The flock environment and the internal organs of a sample of hens were tested for S. enteritidis. We compared the S. enteritidis phage types of isolates from 18 human, egg-associated outbreaks and the 15 flocks implicated through traceback of these outbreaks. The predominant human outbreak phage type was recovered from the environment in 100% of implicated flocks and from the internal organs of hens in 88% of implicated flocks we tested. The results support the use of phage typing as a tool to identify flocks involved in human S. enteritidis outbreaks. JF - Epidemiology and infection AU - Altekruse, S AU - Koehler, J AU - Hickman-Brenner, F AU - Tauxe, R V AU - Ferris, K AD - Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 17 EP - 22 VL - 110 IS - 1 SN - 0950-2688, 0950-2688 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Case-Control Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Bacteriophage Typing KW - Salmonella Phages KW - Female KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- classification KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Salmonella Food Poisoning -- microbiology KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75591056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+and+infection&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+phage+types+from+egg-associated+outbreaks+and+implicated+laying+flocks.&rft.au=Altekruse%2C+S%3BKoehler%2C+J%3BHickman-Brenner%2C+F%3BTauxe%2C+R+V%3BFerris%2C+K&rft.aulast=Altekruse&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+and+infection&rft.issn=09502688&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-12 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Epidemiol Infect. 1987 Oct;99(2):291-4 [3315705] JAMA. 1988 Apr 8;259(14):2103-7 [3279240] Rev Infect Dis. 1988 Jan-Feb;10(1):111-24 [2832925] Epidemiol Infect. 1989 Dec;103(3):415-23 [2691262] Poult Sci. 1991 Dec;70(12):2429-32 [1784564] N Engl J Med. 1990 Aug 9;323(6):394-7 [2196465] Epidemiol Infect. 1990 Aug;105(1):21-7 [2200698] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1990 Dec 21;39(50):909-12 [2123514] J Clin Microbiol. 1991 Dec;29(12):2817-23 [1757554] Avian Dis. 1990 Apr-Jun;34(2):438-46 [2196046] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of a tumor suppressor function in immortal Syrian hamster cells by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. AN - 75584735; 7679613 AB - Clonal lines of immortal Syrian hamster cells were previously isolated that either suppressed (supB+) tumorigenicity in hybrids with a malignant hamster cell line (BP6T) or had lost this suppression ability (supB-). Neither line was tumorigenic or showed anchorage-independent growth in normal growth medium. SupB- cells, but not supB+ cells, grew in agar supplemented with the growth factors EGF, PDGF and insulin (EPI), providing a selective assay for the supB- phenotype. After treatment of supB+ cells with either N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (10-300 ng/ml) or 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (25-250 ng/ml), and an expression period of 4-8 weeks, a dose-dependent increase in altered cells that grew in agar supplemented with EPI was observed. Cell lines derived from colonies in agar showed persistent EPI-stimulated growth in agar, and decreased suppression of growth in agar for hybrids with BP6T cells. Thus, carcinogen-induced loss of the tumor suppressor phenotype has been demonstrated. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - West, R W AU - Barrett, J C AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 285 EP - 289 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Insulin KW - Platelet-Derived Growth Factor KW - Methylnitronitrosoguanidine KW - 12H3O2UGSF KW - Epidermal Growth Factor KW - 62229-50-9 KW - decitabine KW - 776B62CQ27 KW - Azacitidine KW - M801H13NRU KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Adhesion -- physiology KW - Platelet-Derived Growth Factor -- pharmacology KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Insulin -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Mice, Nude KW - Epidermal Growth Factor -- pharmacology KW - Phenotype KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Mesocricetus KW - Embryo, Mammalian KW - Cell Line KW - Cricetinae KW - Azacitidine -- pharmacology KW - Genes, Tumor Suppressor -- drug effects KW - Azacitidine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Methylnitronitrosoguanidine -- pharmacology KW - Genes, Tumor Suppressor -- physiology KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75584735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Inactivation+of+a+tumor+suppressor+function+in+immortal+Syrian+hamster+cells+by+N-methyl-N%27-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine+and+by+5-aza-2%27-deoxycytidine.&rft.au=West%2C+R+W%3BBarrett%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Congruence of service utilization estimates from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Project and other sources. AN - 75571518; 8427550 AB - Service utilization estimates for inpatient and ambulatory mental health care from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Project were compared with similar estimates from other sources, principally the Center for Mental Health Services National Reporting Program. Generally, results showed closer correspondence between estimates of the number of persons who used inpatient care than of similar estimates for ambulatory mental health care. Subtotal estimates for the specialty alcohol/other drug abuse/mental health and health care sectors were more similar than were estimates for individual settings. The specialty sector subtotals showed only a 7% difference in patient counts for inpatient care and 13% for ambulatory care, with an 11% difference in visits for the latter. Generally, a reasonable level of congruence was observed, given pronounced differences in methods, procedures, and instruments. Future directions may be able to close data gaps and improve the quality of the national mental health services database. JF - Archives of general psychiatry AU - Manderscheid, R W AU - Rae, D S AU - Narrow, W E AU - Locke, B Z AU - Regier, D A AD - Division of State and Community Systems Development, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Md. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 108 EP - 114 VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0003-990X, 0003-990X KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Delivery of Health Care -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Health Facilities -- utilization KW - National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) KW - Ambulatory Care -- utilization KW - Catchment Area (Health) KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Community Mental Health Centers -- utilization KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Mental Disorders -- therapy KW - Mental Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Mental Health Services -- utilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75571518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+general+psychiatry&rft.atitle=Congruence+of+service+utilization+estimates+from+the+Epidemiologic+Catchment+Area+Project+and+other+sources.&rft.au=Manderscheid%2C+R+W%3BRae%2C+D+S%3BNarrow%2C+W+E%3BLocke%2C+B+Z%3BRegier%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Manderscheid&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+general+psychiatry&rft.issn=0003990X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-26 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sulindac-associated hepatic injury: analysis of 91 cases reported to the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 75554364; 8425699 AB - Recent emphasis on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-associated hepatic injury blurs differences between NSAIDs. Accordingly, examination of hepatic injury by individual NSAIDs seemed warranted. Sulindac-associated hepatic injury was selected. From 338 reports submitted to the Food and Drug Administration, 247 were considered inadequate or unconvincing for sulindac toxicity. The remaining 91 cases of reactions to the drug were analyzed. In 15 there was histological material available. There were four deaths, three attributed to severe hypersensitivity and one to fulminant hepatic failure. Two thirds of the cases had clinical hallmarks of hypersensitivity. The ratio of females to males was 3.5:1; 69% of the patients were over 50 years of age. Jaundice was recorded in 67% of the patients. The pattern was cholestatic in 43%, hepatocellular in 25%, mixed in 12%, and indeterminate in 20% of the patients. Eosinophilia was significantly more frequent in patients with cholestatic injury (40%) than in those with hepatocellular injury (0). Sulindac injury involves females more than males. It can lead to cholestatic or hepatocellular injury, most often because of immunological idiosyncrasy. In some patients, metabolic idiosyncrasy may be the mechanism. This study illustrates the utility of analysis of adverse reaction reports in characterizing drug-induced injury. JF - Gastroenterology AU - Tarazi, E M AU - Harter, J G AU - Zimmerman, H J AU - Ishak, K G AU - Eaton, R A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, Maryland. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 569 EP - 574 VL - 104 IS - 2 SN - 0016-5085, 0016-5085 KW - Sulindac KW - 184SNS8VUH KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Sulindac -- adverse effects KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Liver -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75554364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gastroenterology&rft.atitle=Sulindac-associated+hepatic+injury%3A+analysis+of+91+cases+reported+to+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Tarazi%2C+E+M%3BHarter%2C+J+G%3BZimmerman%2C+H+J%3BIshak%2C+K+G%3BEaton%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Tarazi&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=569&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gastroenterology&rft.issn=00165085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-26 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of acute immunotoxicity of alachlor in male F344/N rats. AN - 75554144; 8422529 JF - Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Biagini, R E AU - Henningsen, G M AU - MacKenzie, B AU - Sanderson, W T AU - Robertson, S AU - Baumgardner, E S AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 266 EP - 273 VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - alachlor KW - 24S2S61PXL KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Leukocyte Count -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Models, Biological KW - Male KW - Immunoassay KW - Immunoglobulin G -- blood KW - Hypersensitivity, Delayed -- chemically induced KW - Acetamides -- toxicity KW - Immunoglobulin G -- drug effects KW - Herbicides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75554144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+acute+immunotoxicity+of+alachlor+in+male+F344%2FN+rats.&rft.au=Biagini%2C+R+E%3BHenningsen%2C+G+M%3BMacKenzie%2C+B%3BSanderson%2C+W+T%3BRobertson%2C+S%3BBaumgardner%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-25 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Youth in Low-Income Urban Environments: We Have Better Things To Do Than Drugs. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs Resource Guide. AN - 62691907; ED381592 AB - This guide provides resource information on organizations and programs in the area of alcohol and drug abuse prevention aimed at low-income youth in urban settings. The guide is divided into the following two resource sections: Prevention Materials for Youth in Low-Income Urban Environments and Studies, Articles, and Reports on Youth in Low-Income Urban Environments. Each listing in the first section provides the program title for the material, the organization involved, year of implementation, material format, topic of concern, target audience and setting, the readability level of the materials, where to get the material, and a brief description of the materials. Each listing in the second section provides the names and abstracts of government publications and journal articles and sources of these materials. The guide concludes with an alphabetical list of groups, organizations, and programs on youth in low-income, urban environments. (CM) AU - Stauffer, Paula Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - February 1993 SP - 24 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345 (Order no. MS 446). KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Low Income Groups KW - Substance Abuse KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Printed Materials KW - Urban Areas KW - Economically Disadvantaged KW - Resource Materials KW - Urban Youth KW - Resource Centers KW - Adolescents KW - Drug Abuse KW - Low Income Groups KW - Substance Abuse KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Printed Materials KW - Urban Areas KW - Economically Disadvantaged KW - Resource Materials KW - Urban Youth KW - Resource Centers KW - Adolescents KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62691907?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-specific differences in the relationship between oral contraceptive use and breast cancer AN - 1434032137; 18537478 AB - Background. Nearly all studies have suggested that the use of oral contraceptives (OC) is not associated with the aggregate risk of breast cancer diagnosed in women aged 20-54 years. Because of age-specific differences in the breast cancer-parity relationship and because of age-specific differences in other breast cancer risk factors, the Centers for Disease Control reexamined data from the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study (CASH) to assess whether OC use has different effects on the risk of breast cancer at different ages of diagnosis. Methods. This population-based case-control study was designed to examine the relationship between the use of OC and the risk of breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer. CASH was conducted in eight geographic areas in the United States during 1980-1982. All participants were interviewed at home with a pretested standardized questionnaire including a calendar of life events and a photograph book of all pills marketed in the United States. Results. We found that the relationship between the risk of breast cancer and OC use appeared to vary by the age at diagnosis. Among women aged 20-34 years at diagnosis or interview, those who had ever used OC had a slightly increased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-2.1) compared with women of the same ages who had never used OC. Among these women, there were no trends of increasing or decreasing risk with any measure of OC use. Among women aged 35-44 years, there was no association between OC use and breast cancer. Among women aged 45-54 years, those who used OC had a slightly decreased risk of breast cancer (OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.8-1.0). Among these women, risk estimates decreased significantly with increasing time since first and last use. Conclusions. Although the slightly increased risk estimates for the youngest women were compatible with findings by other investigators, the decreased risk estimates for the oldest women have not been described in as many studies. Available data provide no reasons to change prescribing practices or the use of OC that are related to the breast cancer risk. JF - Cancer AU - Wingo, Phyllis A AU - Lee, Nancy C AU - Ory, Howard W AU - Beral, Valerie AU - Peterson, Herbert B AU - Rhodes, Philip AD - Information Resources Management Office, Centers for Disease Control, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia. Y1 - 1993/02// PY - 1993 DA - Feb 1993 SP - 1506 EP - 1517 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 71 IS - S4 SN - 0008-543X, 0008-543X KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Health risks KW - USA KW - Age KW - Books KW - Disease control KW - Breast cancer KW - Standards KW - Steroid hormones KW - Contraceptives KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1434032137?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer&rft.atitle=Age-specific+differences+in+the+relationship+between+oral+contraceptive+use+and+breast+cancer&rft.au=Wingo%2C+Phyllis+A%3BLee%2C+Nancy+C%3BOry%2C+Howard+W%3BBeral%2C+Valerie%3BPeterson%2C+Herbert+B%3BRhodes%2C+Philip&rft.aulast=Wingo&rft.aufirst=Phyllis&rft.date=1993-02-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=S4&rft.spage=1506&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer&rft.issn=0008543X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fcncr.2820710416 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-10-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Health risks; Age; Books; Disease control; Breast cancer; Standards; Steroid hormones; Contraceptives; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.2820710416 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - High-performance liquid chromatography-thermospray mass spectrometry of ten sulfonamide antibiotics. Analysis in milk at the ppb level. AN - 75556712; 8429086 AB - Ten sulfonamide antibiotics including sulfanilamide (SNL), sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfamethizole (SMTZ), sulfachloropyridazine and sulfaquinoxaline (SQX), were analyzed by thermospray (TSP) mass spectrometry on-line with a high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detection system. Except for the pairs SMZ-SMTZ and sulfadimethoxine-SQX, the standards were resolved in both the UV and TSP profiles. Co-eluting compounds could be differentiated in TSP by their different relative molecular masses. The [M+H]+ ion was the base peak for all the standards except SNL, which showed an [M+NH4]+ ion. Collision-induced dissociation of the [M+H]+ ions afforded daughter ion spectra characterized by common ions at m/z 92, 108 and 156, and ions derived from the amine substituent ([MH-155]+). TSP detection limits [signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) > 3] were below 20 ng (scan mode), 2 ng (selected reaction monitoring, daughter ions from [M+H]+) and 400 pg (selected ion monitoring). UV detection limits were ca. 2 ng (S/N > 5). Results obtained from the multi-residue analysis of spiked cow milk samples at the low ng/ml level are presented. JF - Journal of chromatography AU - Abián, J AU - Churchwell, M I AU - Korfmacher, W A AD - US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/01/22/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 22 SP - 267 EP - 276 VL - 629 IS - 2 KW - Sulfonamides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Sulfonamides -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Milk -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75556712?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.atitle=High-performance+liquid+chromatography-thermospray+mass+spectrometry+of+ten+sulfonamide+antibiotics.+Analysis+in+milk+at+the+ppb+level.&rft.au=Abi%C3%A1n%2C+J%3BChurchwell%2C+M+I%3BKorfmacher%2C+W+A&rft.aulast=Abi%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-22&rft.volume=629&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-05 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 75538799; 8418328 JF - JAMA AU - Nightingale, S L AD - Office of Health Affairs, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993/01/20/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 20 SP - 328 VL - 269 IS - 3 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Education, Medical KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Nursing Homes KW - Plants, Medicinal KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Education, Medical, Continuing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75538799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-20&rft.volume=269&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=328&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-02 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - PACIFIC YEW [HARVEST]; WASHINGTON, OREGON, CALIFORNIA, MONTANA, AND IDAHO. AN - 36411260; 3945 AB - PURPOSE: The harvesting of Pacific yew (Taxus brevifolia) trees and shrubs on federal lands is proposed. The harvest program is prompted by the need for taxol, a compound found in yew trees and shrubs which is an effective treatment for some forms of cancer. The harvest program would last five years (1993-97) and would be conducted on lands administered by the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management in northern California, Idaho, western Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Focal issues concerning this harvest include taxol yield; the protection of the Pacific yew, its genetic diversity, and its ecosystem; the establishment of sustainable collection levels and specific areas for collection; and socioeconomic effects. Seven alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, are considered in this draft EIS. Under the preferred alternative (Alternative G1), actions would emphasize moderate-to-high bark production and efficiency of bark collection, with moderate protection of yews and the ecosystem in yew harvest areas. Between 3.39 million and 5.09 million yew trees or shrubs from 1.47 million to 2.2 million acres would be harvested during the program period, yielding 15.75 million to 26.63 million pounds of dry bark. Harvesting would be conducted on existing timber sale units (from which 100 percent of the utilizable yews would be taken) and partial-cut sale units and nonsale areas (from which 50 percent of the available yews would be taken); no harvesting would be conducted in northern spotted owl conservation areas. Genetic reserve areas would be established in yew harvest areas. Yews would be regenerated to preharvest or prescribed levels in timber sale units. In partial-cut and nonsale areas, at least 50 percent of the yews in each diameter class would be retained; additional regeneration would not be required in these areas. Federal expenditures for the project could total $2.9 million dollars. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Under the preferred alternative, 210 to 315 kilograms of taxol would be available for use by 100,800 to 151,200 ovarian and other cancer patients in clinical trials. Some 909 to 1,363 seasonal bark harvest jobs would be provided. Returns to the federal government could total $900,000 to $1.4 million; to county governments, $200,000 to $400,000. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Moderate adverse impacts would include effects on yew population connectivity, seed production, heterozygosity of the next yew generation, ecosystem structure and function, wildlife in late successional forests, and threatened and endangered species. In addition, stumpage values for other tree species on harvest lands could decrease. LEGAL MANDATES: Pacific Yew Act of 1992. JF - EPA number: 930014, 2 volumes, January 14, 1993 PY - 1993 KW - Parks, Refuges and Forests KW - Birds KW - Cost Assessments KW - Drugs KW - Employment KW - Endangered Species (Animals) KW - Forests KW - Timber KW - Timber Management KW - California KW - Idaho KW - Montana KW - Oregon KW - Washington KW - Pacific Yew Act of 1992, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36411260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-14&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=PACIFIC+YEW+%3B+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+CALIFORNIA%2C+MONTANA%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.title=PACIFIC+YEW+%3B+WASHINGTON%2C+OREGON%2C+CALIFORNIA%2C+MONTANA%2C+AND+IDAHO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Portland, Oregon; DA N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: January 14, 1993 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Behavior of simulated longwall gob material AN - 857807968; 2011-026584 JF - Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations AU - Pappas, Deno M AU - Mark, Christopher Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 39 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. SN - 0096-1922, 0096-1922 KW - United States KW - mining KW - experimental studies KW - Virginia KW - underground mining KW - properties KW - coal seams KW - rock mechanics KW - laboratory studies KW - longwall mining KW - mining geology KW - Kentucky KW - gob materials KW - 26A:Economic geology, general, deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/857807968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Pappas%2C+Deno+M%3BMark%2C+Christopher&rft.aulast=Pappas&rft.aufirst=Deno&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Behavior+of+simulated+longwall+gob+material&rft.title=Behavior+of+simulated+longwall+gob+material&rft.issn=00961922&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2011-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 36 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 10 tables, sketch map N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - XBMIA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - coal seams; experimental studies; gob materials; Kentucky; laboratory studies; longwall mining; mining; mining geology; properties; rock mechanics; underground mining; United States; Virginia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Industrial exposure to 1,3-butadiene in monomer, polymer and end-user industries. AN - 76306571; 8070876 AB - Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted an extent-of-exposure study of 1,3-butadiene monomer, polymer and end-user industries to assess occupational exposure to butadiene and to evaluate control technologies. The findings of the exposure assessment are reported here. Walk-through surveys were conducted in 11 monomer, 17 polymer and two end-user plants; in-depth industrial hygiene surveys were conducted at four monomer, five polymer and two end-user plants. Airborne exposure concentrations of butadiene were determined for various job categories by personal sampling. The samples were analysed by a new method developed at NIOSH that is sensitive to 0.2 microgram per sample. A total of 687 personal (full-shift and short-term) and 232 area samples were taken. The results indicate that all exposures were well below the current permissible exposure limit of the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration of 1000 ppm. The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (1990) has proposed a new standard that would reduce exposure to 2 ppm. Exposures ranged from less than 0.005 ppm to 374 ppm, and 3.7% of the samples contained more than 10 ppm, 7.8% more than 2 ppm but less than 10 ppm and 88.5% less than 2 ppm. We recommend means for reducing exposure by the use of engineering controls. JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Fajen, J M AU - Lunsford, R A AU - Roberts, D R AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 3 EP - 13 IS - 127 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Butadienes KW - Mutagens KW - Polymers KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - 1,3-butadiene KW - JSD5FGP5VD KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Humans KW - Chemical Industry KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Mutagens -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Butadienes -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76306571?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=Industrial+exposure+to+1%2C3-butadiene+in+monomer%2C+polymer+and+end-user+industries.&rft.au=Fajen%2C+J+M%3BLunsford%2C+R+A%3BRoberts%2C+D+R&rft.aulast=Fajen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=127&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-29 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A patient-based analysis of drug disorder diagnoses in the Medicare population. AN - 76300350; 10171899 AB - This article utilizes the Part A Medicare provider analysis and review (MEDPAR) file for fiscal year (FY) 1987. The discharge records were organized into a patient-based record that included alcohol, drug, and mental (ADM) disorder diagnoses as well as measures of resource use. The authors find that there are substantially higher costs of health care incurred by the drug disorder diagnosed population. Those of the Medicare population diagnosed with drug disorders had longer lengths of stay (LOSs), higher hospital charges, and more discharges. Costs increased monotonically as the number of drug diagnoses increased. Overlap of mental and alcohol problems is presented for the drug disorder diagnosed population. JF - Health care financing review AU - Cartwright, W S AU - Ingster, L M AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 89 EP - 101 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0195-8631, 0195-8631 KW - Health administration KW - Mental Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Health Services Research KW - Aged KW - Alcoholism -- economics KW - Hospital Units -- utilization KW - Comorbidity KW - Length of Stay -- statistics & numerical data KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Disabled Persons -- statistics & numerical data KW - Length of Stay -- economics KW - Data Collection KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Mental Disorders -- economics KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hospital Units -- economics KW - Medicare Part A -- utilization KW - Medicare Part A -- statistics & numerical data KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- economics KW - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers -- economics KW - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers -- utilization KW - Hospital Charges -- statistics & numerical data KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76300350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+care+financing+review&rft.atitle=A+patient-based+analysis+of+drug+disorder+diagnoses+in+the+Medicare+population.&rft.au=Cartwright%2C+W+S%3BIngster%2C+L+M&rft.aulast=Cartwright&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+care+financing+review&rft.issn=01958631&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-08-31 N1 - Date created - 1994-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time-to-tumour risk assessment for 1,3-butadiene based on exposure of mice to low doses by inhalation. AN - 76287864; 8070880 AB - The excess risk for cancer due to lifetime occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene at the proposed US Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard of 2 ppm was estimated on the basis of a quantitative risk assessment. The risk assessment was based on a recent study by the US National Toxicology Program of the carcinogenicity of butadiene in B6C3F1 mice, using exposure concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 625 ppm butadiene and controls. Cancer risks were estimated using a multistage Weibull time-to-tumour model; the dose was based on the external butadiene concentration, owing to the low-dose linearity of butadiene metabolism. The parameters of the time-to-tumour model were estimated for seven tumour sites in male mice and nine in female mice. The risk estimates were extrapolated from mice to humans on the basis of body weight raised to the three-fourths power, and the median lifespan of mice was equated to a human lifespan of 74 years. Estimates of excess risk for lifetime occupational exposure (8 h/day, 5 days/week, 50 weeks/year, for 45 years) to 2 ppm butadiene ranged from 0.2 per 10,000 workers, based on female mouse heart haemangiosarcomas, to 600 per 10,000 workers, based on female mouse lung tumours. An analysis was performed to assess the effects of varying the modelling assumptions (incidental versus fatal tumours, inclusion or exclusion of the 625-ppm dose group, and basis for interspecies scaling) on the risk estimates from the female mouse lung tumour model. Depending on the assumptions, estimates of lifetime excess risk derived from the female mouse lung model ranged from 60 per 10,000 to 1600 per 10,000. These results suggest that exposures to butadiene in the work place should be reduced to the lowest feasible level. JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Dankovic, D A AU - Smith, R J AU - Stayner, L T AU - Bailer, A J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 335 EP - 344 IS - 127 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - Butadienes KW - 0 KW - 1,3-butadiene KW - JSD5FGP5VD KW - Index Medicus KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Mice KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Butadienes -- adverse effects KW - Butadienes -- administration & dosage KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76287864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=Time-to-tumour+risk+assessment+for+1%2C3-butadiene+based+on+exposure+of+mice+to+low+doses+by+inhalation.&rft.au=Dankovic%2C+D+A%3BSmith%2C+R+J%3BStayner%2C+L+T%3BBailer%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Dankovic&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=127&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-09-29 N1 - Date created - 1994-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative metabolism of bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether in isolated rat hepatocytes and in the intact rat: effects of ethanol on in vitro metabolism. AN - 76161421; 8285851 AB - The metabolism of the reproductive and developmental toxicant bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether (diglyme) was studied in isolated rat hepatocytes and in the intact rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (190-220 g) were used in both studies. Hepatocytes, isolated by a two-step in situ collagenase perfusion of the liver, were cultured as monolayers and incubated with [14C]diglyme at 1, 10, 30, and 50 microM for up to 48 h. For the in vivo study, rats were given single oral doses of [14C]diglyme at 5.1 mmol/kg body wt, and urine was collected for up to 96 h. Radioactive compounds in the culture medium or in the urine were separated by high performance liquid chromatography and quantified with an in-line radioactivity monitor. Metabolites were identified by comparison of their chromatographic retention times and their mass spectra with those of authentic compounds. The principal metabolite from hepatocytes and in the urine was (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid (MEAA). This metabolite accounted for approximately 36% of the radioactivity in the 48-h culture medium and about 67% of the administered dose in the 48-h urine. Other prominent metabolites common to both systems included 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol, methoxyacetic acid (MAA), 2-methoxyethanol, and diglycolic acid. The diglyme metabolite profiles from urine and from hepatocytes were qualitatively similar, demonstrating that, in the rat, hepatocytes serve as a good model system for predicting the urinary metabolites of diglyme. Moreover, MEAA was shown to be the metabolite best suited for use as a short-term biological marker of exposure to diglyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Archives of toxicology AU - Richards, D E AU - Begley, K B AU - DeBord, D G AU - Cheever, K L AU - Weigel, W W AU - Tirmenstein, M A AU - Savage, R E AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 531 EP - 537 VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0340-5761, 0340-5761 KW - Ethylene Glycols KW - 0 KW - Methyl Ethers KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - diglyme KW - M4BH3X0MVZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Biotransformation KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Male KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Methyl Ethers -- metabolism KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Ethylene Glycols -- toxicity KW - Ethylene Glycols -- metabolism KW - Methyl Ethers -- toxicity KW - Methyl Ethers -- pharmacokinetics KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Ethanol -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Ethylene Glycols -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76161421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparative+metabolism+of+bis%282-methoxyethyl%29ether+in+isolated+rat+hepatocytes+and+in+the+intact+rat%3A+effects+of+ethanol+on+in+vitro+metabolism.&rft.au=Richards%2C+D+E%3BBegley%2C+K+B%3BDeBord%2C+D+G%3BCheever%2C+K+L%3BWeigel%2C+W+W%3BTirmenstein%2C+M+A%3BSavage%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+toxicology&rft.issn=03405761&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-15 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the United States associated with injecting drug use, 1981-1991. AN - 76139883; 8273762 AB - As of June 30, 1991, 182,834 AIDS cases in the United States had been reported to the Centers for Disease Control, of which 58,879 (32.2%) were associated with illicit drug use. Of these, 39,904 (70.0%) were in both women and heterosexual men reported as injecting drug users (IDUs), 11,823 (20.7%) in men who have sex with men who are also IDUs, 5,305 (9.3%) in sex partners of IDUs, and 1,847 (3.1%) in children whose mothers were either IDUs or sex partners of IDUs. From 1989 to 1990, the increase in the number of United States AIDS cases associated with IDU either directly or indirectly was higher in all regions compared with the Northeast. The highest percentage increases were in the South, U.S. territories, and the North Central. From 1989 to 1990, the percentage of AIDS cases attributed directly to IDU increased in women and men (15.3 and 5.9%, respectively); however, the increase in sex partners of IDUs was much larger (34.5% in men and 29.1% in women). Increases were also higher in sex partners of IDUs than in IDUs when compared by race/ethnicity and by region of residence. Because HIV can spread rapidly among IDUs and their sex partners, there is an immediate need for targeting effective HIV prevention messages to all IDUs and their sex partners in communities with high HIV infection rates. JF - The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse AU - Nwanyanwu, O C AU - Chu, S Y AU - Green, T A AU - Buehler, J W AU - Berkelman, R L AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 399 EP - 408 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0095-2990, 0095-2990 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Ethnic Groups -- statistics & numerical data KW - Sexual Partners KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Social Environment KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- rehabilitation KW - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome -- transmission KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76139883?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+drug+and+alcohol+abuse&rft.atitle=Acquired+immunodeficiency+syndrome+in+the+United+States+associated+with+injecting+drug+use%2C+1981-1991.&rft.au=Nwanyanwu%2C+O+C%3BChu%2C+S+Y%3BGreen%2C+T+A%3BBuehler%2C+J+W%3BBerkelman%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Nwanyanwu&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+drug+and+alcohol+abuse&rft.issn=00952990&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Steady-state plasma concentrations and effects of taxol for a 250 mg/m2 dose in combination with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in patients with ovarian cancer. AN - 76126210; 7505722 AB - Taxol, a natural product initially isolated from the stem bark of the western yew Taxus brevifolia, is undergoing phase II and III evaluation due to its reported activity against a variety of tumors. Previous studies have described correlations between plasma concentrations and toxicity when taxol is given (a) at lower doses, (b) for shorter infusion times, and (c) without granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor. Because the 24-h infusion schedule is most commonly used in current clinical trials, we attempted to correlate steady-state plasma concentrations of taxol achieved with a 24-h continuous i.v. infusion with toxicities and responses. Plasma samples from 48 refractory ovarian cancer patients were obtained 1-2 h prior to the end of the first taxol infusion. Taxol concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Interpatient variation of taxol plasma concentrations was small (mean +/- SD, 0.85 +/- 0.21 microM. Total taxol body clearance was 256 +/- 72 ml min-1 m-2 (mean +/- SD). Taxol plasma protein binding was 88.4% +/- 1.3% (mean +/- SD, n = 9). Grade 3-4 hematologic toxicity, mainly leukopenia, occurred in 92% of the patients. The leukopenia was transient and did not warrant a reduction in the dose of taxol. Grade 3-4 nonhematologic toxicity occurred in 8% of the patients. No severe hypersensitivity reaction or grade 3-4 neurotoxicity was observed. Correlations of plasma concentrations and toxicities were not feasible due to the high frequency of hematologic effects and the low frequency of nonhematologic toxicity. The low degree of interpatient variation in plasma concentrations hindered the development of correlations with response. JF - Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology AU - Jamis-Dow, C A AU - Klecker, R W AU - Sarosy, G AU - Reed, E AU - Collins, J M AD - Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20850. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 48 EP - 52 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0344-5704, 0344-5704 KW - Blood Proteins KW - 0 KW - Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor KW - 143011-72-7 KW - Paclitaxel KW - P88XT4IS4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Infusions, Intravenous KW - Leukopenia -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Metabolic Clearance Rate KW - Blood Proteins -- metabolism KW - Protein Binding KW - Leukopenia -- prevention & control KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Remission Induction KW - Paclitaxel -- administration & dosage KW - Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor -- therapeutic use KW - Paclitaxel -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- blood KW - Paclitaxel -- therapeutic use KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76126210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Steady-state+plasma+concentrations+and+effects+of+taxol+for+a+250+mg%2Fm2+dose+in+combination+with+granulocyte-colony+stimulating+factor+in+patients+with+ovarian+cancer.&rft.au=Jamis-Dow%2C+C+A%3BKlecker%2C+R+W%3BSarosy%2C+G%3BReed%2C+E%3BCollins%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Jamis-Dow&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.issn=03445704&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-01 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lead-protein interactions as a basis for lead toxicity. AN - 76092759; 8247411 AB - The interaction of lead (Pb) with proteins may represent a fundamental mechanism by which Pb exerts toxicity. In this overview, various factors which influence the interaction of Pb with proteins will be discussed. Pb interacts with enzyme functional groups, and high-affinity metal-binding proteins, such as Pb-binding proteins and metallothioneins, can mediate this Pb-enzyme interaction. Many other factors influence Pb-protein interactions including ligand competition and binding affinities; protein folding and the nature of the metal-binding site; rates of protein synthesis and degradation; and intracellular localization of the ligand and metal. The remainder of this overview will focus on specific examples of important proteins known to be influenced by Pb or which hypothetically may be influenced by Pb. Gaps in knowledge and important research needs are emphasized. Many of the factors discussed play a role in the relative sensitivity of various enzymes in heme biosynthesis to Pb. Disruption of this critical pathway by Pb may result in neuropathologies and accumulation of neurotoxic heme precursors. High-affinity metal-binding proteins have been shown to play a role in mediating Pb inhibition of the octameric Zn-containing enzyme, ALA dehydratase. Knowledge of regional localization in brain and the postnatal ontogeny of the high-affinity metal-binding proteins may be pivotal in understanding Pb neurotoxicity. Other specific examples related to or potentially related to Pb toxicity which are discussed include nucleic acid binding proteins, calmodulin, protein kinase C, and carbonic anhydrase. These proteins will serve as models to understand some basic principles and differences in Pb-protein interactions. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Goering, P L AD - Division of Life Sciences, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. PY - 1993 SP - 45 EP - 60 VL - 14 IS - 2-3 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Carrier Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Heme KW - 42VZT0U6YR KW - Carbonic Anhydrases KW - EC 4.2.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Heme -- biosynthesis KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Carbonic Anhydrases -- drug effects KW - Protein Binding KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Carrier Proteins -- metabolism KW - Lead -- metabolism KW - Lead Poisoning -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76092759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Lead-protein+interactions+as+a+basis+for+lead+toxicity.&rft.au=Goering%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The domestic drug regulatory process: why time is of the essence. AN - 76092089; 8251109 JF - Epilepsy research. Supplement AU - Katz, R AD - Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 91 EP - 106 VL - 10 SN - 0922-9833, 0922-9833 KW - Anticonvulsants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Child KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Drug Approval -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Anticonvulsants -- adverse effects KW - Epilepsy -- drug therapy KW - Anticonvulsants -- therapeutic use KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76092089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epilepsy+research.+Supplement&rft.atitle=The+domestic+drug+regulatory+process%3A+why+time+is+of+the+essence.&rft.au=Katz%2C+R&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epilepsy+research.+Supplement&rft.issn=09229833&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Timing of treatment with ICRF-187 and its effect on chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. AN - 76090536; 8258192 AB - Studies were conducted to evaluate whether the timing of administration of ICRF-187 [(+)-1,2-bis(3,5 dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl)propane] would influence the degree of cardioprotection provided by this agent against the development of doxorubicin-induced chronic cardiomyopathy. Beagle dogs (8.5-14 kg) received either doxorubicin alone (1.75 mg/kg, i.v., n = 8), doxorubicin (1.75 mg/kg) simultaneously with ICRF-187 (35 mg/kg, i.v., n = 8), or doxorubicin (1.75 mg/kg) followed 2 h later by ICRF-187 (35 mg/kg, n = 8). Control animals received ICRF-187 (35 mg/kg, n = 4) or saline (n = 4). All animals received a course of seven treatments, each given 3 weeks apart, and were killed 3 weeks after the last treatment. Semiquantitative grading of histologic sections of myocardium showed that as compared with animals treated with doxorubicin alone, the incidence and the severity of the doxorubicin-induced myocardial lesions were reduced in the two groups of animals given doxorubicin plus ICRF-187. However, protection was significantly better in dogs receiving ICRF-187 and doxorubicin simultaneously than in those given ICRF-187 2 h after doxorubicin. These observations were interpreted as indicating that the timing of administration of ICRF-187 with respect to that of doxorubicin is an important factor in determining the degree of cardioprotection and that there is a "time window" in which ICRF-187 exerts optimal effects. JF - Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology AU - Herman, E H AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Division of Research and Testing, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 445 EP - 449 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0344-5704, 0344-5704 KW - Razoxane KW - 5AR83PR647 KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Dogs KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Razoxane -- pharmacology KW - Doxorubicin -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Cardiomyopathies -- prevention & control KW - Doxorubicin -- toxicity KW - Cardiomyopathies -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76090536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Timing+of+treatment+with+ICRF-187+and+its+effect+on+chronic+doxorubicin+cardiotoxicity.&rft.au=Herman%2C+E+H%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.issn=03445704&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-14 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbiological significance of drug residues in food: welcome and introduction. AN - 76079847; 8236749 JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Teske, R H AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1 EP - 2 VL - 35 Suppl 1 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Dogs KW - Drug Residues -- toxicity KW - Food Contamination KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76079847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Microbiological+significance+of+drug+residues+in+food%3A+welcome+and+introduction.&rft.au=Teske%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Teske&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=35+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbiological significance of drug residues in food: symposium objectives. AN - 76056952; 8236751 JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Miller, M A AU - Fernández, H AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 10 EP - 11 VL - 35 Suppl 1 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Drug Residues -- toxicity KW - Intestines -- drug effects KW - Food Contamination KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- toxicity KW - Intestines -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76056952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Microbiological+significance+of+drug+residues+in+food%3A+symposium+objectives.&rft.au=Miller%2C+M+A%3BFern%C3%A1ndez%2C+H&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=35+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 32P-postlabelling in studies of arylamine and nitroaromatic hydrocarbon activation and mutagenesis. AN - 76028276; 8225512 AB - Carcinogenic arylamines and nitroaromatic hydrocarbons are chemicals that present occupational health hazards and share pathways of metabolic activation. The 32P-postlabelled DNA adducts formed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells treated with metabolites from two pathways that are common to the activation of the nitroaromatic hydrocarbon 6-nitrochrysene (6-NC) and the arylamine 6-aminochrysene (6-AC) compared with the spectra of mutations induced at the CHO hprt locus by these were metabolites. 6-Nitrosochrysene (6-NOC), which is reduced by the cells to N-hydroxy-6-AC, formed adducts mainly with deoxyguanosine, but induced mutations primarily through base-pair substitution involving deoxyadenosine. In contrast, 6-AC 1,2-dihydrodiol produced DNA adducts and mutations that mainly involved deoxyguanosine residues. The two major activation pathways for 6-NC and 6-AC thus produce distinct adduct and mutation spectra in CHO cells, and these adduct and mutational spectra are different from those of other arylamines and nitroaromatic hydrocarbons that have been studied. JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Delclos, K B AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Li, E E AU - Newton, R K AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Heflich, R H AD - US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 79 EP - 86 IS - 124 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - hprt KW - Chrysenes KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - 6-nitrochrysene KW - 82ZK83O33Y KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - 6-chrysenamine KW - I56L81BL2L KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - CHO Cells -- metabolism KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - DNA Damage KW - Biotransformation KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - CHO Cells -- drug effects KW - Autoradiography KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Cricetinae KW - Chrysenes -- toxicity KW - Chrysenes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76028276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=32P-postlabelling+in+studies+of+arylamine+and+nitroaromatic+hydrocarbon+activation+and+mutagenesis.&rft.au=Delclos%2C+K+B%3BManjanatha%2C+M+G%3BLi%2C+E+E%3BNewton%2C+R+K%3BMittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Delclos&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=124&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-06 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - hprt N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seafood toxins. AN - 76025299; 8221511 JF - Clinical reviews in allergy AU - Saavedra-Delgado, A M AU - Metcalfe, D D AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Division of Oncologic and Pulmonary Drug Products, Rockville, MD. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 241 EP - 260 VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 0731-8235, 0731-8235 KW - Marine Toxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virus Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Animals KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Humans KW - Shellfish KW - Food Hypersensitivity -- diagnosis KW - Bacterial Infections -- diagnosis KW - Foodborne Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Seafood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76025299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+reviews+in+allergy&rft.atitle=Seafood+toxins.&rft.au=Saavedra-Delgado%2C+A+M%3BMetcalfe%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Saavedra-Delgado&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+reviews+in+allergy&rft.issn=07318235&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Medicaid Prescription Drug Initiative. AN - 76024955; 8413531 JF - NIDA research monograph AU - Roslewicz, T D AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 200 EP - 205 VL - 131 SN - 1046-9516, 1046-9516 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Software KW - Humans KW - Philadelphia KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Drug and Narcotic Control -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Medicaid KW - Drug Prescriptions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76024955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.atitle=The+Medicaid+Prescription+Drug+Initiative.&rft.au=Roslewicz%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Roslewicz&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=&rft.spage=200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.issn=10469516&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-15 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hospital resource utilization by American Indians/Alaska Natives for alcoholism and alcohol abuse. AN - 76009372; 8213702 AB - Previous work examining the issue of alcoholism and alcohol abuse among American Indians and Alaska Natives can be broadly categorized as either descriptions of the consumption patterns and behaviors of specific tribes or mortality studies, focusing on deaths due to alcoholism, alcohol abuse, chronic liver disease, or cirrhosis. A major shortcoming of previous studies has been that they have not looked at the burden this problem has imposed upon the system of health care delivery for this minority population. By using an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification taxonomy of diagnostic codes developed by the National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse (NIAAA) and the national Indian Health Service (IHS) inpatient database for direct and contract admissions, utilization patterns for 43 IHS facilities were investigated. The period of study was 1980-1988, and our case definition included any individual 14 years and older who had any mention upon discharge of an alcohol-related diagnosis (ARD). For the 9-year period under investigation, 43,302 adult inpatient admissions occurred at the 43 IHS facilities for ARD. These admissions accounted for an overall estimated per annum rate of 13.7% of the adult inpatient days. In addition, age and gender specific discharge rates for ARD were estimated and compared to reported ARD discharge rates of the United States civilian population prepared by the NIAAA using the National Hospital Discharge Survey over the period 1979-1988. In contrast, the IHS discharge rates for ARD were three times greater than reported ARD discharge rates for the United States civilian population. JF - The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse AU - Hisnanick, J J AU - Erickson, P M AD - Indian Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Tucson, Arizona 85746. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 387 EP - 396 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0095-2990, 0095-2990 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Patient Discharge -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Utilization Review KW - Male KW - Female KW - Alcoholism -- rehabilitation KW - Health Services Misuse KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Patient Admission -- statistics & numerical data KW - Indians, North American -- statistics & numerical data KW - Alcoholism -- complications KW - Health Resources -- utilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/76009372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+drug+and+alcohol+abuse&rft.atitle=Hospital+resource+utilization+by+American+Indians%2FAlaska+Natives+for+alcoholism+and+alcohol+abuse.&rft.au=Hisnanick%2C+J+J%3BErickson%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Hisnanick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+drug+and+alcohol+abuse&rft.issn=00952990&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of sister chromatid exchange in spleen and bone marrow cells of rats exposed by inhalation to different dose rates of ethylene oxide. AN - 75987642; 8404874 AB - We investigated the effects of dose rate on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in bone marrow and spleen cells of rats exposed to ethylene oxide (EtO). Four groups (18/group) of male Fischer 344 rats were exposed to EtO by inhalation. The exposures consisted of 100 ppm for 6 hr/day, 300 ppm for 2 hr/day, 600 ppm for 1 hr/day, and clean air control. All EtO treated rats were given a total exposure dose of 600 ppm.hr daily, 5 days/week for 3, 6, or 9 months. Six rats per group were sacrificed at each time point, and SCEs were measured in cultured spleen and bone marrow cells. A statistically significant increase was found in SCEs in both bone marrow and spleen cells for all treated groups and at each time point when compared to the control, except at the 3-month exposure for the middle and high dose-rate groups in bone marrow cells. In the spleen, the increases in SCEs were similar among the three experimental groups. In bone marrow, the lowest dose rate (100 ppm) resulted in higher SCE frequencies than the medium and high dose-rate group after 3 and 6 month exposures. The overall frequencies of SCEs in the spleen cells were higher than in the bone marrow cells. The increase in SCE frequencies and decrease in the replicative index in spleen cells were also dependent on the duration of exposure. These results indicate that (1) EtO, by inhalation, can cause SCEs both in spleen and bone marrow cells of Fischer 344 rats, (2) spleen cells are more sensitive to EtO than bone marrow cells, and (3) in bone marrow cells the lowest dose-rate (longest) exposure causes more SCEs than the highest dose-rate (shortest) exposures. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Ong, T AU - Bi, H K AU - Xing, S AU - Stewart, J AU - Moorman, W AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 147 EP - 151 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Ethylene Oxide KW - JJH7GNN18P KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Bone Marrow Cells KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Male KW - Spleen -- ultrastructure KW - Ethylene Oxide -- administration & dosage KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Bone Marrow -- ultrastructure KW - Bone Marrow -- drug effects KW - Ethylene Oxide -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75987642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Induction+of+sister+chromatid+exchange+in+spleen+and+bone+marrow+cells+of+rats+exposed+by+inhalation+to+different+dose+rates+of+ethylene+oxide.&rft.au=Ong%2C+T%3BBi%2C+H+K%3BXing%2C+S%3BStewart%2C+J%3BMoorman%2C+W&rft.aulast=Ong&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-11-09 N1 - Date created - 1993-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dinitropyrene metabolism, DNA adduct formation, and DNA amplification in an SV40-transformed Chinese hamster embryo cell line. AN - 75894315; 8394716 AB - The environmental pollutants 1,6-dinitropyrene (1,6-DNP) and 1,8-dinitropyrene (1,8-DNP) are strongly carcinogenic in a number of animal models. These DNPs are metabolized by nitroreduction to N-hydroxy arylamine derivatives that either directly or after acetylation bind to cellular DNA. In the experiments reported here, we examined whether DNA adduct formation by 1,6-DNP and 1,8-DNP was associated with amplification of specific DNA sequences, a process that may be causally related to tumorigenesis. CO60 cells, an SV40-transformed Chinese hamster embryo cell line, were incubated with 2.5 or 50 ng/mL [4,5,9,10(-3)H]1,6-DNP for 5 h. High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of organic extracts of the medium indicated the presence of 1-acetylamino-6-nitropyrene, suggesting that these cells are capable of nitroreduction and acetylation. 32P-Postlabeling analysis of DNA isolated from cells exposed to 1.0 or 2.5 ng/mL 1,6-DNP revealed dose-related formation of N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-amino-6-nitropyrene. A similar adduct, presumably N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-amino-8-nitropyrene, was detected after incubations with 1,8-DNP. DNA isolated from analogous experiments was slot-blotted onto nylon membranes and hybridized with 32P-labeled SV40, c-fos, or beta-actin DNA probes. beta-Actin was not amplified and c-fos was amplified only a small amount; however, there was dose-related amplification of SV40 sequences, whose levels were in some instances approximately 20 times that observed in solvent-treated controls. These data indicate that DNA adduct formation by 1,6-DNP and 1,8-DNP is associated with the amplification of certain DNA sequences, a response that may be related to the tumorigenic potential of these compounds. JF - Molecular carcinogenesis AU - Neft, R E AU - Roe, A L AU - Smith, B A AU - Beland, F A AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 221 EP - 227 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 0899-1987, 0899-1987 KW - c-fos KW - Actins KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Pyrenes KW - 1,8-dinitropyrene KW - 51U7E9MW6I KW - 1,6-dinitropyrene KW - 66Q2ZUF83N KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Actins -- genetics KW - Cricetulus KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Biotransformation KW - Genes, fos KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Embryo, Mammalian KW - Gene Amplification KW - Cricetinae KW - Pyrenes -- toxicity KW - DNA -- isolation & purification KW - Simian virus 40 -- genetics KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Pyrenes -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75894315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Dinitropyrene+metabolism%2C+DNA+adduct+formation%2C+and+DNA+amplification+in+an+SV40-transformed+Chinese+hamster+embryo+cell+line.&rft.au=Neft%2C+R+E%3BRoe%2C+A+L%3BSmith%2C+B+A%3BBeland%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Neft&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.issn=08991987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - c-fos N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age-related susceptibility to MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. AN - 75889495; 8361676 AB - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is known to cause neurotoxicity in rodents and nonhuman primates. In this study the ontogeny of MPTP-induced DA depletion and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated in mouse striatum. C57/B6N mice were injected four times with 0 or 10 mg/kg MPTP (i.p.) at two-hour intervals on either postnatal day 23, at about 7 months of age, and at one year of age. Animals were sacrificed 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the last dose. Brains were rapidly removed and striata were dissected for neurochemical analysis. Dopamine (DA) and its metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were measured by HPLC/EC. ROS formation was measured by a fluorescence probe, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate (DCFH-DA). MPTP produced a slight but significant decrease of DA only 4 hours post dosing on PND 23. DOPAC and HVA levels decreased up to 4 and 8 hours post dosing respectively and returned to control values thereafter. At 7 months of age, MPTP produced a 50-65% decrease of DA and its metabolites (DOPAC and HVA) in striatum 24 hours post dosing. In one year old mice, MPTP produced an 80% decrease of DA and 60-80% decrease of DOPAC and HVA in striatum. In contrast, ROS formation in striatum was not significantly increased by MPTP treatment at any age but was decreased at 1 hour only in PND 23 and 7 month old mice. These studies suggest that MPTP-induced neurotoxicity is age-dependent in the mouse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Ali, S F AU - David, S N AU - Newport, G D AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 29 EP - 34 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Fluoresceins KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein KW - 56NQM5UZT1 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - MPTP Poisoning KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- growth & development KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75889495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Age-related+susceptibility+to+MPTP-induced+neurotoxicity+in+mice.&rft.au=Ali%2C+S+F%3BDavid%2C+S+N%3BNewport%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Ali&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-09-27 N1 - Date created - 1993-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flow cytometric analysis of the cell-cycle distribution of spleen lymphocytes isolated from Fischer 344 rats exposed to ethyl nitrosourea. AN - 75800716; 8518971 AB - Current studies in our laboratory are designed to determine the frequency of genotoxic responses induced in lymphocytes isolated from Fischer 344 rats. To evaluate the effect of a model compound, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), on the cell-cycle distribution of spleen lymphocytes, 8-week old, female Fischer 344 rats were injected i.p. with ENU and sacrificed 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after exposure. Four replicate cultures per dose per exposure period were established and cells were cultured for 66 hr. Colcemid, an agent which blocks cells in mitosis and induces an accumulation of cells in the G2 + M peak, was added to two of the four cultures as a positive control. After a 3 hr incubation, the cells were harvested, the nuclei stained with propidium iodide, and the DNA content of the individual nuclei was quantified by flow cytometry. As expected, exposure to Colcemid resulted in an accumulation of cells in the G2 + M phase of the cell cycle, which was accompanied by a decrease in the G0 + G1 population. The increase in the G2 + M population was significant (p < 0.05) in cultures of lymphocytes assayed at 4 and 6 weeks after exposure. The effect of increasing ENU concentration was an increase in the percentage of S-phase cells (p = 0.05) and a decrease (p < 0.02) in the percentage of G0 + G1 cells. This finding was observed only in those lymphocytes isolated 1 week after exposure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Cell biology and toxicology AU - Morris, S M AU - Domon, O E AU - McGarrity, L J AU - Aidoo, A AU - Kodell, R L AU - Casciano, D A AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas. PY - 1993 SP - 77 EP - 83 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0742-2091, 0742-2091 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Demecolcine KW - Z01IVE25KI KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Demecolcine -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Cell Cycle KW - Female KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75800716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Flow+cytometric+analysis+of+the+cell-cycle+distribution+of+spleen+lymphocytes+isolated+from+Fischer+344+rats+exposed+to+ethyl+nitrosourea.&rft.au=Morris%2C+S+M%3BDomon%2C+O+E%3BMcGarrity%2C+L+J%3BAidoo%2C+A%3BKodell%2C+R+L%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-27 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cooking, heating and air treatment pollutants in indoor environments. AN - 75797309; 8514363 JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Fishbein, L AD - Office of Toxicology Sciences, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 31 EP - 40 IS - 109 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Coal KW - Kerosene KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Humidity KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Female KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Coal -- adverse effects KW - Cooking KW - Heating -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75797309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=Cooking%2C+heating+and+air+treatment+pollutants+in+indoor+environments.&rft.au=Fishbein%2C+L&rft.aulast=Fishbein&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=109&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-19 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A retrospective comparison of the results of 6 and 12 month non-rodent toxicity studies. AN - 75783780; 8513078 JF - Adverse drug reactions and toxicological reviews AU - Contrera, J F AU - Aub, D AU - Barbehenn, E AU - Belair, E AU - Chen, C AU - Evoniuk, G AU - Mainigi, K AU - Mielach, F AU - Sancilio, L AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 63 EP - 76 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0964-198X, 0964-198X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Dogs KW - Time Factors KW - Toxicology -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75783780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Adverse+drug+reactions+and+toxicological+reviews&rft.atitle=A+retrospective+comparison+of+the+results+of+6+and+12+month+non-rodent+toxicity+studies.&rft.au=Contrera%2C+J+F%3BAub%2C+D%3BBarbehenn%2C+E%3BBelair%2C+E%3BChen%2C+C%3BEvoniuk%2C+G%3BMainigi%2C+K%3BMielach%2C+F%3BSancilio%2C+L&rft.aulast=Contrera&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Adverse+drug+reactions+and+toxicological+reviews&rft.issn=0964198X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exploratory data analysis in two-dimensional electrophoresis. AN - 75783038; 8512943 AB - The use of computerized matching of proteins in the analysis of multiple two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) gels creates volumes of data that are readily accessible for exploratory analysis. When these data are used in health-effects studies or in studies to identify factors associated with particular diseases, hundreds or even thousands of hypotheses can be tested. Interpreting so many hypothesis tests requires some preliminary statistical evaluations of the data. In addition, prior to the preliminary statistical evaluations and subsequent hypothesis tests, accurate protein quantification and correct protein matching must be verified. In this report we present an approach used at the Centers for Disease Control to address these issues. This approach consists of a randomized experimental design incorporating replicate gels for each specimen, gel image analysis, protein matching, editing, Boolean unions of all gels to obtain correspondences and contradictions of match identification numbers, resolution of correspondences and contradictions, statistical tests to identify outliers, and finally an assessment of statistical and practical significance to focus attention on the proteins most likely to be associated with the effects under study. We illustrate our approach with data from an exploratory exposure-response study. JF - Applied and theoretical electrophoresis : the official journal of the International Electrophoresis Society AU - Caudill, S P AU - Myrick, J E AU - Robinson, M K AD - Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 133 EP - 136 VL - 3 IS - 3-4 SN - 0954-6642, 0954-6642 KW - Proteins KW - 0 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Index Medicus KW - Proteinuria -- urine KW - Cadmium -- adverse effects KW - Cadmium -- urine KW - Humans KW - Computers KW - Reference Standards KW - Blood Protein Electrophoresis -- methods KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Blood Protein Electrophoresis -- statistics & numerical data KW - Proteinuria -- etiology KW - Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional -- standards KW - Proteins -- standards KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75783038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+theoretical+electrophoresis+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Electrophoresis+Society&rft.atitle=Exploratory+data+analysis+in+two-dimensional+electrophoresis.&rft.au=Caudill%2C+S+P%3BMyrick%2C+J+E%3BRobinson%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Caudill&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+theoretical+electrophoresis+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Electrophoresis+Society&rft.issn=09546642&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-20 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative two-dimensional electrophoretic detection of possible urinary protein biomarkers of occupational exposure to cadmium. AN - 75782659; 8512944 AB - To search for new urinary protein biomarkers of cadmium toxicity, we used quantitative two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and analysed urine samples from 18 male cadmium recovery plant employees whose mean age was 47 +/- 15.6 years (+/- 1 SD) and whose urine cadmium levels ranged from 0.14 microgram l-1 to 20.4 micrograms l-1 (0.06-37.1 micrograms g-1 creatinine). Image analysis of the silver-stained gels yielded intensity (concentration) values for a mean number, per person, of 825 +/- 184 urinary proteins (spots) and found 596 +/- 218 matched proteins (the same proteins in two or more gels) per person. Total urinary protein and the sum of all spot intensities were positively correlated (P = 0.0447 and P = 0.0616, respectively) with urinary cadmium (UCD), as measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The combined sum of the intensities of all acidic proteins with a relative molecular weight (M(r)) below 40 kDa was correlated with UCD (P = 0.0461), revealing a low M(r), acidic proteinuria as UCD increased. Multiple hypothesis testing by regression analysis of the intensities of matched proteins with UCD revealed 14 unidentified proteins that were considered candidates for biomarkers of cadmium exposure. The best two candidate proteins--those having M(r)s of less than 13.9 kDa and relative glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDHr) coordinates of -19.7 and -27.2--were excellently resolved in the 2DE gels, and their intensities increased by 323% and 857%, respectively, over the UCD range that was tested. Two other proteins with M(r)s of 23.9 kDa and 29.2 kDa and with acidic net charges were not as well resolved. Six very acidic proteins, with M(r)s ranging from 88.8 to 90.7 kDa and with intensities highly correlated with UCD, appeared to be related and were resolved as a 'charge train' (a group of related proteins, or isoforms, differing only by small changes in net charge). Four proteins appeared to increase only when the UCD concentration was above a threshold of 16 micrograms l-1. JF - Applied and theoretical electrophoresis : the official journal of the International Electrophoresis Society AU - Myrick, J E AU - Caudill, S P AU - Robinson, M K AU - Hubert, I L AD - Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30341-3724. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 137 EP - 146 VL - 3 IS - 3-4 SN - 0954-6642, 0954-6642 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Proteins KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Proteins -- chemistry KW - Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Biomarkers -- urine KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Molecular Weight KW - Male KW - Proteinuria -- urine KW - Cadmium -- adverse effects KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional -- methods KW - Cadmium -- urine KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- urine KW - Proteinuria -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75782659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+theoretical+electrophoresis+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Electrophoresis+Society&rft.atitle=Quantitative+two-dimensional+electrophoretic+detection+of+possible+urinary+protein+biomarkers+of+occupational+exposure+to+cadmium.&rft.au=Myrick%2C+J+E%3BCaudill%2C+S+P%3BRobinson%2C+M+K%3BHubert%2C+I+L&rft.aulast=Myrick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+theoretical+electrophoresis+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+International+Electrophoresis+Society&rft.issn=09546642&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-20 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The food safety of transgenic animals: implications from traditional breeding. AN - 75775085; 8099351 AB - The genetic events associated with traditional selection have implications for the food safety of transgenic animals. Selection has been empirical, relying on the use of the best animals for breeding. Molecular techniques are now being used to identify the genes selected and to describe the differences between alleles that are important in selection to improve quantitative traits. The results of such analyses provide background details of the genetic and physiological effects of the traditional selection of animal lines. Examples of the kinds of genes that may be subject to selection are those coding for peptide hormones, steroid metabolic enzymes, the calcium-channel gating protein, and genes of the major histocompatibility complex. Unselected genes, sometimes with undesirable alleles, may be carried along as "hitchhikers" if they are closely linked to the selected gene. In spite of this potential for physiologically dangerous genetic changes in selected animals, hereditary food toxicity has never been associated with a selected line of the common food animals. This is probably because the allowable physiological range of results of selection is limited by the requirement for healthy, productive animals. Based on these limitations, foods from healthy transgenic animals produced for the purpose of herd improvement are likely to be as safe as the foods from the untransformed parental line. Animals are important indicators of their own food safety. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Berkowitz, D B AD - Office of Biotechnology HF-6, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 43 EP - 46 VL - 71 Suppl 3 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genetic Linkage KW - Animals KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - Genetic Engineering KW - Meat -- standards KW - Animals, Domestic -- genetics KW - Breeding KW - Animals, Genetically Modified -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75775085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=The+food+safety+of+transgenic+animals%3A+implications+from+traditional+breeding.&rft.au=Berkowitz%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Berkowitz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=71+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-02 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the viral RNA sequence heterogeneity for control of OPV neurovirulence. AN - 75751632; 8388834 AB - By using sensitive mutant analysis by PCR and restriction enzyme cleavage we have found that among several positions that differ between the wild-type and attenuated type 3 poliovirus genomes, only two positions, 472 and 2493, showed variability in vaccine lots. Of these two, only position 472 correlates with neurovirulence in monkeys, while the abundance of revertants at position 2493 indicated the type of seed virus and the passage level. Conditions of cell culture influence the rate of mutant selection, suggesting that some cellular factor(s) may be involved in selection of 472-C. Determination of 472-C content predicts which vaccine lots would fail the monkey neurovirulence test. These results imply that the PCR method can be used for optimization of manufacturing conditions. JF - Developments in biological standardization AU - Chumakov, K AU - Norwood, L AU - Parker, M AU - Dragunsky, E AU - Taffs, R AU - Ran, Y AU - Ridge, J AU - Levenbook, I AD - FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 79 EP - 89; discussion 88-9 VL - 78 SN - 0301-5149, 0301-5149 KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral KW - 0 KW - RNA, Viral KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Single-Blind Method KW - Virulence -- genetics KW - Spinal Cord -- pathology KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Mutation KW - Haplorhini KW - Poliovirus -- pathogenicity KW - Poliovirus -- genetics KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral -- toxicity KW - RNA, Viral -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75751632?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Developments+in+biological+standardization&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+viral+RNA+sequence+heterogeneity+for+control+of+OPV+neurovirulence.&rft.au=Chumakov%2C+K%3BNorwood%2C+L%3BParker%2C+M%3BDragunsky%2C+E%3BTaffs%2C+R%3BRan%2C+Y%3BRidge%2C+J%3BLevenbook%2C+I&rft.aulast=Chumakov&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Developments+in+biological+standardization&rft.issn=03015149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of nitrous oxide exposure on maternal and embryonic S-adenosylmethionine levels and ornithine decarboxylase activity. AN - 75744946; 8502112 AB - Nitrous oxide is suspected to be a developmental toxicant in humans. The anesthetic does produce increases in the resorption and malformation frequencies in rodents. The mechanism for the drug's developmental toxicant effects is unknown. Embryonic DNA synthesis is decreased; however, this decrease does not appear to be due to depressed levels of adenine or guanine. In this investigation, we examined the effect of N2O on maternal and embryonic S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) levels and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, and the effect of exogenous methionine (Met) on these parameters was also examined. AdoMet and ODC are involved in polyamine synthesis, and polyamines are involved in regulation of macromolecular synthesis. Pregnant rats were treated with N2O for 24 hours beginning on the morning of day 10 of gestation. There was no effect of N2O on maternal hepatic AdoMet or S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) levels; there was also no effect on embryonic AdoMet. Embryonic AdoHcy could not be detected in many of the samples; however, N2O treatment did significantly increase the number of embryonic samples in which AdoHcy was detectable. ODC activity was not affected by either treatment in dams but was increased by N2O in embryos. It is possible that the embryotoxic effect of this anesthetic is mediated by alterations in the AdoMet to AdoHcy ratio or to changes in ODC activity and polyamine synthesis. JF - Life sciences AU - Hansen, D K AU - Knowles, B J AU - Fullerton, F R AU - Poirier, L A AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1669 EP - 1675 VL - 52 IS - 21 SN - 0024-3205, 0024-3205 KW - S-Adenosylmethionine KW - 7LP2MPO46S KW - S-Adenosylhomocysteine KW - 979-92-0 KW - Methionine KW - AE28F7PNPL KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.17 KW - Nitrous Oxide KW - K50XQU1029 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Methionine -- pharmacology KW - S-Adenosylhomocysteine -- analysis KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase -- drug effects KW - Nitrous Oxide -- toxicity KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - S-Adenosylmethionine -- drug effects KW - S-Adenosylmethionine -- analysis KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase -- analysis KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75744946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life+sciences&rft.atitle=Effect+of+nitrous+oxide+exposure+on+maternal+and+embryonic+S-adenosylmethionine+levels+and+ornithine+decarboxylase+activity.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+D+K%3BKnowles%2C+B+J%3BFullerton%2C+F+R%3BPoirier%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=1669&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Life+sciences&rft.issn=00243205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-01 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deaths involving air-line respirators connected to inert gas sources. AN - 75673679; 8385879 AB - During 1984 to 1988, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) investigated 10 incidents, with 11 fatalities, involving the inadvertent connection of air-line respirators to inert gas supplies. Seven deaths resulted from connecting an air-line respirator supply hose to a line which normally carried inert gas. Four deaths were caused by leakage or backfill of inert gas into a line which normally carried breathable air. Ten of the deaths were from nitrogen and one from argon. The circumstances of the 11 deaths indicated that coupling compatibility and supervisory oversight were major factors in the inappropriate supply of irrespirable gas to the respirators worn by these workers. Conscientiousness among safety personnel to the hazards of asphyxiation by inert gas, and compliance with current OSHA regulations, the ANSI Z88.2 standard, and NIOSH respirator certification approval regulations would have prevented these fatalities. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Hudnall, J B AU - Suruda, A AU - Campbell, D L AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 32 EP - 35 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Noble Gases KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Health KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Equipment Design -- standards KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Male KW - Female KW - Ventilators, Mechanical -- standards KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Noble Gases -- adverse effects KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75673679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Deaths+involving+air-line+respirators+connected+to+inert+gas+sources.&rft.au=Hudnall%2C+J+B%3BSuruda%2C+A%3BCampbell%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Hudnall&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1993-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory health risks among nonmetal miners. AN - 75650400; 8456349 AB - The risks of occupational respiratory disease faced by nonmetal miners are the focus of this review. An understanding of the respiratory risks requires an understanding of the minerology of the ground and rock around the materials being mined. Relevant exposures encompass radon gas and deisel fumes, as well as mineral and rock dusts, including free silica. The types of materials mined and their associated health effects are examined, including the silicates (fibrous silicates such as asbestos, asbestiform fibrous minerals such as wollastonite and fuller's earth, and nonfibrous silicates such as talc and kaolin), sedimentary precipitates such as phosphates, potash, gypsum, and salt, as well as hydrocarbon-containing sedimentary rock such as oil shale. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Short, S R AU - Petsonk, E L AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. PY - 1993 SP - 57 EP - 70 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Hydrocarbons KW - 0 KW - Minerals KW - Silicic Acid KW - 1343-98-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Silicic Acid -- chemistry KW - Lung Diseases -- etiology KW - Silicic Acid -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Mining KW - Hydrocarbons -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75650400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Respiratory+health+risks+among+nonmetal+miners.&rft.au=Short%2C+S+R%3BPetsonk%2C+E+L&rft.aulast=Short&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Problems in monitoring dust levels within mines. AN - 75647377; 8456351 AB - The collection of dust samples in mines is a multifaceted problem. Initially, one must define the situation being sampled and the purpose of the sampling in order to establish an appropriate sampling plan, including specification of the type of mining process (surface vs. underground, metal vs. nonmetal vs. coal) as well as the mining system employed (equipment). The next step is to decide the nature of the hazard being monitored (i.e., dust depositing in alveolar air spaces entails use of respirable dust sampling, upper airways entails thoracic-fraction sampler, and systemic effects call for an inhalable-fraction sampler) in order to select the appropriate sampler. Deciding on a particular sampling strategy is a complex issue involving federal regulations as well as compliance. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Hearl, F J AU - Hewett, P AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505. PY - 1993 SP - 93 EP - 108 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Humans KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Coal Mining KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75647377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Problems+in+monitoring+dust+levels+within+mines.&rft.au=Hearl%2C+F+J%3BHewett%2C+P&rft.aulast=Hearl&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory protection in the mining industry. AN - 75638793; 8456345 AB - Because respirators may have adverse effects on an individual, it is important that the occupational physician understand these effects and appropriate respirator use in the mining industry. Few studies have been performed on the effects of respirator wear among workers who may have some physiologic impairment. This chapter reviews the relevant regulations, types of respirators used in the mining industry, and the various effects of their use, as well as provides reasonable guidelines for determining fitness to wear these devices. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Turner, N L AU - Hodous, T K AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. PY - 1993 SP - 143 EP - 154 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- contraindications KW - Mining -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- classification KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75638793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Respiratory+protection+in+the+mining+industry.&rft.au=Turner%2C+N+L%3BHodous%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Injuries in the mining industry. AN - 75624911; 8456346 AB - This chapter reviews the history, statistics, and epidemiology of mining injuries in the United States. Although injuries in mining have been drastically reduced since the start of this century, their rates have not changed substantially in the past decade, and mining injury rates remain among the highest of all US industries. The injuries are often severe, as indicated by both high fatality rates and the high average number of days lost from work for nonfatal injury. Cumulative trauma disorders and acute traumatic injuries are common. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Hodous, T K AU - Layne, L A AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. PY - 1993 SP - 171 EP - 184 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - Occupational Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - History, 20th Century KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - History, 19th Century KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Mining -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mining -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Mining -- history UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75624911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Injuries+in+the+mining+industry.&rft.au=Hodous%2C+T+K%3BLayne%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Hodous&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chest radiography in dust-exposed miners: promise and problems, potential and imperfections. AN - 75624862; 8456344 AB - Since the early 1900s, it was recognized that many dust-exposed workers developed abnormal radiographs during life. Chest radiography remains the primary means of determining the presence and extent of dust-induced pneumoconiosis, although it is ineffective for detecting airways obstructions from mine dust exposure. This chapter reviews the uses and limitations of chest radiography in the study, surveillance, screening, clinical diagnosis, and disability determinations of occupational lung diseases in dust-exposed workers. JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Wagner, G R AU - Attfield, M D AU - Parker, J E AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888. PY - 1993 SP - 127 EP - 141 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiography -- methods KW - Silicosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Asbestosis -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Asbestosis -- classification KW - Silicosis -- epidemiology KW - Silicosis -- classification KW - Forecasting KW - Observer Variation KW - Radiography -- trends KW - Asbestosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Pneumoconiosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Pneumoconiosis -- epidemiology KW - Pneumoconiosis -- classification KW - Coal Mining KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75624862?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Chest+radiography+in+dust-exposed+miners%3A+promise+and+problems%2C+potential+and+imperfections.&rft.au=Wagner%2C+G+R%3BAttfield%2C+M+D%3BParker%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extraction of light filth from oriental fish products containing spice: collaborative study. AN - 75624576; 8448443 AB - A collaborative study was conducted to validate a new method for the extraction of light filth from oriental fish products containing spice. A 100 g test portion is digested by boiling in a mixture of HCl, Igepal DM-710, and CO-730. Light filth is isolated by wet-sieving on a No. 230 plain-weave sieve with Tergitol, deaeration boiling in 40% isopropanol, and extracting with mineral oil-heptane (85 + 15) and 40% isopropanol in a Wildman trap flask. Three spiking levels for rat hairs and insect fragments were used in the study. For rat hairs, recoveries at the low, medium, and high levels averaged 80.0, 71.6, and 88.0%, respectively. Recoveries of insect fragments for low, medium, and high levels averaged 87.8, 83.7, and 89.4%, respectively. The method was adopted first action by AOAC International. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Glaze, L E AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiology, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 44 EP - 46 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Emulsions KW - 0 KW - Poloxalene KW - 9003-11-6 KW - 1-Propanol KW - 96F264O9SV KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Spices -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Fish Products -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75624576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Extraction+of+light+filth+from+oriental+fish+products+containing+spice%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Glaze%2C+L+E&rft.aulast=Glaze&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-09 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extraction of light filth from tofu: collaborative study. AN - 75621023; 8448445 AB - Results are reported for a collaborative study of a method for the extraction of light filth from tofu. A 100 g test portion is digested in HCl solution with Igepal CO-730 and Igepal DM-710. Hairs and insect fragments are isolated by wet-sieving on a No. 230 sieve, dispersing remaining residual product with Aerosol OT 75%, and filtering. Average recoveries by 9 collaborators for 3 spike levels of rat hairs (5, 10, 15) were 80, 78, and 84%, respectively; for 3 spike levels of insect fragments (5, 15, 30), recoveries were 97, 99, and 99%, respectively. The method was adopted first action by AOAC International. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Nakashima, M J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiology, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 50 EP - 52 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Food Contamination KW - Soybeans UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75621023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Extraction+of+light+filth+from+tofu%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Nakashima%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Nakashima&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-09 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Food and Drug Administration survey of methyl mercury in canned tuna. AN - 75620976; 8448441 AB - Methyl mercury was determined by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 220 samples of canned tuna collected in 1991. Samples were chosen to represent different styles, colors, and packs as available. Emphasis was placed on water-packed tuna, small can size, and the highest-volume brand names. The average methyl mercury (expressed as Hg) found for the 220 samples was 0.17 ppm; the range was < 0.10-0.75 ppm. Statistically, a significantly higher level of methyl mercury was found in solid white and chunk white tuna than was found in chunk light and chunk tuna. Methyl mercury level was not related to can size. None of the 220 samples had methyl mercury levels that exceeded the 1 ppm FDA action level. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Yess, N J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Contaminants Chemistry, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 36 EP - 38 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Tuna KW - Food Contamination KW - Food Preservation KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75620976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+survey+of+methyl+mercury+in+canned+tuna.&rft.au=Yess%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Yess&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-09 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of freestanding alcoholism treatment for Medicare recipients. AN - 75610159; 8383557 AB - The Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) conducted a demonstration between 1982 and 1985 to test the feasibility of providing payments for alcoholism treatment services to Medicare and Medicaid recipients in specially selected freestanding facilities. This study of the Medicare part of the demonstration answers two questions: do freestanding facilities save money for Medicare and do their patients have lower health care utilization following initiation of treatment than patients treated in hospital-based facilities? The statistical methodology is a logit and cluster approach. The analysis begins with a logistic regression model to predict the probability of patients seeking alcoholism treatment in either the demonstration (freestanding facility) or hospital-based cohort. The statistically significant variables from logit analysis are then used to form clusters. The health expenditures of freestanding and hospital patients are compared within homogeneous clusters. This study shows that the number of admissions, the average length of stay, and the average monthly health expenditures following the start of treatment are lower for the group treated in the freestanding facilities. The conclusion is that for some persons with alcohol problems, treatment in freestanding facilities is less costly and leads to lower subsequent health care utilization than treatment in hospitals. JF - Addiction (Abingdon, England) AU - Lo, A AU - Woodward, A AD - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 53 EP - 68 VL - 88 IS - 1 SN - 0965-2140, 0965-2140 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Adult KW - Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care) KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Medicare -- economics KW - Alcoholism -- rehabilitation KW - Ambulatory Care Facilities -- economics KW - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers -- economics KW - Alcoholism -- economics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75610159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addiction+%28Abingdon%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+freestanding+alcoholism+treatment+for+Medicare+recipients.&rft.au=Lo%2C+A%3BWoodward%2C+A&rft.aulast=Lo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addiction+%28Abingdon%2C+England%29&rft.issn=09652140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-12 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extraction of light filth from oriental sauces containing soy sauce, thickeners, and spices: collaborative study. AN - 75607170; 8448444 AB - Results are reported for a collaborative study of a method for the extraction of light filth from oriental sauces containing soy sauce, thickeners, and spices. A 100 g test portion is pretreated in a 2% solution of Tergitol Anionic 4 over a steam bath, and oils are removed by wet-sieving on No. 230 sieve. Filth is isolated from 40% isopropanol by using Na4EDTA and mineral oil. Average recoveries by 9 collaborators for 3 spike levels of rat hairs (5, 10, and 15) were 84, 78, and 79%, respectively; for insect fragments (5, 15, and 30), recoveries were 92, 95, and 96%, respectively. The method was adopted first action by AOAC International. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Nakashima, M J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiology, Washington, DC 20204. PY - 1993 SP - 47 EP - 49 VL - 76 IS - 1 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Mineral Oil KW - 8020-83-5 KW - 1-Propanol KW - 96F264O9SV KW - Edetic Acid KW - 9G34HU7RV0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Condiments KW - Spices KW - Food Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75607170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Extraction+of+light+filth+from+oriental+sauces+containing+soy+sauce%2C+thickeners%2C+and+spices%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Nakashima%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Nakashima&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-09 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of a cold environment or age on methamphetamine-induced dopamine release in the caudate putamen of female rats. AN - 75592201; 8094252 AB - Extracellular levels of dopamine (DA) and metabolites as well as serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined in the caudate putamen (CPU) of either 6- or 12-month-old female rats using microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED) before, during, and after four consecutive injections (given at 2-h intervals) of methamphetamine (METH). In 6-month-old rats administered 4 x 5 mg/kg METH at an environmental temperature (ET) of 23 degrees C, peak extracellular DA levels (between 50 and 150 rho g/10 microliters) were attained 30-45 min after each dose of METH while dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) decreased steadily after the first doses of METH until it reached a plateau at 50% of control (550-700 pg/10 microliters) levels. Increases in 5-HT levels during METH administrations paralleled DA increases while 5-HIAA decreases paralleled DOPAC decreases. The total CPU DA and 5-HT content of these rats was about 65% of control at 3 days post-METH. Reducing the ET to 4 degrees C during dosing decreased the peak and average DA levels attained during the 4 x 5 mg/kg METH administration to about 50% of that observed at a 23 degrees C ET. Increasing the dose to 4 x 10 mg/kg METH (4 degrees C ET) increased peak and average CPU DA levels to 200% that observed during 4 x 5 mg/kg METH at a 23 degrees C ET. However, no significant decreases in total CPU DA content of any rats dosed with METH at a 4 degrees C ET were observed 3 days post-METH. In 12-month-old rats dosed with 4 x 5 mg/kg METH (23 degrees C ET), the peak and average extracellular DA levels were only 30-60% that of 6-month-old rats. However, the CPU DA content of older rats was significantly decreased both 3 (30% control) and 14 (60% control) days post-METH. In summary, METH toxicity may not be predicted solely by the extracellular levels of DA attained during METH administration; age and ET also greatly influence METH neurotoxicity. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Gough, B AU - Slikker, W AU - Lipe, G W AU - Newport, G D AU - Holson, R R AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 87 EP - 98 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Biogenic Monoamines KW - 0 KW - Glutamates KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Taurine KW - 1EQV5MLY3D KW - Serotonin KW - 333DO1RDJY KW - Glutamic Acid KW - 3KX376GY7L KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dialysis KW - Taurine -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- metabolism KW - Biogenic Monoamines -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Glutamates -- metabolism KW - Serotonin -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Aging -- metabolism KW - Caudate Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Putamen -- metabolism KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Caudate Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Cold Temperature KW - Putamen -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75592201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Effects+of+a+cold+environment+or+age+on+methamphetamine-induced+dopamine+release+in+the+caudate+putamen+of+female+rats.&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BGough%2C+B%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BLipe%2C+G+W%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BHolson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-09 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 4,4'-Methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline)-DNA adduct analysis in human exfoliated urothelial cells by 32P-postlabeling. AN - 75567962; 8420614 AB - 4,4'-Methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) is an aromatic amine used widely in industry, and human exposure to this compound is well documented. MOCA induces lung and liver tumors in rodents and urinary bladder tumors in dogs, and it is regarded as a suspect urinary bladder carcinogen in humans. In this pilot study, we investigated the occurrence of MOCA-DNA adducts in exfoliated urothelial cells of a MOCA-exposed worker by 32P-postlabeling analysis. Urine samples were collected from the worker at various times after accidental acute exposure to MOCA. DNA isolated from exfoliated urothelial cells collected from each urine sample was enzymatically digested and postlabeled with excess [32P]ATP. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the labeled digests revealed the presence of a single, major DNA adduct that cochromatographed with the major N-hydroxy-MOCA-DNA adduct, N-(deoxyadenosin-8-yl)-4-amino-3-chlorobenzyl alcohol, formed in vitro. The MOCA-DNA adduct was detected in samples obtained between 4 and 98 h after initial exposure but not in samples collected at later times. The level of DNA adducts 4 h after exposure was determined to be 516 adducts/10(8) nucleotides. A 5-fold decrease in adduct level was observed 14 h later, followed by a gradual decrease over subsequent days. The results indicate that MOCA is potentially genotoxic to human urinary bladder in vivo and that 32P-postlabeling analysis of exfoliated urothelial cells provides a noninvasive means for biomonitoring the formation of MOCA-DNA adducts resulting from occupational exposure. JF - Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology AU - Kaderlik, K R AU - Talaska, G AU - DeBord, D G AU - Osorio, A M AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research HFT-100, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. PY - 1993 SP - 63 EP - 69 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1055-9965, 1055-9965 KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - 0 KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) KW - 3L2W5VTT2A KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Monitoring, Physiologic -- methods KW - Pilot Projects KW - Autoradiography KW - Male KW - Epithelium -- chemistry KW - Urine -- cytology KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Urinary Bladder -- chemistry KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75567962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.atitle=4%2C4%27-Methylene-bis%282-chloroaniline%29-DNA+adduct+analysis+in+human+exfoliated+urothelial+cells+by+32P-postlabeling.&rft.au=Kaderlik%2C+K+R%3BTalaska%2C+G%3BDeBord%2C+D+G%3BOsorio%2C+A+M%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Kaderlik&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.issn=10559965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Products formed from the in vitro reaction of metabolites of 3-aminochrysene with calf thymus DNA. AN - 75555387; 8431961 AB - 3-Aminochrysene, a mutagenic geometric isomer of the mutagenic and carcinogenic aromatic amine 6-aminochrysene, has been synthesized and its metabolic activation studied by characterization of the products formed from the reaction of metabolites with calf thymus DNA. DNA adducts produced by 3-aminochrysene via N-oxidation were examined by preparing 3-nitrosochrysene and incubating the nitroso derivative with calf thymus DNA in the presence of ascorbic acid (to generate the N-hydroxy derivative) at pH 5. The major adduct, as determined by 1H-NMR and thermospray-mass spectrometry of the modified nucleoside obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis of the modified DNA, was N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-3-aminochrysene. Thus, the reaction of N-hydroxy-3-aminochrysene with DNA differs from that of N-hydroxy-6-aminochrysene, which had previously been shown to generate N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-6-aminochrysene, 5-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-6-aminochrysene and N-(deoxyinosin-8-yl)-6- aminochrysene as major adducts. 32P-Postlabeling analysis of DNA treated with 3-aminochrysene in the presence of liver microsomes from rats pretreated with phenobarbital indicated an adduct pattern identical to that seen with DNA that had been treated with 3-nitrosochrysene and ascorbic acid. However, DNA treated with 3-aminochrysene (3-AC) in the presence of liver microsomes from rats pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene contained a major adduct that was chromatographically distinct from N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-3-aminochrysene. JF - Chemico-biological interactions AU - Herreno-Saenz, D AU - Evans, F E AU - Lai, C C AU - Abian, J AU - Fu, P P AU - Delclos, K B AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 1 EP - 15 VL - 86 IS - 1 SN - 0009-2797, 0009-2797 KW - Chrysenes KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Nitroso Compounds KW - 3-nitrosochrysene KW - 150473-03-3 KW - 3-aminochrysene KW - 316-18-7 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cattle KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Biotransformation KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Male KW - Nitroso Compounds -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Thymus Gland -- chemistry KW - Chrysenes -- pharmacology KW - Nitroso Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Chrysenes -- metabolism KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75555387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemico-biological+interactions&rft.atitle=Products+formed+from+the+in+vitro+reaction+of+metabolites+of+3-aminochrysene+with+calf+thymus+DNA.&rft.au=Herreno-Saenz%2C+D%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BLai%2C+C+C%3BAbian%2C+J%3BFu%2C+P+P%3BDelclos%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Herreno-Saenz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemico-biological+interactions&rft.issn=00092797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of soft tissue sarcoma deaths in cohorts exposed to dioxin and to chlorinated naphthalenes. AN - 75553648; 8420575 AB - Identification of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) in epidemiologic mortality studies is complicated by nosologic coding rules that require that STSs arising in a visceral organ must be coded in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) category for that organ, rather than in the ICD category for malignant neoplasms of connective tissue. Moreover, prior studies have shown poor agreement between diagnoses recorded on death certificates compared with those in hospital records for these tumors. We reviewed deaths from STS among workers in a registry of 6,716 dioxin-exposed workers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and in a NIOSH cohort mortality study of 10,240 workers exposed to chlorinated naphthalenes. We identified 19 subjects with STSs. Of these, 17 (89%) were identifiable by reading the entries on selected death certificates, and two (11%) were found only by reviewing medical records of cases coded to ICD categories likely to have contained STS. Of the 17 STSs identified from death certificates, only nine (53%) had been coded as underlying cause of death to the ICD category "malignant neoplasms of soft and connective tissue." Medical records were obtained for 14 of the 17 cases (82%), and in each case, the STS diagnosis was verified. Tissue blocks from tumors were available for review in nine of the 17 cases identified from death certificates, and the diagnosis of STS was verified in seven (78%). Nosologic rules reduce the sensitivity of cohort mortality studies to detect excesses of STS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Suruda, A J AU - Ward, E M AU - Fingerhut, M A AD - Industrywide Studies Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 14 EP - 19 VL - 4 IS - 1 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Naphthalenes KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Registries -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Death Certificates KW - Cohort Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Soft Tissue Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Sarcoma -- mortality KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects KW - Soft Tissue Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Naphthalenes -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Sarcoma -- chemically induced KW - Cause of Death KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75553648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Identification+of+soft+tissue+sarcoma+deaths+in+cohorts+exposed+to+dioxin+and+to+chlorinated+naphthalenes.&rft.au=Suruda%2C+A+J%3BWard%2C+E+M%3BFingerhut%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Suruda&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Epidemiology. 1993 Jan;4(1):3-6 [8420577] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Notification of workers about an excess of malignant melanoma: a case study. AN - 75541722; 8422064 AB - In January 1991, NIOSH completed a retrospective cohort mortality study of 3,588 Westinghouse Electric Corporation workers who had been engaged in the manufacture of electrical capacitors. The study evolved from a NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation, which was conducted at the request of the Indiana State Board of Health because of its concern about PCB exposures among the Westinghouse workers. Life table analysis revealed a fourfold excess of deaths due to malignant melanoma. Though the workers were principally exposed to PCBs, the available exposure data did not lend itself to constructing an exposure-response curve that could relate PCB exposure to development of malignant melanomas. This was further complicated by the lack of substantial corroboration from other studies of PCB-exposed cohorts. Because of the magnitude of the malignant melanoma excess and the fact that malignant melanoma is probably more amenable to treatment and remediation than most other cancers, NIOSH determined that notification of the individual cohort members was a prudent and necessary public health action. This article describes the notification process from the time the decision to notify was made through the postnotification period. It details the interaction between NIOSH, the former and current plant owners, the two labor organizations that represented the workers at the plant, and the recipients of the notification materials. Scientific and other issues surrounding this notification effort are also discussed. A number of lessons were learned about the notification process; these are described for the benefit of others who conduct notifications. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Mazzuckelli, L F AU - Schulte, P A AD - Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 85 EP - 91 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Indiana -- epidemiology KW - Electric Conductivity KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Retrospective Studies KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- adverse effects KW - Melanoma -- chemically induced KW - Melanoma -- mortality KW - Skin Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Duty to Warn KW - Communication KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Skin Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75541722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Notification+of+workers+about+an+excess+of+malignant+melanoma%3A+a+case+study.&rft.au=Mazzuckelli%2C+L+F%3BSchulte%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Mazzuckelli&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-18 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of time after treatment, treatment schedule and animal age on the frequency of 6-thioguanine-resistant T-lymphocytes induced in Fischer 344 rats by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea. AN - 75529771; 7678151 AB - The persistence of 6-thioguanine-resistant (TGr) T-lymphocytes was investigated in Fischer 344 rats treated with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) using two schedules. Male rats, aged 3 months, were given i.p. injections containing a total of 0, 50 or 100 mg ENU/kg either as a single treatment (single-dose group) or divided among 10 weekly treatments (split-dose group). At 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 weeks after the single-dose treatment, and 10, 20, 30 and 50 weeks after beginning the split-dose regimen, animals were assayed for the frequency of TGr spleen lymphocytes. ENU produced significant dose- and time-dependent responses in the single- and the split-dose treatment groups. Although a few of the 50 mg/kg split-dose treatments were significantly higher than the comparative single-dose groups, the number of TGr lymphocytes produced by the two dosing regimens were generally similar. The frequency of TGr cells for control animals increased with the age of the animals. The mode of ENU administration did not greatly influence the percent cloning efficiency (%CE) of the non-selection cultures, although the %CE declined in animals over 10 months of age. To investigate the relationship between the frequency of TGr cells and the age of the animals at the time of ENU administration, additional rats aged 17 months were treated with a single dose of ENU and at 1, 5 and 10 weeks following exposure, the frequencies of TGr cells were determined from the isolated lymphocytes. No difference in mutagen sensitivity between rats treated at 3 months of age and those treated at 17 months of age was detected at the time points evaluated. The data demonstrate the persistence of ENU-induced TGr T-lymphocytes in the rat and suggest that the dose and possibly the treatment schedule, but not the age of the animal at the time of treatment, affect the response. JF - Mutation research AU - Aidoo, A AU - Lyn-Cook, L E AU - Heflich, R H AU - George, E O AU - Casciano, D A AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 169 EP - 178 VL - 298 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Thioguanine KW - FTK8U1GZNX KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Age Factors KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Drug Resistance KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Thioguanine -- pharmacology KW - Mutagenesis -- drug effects KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75529771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+time+after+treatment%2C+treatment+schedule+and+animal+age+on+the+frequency+of+6-thioguanine-resistant+T-lymphocytes+induced+in+Fischer+344+rats+by+N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea.&rft.au=Aidoo%2C+A%3BLyn-Cook%2C+L+E%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BGeorge%2C+E+O%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Aidoo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=298&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-01 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA's new guide to writing manuals for home-care devices AN - 745658553; 110424 AB - Instruction manuals are critical in helping to ensure that users can operate medical devices safely and effectively. FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health has developed a booklet called 'Write it right: Recommendations for Developing User Instruction Manuals for Medical Devices Used in Home Health Care' to assist manufacturers in developing instruction manuals that are easy for lay users to read, understand, and follow. JF - Medical Device and Diagnostic Industry AU - Backinger, Cathy AU - Kingsley, Patricia AD - FDA's Center Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 82 EP - 85 VL - 15 IS - 10 SN - 0194-844X, 0194-844X KW - Home-care devices KW - Manuals writing KW - Health care KW - Technical writing KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 903:INFORMATION SCIENCE KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745658553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+Device+and+Diagnostic+Industry&rft.atitle=FDA%27s+new+guide+to+writing+manuals+for+home-care+devices&rft.au=Backinger%2C+Cathy%3BKingsley%2C+Patricia&rft.aulast=Backinger&rft.aufirst=Cathy&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=82&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+Device+and+Diagnostic+Industry&rft.issn=0194844X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Phase charge significance in peripheral nerve excitation with constant voltage and constant current stimulation AN - 745657721; 104679 AB - This study compared results from two previous studies of constant current and constant voltage stimulation at the threshold of motor nerve excitation to test which of three pulse parameters; peak voltage, peak current or phase charge are most critical to this excitation. Two groups (G sub(1), G sub(2)), each consisting of 17 healthy human subjects, were involved in this study. The constant voltage stimulation of G sub(1) was applied to the right dorsi flexors and the constant current stimulation of G sub(2) to the right plantar flexors with both groups using self-adhesive surface electrodes of different sizes. The stimulus waveform was symmetrical biphasic with a phase duration of 200 mu sec and a pulse rate of 50 Hz. The amplitude of the waveform was increased until motor threshold was maintained and then the three parameters were recorded. A student t-test revealed no statistical difference in phase charge at the threshold of motor nerve stimulation, but a highly significant difference in both peak current and peak voltage existed between the two groups. The constant current stimulator required an increase in voltage by a factor of 3.5 and a decrease in current by a factor of 6.1 relative to the results obtained with the constant voltage stimulator. We concluded that phase charge is the most meaningful parameter that identifies the threshold peripheral nerve excitation regardless of the type of neuromuscular electrical stimulators (NMES), whether using a constant voltage or a constant current NMES with different electrode sizes. JF - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA). no. 255-1256. 1993. AU - Kantor, Gideon AU - Alon, Gad AU - Ho, Henry S Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 PB - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA) SN - 0780313771 KW - Phase charge KW - Peripheral nerve excitation KW - Motor nerve KW - Constant current stimulation KW - Constant voltage stimulation KW - Neuromuscular electrical stimulators KW - Biomedical engineering KW - Electric variables measurement KW - Biomedical equipment KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 942.2:ELECTRIC VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745657721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kantor%2C+Gideon%3BAlon%2C+Gad%3BHo%2C+Henry+S&rft.aulast=Kantor&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=0780313771&rft.btitle=Phase+charge+significance+in+peripheral+nerve+excitation+with+constant+voltage+and+constant+current+stimulation&rft.title=Phase+charge+significance+in+peripheral+nerve+excitation+with+constant+voltage+and+constant+current+stimulation&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medwatch: FDA's new medical products reporting program AN - 745656245; 90385 AB - Medwatch, the Food and Drug Administration's new medical product reporting program, is a partnership between healthcare professionals, industry and the FDA that is dedicated to the postmarketing surveillance of all FDA-regulated medical products. FDA is committed to educating health professionals about the vital role they play in the detection of adverse events and product problems and facilitating the reporting of those events. JF - Journal of Clinical Engineering AU - Kessler, David A AU - Kennedy, Dianne L AD - FDA, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 489 EP - 492 VL - 18 IS - 6 SN - 0363-8855, 0363-8855 KW - Clinical engineers KW - Drug interactions KW - Drug therapy KW - Medwatch program KW - Side effects KW - Surveillance KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Monitoring KW - Pharmacodynamics KW - W4 462.2:HOSPITALS, EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 462.5:BIOMATERIALS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745656245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Medwatch%3A+FDA%27s+new+medical+products+reporting+program&rft.au=Kessler%2C+David+A%3BKennedy%2C+Dianne+L&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Engineering&rft.issn=03638855&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Monitoring; Pharmacodynamics ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Computation of `worst-case' bioeffects indices and pulse-average intensity values based on acoustic output data submitted to the FDA AN - 745655665; 113915 AB - We recently have concluded an analysis of diagnostic ultrasound acoustic output data processed by the FDA during 1990 and 1991. As part of this analysis, `worst-case' models for transabdominal fetal exposures (assuming a `fixed-path' derating factor with an attenuation coefficient of 1 dB/MHz) have been used to calculate estimates of maximum temperature elevations and mechanical indices, and the results have been compared to corresponding calculations of the mechanical (MI), soft tissue thermal (TIS), and bone thermal (TIB) indices defined in the `Standard for Real-Time Display of Thermal and Mechanical Acoustic Output Indices on Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment.' In this standard an attenuation coefficient of 0.3 dB/cm-MHz is used. In ) 75% of the approximately 100 cases examined, the TIB was within a factor of two of the corresponding worst-case value (i.e., worst-case value less than or equal to 2 multiplied by TIB, and in over 95% of the cases the TIS and MI were within a factor of two of the corresponding worst-case values. In addition, maximum values of the derated spatial-peak, pulse-average intensity (I sub(SPPA.3)) have been computed assuming that the FDA regulatory output limit was based on an MI of 1.9 rather than an I sub(SPPA.3) of 190 W/cm super(2). Under this condition, and assuming that pulse shape would remain constant as pulse amplitude is increased, I sub(SPPA.3) values of up to 2300 W/cm super(2) were calculated. JF - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA). Vol. 2, pp. 935-938. 1993. AU - Harris, Gerald R AU - Patton, Christopher A Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4 EP - 938 PB - IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, (USA) SN - 0780312783 KW - Acoustic intensity measurement KW - Acoustic output data KW - Attenuation KW - Data reduction KW - Diagnosis KW - Diagnostic ultrasound acoustic output data KW - Fetal monitoring KW - Food and Drug Administration KW - Laws and legislation KW - Medical applications KW - Medical computing KW - Pulse average intensity values KW - Real time systems KW - Standards KW - Ultrasonic devices KW - Ultrasonics KW - Worst case bioeffects indices KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 902.2:CODES AND STANDARDS KW - W4 902.3:LEGAL ASPECTS KW - W4 753.1:ULTRASONIC WAVES KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 753.2:ULTRASONIC DEVICES KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745655665?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Harris%2C+Gerald+R%3BPatton%2C+Christopher+A&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=935&rft.isbn=0780312783&rft.btitle=Computation+of+%60worst-case%27+bioeffects+indices+and+pulse-average+intensity+values+based+on+acoustic+output+data+submitted+to+the+FDA&rft.title=Computation+of+%60worst-case%27+bioeffects+indices+and+pulse-average+intensity+values+based+on+acoustic+output+data+submitted+to+the+FDA&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment and management as related to evaluation of medical devices. A view from the FDA AN - 745653931; 102151 AB - The regulatory management by the FDA of medical products should be thought of as a form of risk assessment and risk management. This is a new approach, a new way of thinking about product review and postmarket management processes. This paper outlines several aspects of risk assessment and management that have recently been incorporated into the FDA processes that will simplify reviews and lower the risks involved with the use of medical devices. These aspects include development of a new process for selecting the appropriate resources to dedicate to individual device applications, an increased emphasis on good experimental design for clinical studies, a continued development of a biomaterials database (Biomaterials Compendium). JF - Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants AU - Callahan, Thomas J AU - Marlowe, Donald E AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 269 EP - 276 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1050-6934, 1050-6934 KW - Biomedical equipment KW - Food and Drug Administration KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Evaluation KW - Management KW - W4 902.3:LEGAL ASPECTS KW - W4 462.2:HOSPITALS, EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES KW - W4 914.1:ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 912.2:MANAGEMENT KW - W4 922.2:MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS KW - W4 462.4:PROSTHETICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745653931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Long-Term+Effects+of+Medical+Implants&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+and+management+as+related+to+evaluation+of+medical+devices.+A+view+from+the+FDA&rft.au=Callahan%2C+Thomas+J%3BMarlowe%2C+Donald+E&rft.aulast=Callahan&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Long-Term+Effects+of+Medical+Implants&rft.issn=10506934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Evaluation; Risk assessment; Management ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Rayleigh task performance in tomographic reconstructions: comparison of human and machine performance. AN - 745653871; 79603 AB - We have previously described how imaging systems and image reconstruction algorithms can be evaluated based on the ability of machine and human observers to perform a binary-discrimination task using the resulting images. Machine observers used in these investigations have been based on approximations to the ideal observer of Bayesian statistical decision theory. The present work is an evaluation of tomographic images reconstructed from a small number of views using the Cambridge Maximum Entropy software, MEMSYS 3. We compare the performance of machine and human viewers for the Rayleigh resolution task. Our results indicate that for both humans and machines a broad latitude exists in the choice of the parameter alpha that determines the smoothness of the reconstructions. We find human efficiency relative to the best machine observer to be approximately constant across the range of alpha values studied. The close correspondence between human and machine performance that we have now obtained over a variety of tasks indicate that our evaluation of imaging systems based on machine observers has relevance when the images are intended for human use. JF - SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS, BELLINGHAM, WA (USA). Vol. 1898, pp. 628-637. 1993. AU - Myers, Kyle J AU - Wagner, Robert F AU - Hanson, Kenneth M Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 10 EP - 637 PB - SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS, BELLINGHAM, WA (USA) KW - Bayesian statistical theory KW - Computer software KW - Computerized tomography KW - Decision theory KW - Efficiency KW - Image processing KW - Imaging systems KW - Medical imaging KW - machine observers KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 723.1:COMPUTER PROGRAMMING KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 741.3:OPTICAL DEVICES AND SYSTEMS KW - W4 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745653871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Myers%2C+Kyle+J%3BWagner%2C+Robert+F%3BHanson%2C+Kenneth+M&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=628&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Rayleigh+task+performance+in+tomographic+reconstructions%3A+comparison+of+human+and+machine+performance.&rft.title=Rayleigh+task+performance+in+tomographic+reconstructions%3A+comparison+of+human+and+machine+performance.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dynamic optical properties of collagen-based tissue during ArF excimer laser ablation AN - 745653413; 132444 AB - In this study the absorption of ArF excimer laser light in collagenous tissues is examined. Over a range of incident pulse fluences including the ablation threshold, the temporal distortion of the laser pulse reflected from the cornea was observed. Near the ablation threshold it was shown that reflected pulse shortening begins. Results show that the reflected pulse distortion is partially a result of scattering in the case of measurement of laser light scattered off specular axis from collagen gel targets. JF - Applied Optics AU - Pettit, G H AU - Ediger, M N AU - Weiblinger, R P AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 488 EP - 493 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0003-6935, 0003-6935 KW - ArF excimer lasers KW - Attenuation mechanisms KW - Collagen based tissue KW - Dynamic optical properties KW - Excimer lasers KW - Scattering KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Optical properties KW - Ablation KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 744.9:LASER APPLICATIONS KW - W4 941.4:OPTICAL VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 641.2:HEAT TRANSFER UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745653413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Optics&rft.atitle=Dynamic+optical+properties+of+collagen-based+tissue+during+ArF+excimer+laser+ablation&rft.au=Pettit%2C+G+H%3BEdiger%2C+M+N%3BWeiblinger%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Pettit&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=488&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Optics&rft.issn=00036935&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Optical properties; Ablation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Infrared measurements of sapphire fibers for medical applications AN - 745653387; 132432 AB - Sapphire optical fibers are used in to deliver laser wavelengths for medical procedures. In this study infrared transmission losses of sapphire fibers were studied. Results of this study report for experimental single crystal sapphire fibers transmission losses (in the infrared range) as low as 8 dB/km at 1060 nm and damage at above 1.3 kJ/cm super(2) at 2940 nm. JF - Applied Optics AU - Waynant, R W AU - Oshry, S AU - Fink, M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockvill, MD, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 390 EP - 392 VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0003-6935, 0003-6935 KW - Crystalline materials KW - Damage threshold KW - Medical applications KW - Optical devices KW - Optical transmission KW - Optical variables measurement KW - Sapphire KW - Sapphire fibers KW - Single crystals KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Optical properties KW - Lasers KW - W4 482.2.1:GEMS KW - W4 941.4:OPTICAL VARIABLES MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W4 741.3:OPTICAL DEVICES AND SYSTEMS KW - W4 933.1:CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745653387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Optics&rft.atitle=Infrared+measurements+of+sapphire+fibers+for+medical+applications&rft.au=Waynant%2C+R+W%3BOshry%2C+S%3BFink%2C+M&rft.aulast=Waynant&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=390&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Optics&rft.issn=00036935&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Optical properties; Lasers ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variations in latex protein profiles. AN - 745651131; 85770 AB - Delayed hypersensitivity to natural latex is well documented, but there is an increasing number of reports of severe allergic reactions associated with exposure to latex products. Recent studies indicate that latex anaphylaxis is mediated by water soluble proteins in latex, but the specific antigen(s) responsible for the sensitization has not been definitively identified. Differences in the type and severity of the allergic reaction may be due to differences in an individual's sensitivity or variations in the constituent proteins found in latex. The purpose of this study was to assess the qualitative differences between the proteins present in a variety of latex sources. Proteins extracted from fresh and ammoniated latex and various latex products were separated by SDS-PAGE. Our results indicate that substantial variation exists in the constituent proteins obtained from various sources of raw latex, various latex products, as well as among the same product from various manufacturers. These qualitative differences in the proteins of various latex preparations may help explain, in part, variations in the reported identification of latex antigens. JF - Clinical Materials AU - Fisher, Benjamin R AU - Tomazic, Vesna J AU - Withrow, Thomas J AU - Matesic, Lydia E AD - Cent for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 199 EP - 205 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 0267-6605, 0267-6605 KW - Allergies KW - Composition effects KW - Latex anaphylaxis KW - Latex protein profiles KW - Water soluble proteins KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Antigens KW - Biomaterials KW - Proteins KW - Additives KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 818.5:RUBBER PRODUCTS KW - W4 462.5:BIOMATERIALS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W4 818.1:NATURAL RUBBER KW - W4 803:CHEMICAL AGENTS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745651131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Materials&rft.atitle=Variations+in+latex+protein+profiles.&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Benjamin+R%3BTomazic%2C+Vesna+J%3BWithrow%2C+Thomas+J%3BMatesic%2C+Lydia+E&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Materials&rft.issn=02676605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antigens; Biomaterials; Proteins; Additives ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metallic orthopedic implants and their possible association with cancer. AN - 745650547; 75328 AB - In recent years the use of metallic orthopedic implants has increased greatly. The long-term effects of these artificial joints and fixation devices on surrounding and distant body tissues are uncertain. This review paper examines the possible association of cancer with metallic orthopedic implants. Biochemical processes stemming from formation of wear particles and corrosion and biophysical processes related to surface characteristics of implants are discussed as possible initiators and promoters of carcinogenic responses, locally as well as in remote sites. Animal data and human case reports are summarized. Approaches to further studying the issue, including epidemiologic studies, use of registries, and in vitro assays, are presented. JF - Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants AU - Sharkness, Catherine M AU - Acosta, Sharron K AU - Moore, Roscoe M, Jr AU - Hamburger, Stanford AU - Gross, Thomas P AD - United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 237 EP - 249 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1050-6934, 1050-6934 KW - Carcinogens KW - Corrosion KW - Epidemiology KW - Fracture fixation KW - Joint prostheses KW - Joints (anatomy) KW - Metallic orthopedic implants KW - Orthopedics KW - Tissue KW - Wear of materials KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 421:STRENGTH OF BUILDING MATERIALS KW - W4 804:CHEMICAL PRODUCTS GENERALLY KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W4 539.1:METALS CORROSION KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 462.4:PROSTHETICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745650547?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Long-Term+Effects+of+Medical+Implants&rft.atitle=Metallic+orthopedic+implants+and+their+possible+association+with+cancer.&rft.au=Sharkness%2C+Catherine+M%3BAcosta%2C+Sharron+K%3BMoore%2C+Roscoe+M%2C+Jr%3BHamburger%2C+Stanford%3BGross%2C+Thomas+P&rft.aulast=Sharkness&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Long-Term+Effects+of+Medical+Implants&rft.issn=10506934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Epidemiology; Orthopedics; Corrosion; Carcinogens ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Lab. measurements of sensitometry, MTF, veiling glare, Wiener spectrum and DQE for image intensifier tubes. AN - 745650460; 76644 AB - Several different test protocols were used to measure the sensitometric response, the modulation transfer function (MTF), the veiling glare and the Wiener spectrum of two x-ray image intensifier (II) tubes. These data provided the means to calculate summary measures of imaging performance, i.e., the noise equivalent quanta, NEQ, or the detective quantum efficiency, DQE, as a function of spatial frequency. Results are presented to show the differences between an older versus a newer generation II tube, i.e., DQE = 0.3 plus or minus 0.03 and 0.6 plus or minus 0.06 at 0.5 lp/mm, respectively. The eventual goal of this work is to achieve some consensus on methodology for these measurements and to validate the use of algorithmic observers in quantitating imaging performance in the clinical environment. JF - SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS, BELLINGHAM, WA (USA). Vol. 1896, pp. 248-258. 1993. AU - Gagne, Robert M AU - West, Charles N AU - Wagner, Robert F AU - Quinn, P W Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 11 EP - 258 PB - SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS, BELLINGHAM, WA (USA) KW - Biomedical engineering KW - Biomedical equipment KW - Diagnostic radiography KW - Modulation transfer functions KW - Sensitometers KW - Sensitometry KW - Transfer functions KW - Veiling glare KW - Wiener spectrum KW - X rays KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Modulation KW - W4 714.1:ELECTRON TUBES KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W4 921:APPLIED MATHEMATICS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745650460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Gagne%2C+Robert+M%3BWest%2C+Charles+N%3BWagner%2C+Robert+F%3BQuinn%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Gagne&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=248&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Lab.+measurements+of+sensitometry%2C+MTF%2C+veiling+glare%2C+Wiener+spectrum+and+DQE+for+image+intensifier+tubes.&rft.title=Lab.+measurements+of+sensitometry%2C+MTF%2C+veiling+glare%2C+Wiener+spectrum+and+DQE+for+image+intensifier+tubes.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Evaluation of x-ray sources for mammography. AN - 745650389; 76645 AB - A computational approach is being developed for the evaluation of mammographic imaging system performance. This approach takes into account both the spatial frequency properties and the X-ray spectral characteristics of the system being evaluated. The initial version of the program that implements the approach has been used to evaluate a conventional mammography source assembly for several breast thicknesses, and to compare the conventional tube and filter combination to alternatives that have been suggested for the imaging of breasts that are thicker or more dense than average. It has also been used to study the effect of varying the thickness of the molybdenum filter in the conventional system. The parameters calculated include contrast, average glandular dose, tube load, and a figure of merit, SNR super(2)/Dose. The calculations confirm the strong dependence of system performance on both tube potential and breast thickness for the standard system, and indicate that alternative designs can improve performance in the imaging of thicker or denser breasts. The study of filter thickness shows that, of the four parameters calculated, only tube load is strongly affected by filter thickness. JF - SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS, BELLINGHAM, WA (USA). Vol. 1896, pp. 259-268. 1993. AU - Jennings, Robert J AU - Quinn, P W AU - Gagne, Robert M AU - Fewell, Thomas R Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 10 EP - 268 PB - SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS, BELLINGHAM, WA (USA) KW - Biomedical equipment KW - Mammographic imaging systems KW - Mammography KW - Medical imaging KW - Optical filters KW - X ray radiography KW - X ray sources KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Evaluation KW - W4 462.1:BIOMEDICAL EQUIPMENT (GENERAL) KW - W4 741.3:OPTICAL DEVICES AND SYSTEMS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745650389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Jennings%2C+Robert+J%3BQuinn%2C+P+W%3BGagne%2C+Robert+M%3BFewell%2C+Thomas+R&rft.aulast=Jennings&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Evaluation+of+x-ray+sources+for+mammography.&rft.title=Evaluation+of+x-ray+sources+for+mammography.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - FDA and the regulation of medical software. AN - 745650388; 76453 AB - This paper traces the development of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) regulation of computer software, as discrete products with applications as well as components of regulated medical devices. The earliest Agency deliberations of software are summarized, as are the Agency's broad policy priorities and the concerns of developers, medical industries and user communities over the potential scope and of FDA regulation. JF - IEEE, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, PISCATAWAY, NJ (USA). pp. 1-6. 1993. AU - Kim, Paul TH Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 6 PB - IEEE, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, PISCATAWAY, NJ (USA) SN - 0818637528 KW - Biomedical equipment KW - Food and Drug Administration KW - Laws and legislation KW - Medical applications KW - Medical devices KW - Medical software KW - Quality assurance KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Design KW - W4 902.3:LEGAL ASPECTS KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 913.3:QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 723.5:COMPUTER APPLICATIONS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745650388?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Kim%2C+Paul+TH&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=0818637528&rft.btitle=FDA+and+the+regulation+of+medical+software.&rft.title=FDA+and+the+regulation+of+medical+software.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of aging and caloric restriction on the genotoxicity of four carcinogens in the in vitro rat hepatocyte/DNA repair assay. AN - 73518477; 7677926 AB - The effects of aging and chronic caloric restriction (CR) on the genotoxicity of four carcinogens, representing four different classes of chemicals, in the in vitro rat hepatocyte/DNA repair assay were investigated. Hepatocyte cultures were isolated from young, middle-aged, and old male Fischer (F344) rats which were maintained on either an ad libitum (AL) or a CR diet (60% of AL). Hepatocyte cultures from old AL rats, treated with 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), exhibited age-related decreases in DNA repair as compared to young AL rats. By contrast, cultures from young CR rats exhibited significant diet-related decreases in DNA repair with 2-AAF, AFB1, DMBA and DMN, when compared to results from young AL diet-fed rats. Old CR F344 rat derived cultures exhibited no significant age-related dose-dependent decrease in the DNA repair response with any of the chemicals tested. However, in cultures from old CR rats 10.0 microM AFB1 produced an age-related decrease in DNA repair from the response observed in young CR rats. When hepatocytes were isolated from Aroclor 1254-induced rats, increases in DNA repair were observed. These data indicate an age- and diet-related decrease in DNA repair and/or DNA damage and suggest that this decrease is due to a decrease in metabolic activation of these carcinogens to genotoxic species. JF - Mutation research AU - Shaddock, J G AU - Feuers, R J AU - Chou, M W AU - Pegram, R A AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1993/01// PY - 1993 DA - January 1993 SP - 19 EP - 30 VL - 295 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - 9M98QLJ2DL KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Dimethylnitrosamine KW - M43H21IO8R KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- toxicity KW - Dimethylnitrosamine -- toxicity KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - Energy Intake KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- toxicity KW - Male KW - DNA Repair KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Food Deprivation KW - Aging -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73518477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Effects+of+aging+and+caloric+restriction+on+the+genotoxicity+of+four+carcinogens+in+the+in+vitro+rat+hepatocyte%2FDNA+repair+assay.&rft.au=Shaddock%2C+J+G%3BFeuers%2C+R+J%3BChou%2C+M+W%3BPegram%2C+R+A%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Shaddock&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=295&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Health Promotion Goes to Work: Programs with an Impact. AN - 62787166; ED373023 AB - This compendium of worksite health program examples with documented results illustrates the role of the worksite in preventing disease and injury, and promoting health among employees and their families. The document provides a core representation among public and private organizations of outstanding examples of successful programs. The main body of the document consists of program summaries, grouped in chapters according to employee type (private sector or public) and employer size (over or under 1,000 employees). Within each chapter, entries are alphabetized by employer name. The uniform format of the summaries includes: (1) the name of the employer organization; (2) a summary statement of the purpose of the program; (3) the issue(s) on which the program is focused; (4) business type; (5) program setting; (6) the year in which program was initiated; (6) source and level of funding; (7) the name, address, and telephone number of a contact person; (8) a summary of the program's history; (9) a list of primary program activities; and (10) information on the impact of the program. A form is provided for collecting information about programs not included. (LL) Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 81 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Health Facilities KW - Public Sector KW - Program Design KW - Physical Fitness KW - Mental Health Programs KW - Adults KW - Health Education KW - Health Promotion KW - Private Sector KW - Program Development KW - Work Environment KW - Health Activities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62787166?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Produced on behalf of the National Coordinating Co N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - School Health: Findings from Evaluated Programs. AN - 62774866; ED370938 AB - This publication presents findings from evaluations of many school health programs from across the United States. Each program includes at least one of the following eight components of a comprehensive school health program: health education, clinical services, counseling and mental health services, school environment, school food programs, physical education and physical fitness, faculty and staff health promotion, and community coordination. A uniform format incorporates: (1) name and location of the program; (2) a mission statement; (3) target grade level(s); (4) a description of the student population studied in the evaluation; (5) the setting in which the program was evaluated; (6) components of the program, with the major component listed first in italics; (7) dates during which evaluation studies were conducted; (8) agencies and other partners involved in the program; (9) the name, address, and telephone number of a person to contact for more information; (10) a brief narrative description of the program; (11) a summary of the evaluation design used to assess the program, and (12) a synopsis of major findings of the evaluation study, "Healthy People 2000 Objectives and the National Education Goals," and a form that may be completed and returned to provide information about additional evaluated school health programs are appended. (Contains approximately 100 references.) (LL) Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 117 KW - Comprehensive School Health Programs KW - Healthy People 2000 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Program Design KW - National Programs KW - Lunch Programs KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Mental Health KW - Community Involvement KW - Health Education KW - Health Promotion KW - School Health Services KW - Physical Education KW - Educational Environment KW - Breakfast Programs KW - Program Implementation KW - Program Evaluation KW - School Counseling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62774866?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Produced on behalf of the National Coordinating Co N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - People with Disabilities: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs Resource Guide. Drug Free by the Year 2000. AN - 62709174; ED380930 AB - This resource guide provides information for counselors, physical therapists, and mental health professionals about alcohol and other drug problems of individuals with physical disabilities. The guide begins with 26 listings of prevention materials, including brochures, videotapes, classroom materials, and other items. Information provided for each listing includes publication or production date, length, target audience, setting, readability, availability, and a paragraph-length annotation. The guide then presents annotations for nine government publications and journal articles and six other publications dealing with drug abuse. The guide concludes with a list of 16 groups, organizations, and programs dealing with people who have disabilities. (JDD) AU - Zuckerman, Karen Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 23 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345 (Order No. MS461). KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Counselors KW - Practitioners KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Substance Abuse KW - Drug Addiction KW - Disabilities KW - Alcoholism KW - Organizations (Groups) KW - Publications KW - Drug Abuse KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Substance Abuse KW - Drug Addiction KW - Disabilities KW - Alcoholism KW - Organizations (Groups) KW - Publications KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62709174?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - An African-Centered Model of Prevention for African-American Youth at High Risk. AN - 62703577; ED385629 AB - The chapters of this report provide a starting point for the development of authentic prevention strategies for use in the African-American community, specifically for high risk youth. It is neither a "how to" manual nor a mandate for specific program details, but it does highlight the key components of alcohol and other drug abuse prevention. The following chapters are included: (1) "Background and Scope of the Alcohol and Other Drug Problem" (Lawford L. Goddard); (2) "Familial Precursors to Drug Abuse" (Lawford L. Goddard); (3) "Political and Economic Implications of Alcohol and Other Drugs in the African-American Community" (Omowale Amuleru-Marshall); (4) "Issues of Biological Vulnerability in AOD Abuse for the African-American Community" (Patricia A. Newton); (5) "Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Literature, 1980-1989: Selected Abstracts" (Lawford L. Goddard); (6) "The Complex Nature of Prevention in the African-American Community: The Problem of Conceptualization" (Milton Morris); (7) "Natural Resistors in AOD Abuse Prevention in the African-American Family" (Lawford L. Goddard); (8) "Spirituality in the African-American Community" (Janet Pinkett); (9) "An Afrocentric Intervention Strategy" (Leonard C. Long); (10) "Prevention and Intervention Programs Targeted toward African-American Youth at High Risk" (Robert J. Courtney, Jr.); (11) "Site Visit Report of Three OSAP Grants Targeting African-American Youth at High Risk" (Lawford L. Goddard); (12) "An African-Centered Model of Prevention for African-American Youth at High Risk" (Wade W. Nobles and Lawford L. Goddard); and (13) "Selected African-Centered Readings" (Wade W. Nobles, Lawford L. Goddard, William E. Cavil, and Pamela Y. George). References follow each chapter, and a 167-item bibliography is included. An attachment lists key concepts and definitions related to these issues. Nine figures and two exhibits illustrate the discussions. (SLD) AU - Goddard, Lawford L. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 145 KW - African Americans KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Political Influences KW - Family Characteristics KW - High Risk Students KW - Black Youth KW - Biological Influences KW - Black Community KW - Models KW - Economic Factors KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Afrocentrism KW - Policy Formation KW - Program Development KW - Urban Youth KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62703577?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Product of a conference convened by staff of the O N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Reaching African-American Youth Who Live in High-Risk Environments. Technical Assistance Bulletin. AN - 62440803; ED422411 AB - To support community efforts to reach out to African American youth confronted with high-risk environments in the cities, the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention has launched the Urban Youth Public Education Campaign. This campaign targets 9- to 13-year-old African American youth in high-risk inner-city environments. The campaign is designed to reinforce ongoing alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) prevention efforts. In Phase 1, the campaign targeted youth in 14 major cities. In Phase 2, the campaign is reaching to more cities and collaborating with other agencies to form links between prevention and treatment professionals. This bulletin shares the lessons learned from the campaign's market research, campaign implementation, and materials development phases, and it includes suggestions for other programs. The market research indicated that ATOD use is low among African American preteens and adolescents under age 16, even though African American youth in cities are affected by drugs in other ways. A framework of use, involvement, exposure, and victimization was developed as a result of the market research, and this framework was considered in implementing the campaign in the cities through community collaborations for education and intervention. Suggested applications for other communities derived from early campaign implementation include: (1) address the entire spectrum of health issues and ATOD experience in the community; (2) extend prevention messages beyond issues of use to all levels of the ATOD experience; (3) emphasize the role of families and influential adults in ATOD problem prevention; (4) empower youth in the community; (5) foster positive activities in the community; and (6) use nontraditional messages and messengers. Some specific points for success in working with African American youth are also presented. (SLD) Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 15 KW - African Americans KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Outreach Programs KW - High Risk Students KW - Community Programs KW - Black Youth KW - Youth Programs KW - Models KW - Inner City KW - Program Development KW - Agency Cooperation KW - Urban Youth KW - Drug Use KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62440803?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Rural Health: The Story of Outreach. A Program of Cooperation in Health Care. AN - 62304454; ED449952 AB - Rural Health Outreach is a federal program of demonstration grants designed to encourage organizations to cooperate in delivering health care services to rural Americans. Thirteen programs utilizing innovative collaborations between state agencies, schools, nonprofit organizations, hospitals, volunteers, and the private sector are described a year into their work. On Virginia's Delmarva Peninsula, check-ups were provided to middle school students at school. In North Dakota, ambulance volunteers received training. A consortium of community mental health centers in 13 Oregon counties accessed help from specialists via satellite. Mobile prenatal care was provided in two northwestern Pennsylvania counties. Alaska Natives were trained to be physician assistants in their rural villages. In- and out-patient hospice services were established in Grundy County, Iowa. An Ohio school district provided mental health counseling to students and families at school or home. A family planning service was upgraded to provide full-time primary care service at two sites on Oahu (Hawaii). Financial counseling and aid was provided at public health sites throughout western Wisconsin. A new telecommunications network enabled physicians at Maine health centers to update their learning and consult one another. Native American culture was incorporated into mental health therapy addressing high alcoholism and school dropout rates in a New Mexico town. A northeast Oklahoma consortium coordinated and complemented the region's elderly services. Health education programs in schools combated teen pregnancy and a new van transported clients to clinics for prenatal care in two Alabama counties. (TD) Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 49 PB - Health Resources and Services Administration, Parklawn Building, Room 9-05, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, Tel: 888-ASK-HRSA, Web site: http://www.ask.hrsa.gov/detail.cfm?id=ORHP00037. KW - Telemedicine KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - School Community Relationship KW - Outreach Programs KW - Federal Aid KW - Child Health KW - Mental Health Programs KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Prenatal Care KW - Health Education KW - Geographic Isolation KW - Rural Areas KW - Medical Education KW - Health Services KW - Allied Health Occupations Education KW - Public Health KW - Agency Cooperation KW - Access to Health Care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62304454?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Photographs may not reproduce adequately. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Marriage: Does It Protect Young Women from Alcoholism? AN - 61591876; 199401345 AB - Explores variations in drinking patterns 1982-1988 as a function of changes in marital status among a sample of females (Fs) ages 24-32 who were respondents in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY). Findings indicate that Fs who married or remarried decreased drinking, whereas those who became separated or divorced increased drinking. Fs with alcoholic spouses exhibited similar changes in drinking as did other young Fs. 5 Tables, 23 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Substance Abuse AU - Hanna, Eleanor Z AU - Faden, Vivian B AU - Harford, Thomas C AD - Public Health Service National Instit Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism, Rockville MD 20857 Y1 - 1993///0, PY - 1993 DA - 0, 1993 SP - 1 EP - 14 VL - 5 IS - 1 SN - 0899-3289, 0899-3289 KW - marital status-drinking practices relationship, women KW - 1982-1988 national survey data KW - Marital Status KW - Marital Adjustment KW - Alcoholism KW - Drinking Behavior KW - article KW - 6129: social welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61591876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Substance+Abuse&rft.atitle=Marriage%3A+Does+It+Protect+Young+Women+from+Alcoholism%3F&rft.au=Hanna%2C+Eleanor+Z%3BFaden%2C+Vivian+B%3BHarford%2C+Thomas+C&rft.aulast=Hanna&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Substance+Abuse&rft.issn=08993289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Marital Status; Drinking Behavior; Alcoholism; Marital Adjustment ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Trends in Indian health, 1992 AN - 59635386; 1993-1012669 AB - Structure of the Indian Health Service and health status of American Indians and Alaska natives. Includes birth, mortality, patient care, and community health statistics. JF - Room 6A-20, Parklawn Bldg., 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, 1993. viii+106 pp. Y1 - 1993///0, PY - 1993 DA - 0, 1993 EP - viii+106 PB - Room 6A-20, Parklawn Bldg., 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857 KW - Alaska -- Native races -- Health KW - Indians -- Health -- Statistics KW - United States -- Indian health service UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59635386?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=viii%2B106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Trends+in+Indian+health%2C+1992&rft.title=Trends+in+Indian+health%2C+1992&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Room 6A-20, Parklawn Bldg., 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857 pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s), map(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Regional differences in Indian health, 1993: Indian Health Service AN - 59633966; 1993-1011453 AB - Indian Health Service's programs and the health status of American Indians and Alaska natives; includes data, 1987-89. JF - Rockville, MD 20857, 1993. vi+86 pp. Y1 - 1993///0, PY - 1993 DA - 0, 1993 EP - vi+86 PB - Rockville, MD 20857 KW - Alaska -- Native races -- Health KW - United States -- Health policy KW - Indians -- Health KW - United States -- Indian health service UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59633966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vi%2B86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Regional+differences+in+Indian+health%2C+1993%3A+Indian+Health+Service&rft.title=Regional+differences+in+Indian+health%2C+1993%3A+Indian+Health+Service&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Rockville, MD 20857 pa N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Carcinogenic effects of benzene as a major component of gasoline and jet fuels AN - 52824536; 1996-057671 JF - Hydrocarbon contaminated soils; Volume III, Perspectives analysis/site assessment, human health risk assessment, remediation, ecological risk assessment, environmental fate, and exposure, regulatory AU - Harper, Carolyn C AU - Faroon, Obaid AU - Mehlman, Myron A A2 - Calabrese, Edward J. A2 - Kostecki, Paul T. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 PB - Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL SN - 1566700183 KW - soils KW - hazardous waste KW - toxic materials KW - inhalation KW - medical geology KW - pollutants KW - gasoline KW - regulations KW - pollution KW - adsorption KW - petroleum products KW - benzene KW - remediation KW - human ecology KW - ground water KW - carcinogens KW - organic compounds KW - hydrocarbons KW - risk assessment KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/52824536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Harper%2C+Carolyn+C%3BFaroon%2C+Obaid%3BMehlman%2C+Myron+A&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=1566700183&rft.btitle=Carcinogenic+effects+of+benzene+as+a+major+component+of+gasoline+and+jet+fuels&rft.title=Carcinogenic+effects+of+benzene+as+a+major+component+of+gasoline+and+jet+fuels&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1996-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 116 N1 - PubXState - FL N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 12 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radon on the Navajo Nation Indian Reservation, Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah AN - 50282426; 1994-010338 JF - Arizona Geological Survey Bulletin AU - Taylor, Michael A AU - Duncan, John T A2 - Spencer, Jon E. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 82 EP - 85 PB - University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ KW - United States KW - experimental studies KW - geologic hazards KW - noble gases KW - Arizona KW - Navajo Indian Reservation KW - surveys KW - Utah KW - New Mexico KW - radon KW - human ecology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50282426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arizona+Geological+Survey+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Radon+on+the+Navajo+Nation+Indian+Reservation%2C+Arizona%2C+New+Mexico%2C+and+Utah&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Michael+A%3BDuncan%2C+John+T&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=82&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arizona+Geological+Survey+Bulletin&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 1994-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 2 N1 - PubXState - AZ N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #03631 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arizona; experimental studies; geologic hazards; human ecology; Navajo Indian Reservation; New Mexico; noble gases; radon; surveys; United States; Utah ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of waterborne chlorpyrifos in channel catfish AN - 19254138; 5823857 AB - The pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and metabolism of chlorpyrifos were investigated in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fitted with arterial and urinary catheters. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated rapid absorption of parent chlorpyrifos into the blood after oral dosing or waterborne exposure with slower distribution to peripheral tissues. The oral bioavailability of chlorphyrifos was 41%. Total residue concentrations were highest residues in the whole fish. Parent chlorpyrifos comprised > 90% of the super(14)C-Iabeled residues in the whole fish. super(14)C-Labeled residues were excreted by renal and biliary routes as metabolites of chlorpyrifos; excretion of the parent chemical was negligible. Trichlorpyridinol (TCP) was the major metabolite in blood (-40% of total residues), whereas the glucuronide conjugate of TCP was the major metabolite in urine (60-90%) and bile (> 90%). The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of chlorpyrifos in the channel catfish were similar to the disposition of chlorpyrifos in other vertebrates. JF - 14th Annual Meeting (SETAC) - Ecological Risk Assessment: Lessons Learned? -- Abstract Book. AU - Plakas, S M AU - Barron, M G Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 EP - vp KW - Channel catfish KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Kinetics KW - Environmental impact KW - Pollution effects KW - Fish KW - Metabolites KW - Freshwater KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - Metabolism KW - Q1 08341:General KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19254138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Plakas%2C+S+M%3BBarron%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vp&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Pharmacokinetics+and+metabolism+of+waterborne+chlorpyrifos+in+channel+catfish&rft.title=Pharmacokinetics+and+metabolism+of+waterborne+chlorpyrifos+in+channel+catfish&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter; Summary only N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Environmental risk assessment of the use of animal drug products in aquaculture AN - 19252507; 5823461 AB - In spite of the rapid growth of aquaculture industry in the United States, very few drug products have been approved for use in fish and other aquatic organisms. As the aquaculture industry attempts to obtain approvals for new animal drugs, FDA is finding that the environmental risk assessment of the use of these drugs requires considerations not encountered in the assessment of other animal drugs, which traditionally have been used in the terrestrial environment. Drugs used in aquaculture often are added directly to ponds, raceways, or net pens containing fish or may be added to feed that is then added to water. Because of these routes of drug administration, the potential for exposure of nontarget organisms to the drugs and their residues is high. There is also the risk that water from treated ponds may seep into groundwater and contaminate drinking water supplies. Very little information is available concerning the environmental fate of the drugs used in aquaculture or of the effects of these drugs on nontarget organisms. The approval of drugs for use in aquaculture will require development of fate and effects data and cooperative efforts among states, other federal agencies, and the aquaculture industry. JF - 14th Annual Meeting (SETAC) - Ecological Risk Assessment: Lessons Learned? -- Abstract Book. AU - Haley, C J Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 EP - vp KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Aquatic organisms KW - DDE KW - Ground water KW - Freshwater KW - Risks KW - Hazard assessment KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19252507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Aquatic+Science+%26+Fisheries+Abstracts+%28ASFA%29+3%3A+Aquatic+Pollution+%26+Environmental+Quality&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Haley%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Haley&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=vp&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Environmental+risk+assessment+of+the+use+of+animal+drug+products+in+aquaculture&rft.title=Environmental+risk+assessment+of+the+use+of+animal+drug+products+in+aquaculture&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter; Summary only N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of ultrasonic ranging sensors in an underground environment AN - 1765875429; 2016-013117 AB - Ultrasonic ranging sensors are inexpensive, have no moving parts, have no lenses to clean, are normally small and unobtrusive, and can measure distances through moderate amounts of dust, smoke, and humidity, so they are well suited to underground mines. In the work reported here, conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, researchers tested ultrasonic ranging sensors for their ability to define rib line features for computer-aided navigation of underground mine mobile equipment. The investigation began with laboratory tests of field of view, angle of incidence, intersensor variation, and ranging accuracy of the individual rangers in a ring array produced by Denning Robotics of Wilmington, MA. The results showed that the sensors have good accuracy and low variability. Additional experiments at AMAX's Henderson Mine showed the sensors could accurately and reliably measure the distance to mine features, including convex and concave corners and rib intersections. The results showed that when used properly, the ranger data are accurate enough for reliable mine vehicle navigation. When used incorrectly, ultrasonic rangers do not provide the anticipated data. Therefore, this report explains the principles of ultrasonic range measurement, describes the ranger's strengths and weaknesses, and explains proper ranger use and data analysis. JF - Report of Investigations - United States. Bureau of Mines AU - Strickland, W H AU - King, R H Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 39 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. SN - 1066-5552, 1066-5552 KW - mining KW - attenuation KW - underground space KW - underground mining KW - ultrasonic ranging sensors KW - site exploration KW - geophysical methods KW - reflection methods KW - accuracy KW - ultrasonic methods KW - instruments KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1765875429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Report+of+Investigations+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+ultrasonic+ranging+sensors+in+an+underground+environment&rft.au=Strickland%2C+W+H%3BKing%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Strickland&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Report+of+Investigations+-+United+States.+Bureau+of+Mines&rft.issn=10665552&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2016-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 26 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 3 tables N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-18 N1 - CODEN - XBMIA6 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accuracy; attenuation; geophysical methods; instruments; mining; reflection methods; site exploration; ultrasonic methods; ultrasonic ranging sensors; underground mining; underground space ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stress protein synthesis induced in rat liver by cadmium precedes hepatotoxicity AN - 17084869; 3889137 AB - A diverse array of chemical and physical stressors increases the synthesis of a class of proteins referred to as heat shock proteins (hsp) or stress proteins. We are investigating the potential of using altered protein synthesis patterns, including the enhanced synthesis of stress proteins, as biomarkers of exposure and cellular injury. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a model hepatotoxicant, cadmium (Cd(II)), on stress protein synthesis in male rat liver. To assess target tissue specificity, stress protein synthesis was also studied in kidney. Liver and kidney slices from exposed rats were incubated with [ super(35)S]methionine for 1.5 hr, subjected to one-dimensional SDS-PAGE, and super(35)S-labeled proteins were analyzed by autoradiography. Enhanced de novo synthesis of 70-, 90-, and 110-kilodalton (kDa) relative molecular mass (M sub(r)) proteins was detected 2 hr after exposure to 2 mg Cd/kg, with maximum activity occurring at 2-4 hr. By 8-16 hr postinjection, synthesis of these proteins had decreased. Synthesis of a 68-kDa protein present in control liver was inhibited 2 hr after exposure with synthesis restored at 16-24 hr. Dose-related increases in synthesis of the three stress proteins were observed 4 hr after iv injection of 1.0 and 2.0 mg Cd/kg, with concomitant inhibition of synthesis of the 68-kDa protein. Mild single cell necrosis of hepatocytes was observed 8 hr after injection of 2 mg Cd/kg which progressed to mild multifocal necrotic foci at 16 hr. No lesions were evident at lower dosages. Increases in plasma sorbitol dehydrogenase activity, a clinical indicator of hepatic injury, was not apparent until 8 hr after exposure. A functional deficit, decreased hepatic microsomal N-demethylase activity, was not observed until 16 hr after iv injection of 2 mg/kg. No changes in kidney de novo stress protein synthesis were observed. No evidence of renal injury was apparent, as evaluated by histopathology, uptake of [para- super(3)H]aminohippurate into renal slices, and blood urea nitrogen values. The 70-kDa stress protein induced early after Cd treatment was identified with a monoclonal antibody as the 72-kDa-inducible hsp. The 90-kDa protein induced by Cd reacted negatively with three monoclonal antibodies to hsp90 and was subsequently identified as a glucose regulated protein (grp94). The data demonstrate that Cd induces alterations in the expression of hepatic gene products in vivo as evidenced by enhanced stress protein synthesis and inhibition of synthesis of constitutive proteins. These changes in liver protein synthesis occurred prior to overt hepatic injury based on histopathologic evidence and two biochemical assays used to assess hepatic injury. Altered patterns of stress protein synthesis in response to Cd appeared to be target organ specific, as no changes in protein synthesis or evidence of renal injury were demonstrated. The data suggest that chemical-induced changes in protein synthesis, including enhanced synthesis of stress proteins, may serve as biomarkers of hepatic injury or represent an adaptation response to toxic insult. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Goering, P L AU - Fisher, B R AU - Kish, CL AD - Health Sci. Branch, Div. Life Sci., Office Sci. and Technol., Cent. for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, HFZ-112, 12709 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 139 EP - 148 VL - 122 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - cadmium KW - heavy metals KW - stress proteins KW - rats KW - biomarkers KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - protein biosynthesis KW - liver KW - X 24165:Biochemistry KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17084869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Stress+protein+synthesis+induced+in+rat+liver+by+cadmium+precedes+hepatotoxicity&rft.au=Goering%2C+P+L%3BFisher%2C+B+R%3BKish%2C+CL&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=122&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - protein biosynthesis; liver ER - TY - CONF T1 - Environmental assessment: U.S. requirements in new drug applications AN - 17002440; 3841961 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic (FD&C) Act and other public health statutes, is responsible for ensuring that human drugs are safe and effective. FDA is able to carry out its responsibilities by approving products before they are marketed, enforcing regulations, and taking necessary compliance actions when problems are identified. The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) provides FDA with supplementary authority to consider environmental factors in its decisionmaking. The role of the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research in implementing NEPA is discussed. JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials AU - Vincent, P G Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 211 EP - 216 VL - 35 IS - 2 KW - FDA KW - National Environmental Policy Act KW - federal policies KW - compliance KW - government agencies KW - government policy KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - drugs KW - environmental impact KW - legislation KW - USA KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17002440?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.atitle=Environmental+assessment%3A+U.S.+requirements+in+new+drug+applications&rft.au=Vincent%2C+P+G&rft.aulast=Vincent&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=211&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Hazardous+Materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progress in polio eradication AN - 16970290; 3626579 AB - Few issues in public health policy have generated a longer controversy than the choice between oral and inactivated poliovirus vaccines. 5 years have passed since the 41st World Health Assembly's resolution to eradicate poliomyelitis by the year 2000 and those years have seen a quiet evolution in strategic thinking. This evolution was manifest at a poliomyelitis symposium in Jerusalem in February, 1993. These discussions prompted us to review progress and impediments in achieving the eradication goal and to articulate the major elements contributing to the growing alliance among proponents of the two vaccines. JF - Lancet AU - Patriarca, P A AU - Foege, W H AU - Swartz, T A AD - FDA/CBER/OD (HFM-30), Build. 29, Rm. 122, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1461 EP - 1464 VL - 342 IS - 8885 SN - 0099-5355, 0099-5355 KW - Poliomyelitis Eradication Initiative KW - poliomyelitis KW - disease control KW - vaccines KW - international organizations KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - international cooperation KW - H SM8.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - V 22124:Prophylaxis & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16970290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Progress+in+polio+eradication&rft.au=Patriarca%2C+P+A%3BFoege%2C+W+H%3BSwartz%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Patriarca&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=342&rft.issue=8885&rft.spage=1461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet&rft.issn=00995355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - international cooperation; poliomyelitis; disease control; vaccines; international organizations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Growth of Salmonella spp. in cantaloupe, watermelon, and honeydew melons AN - 16964823; 3616352 AB - The ability of Salmonella spp. to grow on the interior tissues of cantaloupe, watermelon, and honeydew melons was investigated. Pieces of rind-free melons (pH 5.90-6.67) and tryptic soy broth (TSB, pH 5.90) were inoculated with a mixed culture (approximately 100 CFU/g or ml) containing equal proportions of five species of Salmonella (S. anatum, S. chester, S. havana, S. poona, and S. senftenberg). Inoculated melon pieces and TSB were incubated for 24 h at 5 or 23 degree C. Viable populations of salmonellae were determined by surface plating test portions on Hektoen enteric agar. Results indicated that Salmonella growth was rapid and prolific on the melons and in TSB at 23 degree C incubation. Final populations on watermelons were approximately 1.0 log sub(10) greater than populations on cantaloupe and honeydew and in TSB. Although viable Salmonella populations on melons and in TSB did not increase during the 24-h incubation at 5 degree C, little or no decrease in viable populations was observed. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Golden, DA AU - Rhodehamel, E J AU - Kautter, DA AD - Div. HACCP Programs, FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 194 EP - 196 VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - fruits KW - Salmonella KW - growth KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16964823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Growth+of+Salmonella+spp.+in+cantaloupe%2C+watermelon%2C+and+honeydew+melons&rft.au=Golden%2C+DA%3BRhodehamel%2C+E+J%3BKautter%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Golden&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; growth; fruits ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Use of cell proliferation data in cancer risk assessment: FDA view AN - 16952758; 3613788 AB - The possible uses of cell proliferation data in cancer risk assessment can be divided into three categories: direct use of mathematical models that incorporate rates of cell proliferation, use of experimental data on secondary mechanisms produced by cell proliferation, and using studies of cellular growth rates to extend the dose range of bioassay data. These three approaches are briefly discussed and some indication of their potential application to cancer risk assessment is outlined. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives [ENVIRON. HEALTH PERSPECT.]. Vol. 101, no. 5 Suppl. 1993. AU - Scheuplein, R J Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 EP - no. 5 Sul. KW - FDA KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - cell proliferation KW - USA KW - data KW - bioassays KW - mathematical models KW - risk assessment KW - cancer KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16952758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Scheuplein%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Scheuplein&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=no.+5+Sul.&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Use+of+cell+proliferation+data+in+cancer+risk+assessment%3A+FDA+view&rft.title=Use+of+cell+proliferation+data+in+cancer+risk+assessment%3A+FDA+view&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abbreviated preenrichment period for recovery of Salmonella spp. from selected low-moisture dairy foods AN - 16952393; 3616354 AB - A 6-h and a 24-h preenrichment procedure were compared for their ability to recover Salmonella spp. from selected low-moisture dairy foods. The foods were artificially inoculated several days before analysis, and 20 replicate test portions per procedure from each food were examined in each experiment. Samples examined by the 6-h abbreviated procedure were preenriched for 6 h at 35 degree C in an air incubator or water bath and centrifuged at 4,100 x g for 10 min. Pellets were suspended in tetrathionate broth and incubated for 24 h at 35 degree C. For the 24-h standard procedure, test portions were preenriched for 24 h at 35 degree C in an air incubator, subcultured to tetrathionate broth, and incubated for 24 h at 35 degree C. Selective enrichment broths from both procedures were streaked onto selective agar plates, and presumptive Salmonella isolates were identified by conventional biochemical and serological tests. Recovery of Salmonella spp. from instant nonfat dry milk and dry whole milk was equivalent for both preenrichment procedures. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Hammack, T S AU - Satchell, F B AU - Andrews, W H AU - Amaguana, R M AU - June, G A AU - Sherrod, P S AU - Koopman, L AD - Div. Microbiol., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 201 EP - 204 VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - procedure KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - media (enrichment) KW - dairy products KW - Salmonella KW - recovery KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16952393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Abbreviated+preenrichment+period+for+recovery+of+Salmonella+spp.+from+selected+low-moisture+dairy+foods&rft.au=Hammack%2C+T+S%3BSatchell%2C+F+B%3BAndrews%2C+W+H%3BAmaguana%2C+R+M%3BJune%2C+G+A%3BSherrod%2C+P+S%3BKoopman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Hammack&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; recovery; dairy products; media (enrichment) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibodies to Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin in neonatal and maternal sera AN - 16936305; 3610885 AB - To investigate the high prevalence among infants of antibodies to Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT), cord-blood sera were examined for antibodies to ACT, filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) and pertussis toxin (PT) using immunoblot analysis. Antibodies reactive with ACT were the most prevalent in neonatal sera. Similar reactivity of IgG with ACT was found in each sample of a given neonatal-maternal pair, yet IgM reactive with ACT was virtually absent in neonatal sera, suggesting that antibodies to ACT are maternally derived. Antibodies to ACT might come from infection or childhood vaccination of the mothers since pertussis vaccines from all US manufacturers elicited antibodies to ACT in mice. Alternatively, these antibodies may have been elicited by a cross-reactive antigen such as Escherichia coli alpha -hemolysin, since all of the neonatal and maternal sera contained antibodies reactive with alpha -hemolysin. JF - FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology AU - Arciniega, J L AU - Hewlett, EL AU - Edwards, K M AU - Burns, D L AD - Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., U.S. FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 325 EP - 330 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 0928-8244, 0928-8244 KW - adenylate cyclase KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - toxins KW - antibodies KW - pertussis KW - cord blood KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - man KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16936305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Antibodies+to+Bordetella+pertussis+adenylate+cyclase+toxin+in+neonatal+and+maternal+sera&rft.au=Arciniega%2C+J+L%3BHewlett%2C+EL%3BEdwards%2C+K+M%3BBurns%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Arciniega&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=09288244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; toxins; antibodies; pertussis; man; cord blood ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of combined benzidine in FD & C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine), using a highly sensitive analytical method AN - 16888097; 3590513 AB - 53 samples of FD & C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine; Colour Index No. 19140) were examined for combined benzidine. These samples, which represent separate lots from 12 dye distributors, were submitted to the US FDA for certification between 28 February 1990 and 27 June 1991. A method was developed to reduce the dye matrix with dithionite so that combined benzidine present in the form of azo or disazo dyes would be converted to free benzidine. Reduction was followed by extraction, diazotization and coupling with pyrazolone T, and the total benzidine present was quantitated as benzidine-pyrazolone T disazo dye (BZPT) by HPLC with detection at 500 nm. The limit of quantitation for benzidine in FD & C Yellow No. 5 by this method is 5 ng/g. 25 samples of FD & C Yellow No. 5 were found to contain 7-83 ng/g of combined benzidine that was released by dithionite reduction. 23 of these samples were from the same manufacturer. The identity of the BZPT from two FD & C Yellow No. 5 samples was confirmed by spectral analysis using HPLC with a photodiode array detector. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Prival, MJ AU - Peiperl, MD AU - Bell, S J AD - Genet. Toxicol. Branch (HFS-236), Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, 200 C Street, SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 751 EP - 758 VL - 31 IS - 10 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - tartrazine KW - benzidine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - food dyes KW - detection KW - methodology KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16888097?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+combined+benzidine+in+FD+%26amp%3B+C+Yellow+No.+5+%28tartrazine%29%2C+using+a+highly+sensitive+analytical+method&rft.au=Prival%2C+MJ%3BPeiperl%2C+MD%3BBell%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Prival&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=751&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - food dyes; detection; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafood from the Gulf of Alaska following a major crude oil spill AN - 16863525; 3576490 AB - More than ten million gallons of Prudo Bay crude oil spilled into Prince William Sound, Alaska, when the supertanker Exxon Valdez ran aground on Bligh Reef March 24, 1989. The oil spread over thousands of square miles of prime commercial fish waters, causing State and Federal agencies to initiate immediate controls to ensure that seafood contaminated with this crude oil did not enter commercial channels. As a consequence, the 1989 herring fishery was closed for the season, and other fisheries, including the salmon fishery, were closely monitored. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Saxton, W L AU - Newton, R T AU - Rorberg, J AU - Sutton, J AU - Johnson, LE AD - U.S. FDA, P.O. Box 3012, Bothell, WA 98041-3012, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 515 EP - 522 VL - 51 IS - 4 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Exxon Valdez KW - INE, USA, Alaska, Prince William Sound KW - USA, Alaska, Prince William Sound KW - accumulation KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - crude oil KW - ecological effects KW - groundings KW - marine pollution KW - pollution effects KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - seafood KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts KW - fisheries KW - bioaccumulation KW - oil spills KW - Marine KW - oil pollution KW - hydrocarbons KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - O 4020:Pollution - Organisms/Ecology/Toxicology KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16863525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+in+seafood+from+the+Gulf+of+Alaska+following+a+major+crude+oil+spill&rft.au=Saxton%2C+W+L%3BNewton%2C+R+T%3BRorberg%2C+J%3BSutton%2C+J%3BJohnson%2C+LE&rft.aulast=Saxton&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fisheries; groundings; seafood; marine pollution; oil spills; oil pollution; hydrocarbons; crude oil; pollution effects; accumulation; aromatic hydrocarbons; bioaccumulation; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; ecological effects; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of toxicity by diet and dietary macronutrient restriction AN - 16858735; 3570299 AB - Restriction of diet and macronutrients has been reported to modulate the toxicity of numerous chemical agents. Of the various forms of restriction studied, using nutritionally adequate diets, food restriction (FR) appears to be most effective, but protein restriction (PR), fat restriction (FtR), carbohydrate restriction (CbR), and excess of dietary fiber (FE) also affect toxicity and the spontaneous diseases that define the background incidence in toxicity tests. The heterogeneity of the dietary macronutrients complicates simple analysis of their effects. Additionally, the interrelationships between these various components in the complex dietary mixture often make experiments difficult to interpret. Despite these complexities, a simple model is presented, which considers the effects of dietary manipulations on the individual steps in the interaction of organism and agent, and puts the varied effects that can occur within an organism into context. Ultimately, many of the effects of dietary modulation on these steps in toxicogenesis can be considered as changing agent exposure and the biologically available dose. The effects of macronutrient restriction are discussed in terms of effects on agent at the interface of organism and toxicant, agent disposition, agent metabolism, and repair of toxicant-induced damage at the level of the genome. After illustrating the influence of these nutritional effects on the chronic bioassay, using mouse liver tumors as an example, the significance of these effects for chronic and short-term testing is discussed. Additionally, methods to address the impact of nutritional factors on toxicity testing are suggested. JF - Mutation Research AU - Turturro, A AU - Duffy, PH AU - Hart, R W AD - Div. Biomet. and Risk Assessment, HFT-020, Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 151 EP - 164 VL - 295 IS - 4-6 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - restriction KW - fats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - models KW - toxicity KW - genomes KW - damage KW - diets KW - carbohydrates KW - proteins KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16858735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+toxicity+by+diet+and+dietary+macronutrient+restriction&rft.au=Turturro%2C+A%3BDuffy%2C+PH%3BHart%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Turturro&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=295&rft.issue=4-6&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - diets; proteins; carbohydrates; toxicity; damage; genomes; models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Campylobacter jejuni in a Washington state shellfish growing bed associated with illness AN - 16850963; 3569205 AB - Consumption of raw Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) harvested from a Washington state recreational shellfish bed were associated with illness. Illness occurred within 2 d of ingestion of a half-dozen shellstock oysters. Each oyster consist of approximately 20 g of meat. The duration of illness lasted 2 d. Routinely, Campylobacter species have been found in several shellfish beds in the Puget Sound Bay. Its presence in the marine environment appears to be incidental and primarily, comes from wild birds, farm runoff, and sewage bypasses. This paper describes the first reported case of Campylobacter gastroenteritis associated with raw oyster consumption in the State of Washington. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Abeyta, C Jr AU - Deeter, F G AU - Kaysner, CA AU - Stott, R F AU - Wekell, M M AD - Seafood Prod. Res. Cent., FDA, Bothell, WA 98041, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 323 EP - 325 VL - 56 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - USA, Washington, Puget Sound KW - food contamination KW - gastroenteritis KW - oyster fisheries KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Marine KW - Campylobacter KW - food poisoning KW - Crassostrea gigas KW - seafood KW - INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound KW - public health KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16850963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Campylobacter+jejuni+in+a+Washington+state+shellfish+growing+bed+associated+with+illness&rft.au=Abeyta%2C+C+Jr%3BDeeter%2C+F+G%3BKaysner%2C+CA%3BStott%2C+R+F%3BWekell%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Abeyta&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - seafood; food poisoning; public health; oyster fisheries; food contamination; gastroenteritis; Crassostrea gigas; Campylobacter; INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Domoic acid-treated cynomolgus monkeys (M. fascicularis): Effects of dose on hippocampal neuronal and terminal degeneration AN - 16846160; 3566211 AB - Domoic acid is a tricarboxylic amino acid (structurally related to kainic acid and glutamic acid) that is found in the environment as a contaminant of some seafood. To determine the nature of any neurological damage caused by domoate, as well as the minimum neurotoxic dose, juvenile and adult monkeys were dosed intravenously with domoate. When animals were perfused one week later, histochemical staining using a silver method to reveal degenerating axons and cell bodies showed two distinct types of hippocampal lesions. One lesion, termed 'Type A', was a small focal area of silver grains restricted to CA2 stratum lucidum, the site of greatest kainic acid receptor concentration in the brain. Type A lesions occurred over a dose range of 0.5 to 2.0 mg/kg in juvenile animals and 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg in adult animals. No mortality occurred in any of the juvenile monkeys, but one juvenile animal that received 4.0 mg/kg sustained a second type of lesion, termed 'Type B', characterized by widespread damage to pyramidal neurons and axon terminals of CA4, CA3, CA2, CA1, and subiculum subfields of the hippocampus. Our results show that relatively low doses of domoic acid selectively effect mossy fiber terminals, that larger (near lethal) doses damage hippocampal pyramidal neurons and their axons, that some moribund monkeys had experienced limbic seizures prior to death, and that adult animals are more sensitive to domoic acid than juveniles. JF - Brain Research AU - Scallet, A C AU - Binienda, Z AU - Caputo, F A AU - Hall, S AU - Paule, M G AU - Rountree, R L AU - Schmued, L AU - Sobotka, T AU - Slikker, W Jr AD - Div. Neurotoxicol., HFT-132 FDA/Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., 3900 NCTR Drive, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 307 EP - 313 VL - 627 IS - 2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - domoic acid KW - effects on KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Macaca fascicularis KW - neurotoxicity KW - hippocampus KW - X 24172:Plants KW - N3 11105:Primates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16846160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research&rft.atitle=Domoic+acid-treated+cynomolgus+monkeys+%28M.+fascicularis%29%3A+Effects+of+dose+on+hippocampal+neuronal+and+terminal+degeneration&rft.au=Scallet%2C+A+C%3BBinienda%2C+Z%3BCaputo%2C+F+A%3BHall%2C+S%3BPaule%2C+M+G%3BRountree%2C+R+L%3BSchmued%2C+L%3BSobotka%2C+T%3BSlikker%2C+W+Jr&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=627&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+Research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macaca fascicularis; neurotoxicity; hippocampus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stress protein synthesis induced by cadmium-cysteine in rat kidney AN - 16838021; 3563513 AB - This study was undertaken in order to evaluate Cd-induced stress protein synthesis in an important tissue known to be injured after chronic exposure, i.e. kidney. Specific objectives included comparing stress protein synthesis in rat kidney and liver after acute exposure to Cd-cys and CdCl sub(2), determining the Cd threshold concentration for renal stress protein synthesis and assessing the relationship between stress protein synthesis and nephropathy. Male rats were exposed to equivalent doses of Cd as CdCl sub(2) or Cd-cysteine (molar ratio Cd:cys = 1:15). Kidney Cd concentrations increased 5-fold after i.v. injection of Cd-cys compared to CdCl sub(2), mimicking Cd distribution following chronic exposure. After exposure to Cd, tissue slices were incubated with super(35)S-methionine. Slices were subsequently homogenized and centrifuged, and the 16 000 g supernatants were subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteins which had incorporated super(35)S-methionine were detected by autoradiography. De novo synthesis of 70, 90 and 110 kDa proteins was enhanced in liver, but not in kidney, 4 h after injection of 2 mg Cd/kg as CdCl sub(2). JF - Toxicology AU - Goering, P L AU - Kish, CL AU - Fisher, B R AD - CDRH/FDA (HFZ-112), 12709 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 25 EP - 36 VL - 85 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - cadmium KW - cysteine KW - rats KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - protein biosynthesis KW - stress KW - kidney KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16838021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Stress+protein+synthesis+induced+by+cadmium-cysteine+in+rat+kidney&rft.au=Goering%2C+P+L%3BKish%2C+CL%3BFisher%2C+B+R&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - stress; protein biosynthesis; kidney ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of acrylamide by immobilized cells of a Pseudomonas sp. and Xanthomonas maltophilia AN - 16837816; 3567205 AB - Two bacterial isolates capable of utilizing acrylamide as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen were isolated from herbicide-contaminated soil samples and identified as Pseudomonas sp. and Xanthomonas maltophilia. Batch cultures of Pseudomonas sp. and X. maltophilia completely degraded 62.8 mM acrylamide to acrylic acid and ammonia in 24 and 48 h, respectively. Pseudomonas sp. and X. maltophilia, when immobilized in calcium alginate, markedly increased the rate of degradation of acrylamide over batch cultures. An inducible, intracellular amidase was responsible for the hydrolysis of acrylamide to acrylic acid and ammonia. The specific activity of Pseudomonas sp. amidase was higher than the specific activity of X. maltophilia amidase. JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology/Revue Canadienne de Microbiologie AU - Nawaz AU - Franklin, W AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 207 EP - 212 VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0008-4166, 0008-4166 KW - acrylamide KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - immobilized cells KW - biodegradation KW - batch culture KW - Pseudomonas KW - Xanthomonas maltophilia KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16837816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+acrylamide+by+immobilized+cells+of+a+Pseudomonas+sp.+and+Xanthomonas+maltophilia&rft.au=Nawaz%3BFranklin%2C+W%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Nawaz&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Canadian+Journal+of+Microbiology%2FRevue+Canadienne+de+Microbiologie&rft.issn=00084166&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immobilized cells; biodegradation; batch culture; Pseudomonas; Xanthomonas maltophilia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of two clean-up methodologies for the gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric determination of low nanogram/gram levels of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in seafood AN - 16833071; 3558806 AB - The March 1989 oil spill in Alaska prompted the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to conduct a thorough investigation of clean-up methodologies aimed at determining low ng/g (ppb) levels of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in seafood. The clean-ups from a modified FDA method and a National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) method were evaluated on the basis of the determination of 18 PAHs at levels ranging from 1 to 5 ppb by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. In the modified FDA method, seafood extracts were purified by a liquid-liquid partition followed by a three-step elution through silica, alumina, and C sub(18) solid-phase extraction cartridges. In the NMFS method, seafood extracts were purified by column chromatography through a deactivated silica gel/alumina column and a gel permeation high performance liquid chromatography column. Both methods quantitated 18 PAHs at levels ranging from 1 to 5 ppb. With the exception of naphthalene, average recoveries based on internal deuterated standards ranged from 73 to 144% for the modified FDA method and 63 to 106% for the NMFS method. JF - Food Additives and Contaminants AU - Nyman, P J AU - Perfetti, G A AU - Joe, FL Jr AU - Diachenko, G W AD - FDA, Div. Prod. Manuf. and Use, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 489 EP - 501 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - clean-up methodology KW - detection KW - determination KW - food contamination KW - methodology KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - gas chromatography KW - oil spills KW - pollution effects KW - Marine KW - seafood KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16833071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+two+clean-up+methodologies+for+the+gas+chromatographic%2Fmass+spectrometric+determination+of+low+nanogram%2Fgram+levels+of+polynuclear+aromatic+hydrocarbons+in+seafood&rft.au=Nyman%2C+P+J%3BPerfetti%2C+G+A%3BJoe%2C+FL+Jr%3BDiachenko%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Nyman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gas chromatography; detection; seafood; oil spills; pollution effects; aromatic hydrocarbons; methodology; food contamination; determination; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The rpsL gene and streptomycin resistance in single and multiple drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis AN - 16829076; 3551443 AB - The recent emergence of indolent and rapidly fatal drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has renewed interest in defining the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in the tubercle bacilli. In this report, we have examined the mechanism of resistance to streptomycin (Sm) in M. tuberculosis through the cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the gene encoding the ribosomal S12 protein (rpsL gene) from streptomycin-resistant strains and their streptomycin-sensitive parental strains. We have demonstrated that five singly Sm super(R) M. tuberculosis strains and an Sm super(R) isolate that has reduced sensitivity to multiple antibiotics have identical point mutations at codon 43 of the rpsL gene. Mutations at this same site confer Sm super(R) in Escherichia coli. In contrast, two other multiple drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains that are resistant to Sm have rpsL genes that have the same nucleotide sequence as their drug-sensitive parent strains, suggesting that different resistance mechanisms are involved in these strains. JF - Molecular Microbiology AU - Nair, J AU - Rouse, DA AU - Bai, G-H AU - Morris, S L AD - Lab. Mycobacter., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., U.S. FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 521 EP - 527 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 0950-382X, 0950-382X KW - streptomycin KW - rpsL gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - nucleotide sequence KW - cloning KW - genes KW - drug resistance KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02814:Drug resistance KW - G 07321:GENERAL KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16829076?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+rpsL+gene+and+streptomycin+resistance+in+single+and+multiple+drug-resistant+strains+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis&rft.au=Nair%2C+J%3BRouse%2C+DA%3BBai%2C+G-H%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.issn=0950382X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; drug resistance; genes; nucleotide sequence; cloning ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory considerations for evaluating the pharmacology and toxicology of antisense drugs AN - 16826340; 3773417 AB - This article focuses on pharmacology and toxicology data that should be included in an Investigational New Drug Application (IND), a request to use an investigational drug in clinical trials. In general, pharmacology and toxicology testing programs for antisense compounds are held to the same regulatory standards applied to other new therapeutic classes. Biological properties of oligonucleotide therapeutics are mentioned where they may pertain to clinical safety issues. Nonclinical data submitted to the IND should characterize the pharmacology, disposition, and toxicology of a new drug; these data form the basis for clinical risk assessment. Concomitant evaluation of pharmacokinetics allows for better interpretation of in vivo studies and increased accuracy of dose extrapolation to humans. Recommendations for nonclinical drug development will be modified as new information regarding the biological properties of oligonucleotides becomes available. JF - ANTISENSE RES. DEV. AU - Black, LE AU - Degeorge, J J AU - Cavagnaro, JA AU - Jordan, A AU - Ahn, Chang-Ho AD - FDA, HFD-150 Cent. Drug Eval. and Res. Div. Oncol., 1401 Rockville Pike, Suite 200N Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 399 EP - 404 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1050-5261, 1050-5261 KW - oligonucleotides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - government policy KW - antisense KW - reviews KW - drugs KW - toxicology KW - pharmacology KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33380:Antisense UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16826340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ANTISENSE+RES.+DEV.&rft.atitle=Regulatory+considerations+for+evaluating+the+pharmacology+and+toxicology+of+antisense+drugs&rft.au=Black%2C+LE%3BDegeorge%2C+J+J%3BCavagnaro%2C+JA%3BJordan%2C+A%3BAhn%2C+Chang-Ho&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ANTISENSE+RES.+DEV.&rft.issn=10505261&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - government policy; antisense; reviews; drugs; toxicology; pharmacology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fatal and nonfatal hepatotoxicity associated with flutamide AN - 16821397; 3555312 AB - To identify and describe patients with hepatotoxicity possibly caused by flutamide, an antiandrogen drug. From the time of marketing of flutamide in Feb 1989 through Mar 1991, the Food and Drug Administration received reports of 19 patients in the United States who developed serious hepatotoxicity while using flutamide. Fourteen patients had resolution of abnormal liver function test results after discontinuing or decreasing the dose of flutamide, but five patients died of progressive liver disease. Autopsy reports from three patients and abnormal pathologic results from three other patients showed hepatocellular necrosis and possibly cholestasis. Thorough work-ups excluded other possible causes than flutamide. Flutamide appears to cause hepatotoxic effects in certain patients. Physicians should tell patients to immediately report to physicians nausea, vomiting, fatigue, jaundice, and other signs and symptoms of liver injury. JF - Annals of Internal Medicine AU - Wysowski, D K AU - Freiman, J P AU - Tourtelot, J B AU - Horton, ML III AD - FDA, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 860 EP - 864 VL - 118 IS - 11 SN - 0003-4819, 0003-4819 KW - flutamide KW - man KW - antineoplastic drugs KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - side effects KW - mortality KW - liver KW - H SE4.28:PHARMACEUTICALS KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16821397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.atitle=Fatal+and+nonfatal+hepatotoxicity+associated+with+flutamide&rft.au=Wysowski%2C+D+K%3BFreiman%2C+J+P%3BTourtelot%2C+J+B%3BHorton%2C+ML+III&rft.aulast=Wysowski&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=860&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Internal+Medicine&rft.issn=00034819&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - side effects; liver; mortality; man; antineoplastic drugs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of glucose, growth temperature, and pH on listeriolysin O production in Listeria monocytogenes AN - 16812814; 3550855 AB - Expression of listeriolysin O of Listeria monocytogenes as a function of different growth conditions was studied by performing a direct hemolysin assay, immunoblotting experiments, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of listeriolysin O was reduced at a lower growth temperatures (26 degree C) and at higher glucose concentrations ( greater than or equal to 0.3%) in the growth media. The effect of glucose appeared to be due to a change in the pH of the growth media. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Datta, A R AU - Kothary, M H AD - Div. Microbiol., FDA, Washington, D.C. 20204, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 3495 EP - 3497 VL - 59 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - glucose KW - temperature KW - listeriolysin O KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - media (culture) KW - hemolysins KW - production KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - pH KW - J 02781:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16812814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+glucose%2C+growth+temperature%2C+and+pH+on+listeriolysin+O+production+in+Listeria+monocytogenes&rft.au=Datta%2C+A+R%3BKothary%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=3495&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; pH; hemolysins; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; media (culture); production ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Absorption of methylmercury from hair ingested by rats AN - 16808165; 3548991 AB - Hair taken from rats dosed with super(203)Hg-labeled methylmercury was fed to previously untreated rats in order to determine if the organomercurial was available for release from the hair matrix within the gut lumen and for subsequent systemic absorption. Cumulative fecal excretion data were consistent with an absorption of about 80% of the ingested methylmercury. The relative amounts of methylmercury and of its metabolite, inorganic mercury, in the feces indicated that the percentage of the parent compound released from hair within the intestine equaled or exceeded the estimated bioavailability. Radioactivity in tissues of animals killed 42 hr following hair consumption confirmed that mercury absorption had occurred. JF - Life Sciences AU - Farris, F F AU - Dedrick, R L AD - Div. Clin. Pharmacol., FDA, 4 Research Court, Rm. 314, Rockville, MD 20850, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1023 EP - 1029 VL - 53 IS - 12 SN - 0024-3205, 0024-3205 KW - dimethylmercury KW - rats KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - absorption KW - hair KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16808165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life+Sciences&rft.atitle=Absorption+of+methylmercury+from+hair+ingested+by+rats&rft.au=Farris%2C+F+F%3BDedrick%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Farris&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1023&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Life+Sciences&rft.issn=00243205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - absorption; hair ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Environmental assessment of avermectins by the US Food and Drug Administration AN - 16801462; 3549801 AB - The Center of Veterinary Medicine (CVM) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is requiired under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) to include in its decision making, an objective consideration of the potential environmental impacts associated with each contemplated actions. As part of the application process for new animal drugs, detailed data must be submitted in order to develop a prediction of the environmental fate and effects of the drug and/or its active metabolites. Ivermectin (22,23-dihydroavermectin B sub(1)) is a highly active antiparasitic animal drug utilized in a variety of injectable, oral and topical formulations. Residues of this drug may reach the environment through manufacturing and animal wastes and may potentially have effects on terrestrial and aquatic organisms. A comprehensive data base has been submitted to the FDA in support of the environmental assessments for ivermectin drug products. Detailed information has been submitted on the physical and chemical properties, introduction, fate and effects of the ivermectins in the environment. JF - Veterinary Parasitology. 1993. AU - Bloom, R A AU - Matheson, JC III AU - Herd, R AU - Wardhaugh, K Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 KW - avermectin KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - ecosystems KW - nontarget organisms KW - X 24111:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16801462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Bloom%2C+R+A%3BMatheson%2C+JC+III%3BHerd%2C+R%3BWardhaugh%2C+K&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Environmental+assessment+of+avermectins+by+the+US+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.title=Environmental+assessment+of+avermectins+by+the+US+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.issn=03044017&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - In vitro effects of folate derivatives on valproate-induced neural tube effects in mouse and rat embryos AN - 16800291; 3542671 AB - The anticonvulsant drug valproic acid (VPA), produces neural tube defects in mouse and rat embryos treated in vivo or in vitro. The mechanism for the drug's embryotoxic effect is unknown, but 5-formyltetrahydrofolate has been reported to decrease the incidence of VPA-induced neural tube defects in mice treated in vivo. In the present study we have examined the ability of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, tetrahydrofolate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid to protect against VPA-induced neural tube defects in CD-1 mouse or CD rat embryos grown in a whole embryo culture system. Mouse embryos with 2-5 somite pairs were cultured for 48 hr beginning on gestation day 8; presomite stage rat embryos were cultured beginning on gestation day 9 (for both species gestation day 0 was taken as the day a vaginal sperm plug was found). VPA at 1.2 mM (rats) or 1.8 mM (mice) produced a high incidence of open neural tubes. None of the folate derivatives in concentrations up to 100 mu g/ml was able to decrease the incidence of VPA-induced defects in either species. JF - Toxicology In Vitro [TOXICOL. IN VITRO]. Vol. 7, no. 6. 1993. AU - Hansen, D K Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 KW - valproic acid KW - folic acid KW - rats KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - neural tube defects KW - embryos KW - in vitro KW - derivatives KW - X 24115:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16800291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Hansen%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=In+vitro+effects+of+folate+derivatives+on+valproate-induced+neural+tube+effects+in+mouse+and+rat+embryos&rft.title=In+vitro+effects+of+folate+derivatives+on+valproate-induced+neural+tube+effects+in+mouse+and+rat+embryos&rft.issn=08872333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Microbiological Significance of Drug Residues in Food AN - 16797401; 3548851 JF - Veterinary and Human Toxicology. 1993. AU - Teske, R H Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - residues KW - drugs KW - food KW - drug resistance KW - conferences KW - A 01120:Proceedings KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - X 24270:Proceedings UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16797401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Teske%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Teske&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Microbiological+Significance+of+Drug+Residues+in+Food&rft.title=Microbiological+Significance+of+Drug+Residues+in+Food&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of a handle flange for reducing manual effort during hand tool use AN - 16796200; 3544019 AB - Forceful manual exertion is a risk factor for upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. Mechanical considerations and previous research suggest this risk can be reduced by redesigning tools to decrease manual effort. This study sought to determine whether adding a flange to handles would reduce grip force requirements by providing an additional source of coupling between the hand and handle. In the first of two experiments, participants grasped and lifted handles with and without a flange at the top lip of the handle. In the second experiment, participants grasped and pulled handles with and without a flange at the bottom edge of the handle. Each task was performed at three levels of weight or resistance. Grip force was measured using a strain gage mounted inside the handles. Electrical activity (EMG) of select forearm muscles was also monitored using surface electrodes. The main finding was that adding a flange to the handle did not significantly reduce the grip force required to perform either task. However, grip force significantly increased with increased weight or pull resistance. The study indicates that reducing tool weight should be a primary objective for reducing the risk of fatigue and injury during hand tool use. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Grant, KA AU - Habes, DJ AD - U.S. Dep. Health and Hum. Serv., Cent. Dis. Control and Prev., NIOSH, Div. Biomed. and Behav. Sci., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 199 EP - 207 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - hand tools KW - musculoskeletal system KW - electromyography KW - weight KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - occupational safety KW - equipment KW - ergonomics KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H SI0.7:HUMAN FACTORS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16796200?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+a+handle+flange+for+reducing+manual+effort+during+hand+tool+use&rft.au=Grant%2C+KA%3BHabes%2C+DJ&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational safety; ergonomics; equipment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A novel, sensitive radioimmunoprecipitation assay for the detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus-type 2 AN - 16788302; 3542868 AB - A radioimmunoprecipitation assay that provides an alternative to the Western blot assay was developed for characterizing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type-2 (HIV-2). The assay is based on radioiodination of antigen using Bolton-Hunter reagent. The antigen consists of a soluble preparation of the NIH-Z (HIV-2) strain of 1000X purified virus spiked with purified recombinant HIV-2 gp105. Radiolabeled proteins were immunoprecipitated by immune human sera, even at the early stages of seroconversion. This new assay provides a simple method for characterizing and titrating antibodies against HIV-2. The method is more sensitive, and is more efficient than Western blotting. The labeled viral proteins are well suited for biochemical studies. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Selvam, M P AU - Mayner, R E AU - Buck, S M AU - Epstein, J S AD - DTTD/HFM-321, CBER/FDA, 1401, Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1 EP - 10 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - antibodies KW - radioactive labelling KW - human immunodeficiency virus 2 KW - diagnostic agents KW - immunoprecipitation KW - proteins KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16788302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=A+novel%2C+sensitive+radioimmunoprecipitation+assay+for+the+detection+of+antibodies+to+human+immunodeficiency+virus-type+2&rft.au=Selvam%2C+M+P%3BMayner%2C+R+E%3BBuck%2C+S+M%3BEpstein%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Selvam&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - human immunodeficiency virus 2; diagnostic agents; immunoprecipitation; radioactive labelling; proteins; antibodies ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of the T cell delayed-type hypersensitivity epitopes of the 19-kD antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Myco. intracellulare using overlapping synthetic peptides AN - 16787111; 3537348 AB - Mycobacterial disease remains a serious international public health concern. Improved methods to rapidly and specifically detect mycobacterial infections would greatly enhance clinical management of these diseases. To define species-specific T cell epitopes that may be useful for the immunodiagnosis of mycobacterial infections, polymerized synthetic peptides from the 19-kD Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Myco. intracellulare protein homologues were tested in guinea pig DTH assays. Five Myco. tuberculosis and eight Myco. intracellulare peptides evoked skin test responses. Although all of the active Myco. tuberculosis and seven of the Myco. intracellulare peptides elicited non-specific DTH reactions, the peptide IN13 induced a Myco. intracellulare-specific skin test reaction, and thus represents a specific Myco. intracellulare T cell DTH epitope. This result suggests that the development of monospecific peptide-based immunodiagnostic reagents may be feasible for future clinical use. JF - Clinical and Experimental Immunology AU - Mackall, J C AU - Bai, G H AU - Rouse, DA AU - Armoa, GRG AU - Chuidian, F AU - Nair, J AU - Morris, S L AD - Lab. Mycobacter., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., U.S. FDA, Build. 29, Rm. 420, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 172 EP - 177 VL - 93 IS - 2 SN - 0009-9104, 0009-9104 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - hypersensitivity (delayed) KW - Mycobacterium intracellulare KW - lymphocytes T KW - peptides KW - man KW - antigens KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16787111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Experimental+Immunology&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+the+T+cell+delayed-type+hypersensitivity+epitopes+of+the+19-kD+antigens+from+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+and+Myco.+intracellulare+using+overlapping+synthetic+peptides&rft.au=Mackall%2C+J+C%3BBai%2C+G+H%3BRouse%2C+DA%3BArmoa%2C+GRG%3BChuidian%2C+F%3BNair%2C+J%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Mackall&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Experimental+Immunology&rft.issn=00099104&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium intracellulare; lymphocytes T; hypersensitivity (delayed); antigens; peptides; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative aspects of the mutant analysis by PCR and restriction enzyme cleavage (MAPREC) AN - 16774176; 3535095 AB - Quantitation of virus revertants by PCR and restriction enzyme cleavage may give nonlinear results and, in some cases, produce artifacts caused by nucleotide misincorporation and heteroduplex formation, occurring during PCR. Modifications of the procedure allowed us to overcome these problems and develop a highly sensitive and reliable method of mutant quantitation. This procedure can be used to assess the quality of live vaccines and to study heterogeneity of viral and bacterial population. JF - PCR Methods and Applications AU - Lu, Zhengbin AU - Douthitt, M P AU - Taffs, R E AU - Ran, Yuxin AU - Norwood, L P AU - Chumakov, K M AD - Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 176 EP - 180 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1054-9803, 1054-9803 KW - MAPREC KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - quantitation KW - revertants KW - methodology KW - restriction endonuclease mapping KW - bacteria KW - viruses KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - V 22023:Virus behavior in cell culture KW - G 07313:Viruses KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16774176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PCR+Methods+and+Applications&rft.atitle=Quantitative+aspects+of+the+mutant+analysis+by+PCR+and+restriction+enzyme+cleavage+%28MAPREC%29&rft.au=Lu%2C+Zhengbin%3BDouthitt%2C+M+P%3BTaffs%2C+R+E%3BRan%2C+Yuxin%3BNorwood%2C+L+P%3BChumakov%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Zhengbin&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=176&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=PCR+Methods+and+Applications&rft.issn=10549803&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - viruses; revertants; restriction endonuclease mapping; polymerase chain reaction; quantitation; methodology; vaccines; bacteria ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid methods for the detection of Salmonella in foods AN - 16772343; 3533392 AB - Diagnostic methods for foodborne bacterial pathogens have changed dramatically in the past decade. Many systems previously used to analyze clinical specimens have been adapted for food analysis, and recent advances in biotechnology have introduced new technologies that can be applied to pathogen detections. Changes in Salmonella diagnostics are most evident because of the importance and worldwide prevalence of this food-borne pathogen. These new or modified methods for identifying Salmonella often use novel technologies and assay formats in combination with existing methodologies. In general, they may be classified into five types: new media formulations or modifications, miniaturized biochemical tests, nucleic acid-based assays, antibody-based assays, and automated or instrument systems. Most of these systems provide simpler and more rapid presumptive identification of Salmonella in foods. However, accuracy is often affected by the complexity and type of food analyzed. In this review, selected assays from each technology group are presented and some advantages and limitations of these novel systems are discussed. JF - Journal of Food and Drug Analysis AU - Feng, P AD - Div. Microbiol. Stud., Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutrition, FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 119 EP - 131 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1021-9498, 1021-9498 KW - diagnosis KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - biochemistry KW - pathogens KW - food contamination KW - bacteria KW - Salmonella KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16772343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+and+Drug+Analysis&rft.atitle=Rapid+methods+for+the+detection+of+Salmonella+in+foods&rft.au=Feng%2C+P&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+and+Drug+Analysis&rft.issn=10219498&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; food contamination; pathogens; bacteria; biochemistry; diagnosis ER - TY - CONF T1 - Method development for drugs and other chemicals in aquaculture products. The role of tissue distribution and metabolism studies AN - 16753366; 3522426 AB - The Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory (GCSL), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is located in Dauphin Island, AL. The primary mission of this laboratory is to conduct research on the safety and wholesomeness of fishery products from wild and aquaculture sources. Research areas include investigations of the microbiological safety of seafood, marine biotoxins, chemical indicators of seafood decomposition, and chemical (e.g., drug) residues in aquaculture products. This presentation will review research activities and regulatory concerns regarding drug residues and their determination in aquaculture products. Research on drug residues at GCSL has three major objectives: (1) to establish the tissue distribution and persistence of residues in aquatic food animals, (2) to establish the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of these compounds, and (3) to provide analytical methodology for residue identification and determination. Most of the aquaculture drug research at GCSL has focused on the channel catfish, a species that represents the largest aquaculture product in the United States. Method development is critical not only for the approval of aquaculture drugs and chemicals, but also to ensure the food safety of aquaculture products. Knowledge of the tissue distribution and metabolism is critical in determining the target analyte and target tissue for method development. Tissue residue studies are also valuable for determining drug withdrawal times, evaluating the potential for product contamination, and generating incurred residues at desired levels for method validation. JF - UNIV. ALABAMA COOP. EXT. SERV., AUBURN, AL (USA). pp. 30-47. 1993. AU - Plakas, S M Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 30 EP - 47 PB - UNIV. ALABAMA COOP. EXT. SERV., AUBURN, AL (USA) KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - microbial contamination KW - fishery products KW - drugs KW - metabolism KW - Brackish KW - bioassays KW - Freshwater KW - pathogens KW - aquaculture products KW - chromatographic techniques KW - chemical pollutants KW - USA KW - health and safety KW - seafood KW - fish inspection regulations KW - quality control KW - human food KW - public health KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16753366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Method+development+for+drugs+and+other+chemicals+in+aquaculture+products.+The+role+of+tissue+distribution+and+metabolism+studies&rft.au=Plakas%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Fisheries, aquaculture and drugs/chemicals: A perspective from the Center for Veterinary Medicine AN - 16753072; 3522230 AB - The authors addresses the enforcement side of FDA's regulation of animal drugs, particularly FDA's interaction with aquaculture industry groups. JF - UNIV. ALABAMA COOP. EXT. SERV., AUBURN, AL (USA). pp. 15-23. 1993. AU - Stefan, GE Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 15 EP - 23 PB - UNIV. ALABAMA COOP. EXT. SERV., AUBURN, AL (USA) KW - Food and Drug Admin. KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - fishery products KW - drugs KW - Brackish KW - bioassays KW - Freshwater KW - bioaccumulation KW - aquaculture products KW - USA KW - health and safety KW - fish inspection regulations KW - quality control KW - human food KW - pesticides KW - public health KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16753072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Fisheries%2C+aquaculture+and+drugs%2Fchemicals%3A+A+perspective+from+the+Center+for+Veterinary+Medicine&rft.au=Stefan%2C+GE&rft.aulast=Stefan&rft.aufirst=GE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A method for determination of methyl tert-butyl ether in gasoline vapors and liquid gasoline samples AN - 16743875; 3523239 AB - This article describes the development of a method for determining the presence of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), in a matrix of gasoline vapors and in liquid gasoline samples, with the simultaneous analysis of benzene, toluene, xylenes, and total hydrocarbons. An assessment of the method's performance based on field use is also included. The method recommends collection of air samples for MTBE on 400- and 200-mg coconut-shell charcoal tubes in series, desorption in carbon disulfide, split-vent injection, analysis by gas chromatography (GC) using a capillary column, and detection by flame ionization detector. The analysis of liquid gasoline samples is accomplished by direct GC injection. The estimated limit of detection for air samples is 20 mu g MTBE per sample, and 0.002 percent MTBE for liquid gasoline samples. The method was field tested at different service stations in Los Angeles, California, Phoenix, Arizona, and Cincinnati, Ohio, where 121 personal (breathing zone) air samples were collected on charcoal tubes, and 75 liquid gasoline samples were collected and analyzed for MTBE and other gasoline hydrocarbons. The method worked well for all of these samples. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Palassis, J AU - Hartle, R W AU - Holtz, J L AD - Div. Phys. Sci. and Eng., NIOSH, Cent. Dis. Control and Prev., Public Health Serv., Dep. Health and Human Serv., 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 964 EP - 969 VL - 8 IS - 11 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - MTBE KW - vapor KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - gas chromatography KW - air sampling KW - gasoline KW - emission control KW - hydrocarbons KW - sampling methods KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H ST2.26:EMISSIONS AND EMISSION CONTROL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16743875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=A+method+for+determination+of+methyl+tert-butyl+ether+in+gasoline+vapors+and+liquid+gasoline+samples&rft.au=Palassis%2C+J%3BHartle%2C+R+W%3BHoltz%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Palassis&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=964&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gasoline; air sampling; hydrocarbons; gas chromatography; sampling methods; emission control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Localization of the azoreductase of Clostridium perfringens by immuno-electron microscopy AN - 16743152; 3516714 AB - An antibody against Clostridium perfringens azoreductase was used with protein A (gold-labeled) to locate the site of synthesis of extracellular azoreductase in this bacterium. Electron microscopy of immunogold-stained thin sections of Clostridium perfringens cells showed an average of 134 gold particles per cell, distributed throughout the cytoplasm and not associated with any organized structures. JF - Current Microbiology AU - Rafii, F AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Div. Microbiol., Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 143 EP - 145 VL - 27 IS - 3 SN - 0343-8651, 0343-8651 KW - azoreductase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - localization KW - immunoelectron microscopy KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - cytoplasm KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16743152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Localization+of+the+azoreductase+of+Clostridium+perfringens+by+immuno-electron+microscopy&rft.au=Rafii%2C+F%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Rafii&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Microbiology&rft.issn=03438651&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium perfringens; localization; immunoelectron microscopy; cytoplasm ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Meta-analysis: Its role in new drug applications and AIDS drug studies AN - 16742737; 3520420 JF - Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs AU - Dubey, S D AD - FDA Cent. Drug Eval. and Res., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 13 EP - 33 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1060-1333, 1060-1333 KW - meta-analysis KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - side effects KW - drugs KW - safety regulations KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16742737?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Research+and+Regulatory+Affairs&rft.atitle=Meta-analysis%3A+Its+role+in+new+drug+applications+and+AIDS+drug+studies&rft.au=Dubey%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Dubey&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Research+and+Regulatory+Affairs&rft.issn=10601333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drugs; side effects; safety regulations ER - TY - CONF T1 - FDA SE Region fish and seafood compliance. Overview -- FY'91 AN - 16742273; 3522417 AB - FDA's SE Region covers 8 southern states plus Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. The author presents an overview of the seafood activities within the SE Region. Most of the statistical data is based on data compiled from seafood efforts in Fiscal Year 1991. According to FY'91 data there were approximately 5,516 active seafood establishments identified nation wide. The SE Region's inventory of active seafood firms at that time was 1,643 or ) 32% or the national total. JF - UNIV. ALABAMA COOP. EXT. SERV., AUBURN, AL (USA). 1993. AU - Becker, RW Jr Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 PB - UNIV. ALABAMA COOP. EXT. SERV., AUBURN, AL (USA) KW - Lesser Autilles, US Virgin I. KW - Puerto Rico KW - aquaculture products KW - data collections KW - fish inspection regulations KW - human food KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Aquaculture Abstracts KW - Marine KW - fishery products KW - legislation KW - Brackish KW - bioassays KW - Freshwater KW - USA KW - seafood KW - quality control KW - public health KW - O 5040:Processing, Products and Marketing KW - Q3 08581:Aquaculture: General KW - Q1 08581:General KW - Q3 08582:Fish culture KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08582:Fish culture KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16742273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=FDA+SE+Region+fish+and+seafood+compliance.+Overview+--+FY%2791&rft.au=Becker%2C+RW+Jr&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=RW&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HPLC and FAB mass spectrometry analysis of fumonisins B sub(1) and B sub(2) produced by Fusarium moniliforme on food substrates AN - 16741868; 3520998 AB - Flasks containing moistened, autoclaved corn, unmilled rice, peanuts, soybeans, and laboratory rodent feed were inoculated with Fusarium moniliforme NRRL 13616 and incubated in the dark at 25 degree C. After 24 days, the cultures were extracted with acetonitrile and water. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of the extracts, after they had been derivatized with fluorescamine, showed high concentrations of fumonisins B sub(1) and B sub(2) (10 242 and 3068 mu g/g, respectively) in the corn cultures and moderately high concentrations (206 and 100 mu g/g, respectively) in the unmilled rice cultures. HPLC also detected fumonisins B sub(1) and B sub(2) (34 and 50 mu g/g, respectively) in the rodent feed cultures. Only trace levels (5 mu g/g or less) of fumonisin B sub(1) were detected in the peanut and soybean cultures. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS) confirmed the presence of fumonisins B sub(1) and B sub(2) in the corn, unmilled rice, and rodent feed cultures. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Holcomb, M AU - Sutherland, J B AU - Chiarelli, M P AU - Korfmacher, WA AU - Thompson, HC Jr AU - Lay, JO Jr AU - Hankins, L J AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 357 EP - 360 VL - 41 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - fumonisins KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - quantitation KW - mass spectroscopy KW - high-performance liquid chromatography KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16741868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=HPLC+and+FAB+mass+spectrometry+analysis+of+fumonisins+B+sub%281%29+and+B+sub%282%29+produced+by+Fusarium+moniliforme+on+food+substrates&rft.au=Holcomb%2C+M%3BSutherland%2C+J+B%3BChiarelli%2C+M+P%3BKorfmacher%2C+WA%3BThompson%2C+HC+Jr%3BLay%2C+JO+Jr%3BHankins%2C+L+J%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Holcomb&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; mycotoxins; quantitation; high-performance liquid chromatography; mass spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of fumonisin B sub(1) in rodent feed by gradient elution HPLC using precolumn derivatization with FMOC and fluorescence detection AN - 16740235; 3521081 AB - A new, sensitive, and stable method has been developed for the analysis of fumonisin B sub(1) in rodent feed. Fumonisin B sub(1), which is the major fumonisin metabolite produced by the fungus Fusarium moniliforme, has been implicated in human and animal diseases. Fumonisin B sub(1) was extracted from spiked rodent feed with acetonitrile/water (50/50) and then cleaned up with tandem C sub(18) Sep-Pak Vac and strong anion-exchange (SAX) columns. Fumonisin B sub(1) was eluted off the SAX column with 1% acetic acid in methanol and quantitated via gradient elution HPLC using precolumn derivatization with FMOC and fluorescence detection. The minimum detectable amount in the rodent feed was 0.2 ppm. Recovery values in spiked rodent feed averaged 83% over the range 2-20 ppm. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Holcomb, M AU - Thompson, HC Jr AU - Hankins, L J AD - DHHS, Public Health Serv., FDA, Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., Off. Res., Div. Chem., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 764 EP - 767 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - Fusarium moniliforme KW - feeds KW - detection KW - methodology KW - mycotoxins KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16740235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+fumonisin+B+sub%281%29+in+rodent+feed+by+gradient+elution+HPLC+using+precolumn+derivatization+with+FMOC+and+fluorescence+detection&rft.au=Holcomb%2C+M%3BThompson%2C+HC+Jr%3BHankins%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Holcomb&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=764&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fusarium moniliforme; mycotoxins; detection; methodology; feeds ER - TY - CONF T1 - Scoring for eye irritation tests AN - 16735759; 3512084 AB - Scoring of the rabbit eye test and the resulting evaluation and classification should provide useful information about the likelihood that a test material may cause injury on contact with the human eye. When an animal test is necessary, a rabbit eye test based on the following characteristics is proposed for deriving the maximum information from the fewest animals. The ocular effects of interest should include corneal opacity, iritis and conjunctival redness. Animals should be scored for each ocular effect at 24, 48 and 72 hr after the test substance is administered. If an animal is negative at all three scoring times, it can be removed from the test at 72 hr. If it shows a positive effect at a scoring time but the lesion clears at 72 hr, it can be removed at 72 hr. If it shows a positive effect that does not clear at 72 hr, it should be scored again on day 7 when the test ends. However, if an animal shows severe effects at one or more scoring times, it can be removed from the test at 72 hr. An animal is positive if any one of the following criteria is observed at 24, 48 or 72 hr: corneal opacity of 1 or above, iritis of 1 or above, or conjunctival redness of 2 or above. Severe ocular effects (noted at 24, 48 or 72 hr) that may endanger sight deserve special recognition for the classification of chemicals and include corneal opacity of 3 or above, or iritis of 2. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Chambers, WA AU - Green, S AU - Gupta, K C AU - Hill, R N AU - Huntley, K AU - Hurley, P M AU - Lambert, LA AU - Lee, C C AU - Lee, J K Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 111 EP - 115 VL - 31 IS - 2 KW - scoring KW - rabbits KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - irritation KW - evaluation KW - eye KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16735759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Scoring+for+eye+irritation+tests&rft.au=Chambers%2C+WA%3BGreen%2C+S%3BGupta%2C+K+C%3BHill%2C+R+N%3BHuntley%2C+K%3BHurley%2C+P+M%3BLambert%2C+LA%3BLee%2C+C+C%3BLee%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Chambers&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - The use of low-volume dosing in the eye irritation test AN - 16735730; 3512082 AB - The Draize rabbit eye test was developed to provide a method for assessing the irritation potential of materials that might come in contact with human eyes. The method involves the instillation of 0.1 ml of a test liquid (100 mg solid) into the conjunctival sac of an animal's eye. A refinement of the Draize test is the low-volume eye test in which 0.01 ml of a substance is placed directly on the cornea of the eye. Studies indicate that the low-volume method provides a better correlation to human eye irritation experience for some substances. The Interagency Regulatory Alternatives Group (IRAG) proposes that the low-volume eye test can be used to substantiate the irritancy of suspect severe ocular irritants that have not been eliminated by various pre-eye test 'screens'. A substance testing positive by the low-volume method can be classified as an irritant; one that tests negative will require further testing by the use of the 0.1-ml volume procedure. For all other definitive testing, the Draize test (0.1 ml) should be used. Results from a questionnaire distributed at the IRAG workshop showed that many workshop participants thought that the low-volume test should be used as an eye irritation screening procedure. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Lambert, LA AU - Chambers, WA AU - Green, S AU - Gupta, K C AU - Hill, R N AU - Hurley, P M AU - Lee, C C AU - Lee, J K AU - Liu, P T Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 99 EP - 103 VL - 31 IS - 2 KW - Draize test KW - rabbits KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - irritation KW - low-dose KW - eye KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16735730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+use+of+low-volume+dosing+in+the+eye+irritation+test&rft.au=Lambert%2C+LA%3BChambers%2C+WA%3BGreen%2C+S%3BGupta%2C+K+C%3BHill%2C+R+N%3BHurley%2C+P+M%3BLee%2C+C+C%3BLee%2C+J+K%3BLiu%2C+P+T&rft.aulast=Lambert&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Number of animals for sequential testing AN - 16734861; 3512083 AB - US regulatory agencies have used six animals in eye irritation tests. Analyses of eye irritation tests on pesticides, consumer products and cosmetics, Marzulli and Ruggles database, and cleaning products and ingredients have greatly extended previous investigations of the merit of reducing animal sample size in the eye test. Given the existing scoring system for positive animal responses (corneal opacity greater than or equal to 1, iritis greater than or equal to 1, conjunctival redness greater than or equal to 2 and conjunctival chemosis greater than or equal to 2), the accuracy of the classification systems currently used by these agencies was determined. The US Consumer Product Safety Commission, US Food and Drug Administration, and US Occupational Safety and Health Administration use a classification system by which a substance is designated as an irritant when at least four of six animals give a positive response. This decision rule leads to a very high accuracy of at least 99% with essentially no false positive and false negative judgments. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Springer, JA AU - Chambers, WA AU - Green, S AU - Gupta, K C AU - Hill, R N AU - Hurley, P M AU - Lambert, LA AU - Lee, C C AU - Lee, J K Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 105 EP - 109 VL - 31 IS - 2 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - animals KW - irritation KW - number KW - eye KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16734861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Number+of+animals+for+sequential+testing&rft.au=Springer%2C+JA%3BChambers%2C+WA%3BGreen%2C+S%3BGupta%2C+K+C%3BHill%2C+R+N%3BHurley%2C+P+M%3BLambert%2C+LA%3BLee%2C+C+C%3BLee%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Springer&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virus inactivation by copper or iron ions alone and in the presence of peroxide AN - 16732680; 3517686 AB - Cupric and ferric ions were able to inactivate five enveloped or nonenveloped, single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA viruses. The virucidal effect of these metals was enhanced by the addition of peroxide, particularly for copper(II). Under the conditions of our test, mixtures of copper(II) ions and peroxide were more efficient than glutaraldehyde in inactivating Phi X174, T7, Phi 6, Junin, and herpes simplex viruses. The substances described here should be able to inactivate most, if not all, viruses that have been found contaminating medical devices. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Sagripanti, J-L AU - Routson, L B AU - Lytle, C D AD - Div. Life Sci., Cent. Devices and Radiol. Health, FDA, 12709 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4374 EP - 4376 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - copper KW - iron KW - peroxide KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - inactivation KW - antiviral agents KW - metals KW - viruses KW - inactivators KW - A 01069:Antimicrobial & microbiocidal KW - V 22100:Antiviral agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16732680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Virus+inactivation+by+copper+or+iron+ions+alone+and+in+the+presence+of+peroxide&rft.au=Sagripanti%2C+J-L%3BRoutson%2C+L+B%3BLytle%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Sagripanti&rft.aufirst=J-L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4374&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - viruses; inactivation; inactivators; antiviral agents; metals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of glove bag containment and asbestos abatement clearance: Methodologies for asbestos removal AN - 16729807; 3516416 AB - In a study of the effectiveness of glove bags to control asbestos exposures to workers and contamination of the environment, a four-man crew removed asbestos in eight rooms in four schools. The workers had little prior experience using glove bags and received on-the-job training in proper techniques during the early stages of the study. Exposure concentrations at these four schools indicate that glove bags, as used during this study, did not completely contain the asbestos being removed. Workers were exposed to airborne asbestos above the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limit and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration permissible exposure limit. Asbestos concentrations determined by aggressive sampling and TEM analysis indicated a higher level of contamination after removal than before in five of the eight rooms evaluated. Although worker training and experience are important components in performing proper abatement, this study of glove bags did not provide a basis to specify conditions under which adequate containment can be ensured. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Froehlich, P A AU - Hollett, BA AD - U.S. Dep. Health and Human Serv., Public Health Serv., Cent. Dis. Control and Prev., NIOSH, Div. Phys. Sci. and Eng., 4676 Columbia Parkway, R5, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 937 EP - 944 VL - 8 IS - 11 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - glove bags KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - asbestos KW - cleaning process KW - occupational exposure KW - fibers KW - protective clothing KW - environmental monitoring KW - contamination KW - H SI0.8.7:DUST KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16729807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+glove+bag+containment+and+asbestos+abatement+clearance%3A+Methodologies+for+asbestos+removal&rft.au=Froehlich%2C+P+A%3BHollett%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Froehlich&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - asbestos; cleaning process; fibers; occupational exposure; contamination; protective clothing; environmental monitoring ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA acceptance of foreign inspections AN - 16729727; 3516381 AB - The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) acceptance of foreign inspections is becoming an increasingly important issue in light of the international efforts to harmonize the regulation of pharmaceuticals. In addition, the developments in the European Community and elsewhere have created an environment where reliance on inspection reports generated by the host country has increasing appeal. This paper covers FDA's current view of agreements to exchange good manufacturing practice (GMP) inspection reports with other countries. JF - Drug Information Journal AU - Vogel, P AD - Div. Manuf. and Prod. Qual./CDER/FDA, 7520 Standish Place, Room 273, Rockville, MD 20855, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1141 EP - 1145 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0092-8615, 0092-8615 KW - FDA KW - inspection KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA KW - international agreements KW - drugs KW - quality control KW - federal policies KW - pharmacology KW - H SE4.28:PHARMACEUTICALS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16729727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.atitle=FDA+acceptance+of+foreign+inspections&rft.au=Vogel%2C+P&rft.aulast=Vogel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1141&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.issn=00928615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; pharmacology; international agreements; federal policies; drugs; quality control ER - TY - CONF T1 - Criteria for in vitro alternatives for the eye irritation test AN - 16729266; 3512079 AB - A proposal encompassing considerations and criteria for the development of in vitro alternatives to the eye irritation test has been developed and is presented here. Two factors need to be considered initially in developing an alternative test. The first is to determine whether the alternative assay is to be used as a screen or as a replacement for the eye irritation test. Less stringent acceptance criteria are required for an assay used as a screen than for that used as a replacement test. A screen is a preliminary test for the assessment of eye irritation. It is used for making preliminary decisions or establishing the direction for further testing. Screens answer fewer and less complex questions than a replacement test would, since the results from screens are usually confirmed by more definitive testing. A replacement test, however, must provide the same answers as in vivo methods for the assessment of eye irritation and must provide data for making a definitive toxicological assessment of eye irritation. The second factor to be considered is knowledge of the in vivo assay intended to be replaced. This knowledge should include the procedural aspects of the test and the regulatory information it provides. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Green, S AU - Chambers, WA AU - Gupta, K C AU - Hill, R N AU - Hurley, P M AU - Lambert, LA AU - Lee, C C AU - Lee, J K AU - Liu, P T Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 81 EP - 85 VL - 31 IS - 2 KW - alternative methods KW - rabbits KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - criteria KW - irritation KW - in vitro KW - eye KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16729266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Criteria+for+in+vitro+alternatives+for+the+eye+irritation+test&rft.au=Green%2C+S%3BChambers%2C+WA%3BGupta%2C+K+C%3BHill%2C+R+N%3BHurley%2C+P+M%3BLambert%2C+LA%3BLee%2C+C+C%3BLee%2C+J+K%3BLiu%2C+P+T&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organic dust exposure from compost handling: Response of an animal model AN - 16729095; 3511409 AB - The objective of this investigation was to elucidate the pulmonary responses of an animal model to dust generated from leaf/wood compost which had caused a severe case of acute respiratory illness in an individual. Guinea pigs were exposed for 4 hr to 30 mg/m super(3) of aerosolized leaf/wood compost dust. Inhalation resulted in significant cellular activation and changes in pulmonary mechanics. Maximal elevation in breathing rate ( arrow up 36%) was observed 12-18 hr postexposure. Similarly, maximal granulocyte infiltration ( arrow up 1,600%) and activation of alveolar macrophages ( arrow up 65%) occurred 18 hr postexposure. In contrast, maximal airway obstruction ( arrow up 120%) occurred immediately after exposure and returned toward normal ( arrow up 53%) by 18 hr postexposure. In several respects, the airway obstruction and pulmonary inflammation described in the animal model were comparable to the human response to compost dust. Therefore, this animal model may be useful in predicting the potential respiratory hazard associated with exposure to various organic dusts. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Frazer, D G AU - Jones, W G AU - Petsonk, EL AU - Kullman, G J AU - Barger, M W AU - Afshari, A AU - Jones, T AU - Castranova, V AD - Biochem. Sect., NIOSH, 944 Chestnut Ridge Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 375 EP - 385 VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - compost KW - respiratory diseases KW - composts KW - guinea-pigs KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - leaves KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - wood KW - occupational exposure KW - inhalation KW - animal models KW - lung KW - dust KW - X 24172:Plants KW - H SI0.8.7:DUST KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16729095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Organic+dust+exposure+from+compost+handling%3A+Response+of+an+animal+model&rft.au=Frazer%2C+D+G%3BJones%2C+W+G%3BPetsonk%2C+EL%3BKullman%2C+G+J%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BAfshari%2C+A%3BJones%2C+T%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Frazer&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dust; occupational exposure; compost; inhalation; respiratory diseases; animal models; lung; wood; respiratory tract diseases; leaves ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ergonomic evaluation of checkstand designs in the retail food industry: A report based on expert assessment AN - 16724531; 3516403 AB - Increasing evidence suggests that musculoskeletal disorders are common in the U.S. retail food industry. Cashiers who use electronic scanners appear to be at especially high risk for upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs). One potential source of biomechanical stress is the checkstand design. Checkstand design can greatly influence the cashier's posture and movement patterns during grocery checking tasks. It is hypothesized that designs which expose cashiers to stressful postures and unnatural movements may be associated with increased musculoskeletal complaints. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is conducting an industrywide study to evaluate the prevalence and possible causes of musculoskeletal disorders among retail food workers. An objective of this research is to evaluate the relationship between CTDs and different checkstand designs. This article describes initial activities to identify ergonomic stressors associated with five common checkstand types found in the United States. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Grant, KA AU - Habes, DJ AU - Baron, S L AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Piacitelli, LA AU - Putz-Anderson, V AU - Fine, L J AD - Div. Biomed. and Behav. Sci., NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, M.S. C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 929 EP - 936 VL - 8 IS - 11 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - grocery cashiers KW - musculoskeletal system KW - cumulative trauma disorders KW - biomechanics KW - posture KW - foods KW - retail industry KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - stress KW - ergonomics KW - occupational health KW - H SE4.27:FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRIES KW - H SI0.7:HUMAN FACTORS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16724531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Ergonomic+evaluation+of+checkstand+designs+in+the+retail+food+industry%3A+A+report+based+on+expert+assessment&rft.au=Grant%2C+KA%3BHabes%2C+DJ%3BBaron%2C+S+L%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BPiacitelli%2C+LA%3BPutz-Anderson%2C+V%3BFine%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ergonomics; occupational health; stress ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunization with recombinant gp160 prolongs the survival of HIV-1 transgenic mice AN - 16723553; 3509715 AB - A strain of mouse transgenic for the env gene of the HIV-1 virus was used to study the immunogenicity of a gp160-derived vaccine (the protein encoded by the HIV env gene) and its effect on disease progression. Untreated transgenic mice frequently developed a rapidly progressive renal disease similar to that affecting approximately 10% of HIV-infected humans. When transgenic mice were immunized with recombinant purified gp160, their edema, proteinuria, and serum BUN levels were substantially reduced and their survival prolonged. The increased longevity of immunized transgenic mice correlated with the production of IgG antibodies reactive with gp160. JF - AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses AU - Shirai, A AU - Klinman, D M AD - Build. 29A, Rm. 3 D 10, Div. Virol., CBER/FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 979 EP - 984 VL - 9 IS - 10 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - env gene KW - glycoprotein gp160 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - immunization KW - human immunodeficiency virus 1 KW - genes KW - immunoglobulin G KW - antibodies KW - immunogenicity KW - mortality KW - transgenic mice KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W3 33160:Antibody based KW - V 22003:AIDS: Immunological aspects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16723553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+Research+and+Human+Retroviruses&rft.atitle=Immunization+with+recombinant+gp160+prolongs+the+survival+of+HIV-1+transgenic+mice&rft.au=Shirai%2C+A%3BKlinman%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Shirai&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=979&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+Research+and+Human+Retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - immunization; genes; antibodies; immunoglobulin G; mortality; immunogenicity; transgenic mice; human immunodeficiency virus 1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The evaluation of postmarketing adverse drug experience reports at FDA: Part I AN - 16721162; 3510111 AB - This series of two papers provides an overview of the Food and Drug Administrations's (FDA) processing of postmarketing ADE reports. The first paper describes the spontaneous reporting system, computerized processing of Form FDA 1639, and the clinical review of individual ADE reports. The clinical review of ADE reports uses a medical model, very similar to one used in clinical practice when developing a patient's chart. This medical model also contributes to the identification of safety signals since it forms the basis of the clinical assessment of the report and the determination of how an ADE report, or group of reports, may be related to drug use. The signaling functions are discussed in the companion paper. "Causality assessment," "attribution," and other related terms have various definitions. These papers will use these terms rather loosely in describing how FDA staff determine if there may be a preliminary signal of a meaningful association of a drug to an adverse event. JF - Drug Information Journal AU - Johnson, J M AU - Tanner, LA AU - Barash, D AD - Div. Epidemiol. and Surveillance, HFD-730 FDA, Rm. 15B-31 Parklawn Build., 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1159 EP - 1165 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0092-8615, 0092-8615 KW - FDA KW - government policy KW - data banks KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - side effects KW - drugs KW - computer applications KW - pharmacology KW - hazards KW - data bases KW - quality control KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.28:PHARMACEUTICALS KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16721162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.atitle=The+evaluation+of+postmarketing+adverse+drug+experience+reports+at+FDA%3A+Part+I&rft.au=Johnson%2C+J+M%3BTanner%2C+LA%3BBarash%2C+D&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.issn=00928615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drugs; pharmacology; side effects; hazards; quality control; computer applications; data bases; government policy; data banks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peripheral neuropathy after occupational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) AN - 16720487; 3509022 AB - Reports of human exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) describe signs and symptoms consistent with exposure-related peripheral neuropathy. In a cross-sectional study, prevalence of peripheral neuropathy was measured in 265 workers exposed 15 years earlier to chemicals contaminated with TCDD and in 244 unexposed, age-, race-, gender- and community-matched comparisons. Cases of peripheral neuropathy were defined from examination, electrophysiologic and quantitative sensory tests, and symptoms. Exposure was assessed by measuring lipid-adjusted serum TCDD levels. The mean serum TCDD level for workers (220 parts per trillion (ppt)) was significantly higher than for referents (7 ppt). Thirty-two percent of both worker and referent groups met the case definition for peripheral neuropathy. In the logistic regression analyses, serum TCDD level was not related to peripheral neuropathy. These data suggest that despite continued high serum TCDD levels, peripheral neuropathy is not a long-term sequela of high exposure to TCDD-contaminated chemicals. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Fingerhut, MA AU - Arezzo, J C AU - Hornung, R W AU - Connally, L B AD - NIOSH Mailstop R-16, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 845 EP - 858 VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - neuropathy KW - man KW - case reports KW - TCDD KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - occupational exposure KW - H SI0.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - N3 11105:Primates KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16720487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Peripheral+neuropathy+after+occupational+exposure+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+%28TCDD%29&rft.au=Sweeney%2C+M+H%3BFingerhut%2C+MA%3BArezzo%2C+J+C%3BHornung%2C+R+W%3BConnally%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=845&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - TCDD; occupational exposure; neuropathy; man; case reports ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Teratogenic potential of FD and C Red No. 3 when given in drinking water AN - 16718432; 3510342 AB - FD & C Red No. 3 (erythrosine), a commonly used food additive, was administered to pregnant Osborne-Mendel rats to study its teratogenic potential. Dosing solutions of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4% in distilled water were available at all times and corresponded to daily doses of 64, 121, 248 and 472 mg FD & C Red No. 3/kg body weight. Distilled water served as the control. On gestation day 20, the animals were killed and caesarean sections were performed. The treated animals consumed less fluid than did the control animals, but only random decreases were statistically significant and no dose relationship was seen. Only the 0.2% group consumed significantly more feed than the controls during gestation. Maternal weight gain during days 0-20 was not significantly affected in any group. No dose-related changes were seen in maternal clinical findings, implantations, foetal viability, foetal size (weight and length) or visceral development. No dose-related teratogenesis was seen. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Collins, TFX AU - Black, T N AU - O'Donnell, MW Jr AU - Shackelford, ME AU - Bulhack, P AD - Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 161 EP - 167 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - erythrosine KW - food dyes KW - foods KW - dose response effects KW - rats KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - teratogenesis KW - drinking water KW - dyes KW - additives KW - teratogenicity KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - H SE4.25:ADDITIVES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16718432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Teratogenic+potential+of+FD+and+C+Red+No.+3+when+given+in+drinking+water&rft.au=Collins%2C+TFX%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BO%27Donnell%2C+MW+Jr%3BShackelford%2C+ME%3BBulhack%2C+P&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=TFX&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - teratogenicity; rats; additives; dyes; teratogenesis; drinking water; food dyes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Safety signals from adverse drug experience reports at FDA: Part II AN - 16716806; 3510159 AB - This paper describes how signals are generated from postmarketing adverse drug experience reports at FDA. This is a companion paper to "The Evaluation of Postmarketing Adverse Drug Experience Reports at FDA: Part I," which described the development of the computerized database and processing of reports, and the clinical review of individual reports. This paper follows with a description of the way signals are generated from various sources, including adverse drug experience (ADE) reports in the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) spontaneous reporting system (SRS). JF - Drug Information Journal AU - Johnson, J M AU - Tanner, LA AU - Barash, D AD - Div. Epidemiol. and Surveillance, HFD-730; FDA, Rm. 15B-31 Parklawn Build., 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1167 EP - 1171 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0092-8615, 0092-8615 KW - FDA KW - government policy KW - data banks KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - side effects KW - drugs KW - pharmacology KW - hazards KW - data bases KW - quality control KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.28:PHARMACEUTICALS KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16716806?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.atitle=Safety+signals+from+adverse+drug+experience+reports+at+FDA%3A+Part+II&rft.au=Johnson%2C+J+M%3BTanner%2C+LA%3BBarash%2C+D&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.issn=00928615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drugs; pharmacology; side effects; quality control; data bases; hazards; government policy; data banks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Successful reduction of silica exposures at a sanitary ware pottery AN - 16713787; 3505237 AB - Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted a joint survey with the New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) to measure crystalline silica exposures and evaluate the adequacy of the existing control measures for reducing these exposures at a sanitary ware pottery. This survey found that 95% of the personal and area samples from the Slip House, Casting, Glaze Spray, and Glaze Preparation Departments exceeded the NIOSH Recommended Exposure Level (87% exceeded the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Level) for crystalline silica. Three years later, a follow-up survey found statistically significant reductions in respirable crystalline silica exposures in two of four plant departments, and statistically significant reductions in area concentrations in all four plant departments. These reductions were accomplished through a combination of automating and enclosing the batching system in the Slip House and by replacing the mold parting compound with a nonsilica material, altering the method of dry sweeping, cleaning of castings while damp, improving exhaust ventilation at the spray booths, and improved housekeeping. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Cooper, T C AU - Gressel, M G AU - Froehlich, P A AU - Caplan, P E AU - Mickelsen, R L AU - Valiante, D AU - Bost, P AD - U.S. Dep. Health and Human Serv., Public Health Serv., Cent. Disease Control and Prev., NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-5, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 600 EP - 606 VL - 54 IS - 10 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - pottery industry KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - silica KW - dust KW - respiratory diseases KW - occupational exposure KW - pollution control KW - H SI6.8.7:DUST KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16713787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Successful+reduction+of+silica+exposures+at+a+sanitary+ware+pottery&rft.au=Cooper%2C+T+C%3BGressel%2C+M+G%3BFroehlich%2C+P+A%3BCaplan%2C+P+E%3BMickelsen%2C+R+L%3BValiante%2C+D%3BBost%2C+P&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=600&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dust; silica; occupational exposure; pollution control; respiratory diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of pentamidine isethionate in air AN - 16713569; 3505244 AB - A concern currently exists regarding the potential for exposure of health care workers to pentamidine isethionate, a drug used for prevention and treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, including those with human immunodeficiency virus infection. In order to evaluate worker exposures, a sampling and analytical method for pentamidine isethionate in air has been developed. This method involves sampling with a 37-mm PVC membrane filter at 1 to 2 L/min, recovery with 3 mL of 50:50 ethanol:water with 0.085% phosphoric acid and 0.04% tetramethylammonium chloride in an ultrasonic bath for 10 min, and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Because patients who are treated with pentamidine isethionate are at increased risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB), safety precautions for handling samples contaminated with TB were included in the sampling and analytical method. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Tucker, S P AU - Belinky, B R AU - Seitz, T A AU - Foley, G D AD - Dep. Health and Human Serv., Public Health Serv., Cent. Dis. Control and Prev., NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 628 EP - 632 VL - 54 IS - 10 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - pentamidine isethionate KW - tuberculosis KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - pollution detection KW - respiratory diseases KW - air sampling KW - occupational exposure KW - drugs KW - health care KW - aerosols KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H SE4.28:PHARMACEUTICALS KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16713569?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Determination+of+pentamidine+isethionate+in+air&rft.au=Tucker%2C+S+P%3BBelinky%2C+B+R%3BSeitz%2C+T+A%3BFoley%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=628&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - health care; drugs; aerosols; air sampling; pollution detection; occupational exposure; respiratory diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of meat treated with ionizing radiation by capillary gas chromatographic determination of radiolytically produced hydrocarbons AN - 16703472; 3534270 AB - When triglycerides or fatty acids are irradiated, some of the major stable products are hydrocarbons formed from the loss of CO sub(2) and CH sub(3)COOH in various free-radical reactions. A capillary gas chromatographic procedure has been developed to monitor the presence of these radiolytically generated hydrocarbons in meats treated with ionizing radiation. Several lipid extraction procedures for isolating the radiolytically generated hydrocarbons from the irradiated meat were compared. The radiolytically generated hydrocarbons were separated from the extracted lipids on a Florisil column and determined by capillary gas chromatography. The yield of these radiolytically generated hydrocarbons was linear with absorbed dose. Data indicating the utility of this methodology to identify meat products (poultry, beef, and pork) treated with ionizing radiation are presented. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Morehouse, K M AU - Kiesel, M AU - Ku, Yuoh AD - Div. Food Chem. and Technol., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 758 EP - 763 VL - 41 IS - 5 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - production KW - meat KW - screening KW - methodology KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - ionizing radiation KW - hydrocarbons KW - H SE4.22:FOOD PRESERVATION KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16703472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Identification+of+meat+treated+with+ionizing+radiation+by+capillary+gas+chromatographic+determination+of+radiolytically+produced+hydrocarbons&rft.au=Morehouse%2C+K+M%3BKiesel%2C+M%3BKu%2C+Yuoh&rft.aulast=Morehouse&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=758&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - hydrocarbons; ionizing radiation; production; meat; screening; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pertussis toxin-induced alterations of murine hepatic drug metabolism following administration of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine adsorbed AN - 16697087; 3054554 AB - Administration of pertussis toxin (PT) in combination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids adsorbed (DT vaccine) or with acellular pertussis vaccine adsorbed and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (APDT) elicits dose- and time-dependent alterations in hepatic drug metabolism in mice. Cytochrome P-450 (P-450) levels were inhibited more than 50% at 7 days following a single injection of PT mixed with either vaccine. When combined with DT vaccine, 125 ng of PT was required to produce this effect, while as little as 16 ng of PT combined with APDT vaccine inhibited P-450 levels. The inhibition of P-450 levels is similar to that observed after a single injection of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine adsorbed (DTP). Alterations of P-450 levels were accompanied by increased activities of quinone reductase but not with changes in plasma interleukin-6 or tumor necrosis factor levels. Other Bordetella pertussis virulence factors, such as filamentous hemagglutinin, fimbriae and pertactin, were also tested but had no significant effect on hepatic drug metabolism. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Ansher, S AU - Thompson, W AU - Bridgewater, J AU - Snoy, P AD - Div. Bact. Prod., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4240 EP - 4247 VL - 61 IS - 10 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - drug metabolism KW - vaccines KW - toxins KW - pertussis KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - liver KW - X 24114:Metabolism KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16697087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Pertussis+toxin-induced+alterations+of+murine+hepatic+drug+metabolism+following+administration+of+diphtheria+and+tetanus+toxoids+and+pertussis+vaccine+adsorbed&rft.au=Ansher%2C+S%3BThompson%2C+W%3BBridgewater%2C+J%3BSnoy%2C+P&rft.aulast=Ansher&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; toxins; drug metabolism; liver; vaccines; pertussis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct plating procedure for enumerating Vibrio vulnificus in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) AN - 16696508; 3054420 AB - A procedure for enumerating and identifying Vibrio vulnificus in oysters was developed and evaluated. This method consists of growth on a direct plating medium (VVE medium) for isolating the organism from shellfish tissues, followed by biochemical tests for differentiating and identifying presumptively positive isolates. Densities of V. vulnificus are reliably obtained in 2 to 4 days, and as few as 10 culturable cells per 100 g can be identified. The procedure was evaluated by using a DNA probe technique specific for the cytotoxin-hemolysin gene of V. vulnificus and gas chromatographic analysis of the fatty acid contents of positive isolates. Only 3.2 and 0.4% of the isolates gave false-positive and false-negative results, respectively. The average level of recovery on VVE medium for 33 strains, including both clinical and environmental isolates, was 92% of the level of recovery obtained with brain heart infusion agar supplemented with 1% NaCl. The densities of V. vulnificus in oyster homogenates and individual oysters harvested from gulf and Atlantic coastal waters revealed that seasonally high levels occurred. The VVE medium procedure facilitated enumeration of this pathogen in molluscan shellfish and had a distinct advantage over the widely used most-probable-number procedure for V. vulnificus enumeration, which requires 5 to 7 days and often gives improbable and imprecise results. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Miceli, G A AU - Watkins, W D AU - Rippey AD - Northeast Tech. Serv. Unit, U.S. FDA, N. Kingstown, RI 02852, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 3519 EP - 3524 VL - 59 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - counting methods KW - enumeration KW - microbial contamination KW - oyster fisheries KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - probes KW - shellfish KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cell culture KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - detection KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - seafood KW - DNA KW - Crassostrea virginica KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - Q4 27170:Microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa) KW - O 5090:Instruments/Methods KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16696508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Direct+plating+procedure+for+enumerating+Vibrio+vulnificus+in+oysters+%28Crassostrea+virginica%29&rft.au=Miceli%2C+G+A%3BWatkins%2C+W+D%3BRippey&rft.aulast=Miceli&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cell culture; pathogenic bacteria; detection; microbial contamination; seafood; shellfish; DNA; oyster fisheries; counting methods; enumeration; probes; Vibrio vulnificus; Crassostrea virginica; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The safety of retroviral vectors. AN - 16675187; 3033866 AB - Replication-defective retroviral vectors have been the predominant delivery system used for human gene therapy to date. In many cases, cell culture systems used for production of replication-defective retroviral vectors will eventually produce replication-competent retroviruses (RCR) after varying periods of incubation, presumably via recombination of vector with helper virus sequences. Therefore, a major concern with such vectors is the potential pathogenicity in humans of recombinant RCR. Although early studies reported that amphotropic RCR were not pathogenic for primates, in a more recent experiment, three of 10 severely immunosuppressed primates developed aggressive T cell lymphomas when their bone marrow progenitor cells were exposed to RCR. Accordingly, the safety of these vectors, and methods for screening for RCR have come under increased scrutiny. JF - Human Gene Therapy AU - Gunter, K C AU - Khan, A S AU - Noguchi, P D AD - Div. Cell. and Gene Ther., Off. Ther. Res. and Rev., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 643 EP - 645 VL - 4 IS - 5 SN - 1043-0342, 1043-0342 KW - safety KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - retrovirus KW - cloning vectors KW - therapy KW - N 14682:Cloning vectors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33180:Gene based (protocols, clinical trials, and animal models) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16675187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=The+safety+of+retroviral+vectors.&rft.au=Gunter%2C+K+C%3BKhan%2C+A+S%3BNoguchi%2C+P+D&rft.aulast=Gunter&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=643&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=10430342&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - retrovirus; cloning vectors; therapy ER - TY - PAT T1 - Raccoon poxvirus as a gene expression and vaccine vector for genes of rabies virus and other organisms. AN - 16672206; 3036326 AB - A vaccine for rabies. AU - Esposito, J J AU - Baer, G M PY - 1993 IS - US Patent 5,266,313 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - rabies virus KW - patents KW - W2 32050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16672206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Raccoon+poxvirus+as+a+gene+expression+and+vaccine+vector+for+genes+of+rabies+virus+and+other+organisms.&rft.au=Esposito%2C+J+J%3BBaer%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Esposito&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 424/89; Int. Cl. A61K 39/12. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Multiple chemical sensitivity: Controlled scientific studies as proof of causation AN - 16671139; 3678877 AB - Multiple chemical sensitivity is an environmental illness that demands exacting methods of diagnosis. Proposed associations between symptoms and specific substances, whether to one substance or to multiple chemicals, need to be critically examined through adequately designed scientific studies. Appropriate methods for controlled scientific study of adverse reactions to chemicals are discussed as well as the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) experience with aspartame as an example of the need for controlled scientific studies to refute or confirm anecdotal evidence. Since 1986 the FDA has received reports of 265 cases of epileptic seizures temporally associated with the ingestion of aspartame. Information obtained from the complainants' medical records as well as data on consumption patterns, temporal relationships, and challenge tests do not support the claim that the occurrences of the seizures are linked to consumption of aspartame. In addition, two double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover studies failed to demonstrate an association between epileptic seizures in children and adults and the ingestion of aspartame. JF - MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITIES (MCS) AU - Tollefson, L Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 12 EP - 43 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - combination KW - synergism KW - risk assessment KW - toxicants KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16671139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Tollefson%2C+L&rft.aulast=Tollefson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Multiple+chemical+sensitivity%3A+Controlled+scientific+studies+as+proof+of+causation&rft.title=Multiple+chemical+sensitivity%3A+Controlled+scientific+studies+as+proof+of+causation&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotechnology and food regulation. AN - 16664279; 3026927 AB - The past 18 months have seen a great deal of activity in the regulation of foods developed using novel cellular and molecular techniques that have been dubbed 'the new biotechnology'. The relevant regulatory authorities and advisory bodies in the European Community, the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the Nordic countries have published proposals, policy statements, and reports detailing how the safety of such foods should be assessed. All appear to recognize that the safety of a new or modified food is dependent upon its composition and that the same principles for safety assessments apply regardless of the methods by which a food is developed. Reflecting the 'process versus product' debate (1), most would argue that they focus on the product. However, there are important differences in regulatory approaches, most notably over whether the use of certain new techniques is sufficient to trigger special regulatory oversight. This paper will attempt to summarize and discuss briefly the major elements of these policies. It should be noted that the views expressed here are solely those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Food and Drug Administration or the United States government. JF - Current Opinion in Biotechnology AU - Miller, H I AU - Flamm, EL AD - Office Biotechnol., U.S. FDA, 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 265 EP - 268 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - biotechnology KW - food quality KW - food KW - regulation KW - safety regulations KW - W2 32580:Fermentation and process engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16664279?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Biotechnology+and+food+regulation.&rft.au=Miller%2C+H+I%3BFlamm%2C+EL&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+Opinion+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biotechnology; food quality; food; regulation; safety regulations ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of sampling and analytical methods for the determination of chlorodifluoromethane in air. AN - 16655107; 3033744 AB - In January 1989, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) published revised permissible exposure limits (PELs) for 212 compounds and established PELs for 164 additional compounds. In cases where regulated compounds did not have specific sampling and analytical methods, methods were suggested by OSHA. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) Method 1020, which was developed for 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, was suggested by OSHA for the determination of chlorodifluoromethane in workplace air. The ability of NMAM Method 1020 to adequately sample and quantitate chlorodifluoromethane was questioned and tested by researchers at NIOSH. Modifications of NMAM Method 1018 included changes in the standard preparation procedure, and the gas chromatograph was equipped with a capillary column. These revisions to NMAM 1018 resulted in a 96.5% recovery and a total precision for the method of 7.1% for chlorodifluoromethane. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Seymour, MJ AU - Lucas, M F AD - NIOSH, Div. Phys. Sci. and Eng., 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 253 EP - 259 VL - 54 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - chlorodifluoromethane KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - gases KW - air sampling KW - occupational exposure KW - sampling methods KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16655107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+sampling+and+analytical+methods+for+the+determination+of+chlorodifluoromethane+in+air.&rft.au=Seymour%2C+MJ%3BLucas%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Seymour&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - air sampling; occupational exposure; sampling methods; gases ER - TY - PAT T1 - Polypeptide of a human cripto-related gene, CR-3. AN - 16654366; 3038991 AU - Salomon, D S AU - Persico, M G PY - 1993 IS - US Patent 5,264,557 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - genes KW - patents KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16654366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Polypeptide+of+a+human+cripto-related+gene%2C+CR-3.&rft.au=Salomon%2C+D+S%3BPersico%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Salomon&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 530/399; Int. Cl. C07K 3/00; A61K 37/24; C12P 21/06; C07H 15/12. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - PAT T1 - Inhibitors for replication of retroviruses and for the expression of oncogene products. AN - 16654247; 3038965 AB - A compound capable of inhibiting the replication or cytopathic effect of a foreign nucleic acid in a host. AU - Cohen, J S AU - Neckers, L AU - Stein, C AU - Loke, S L AU - Shinozuka, K PY - 1993 IS - US Patent 5,264,423 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - retrovirus KW - patents KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - V 22004:AIDS: Clinical aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16654247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Inhibitors+for+replication+of+retroviruses+and+for+the+expression+of+oncogene+products.&rft.au=Cohen%2C+J+S%3BNeckers%2C+L%3BStein%2C+C%3BLoke%2C+S+L%3BShinozuka%2C+K&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 514/44; Int. Cl. A61K 31/70; C07H 17/00. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Single-radial-immunodiffusion as an in vitro potency assay for human inactivated viral vaccines AN - 16654039; 3656996 AB - Single-radial-immunodiffusion (SRID) assays have been used to determine the potency of all human inactivated influenza virus vaccines licensed by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the United States since 1978. SRID replaced less reliable tests which were based on the aggregation of erythrocytes by the hemagglutinins of influenza viruses. Similar SRID assays have been used experimentally to determine the potency of inactivated polio and rabies vaccines. In each case, the assays are based on the diffusion of viral antigen into an agarose gel containing specific antibodies to the antigen being measured. For influenza and rabies, disruption of the virions with a detergent is necessary to permit the diffusion of the appropriate antigens, where as with polio, intact virions are allowed to diffuse. The interaction between antigen and antibody produces a zone of precipitation whose size is directly proportional to the amount of antigen applied. A potency value for unknowns is obtained by comparing the sizes of zones produced by unknown preparations to the sizes of zones obtained with a calibrated reference of known antigen content. Once the specific reference antigens and antibodies are prepared and the test standardized, it is a remarkably simple technique which unlike agglutination assays is very reproducible, relatively unaffected by minor variations in test conditions and is far less time consuming and cumbersome than in vivo assays for potency such as those done by inoculating mice or monkeys. More importantly, clinical studies demonstrate that standardization of influenza vaccines by SRID provides a better correlate of human immunogenicity than previous methods. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Williams AD - Lab. Resp. Viruses, Div. Virol., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 253 EP - 262 VL - 37 IS - 3-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - standards KW - USA KW - vaccines KW - influenza virus KW - efficacy KW - rabies KW - immunodiffusion KW - F 06715:Precipitation, immunodiffusion & immunoelectrophoresis KW - A 01097:Viruses KW - V 22091:Immunological techniques & reagents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W2 32240:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16654039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Single-radial-immunodiffusion+as+an+in+vitro+potency+assay+for+human+inactivated+viral+vaccines&rft.au=Williams&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - standards; vaccines; efficacy; rabies; immunodiffusion; influenza virus; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Excess hepatobiliary cancer mortality among munitions workers exposed to dinitrotoluene. AN - 16646734; 3009182 AB - An analysis of the mortality experience of workers exposed to dinitrotoluene (DNT) was conducted to test the hypothesis that DNT exposure is associated with an increased risk of cancers of the liver and biliary tact. A total of 4,989 workers exposed to DNT and 7,436 unexposed workers who had worked for at least 5 months at the study facility between January 1, 1949 and January 21, 1980, were included in this investigation. An excess of hepatobiliary cancer was observed among workers exposed to DNT in this study. The rate ratio for hepatobiliary cancer was 2.67 (six cases observed) based upon comparison with the US population, and 3.88 based upon comparison using the internal unexposed referent group. This study failed to demonstrate an exposure-response relationship between duration of DNT exposure and hepatobiliary cancer mortality. JF - J. OCCUP. MED. AU - Stayner, L T AU - Dannenberg, AL AU - Bloom, T AU - Thun, M AD - Natl. Inst. Occup. Saf. and Health (NIOSH), Mail Stop: C-15, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 291 EP - 296 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - dinitrotoluene KW - hepatobiliary tract KW - carcinoma KW - man KW - biliary tract KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - liver KW - occupational exposure KW - cancer KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H SM10.21:CANCER KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16646734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+OCCUP.+MED.&rft.atitle=Excess+hepatobiliary+cancer+mortality+among+munitions+workers+exposed+to+dinitrotoluene.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L+T%3BDannenberg%2C+AL%3BBloom%2C+T%3BThun%2C+M&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=291&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+OCCUP.+MED.&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational exposure; liver; cancer; carcinoma; man; biliary tract ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycotoxins in review. AN - 16634990; 2985652 AB - The putative involvement of mycotoxins in human diseases, including cancer, is reviewed with reference to ergotism, citreoviridin toxicosis, alimentary toxic aleukia, stachybotryotoxicosis, Balkan endemic nephropathy and aflatoxicoses. Analytical and sampling problems in determining the occurrence of and exposure to mycotoxins are discussed against the background that over 300 mycotoxins have been identified, produced by some 350 fungal species, and that the potency of some of them demands the quantitation of extremely small quantities of analyte. Mycotoxins associated with food and originating from Alternaria, Aspergillus , Fusaria, Penicillia and Claviceps spp. are reviewed with reference to the toxicological, regulatory and economic issues arising. It is concluded that continued efforts are needed to: identify and quantify human/animal exposure; estimate health risks and make defensible risk-benefit judgements; develop sampling plans based on experimental observation; arrive at agreed regulatory levels based on legitimate sampling plans, analytical capabilities and economic considerations; develop procedures for disposal of contaminated lots; and develop plant varieties resistant to fungal invasion. JF - Food Additives and Contaminants [FOOD ADDIT. CONTAM.]. Vol. 10, no. 1. 1993. AU - Pohland, A E AD - Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA A2 - Park, DL A2 - Walker, RA (eds) Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - food KW - mycotoxins KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16634990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Pohland%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Pohland&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Mycotoxins+in+review.&rft.title=Mycotoxins+in+review.&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mycotoxins; reviews; food ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Knowledge, intent to use, and use of smokeless tobacco among sixth grade schoolchildren in six selected U.S. sites. AN - 16631324; 3024070 AB - Questionnaires on smokeless tobacco use were completed by 781 sixth grade students in 15 schools at six locations in the United States. The students were both American Indian-Alaska Native and non-American Indian-Alaska Native. The Indian and Alaska Native schoolchildren were experimenting with and regularly using smokeless tobacco at higher rates than non-Indian schoolchildren. At Indian Health Service sites, 28.1 percent of the children reported current use of smokeless tobacco, compared with 3.3 percent of the children elsewhere. For girls reporting smokeless tobacco experimentation, the comparison was 68.9 percent at Indian Health Service sites and 8.7 percent at non-Indian sites; for boys, it was 79.1 percent from the Indian sites and 35.4 percent from the non-Indian sites. JF - Public Health Reports AU - Backinger, CL AU - Bruerd, B AU - Kinney, M B AU - Szpunar, S M AD - FDA, 5600 Fishers Lane (HFZ-250), Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 637 EP - 642 VL - 108 IS - 5 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - smokeless tobacco KW - demographics KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA KW - tobacco KW - gender KW - surveys KW - children KW - H SE4.26:DRUGS AND ALCOHOL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16631324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Knowledge%2C+intent+to+use%2C+and+use+of+smokeless+tobacco+among+sixth+grade+schoolchildren+in+six+selected+U.S.+sites.&rft.au=Backinger%2C+CL%3BBruerd%2C+B%3BKinney%2C+M+B%3BSzpunar%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Backinger&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=637&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; tobacco; children; surveys; gender ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Patient information and education about drugs: The FDA perspective AN - 16628104; 3666393 AB - Patient information and education is high on the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) agenda. This paper reviews FDA's role in patient information and education, including a recent campaign to improve communications between health care practitioners and patients. Also covered are the problems and solutions being developed for off-label usage, additional labeling indications, direct-to-consumer-advertising, and adverse events reporting. JF - Drug Information Journal AU - Scheman, C R AD - FDA, 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1133 EP - 1136 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0092-8615, 0092-8615 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - side effects KW - drugs KW - information systems KW - man KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16628104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.atitle=Patient+information+and+education+about+drugs%3A+The+FDA+perspective&rft.au=Scheman%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Scheman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.issn=00928615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drugs; side effects; man; information systems ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A physiologically based model for gastrointestinal absorption and excretion of chemicals carried by lipids AN - 16628090; 3666390 AB - Pharmacokinetic models which incorporate independently measured anatomical characteristics and physiological flows have been widely used to predict the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs, anesthetics, and other chemicals. Models appearing in the literature have included as many as 18, or as few as 5 tissue compartments. With the exception of the multiple-compartment delay trains used by Bischoff to model the delays inherent to the appearance of drug metabolites in bile and segments of the intestinal lumen, very little effort has been made to incorporate the available information on gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology into more accurate gastrointestinal absorption/enterohepatic recirculation submodels. Since several authors have shown that the lymphatic system is the most significant route of absorption for highly lipophilic chemicals, we have constructed a model of gastrointestinal absorption that emphasizes chylomicron production and transport as the most significant route of absorption for nonvolatile, lipophilic chemicals. The absorption and distribution of hexachlorobenzene after intravenous vs. oral dosing are used to demonstrate features of this model. JF - Risk Analysis AU - Roth, W L AU - Freeman, R A AU - Wilson, AGE AD - U.S. FDA, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 531 EP - 543 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - gastrointestinal tract KW - mathematical models KW - xenobiotics KW - chylomicrons KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16628090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=A+physiologically+based+model+for+gastrointestinal+absorption+and+excretion+of+chemicals+carried+by+lipids&rft.au=Roth%2C+W+L%3BFreeman%2C+R+A%3BWilson%2C+AGE&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gastrointestinal tract; toxicity testing; mathematical models; chylomicrons; xenobiotics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transplacental pharmacokinetics and maternal/fetal plasma concentrations of cocaine in pregnant macaques near term. AN - 16620537; 2990106 AB - The transplacental pharmacokinetics of cocaine were studied in three pregnant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta ) at 150-154 days of pregnancy (term similar to 165 days). Animals were dosed intramuscularly with cocaine hydrochloride at 1 mg/kg, supplemented with a tritiated cocaine tracer. Plasma cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgonine levels were determined after separation by HPLC and subsequent quantification by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Cocaine levels peaked in maternal blood within 10-20 min after dosing, and cocaine was detected in fetal blood within 5 min, reaching peak concentrations within 30-120 min. Mean maternal elimination half-lives (t sub( is equivalent )) for cocaine and benzoylecgonine were 1.2 hr and 12.4 hr, respectively; fetal half-lives were 0.5 and 7.7 hr. Mean maternal residence times were 1.9 and 17.0 hr for cocaine and benzoylecgonine, respectively; fetal values were 2.1 and 11.6 hr. Total areas under the concentration versus time curves (AUCs) for cocaine and benzoylecgonine in maternal plasma were 360 and 585 (ng/ml) hr, respectively; fetal values were 104 and 262 (ng/ml) hr. JF - Drug Metabolism and Disposition AU - Binienda, Z AU - Bailey, J R AU - Duhart, H M AU - Slikker, W Jr AU - Paule, M G AD - Dep. Neurotoxicol., Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, NCTR Drive, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 364 EP - 368 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - cocaine KW - monkeys KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - fetuses KW - mother KW - levels KW - transport KW - placenta KW - pharmacokinetics KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16620537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Metabolism+and+Disposition&rft.atitle=Transplacental+pharmacokinetics+and+maternal%2Ffetal+plasma+concentrations+of+cocaine+in+pregnant+macaques+near+term.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Z%3BBailey%2C+J+R%3BDuhart%2C+H+M%3BSlikker%2C+W+Jr%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Z&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Metabolism+and+Disposition&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pharmacokinetics; transport; placenta; mother; fetuses; levels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Raw oyster-associated Vibrio infections: Linking epidemiologic data with laboratory testing of oysters obtained from a retail outlet AN - 16615308; 3644018 AB - Raw oysters harvested from Apalachicola Bay, FL, and purchased from a retail outlet in Tallahassee, FL, were tested monthly from March 1989 through March 1990 for the presence of Vibrio species. We studied the temporal relationship between Vibrio levels found in these oysters and the incidence of raw oyster-associated Vibrio illnesses with onset dates in 1989-1990 among persons living in counties located adjacent to or near Apalachicola Bay. Five of the six Vibrio species implicated in raw oyster-associated gastroenteritis or septicemia in the study area during 1989-1990 were recovered from the retail raw oysters. With the exception of Vibrio vulnificus, which was recovered during the warmest months, recovery of other Vibrio species from oysters was distributed widely throughout the year. Thirty-seven patients in the study area with 39 Vibrio infections with onset of illness from January 1989 through December 1990 were reported to the Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Klontz, K C AU - Williams, L AU - Baldy, L M AU - Campos, M AD - Epidemiol. Branch (HFS-728), FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 977 EP - 979 VL - 56 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - disease transmission KW - food contamination KW - human food KW - infection KW - man KW - microbial contamination KW - pathogenic bacteria KW - shellfish KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - vibrio KW - Marine KW - epidemiology KW - seafood KW - food KW - public health KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - H SE4.24:FOOD CONTAMINATION KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16615308?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Raw+oyster-associated+Vibrio+infections%3A+Linking+epidemiologic+data+with+laboratory+testing+of+oysters+obtained+from+a+retail+outlet&rft.au=Klontz%2C+K+C%3BWilliams%2C+L%3BBaldy%2C+L+M%3BCampos%2C+M&rft.aulast=Klontz&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pathogenic bacteria; disease transmission; microbial contamination; food; seafood; shellfish; epidemiology; human food; public health; food contamination; infection; man; vibrio; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality attributed to misuse of psychoactive drugs, 1979-88. AN - 16613997; 3033083 AB - To assess mortality attributed to misuse of psychoactive drugs in the United States from 1979 through 1988, the authors obtained from death certificates the annual number of, and age-, sex-, and race-specific data for, deaths in which psychoactive drugs were coded as the underlying or contributing cause. Deaths with psychoactive drugs specified as underlying cause (drug-induced) increased from 6,500 (2.9 per 100,000) in 1979 to more than 10,000 (3.8 per 100,000) in 1988. The data identify a high-risk group for targeting efforts to prevent deaths due to misuse of psychoactive drugs. JF - Public Health Reports AU - Wysowski, D K AU - Schober, SE AU - Wise, R P AU - Kopstein, A AD - Div. Epidemiol. and Surveillance, HFD-733, FDA, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 15B-18, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 565 EP - 570 VL - 108 IS - 5 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - drug abuse KW - heroin KW - cocaine KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - statistics KW - psychology KW - mortality KW - H SM10.40:DRUG ADDICTION KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16613997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Mortality+attributed+to+misuse+of+psychoactive+drugs%2C+1979-88.&rft.au=Wysowski%2C+D+K%3BSchober%2C+SE%3BWise%2C+R+P%3BKopstein%2C+A&rft.aulast=Wysowski&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=565&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mortality; psychology; statistics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of European and US biological indicators for ethylene oxide sterilization AN - 16611451; 3683816 AB - Biological indicators (BIs) are used to monitor ethylene oxide (EO) gas sterilization processes for medical devices. Several European and United States BIs for EO sterilization were evaluated for resistance according to both United States Pharmacopeia (USP) XXI and United Kingdom's (UK) tests for D-values. US BIs are B. subtilis var. niger spores on paper strips or disc carriers, while European BIs use aluminum strips, quartz sand, or cotton yarn. Numerous BIs per run and runs per lot, as well as 2-3 different lots of BIs from each manufacturer, were examined. Both British and US BIs met their respective label claims for rates of inactivation when tested against British and USP EO test parameters, respectively. However, Danish BIs, on cotton yarn or quartz sand, were not inactivated following USP specifications during the exposure dwell times tested (600 mg/L EO, 54 degree C, 60% RH, 0-110 min). The Danish BIs will require further testing in order for us to determine if their B. subtilis spores are unusually resistant to EO or if the spore carrier substrates protect the spores from the sterilizing gas. In conclusion, the British and American BIs for EO sterilization are equivalent in resistance despite differences in carrier substrate, recovery conditions, calculation methods for D-values, and the labeled sterilization conditions for use. JF - Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Demitrius, CA AU - Duran, A P AU - Chamberlain, V C AU - Hitchins, V M AD - Cent. Devices and Rad. Health (HFZ-112), U.S. FDA, 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 399 EP - 402 VL - 12 IS - 6 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - Bacillus subtilis niger KW - ethylene oxide KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - sterilization KW - medical equipment KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16611451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+European+and+US+biological+indicators+for+ethylene+oxide+sterilization&rft.au=Demitrius%2C+CA%3BDuran%2C+A+P%3BChamberlain%2C+V+C%3BHitchins%2C+V+M&rft.aulast=Demitrius&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Industrial+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sterilization; medical equipment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Essential fatty acid deficiency in cultured human keratinocytes attenuates toxicity due to lipid peroxidation. AN - 16611153; 3032824 AB - Human keratinocytes are commonly grown in culture with a serum-free medium. Under these conditions, keratinocytes become essential fatty acid deficient (EFAD), as determined by gas chromatographic analysis of cell phospholipid fatty acid composition. Exposure of EFAD keratinocytes for 2 hr to concentrations of t-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) up to 2 mM did not result in toxicity assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and only a small indication of lipid peroxidation assessed by the release of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). Addition of 10 mu M linoleic acid (LA) to serum-free medium alleviated the EFAD condition by increasing the phospholipid content of LA and its elongation and desaturation products, arachidonic acid and docosatetraenoic acid. Exposure of LA-supplemented keratinocytes to tBHP resulted in significant LDH (at 1 and 2 mM tBHP) and TBARS (tBHP concentration dependent) release. TBARS release was also significantly elevated in unexposed LA-supplemented keratinocytes (basal release). Cosupplementation with the antioxidant, alpha -tocopherol succinate (TS) prevented tBHP (1 mM)-induced LDH release in LA-supplemented cultures. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Wey, HE AU - Pyron, L AU - Woolery, M AD - NIOSH, Taft Lab., Mail Stop C23, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 72 EP - 79 VL - 120 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - keratinocytes KW - toxicity KW - deficiency KW - fatty acids KW - lipid peroxidation KW - man KW - tissue culture KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16611153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Essential+fatty+acid+deficiency+in+cultured+human+keratinocytes+attenuates+toxicity+due+to+lipid+peroxidation.&rft.au=Wey%2C+HE%3BPyron%2C+L%3BWoolery%2C+M&rft.aulast=Wey&rft.aufirst=HE&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - lipid peroxidation; fatty acids; deficiency; keratinocytes; tissue culture; man; toxicity ER - TY - PAT T1 - Human immunodeficiency virus specific proteolytic enzyme and a method for its synthesis and renaturation. AN - 16606205; 3021196 AU - Oroszlan, S AU - Copeland, T D PY - 1993 IS - US Patent 5,252,477 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - human immunodeficiency virus KW - patents KW - V 22002:AIDS: Molecular and in vitro aspects KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16606205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Human+immunodeficiency+virus+specific+proteolytic+enzyme+and+a+method+for+its+synthesis+and+renaturation.&rft.au=Oroszlan%2C+S%3BCopeland%2C+T+D&rft.aulast=Oroszlan&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 435/219; Int. Cl. C12N 9/50, 7/04, 15/84. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicological profile, current use, and regulatory issues on EDTA compounds for assessing use of sodium iron EDTA for food fortification AN - 16605809; 3665472 AB - The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of disodium and calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) for direct addition to food. The international nutrition community is interested in obtaining approval for the use of sodium iron(III) EDTA (NaFeEDTA) for dietary iron fortification because of its high iron bioavailability, its enhancement of intrinsic food iron uptake, and its stability under storage and food preparation conditions. A major concern in the United States has been the presumed extensive use of EDTA in the American food supply. Recently, an update of the estimated exposure to EDTA suggests that the exposure is much lower than previously assumed. This reduction may allow new uses of NaFeEDTA in food. The following issues are discussed in relation to the possible use of NaFeEDTA: toxicological profile of EDTA compounds, acceptable daily intake of EDTA, and estimated daily intake of EDTA in the United States. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Whittaker, P AU - Vanderveen, JE AU - Dinovi, MJ AU - Kuznesof, P M AU - Dunkel, V C AD - Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 419 EP - 427 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - edetate disodium KW - edetate calcium disodium KW - health KW - man KW - government policy KW - FDA KW - federal regulations KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - USA KW - safety KW - food additives KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16605809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Toxicological+profile%2C+current+use%2C+and+regulatory+issues+on+EDTA+compounds+for+assessing+use+of+sodium+iron+EDTA+for+food+fortification&rft.au=Whittaker%2C+P%3BVanderveen%2C+JE%3BDinovi%2C+MJ%3BKuznesof%2C+P+M%3BDunkel%2C+V+C&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; food additives; safety; federal regulations; health; man; government policy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serious flaws in the horizontal approach to biotechnology risk AN - 16604972; 3667106 AB - Biotechnology has been widely applied for millennia for many beneficial purposes, including introductions of microorganisms and new plant varieties into the environment. The precision and power of the genetic manipulation of both macroorganisms and microorganisms have greatly increased in recent decades with the advances of molecular genetics. International organizations and professional groups that have explored assumptions about risk assessment of the new techniques have reached a wide consensus that risk is primarily a function of the characteristics of a product (whether it is inert or a living organism) rather than the use of genetic modification (1). This consensus is based less on empirical data than on extrapolation from general scientific principles, especially those derived from our knowledge of the biological world and evolutionary biology. These principles should serve as a guide to public policies governing the new biotechnology, including those that concern health and safety regulation. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Miller, H I AU - Gunary, D AD - Off. Biotechnol., U.S. FDA, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1500 EP - 1501 VL - 262 IS - 5139 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - biotechnology KW - government policy KW - safety regulations KW - risk assessment KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33000:General topics and reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16604972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Serious+flaws+in+the+horizontal+approach+to+biotechnology+risk&rft.au=Miller%2C+H+I%3BGunary%2C+D&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=262&rft.issue=5139&rft.spage=1500&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - government policy; biotechnology; safety regulations; risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potency testing of bacterial vaccines for human use AN - 16599057; 3656993 AB - The potency tests for bacterial vaccines are quite diverse. For some products (pertussis, cholera, anthrax, typhoid and BCG vaccines) these are specified as Additional Standards in the Code of Federal Regulations. For other products (tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, plague vaccine) the testing is done according to so-called Minimum Requirements, which have less regulatory authority than Additional Standards. Still other products (e.g., polysaccharide conjugate vaccines, acellular pertussis vaccine, live oral typhoid) are tested according to individualized criteria that are contained in their specific Product License Applications. For some products there is inadequate knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms and/or protective factors to design valid in vitro potency tests. In these cases, animal testing with subsequent serologic evaluation or challenge testing is often necessary. Examples would include vaccines such as cholera and plague vaccines. The FDA supports the elimination of animal testing when suitable alternatives are available. Thus, many of the potency tests, especially for newer products, rely on in vivo characterization. For example, the immunogenicity of conventional polysaccharide vaccines is largely proportional to their molecular weight. Potency testing therefore relies heavily on physical characterization in terms of composition, molecular weight, and quantity. JF - Veterinary Microbiology AU - Habig, W H AD - FDA, CBER, HFB-601, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 343 EP - 351 VL - 37 IS - 3-4 SN - 0378-1135, 0378-1135 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - vaccines KW - pertussis KW - immunogenicity KW - serological tests KW - efficacy KW - standards KW - government policy KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - cholera KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - BCG KW - man KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - A 01099:Bacteria and fungi KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16599057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Potency+testing+of+bacterial+vaccines+for+human+use&rft.au=Habig%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Habig&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=343&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Microbiology&rft.issn=03781135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - government policy; standards; cholera; vaccines; BCG; immunogenicity; pertussis; efficacy; serological tests; man; Vibrio cholerae; Bordetella pertussis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Examination of alpha -carbonyl derivatives of nitrosodimethylamine and ethylnitrosomethylamine as putative proximate carcinogens. AN - 16594939; 2989539 AB - Metabolites produced by enzymic oxidation are believed to be responsible for the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of N-nitrosamines. Although alpha -hydroxy compounds are often considered, a related and more stable oxidation product, the alpha -carbonyl compound, was studied here. The alpha -carbonyl derivatives of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and ethylnitrosomethylamine (oxidized at either the methyl or the ethyl group) were synthesized. The derivatives were methylnitrosoformamide (MNFA), ethylnitrosoformamide (ENFA) and methylnitrosoacetamide (MNAA). These compounds were then studied as potential toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic intermediates. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Elespuru, R K AU - Saavedra, JE AU - Kovatch, R M AU - Lijinsky, W AD - U.S. FDA, Mol. Biol. Branch, HFZ-113, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1189 EP - 1193 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - alpha -carbonyl KW - N-nitrosodimethylamine KW - ethylnitrosomethylamine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - carcinogens KW - carcinogenicity KW - derivatives KW - mutagenicity KW - X 24200:Nitrosamines & related compounds UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16594939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Examination+of+alpha+-carbonyl+derivatives+of+nitrosodimethylamine+and+ethylnitrosomethylamine+as+putative+proximate+carcinogens.&rft.au=Elespuru%2C+R+K%3BSaavedra%2C+JE%3BKovatch%2C+R+M%3BLijinsky%2C+W&rft.aulast=Elespuru&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carcinogens; derivatives; carcinogenicity; mutagenicity ER - TY - CONF T1 - Identification of irradiated foods by monitoring radiolytically produced hydrocarbons. AN - 16592281; 63447 AB - Many countries allow the treatment of foods with low doses of ionizing radiation to reduce microbial and insect infestations, inhibit maturation, and extend shelf life. Therefore, a reliable method is needed to identify irradiated foods and to determine their compliance with respect to allowable absorbed radiation dose. Several approaches for the identification of irradiated foods have been developed such as measurement of radiolytic products, chemiluminescence, and thermoluminescence, and the use of electron spin resonance spectroscopy to measure free radicals trapped in bone. A method for the determination of radiolytically produced hydrocarbons was developed in our laboratory to evaluate the utility of monitoring these compounds as indicators of food irradiation. The method involves the extraction of the radiolytic hydrocarbons from foods and their quantitation by gas chromatography. Concentrations of the radiolytically produced hydrocarbons increased linearly with radiation doses ranging from 0 to 6 kGy. The limit of detection appears to be approximately 1 kGy. The method was found to be useful for the identification of gamma-irradiated foods such as shrimp, frog legs, pork, beef, and poultry. Results of the method evaluation studies of these food matrices as well as factors affecting hydrocarbon production and determination will be presented. JF - Radiation Physics and Chemistry AU - Morehouse, Kim M AU - Ku, Yuoh Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 359 EP - 362 VL - 42 IS - 1-3 pt 1 KW - Gamma irradiated foods KW - Gamma rays KW - Meats KW - Radiation detectors KW - Radiation effects KW - Radiolytic hydrocarbons KW - Sterilization (cleaning) KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Extraction KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Gas chromatography KW - Dosimetry KW - Decomposition KW - W4 932.1:HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 802.3:CHEMICAL OPERATIONS KW - W4 944.8:RADIATION MEASUREMENTS KW - W4 822.2:FOOD PROCESSING OPERATIONS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 622.2:RADIATION EFFECTS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16592281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+Physics+and+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Identification+of+irradiated+foods+by+monitoring+radiolytically+produced+hydrocarbons.&rft.au=Morehouse%2C+Kim+M%3BKu%2C+Yuoh&rft.aulast=Morehouse&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1-3+pt+1&rft.spage=359&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+Physics+and+Chemistry&rft.issn=01465724&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - summary of recent findings on occupational lung disease in US underground coal mines. AN - 16591052; 63967 AB - During 1992 a number of papers were published on aspects of respiratory disease in US underground coal miners. These included reports on trends in prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis, the risks of developing coal workers' pneumoconiosis in relation to dust exposure, and the relationship between lung disease other than pneumoconiosis and dust exposure. The intent of this paper is to provide a summary of the essential findings from these investigations. JF - SME, LITTLETON, CO (USA). pp. 513-516. 1993. AU - Attfield, MD Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 4 EP - 516 PB - SME, LITTLETON, CO (USA) SN - 0873351185 KW - Coal miners KW - Dust exposure effects KW - Health hazards KW - Massive fibrosis KW - Mine dust KW - Pneumoconiosis KW - Pulmonary diseases KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Occupational diseases KW - W4 451.1:AIR POLLUTION SOURCES KW - W4 914.1:ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENT PREVENTION KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 461.7:HEALTH CARE KW - W4 503.1:COAL MINES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16591052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Attfield%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Attfield&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=513&rft.isbn=0873351185&rft.btitle=summary+of+recent+findings+on+occupational+lung+disease+in+US+underground+coal+mines.&rft.title=summary+of+recent+findings+on+occupational+lung+disease+in+US+underground+coal+mines.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - PAT T1 - Monoclonal antibodies and method for identifying different AIDS-related viruses. AN - 16589643; 3021113 AB - A hybridoma cell line selected from the group consisting of R1C7 or A4F6. AU - Minassian, A A AU - Popovic, M AU - Gallo, R C PY - 1993 IS - US Patent 5,254,457 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - patents KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - V 22003:AIDS: Immunological aspects KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16589643?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Monoclonal+antibodies+and+method+for+identifying+different+AIDS-related+viruses.&rft.au=Minassian%2C+A+A%3BPopovic%2C+M%3BGallo%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Minassian&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 435/5; Int. Cl. C12Q 1/70; C12N 5/00; A61K 35/14; C07K 3/00. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA single- and double-strand breaks produced by ferric nitrilotriacetate in relation to renal tubular carcinogenesis. AN - 16577352; 3008040 AB - Fe(III) bound to a chelator, nitrilotriacetate (NTA), has been reported to induce a high frequency of adenocarcinoma localized to the proximal tubules of the kidney in rodents. In order to examine possible mechanisms for the carcinogenic activity, we investigated the in vitro production of single- and double-strand breaks in DNA mediated by iron alone or Fe-NTA chelate using supercoiled plasmid pZ189. Neither Fe(III) nor NTA alone broke DNA. Fe(III) plus NTA together mediated the efficient oxidative production of DNA single-and double-strand breaks in the presence of reducing agents (ascorbate >> H sub(2)O sub(2) > cysteine). The Fe(III):NTA ratio (1:4) that was found to be optimal for DNA strand breakage was similar to the ratio that produced adenocarcinomas in rodents. Maximal Fe-NTA-mediated DNA damage in vitro was induced under conditions of neutral pH, low ionic strength, presence of reducing agent and absence of albumin. These conditions are present exclusively in the cortical proximal tubules of the kidney, the only location where toxicity and carcinogenicity of Fe-NTA has been observed. Thus, localized DNA damage may explain the anatomic site preferred by Fe-NTA-induced carcinogenesis. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Toyokuni, S AU - Sagripanti, J-L AD - Mol. Biol. Branch, Off. Sci. and Technol., Cent. Devices and Radiol. Health, FDA, 12709 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 223 EP - 227 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - ferric nitrolotriacetate KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - carcinogenesis KW - breaks KW - DNA KW - plasmids KW - kidney KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16577352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=DNA+single-+and+double-strand+breaks+produced+by+ferric+nitrilotriacetate+in+relation+to+renal+tubular+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Toyokuni%2C+S%3BSagripanti%2C+J-L&rft.aulast=Toyokuni&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA; breaks; plasmids; kidney; carcinogenesis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transgenic PVR Tg-1 mice for testing of poliovirus type 3 neurovirulence: Comparison with monkey test AN - 16571132; 3643498 AB - Transgenic mice susceptible to poliovirus were recently produced by two groups of investigators. In this study, we compared the sensitivity of PVR Tg-1 transgenic mice and rhesus monkeys to poliovirus type 3. We found that intracerebrally inoculated Tg-1 mice are able to differentiate wild-type strain from attenuated strains and from a vaccine revertant. However, this mouse system can not discriminate between live poliovirus vaccine lots which passed the intraspinal (i.s.) monkey neurovirulence safety test (WHO) and those that failed. Unlike the monkey test which can detect as failed those vaccine lots which possess above 1% revertants at the 472 (U arrow right C) position, the test in Tg-1 mice inoculated intracerebrally (i.c.) did not recognize virus preparations containing even three percent revertants. Thus, the PVR Tg-1 i.c. mouse model is suitable for epidemiological and other virological studies, but it does not appear to be useful for neurovirulence testing of live poliovirus vaccines. A solution to the latter may be found in the use of a more sensitive i.s. route of inoculation of PVR Tg mice. JF - Biologicals AU - Dragunsky, E AU - Gardner, D AU - Taffs, R AU - Levenbook, I AD - Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 233 EP - 237 VL - 21 IS - 3 SN - 1045-1056, 1045-1056 KW - Macaca rhesus KW - poliovirus 3 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - susceptibility KW - neurovirulence KW - transgenic mice KW - animal models KW - V 22150:Animal models & experimentally-induced viral infections KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33055:Genetic engineering (general) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16571132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biologicals&rft.atitle=Transgenic+PVR+Tg-1+mice+for+testing+of+poliovirus+type+3+neurovirulence%3A+Comparison+with+monkey+test&rft.au=Dragunsky%2C+E%3BGardner%2C+D%3BTaffs%2C+R%3BLevenbook%2C+I&rft.aulast=Dragunsky&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biologicals&rft.issn=10451056&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; neurovirulence; susceptibility; animal models; transgenic mice ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin-mediated cell adherence with monoclonal antibodies. AN - 16570171; 2989397 AB - Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), a 220-kDa protein located on the surface of Bordetella pertussis , is one of the major cell adhesins of this bacterium. We have produced three hybridoma cell lines that express monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against FHA: X3C, X3E and X4B. The anti-FHA mAbs X3C and X3E reacted with 220-kDa and 98-kDa FHA protein bands on Western blots. The mAb X4B, which reacted with FHA in ELISA, did not bind to FHA in a Western blot assay. All three mAbs seemed to be directed to the same epitope or to epitopes in close proximity as suggested by competition ELISAs. All three mAbs were able to inhibit the adherence of Chinese hamster ovary cells to purified FHA, and they could also inhibit the FHA-mediated agglutination of goose red blood cells. The attachment of B. pertussis to epithelial cell monolayers was inhibited by the mAb X3C. These antibodies are very useful probes to identify the presence of FHA in bordetellae species and in clinical reagents such as pertussis vaccines, and to characterize the functional domains of this important bacterial adhesin. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Leininger, E AU - Probst, P G AU - Brennan, MJ AU - Kenimer, J G AD - Div. Bact. Products Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 31 EP - 38 VL - 106 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - FHA protein KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - hemagglutinins KW - cell surface KW - inhibition KW - pertussis KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - cell adhesion KW - antigens KW - F 06008:Bacteria KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16570171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+Bordetella+pertussis+filamentous+hemagglutinin-mediated+cell+adherence+with+monoclonal+antibodies.&rft.au=Leininger%2C+E%3BProbst%2C+P+G%3BBrennan%2C+MJ%3BKenimer%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Leininger&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; cell adhesion; hemagglutinins; monoclonal antibodies; inhibition; cell surface; pertussis; antigens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preparation, characterization, and immunogenicity of meningococcal lipooligosaccharide-derived oligosaccharide-protein conjugates. AN - 16548625; 2977980 AB - A method was developed for coupling carboxylic acid-containing oligosaccharides (OS) to proteins. An OS was isolated from Neisseria meningitidis group A strain A1 lipooligosaccharide (LOS). This LOS has no human glycolipid-like lacto-N-neotetraose structure and contains multiple immunotypes, including L8, found in group B and C strains. The carboxylic acid at 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid of the OS was linked through adipic acid dihydrazide to tetanus toxoid. The molar ratio of the OS to tetanus toxoid in three conjugates ranged from 11:1 to 19:1. The antigenicity of the OS was conserved in these conjugates, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an inhibition ELISA with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to A1 LOS. These conjugates induced immunoglobulin G antibodies to A1 LOS in mice and rabbits. The immunogenicity of the conjugates in rabbits was enhanced by use of monophosphoryl lipid A plus trehalose dimycolate as an adjuvant. The resulting rabbit antisera cross-reacted with most of 12 prototype LOSs and with LOSs from two group B disease strains, 44/76 and BB431, in an ELISA and in Western blotting (immunoblotting), which revealed a 3.6-kDa reactive band in these LOSs. The rabbit antisera showed bactericidal activity against homologous strain A1 and heterologous strains 44/76 and BB431. These results indicate that conjugates derived from A1 LOS can induce antibodies against many LOS immunotypes from different organism serogroups, including group B. OS-protein conjugates derived from meningococcal LOSs may therefore be candidate vaccines to prevent meningitis caused by meningococci. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Gu, X-X AU - Tsai, C-M AD - Cent. Biol. Eval. Res., FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1873 EP - 1880 VL - 61 IS - 5 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - oligosaccharides KW - lipooligosaccharides KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - characterization KW - immunogenicity KW - conjugates KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - proteins KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02730:Carbohydrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16548625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Preparation%2C+characterization%2C+and+immunogenicity+of+meningococcal+lipooligosaccharide-derived+oligosaccharide-protein+conjugates.&rft.au=Gu%2C+X-X%3BTsai%2C+C-M&rft.aulast=Gu&rft.aufirst=X-X&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1873&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; immunogenicity; characterization; proteins; conjugates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the azoreductase and nitroreductase from Clostridium perfringens . AN - 16540534; 2976236 AB - The purified azoreductase and nitroreductase of Clostridium perfringens , which have similar electrophoretic properties, both reacted in a Western blot (immunoblot) with a polyclonal antibody raised against the azoreductase. The activity of both enzymes was enhanced by flavin adenine dinucleotide and was inhibited by menadione, o-iodosobenzoic acid, and the antibody against azoreductase. Reduction of the azo dye Direct Blue 15 by the azoreductase was inhibited by nitroaromatic compounds. The apparent K sub(m) of the enzyme for reduction of Direct Blue 15 in the present of 1-nitropyrene was higher than the K sub(m) with the azo dye alone, demonstrating competitive inhibition. The data show that the same protein is involved in the reduction of both azo dyes and nitroaromatic compounds. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Rafii, F AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Div. Microbiol., Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1731 EP - 1734 VL - 59 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - azobenzene reductase KW - nitroreductase KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - enzymatic activity KW - comparison KW - A 01006:Enzymes & cofactors KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16540534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+azoreductase+and+nitroreductase+from+Clostridium+perfringens+.&rft.au=Rafii%2C+F%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Rafii&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium perfringens; enzymatic activity; comparison ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a stress protein from group B Neisseria meningitidis . AN - 16539857; 2974933 AB - Increased levels of a 65-kDa stress protein (Msp65) were observed in group B Neisseria meningitidis grown under stationary-growth conditions. Electron microscopy showed two apposing rings of seven subunits, a structure typical of Escherichia coli GroEL. Msp65 was not found in either the periplasmic space or the outer membrane. Several important differences between the GroEL analogs of N. meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are discussed. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Arakere, G AU - Kessel, M AU - Nguyen, N AU - Frasch, CE AD - Div. Bact. Prod., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 3664 EP - 3668 VL - 175 IS - 11 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - characterization KW - stress KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - electron microscopy KW - proteins KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16539857?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+stress+protein+from+group+B+Neisseria+meningitidis+.&rft.au=Arakere%2C+G%3BKessel%2C+M%3BNguyen%2C+N%3BFrasch%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Arakere&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3664&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; stress; proteins; characterization; electron microscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National survey of self-reported breast implants: 1988 estimates. AN - 16536081; 48203 AB - This report provides the first population-based national estimates of the prevalence of adult women with breast implants in the U.S. These findings are based on the Medical Device Implant Supplement to the 1988 National Health Interview Survey. The overall prevalence was 33 implant recipients (95% confidence limits (CL): 26 to 40) per 10,000 women. Almost three-fourths had two implants; prevalence peaked at 85 (59 to 110) per 10,000 for women aged 35 to 44 years. Implant prevalence was statistically significantly greater among women who were white, residents of the south and west, had higher family income, and had more education, who worked, or were slim. Among current implants, 87% were original. Complications were reported for 24% of the implants. JF - Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants AU - Bright, Roselie A AU - Jeng, Lana L AU - Moore, Roscoe MJr AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 81 EP - 89 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1050-6934, 1050-6934 KW - Breast implants KW - Population statistics KW - Silicones KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Epidemiology KW - Surveys KW - W4 462.5:BIOMATERIALS KW - W4 922:STATISTICAL METHODS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 462.4:PROSTHETICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16536081?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Long-Term+Effects+of+Medical+Implants&rft.atitle=National+survey+of+self-reported+breast+implants%3A+1988+estimates.&rft.au=Bright%2C+Roselie+A%3BJeng%2C+Lana+L%3BMoore%2C+Roscoe+MJr&rft.aulast=Bright&rft.aufirst=Roselie&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Long-Term+Effects+of+Medical+Implants&rft.issn=10506934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Epidemiology; Surveys ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Worker awareness of exposure: Industries and occupations with low awareness. AN - 16530277; 2955268 AB - A goal of occupational health is to inform workers of hazards on their jobs. This analysis addresses this goal by identifying industries and occupations with low worker awareness of potential exposures. Industries and occupations were ranked by the greatest positive difference between the proportion of workers exposed and proportion perceiving exposure to chemical and physical hazards. Those with low awareness had the greatest difference, i.e., high exposure and low perception. This analysis was performed by adding exposure data from a national exposure survey to a national health survey with perceived exposure data. The hospital and construction industries and occupations in these industries ranked among the top five for all hazards. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Behrens, V J AU - Brackbill, R M AD - NIOSH Taft Lab. M.S. R-21, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 695 EP - 701 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - radiation KW - noise levels KW - chemicals KW - hazards KW - industries KW - vibration KW - occupational exposure KW - H SI0.9.8:NOISE (VIBRATION) KW - H SI0.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16530277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Worker+awareness+of+exposure%3A+Industries+and+occupations+with+low+awareness.&rft.au=Behrens%2C+V+J%3BBrackbill%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Behrens&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=695&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational exposure; hazards; chemicals; vibration; radiation; noise levels; industries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychophysically determined work durations for limiting shoulder girdle fatigue from elevated manual work. AN - 16527374; 2954819 AB - An early symptom of many soft tissue disorders is excessive muscle fatigue during manual work. This study adopted a psychophysical approach to determine work durations for limiting shoulder-girdle fatigue. In a series of four experiments, each subject monitored his/her level of arm/shoulder discomfort while performing a task requiring repetitive, elevated arm movements. Over the course of a short (3-6 hr) work day, the subject terminated each trial, initiating a 1-min rest period, when the discomfort reached a pre-specified level on Borg's 10-point category-ratio scale. Average trial durations decreased minimally or remained stable over the work day. Nevertheless, increases in task loading variables, including repetition rate, required force, tool weight and reach height, each led to significant decreases in work duration. (Average trial durations associated with varying levels of work demand ranged from 29 to 160 sec.) Rate and force of movement had the largest effects on work duration. The effects of reach height and tool weight were small by comparison. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Putz-Anderson, V AU - Galinsky, T L AD - NIOSH, Mail Stop C-24, Robert Taft Lab., 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 19 EP - 28 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - repetitive work KW - musculoskeletal system KW - fatigue KW - trauma KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - ergonomics KW - occupational health KW - H SM9.42:BODY TISSUE INJURIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16527374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Psychophysically+determined+work+durations+for+limiting+shoulder+girdle+fatigue+from+elevated+manual+work.&rft.au=Putz-Anderson%2C+V%3BGalinsky%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Putz-Anderson&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational health; ergonomics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing exposures during the pouring operations of a brass foundry. AN - 16506310; 2953314 AB - The focus of this exposure assessment and control technology study was a brass foundry and the lead exposures of workers involved in the transportation and pouring of metal. Controls in place at the foundry included ventilation systems at the furnace and along the continuous and stationary pouring lines. Real-time measurements were made to determine which tasks were the primary exposure sources, and a handheld aerosol monitor was used to measure real-time aerosol exposures (as a surrogate for lead) in the workers' breathing zones. Data were collected over two 30-min sampling periods while worker activities were monitored using a video camera. Analysis of the data showed that the greatest aerosol exposures occurred during the transportation of an unventilated, full ladle, resulting in an average concentration of at least twice that of the other tasks. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Edmonds, MA AU - Gressel, M G AU - O'Brien, D M AU - Clark, N J AD - Dep. Health and Human Serv., NIOSH, Div. Phys. Sci. and Eng., 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 260 EP - 266 VL - 54 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - foundries KW - lead KW - brass KW - air quality KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - ventilation KW - fumes KW - occupational exposure KW - metals KW - industries KW - aerosols KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H SI2.26:FOUNDRIES KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16506310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Reducing+exposures+during+the+pouring+operations+of+a+brass+foundry.&rft.au=Edmonds%2C+MA%3BGressel%2C+M+G%3BO%27Brien%2C+D+M%3BClark%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Edmonds&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - foundries; occupational exposure; lead; aerosols; ventilation; metals; fumes; air quality; industries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pathological and immunological effects of ingesting L-tryptophan and 1,1'-ethylidenebis (L-tryptophan) in Lewis rats. AN - 16496609; 2945193 AB - The eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) has been associated with ingestion of L-tryptophan (L-TRP) produced by a single manufacturer. Epidemiological data implicated 1,1'-ethylidenebis (L-tryptophan) (EBT) (peak 97 or peak E) as a possible etiologic agent. We showed previously that Lewis rats treated with the L-TRP implicated in EMS develop fascitis and perimyositis similar to those seen in human EMS. We now report the pathology associated with the treatment of Lewis rats with synthetic EBT and/or L-TRP. Although the results demonstrate for the first time the pathological effects of EBT, they do not rule out the possibility that other impurities in the EMS-case-associated L-TRP may also contribute to some of the features of EMS. JF - Journal of Clinical Investigation AU - Love, LA AU - Rader, JI AU - Crofford, L J AU - Raybourne, R B AU - Principato, MA AU - Page, S W AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Smith, MJ AU - Dugan, E M AD - FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Build. 29, Rm. 507, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 804 EP - 811 VL - 91 IS - 3 SN - 0021-9738, 0021-9738 KW - Lewis KW - L-tryptophan KW - 1,1'-ethylidenebis (L-tryptophan) KW - rats KW - tryptophan KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - immune status KW - pharmacology KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16496609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Investigation&rft.atitle=Pathological+and+immunological+effects+of+ingesting+L-tryptophan+and+1%2C1%27-ethylidenebis+%28L-tryptophan%29+in+Lewis+rats.&rft.au=Love%2C+LA%3BRader%2C+JI%3BCrofford%2C+L+J%3BRaybourne%2C+R+B%3BPrincipato%2C+MA%3BPage%2C+S+W%3BTrucksess%2C+M+W%3BSmith%2C+MJ%3BDugan%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Love&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=804&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Investigation&rft.issn=00219738&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pharmacology; immune status ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A model for correcting workplace protection factors for lung deposition and other effects. AN - 16496513; 2941862 AB - The Workplace Protection Factor (WPF) is a measure of the protection provided by an industrial respirator against a challenge agent. It is traditionally defined as the ratio of the ambient contaminant concentration (C sub(o)) in a worker's breathing zone to the in-facepiece contaminant concentration (C sub(i)) that occurs during inhalation, and is determined by simultaneous concentration measurements during the time the respirator is worn. There are several sources of particulate loss that result in the overestimation of the true WPF. A model is presented to "estimate" these losses so that an adjusted or "unbiased" WPF can be calculated. This model requires three measurements: C sub(o), C sub(i), and the ambient aerodynamic mass frequency particle size distribution (PSD). Both C sub(o) and C sub(i) are expressed in units of "mass per unit volume". JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Hewett, P AU - Pallay, B G AU - Gamble, J F AD - NIOSH, 944 Chestnut Ridge Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 142 EP - 149 VL - 54 IS - 4 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - monitoring measurements KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - air pollution KW - respirators KW - occupational safety KW - particle size KW - inhalation KW - lung KW - protective equipment KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H SI0.13:INSTRUMENTATION, DEVICES AND CONTROLS KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16496513?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=A+model+for+correcting+workplace+protection+factors+for+lung+deposition+and+other+effects.&rft.au=Hewett%2C+P%3BPallay%2C+B+G%3BGamble%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Hewett&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational safety; protective equipment; respirators; lung; particle size; inhalation; air pollution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proposal for converting "total" dust limits to inhalable and thoracic dust limits. AN - 16487398; 2935460 AB - One step in the implementation of new particle size-selective sampling definitions of inhalable, thoracic, and respirable dust that are becoming internationally accepted is the establishment of appropriate limits on the concentrations of airborne dusts. The preferable approach is to analyze toxicological and epidemiological studies that incorporate sufficient particle size information to obtain particle size-selective dust limits directly. In the absence of such information but with sufficient information about the collection efficiency of the current "total" dust sampler and about the range of workplace aerosol size distributions for the material being considered, there is a rational approach to converting current "total" dust limits to approximately equivalent inhalable or thoracic dust limits, which is described briefly. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Soderholm, S C AD - NIOSH, 944 Chestnut Ridge Rd., Morgan Town, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 453 EP - 457 VL - 8 IS - 5 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - monitoring measurements KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - measuring methods KW - air sampling KW - particle size KW - inhalation KW - dust KW - sampling methods KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H SI0.8.7:DUST UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16487398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Proposal+for+converting+%22total%22+dust+limits+to+inhalable+and+thoracic+dust+limits.&rft.au=Soderholm%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Soderholm&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - dust; air sampling; inhalation; particle size; sampling methods; measuring methods ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Replication and physical parameters important for preparing purified Junin virus. AN - 16481746; 2929361 AB - Junin virus (JV) is an Arenavirus and the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), an often fatal human disease. The attenuated strain XJ-clone 3 (XJC13) of JV, after being tested in humans, has been considered a promising vaccine. We found that synthesis of JV XJC13 reaches a peak 2 days after infection and the kinetics of synthesis are little affected by the multiplicity of infection (MOI) in a range from 0.125 to 1.00. Virus synthesis is sensitive to actinomycin D, indicating that cellular biosynthesis is required for viral replication. Combined precipitation and ultracentrifugation of supernatant from virus-infected cells yielded large amounts of concentrated and purified virion that banded in sucrose as a single peak with average density 1.177 plus or minus 0.015 g/ml. Purified virions have an average diameter of 203 plus or minus 23 nm by electron microscopy and an average sedimentation coefficient of 454 plus or minus 27 S. The results from the present study should assist in the preparation of large amounts of attenuated Junin virus which are required for vaccination against and diagnosis of Argentine hemorrhagic fever. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Bushar, G AU - Sagripanti, J-L AD - Mol. Biol. Branch, CDRH, FDA, 12709 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 147 EP - 156 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Junin virus KW - preparation KW - argentine hemorrhagic fever KW - purification KW - vaccination KW - V 22021:Virus purification & preparation KW - A 01097:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16481746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Replication+and+physical+parameters+important+for+preparing+purified+Junin+virus.&rft.au=Bushar%2C+G%3BSagripanti%2C+J-L&rft.aulast=Bushar&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Junin virus; argentine hemorrhagic fever; purification; preparation; vaccination ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduction of azo dyes during in vitro percutaneous absorption. AN - 16481085; 2934007 AB - The azoreduction of phenylazo-2-naphthol (Sudan I), 5-(phenylazo)-6-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid (aniline subsidiary color of FD&C Yellow No. 6 (ANSC)), and phenylazophenol (Solvent Yellow 7 (SY7)) in skin during percutaneous absorption was measured and the contributions of cytosolic and microsomal reductions were characterized. By using a series of azo dyes with a common U- super(14)C-labeled phenylazo moiety, percutaneous absorption and metabolism were measured in vitro in flow-through diffusion cells with Sencar mouse, hairless guinea pig, and human skin. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Collier, S W AU - Storm, JE AU - Bronaugh, R L AD - Div. Toxicol. Stud., FDA, 200 C St., SW, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 73 EP - 79 VL - 118 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - azo KW - azo dyes KW - mice KW - guinea-pigs KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - absorption KW - modulation KW - toxicity KW - metabolism KW - reduction KW - man KW - skin KW - dyes KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16481085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Reduction+of+azo+dyes+during+in+vitro+percutaneous+absorption.&rft.au=Collier%2C+S+W%3BStorm%2C+JE%3BBronaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Collier&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=73&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reduction; skin; absorption; metabolism; toxicity; modulation; man; dyes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of metabolites from the degradation of fluoranthene by Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1. AN - 16459586; 2925803 AB - Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1, previously shown to extensively mineralize high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in pure culture and in sediments, degrades fluoranthene to 9-fluorenone-1-carboxylic acid. In this study, 10 other fluoranthene metabolites were isolated from ethyl acetate extracts of the culture medium by thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. On the basis of comparisons with authentic compounds by UV spectrophotometry and thin-layer chromatography as well as gas chromatography-mass spectral and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses, the metabolites were identified as 8-hydroxy-7-methoxyfluoranthene, 9-hydroxyfluorene, 9-fluorenone, 1-acenaphthenone, 9-hydroxy-1-fluorenecarboxylic acid, phthalic acid, 2-carboxybenzaldehyde, benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, and adipic acid. Authentic 9-hydroxyfluorene and 9-fluorenone were metabolized by Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1. A pathway for the catabolism of fluoranthene by Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1 is proposed. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Kelley, I AU - Freeman, J P AU - Evans, F E AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 800 EP - 806 VL - 59 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - fluoranthene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - biodegradation KW - Mycobacterium KW - identification KW - products KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16459586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+metabolites+from+the+degradation+of+fluoranthene+by+Mycobacterium+sp.+strain+PYR-1.&rft.au=Kelley%2C+I%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Kelley&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=800&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biodegradation; identification; products; Mycobacterium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - dlk, A putative mammalian homeotic gene differentially expressed in small cell lung carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumor cell line. AN - 16459330; 2920921 AB - Gastrin releasing peptide is mitogenic for mouse Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts and certain human small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells but not for mouse Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts. To identify new molecules associated with the gastrin releasing peptide-responsive phenotype, clones isolated from a differential cDNA library between Swiss and Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts were used to screen for their expression in human SCLC cell lines. Using this approach, we have isolated and characterized human and mouse cDNA clones encoding a novel protein. This protein is a putative transmembrane protein belonging to the epidermal growth factor-like superfamily. In vitro transcription and translation studies detect a 42-kDa protein, in agreement with the size predicted from the translated cDNA sequence. This protein (termed Delta-like or dlk) is highly homologous to invertebrate homeotic proteins, including Delta, and Notch, the products of neurogenic loci involved in normal neural differentiation in Drosophila . dlk is expressed in tumors with neuroendocrine features, such as neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, and a subset of SCLC cell lines. Its expression in normal tissues is restricted to the adrenal gland and placenta. The data suggest that dlk may be involved in neuroendocrine differentiation and, because of its cellular location and restricted expression in normal tissues, it may be a potential therapeutic target in neuroendocrine tumors, particularly SCLC. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Laborda, J AU - Sausville, E A AU - Hoffman, T AU - Notario, V AD - Cent. Biol. and Res., FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Build. 29, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 3817 EP - 3820 VL - 268 IS - 6 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Delta-like protein KW - amino acid sequence KW - cDNA KW - carcinoma KW - cell lines KW - cloning KW - differentiation KW - dlk gene KW - expression KW - genes KW - man KW - mice KW - neuroendocrine KW - predictions KW - small cell lung KW - tumours KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07398:GENERAL UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16459330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=dlk%2C+A+putative+mammalian+homeotic+gene+differentially+expressed+in+small+cell+lung+carcinoma+and+neuroendocrine+tumor+cell+line.&rft.au=Laborda%2C+J%3BSausville%2C+E+A%3BHoffman%2C+T%3BNotario%2C+V&rft.aulast=Laborda&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - expression; cloning; cDNA; genes; amino acid sequence; differentiation; man; cell lines; carcinoma ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A 36-kilodalton tumor-derived factor with myeloid immunomodulator activity. AN - 16451908; 2919933 AB - The conditioned medium from the epidermal carcinoma cell line A431 is shown to inhibit the growth of three human myeloid leukemic cell lines. We have purified to homogeneity from this conditioned medium a 36-kDa protein, as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which inhibits ( super(3)H)thymidine incorporation into the DNA and induces cell surface expression of CD11b, the alpha chain of the adhesion receptor MAC-1, on the human promyelocytic leukemic cell line HL-60. This factor was purified by sequential anion exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and gel permeation chromatography. Amino acid sequence analysis of two tryptic fragments of the purified material showed greater than 95% homology with sequences 179-194 and 319-328 of the M chain of human L-lactate dehydrogenase alone exhibits no activities associated with the purified 36-kDa protein, brief acid treatment which has been shown to yield predominantly monomeric lactate dehydrogenase-M sub(1) results in about 50% of the maximal antiproliferative activity of that induced by this factor. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Packard, B Z AU - Komoriya, A AD - Build. 29A-Rm. 3B22, DCB, CBER, FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 6356 EP - 6363 VL - 268 IS - 9 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - amino acid sequence KW - cancer cells KW - function KW - isolation KW - man KW - modulation KW - myeloid KW - tumor-derived factor KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16451908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=A+36-kilodalton+tumor-derived+factor+with+myeloid+immunomodulator+activity.&rft.au=Packard%2C+B+Z%3BKomoriya%2C+A&rft.aulast=Packard&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=6356&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nucleotide sequence analysis of the ribosomal S12 gene of Mycobacterium intracellulare . AN - 16446929; 2919349 AB - To examine the mechanisms of drug resistance in the M. avium complex, studies aimed at elucidating drug targets in mycobacteria have been initiated. In prokaryotes and in plant chloroplasts, resistance to streptomycin, an important antimycobacterial drug, is often conferred by mutations in the ribosomal S12 protein. The S12 protein is an essential ribosomal component which regulates translational fidelity and controls translational initiation. The M. intracellulare S12 gene was cloned by first using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify an internal S12 gene fragment. The PCR primers were designed from conserved nucleotide sequences within the homologous Micrococcus luteus and E. coli genes. A M. intracellulare chromosomal fragment containing the entire S12 gene was subsequently identified by screening a M. intracellulare lambda gt11 library with DNA probes generated from the PCR product. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the M. intracellulare S12 gene reveals a 372 bp open reading frame which encodes a 124 amino acid protein. JF - Nucleic Acids Research AU - Nair, J AU - Rouse, D AU - Morris, S AD - Lab. Mycobacteria, Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., U.S. FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1039 VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0305-1048, 0305-1048 KW - Mycobacterium sequence KW - amino acid sequence KW - genes KW - nucleotide sequence KW - predictions KW - ribosomal protein S12 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16446929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+analysis+of+the+ribosomal+S12+gene+of+Mycobacterium+intracellulare+.&rft.au=Nair%2C+J%3BRouse%2C+D%3BMorris%2C+S&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1039&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nucleic+Acids+Research&rft.issn=03051048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; amino acid sequence; genes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory illness in workers of an indoor shiitake mushroom farm. AN - 16442747; 2916541 AB - Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes ), the second most important mushroom in world commerce, are usually grown on logs outdoors. Because of the relatively short harvesting period was weather dependency of shiitake strains that are cultivated outdoors, there is a trend toward indoor cultivation of strains that can permit year-round production. An evaluation of an indoor shiitake farm was conducted following reports that workers of the facility were experiencing symptoms of respiratory illness. Predominant symptoms were dry cough, nasal discharge, sneezing, chest tightness, productive cough, and dyspnea. Sampling results showed extensive airborne contamination with a variety of Penicillium species, which produce respirable-size spores that may function as potent allergens. While the risk of respiratory illness from the inhalation of shiitake spores has been suggested previously, this is a report of an additional respiratory health risk associated with exposures to airborne allergenic molds in shiitake farming. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Lenhart, S W AU - Cole, E C AD - Div. Surveillance, Hazard Eval., and Field Stud., NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-11, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 112 EP - 119 VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Lentinus edodes KW - occupational health KW - indoor environments KW - respiratory diseases KW - air sampling KW - occupational hazards KW - mushroom culture KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - airborne particulates KW - spores KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - fungi KW - agriculture KW - allergens KW - K 03086:Immunology & vaccination KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - H SE2.3:HAZARD DETERMINATION KW - H SM10.24:PULMONARY DISEASES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16442747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Respiratory+illness+in+workers+of+an+indoor+shiitake+mushroom+farm.&rft.au=Lenhart%2C+S+W%3BCole%2C+E+C&rft.aulast=Lenhart&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=112&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - agriculture; occupational health; indoor environments; respiratory diseases; air sampling; fungi; allergens; occupational hazards; mushroom culture; respiratory tract diseases; airborne particulates; spores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ciidae: Newly recognized beetle pests of commercial dried mushrooms. AN - 16430872; 2910435 AB - One hundred sixty-seven samples representing 8 species of packaged, dried mushrooms were collected from 29 markets in the downtown Los Angeles area. The packages were visually examined for obvious insect infestations. Ciid material, representing 3 species, was found in 6 samples. One of these samples had been stored by the collector for about 8 months before huge numbers of live ciid adults and larvae were noticed in the one package. This finding represents direct evidence of post-harvest development and thereby establishes stored product pest status for the family. No previous literature exists on ciids as pests of commercial, stored, dried mushrooms. JF - Journal of Stored Products Research AU - Madenjian, J J AU - Eifert, J D AU - Lawrence, J F AD - U.S. FDA, 1521 W. Pico Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90015, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 45 EP - 48 VL - 29 IS - 1 SN - 0022-474X, 0022-474X KW - dried mushrooms KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Entomology Abstracts KW - Ciidae KW - Coleoptera KW - basidiocarps KW - new records KW - pests KW - USA KW - K 03097:Food microbiology & fermentation KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - Z 05207:Agricultural & general applied entomology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16430872?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Stored+Products+Research&rft.atitle=Ciidae%3A+Newly+recognized+beetle+pests+of+commercial+dried+mushrooms.&rft.au=Madenjian%2C+J+J%3BEifert%2C+J+D%3BLawrence%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Madenjian&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Stored+Products+Research&rft.issn=0022474X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ciidae; Coleoptera; USA; new records; pests; basidiocarps ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes by nonradioactive DNA probe colony hybridization. AN - 16429444; 2897114 AB - A plasmid containing the cloned listeriolysin gene of Listeria monocytogenes was used as a probe to identify Listeria strains by DNA colony hybridization. The probe DNA was labeled with horseradish peroxidase in the presence of glutaraldehyde. After the hybridization and wash procedures, the hybrid molecules were detected by luminescence, which resulted from the oxidation of luminol by a horseradish peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide-coupled reaction. Of the 150 Listeria strains and 16 non-Listeria strains examined, the probe hybridized only with L. monocytogenes . The technique was also used to enumerate L. monocytogenes in artificially contaminated foods. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Datta, A R AU - Moore, MA AU - Wentz, BA AU - Lane, J AD - Div. Microbiol., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 144 EP - 149 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - non-radioactive KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - probes KW - hybridization analysis KW - identification KW - DNA KW - enumeration KW - J 02725:DNA KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16429444?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+enumeration+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+by+nonradioactive+DNA+probe+colony+hybridization.&rft.au=Datta%2C+A+R%3BMoore%2C+MA%3BWentz%2C+BA%3BLane%2C+J&rft.aulast=Datta&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; identification; enumeration; DNA; probes; hybridization analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of conventional and reversed phage typing procedures for identification of Listeria spp. AN - 16416245; 2898723 AB - Of 225 Listeria isolates evaluated, 199 had the same bacteriophage patterns by both the conventional and the new, easier to apply, "reversed" phage typing procedures, 5 had different phage reactions, and the remaining 21 isolates were untypeable. Thus, the overall typeability rate was 90.7%, and 97.6% of the typeable isolates had the same phage patterns by both procedures. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Estela, LA AU - Sofos, J N AD - Denver District Lab., FDA, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, CO 80225-0087, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 617 EP - 619 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - phage typing KW - Listeria KW - listeriosis KW - identification KW - J 02750:Phage-host interactions KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing KW - V 22070:Phage-host interactions including lysogeny & transduction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16416245?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+conventional+and+reversed+phage+typing+procedures+for+identification+of+Listeria+spp.&rft.au=Estela%2C+LA%3BSofos%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Estela&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria; identification; phage typing; listeriosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid polymerase chain reaction method for detection of Vibrio cholerae in foods. AN - 16416035; 2898540 AB - The polymerase chain reaction was used to selectively amplify sequences within the cholera toxin operon from Vibrio cholerae O1. Oysters, crabmeat, shrimp, and lettuce were seeded with V. cholerae and then homogenized or washed with alkaline peptone water, followed by short-term (6- to 8-h) enrichment. A detection limit of as few as 1 V. cholerae CFU per 10 g of food was obtained with amplification reactions from crude bacterial lysates. The method is extremely rapid and obviates the need for DNA isolation from a variety of complex food matrices. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Koch, W H AU - Payne, W L AU - Wentz, BA AU - Cebula, T A AD - Div. Microbiol., Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 556 EP - 560 VL - 59 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - food contamination KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - cholera KW - detection KW - toxins KW - DNA KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - W2 32250:Others KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16416035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+polymerase+chain+reaction+method+for+detection+of+Vibrio+cholerae+in+foods.&rft.au=Koch%2C+W+H%3BPayne%2C+W+L%3BWentz%2C+BA%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=556&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - food contamination; cholera; detection; toxins; DNA; polymerase chain reaction; Vibrio cholerae ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of proline 345 in diphtheria toxin translocation. AN - 16411678; 2888111 AB - Diphtheria toxin (DT) can translocate across endosomal membranes in response to low pH. Buried hydrophobic domains localized in the 37-kDa toxin B chain become exposed in response to acidic conditions and are thought to participate in the membrane translocation process. The crystal structure of DT has revealed a structurally distinct translocation domain composed of nine alpha -helices with their interconnecting loops. Two of these alpha -helices, TH8 and TH9, are unusually apolar and constitute the central core of the translocation domain. Proline 345 occupies a strategic location at the end of the TH8 alpha -helix. Proline residues have the ability to undergo a cis-trans isomerization reaction and because of this have been proposed to play a role in the conformational change that is a prerequisite for toxin translocation. The role of the proline at position 345 in membrane translocation was investigated. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Johnson, V G AU - Nicholls, P J AU - Habig, W H AU - Youle, R J AD - Lab. Bacterial Toxins, Div. Bacterial Prod., CBER, FDA, Build. 29, Rm. 103, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 3514 EP - 3519 VL - 268 IS - 5 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - proline KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae KW - role KW - toxins KW - translocation KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 1: Biological Membranes (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16411678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=The+role+of+proline+345+in+diphtheria+toxin+translocation.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+V+G%3BNicholls%2C+P+J%3BHabig%2C+W+H%3BYoule%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3514&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Corynebacterium diphtheriae; toxins; translocation; role ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Binding of pertussis toxin to lipid vesicles containing glycolipids. AN - 16390921; 2884649 AB - The binding of pertussis toxin and its B oligomer to lipid vesicles containing glycosphingolipids was studied. Both pertussis toxin and the B oligomer bound to lipid vesicles containing ganglioside G sub(D1a). Binding of pertussis toxin to these vesicles decreased upon treatment of the vesicles with neuraminidase, suggesting that sialic acid residues are important for efficient binding of the toxin to G sub(D1a). JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Hausman, S Z AU - Burns, D L AD - Div. Bacterial Products, Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 335 EP - 337 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - exo- alpha -sialidase KW - effects on KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - toxins KW - pertussis KW - vesicles KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - binding KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01023:Others KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16390921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Binding+of+pertussis+toxin+to+lipid+vesicles+containing+glycolipids.&rft.au=Hausman%2C+S+Z%3BBurns%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Hausman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; pertussis; toxins; vesicles; binding ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519948912 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 3 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519948912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519947353 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519947353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519945521 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 4 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519945521?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519945290 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519945290?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519945282 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 6 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519945282?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519945228 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519945228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938228 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 6 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519938227 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 1 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519938224 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938224?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Back Matter AN - 1519938219 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 2 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Back+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Middle Matter AN - 1519938214 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 1 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Middle+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unindexed Front Matter AN - 1519938210 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 6 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1519938210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Unindexed+Front+Matter&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical Consequences of Alcohol-Drug Interactions AN - 1474334660 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Sands, Brian F AU - Knapp, Clifford M AU - Ciraulo, Domenic A Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 316 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Medical+Consequences+of+Alcohol-Drug+Interactions&rft.au=Sands%2C+Brian+F%3BKnapp%2C+Clifford+M%3BCiraulo%2C+Domenic+A&rft.aulast=Sands&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=316&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of the World Health Organization in Alcohol Research AN - 1474334652 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Grant, Marcus Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 187 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+the+World+Health+Organization+in+Alcohol+Research&rft.au=Grant%2C+Marcus&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What Emergency Room Studies Reveal About Alcohol Involvement in Violence-Related Injuries AN - 1474334567 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - CHERPITEL, CHERYL J Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 162 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=What+Emergency+Room+Studies+Reveal+About+Alcohol+Involvement+in+Violence-Related+Injuries&rft.au=CHERPITEL%2C+CHERYL+J&rft.aulast=CHERPITEL&rft.aufirst=CHERYL&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=162&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Warning Labels for Prevention: National Survey Findings AN - 1474334453 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Greenfield, Thomas K AU - Graves, Karen L AU - Kaskutas, Lee Ann Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 67 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334453?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Warning+Labels+for+Prevention%3A+National+Survey+Findings&rft.au=Greenfield%2C+Thomas+K%3BGraves%2C+Karen+L%3BKaskutas%2C+Lee+Ann&rft.aulast=Greenfield&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Boundaries Between Normal and Pathological Drinking: A Cross-Cultural Comparison AN - 1474334429 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Bennett, Linda A AU - Janca, Aleksandar AU - Grant, Bridget F AU - Sartorius, Norman Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 190 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Boundaries+Between+Normal+and+Pathological+Drinking%3A+A+Cross-Cultural+Comparison&rft.au=Bennett%2C+Linda+A%3BJanca%2C+Aleksandar%3BGrant%2C+Bridget+F%3BSartorius%2C+Norman&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Portrayals and Alcohol Advertising on Television: Content and Effects on Children and Adolescents AN - 1474334380 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Grube, Joel W Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 61 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474334380?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Portrayals+and+Alcohol+Advertising+on+Television%3A+Content+and+Effects+on+Children+and+Adolescents&rft.au=Grube%2C+Joel+W&rft.aulast=Grube&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Violence Reduction Through Restrictions on Alcohol Availability AN - 1474322025 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Cook, Philip J AU - Moore, Michael J Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 151 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474322025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Violence+Reduction+Through+Restrictions+on+Alcohol+Availability&rft.au=Cook%2C+Philip+J%3BMoore%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Perspective on Alcohol Studies in Africa AN - 1474321860 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Haworth, Alan Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 242 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=A+Perspective+on+Alcohol+Studies+in+Africa&rft.au=Haworth%2C+Alan&rft.aulast=Haworth&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - School-Based Alcohol Prevention Programs AN - 1474321850 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Hansen, William B Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 54 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=School-Based+Alcohol+Prevention+Programs&rft.au=Hansen%2C+William+B&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=54&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reducing Underage Drinking and Its Consequences AN - 1474321694 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Klitzner, Michael AU - Stewart, Kathryn AU - Fisher, Deborah Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 12 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Reducing+Underage+Drinking+and+Its+Consequences&rft.au=Klitzner%2C+Michael%3BStewart%2C+Kathryn%3BFisher%2C+Deborah&rft.aulast=Klitzner&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and the Pancreas: Clinical Aspects and Mechanisms of Injury AN - 1474321688 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Korsten, Mark A AU - Wilson, Jeremy S Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 292 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+the+Pancreas%3A+Clinical+Aspects+and+Mechanisms+of+Injury&rft.au=Korsten%2C+Mark+A%3BWilson%2C+Jeremy+S&rft.aulast=Korsten&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Use and Aggression Among Youth AN - 1474321685 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - White, Helene Raskin AU - Hansell, Stephen AU - Brick, John Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 144 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Use+and+Aggression+Among+Youth&rft.au=White%2C+Helene+Raskin%3BHansell%2C+Stephen%3BBrick%2C+John&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Helene&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Abuse, Mental Disorder, and Violent Behavior: An Epidemiologic Inquiry AN - 1474321599 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Swanson, Jeffrey W Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 123 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Abuse%2C+Mental+Disorder%2C+and+Violent+Behavior%3A+An+Epidemiologic+Inquiry&rft.au=Swanson%2C+Jeffrey+W&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research Reports How Alcohol and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene Modify Alcohol Drinking, Alcohol Flushing, and the Risk for Alcoholism AN - 1474321483 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Thomasson, Holly R AU - Li, Ting-Kai Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 167 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Research+Reports+How+Alcohol+and+Aldehyde+Dehydrogenase+Gene+Modify+Alcohol+Drinking%2C+Alcohol+Flushing%2C+and+the+Risk+for+Alcoholism&rft.au=Thomasson%2C+Holly+R%3BLi%2C+Ting-Kai&rft.aulast=Thomasson&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drinking and Driving: In Search of Solutions to an International Problem AN - 1474321430 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Wilson, R Jean Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 212 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Drinking+and+Driving%3A+In+Search+of+Solutions+to+an+International+Problem&rft.au=Wilson%2C+R+Jean&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol, Aggression, and Injury AN - 1474321398 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Gordis, Enoch Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 91 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321398?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%2C+Aggression%2C+and+Injury&rft.au=Gordis%2C+Enoch&rft.aulast=Gordis&rft.aufirst=Enoch&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Impact of Family Violence on the Use of Alcohol by Women AN - 1474321361 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Miller, Brenda A AU - Downs, William R Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 137 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+Family+Violence+on+the+Use+of+Alcohol+by+Women&rft.au=Miller%2C+Brenda+A%3BDowns%2C+William+R&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Brenda&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of Alcohol-Related Violence AN - 1474321353 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Collins, James J AU - Messerschmidt, Pamela M Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 93 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321353?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+Alcohol-Related+Violence&rft.au=Collins%2C+James+J%3BMesserschmidt%2C+Pamela+M&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention of Alcohol-Impaired Driving AN - 1474321343 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Hingson, Ralph Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 28 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+Alcohol-Impaired+Driving&rft.au=Hingson%2C+Ralph&rft.aulast=Hingson&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effects of Context on Alcohol and Violence AN - 1474321340 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Parker, Robert Nash Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 117 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Effects+of+Context+on+Alcohol+and+Violence&rft.au=Parker%2C+Robert+Nash&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research and Strategies for the Primary Prevention of Workplace Alcohol Problems AN - 1474321309 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Ames, Genevieve Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 19 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Research+and+Strategies+for+the+Primary+Prevention+of+Workplace+Alcohol+Problems&rft.au=Ames%2C+Genevieve&rft.aulast=Ames&rft.aufirst=Genevieve&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Use by Prisoners AN - 1474321266 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Wright, Kevin N Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 157 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Use+by+Prisoners&rft.au=Wright%2C+Kevin+N&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol, Serotonin, and Aggression AN - 1474321197 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Pihl, Robert O AU - Peterson, Jordan B Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 113 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%2C+Serotonin%2C+and+Aggression&rft.au=Pihl%2C+Robert+O%3BPeterson%2C+Jordan+B&rft.aulast=Pihl&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public Health Interests in Trade Agreements on Alcoholic Beverages in North America AN - 1474321131 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Ferris, Jacqueline AU - Room, Robin AU - Giesbrecht, Norman Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 235 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Public+Health+Interests+in+Trade+Agreements+on+Alcoholic+Beverages+in+North+America&rft.au=Ferris%2C+Jacqueline%3BRoom%2C+Robin%3BGiesbrecht%2C+Norman&rft.aulast=Ferris&rft.aufirst=Jacqueline&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol, Bone Marrow, and Blood AN - 1474321095 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Ballard, Harold S Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 310 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474321095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol%2C+Bone+Marrow%2C+and+Blood&rft.au=Ballard%2C+Harold+S&rft.aulast=Ballard&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Community-Based Prevention Research To Reduce Alcohol-Related Problems AN - 1474317803 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Giesbrecht, Norman AU - KREMPULEC, LESLEY AU - West, Paulette Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 84 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Community-Based+Prevention+Research+To+Reduce+Alcohol-Related+Problems&rft.au=Giesbrecht%2C+Norman%3BKREMPULEC%2C+LESLEY%3BWest%2C+Paulette&rft.aulast=Giesbrecht&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=84&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Prevention Research: Concepts, Phases, and Tasks at Hand AN - 1474317784 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Howard, Jan Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 5 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Prevention+Research%3A+Concepts%2C+Phases%2C+and+Tasks+at+Hand&rft.au=Howard%2C+Jan&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-National Comparisons of Drinking Behavior as Determined From the Collaborative Alcohol-Related Longitudinal Project AN - 1474317776 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Fillmore, Kaye Middleton AU - Golding, Jacqueline M AU - Leino, E Victor AU - Motoyoshi, Michelle AU - Shoemaker, Carlisle AU - Terry, Howard AU - Ager, Catherine R AU - Ferrer, Heidi P Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 198 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Cross-National+Comparisons+of+Drinking+Behavior+as+Determined+From+the+Collaborative+Alcohol-Related+Longitudinal+Project&rft.au=Fillmore%2C+Kaye+Middleton%3BGolding%2C+Jacqueline+M%3BLeino%2C+E+Victor%3BMotoyoshi%2C+Michelle%3BShoemaker%2C+Carlisle%3BTerry%2C+Howard%3BAger%2C+Catherine+R%3BFerrer%2C+Heidi+P&rft.aulast=Fillmore&rft.aufirst=Kaye&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Use and Risk for HIV Infection AN - 1474317719 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Strunin, Lee AU - Hingson, Ralph Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 35 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Use+and+Risk+for+HIV+Infection&rft.au=Strunin%2C+Lee%3BHingson%2C+Ralph&rft.aulast=Strunin&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Server Intervention: Accomplishments and Needs AN - 1474317663 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - McKnight, A James Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 76 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317663?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Server+Intervention%3A+Accomplishments+and+Needs&rft.au=McKnight%2C+A+James&rft.aulast=McKnight&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Economic Cost of Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Dependence: 1990 AN - 1474317625 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Rice, Dorothy P Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 10 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Economic+Cost+of+Alcohol+Abuse+and+Alcohol+Dependence%3A+1990&rft.au=Rice%2C+Dorothy+P&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=Dorothy&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental Investigation of Alcohol-Induced Aggression in Humans AN - 1474317524 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Taylor, Stuart P Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 108 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Experimental+Investigation+of+Alcohol-Induced+Aggression+in+Humans&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Stuart+P&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of the Medical Consequences of Alcohol AN - 1474317490 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Dufour, Mary C AU - Caces, M Fe Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 265 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317490?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+the+Medical+Consequences+of+Alcohol&rft.au=Dufour%2C+Mary+C%3BCaces%2C+M+Fe&rft.aulast=Dufour&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perspectives on Alcohol Epidemiology Research in South America AN - 1474317407 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Caetano, Raul AU - Carlini-Cotrim, Beatriz Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 244 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317407?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Perspectives+on+Alcohol+Epidemiology+Research+in+South+America&rft.au=Caetano%2C+Raul%3BCarlini-Cotrim%2C+Beatriz&rft.aulast=Caetano&rft.aufirst=Raul&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=244&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol Availability and the Ecology of Drinking Behavior AN - 1474317363 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Gruenewald, Paul J AU - Millar, Alex B AU - TRENO, ANDREW J Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 39 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317363?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+Availability+and+the+Ecology+of+Drinking+Behavior&rft.au=Gruenewald%2C+Paul+J%3BMillar%2C+Alex+B%3BTRENO%2C+ANDREW+J&rft.aulast=Gruenewald&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International Comparisons of Alcoholics Anonymous AN - 1474317289 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - MÄKELÄ, KLAUS Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 228 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=International+Comparisons+of+Alcoholics+Anonymous&rft.au=M%C3%84KEL%C3%84%2C+KLAUS&rft.aulast=M%C3%84KEL%C3%84&rft.aufirst=KLAUS&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NIAAA International Programs AN - 1474317268 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Towle, Leland H AU - Hewitt, Brenda G Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 196 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317268?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=NIAAA+International+Programs&rft.au=Towle%2C+Leland+H%3BHewitt%2C+Brenda+G&rft.aulast=Towle&rft.aufirst=Leland&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=196&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Concept of Dependence: Historical Reflections AN - 1474317249 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Jaffe, Jerome H Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 188 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Concept+of+Dependence%3A+Historical+Reflections&rft.au=Jaffe%2C+Jerome+H&rft.aulast=Jaffe&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global Status of Alcohol Control Research AN - 1474317148 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - ÖSTERBERG, ESA Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 205 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Global+Status+of+Alcohol+Control+Research&rft.au=%C3%96STERBERG%2C+ESA&rft.aulast=%C3%96STERBERG&rft.aufirst=ESA&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Chemical Pathogenesis of Alcohol-Induced Tissue Injury AN - 1474317130 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Rubin, Emanuel Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 272 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Chemical+Pathogenesis+of+Alcohol-Induced+Tissue+Injury&rft.au=Rubin%2C+Emanuel&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Price on Alcohol-Related Problems AN - 1474317125 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Chaloupka, Frank J Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 46 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317125?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Price+on+Alcohol-Related+Problems&rft.au=Chaloupka%2C+Frank+J&rft.aulast=Chaloupka&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Factors for Suicide Among Adult Alcoholics AN - 1474317072 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Roy, Alec Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 133 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Risk+Factors+for+Suicide+Among+Adult+Alcoholics&rft.au=Roy%2C+Alec&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and Malnutrition AN - 1474317066 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Marsano, Luis Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 284 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+Malnutrition&rft.au=Marsano%2C+Luis&rft.aulast=Marsano&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=284&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research Approaches in the Study of Alcohol-Related Violence AN - 1474317058 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - PERNANEN, KAI Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 101 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317058?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Research+Approaches+in+the+Study+of+Alcohol-Related+Violence&rft.au=PERNANEN%2C+KAI&rft.aulast=PERNANEN&rft.aufirst=KAI&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Development of Alcohol Treatment Systems: An International Perspective AN - 1474317025 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Klingemann, Harald AU - Takala, Jukka-Pekka AU - Hunt, Geoffrey Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 221 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474317025?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+Alcohol+Treatment+Systems%3A+An+International+Perspective&rft.au=Klingemann%2C+Harald%3BTakala%2C+Jukka-Pekka%3BHunt%2C+Geoffrey&rft.aulast=Klingemann&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurological Disorders Resulting From Alcoholism AN - 1474316994 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Lehman, Lawrence B AU - PILICH, ANDRES AU - Andrews, Nii Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 305 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Neurological+Disorders+Resulting+From+Alcoholism&rft.au=Lehman%2C+Lawrence+B%3BPILICH%2C+ANDRES%3BAndrews%2C+Nii&rft.aulast=Lehman&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Alcohol on Liver Regeneration AN - 1474316912 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Diehl, Anna Mae Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 279 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Alcohol+on+Liver+Regeneration&rft.au=Diehl%2C+Anna+Mae&rft.aulast=Diehl&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=279&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Megatrends and Dead Ends: Alcohol Research in a Global Perspective AN - 1474316861 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Babor, Thomas F Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 177 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316861?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Megatrends+and+Dead+Ends%3A+Alcohol+Research+in+a+Global+Perspective&rft.au=Babor%2C+Thomas+F&rft.aulast=Babor&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiologic Bulletin No. 32 Alcohol-Related Mortality in the United States, 1979-1989 AN - 1474316853 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Stinson, Frederick S AU - Dufour, Mary C AU - Steffens, Rebecca A AU - Debakey, Samar F Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 251 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Epidemiologic+Bulletin+No.+32+Alcohol-Related+Mortality+in+the+United+States%2C+1979-1989&rft.au=Stinson%2C+Frederick+S%3BDufour%2C+Mary+C%3BSteffens%2C+Rebecca+A%3BDebakey%2C+Samar+F&rft.aulast=Stinson&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and Bone Disorders AN - 1474316811 JF - Alcohol Health and Research World AU - Griffiths, Harry J AU - PARANTAINEN, HELENA AU - Olson, Paul Y1 - 1993/01/01/ PY - 1993 DA - 1993 Jan 01 SP - 299 CY - Rockville PB - Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0090-838X KW - Drug Abuse And Alcoholism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1474316811?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apao&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+Bone+Disorders&rft.au=Griffiths%2C+Harry+J%3BPARANTAINEN%2C+HELENA%3BOlson%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcohol+Health+and+Research+World&rft.issn=0090838X&rft_id=info:doi/ DB - Periodicals Archive Online; Periodicals Index Online N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The colonization of solid PVC surfaces and the acquisition of resistance to germicides by water micro-organisms AN - 13703236; 199301511 AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pseudomonas mesophilica, Acinetobacter anitratus, Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium chelonae var. abscessus were tested for their ability to colonize PVC surfaces, survive germicidal treatment and re-establish themselves in sterile distilled water (SDW). Two 30.4 cm PVC pipes were attached to a 90 degree PVC elbow filled with 600 ml of distilled water inoculated with one of the bacteria. After 8 weeks contaminated water was removed and the pipes exposed to 600 ml of 1:213 iodophor disinfectant (ID), 1:128 phenolic detergent (P), 1:256 quaternary ammonium compound (QA), stock iodophor antiseptic (IA), 2 per cent formaldehyde, 10-15 ppm free chlorine, 2 per cent glutaraldehyde and 70 per cent ethanol. The germicides were removed after exposure for 7 d and each pipe refilled with SDW. Pseudomonads were isolated from ID, QA, C, P and F and mycobacteria from QA, IA, ID, P, G, C and F. P. aeruginosa and P. cepacia survived after 7 d of exposure to P, ID and C, P. mesophilica after exposure to C and ID and Mycobacterium spp. after C. SEM examination of PVC surfaces confirmed bacterial attachment. JF - Journal of Applied Bacteriology AU - Vess, R W AU - Anderson, R L AU - Carr, J H AU - Bond, W W AU - Favero AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Ga. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 215 EP - 221 VL - 74 IS - 2 KW - Pipes (see also conduits, drains, pipelines,sewers) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13703236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=The+colonization+of+solid+PVC+surfaces+and+the+acquisition+of+resistance+to+germicides+by+water+micro-organisms&rft.au=Vess%2C+R+W%3BAnderson%2C+R+L%3BCarr%2C+J+H%3BBond%2C+W+W%3BFavero&rft.aulast=Vess&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Bacteriology&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of temperature and salinity on the survival of Vibrio vulnificus in seawater and shellfish AN - 13697295; 199304458 AB - Studies were undertaken to elucidate and define the survival properties of Vibrio vulnificus in the environment and in oysters. Natural seawater samples were used to determine the effects of temperature, salinity and estuarine microbiota on survival. V. vulnificus was also monitored in oysters to establish the effects of low and high storage temperatures on survival and numbers. Monitoring across broad ranges of temperature and salinity showed that temperatures outside the range 13-22C and salinities greater than 25 ppt reduced survival in seawater. Temperature was critical to controlling the growth of V. vulnificus in oysters. There are 31 references. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Kaspar, C W AU - Tamplin, M L AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, Ala. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 2425 EP - 2429 VL - 59 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Reduction KW - Sea water (see also marine -----) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13697295?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+temperature+and+salinity+on+the+survival+of+Vibrio+vulnificus+in+seawater+and+shellfish&rft.au=Kaspar%2C+C+W%3BTamplin%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Kaspar&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotransformation of fluorene by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans AN - 13679480; S199548078 AB - The microbial degradation of fluorene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formed during the combustion of fossil fuels, was investigated. The fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112 was used to metabolize fluorene. The major metabolites were identified. About 69 per cent of the fluorene added to cultures was metabolized within 120 h. The principal ethyl-acetate-soluble metabolites were 9-fluorenone, 9-fluorenol, and 2-hydroxy-9-fluorenone. C. elegans oxidized fluorene at the carbon-9 position of the five-member ring to form an alcohol and corresponding ketone as did bacteria, but 2 hydroxy-9-fluorenone was a novel metabolite not produced by bacteria. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Pothuluri, J V AU - Freeman, J P AU - Evans, F E AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Ark. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 1977 EP - 1980 VL - 59 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - 9-fluorenone KW - Fluorene KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13679480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Biotransformation+of+fluorene+by+the+fungus+Cunninghamella+elegans&rft.au=Pothuluri%2C+J+V%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Pothuluri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1977&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationships of structures of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with high-performance liquid chromatography retention order AN - 13678501; S199648706 AB - Relationships between structure and high-performance liquid chromatography retention time were investigated in the case of 46 structurally-related nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH) and the corresponding parent PAH. Larger molecules had longer retention times, while saturation of the aromatic rings shortened them. Retention times were shorter in the case of isomers with a perpendicular nitro group than where the nitro substituent was parallel to the ring system. The presence of a nitro group significantly decreased the retention time compared with that for the parent PAH. The polarity of the PAH or nitro-PAH was the major factor determining its retention time. There are 33 references. JF - Journal of Chromatography AU - Fu, P P AU - Zhang, Y AU - Mao, Y L AU - von Tungeln, LS AU - Kim, Y AU - Jung, H AU - Jun, MJ AD - Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Ariz. Y1 - 1993 PY - 1993 DA - 1993 SP - 107 EP - 116 VL - 642 IS - 1/2 SN - 0021-9673, 0021-9673 KW - Nitro-pah KW - Reduction KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13678501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chromatography&rft.atitle=Relationships+of+structures+of+nitro-polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+with+high-performance+liquid+chromatography+retention+order&rft.au=Fu%2C+P+P%3BZhang%2C+Y%3BMao%2C+Y+L%3Bvon+Tungeln%2C+LS%3BKim%2C+Y%3BJung%2C+H%3BJun%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1993-01-01&rft.volume=642&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Chromatography&rft.issn=00219673&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spectral effects in activation of the human immunodeficiency virus promoter by psoralens plus ultraviolet A treatment. AN - 75525458; 1343228 AB - The effects of PUVA treatment on HIV promoter activation and cell killing in HIV cat/HeLa cells were studied using two UV sources, a UVASUN sunlamp and a UVAR Photoactivation Chamber. A 4 to 5 times higher dose of ultraviolet radiation was required from the UVASUN lamp than from the UVAR lamps: 1) to activate the HIV promoter in the presence of 0.1 or 1.0 microgram/ml 8-MOP and 2) to reduce cell survival to a level of 10%, in the presence of 0.1 or 1.0 microgram/ml 8-MOP. In addition, exposures performed with a fixed dose of 20 kJ/m2 at varying concentrations of 8-MOP, required a 4.7 times higher combined PUVA dose from the UVASUN lamp than from the UVAR lamps. Two possible sources of these differences were analyzed: (1) the presence of UVB + UVA2 (280-340 nm) in the radiation emitted by the UVAR, but not the UVASUN lamp, and its potential biological activity independent of 8-MOP, and (2) the difference in the overlap of the emission spectra of the two lamps with the absorption spectrum of 8-MOP. The area of overlap was higher for the UVAR lamp than for the UVASUN lamp by a factor of 4.6, which is close to the difference between these two lamps in induction of the HIV promoter and killing HeLa cells. This indicates that the effectiveness of a particular UVA source used in combination with 8-MOP can be predicted by its congruence to the absorption spectrum of the photosensitizing drug. JF - Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine AU - Miller, S A AU - Beer, J Z AU - Strickland, A G AU - Zmudzka, B Z AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. PY - 1992 SP - 262 EP - 267 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 0905-4383, 0905-4383 KW - Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.28 KW - Methoxsalen KW - U4VJ29L7BQ KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - HeLa Cells KW - Humans KW - PUVA Therapy KW - Cell Survival -- radiation effects KW - Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase -- analysis KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic -- radiation effects KW - HIV -- drug effects KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic -- drug effects KW - HIV -- radiation effects KW - Methoxsalen -- pharmacology KW - HIV -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75525458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photodermatology%2C+photoimmunology+%26+photomedicine&rft.atitle=Spectral+effects+in+activation+of+the+human+immunodeficiency+virus+promoter+by+psoralens+plus+ultraviolet+A+treatment.&rft.au=Miller%2C+S+A%3BBeer%2C+J+Z%3BStrickland%2C+A+G%3BZmudzka%2C+B+Z&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=262&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photodermatology%2C+photoimmunology+%26+photomedicine&rft.issn=09054383&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-07 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methodologic issues in using epidemiologic studies of occupational cohorts for cancer risk assessment. AN - 75516401; 1341666 AB - This paper focuses on presenting a review and discussion of the major methodologic issues involved in using epidemiologic studies of occupational groups for assessing human cancer risks. Although animal studies have been most often used for quantitative risk assessment, it is generally recognized that well conducted epidemiologic studies would provide the best basis for estimating human risk. However, there are several features related to the design and analysis of epidemiologic studies which frequently limit their usefulness for quantitating risks. The lack of accurate information on exposure in epidemiologic studies is perhaps the most frequently cited limitation of these studies for risk assessment. However, other features of epidemiologic study design such as statistical power, length of follow-up, selection bias, confounding and effect modification may also limit the inferences that can be drawn from these studies. Furthermore even when the aforementioned limitations are overcome, substantial uncertainty exists concerning the choice of an appropriate statistical (or biologic) model for extrapolation beyond the range of exposures observed in a particular study. An empirical example is provided in which estimates of risk varied by nearly 3 orders of magnitude depending on which functional form of the model was chosen. Modeling of epidemiologic data for QRA should be based upon internal comparisons rather than on modeling Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) when possible. Because of the limitations discussed in this paper, epidemiologic data should not be viewed as a panacea for the problems inherent in using animal bioassay data for QRA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Epidemiologia e prevenzione AU - Stayner, L T AU - Smith, R J AD - Risk Assessment Program, Division of Standards Development and Technology Transfer, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 32 EP - 39 VL - 14 IS - 53 SN - 1120-9763, 1120-9763 KW - Index Medicus KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Cohort Studies KW - Sampling Studies KW - Models, Statistical KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75516401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiologia+e+prevenzione&rft.atitle=Methodologic+issues+in+using+epidemiologic+studies+of+occupational+cohorts+for+cancer+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L+T%3BSmith%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=53&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiologia+e+prevenzione&rft.issn=11209763&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-01-21 N1 - Date created - 1994-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An estimation of squamous cell carcinoma risk from ultraviolet radiation emitted by fluorescent lamps. AN - 75512574; 1343229 AB - The risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from ultraviolet radiation (UV) emitted by unfiltered fluorescent lamps was assessed. The assessment employed a mathematical power model based on human epidemiological data, which relates the SCC incidence in the United States white population to ambient solar UV. The annual numbers of new SCC on anatomical sites chronically exposed to solar UV (head/face/neck and hands) were estimated for indoor workers. Then the number of SCC that may be caused by additional UV exposure from indoor fluorescent lighting was estimated: the lifetime exposure of indoor workers to typical fluorescent lighting (if unfiltered) may add 3.9% (1.6-12%) to the risk from solar UV, resulting in the induction of an additional 1500 (600-4500) SCC per annum in the United States. This calculated projection must be compared with the 110,000 SCC caused by solar exposure. Thus, this analysis suggests there may be a small increased risk of SCC from exposure to UV-emitting fluorescent lamps. JF - Photodermatology, photoimmunology & photomedicine AU - Lytle, C D AU - Cyr, W H AU - Beer, J Z AU - Miller, S A AU - James, R H AU - Landry, R J AU - Jacobs, M E AU - Kaczmarek, R G AU - Sharkness, C M AU - Gaylor, D AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, Maryland 20857. PY - 1992 SP - 268 EP - 274 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 0905-4383, 0905-4383 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Models, Statistical KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Models, Biological KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell -- etiology KW - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - Lighting -- adverse effects KW - Skin Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Skin Neoplasms -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75512574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photodermatology%2C+photoimmunology+%26+photomedicine&rft.atitle=An+estimation+of+squamous+cell+carcinoma+risk+from+ultraviolet+radiation+emitted+by+fluorescent+lamps.&rft.au=Lytle%2C+C+D%3BCyr%2C+W+H%3BBeer%2C+J+Z%3BMiller%2C+S+A%3BJames%2C+R+H%3BLandry%2C+R+J%3BJacobs%2C+M+E%3BKaczmarek%2C+R+G%3BSharkness%2C+C+M%3BGaylor%2C+D&rft.aulast=Lytle&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=268&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photodermatology%2C+photoimmunology+%26+photomedicine&rft.issn=09054383&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-03-07 N1 - Date created - 1994-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in nucleotide pools in rats fed diets deficient in choline, methionine and/or folic acid. AN - 73466687; 1473260 AB - The fidelity of DNA synthesis is critically dependent on the correct balance and availability of the deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) precursors for the polymerases involved in replication and repair. Since folate-derived one-carbon groups are essential for the de novo synthesis of both purines and pyrimidines, the purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether diet-induced depletion of folates would alter intracellular dNTP pools. Fischer 344 rats were fed one of four semi-purified diets for a period of 8 weeks: (i) supplemented control; (ii) deficient in folic acid; (iii) deficient in methionine and choline; and (iv) deficient in methionine, choline and folic acid. In contrast to natural diets, semi-purified diets are nucleotide-free and consequently lack substrates for salvage pathway synthesis. This omission may place unusual stress on folate-dependent de novo nucleotide synthesis especially under conditions of dietary methyl-donor deficiency. Reversed-phase HPLC analysis of dNTP in spleen cell extracts indicated that both the thymidylate monophosphate and thymidylate triphosphate pools were decreased in spleen cells from the deficient rats consistent with a decrease in folate-dependent de novo synthesis. In addition, purine biosynthesis appeared to be negatively affect by methyl-donor deficiency as evidenced by a reduction in dGTP and dATP pools. These data indicate that deoxynucleotide pool imbalance, well known to produce cytogenetic and mutagenic events in vitro, can also be induced in this in vivo model of diet-induced carcinogenesis. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - James, S J AU - Cross, D R AU - Miller, B J AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 2471 EP - 2474 VL - 13 IS - 12 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Nucleotides KW - 0 KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - Methionine KW - AE28F7PNPL KW - Choline KW - N91BDP6H0X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Spleen -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Choline -- administration & dosage KW - Folic Acid -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Nucleotides -- metabolism KW - Folic Acid Deficiency -- metabolism KW - Methionine -- metabolism KW - Methionine -- deficiency KW - Diet KW - Choline Deficiency -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73466687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+nucleotide+pools+in+rats+fed+diets+deficient+in+choline%2C+methionine+and%2For+folic+acid.&rft.au=James%2C+S+J%3BCross%2C+D+R%3BMiller%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Process of building biologically based dose-response models for developmental defects. AN - 73466361; 1290158 AB - The problem of developing biologically-based dose-response models is addressed for predicting the prevalence of birth defects at low doses of toxic chemicals administered during pregnancy. To illustrate the process of incorporating biological information, a model is postulated to predict the prevalence of cleft palate for a chemical that reduces embryonic/fetal growth, which results in inadequate palatal cells for closure. Experimental bioassay data examining the prevalence of cleft palate in mice exposed to the herbicide 2,4,5-T are used to illustrate the process. With the limited data available, it is necessary to assume a model for cell growth and the relationship between the cell growth rate parameter and dose of 2,4,5-T. Also, a relationship between cleft palate prevalence and growth is assumed and then checked with experimental data. The purpose of the paper is not to provide a universal biologically based dose-response model for cleft palate, but rather to demonstrate the extent, and type of information and data required. It remains to be seen if the form of the model is appropriate for chemicals that primarily produce embryo/fetal malformations or death via reduced or delayed cellular growth. JF - Teratology AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Razzaghi, M AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 573 EP - 581 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid KW - 9Q963S4YMX KW - Index Medicus KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Cleft Palate -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cleft Palate -- epidemiology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Pregnancy KW - Models, Biological KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73466361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Process+of+building+biologically+based+dose-response+models+for+developmental+defects.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BRazzaghi%2C+M&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=573&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - No increase in carcinogen-DNA adducts in the lungs of monkeys exposed chronically to marijuana smoke. AN - 73448161; 1488780 AB - Rhesus monkeys exposed to marijuana smoke either 7 or 2 days/weeks (HI and LO groups, respectively), or ethanol-extracted marijuana smoke for 7 days/week (EM) or sham treatment (SH) for 1 year were sacrificed 7 months following the last exposure. Pulmonary levels of carcinogen-DNA adducts were determined. Although mean or median adduct levels were not statistically different, 15 of 22 adduct measures were highest in the EM group and lowest 12 of 22 times in the SH group. The levels of aromatic carcinogen-DNA adducts seem no higher in the lungs of animals exposed to marijuana smoke than in untreated animals. Ethanol-extracted marijuana may have effects greater than marijuana itself. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Talaska, G AU - Schamer, M AU - Bailey, J R AU - Ali, S F AU - Scallet, A C AU - Slikker, W AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR. Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 321 EP - 332 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Cannabinoids KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Smoke KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Marijuana Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Smoke -- adverse effects KW - Cannabinoids -- toxicity KW - Lung -- chemistry KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Carcinogens -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73448161?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=No+increase+in+carcinogen-DNA+adducts+in+the+lungs+of+monkeys+exposed+chronically+to+marijuana+smoke.&rft.au=Talaska%2C+G%3BSchamer%2C+M%3BBailey%2C+J+R%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BScallet%2C+A+C%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Talaska&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=321&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-23 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mycotoxins in foods and feeds in the United States. AN - 73432456; 1474031 AB - Mycotoxins are considered unavoidable contaminants in foods and feeds because agronomic technology has not yet advanced to the stage at which preharvest infection of susceptible crops by fungi can be eliminated. The aflatoxins have received greater attention than any of the other mycotoxins because of their demonstrated carcinogenic effects in susceptible animals and their acute toxic effects in humans. Since 1965, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has enforced regulatory limits on the concentrations of these toxins in foods and feeds involved in interstate commerce. The FDA routinely monitors the food and feed industries through compliance programs to ensure that the levels of exposure to these toxins are kept as low as practical. This report summarizes data generated from compliance programs on aflatoxins for the fiscal years 1989, 1990, and the first half of 1991. Commodities sampled included peanuts and peanut products, tree nuts, corn and corn products, cottonseed, and milk. Higher than usual levels of contamination were found in corn examined from all areas of the United States in 1989 as a result of the severe drought that affected the 1988 corn crop. The drought in parts of the South and Southeast in 1990 resulted in increased contamination in corn and peanuts from those areas. A review of the surveillance data obtained on deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, sterigmatocystin, penicillic acid, and patulin over the years along with available toxicological data for these mycotoxins indicated that no regulatory actions were warranted. The lack of sufficient surveillance data on other mycotoxins that occur in the United States can be attributed in part to the unavailability of reliable analytical methodology. JF - Journal of animal science AU - Wood, G E AD - Division of Contaminants Chemistry, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 3941 EP - 3949 VL - 70 IS - 12 SN - 0021-8812, 0021-8812 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Mycotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Animal Feed KW - Food Microbiology KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73432456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.atitle=Mycotoxins+in+foods+and+feeds+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Wood%2C+G+E&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3941&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+animal+science&rft.issn=00218812&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An in vitro pancreas acinar cell model for testing the modulating effects of caloric restriction and ageing on cellular proliferation and transformation. AN - 73424118; 1473253 AB - Pancreatic acinar cells were isolated for culture from a young (Y) and an old (O) Brown-Norway or Fischer 344 rat fed an ad libitum (AL) or calorically restricted (CR) diet. The cells were cultured and cellular growth rates were determined as a function of passage number. An overall increase in cellular growth rate and transformation frequency with age and/or AL diet relative to youth as well as a decrease with CR diet were concordant with reported responses in vivo. Transformation frequency was measured in Brown-Norway cells and followed the same pattern as the growth response: AL/O > AL/Y = CR/Y > CR/O. The cellular model is shown to fit the general multistage requirements of the carcinogenic process as well as general age and diet characteristics of pancreatic cancer. This pancreatic acinar cell age-diet approach may prove to be a valuable tool for determining mechanisms of exocrine pancreatic carcinogenesis as well as other disease states; it may also be of utility in in vitro gerontological nutritional and pharmacological studies since some of the age and diet determinants of biological effects appear to be segregable. Propensity of cells from an old and/or AL diet animal for faster growth and for cellular transformation are programmed into the cells by the time of their excision from the animal (as late as 14 months), indicating a heritable component in the model or a mechanism that is dependent upon elements that control gene expression. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Hass, B S AU - Hart, R W AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Poirier, L A AU - Lyn-Cook, B D AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 2419 EP - 2425 VL - 13 IS - 12 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Methylnitronitrosoguanidine KW - 12H3O2UGSF KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Methylnitronitrosoguanidine -- toxicity KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Rats, Inbred BN KW - Models, Biological KW - Male KW - Pancreas -- pathology KW - Energy Intake KW - Aging -- pathology KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic KW - Cell Division UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73424118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=An+in+vitro+pancreas+acinar+cell+model+for+testing+the+modulating+effects+of+caloric+restriction+and+ageing+on+cellular+proliferation+and+transformation.&rft.au=Hass%2C+B+S%3BHart%2C+R+W%3BGaylor%2C+D+W%3BPoirier%2C+L+A%3BLyn-Cook%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Hass&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-03 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Advantages and limitations of laboratory methods for measurement of carcinogen-DNA adducts for epidemiological studies. AN - 73414744; 1471199 AB - In molecular epidemiological studies, the measurement of carcinogen-DNA adducts in human tissues can provide direct evidence of current exposure to chemical carcinogens. Moreover, data on steady state DNA adduct levels and the rate of cell proliferation can be related not only to carcinogen-target tissue dosimetry but may also be useful in assessment of human cancer risk. Thus far, laboratory methods for adduct detection have primarily utilized 32P-postlabelling, immunoassays, and mass spectrometry. However, accurate quantitation of DNA adducts requires knowledge of the structural identity and chemical properties of carcinogen-base adducts, the availability of synthetic standards for recovery determinations, and the development of complementary methods to corroborate analytical findings. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Kaderlik, R K AU - Lin, D X AU - Lang, N P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 469 EP - 475 VL - 64-65 Spec No SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Immunoassay KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73414744?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Advantages+and+limitations+of+laboratory+methods+for+measurement+of+carcinogen-DNA+adducts+for+epidemiological+studies.&rft.au=Kaderlik%2C+R+K%3BLin%2C+D+X%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Kaderlik&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=64-65+Spec+No&rft.issue=&rft.spage=469&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-01-25 N1 - Date created - 1993-01-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Direct extraction of bacterial plasmids from food for polymerase chain reaction amplification. AN - 73404837; 1476448 AB - In this report we describe a simple and rapid technique using DNA affinity columns that permits direct extraction of bacterial plasmids from a variety of foods for polymerase chain reaction amplification. The procedure was used to detect virulent enteroinvasive Escherichia coli in several artificially seeded matrices, including seafoods, greens, dairy products, enrichment media, and water. Polymerase inhibitors present in both foods and enrichment media were removed efficiently. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Andersen, M R AU - Omiecinski, C J AD - Food and Drug Administration-Seattle District Office, Bothell, Washington 98041-3012. Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 4080 EP - 4082 VL - 58 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Humans KW - DNA, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Escherichia coli -- pathogenicity KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Plasmids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73404837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Direct+extraction+of+bacterial+plasmids+from+food+for+polymerase+chain+reaction+amplification.&rft.au=Andersen%2C+M+R%3BOmiecinski%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Andersen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4080&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-01 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: N Engl J Med. 1971 Jul 1;285(1):1-9 [4996788] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1984 Mar;33(2):281-4 [6370005] J Appl Bacteriol. 1991 Feb;70(2):121-6 [1902204] Infect Immun. 1983 Apr;40(1):340-50 [6299962] J Infect Dis. 1990 Jun;161(6):1252-6 [2189008] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Jun;56(6):1536-40 [2200336] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Jun;49(6):1374-8 [3893320] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Mar;57(3):707-11 [2039231] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The mortality of lead smelter workers: an update. AN - 73365962; 1456339 AB - Mortality studies of lead workers have shown excesses of nonmalignant renal disease and cerebrovascular disease. Animal studies and one human study have shown excess kidney cancer. We have updated a mortality study of male lead smelter workers (n = 1990). An analysis was conducted using standard life table techniques. The updated analysis added 11 years of follow-up and 363 new deaths. The original study had found elevated but nonsignificant risks for kidney cancer, stroke, and nonmalignant renal disease, probably attributable to lead exposure. Deaths from accidents and nonmalignant respiratory disease were significantly elevated, but probably not as a result of lead exposure. In the updated study, no new deaths from nonmalignant renal disease occurred (9 observed, standardized mortality ratio = 1.21). Three more deaths from kidney cancer were observed, yielding a standardized mortality ratio of 1.93 (9 observed, 95% CI = 0.88, 3.67), which increased for those who had worked in areas with the highest lead exposure (8 observed, standardized mortality ratio = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.03, 4.71). Cerebrovascular disease remained elevated for those with more than 20 years of exposure (26 observed, standardized mortality ratio = 1.41, 95% CI = 0.92, 2.07). This cohort with high lead exposure showed a diminishing excess of death from nonmalignant renal disease, a continued excess from kidney cancer, and an excess of cerebrovascular disease only in those with longest exposure to lead. JF - American journal of public health AU - Steenland, K AU - Selevan, S AU - Landrigan, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 1641 EP - 1644 VL - 82 IS - 12 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Kidney Diseases -- mortality KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- mortality KW - Life Tables KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Cohort Studies KW - Death Certificates KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Idaho -- epidemiology KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- mortality KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Kidney Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Lead -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Metallurgy KW - Cause of Death -- trends KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73365962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=The+mortality+of+lead+smelter+workers%3A+an+update.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K%3BSelevan%2C+S%3BLandrigan%2C+P&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1641&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-01-04 N1 - Date created - 1993-01-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Ind Med. 1980;1(2):139-48 [7342761] J Occup Med. 1982 May;24(5):375-8 [7086551] Am J Kidney Dis. 1984 Jan;3(4):241-57 [6419586] Br J Ind Med. 1986 Oct;43(10):707-12 [3778840] Int J Epidemiol. 1991 Dec;20(4):978-83 [1800439] J Occup Med. 1990 Nov;32(11):1091-8 [2258764] Br J Ind Med. 1982 Nov;39(4):404-10 [7138801] Br J Ind Med. 1984 May;41(2):170-8 [6722043] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1985 Oct;11(5):331-45 [4070998] Am J Epidemiol. 1985 Oct;122(4):673-83 [4025307] Br J Ind Med. 1989 Oct;46(10):689-97 [2818957] Erratum In: Am J Public Health 1993 Jan;83(1):60 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conducting clinical trials in practice settings. Research in progress by family physicians. AN - 73346106; 1453154 JF - The Journal of family practice AU - Nutting, P A AU - Alexander, G P AD - Division of Primary Care, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - December 1992 SP - 689 EP - 691 VL - 35 IS - 6 SN - 0094-3509, 0094-3509 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Ultrasonography, Prenatal KW - Humans KW - Alcoholism -- therapy KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Counseling KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Pregnancy KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic KW - Family Practice UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73346106?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+family+practice&rft.atitle=Conducting+clinical+trials+in+practice+settings.+Research+in+progress+by+family+physicians.&rft.au=Nutting%2C+P+A%3BAlexander%2C+G+P&rft.aulast=Nutting&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+family+practice&rft.issn=00943509&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-31 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA's New Drug Evaluation Process: a General Overview AN - 21128130; 11162023 AB - A general overview of the FDA new-drug evaluation process is presented with special emphasis on the regulatory requirements as outlined in the federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the interpretive New Drug Regulations. Included is a description of the administrative/scientific makeup and functions of the new-drug evaluation divisions within the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Some specifics relating to the investigative development of anticaries and plaque/gingivitis new drug products are discussed. JF - Journal of Public Health Dentistry AU - Walters, Philip G AD - Deputy Director Division of Medical Imaging, Surgical and Dental Drug Products Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration-HFD-160 5600 Fisher's Lane Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - Dec 1992 SP - 333 EP - 337 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 52 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4006, 0022-4006 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Gingivitis KW - Reviews KW - Food KW - Drug development KW - Cosmetics KW - Plaques KW - Dentistry KW - Drugs KW - Public health KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21128130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Public+Health+Dentistry&rft.atitle=FDA%27s+New+Drug+Evaluation+Process%3A+a+General+Overview&rft.au=Walters%2C+Philip+G&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Public+Health+Dentistry&rft.issn=00224006&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1752-7325.1992.tb02298.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gingivitis; Food; Reviews; Plaques; Cosmetics; Drug development; Dentistry; Drugs; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.1992.tb02298.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA Regulation of Dental Devices: Past, Present, and Future AN - 21122088; 11162030 AB - The organization of the Food and Drug Administration as related to dental devices is described. The classification according to safety and efficacy of devices is described and examples are given. The process of submitting a Premarket Notification [(510(k)] for class I and II devices, a Premarket Approval (PMA) for class III devices and an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) are described. The clinician is told how to report problems with medical devices. JF - Journal of Public Health Dentistry AU - Tylenda, Carolyn A AD - Senior Regulatory Review Officer Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health Dental Devices Branch 1390 Piccard Drive Rockville, MD 20850. Y1 - 1992/12// PY - 1992 DA - Dec 1992 SP - 364 EP - 368 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 52 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4006, 0022-4006 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - dentistry KW - classification KW - medical equipment KW - FDA KW - Drugs KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21122088?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Public+Health+Dentistry&rft.atitle=FDA+Regulation+of+Dental+Devices%3A+Past%2C+Present%2C+and+Future&rft.au=Tylenda%2C+Carolyn+A&rft.aulast=Tylenda&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Public+Health+Dentistry&rft.issn=00224006&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1752-7325.1992.tb02305.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - medical equipment; dentistry; Drugs; classification; FDA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.1992.tb02305.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of human DNA-carcinogen adducts. AN - 73305220; 1436097 JF - Nature AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1992/11/12/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Nov 12 SP - 189 VL - 360 IS - 6400 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Isotope Labeling -- methods KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - DNA Damage KW - DNA -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73305220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Detection+of+human+DNA-carcinogen+adducts.&rft.au=Kadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Kadlubar&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-11-12&rft.volume=360&rft.issue=6400&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro metabolism and DNA adduct formation from the mutagenic environmental contaminant 2-nitrofluoranthene. AN - 73470516; 1489938 AB - The metabolism and DNA adduct formation by the mutagenic environmental contaminant 2-nitrofluoranthene (2-NFA) were studied. Incubation under aerobic conditions with liver microsomes of rats pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene yielded trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-2-nitrofluoranthene, trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydro-2-nitrofluoranthene, and 7-, 8-, and 9-phenolic metabolites. When the epoxide hydrolase inhibitor 3,3,3-trichloropropylene was present in the incubation, only phenolic metabolites were detected. Under hypoxic conditions, 2-aminofluoranthene was obtained, together with a trace of the ring-oxidized metabolites. The activated metabolite, N-hydroxy-2-aminofluoranthene, was prepared in situ and reacted with calf thymus DNA. Upon enzymatic hydrolysis of the DNA and purification by HPLC, a C8-substituted deoxyguanosine adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluoranthene, was identified by mass and proton NMR spectral analysis. This adduct was also formed at a level of 10 pmol/mg of DNA when 2-NFA was metabolized by xanthine oxidase, 6 pmol/mg of DNA from incubation with liver microsomes of rats pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene, and 3-pmol/mg of DNA from metabolism by liver microsomes of rats pretreated with phenobarbital. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Herreno-Saenz, D AU - Evans, F E AU - Heinze, T AU - Lewtas, J AU - Fu, P P AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. PY - 1992 SP - 863 EP - 869 VL - 5 IS - 6 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Fluorenes KW - Mutagens KW - 2-nitrofluoranthene KW - 13177-29-2 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Xanthine Oxidase KW - EC 1.17.3.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Xanthine Oxidase -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration KW - Thymus Gland -- metabolism KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Fluorenes -- toxicity KW - Fluorenes -- metabolism KW - DNA Damage KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73470516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+metabolism+and+DNA+adduct+formation+from+the+mutagenic+environmental+contaminant+2-nitrofluoranthene.&rft.au=Herreno-Saenz%2C+D%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BHeinze%2C+T%3BLewtas%2C+J%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Herreno-Saenz&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=863&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-04 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pseudomonas exotoxin: recombinant conjugates as therapeutic agents. AN - 73447722; 1487051 JF - Biochemical Society transactions AU - FitzGerald, D J AU - Pastan, I AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 731 EP - 734 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0300-5127, 0300-5127 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - Exotoxins KW - Immunotoxins KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Virulence Factors KW - ADP Ribose Transferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - toxA protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- therapeutic use KW - Recombinant Proteins -- therapeutic use KW - Bacterial Toxins -- metabolism KW - Bacterial Toxins -- therapeutic use KW - Exotoxins -- metabolism KW - Immunotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Immunotoxins -- metabolism KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - Exotoxins -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73447722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Society+transactions&rft.atitle=Pseudomonas+exotoxin%3A+recombinant+conjugates+as+therapeutic+agents.&rft.au=FitzGerald%2C+D+J%3BPastan%2C+I&rft.aulast=FitzGerald&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=731&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Society+transactions&rft.issn=03005127&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of biomarkers to risk assessment. AN - 73444326; 1486842 AB - Due to difficulties in conducting epidemiological studies, most estimates of cancer risk are based on data from animal bioassays. Extrapolation of cancer risk estimates in animals to humans requires an assumption of equal potency across species based on the average daily dose. The purpose of this paper is to examine the ability to predict tumor incidence across species from DNA adduct concentrations resulting from exposure to carcinogens. A 100-fold range of structurally diverse adduct concentrations corresponding to the same tumor incidence raises questions about quantitative predictability across chemical classes and across species. Differences in adduct structure, mutagenic efficiency, adduct repair rates, and cellular proliferation could account for some of the differences. For specific carcinogen-DNA adducts, the steady-state levels associated with a 50% tumor incidence appear to vary over a narrower range. An equal incidence of liver tumors was obtained at equal concentrations of aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts for rats and trout. A 2- to 3-fold range of 4-aminobiphenyl-DNA adduct concentrations between mice and dogs appears to be associated with nearly equal bladder tumor incidence, on the basis of limited data. In humans, a 5-fold higher concentration of a 4-aminobiphenyl-DNA adduct in bladders of smokers than of nonsmokers is compatible with the relative risk of bladder cancer due to smoking. DNA adduct concentrations certainly can be used to improve quantification of chemical exposures for epidemiological studies. Although promising, more data are needed to judge the usefulness of DNA adduct concentrations to predict cancer incidence across species. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Kadlubar, F F AU - Beland, F A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 139 EP - 141 VL - 98 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biomarkers, Tumor KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Species Specificity KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Biomarkers, Tumor -- analysis KW - Neoplasms -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73444326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Application+of+biomarkers+to+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F%3BBeland%2C+F+A&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Invest Urol. 1978 Jul;16(1):50-4 [689839] Carcinogenesis. 1991 May;12(5):895-900 [2029755] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jun 15;88(12):5350-4 [2052611] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Jun;66(6):1037-52 [6941039] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1990 Jun 1;104(1):79-93 [2360210] Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1989 Aug;10(1):74-81 [2505337] Carcinogenesis. 1983;4(3):335-8 [6831638] Carcinogenesis. 1990 Apr;11(4):639-46 [2323002] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomarkers in epidemiology: scientific issues and ethical implications. AN - 73438343; 1486843 AB - The current generation of biologic markers have three characteristics that differentiate them from previous ones. These include the ability to detect xenobiotics at concentrations at the cellular and molecular level, to detect earlier biologic changes presumptive of disease or disease risk, and to identify a detailed continuum of events between an exposure and resultant disease. If biomarkers are to enhance cancer epidemiology, they must be valid, reliable, and practical. When these characteristics have not been previously demonstrated, pilot studies should be conducted prior to the primary study. Interdisciplinary communication and collaboration is required so that useful markers are selected and that collection and handling, assay, and interpretation are appropriate. The status of many biomarkers is that they have been developed in the laboratory but lack validation for field use. Validation of a marker for use in a population requires attention to issues of background prevalence, sample size, natural history, persistence, variability, confounding factors, and predictive value. Additionally, practical features such as subject preparation, access to specimens, specimen storage aspects, and costs must be clarified. Ultimately, the use of biologic markers in epidemiologic studies will depend on how well the markers increase ability to reduce misclassification, provide for better interpretation of exposure-disease associations, and increase opportunities for prevention. Validation studies and general research using biomarkers also have clinical, ethical, and legal implications. These range from communicating uncertainty about the meaning of a marker to the kinds of societal response that result when groups or individuals are identified as having an "abnormal" marker frequency. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Schulte, P A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 143 EP - 147 VL - 98 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Biomarkers, Tumor KW - 0 KW - Bioethics KW - Index Medicus KW - Biomedical and Behavioral Research KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Confidentiality KW - Communication KW - Environmental Exposure -- classification KW - Neoplasms -- chemistry KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Biomarkers, Tumor -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73438343?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Biomarkers+in+epidemiology%3A+scientific+issues+and+ethical+implications.&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=&rft.spage=143&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1978 Nov-Dec;2(2):427-42 [739221] Lancet. 1982 Oct 16;2(8303):842-5 [6126711] Arch Environ Health. 1989 Nov-Dec;44(6):375-81 [2610525] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1988 Dec;14(6):372-7 [3212413] Am J Epidemiol. 1987 Dec;126(6):1006-16 [3318408] Prog Clin Biol Res. 1986;209B:261-70 [3749084] Br J Ind Med. 1985 Jan;42(1):19-26 [3965011] Science. 1990 Aug 24;249(4971):912-5 [2144057] Arch Toxicol. 1990;64(5):401-6 [2144958] Cancer Res. 1990 Jan 15;50(2):393-9 [2295079] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990 Aug 1;82(15):1264-72 [2374176] Environ Res. 1989 Apr;48(2):129-44 [2647488] Tumori. 1988 Feb 29;74(1):19-26 [3281339] Environ Health Perspect. 1987 Oct;74:109-17 [3319546] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1987 May;78(5):887-98 [3471998] J Occup Med. 1986 Jan;28(1):13-7 [3950777] Carcinogenesis. 1990 Apr;11(4):507-18 [2182215] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal metabolism of acenaphthene by Cunninghamella elegans. AN - 73436846; 1482186 AB - The filamentous fungus Cunninghamella elegans ATCC 36112 metabolized within 72 h of incubation approximately 64% of the [1,8-14C]acenaphthene added. The radioactive metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate and separated by thin-layer chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Seven metabolites were identified by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, UV, and mass spectral techniques as 6-hydroxyacenaphthenone (24.8%), 1,2-acenaphthenedione (19.9%), trans-1,2-dihydroxyacenaphthene (10.3%), 1,5-dihydroxyacenaphthene (2.7%), 1-acenaphthenol (2.4%), 1-acenaphthenone (2.1%), and cis-1,2-dihydroxyacenaphthene (1.8%). Parallel experiments with rat liver microsomes indicated that the major metabolite formed from acenaphthene by rat liver microsomes was 1-acenaphthenone. The fungal metabolism of acenaphthene was similar to bacterial and mammalian metabolism, since the primary site of enzymatic attack was on the two carbons of the five-member ring. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Pothuluri, J V AU - Freeman, J P AU - Evans, F E AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - Microbiology Division, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 3654 EP - 3659 VL - 58 IS - 11 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Acenaphthenes KW - 0 KW - acenaphthene KW - V8UT1GAC5Y KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Mucorales -- metabolism KW - Acenaphthenes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73436846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Fungal+metabolism+of+acenaphthene+by+Cunninghamella+elegans.&rft.au=Pothuluri%2C+J+V%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BEvans%2C+F+E%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Pothuluri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3654&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-10 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig B. 1977 May;164(3):218-34 [70130] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1982 Nov;11(6):703-7 [7165389] Chem Biol Interact. 1986 Feb;57(2):203-16 [3955791] Xenobiotica. 1973 Oct;3(10):633-42 [4774630] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Jul;48(1):10-6 [6089663] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Aug;48(2):294-300 [6486779] J Chromatogr. 1962 Oct;9:204-15 [14021654] J Ind Microbiol. 1992 Jan;9(1):53-61 [1367975] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 Mar;58(3):937-41 [1575497] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Oct;56(10):2974-83 [2285310] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1986;19(4):519-30 [3783769] Biochem J. 1968 Jul;108(4):577-82 [4299128] Xenobiotica. 1972 Nov;2(6):529-38 [4662544] Biochem J. 1966 Jan;98(1):19-24 [5938643] Chem Biol Interact. 1983 Apr-May;44(1-2):119-32 [6406078] Chem Biol Interact. 1982 Jan;38(2):161-73 [7055849] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 May;54(5):1188-98 [3389812] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polymorphisms for aromatic amine metabolism in humans: relevance for human carcinogenesis. AN - 73432478; 1486865 AB - The metabolic pathways associated with carcinogenic aromatic amines in humans provide an excellent example of polymorphisms that appear to be relevant to human carcinogenesis. In this regard, the N-acetylation of arylamines and the O-acetylation of their N-hydroxy metabolites are catalyzed preferentially by a genetically polymorphic acetyltransferase, high activity of which has been correlated with decreased risk for urinary bladder cancer and increased susceptibility to colorectal cancer. Cytochrome P450IA2, the principal liver enzyme involved in aromatic amine N-oxidation, exhibits a wide interindividual variation that appears trimodal in several populations and is clearly inducible by cigarette smoking and probably other host factors as well. UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases, which catalyze the N-glucuronidation of N-hydroxyarylamines and are likely to be responsible for their transport to the colon, show widely varied but unimodal distributions in humans. In contrast, human liver sulfotransferase activity for N-hydroxyarylamines, which would be expected to decrease their transport through the circulation, is catalyzed by a polymorphic enzyme(s) that is expressed at higher levels in blacks, as compared to whites, and could contribute to their relatively lower incidence of urinary bladder cancer. Peroxidative activation of aromatic amines can also occur, especially from prostaglandin H synthase in the urinary bladder and myeloperoxidase in the lungs of cigarette smokers, and both show considerable individual variability, apparently due to the extent of tissue inflammation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Kadlubar, F F AU - Butler, M A AU - Kaderlik, K R AU - Chou, H C AU - Lang, N P AD - Office of Research (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 69 EP - 74 VL - 98 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Peroxidases KW - EC 1.11.1.- KW - Acetyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.1.- KW - Glucuronosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.1.17 KW - Sulfotransferases KW - EC 2.8.2.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Acetylation KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Colon -- enzymology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Pilot Projects KW - Sulfotransferases -- genetics KW - Sulfotransferases -- metabolism KW - Glucuronosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Acetyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Polymorphism, Genetic -- genetics KW - Amines -- metabolism KW - Glucuronosyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Acetyltransferases -- genetics KW - Peroxidases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73432478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Polymorphisms+for+aromatic+amine+metabolism+in+humans%3A+relevance+for+human+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Kadlubar%2C+F+F%3BButler%2C+M+A%3BKaderlik%2C+K+R%3BChou%2C+H+C%3BLang%2C+N+P&rft.aulast=Kadlubar&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-24 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cancer Res. 1977 Mar;37(3):805-14 [13929] Carcinogenesis. 1991 Aug;12(8):1503-6 [1860171] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Jun 28;177(3):1252-7 [1676262] Carcinogenesis. 1991 Aug;12(8):1417-22 [1907222] DNA Cell Biol. 1991 Sep;10(7):487-94 [1909870] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1991 Apr 3;83(7):501-6 [2005633] Mutat Res. 1991 Mar-Apr;259(3-4):205-17 [2017208] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jun 15;88(12):5350-4 [2052611] Inflammation. 1990 Aug;14(4):447-54 [2166003] Carcinogenesis. 1990 Aug;11(8):1441-4 [2167184] Cancer Res. 1991 Aug 15;51(16):4371-7 [1868460] Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1991 Jun;31(6):661-4 [1907838] Chem Res Toxicol. 1991 Jul-Aug;4(4):391-407 [1912325] Carcinogenesis. 1991 Oct;12(10):1839-45 [1934265] Cancer Res. 1991 Apr 15;51(8):2098-100 [2009528] Mutat Res. 1991 Mar-Apr;259(3-4):235-50 [2017210] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jul 15;88(14):6333-7 [2068113] Chem Res Toxicol. 1990 Nov-Dec;3(6):509-16 [2129415] Inflammation. 1990 Aug;14(4):455-61 [2166004] Mol Pharmacol. 1990 Nov;38(5):744-51 [2172779] Biochem Soc Trans. 1990 Aug;18(4):611-2 [2276465] Cancer Res. 1990 May 15;50(10):3002-4 [2334904] Prog Clin Biol Res. 1990;340B:107-14 [2392442] Cancer Res. 1989 Apr 15;49(8):1977-82 [2495173] Pharmacol Ther. 1989;43(2):261-89 [2506584] Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1989 Nov;46(5):501-9 [2582707] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Oct;86(20):7696-700 [2813353] Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1988 Mar;8(1):27-34 [3042142] Xenobiotica. 1988 Jul;18(7):849-56 [3140501] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988 Aug 3;948(1):37-66 [3293663] Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1987 Aug;42(2):157-65 [3608349] Carcinogenesis. 1987 Dec;8(12):1967-70 [3677322] Cancer Res. 1987 Mar 1;47(5):1466-9 [3815349] Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1974 Jan;15(1):9-17 [4808745] J Occup Med. 1967 Jun;9(6):277-85 [6026374] Biochem Genet. 1984 Dec;22(11-12):997-1014 [6597720] Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1984 Apr;17(4):459-64 [6721992] Carcinogenesis. 1983;4(3):335-8 [6831638] N Engl J Med. 1983 Jul 14;309(2):105-7 [6855860] J Psychiatr Res. 1982-1983;17(3):303-7 [6964793] Am J Ind Med. 1982;3(3):243-6 [7171086] Am J Epidemiol. 1990 Feb;131(2):376-8 [2296989] Int J Cancer. 1990 Jul 15;46(1):22-30 [2365498] Pharmacol Ther. 1990;45(1):1-38 [2405431] Dev Pharmacol Ther. 1989;13(2-4):70-7 [2515047] Carcinogenesis. 1989 Nov;10(11):2149-53 [2805234] Mol Pharmacol. 1987 Jan;31(1):27-34 [3100939] Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1988 Oct;26(4):363-72 [3190986] Biochem Pharmacol. 1987 May 1;36(9):1435-46 [3472524] Cancer Res. 1987 Jan 15;47(2):602-8 [3791245] Carcinogenesis. 1985 Dec;6(12):1721-4 [4064248] Clin Chim Acta. 1984 Apr 13;138(2):185-96 [6586330] Am J Epidemiol. 1984 Apr;119(4):510-5 [6711540] Cancer Res. 1982 Dec;42(12):4875-917 [6814745] Biochem Pharmacol. 1982 May 15;31(10):1893-7 [6954952] Clin Chim Acta. 1981 Dec 24;117(3):333-44 [7032752] Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1978 Jul;24(1):40-5 [657717] Cancer Res. 1976 Jul;36(7 PT 1):2350-9 [819129] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jun 15;88(12):5237-41 [1675794] Chem Res Toxicol. 1991 Mar-Apr;4(2):218-22 [1664258] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigational trends: clean room environmental monitoring. AN - 73358903; 1474432 AB - GMP problems associated with microbiological environmental monitoring are among those most commonly cited as objectionable during FDA inspections of parenteral drug manufacturing facilities. This presentation describes FDA inspection approaches and techniques and audit applications used in evaluating the effectiveness of firms environmental monitoring programs. Environmental monitoring programs involve considerable data, and many variables are interrelated to make difficult detection of patterns and trends during FDA audits. Consequently, systematic computer-aided audit techniques have been developed by the author to permit detection of patterns, trends and GMP documentation problems by the FDA. The strategies and techniques described in this paper may provide management with ideas about ways to review and audit their own environmental data. Presented are some practical details about the use of a portable computer to systematically assess trends and patterns. Several program applications (algorithms) were developed to determine if cleanroom environmental data are under a state of control. JF - Journal of parenteral science and technology : a publication of the Parenteral Drug Association AU - Tetzlaff, R F AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Atlanta, GA. PY - 1992 SP - 206 EP - 214 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0279-7976, 0279-7976 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infusions, Parenteral -- standards KW - Algorithms KW - Automatic Data Processing KW - Drug Industry -- standards KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Environment, Controlled KW - Sterilization -- standards KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73358903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+parenteral+science+and+technology+%3A+a+publication+of+the+Parenteral+Drug+Association&rft.atitle=Investigational+trends%3A+clean+room+environmental+monitoring.&rft.au=Tetzlaff%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Tetzlaff&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+parenteral+science+and+technology+%3A+a+publication+of+the+Parenteral+Drug+Association&rft.issn=02797976&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-02-04 N1 - Date created - 1993-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prenatal dexamethasone exposure in rats: effects of dose, age at exposure, and drug-induced hypophagia on malformations and fetal organ weights. AN - 73311193; 1426713 AB - Glucocorticoids cause stunting and cleft palate in rodents. The aim of this study is to identify fetal organs and developmental periods sensitive to stunting induced by maternal exposure to dexamethasone (DEX). DEX (0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg) or saline was given sc to pregnant CD albino rats on Gestation Days (GD) 9-14 or 14-19. On GD 20 dams were euthanized. Fetuses were weighed and examined for cleft palate. Eight fetuses/litter were randomly selected, and weights were obtained. Fetal skeletons were examined for abnormalities, and long bone measurements were taken. A dose-related decrease in maternal and fetal body weights occurred at both exposure periods. Developmental stage-specific malformations were noted in the high-dose group on GD 9-14 (cleft palate) and on GD 14-19 (wavy ribs). A dose-response in stunting occurred in all organs except cerebellum in at least one exposure period. Across both exposure periods the brain, heart, testes, and long bones were relatively resistant to DEX. Sensitive organs included thymus, spleen, adrenals, lungs, liver, and kidneys. DEX substantially reduced maternal food intake and increased water intake in some dams. Pair-feeding experiments suggested that the hypophagic effect of DEX was not responsible for the noted malformations and had little impact on growth stunting. The present findings have identified fetal organs, skeletal regions, and developmental periods sensitive to DEX exposure. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - LaBorde, J B AU - Hansen, D K AU - Young, J F AU - Sheehan, D M AU - Holson, R R AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 545 EP - 554 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Dexamethasone KW - 7S5I7G3JQL KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Cleft Palate -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Amniotic Fluid -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Dexamethasone -- toxicity KW - Fetus -- drug effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73311193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Prenatal+dexamethasone+exposure+in+rats%3A+effects+of+dose%2C+age+at+exposure%2C+and+drug-induced+hypophagia+on+malformations+and+fetal+organ+weights.&rft.au=LaBorde%2C+J+B%3BHansen%2C+D+K%3BYoung%2C+J+F%3BSheehan%2C+D+M%3BHolson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=LaBorde&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-22 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contrasting respirable quartz and kaolin retention of lecithin surfactant and expression of membranolytic activity following phospholipase A2 digestion. AN - 73291560; 1433378 AB - Respirable-sized quartz, a well-established fibrogenic mineral dust, is compared with kaolin in erythrocyte hemolysis assays after treatment with saline dispersion of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, a primary phospholipid component of pulmonary surfactant. Both dusts are rendered inactive after treatment, but the membranolytic activity is partly to fully restored after treatment with phospholipase A2, an enzyme normally associated with cellular plasma membranes and lysosomes. Phospholipid-coated dusts were incubated for periods of 2-72 h at a series of applied enzyme concentrations, and the adsorbed lipid species and hemolytic activity were quantitated at each time for both dusts. Surfactant was lost more readily from quartz than from kaolin, with consequent more rapid restoration of mineral surface hemolytic activity for quartz. Interactions of surfactant and mineral surface functional groups responsible for the mineral-specific rate differences, and implications for determining the mineral surface bioavailability of silica and silicate dusts, are discussed. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health AU - Wallace, W E AU - Keane, M J AU - Mike, P S AU - Hill, C A AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Regad, E D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, West Virginia. Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 391 EP - 409 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 0098-4108, 0098-4108 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Lysophosphatidylcholines KW - Quartz KW - 14808-60-7 KW - Kaolin KW - 24H4NWX5CO KW - 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine KW - 2644-64-6 KW - Phospholipases A KW - EC 3.1.1.32 KW - Phospholipases A2 KW - EC 3.1.1.4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Erythrocytes -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Sheep KW - Hemolysis KW - Adsorption KW - Lysophosphatidylcholines -- pharmacokinetics KW - Lysophosphatidylcholines -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Biological Availability KW - Kaolin -- toxicity KW - 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine -- pharmacokinetics KW - 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine -- metabolism KW - Erythrocyte Membrane -- drug effects KW - Quartz -- pharmacokinetics KW - Kaolin -- pharmacokinetics KW - Phospholipases A -- drug effects KW - Quartz -- toxicity KW - Phospholipases A -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73291560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Contrasting+respirable+quartz+and+kaolin+retention+of+lecithin+surfactant+and+expression+of+membranolytic+activity+following+phospholipase+A2+digestion.&rft.au=Wallace%2C+W+E%3BKeane%2C+M+J%3BMike%2C+P+S%3BHill%2C+C+A%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BRegad%2C+E+D&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=00984108&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin 1 augments the expression of the interleukin 2 receptor alpha-chain in interleukin 6-stimulated myeloid cells by a transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanism. AN - 73284002; 1426100 AB - We have recently shown that interleukin 6 (IL-6) induces transient expression of the alpha-chain of the interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R alpha) in the murine leukemia myeloid M1 cell line. Others have reported that IL-6 and interleukin 1 (IL-1) synergistically enhance the expression of IL-2R alpha in T cells. Thus, in the present study, we investigated whether IL-1 affects the kinetics of IL-6-induced IL-2R alpha expression in M1 cells. By cytofluorometry, we find that surface expression of IL-2R alpha at 24 h after induction by IL-6 is strongly enhanced by IL-1. However, IL-1 does not change the transient kinetics of expression of IL-2R alpha. Binding data and Scatchard analysis support these results and show an increase from 3100 to 17,620 low-affinity IL-2 binding sites per cell without any change in affinity after induction of M1 cells by the combination of IL-6 and IL-1. By Northern analysis, we find that the increase in IL-2R alpha surface expression after treatment with IL-6 and IL-1 occurs in parallel with an increase in IL-2R alpha but not IL-2R beta mRNA expression. By nuclear run-on analysis and actinomycin-D chase experiments, we find that the increase in IL-2R alpha mRNA expression is due to both an increase in IL-2R alpha gene transcription and to an increase in IL-2R alpha mRNA stability. These data suggest that the IL-6-induced expression of IL-2R alpha can be specifically up-regulated by IL-1, however, without affecting the transient nature in expression of IL-2R alpha. JF - Experimental hematology AU - Ruhl, S AU - Schwabe, M AU - Pluznik, D H AD - Division of Cytokine Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 1208 EP - 1215 VL - 20 IS - 10 SN - 0301-472X, 0301-472X KW - IL-2R&agr; KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Iodine Radioisotopes KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 KW - Dactinomycin KW - 1CC1JFE158 KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Interleukin-2 -- metabolism KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Mice KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- analysis KW - Leukemia, Myeloid KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Half-Life KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- genetics KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Drug Synergism KW - Time Factors KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-1 -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 -- analysis KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational -- genetics KW - Transcription, Genetic -- genetics KW - Bone Marrow -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-6 -- pharmacology KW - Bone Marrow -- chemistry KW - Bone Marrow -- ultrastructure KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73284002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+hematology&rft.atitle=Interleukin+1+augments+the+expression+of+the+interleukin+2+receptor+alpha-chain+in+interleukin+6-stimulated+myeloid+cells+by+a+transcriptional+and+posttranscriptional+mechanism.&rft.au=Ruhl%2C+S%3BSchwabe%2C+M%3BPluznik%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Ruhl&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+hematology&rft.issn=0301472X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - IL-2R&agr; N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Renal cell cancer among paperboard printing workers. AN - 73270685; 1420513 AB - A physician's alert prompted us to investigate workers' cancer risk at a paperboard printing manufacturer. We conducted a retrospective cohort mortality study of all 2,050 persons who had worked at the facility for more than 1 day, calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for bladder and renal cell cancer, and conducted a nested case-control study for renal cell cancer. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) from all causes [SMR = 1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.9-1.2] and all cancers (SMR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.3-1.0) were not greater than expected. One bladder cancer and one renal cell cancer were included in the mortality analysis. Six incident renal cell cancers were observed, however, compared with less than two renal cell cancers expected (SIR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.4-8.1). Based on a nested case-control analysis, the risk of renal cell cancer was associated with overall length of employment but was not limited to any single department or work process. Although pigments containing congeners of dichlorobenzidine and o-toluidine had been used at the plant, environmental sampling could not confirm any current exposure. Several limitations and a potential selection bias limit the inferences that can be drawn. JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Sinks, T AU - Lushniak, B AU - Haussler, B J AU - Sniezek, J AU - Deng, J F AU - Roper, P AU - Dill, P AU - Coates, R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 483 EP - 489 VL - 3 IS - 6 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Cause of Death KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Incidence KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Paper KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Carcinoma, Renal Cell -- etiology KW - Printing KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Carcinoma, Renal Cell -- mortality KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality KW - Carcinoma, Renal Cell -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73270685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Renal+cell+cancer+among+paperboard+printing+workers.&rft.au=Sinks%2C+T%3BLushniak%2C+B%3BHaussler%2C+B+J%3BSniezek%2C+J%3BDeng%2C+J+F%3BRoper%2C+P%3BDill%2C+P%3BCoates%2C+R&rft.aulast=Sinks&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the human immunoglobulin kappa gene 3' enhancer: functional importance of three motifs that demonstrate B-cell-specific in vivo footprints. AN - 73236906; 1406692 AB - Using a combination of in vivo footprinting and site-directed mutagenesis, we have functionally characterized an enhancer located 12 kb downstream of the human immunoglobulin kappa constant-region gene. The core enhancer region is highly homologous to the murine 3' kappa enhancer. However, in addition to two regulatory elements homologous to the functional motifs of the murine enhancer, we find a third positive regulatory element in the human enhancer. This element is associated with an 11/12-bp direct repeat (DR) that is well conserved in the murine locus but was not recognized as functionally important in the murine enhancer. Mutation of any of the three motifs of the human enhancer decreases its activity to 3 to 20% of the wild-type level, indicating cooperative interaction between these elements. The DR motif does not resemble any known enhancer element and does not appear to function as a transcriptional activator on its own when present in multiple copies. Interestingly, nuclear extracts from both B- and T-cell lines contain factors binding to DR in vitro, but in vivo footprinting shows no evidence of protein-DNA binding in the T-cell line. This finding suggests that an additional regulatory mechanism, such as the effect of chromatin configuration on accessibility, may be involved in the B-cell-restricted activity of the human 3' kappa enhancer. JF - Molecular and cellular biology AU - Judde, J G AU - Max, E E AD - Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 5206 EP - 5216 VL - 12 IS - 11 SN - 0270-7306, 0270-7306 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Organ Specificity -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Binding Sites KW - Enhancer Elements, Genetic KW - B-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73236906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+human+immunoglobulin+kappa+gene+3%27+enhancer%3A+functional+importance+of+three+motifs+that+demonstrate+B-cell-specific+in+vivo+footprints.&rft.au=Judde%2C+J+G%3BMax%2C+E+E&rft.aulast=Judde&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biology&rft.issn=02707306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-11-16 N1 - Date created - 1992-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nature. 1979 Aug 2;280(5721):370-5 [111146] Immunol Today. 1992 Jan;13(1):31-6 [1739428] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jan 15;89(2):599-602 [1731330] Science. 1990 Jan 26;247(4941):467-70 [2105528] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Jun;10(6):3155-62 [2111447] Cell. 1990 Apr 6;61(1):49-59 [2156629] Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Apr 11;18(7):1749-56 [2186365] Cell. 1989 Aug 11;58(3):537-44 [2503252] Science. 1989 Nov 10;246(4931):810-3 [2814502] Cell. 1987 Jan 30;48(2):261-70 [3026639] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(2):488-92 [3881765] Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499-560 [6246368] Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:582-98 [6888276] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Jan;12(1):38-44 [1309593] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Feb;11(2):1040-7 [1899281] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Jun;10(6):3145-54 [2111446] Eur J Immunol. 1990 Jun;20(6):1409-11 [2115001] Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Oct 11;18(19):5609-15 [2120679] Science. 1990 Nov 23;250(4984):1104-10 [2174572] Genes Dev. 1990 Sep;4(9):1451-3 [2253872] EMBO J. 1989 Jul;8(7):1959-64 [2507312] Science. 1989 Nov 10;246(4931):780-6 [2814500] Genes Dev. 1987 Nov;1(9):962-72 [2828177] Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Jul 10;15(13):5490 [3037497] EMBO J. 1986 Oct;5(10):2689-96 [3536481] Science. 1985 Jan 11;227(4683):134-40 [3917574] Nature. 1983 Aug 4-10;304(5925):447-9 [6308460] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Dec;75(12):5851-4 [16592594] EMBO J. 1991 Sep;10(9):2569-76 [1678348] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Jan;12(1):368-78 [1729611] EMBO J. 1991 Sep;10(9):2559-67 [1714382] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1992 Elda E. Anderson Award presented to Kimberlee J. Kearfott. AN - 73213502; 1399633 JF - Health physics AU - Connell, C AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, United States Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia. Y1 - 1992/11// PY - 1992 DA - November 1992 SP - 493 EP - 494 VL - 63 IS - 5 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Index Medicus KW - History of medicine KW - Anderson KW - Kearfott KW - United States KW - History, 20th Century KW - Societies, Scientific KW - Health Physics -- history KW - Awards and Prizes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73213502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=1992+Elda+E.+Anderson+Award+presented+to+Kimberlee+J.+Kearfott.&rft.au=Connell%2C+C&rft.aulast=Connell&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-11-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=493&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-11-19 N1 - Date created - 1992-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - People - Anderson; Kearfott N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anderson; Kearfott ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of aflatoxins in food products by chromatography. AN - 73520853; 1494012 AB - Several chromatographic methods for the determination of aflatoxins in agricultural and food products are reviewed. During the past two decades, identification and determination of aflatoxins were done by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) because it was easy, fast and inexpensive. However, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using fluorescence detection is now the method of choice for determining aflatoxins and is also growing in popularity for their identification. The reasons for selecting HPLC over TLC can be summarized as the ability to analyze for a wide variety of compounds, including compounds that are easily degraded by heat, light or air, the ease of adaptation to confirmatory procedures, the potential for automation and the dramatic improvement in instrumentation, including the development of increasingly sensitive fluorescence and electrochemical detectors and short, high-resolution, reversed-phase columns. JF - Journal of chromatography AU - Holcomb, M AU - Wilson, D M AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Thompson, H C AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1992/10/30/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Oct 30 SP - 341 EP - 352 VL - 624 IS - 1-2 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Chromatography -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73520853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.atitle=Determination+of+aflatoxins+in+food+products+by+chromatography.&rft.au=Holcomb%2C+M%3BWilson%2C+D+M%3BTrucksess%2C+M+W%3BThompson%2C+H+C&rft.aulast=Holcomb&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-10-30&rft.volume=624&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-11 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of IL-2 functional structure by multiple cysteine substitutions. AN - 73352685; 1445335 AB - IL-2 has three cysteine residues. The cysteines at positions 58 and 105 of active IL-2 form an intramolecular disulfide bond while that at position 125 remains as a free form. To evaluate the importance of correct disulfide bond, mutant proteins (muteins) that have triple and double substitutions of cysteines with alanines, namely A58/105/125 and A58/125, were made by polymerase chain reaction method respectively. Thymidine incorporation assay on CTLL-2 cells showed that although these two muteins were only 0.5-2.0% as potent as that of wild type IL-2, they were 50-200 fold more active than A58, a mutein that has substitution of cysteine at position 58 with alanine. Binding inhibition study showed that the relative affinity of muteins A58/125 and A58/105/125 for high affinity IL-2 receptors was 5-25 fold higher than that of A58. These results suggest that the dramatic decrease in the activity of mutein A58 may result from the formation of an incorrect disulfide bond between the cysteines at positions 105 and 125. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Rong, Y AU - Lee, N AU - Liang, S M AD - Division of Cytokine Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1992/10/30/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Oct 30 SP - 949 EP - 955 VL - 188 IS - 2 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Interleukin-2 KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Binding, Competitive KW - Plasmids KW - Molecular Weight KW - DNA Replication -- drug effects KW - Cell Line KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Interleukin-2 -- pharmacology KW - Interleukin-2 -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-2 -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73352685?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+IL-2+functional+structure+by+multiple+cysteine+substitutions.&rft.au=Rong%2C+Y%3BLee%2C+N%3BLiang%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Rong&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1992-10-30&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=949&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-04 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NMR structural studies of a 15-mer DNA sequence from a ras protooncogene, modified at the first base of codon 61 with the carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl. AN - 73203474; 1327120 AB - Proton NMR studies were conducted on the complementary 15-mer duplex d(5'-TACTCTTCTTGACCT).(5'-AGGTCAAGAAGAGTA) (designated as unmodified 15-mer duplex) spanning a portion of the mouse c-Ha-ras protooncogene centered around codon 61. Identical studies were carried out on the same sequence, after specific modification with a reactive derivative of the carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), which resulted in incorporation of a single N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl (dG-C8-ABP) adduct in the noncoding strand (designated as ABP-modified 15-mer duplex). The adduct was located at the position corresponding to the first base of codon 61. The NMR data for the unmodified 15-mer duplex were fully consistent with a standard right-handed B-type DNA duplex conformation, with the possible exception of the frayed terminal base pairs. The ABP-modified 15-mer duplex was found to adopt one major conformation, although at least one additional conformation could be detected especially near room temperature. The major form, which exhibited strikingly similar NOE patterns as to those of the parent oligomer, both in H2O and D2O spectra, assumed a standard Watson-Crick base pairing throughout the entire length of the duplex, including the modification site and its flanking base pairs. Although some local perturbation of the helix could be detected in the vicinity of the modified guanosine, the NOE distance constraints established that the helix was globally right-handed and that the glycosidic torsion angles had the normal anti orientation, both at the modified base and its partner cytidine. Furthermore, the absence of strong NOE interactions between protons in the ABP moiety, which was rapidly rotating, and the nucleic acid protons was consistent with positioning of the arylamine moiety in the major groove of a weakly distorted double-helical structure. Although insufficient data prevented a detailed characterization of the minor conformer(s), the observation of significant shieldings for all the arylamine protons indicated a different orientation at the modified site in the minor contributor(s), possibly with extensive stacking between the ABP fragment and the neighboring bases. JF - Biochemistry AU - Cho, B P AU - Beland, F A AU - Marques, M M AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1992/10/13/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Oct 13 SP - 9587 EP - 9602 VL - 31 IS - 40 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - ras KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Codon KW - Protons KW - 4-biphenylamine KW - 16054949HJ KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Temperature KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Genes, ras KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens -- chemistry KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73203474?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=NMR+structural+studies+of+a+15-mer+DNA+sequence+from+a+ras+protooncogene%2C+modified+at+the+first+base+of+codon+61+with+the+carcinogen+4-aminobiphenyl.&rft.au=Cho%2C+B+P%3BBeland%2C+F+A%3BMarques%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Cho&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-10-13&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=40&rft.spage=9587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-11-18 N1 - Date created - 1992-11-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - ras N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - WILLIAM H. NATCHER BUILDING, PHASE II, LOCATED ON NIH BETHESDA CAMPUS, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND. AN - 36412340; 4204 AB - PURPOSE: The construction of a new office building on the campus of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland, is proposed. The office building, to be designated as the William H. Natcher Building, Phase II (Natcher II), would consolidate approximately 2,450 NIH management and extramural program staff into one facility. Consequently, employees who are currently located in six off-campus leased buildings throughout Montgomery County would be relocated to the NIH campus. The proposed seven-story building would consist of 583,000 gross square feet (gsf) of office space and a 490,000-gsf, three-and-a-half-level underground parking garage. A total of 1,415 underground and surface parking spaces would be provided for employees and visitors. Under the preferred alternative, the building would be located on the NIH campus between the National Library of Medicine and the Medical Center Metrorail station, extending east and north from Natcher I, which is presently under construction. Two other alternatives are also considered in this draft EIS: a No Action Alternative and a single off-campus site, or complex, built to meet NIH space requirements and located along the Metrorail line serving the NIH campus. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The new building would enhance extramural, intramural, and management activities through improved interactions; increase staff productivity; reduce operating costs; and improve administrative efficiency overall. By reducing commuting requirements for NIH employees, the project would help to conserve energy and improve air quality in the area. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Construction of the on-campus site would increase the NIH campus population from 16,650 to 19,100, resulting in additional traffic on a congested road network. The construction would adversely affect 4.5 acres of open land and result in the destruction of 40 mature trees. LEGAL MANDATES: Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq.). JF - EPA number: 930272, 624 pages, October 9, 1992 PY - 1992 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Air Quality KW - Buildings KW - Cultural Resources KW - Parking KW - Research Facilities KW - Roads KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Maryland KW - Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, NPDES Permits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36412340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-10-09&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=WILLIAM+H.+NATCHER+BUILDING%2C+PHASE+II%2C+LOCATED+ON+NIH+BETHESDA+CAMPUS%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.title=WILLIAM+H.+NATCHER+BUILDING%2C+PHASE+II%2C+LOCATED+ON+NIH+BETHESDA+CAMPUS%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; HHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 9, 1992 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of teratogens on maternal corticosterone levels and cleft incidence in A/J mice. AN - 73469662; 1494023 AB - It is unknown whether orofacial clefting, one consequence of teratogenic exposure, results from a direct interaction between the teratogen and the embryonic palate, or indirectly from maternal alterations caused by the teratogen. In the current study pregnant A/J mice were exposed to one of three cleft-inducing agents in order to examine the relationship between drug-induced clefting and the response of maternal plasma corticosterone to drug administration. The agents used, haloperidol (HAL), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), or phenytoin (PHT), were administered in teratogenic doses between 0800 and 0930 on gestational day 10 (GD 10). For corticosterone determinations, mice were dosed on GD 10, and blood was collected at 1, 4, 24, or 48 hr after dosing. For fetal evaluation of cleft lip and/or cleft palate, mice were dosed on GD 10 and killed on GD 18. Phenytoin was the most potent inducer of cleft lip and palate and induced a sustained elevation of plasma corticosterone in maternal animals. The other treatments, in order of decreasing potency to induce clefting and/or cause an elevation of corticosterone in plasma were 2,4,5-T > HAL > controls. Correlations between maternal corticosterone levels and clefting incidence were very high at all time points examined; total exposure (area under the curve) was also highly correlated. A linear relationship between drug-induced increases in maternal corticosterone levels and the incidence of clefting in A/J mice was evident. Based on these findings, we believe that increased maternal corticosterone levels may play a role in orofacial clefting in A/J mice. JF - Journal of craniofacial genetics and developmental biology AU - Sullivan-Jones, P AU - Hansen, D K AU - Sheehan, D M AU - Holson, R R AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas. PY - 1992 SP - 183 EP - 189 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 0270-4145, 0270-4145 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Phenytoin KW - 6158TKW0C5 KW - 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid KW - 9Q963S4YMX KW - Haloperidol KW - J6292F8L3D KW - Corticosterone KW - W980KJ009P KW - Index Medicus KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred A KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Animals KW - Phenytoin -- toxicity KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Time Factors KW - Haloperidol -- toxicity KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Cleft Palate -- chemically induced KW - Corticosterone -- blood KW - Pregnancy, Animal -- blood KW - Cleft Lip -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73469662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+craniofacial+genetics+and+developmental+biology&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+teratogens+on+maternal+corticosterone+levels+and+cleft+incidence+in+A%2FJ+mice.&rft.au=Sullivan-Jones%2C+P%3BHansen%2C+D+K%3BSheehan%2C+D+M%3BHolson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Sullivan-Jones&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+craniofacial+genetics+and+developmental+biology&rft.issn=02704145&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-03-08 N1 - Date created - 1993-03-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of eight bioaerosol samplers challenged with aerosols of free bacteria. AN - 73378987; 1456208 AB - The need to quantify airborne microorganisms in the commercial microbiology industry (biotechnology) and during evaluations of indoor air quality, infectious disease outbreaks, and agriculture health investigations has shown there is a major technological void in bioaerosol sampling techniques to measure and identify viable and nonviable aerosols. As commercialization of microbiology increases and diversifies, it is increasingly necessary to assess occupational exposure to bioaerosols. Meaningful exposure estimates, by using area or environmental samplers, can only be ensured by the generation of data that are both precise and accurate. The Andersen six-stage viable (microbial) particle sizing sampler (6-STG) and the Ace Glass all-glass impinger-30 (AGI-30) have been suggested as the samplers of choice for the collection of viable microorganisms by the International Aerobiology Symposium and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Some researchers consider these samplers inconvenient for evaluating industrial bioprocesses and indoor or outdoor environments. Alternative samplers for the collection of bioaerosols are available; however, limited information has been reported on their collection efficiencies. A study of the relative sampling efficiencies of eight bioaerosol samplers has been completed. Eight samplers were individually challenged with a bioaerosol, created with a Collison nebulizer, of either Bacillus subtilis or Escherichia coli. The samplers were evaluated under controlled conditions in a horizontal bioaerosol chamber. During each experimental run, simultaneous samples were collected with a reference AGI-30 to verify the concentration of microorganisms in the chamber from run to run and day to day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Jensen, P A AU - Todd, W F AU - Davis, G N AU - Scarpino, P V AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Public Health Service, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1099. Y1 - 1992/10// PY - 1992 DA - October 1992 SP - 660 EP - 667 VL - 53 IS - 10 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Bacillus subtilis -- isolation & purification KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- instrumentation KW - Air Microbiology KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73378987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+eight+bioaerosol+samplers+challenged+with+aerosols+of+free+bacteria.&rft.au=Jensen%2C+P+A%3BTodd%2C+W+F%3BDavis%2C+G+N%3BScarpino%2C+P+V&rft.aulast=Jensen&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-10-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=660&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-01-06 N1 - Date created - 1993-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurobehavioral effects from acute exposures to methyl isobutyl ketone and methyl ethyl ketone. AN - 73366213; 1459376 AB - Subjects were tested for neurobehavioral performance in an environmental chamber to detect the presence of subclinical central nervous system effects from 4-hr exposures to methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) at 100 ppm, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) at 200 ppm, MIBK at 50 ppm with MEK at 100 ppm, or a placebo (i.e., a 5-min presentation of 25 ppm MEK-MIBK at each exposure period outset). Subjects were 68 males and 75 females recruited from local universities; ages ranged from 18 to 32 years. Ethanol by ingestion (95%-0.84 ml/kg) was used as a positive control. Five psychomotor tests (choice reaction time [CRT], simple reaction time [SRT], visual vigilance, dual task [auditory tone discrimination and tracking], memory scanning), one sensorimotor test (postural sway), and a test of mood (profile of mood states) were used to measure neurobehavioral effects. Additionally, chemical measurements (blood and breath) and reports of sensory and irritant effects were measured. The chemical exposures produced statistically significant performance effects on only 4 of 32 measures (% correct responses-visual vigilance, movement time-CRT, SRT, % incorrect responses-dual task). These effects, however, were not substantial and could not be attributed directly to the chemical exposures. Alcohol ingestion, however, produced significant decrements on every performance test except memory scanning and mood. An interaction occurred between gender and alcohol ingestion, such that more statistically significant performance decrements were found for females than for males. Significant odor sensations and irritant effects were reported by the subjects during the chemical exposures. The MEK results agree with earlier MEK experiments at comparable exposure conditions, and the MIBK results are consistent with a recent Swedish study that used MIBK exposures and showed no significant behavioral performance decrements from single MIBK exposures at 50 ppm with 50 W exercise. Additionally, the MIBK-MEK combination exposure showed no evidence of any interaction effects on either the behavioral or chemical measurements. The principal effects resulting from exposures to MEK and MIBK at the durations and concentrations used in the study are limited to sensory and irritant effects. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Dick, R B AU - Krieg, E F AU - Setzer, J AU - Taylor, B AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1992/10// PY - 1992 DA - October 1992 SP - 453 EP - 473 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Butanones KW - 0 KW - methylethyl ketone KW - 6PT9KLV9IO KW - Methyl n-Butyl Ketone KW - 6QDY60NH6N KW - methyl isobutyl ketone KW - U5T7B88CNP KW - Index Medicus KW - Reaction Time -- drug effects KW - Affect -- drug effects KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Memory -- drug effects KW - Body Burden KW - Humans KW - Air -- analysis KW - Psychomotor Performance -- drug effects KW - Arousal -- drug effects KW - Adult KW - Posture -- physiology KW - Adolescent KW - Breath Tests KW - Female KW - Male KW - Methyl n-Butyl Ketone -- pharmacokinetics KW - Behavior -- drug effects KW - Butanones -- toxicity KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Nervous System Diseases -- pathology KW - Butanones -- pharmacokinetics KW - Methyl n-Butyl Ketone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73366213?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Neurobehavioral+effects+from+acute+exposures+to+methyl+isobutyl+ketone+and+methyl+ethyl+ketone.&rft.au=Dick%2C+R+B%3BKrieg%2C+E+F%3BSetzer%2C+J%3BTaylor%2C+B&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-10-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-01-13 N1 - Date created - 1993-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An investigation of dust generation by free falling powders. AN - 73356838; 1456205 AB - To identify the dust generation processes, aluminum oxide powder was dropped as a free falling slug in a test chamber. The effect of the slug's mass, diameter, and drop height upon the aerosol concentration and size distribution was measured with an aerodynamic particle sizer. To differentiate between aerosol generated during the free fall and at the end of the fall, the slug was dropped either onto a flat surface or into a container of water that suppressed dust generation associated with the impact at the end of the fall. Aerosol generation occurred during the slug's free fall as well as at the end of the fall. The falling solid induced an airflow that followed the falling solid to the end of the fall. This induced airflow contained the aerosol generated during the free fall. At the end of the free fall, the induced airflow, combined with air jets created on impact, dispersed the aerosol throughout the test chamber. Additional measurements were made by using "neutral buoyancy" helium-filled bubbles to visualize the airflow in the test chamber. The airflow and ensuing turbulence were sufficient to keep large, inspirable particles suspended throughout the test chamber for periods greater than 10 min. During experimental work, the effect of drop height, mass, and slug diameter upon aerosol generation by a single slug of powder was studied. The results indicated that the manner in which a powder is handled may be as important as material dustiness as measured by a dustiness tester. Aerosol generation can be reduced by minimizing the contact between the falling powder and the air. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Heitbrink, W A AU - Baron, P A AU - Willeke, K AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1992/10// PY - 1992 DA - October 1992 SP - 617 EP - 624 VL - 53 IS - 10 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Dust KW - Powders KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Gravitation KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Air Movements KW - Surface Properties KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Powders -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73356838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=An+investigation+of+dust+generation+by+free+falling+powders.&rft.au=Heitbrink%2C+W+A%3BBaron%2C+P+A%3BWilleke%2C+K&rft.aulast=Heitbrink&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-10-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=617&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-01-06 N1 - Date created - 1993-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues--a plan for improved participation by governments. AN - 73325922; 1438994 AB - The Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues (CCPR), which is responsible for establishing maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides on food, has a vital role in protecting the public health and facilitating international trade. Codex MRLs are based on scientific evaluations by expert panels that constitute the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR). These panelists estimate an acceptable daily intake for a pesticide and expected level of residue remaining in food when the pesticide is used according to good agricultural practice. The goals of the CCPR are not being fully achieved. Governments are generally not accepting Codex MRLs; instead, technical and procedural aspects of the JMPR and CCPR process are being criticized. The CCPR is responding to valid criticisms of the process; however, governments may still lack the will to seek harmonization of pesticide limits for food in international trade. Overcoming this problem will be difficult, but not impossible. A plan of action is proposed that allows countries to selectively accept Codex MRLs, increase the number of chemicals in the JMPR/CCPR system for evaluation, and be responsive to both their consumers and their food producers without compromising national health and safety standards and competitive trade advantages. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Wessel, J R AD - Office of Regulatory Affairs, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1992/10// PY - 1992 DA - October 1992 SP - 126 EP - 149 VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - World Health Organization KW - International Cooperation KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - United Nations KW - Food Contamination -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - International Agencies UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73325922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Codex+Committee+on+Pesticide+Residues--a+plan+for+improved+participation+by+governments.&rft.au=Wessel%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Wessel&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-10-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cost-effectiveness of a back school intervention for municipal employees. AN - 73322447; 1440013 AB - This study investigated the effect of a back school rehabilitation program on lost work time, lost time cost, medical cost, and number of injuries in municipal employees. Seventy back-injured workers who participated in a 6-week back school were compared on the dependent variables with 70 randomly selected back-injured city employees who had not participated in a back school. Back school participants demonstrated a significant decrease on all dependent variables. Back school participants had significantly fewer injuries in the 6-month postintervention period. No statistically significant differences were found between groups on the time and cost variables. Actual dollars saved in lost time and medical costs between groups was of practical value to the city. Study findings offer support for the back school as a cost-effective measure. JF - Spine AU - Brown, K C AU - Sirles, A T AU - Hilyer, J C AU - Thomas, M J AD - NIOSH Deep South Center for Occupational Safety and Health, University of Alabama School of Nursing, Birmingham. Y1 - 1992/10// PY - 1992 DA - October 1992 SP - 1224 EP - 1228 VL - 17 IS - 10 SN - 0362-2436, 0362-2436 KW - Index Medicus KW - Alabama -- epidemiology KW - Patient Education as Topic KW - Humans KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Absenteeism KW - Local Government KW - Occupational Health Services -- economics KW - Occupational Diseases -- economics KW - Exercise Therapy -- economics KW - Back Pain -- etiology KW - Back Pain -- rehabilitation KW - Back Injuries KW - Occupational Diseases -- rehabilitation KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73322447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Spine&rft.atitle=Cost-effectiveness+of+a+back+school+intervention+for+municipal+employees.&rft.au=Brown%2C+K+C%3BSirles%2C+A+T%3BHilyer%2C+J+C%3BThomas%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Spine&rft.issn=03622436&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-04 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The onset of oncogene hypomethylation in the livers of rats fed methyl-deficient, amino acid-defined diets. AN - 73288487; 1330345 AB - This study examines proto-oncogene hypomethylation in rat livers during the early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis by dietary methyl deprivation in the presence and absence of initiation by diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Male weanling F344 rats were fed a complete diet, or a diet deficient in methionine and choline (MDD). Half the animals in each dietary group were given a single initiating dose of DEN (20 mg/kg). Animals from each of the treatment groups were killed at 1, 3, 8, 16 and 32 weeks, and hepatic DNA was isolated. This DNA was digested with the restriction enzymes MspI and HpaII to determine the extent of methylation of the CCGG sequences in c-Ha-ras, c-Ki-ras and c-fos proto-oncogenes. The results indicate that the administration of the MDD produced hypomethylation of these proto-oncogenes at all times investigated, independent of DEN initiation. The methylation changes in the c-Ha-ras gene increased in intensity throughout the experiment until at 32 weeks they were similar to the patterns seen in both neoplastic and preneoplastic livers of rats fed the deficient diet for 18 months. These results demonstrate that early, selective hypomethylation of some, but not all, CCGG sites occurs in rats undergoing hepatocarcinogenesis by dietary methyl deprivation. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Zapisek, W F AU - Cronin, G M AU - Lyn-Cook, B D AU - Poirier, L A AD - Division of Nutritional Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1992/10// PY - 1992 DA - October 1992 SP - 1869 EP - 1872 VL - 13 IS - 10 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Ha-ras KW - c-Ha-ras KW - c-Ki-ras KW - c-fos KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - DNA Probes KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - Diethylnitrosamine KW - 3IQ78TTX1A KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Cocarcinogenesis KW - Diet KW - Methylation KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Proto-Oncogenes -- physiology KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- metabolism KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- metabolism KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- genetics KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Amino Acids -- pharmacology KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73288487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=The+onset+of+oncogene+hypomethylation+in+the+livers+of+rats+fed+methyl-deficient%2C+amino+acid-defined+diets.&rft.au=Zapisek%2C+W+F%3BCronin%2C+G+M%3BLyn-Cook%2C+B+D%3BPoirier%2C+L+A&rft.aulast=Zapisek&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1869&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-11-27 N1 - Date created - 1992-11-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - Ha-ras; c-Ha-ras; c-Ki-ras; c-fos N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Why is the Food and Drug Administration interested in dietary fatty acids and thrombosis? AN - 73262956; 1414978 JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition AU - Glinsmann, W H AD - Division of Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1992/10// PY - 1992 DA - October 1992 VL - 56 IS - 4 Suppl SN - 0002-9165, 0002-9165 KW - Dietary Fats KW - 0 KW - Fatty Acids KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Thrombosis -- chemically induced KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Fatty Acids -- adverse effects KW - Dietary Fats -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73262956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.atitle=Why+is+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration+interested+in+dietary+fatty+acids+and+thrombosis%3F&rft.au=Glinsmann%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Glinsmann&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-10-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4+Suppl&rft.spage=785S&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.issn=00029165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-11-02 N1 - Date created - 1992-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of interferon signaling in human fibroblasts by phorbol esters. AN - 73249195; 1406637 AB - Phorbol esters activate the expression of a variety of early-response genes through protein kinase C-dependent pathways. In addition, phorbol esters may promote cell growth by the inhibition of expression of cellular gene products regulated by antiproliferative agents such as interferons (IFN)s. In human diploid fibroblasts, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) selectively inhibits the IFN-alpha-induced cellular gene ISG54. Using transient transfection assays, we have delineated two elements in the promoter of this gene that are necessary for the inhibitory actions of PMA. These elements include (i) the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) which is necessary for IFN-alpha-induced cellular gene expression, and (ii) an element located near the site of transcription initiation. IFN-alpha treatment resulted in the rapid induction of ISGF3, a multisubunit transcription factor which binds to the ISRE. PMA caused a substantial reduction in IFN alpha-induced ISGF3 in both nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts, as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays with the ISRE as a probe. In vitro reconstitution experiments revealed that IFN-alpha activation of the ISGF3 alpha component of ISGF3 was not affected by PMA. Further experiments were consistent with the possibility that PMA regulated the activity of a cellular factor which competed with ISGF3 gamma for binding of the activated ISGF3 alpha polypeptides. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays using the cap site of ISG54 as a probe demonstrated the formation of a specific complex whose DNA binding activity was not affected by treatment of cells with PMA or IFN-alpha. Competitive inhibition studies were consistent with the DNA-protein complex at the cap site of ISG54 containing proteins with DNA binding sites in common with those which also interact with the ISRE. These data suggest a unique regulatory mechanism by which phorbol esters can modulate IFN signaling. JF - Molecular and cellular biology AU - Petricoin, E F AU - Hackett, R H AU - Akai, H AU - Igarashi, K AU - Finbloom, D S AU - Larner, A C AD - Division of Cytokine Biology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1992/10// PY - 1992 DA - October 1992 SP - 4486 EP - 4495 VL - 12 IS - 10 SN - 0270-7306, 0270-7306 KW - ISG54 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - Interferon-alpha KW - Colforsin KW - 1F7A44V6OU KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Colforsin -- pharmacology KW - Base Sequence KW - Transfection KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Cell Line KW - Fibroblasts KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Interferon-alpha -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Interferon-alpha -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73249195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biology&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+interferon+signaling+in+human+fibroblasts+by+phorbol+esters.&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+E+F%3BHackett%2C+R+H%3BAkai%2C+H%3BIgarashi%2C+K%3BFinbloom%2C+D+S%3BLarner%2C+A+C&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1992-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=4486&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biology&rft.issn=02707306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-26 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - ISG54 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Cell. 1988 Sep 9;54(6):903-13 [3409321] Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Jul;8(7):2787-96 [3136322] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Sep;84(18):6394-8 [3476954] Cell. 1987 May 8;49(3):415-22 [3494524] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Apr;81(7):1991-5 [6326095] Cell. 1980 May;20(1):119-30 [6446404] Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Aug 25;19(16):4387-93 [1832217] EMBO J. 1991 Apr;10(4):927-32 [1901265] Cell. 1991 Nov 1;67(3):557-67 [1934060] Cell. 1990 Apr 20;61(2):267-78 [2110031] Science. 1990 Sep 14;249(4974):1266-72 [2119054] Cell Regul. 1990 Aug;1(9):707-13 [2127700] Cell. 1990 Sep 21;62(6):1189-204 [2169351] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(21):8555-9 [2236065] Genes Dev. 1990 Oct;4(10):1753-65 [2249773] Mol Cell Biol. 1990 Jun;10(6):2448-57 [2342456] Annu Rev Biochem. 1987;56:727-77 [2441659] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Oct 31;156(2):701-5 [2461196] J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 25;264(6):3252-5 [2464596] Science. 1989 May 5;244(4904):575-7 [2470148] Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294-9 [518835] J Biol Chem. 1992 May 5;267(13):8785-8 [1374380] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Mar;12(3):1352-6 [1545816] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Sep 1;88(17):7459-63 [1652751] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Sep 15;88(18):7913-7 [1654549] New Biol. 1990 Oct;2(10):923-8 [1706625] Mol Cell Biol. 1992 Jan;12(1):1-9 [1729591] Genes Dev. 1991 Dec;5(12A):2212-24 [1748279] Genes Dev. 1989 Mar;3(3):293-303 [2498162] Genes Dev. 1989 Sep;3(9):1362-71 [2606351] Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Aug;9(8):3533-7 [2796995] J Biol Chem. 1988 Dec 5;263(34):18466-72 [2848037] Nature. 1988 Aug 25;334(6184):661-5 [3045562] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(23):8929-33 [3466167] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Assistive Technology Devices and Home Accessibility Features: Prevalence, Payment, Need, and Trends. AN - 62858500; ED351814 AB - Presented is a report of findings of a 1990 National Health Interview Survey on Assistive Devices which indicated that about 5.3 percent of the American population are using assistive technology to accommodate physical impairments. Background information defines "assistive technology," describe uses, and reviews recent federal legislative and policy initiatives in this area. The interview protocol is described in some detail. Findings are reported for: (1) prevalence of assistive technology devices and home accessibility features (e.g., about 13 million Americans use assistive devices and 7.1 million live in homes adapted for persons with impairments; (2) age patterns (52 percent of users are over 65 years of age); (3) prevalence rates in the general population (1 percent of persons under 25 and nearly 35 percent of persons over 75 years of age); (4) source of payment (48 percent said self or family paid for the devices); (5) unmet needs (2.5 million persons appear to have unmet needs for assistive technology devices; (6) poverty (people with low family incomes are more likely to use such devices); and trends (use of these devices increased faster than did the population even when data is adjusted for an aging population). Seven tables detail the findings. (DB) AU - LaPlante, Mitchell P. Y1 - 1992/09/16/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Sep 16 SP - 13 PB - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics, 6525 Belcrest Rd., Hyattsville, MD 20782 (to receive publication regularly call 301-436-8500). IS - 217 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Sensory Aids KW - Financial Support KW - Needs Assessment KW - National Surveys KW - Adults KW - Assistive Devices (for Disabled) KW - Costs KW - Accessibility (for Disabled) KW - Older Adults KW - Mobility Aids KW - Incidence KW - Trend Analysis KW - Age Differences KW - Physical Disabilities UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62858500?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - LFA-1 adhesion molecules are not involved in the early stages of HIV-1 env-mediated cell membrane fusion. AN - 73382403; 1457205 AB - A recently developed sensitive assay to examine the early stages of HIV-1 env-mediated cell fusion is based on the redistribution of fluorescent dyes between membranes and cytoplasm of adjacent cells, monitored by fluorescence video microscopy. This assay demonstrated that membrane fusion can occur under conditions where no syncytia are formed. Fusion started earlier than syncytia formation and was not very sensitive to HIV-1 env+/CD4+ cell ratios. In the current study, this assay was used to determine the role of LFA-1 in HIV-1 env-mediated membrane fusion and syncytia formation. CD4- LFA-1- Epstein-Barr virus transformed lines from two leukocyte adhesion deficiency patients were infected with recombinant vaccinia expressing gp120/41 (HIV-IIIB), and cocultured with CD4+ subclones of the human T cell line CEM, which were generated by chemical mutagenesis and express either normal (LFA-1+), or low levels of LFA-1 (LFA-1lo). It was found that the LFA-1lo T-cell clone formed much smaller and fewer syncytia compared to the LFA-1+ subclones, but both clones fused equally well with the gp120/41 expressing LFA-1- B cells as monitored by redistribution of fluorescent dyes. Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies against the LFA-1 molecules reduced the number of syncytia formed but had no effect on membrane fusion. These findings demonstrate that the adhesion molecule LFA-1 does not play a crucial role in the early events of HIV-1 env-mediated cell membrane fusion, but may contribute to the later events leading to giant cell formation. JF - AIDS research and human retroviruses AU - Golding, H AU - Dimitrov, D S AU - Blumenthal, R AD - Division of Virology, CBER, FDA, Bethesda, MD. Y1 - 1992/09// PY - 1992 DA - September 1992 SP - 1593 EP - 1598 VL - 8 IS - 9 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD4 KW - Gene Products, env KW - Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Antigens, CD4 -- physiology KW - Gene Products, env -- physiology KW - Giant Cells -- microbiology KW - B-Lymphocytes -- microbiology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- microbiology KW - Humans KW - B-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - T-Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology KW - Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 -- analysis KW - Membrane Fusion -- physiology KW - Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 -- immunology KW - HIV-1 -- physiology KW - Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73382403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.atitle=LFA-1+adhesion+molecules+are+not+involved+in+the+early+stages+of+HIV-1+env-mediated+cell+membrane+fusion.&rft.au=Golding%2C+H%3BDimitrov%2C+D+S%3BBlumenthal%2C+R&rft.aulast=Golding&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1593&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-01-12 N1 - Date created - 1993-01-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A report on a workshop on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health B reader certification program. AN - 73369009; 1447591 AB - In September 1990, a 2-day workshop was held in Chicago to discuss the current status of the NIOSH B reader certification program and to suggest modifications and improvements. This is a summary report of the proceedings of that conference. JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Attfield, M D AU - Wagner, G R AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888. Y1 - 1992/09// PY - 1992 DA - September 1992 SP - 875 EP - 878 VL - 34 IS - 9 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Radiography KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care KW - Radiology -- education KW - Pneumoconiosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Radiology -- standards KW - Education, Medical, Continuing -- standards KW - Certification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73369009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=A+report+on+a+workshop+on+the+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health+B+reader+certification+program.&rft.au=Attfield%2C+M+D%3BWagner%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Attfield&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-09-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=875&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-30 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Occup Med. 1992 Sep;34(9):885-6 [1447593] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic activation of 1-nitropyrene to a mammalian cell mutagen and a carcinogen. AN - 73362164; 1441603 AB - 1. The mutagenicity of 1-nitropyrene metabolites in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, in the absence of rat liver S9, decreased in the order 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene > 1-nitropyrene 9,10-oxide > 1-nitropyrene 4,5-oxide approximately 3-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene approximately 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene > 1-nitropyrene. The order of mutagenicity with rat liver S9 was 1-nitropyrene 4,5-oxide approximately 6-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene approximately 1-nitropyrene 9,10-oxide > 3-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene approximately 1-nitropyrene > 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene. 2. 1-Nitropyrene 4,5-oxide reacted with calf thymus DNA to give one or several closely related adducts. The same adducts were detected in CHO cells incubated with 1-nitropyrene 4,5-oxide. Inclusion of a nitroreductase, xanthine oxidase, in the incubations with calf thymus DNA resulted in the formation of an additional adduct identified as N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene (dG-C8-AP). 3. 1-Nitropyrene 9,10-oxide reacted with calf thymus DNA to give an adduct pattern similar to that observed with 1-nitropyrene 4,5-oxide. Incubation of 1-nitropyrene 9,10-oxide with CHO cells resulted in the formation of the same adducts along with dG-C8-AP. 4. dG-C8-AP and N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-amino-x-nitropyrene (x = 3, 6 or 8; dG-C8-ANP) were detected in injection site DNA from Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 1-nitropyrene. In mammary gland DNA, dG-C8-AP and an unidentified adduct were found. dG-C8-ANP was the only DNA adduct detected in the livers of newborn CD-1 mice and the lungs of A/J mice dosed with 1-nitropyrene. JF - Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems AU - Beland, F A AU - Smith, B A AU - Thornton-Manning, J R AU - Heflich, R H AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. PY - 1992 SP - 1121 EP - 1133 VL - 22 IS - 9-10 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Pyrenes KW - Tissue Extracts KW - 1-nitropyrene-4,5-oxide KW - 105596-42-7 KW - 1-nitropyrene-9,10-oxide KW - 105596-43-8 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 1-nitropyrene KW - TD1665I8Q4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - CHO Cells -- metabolism KW - CHO Cells -- drug effects KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Tissue Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Mice, Inbred A KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Biotransformation KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Cricetinae KW - Pyrenes -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Pyrenes -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Pyrenes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73362164?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica%3B+the+fate+of+foreign+compounds+in+biological+systems&rft.atitle=Metabolic+activation+of+1-nitropyrene+to+a+mammalian+cell+mutagen+and+a+carcinogen.&rft.au=Beland%2C+F+A%3BSmith%2C+B+A%3BThornton-Manning%2C+J+R%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=9-10&rft.spage=1121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica%3B+the+fate+of+foreign+compounds+in+biological+systems&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of N-(Deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b]pyridine as the major adduct formed by the food-borne carcinogen, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, with DNA. AN - 73355228; 1446011 AB - The covalent binding of the N-acetoxy-, N-hydroxy-, and nitro derivatives of the food-borne carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) to 2'-deoxyribonucleosides or DNA was investigated in vitro and in vivo. N-Acetoxy-PhIP reacted with deoxyguanosine (dG), but not with the other deoxyribonucleosides, to form N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-PhIP (dG-C8-PhIP), whose structure was determined by NMR and mass spectral analyses and by ultraviolet absorption and pH-solvent partitioning characteristics. While reaction of N-acetoxy-PhIP with calf thymus DNA at pH 5.0 yielded 5.38 +/- 1.16 nmol of bound PhIP residues/mg of DNA, N-hydroxy-PhIP gave only 0.13-0.23 nmol binding/mg of DNA under identical reaction conditions. Nitro-PhIP produced no detectable binding under these conditions. HPLC analysis of 1-butanol extracts of enzymatically hydrolyzed DNA that had been modified by N-acetoxy-PhIP in vitro showed a major adduct which coeluted with and had an ultraviolet absorption and a mass spectrum that were identical to that of authentic dG-C8-PhIP. 32P-Postlabeling analysis of DNA isolated from colon, pancreas, lung, heart, and liver of rats treated orally with PhIP revealed the presence of a major PhIP-DNA adduct. This adduct had chromatographic properties identical to that of the 32P-labeled bis(phosphate) derivative of dG-C8-PhIP and represented 35-45% of the total adducts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Lin, D AU - Kaderlik, K R AU - Turesky, R J AU - Miller, D W AU - Lay, J O AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Office of Research (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. PY - 1992 SP - 691 EP - 697 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Imidazoles KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Phosphorus Isotopes KW - N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 142784-25-6 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Myocardium -- chemistry KW - Lung -- chemistry KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Colon -- chemistry KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Pancreas -- chemistry KW - Imidazoles -- toxicity KW - Deoxyguanosine -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Imidazoles -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - Mutagens -- chemistry KW - Imidazoles -- chemistry KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73355228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+N-%28Deoxyguanosin-8-yl%29-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo+%5B4%2C5-b%5Dpyridine+as+the+major+adduct+formed+by+the+food-borne+carcinogen%2C+2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo%5B4%2C5-b%5Dpyridine%2C+with+DNA.&rft.au=Lin%2C+D%3BKaderlik%2C+K+R%3BTuresky%2C+R+J%3BMiller%2C+D+W%3BLay%2C+J+O%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-09-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=691&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-29 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The NIOSH B reader certification program. An update report. AN - 73341519; 1447592 AB - Physicians trained in the use of the International Labour Office system for classification of radiographs of pneumoconioses who pass a competence test administered by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health are designated as B readers. The current certification and recertification examinations for qualification under the NIOSH B reader program are described. Details of the rationale and format of each examination are given, and information on candidates' scores provided for the years 1987-1990. JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Wagner, G R AU - Attfield, M D AU - Kennedy, R D AU - Parker, J E AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies (DRDS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888. Y1 - 1992/09// PY - 1992 DA - September 1992 SP - 879 EP - 884 VL - 34 IS - 9 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Radiography KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Educational Measurement KW - Education, Medical, Continuing KW - Radiology -- education KW - Pneumoconiosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Radiology -- standards KW - Certification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73341519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=The+NIOSH+B+reader+certification+program.+An+update+report.&rft.au=Wagner%2C+G+R%3BAttfield%2C+M+D%3BKennedy%2C+R+D%3BParker%2C+J+E&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-09-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=879&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-30 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Occup Med. 1992 Sep;34(9):885-6 [1447593] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Virulence characteristics of clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio vulnificus. AN - 73331999; 1444386 AB - Twenty-four randomly selected clinical and environmental Vibrio vulnificus isolates were tested for virulence in iron-overloaded mice (250 mg of iron dextran per kg of body weight). The log10 50% lethal doses of 17 isolates were lower by greater than or equal to 3.5 log10 units in iron-overloaded mice than in control mice. These isolates were classified as virulent. The 50% lethal doses of these virulent isolates were also lower in mice that were immunosuppressed by treatment with cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg). Four of the seven isolates initially classified as avirulent were virulent in mice that were simultaneously iron overloaded and immunosuppressed. These isolates were classified as moderately virulent. The remaining three isolates were avirulent under all conditions. The incidence of virulent strains among clinical and environmental isolates did not differ. The virulent isolates produced high titers of hemolysin, were resistant to inactivation by serum complement, produced phenolate siderophore, and utilized transferrin-bound iron. The moderately virulent isolates differed from the virulent isolates only in their increased sensitivity to inactivation by serum complement. The avirulent isolates differed from those of the other two classes in their inability to either produce significant amounts of phenolate siderophore or utilize transferrin-bound iron. A modified agar plate diffusion method for transferrin-bound iron utilization was developed to differentiate the two classes of virulent isolates from the avirulent isolates in vitro. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Stelma, G N AU - Reyes, A L AU - Peeler, J T AU - Johnson, C H AU - Spaulding, P L AD - Division of Microbiology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204. Y1 - 1992/09// PY - 1992 DA - September 1992 SP - 2776 EP - 2782 VL - 58 IS - 9 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - 0 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Animals KW - Iron -- pharmacology KW - Hemolysin Proteins -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Immunosuppression KW - Vibrio Infections -- metabolism KW - Vibrio -- pathogenicity KW - Vibrio -- classification KW - Vibrio Infections -- microbiology KW - Vibrio Infections -- immunology KW - Vibrio -- isolation & purification KW - Environmental Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73331999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Virulence+characteristics+of+clinical+and+environmental+isolates+of+Vibrio+vulnificus.&rft.au=Stelma%2C+G+N%3BReyes%2C+A+L%3BPeeler%2C+J+T%3BJohnson%2C+C+H%3BSpaulding%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Stelma&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-09-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Infect Immun. 1979 May;24(2):545-51 [110703] Infect Immun. 1981 Nov;34(2):503-7 [7309236] J Clin Microbiol. 1987 Nov;25(11):2085-9 [3121665] J Clin Lab Immunol. 1987 Apr;22(4):185-9 [3612754] Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1973;60:1-30 [4197776] Infect Immun. 1983 Aug;41(2):644-9 [6223882] J Infect Dis. 1984 Sep;150(3):413-8 [6481186] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1983 Mar;45(3):985-98 [6847190] Infect Immun. 1973 Mar;7(3):445-56 [16558077] J Infect Dis. 1977 Apr;135(4):623-32 [140199] Infect Immun. 1978 Apr;20(1):310-1 [149768] Infect Immun. 1987 Jan;55(1):269-72 [2432016] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jun;53(6):1349-51 [3606112] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 May;51(5):1004-6 [3729387] JAMA. 1985 May 17;253(19):2850-3 [3989959] J Immunol. 1966 Mar;96(3):440-9 [4956587] Rev Infect Dis. 1983 Sep-Oct;5 Suppl 4:S759-77 [6356292] Infect Immun. 1984 Feb;43(2):612-6 [6420346] J Infect Dis. 1984 Apr;149(4):558-61 [6725989] N Engl J Med. 1979 Jan 4;300(1):1-5 [758155] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of cancer and aging: a mechanistic perspective. AN - 73287414; 1426089 AB - Cancer and aging are approached from the standpoint of damaging agents affecting target cell, local cellular environment, and the organism as a whole. The effects of exogenous agents are represented in a model emphasizing absorption, organismic disposition, and cellular disposition. Endogenous agents are represented similarly. The extent of endogenous damage is illustrated. Factors in the expression of damage as a toxic endpoint are emphasized, with the example of caloric restriction used as an example of environmental modulation of response. JF - Experimental gerontology AU - Hart, R W AU - Turturro, A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. PY - 1992 SP - 567 EP - 574 VL - 27 IS - 5-6 SN - 0531-5565, 0531-5565 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Aging -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73287414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+gerontology&rft.atitle=Overview+of+cancer+and+aging%3A+a+mechanistic+perspective.&rft.au=Hart%2C+R+W%3BTurturro%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-09-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=5-6&rft.spage=567&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+gerontology&rft.issn=05315565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-14 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline)--DNA adducts formed in vivo and in vitro. AN - 73200871; 1394844 AB - 4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA) is a genotoxic and carcinogenic industrial chemical to which there is considerable potential human exposure. Since metabolic activation and formation of DNA adducts are believed to be important for the induction of these effects, DNA was treated in vitro with radiolabeled N-hydroxy-MOCA, the presumed proximate carcinogenic metabolite formed in vivo. Two major radioactive peaks were observed after HPLC separation of enzymatic hydrolysates. The two products were analyzed by MS and characterized as N-(deoxyadenosine-8-yl)-4-amino-3-chlorobenzyl alcohol and N-(deoxyadenosin-8-yl)-4-amino-3-chlorotoluene. The same adducts were also the major adducts formed in DNA of tissues from rats treated with radiolabeled MOCA. They were eliminated from rat liver with non-linear kinetics, in agreement with observations made for other carcinogens. The selective reaction of N-hydroxy-MOCA with DNA-adenine and the formation of single arylamine ring adducts suggest a substitution mechanism involving an intermediate with strong SN1 character, aided by the negative inductive effect of the ortho-chlorine. Due to tautomer formation, the initial adduct may be inherently unstable and undergo cleavage at the 1'-carbon-methylene bond to yield the observed adducts. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Segerbäck, D AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1992/09// PY - 1992 DA - September 1992 SP - 1587 EP - 1592 VL - 13 IS - 9 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) KW - 3L2W5VTT2A KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) -- toxicity KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73200871?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+4%2C4%27-methylenebis%282-chloroaniline%29--DNA+adducts+formed+in+vivo+and+in+vitro.&rft.au=Segerb%C3%A4ck%2C+D%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Segerb%C3%A4ck&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-09-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1587&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-29 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reporting of adverse drug events: a key to postmarketing drug safety. AN - 73158274; 1514478 JF - American family physician AU - Rheinstein, P H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland. Y1 - 1992/09// PY - 1992 DA - September 1992 SP - 873 EP - 874 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73158274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+family+physician&rft.atitle=Reporting+of+adverse+drug+events%3A+a+key+to+postmarketing+drug+safety.&rft.au=Rheinstein%2C+P+H&rft.aulast=Rheinstein&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-09-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=873&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+family+physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro and in vivo suppression of interleukin-2-activated killer cell activity by chimeric proteins between interleukin-2 and Pseudomonas exotoxin. AN - 73148168; 1511480 AB - The biological effects of IL-2 are mediated through high (complex of alpha and beta chain) or intermediate (beta chain) affinity IL-2 receptors. Previously, chimeric proteins composed of IL-2 and Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL-2-PE) were shown to be specifically cytotoxic to cells bearing IL-2 receptors. It has also been shown that IL-2-PE chimeric proteins can abrogate T cell-mediated immune response in vitro. In the current study, we have investigated the effects of IL-2-PE on LAK activity both in vivo and in vitro. We administered either IL-2-PE40 (comprised of IL-2 and 40-kDa portion of PE) or IL-2-PE66 (comprised of IL-2 and 66-kDa molecule of PE) to normal C57BL/6 mice for 3 or 8 days and LAK activity was assessed in various organs of mice. We found that IL-2-PE40 generated LAK activity in various compartments of mice and the level of activity was slightly lower than that observed with an equivalent amount of recombinant (r) IL-2 alone. However, IL-2-PE66 failed to generate LAK activity which would have been induced due to an equivalent concentration of rIL-2. IL-2-PE66 also did not induce LAK activity from the splenocytes during in vitro culture while IL-2-PE40 generated good LAK activity. An equivalent amount of IL-2 also generated potent LAK activity. The suppression of LAK activity by IL-2-PE66 was also evident in cells preactivated with IL-2; however, this inhibition was partial. The suppressive activity of IL-2-PE66 was shown to be mediated through IL-2 receptor interactions as excess amounts of rIL-2 were able to abrogate its effect. Both IL-2 toxins were equivalently cytotoxic to IL-2 receptor-bearing HUT 102 cells and both were able to compete from high and intermediate affinity IL-2 receptors. Taken together, our data indicate that IL-2-PE66 is highly cytotoxic to LAK cells while IL-2-PE40 is less cytotoxic. Thus, data from our study and from other published reports indicate that IL-2-PE66 is more potent immunosuppressive agent than IL-2-PE40. JF - Cellular immunology AU - Puri, R K AU - FitzGerald, D AU - Leland, P AU - Kozak, R W AU - Pastan, I AD - Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1992/09// PY - 1992 DA - September 1992 SP - 324 EP - 334 VL - 143 IS - 2 SN - 0008-8749, 0008-8749 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - Exotoxins KW - Interleukin-2 KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Virulence Factors KW - ADP Ribose Transferases KW - EC 2.4.2.- KW - toxA protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - EC 2.4.2.31 KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Receptors, Interleukin-2 -- metabolism KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Immunity, Cellular -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- toxicity KW - Female KW - Interleukin-2 -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Interleukin-2 -- metabolism KW - Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated -- immunology KW - Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated -- drug effects KW - Exotoxins -- toxicity KW - Exotoxins -- chemistry KW - Cytotoxicity, Immunologic -- drug effects KW - Interleukin-2 -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73148168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+immunology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+and+in+vivo+suppression+of+interleukin-2-activated+killer+cell+activity+by+chimeric+proteins+between+interleukin-2+and+Pseudomonas+exotoxin.&rft.au=Puri%2C+R+K%3BFitzGerald%2C+D%3BLeland%2C+P%3BKozak%2C+R+W%3BPastan%2C+I&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-09-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=324&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+immunology&rft.issn=00088749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenicity of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the nitro substituent situated at the longest molecular axis. AN - 73139208; 1380662 JF - Mutation research AU - Yu, S AU - Herreno-Saenz, D AU - Miller, D W AU - Kadlubar, F F AU - Fu, P P AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1992/09// PY - 1992 DA - September 1992 SP - 45 EP - 52 VL - 283 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Nitro Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73139208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Mutagenicity+of+nitro-polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+with+the+nitro+substituent+situated+at+the+longest+molecular+axis.&rft.au=Yu%2C+S%3BHerreno-Saenz%2C+D%3BMiller%2C+D+W%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Yu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-09-01&rft.volume=283&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-24 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of DNA adduct detection between two enhancement methods of the 32P-postlabelling assay in rat lung cells. AN - 73135534; 1380657 AB - 32P-Postlabeling analysis is a useful assay system for detecting the covalent binding of mutagens and/or carcinogens to DNA. The detection ability of this system has been tremendously enhanced by the incorporation of butanol extraction or nuclease P1 treatment into the experimental protocol. In this study, the sensitivity of adduct detection between these two enhancement methods was compared in vivo or in vitro with 2-aminoanthracene (2AA), 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF), and nitrosated coal dust extract (NCDE) using the lung cells of rats. For the in vivo assay, male CD rats were dosed 3 times via intratracheal instillation, whereas for the in vitro study, rat lungs cut into small pieces were treated with test substances for 16 h without exogenous activation. Although, under the conditions tested, both the butanol and the nuclease P1 methods detected DNA adducts caused by all 3 test agents in rat lung cells in vivo or in vitro, a higher adduct detecting ability was found with the butanol enhancement for 2AA and TNF, and with the nuclease P1 enhancement for NCDE. The results suggest that overall the butanol enhancement method is a more sensitive protocol. However, for detecting unknown adduct-forming chemicals, especially when they are present in complex mixtures, both enhancement methods may have to be used. JF - Mutation research AU - Whong, W Z AU - Stewart, J D AU - Ong, T AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1992/09// PY - 1992 DA - September 1992 SP - 1 EP - 6 VL - 283 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Anthracenes KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Coal KW - Dust KW - Fluorenes KW - Mutagens KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - 2-anthramine KW - 8240818JGU KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone KW - B2290YT0WB KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Autoradiography -- methods KW - Male KW - DNA -- isolation & purification KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Anthracenes -- metabolism KW - Fluorenes -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- isolation & purification KW - Lung -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73135534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+DNA+adduct+detection+between+two+enhancement+methods+of+the+32P-postlabelling+assay+in+rat+lung+cells.&rft.au=Whong%2C+W+Z%3BStewart%2C+J+D%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Whong&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-09-01&rft.volume=283&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-24 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Every Child Deserves a Healthy Start. AN - 62687014; ED374899 AB - About 36,500 infants die each year in the United States, due largely to low birth weight and inadequate prenatal care. The United States ranks twenty-second among the world's nations in infant mortality. This brochure addresses the high infant mortality rate in the United States compared to other developed nations, and notes actions that prospective parents and others can take to reduce infant mortality. It also explains the Healthy Start Program, designed to lower the infant mortality rate through the provision of health and social services, local outreach programs, and parent education. The first goal is to reduce infant deaths in 15 selected communities that have alarmingly high rates of infant mortality. The brochure recommends that concerned individuals encourage pregnant women to seek adequate prenatal care, and that women who are planning a pregnancy or who are already pregnant should visit their doctor or clinic regularly. A list of eight national organizations that provide information about prenatal and newborn care is included. (MDM) Y1 - 1992/09// PY - 1992 DA - September 1992 SP - 8 PB - National Maternal and Child Health Clearinghouse, 8201 Greensboro Drive, Suite 600, McLean, VA 22102 (free). KW - Healthy Start Program KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Descriptions KW - Parent Education KW - Health Programs KW - Birth Weight KW - Mortality Rate KW - Parent Materials KW - Child Health KW - Infant Mortality KW - Prenatal Care KW - Pregnancy KW - Health Services KW - Federal Programs KW - Social Services KW - Agency Cooperation KW - Educational Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62687014?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality among workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. AN - 73261579; 1415158 AB - On the basis of evidence from animal studies, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are considered potentially carcinogenic to humans. However, the results of studies in human populations exposed to PCBs have been inconsistent. The authors conducted a retrospective cohort analysis (1957-1986) comparing the mortality of 3,588 electrical capacitor manufacturing workers with known exposure to PCBs with age-, sex-, and calendar time-specific mortality rates for all whites in the United States. Proportional hazards modeling was also performed to examine the association between cumulative PCB exposure and site-specific cancer mortality. All-cause mortality (192 deaths observed, 283.3 expected) and total cancer mortality (54 deaths observed, 63.7 expected) were lower than expected. More deaths were observed than expected for malignant melanoma (8 observed, less than 2.0 expected) and cancer of the brain and nervous system (5 observed, 2.8 expected). The average estimated cumulative dose for the cases of brain cancer (22.9 units) was greater than for other workers (12.9 units), but the 95% confidence intervals around this difference were broad. The risk of malignant melanoma was not related to cumulative PCB exposure. These results provide some evidence of an association between employment at this plant and malignant melanoma and cancer of the brain. The possibility that the results are due to chance, bias, or confounding cannot be excluded. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Sinks, T AU - Steele, G AU - Smith, A B AU - Watkins, K AU - Shults, R A AD - Division of Surveillance, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. Y1 - 1992/08/15/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Aug 15 SP - 389 EP - 398 VL - 136 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Life Tables KW - Skin Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Central Nervous System Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Male KW - Female KW - Central Nervous System Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Skin Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Melanoma -- chemically induced KW - Brain Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Melanoma -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality KW - Brain Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73261579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Mortality+among+workers+exposed+to+polychlorinated+biphenyls.&rft.au=Sinks%2C+T%3BSteele%2C+G%3BSmith%2C+A+B%3BWatkins%2C+K%3BShults%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Sinks&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-08-15&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=389&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-11-06 N1 - Date created - 1992-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 73100047; 1322467 JF - JAMA AU - Nightingale, S L AD - Office of Health Affairs, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1992/08/12/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Aug 12 SP - 705 VL - 268 IS - 6 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Zalcitabine KW - 6L3XT8CB3I KW - Terfenadine KW - 7BA5G9Y06Q KW - Astemizole KW - 7HU6337315 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Zalcitabine -- administration & dosage KW - Terfenadine -- adverse effects KW - Terfenadine -- contraindications KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Astemizole -- adverse effects KW - Zidovudine -- administration & dosage KW - Astemizole -- contraindications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73100047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-08-12&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=705&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-03 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Iron-mediated DNA damage: sensitive detection of DNA strand breakage catalyzed by iron. AN - 73353789; 1431883 AB - Oxidative DNA damage is involved in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, aging, radiation effects, and the action of several anticancer drugs. Accumulated evidence indicates that iron may play an important role in those processes. We studied the in vitro effect of low concentrations of Fe(II) alone or Fe(III) in the presence of reducing agents on supercoiled plasmid DNA. The assay, based on the relaxation and linearization of supercoiled DNA, is simple yet sensitive and quantitative. Iron mediated the production of single and double strand breaks in supercoiled DNA. Iron chelators, free radical scavengers, and enzymes of the oxygen reduction pathways modulated the DNA damage. Fe(III)-nitrilotriacetate (NTA) plus either H2O2, L-ascorbate, or L-cysteine produced single and double strand breaks as a function of reductant concentration. A combination of 0.1 microM Fe(III)-NTA and 100 microM L-ascorbate induced detectable DNA strand breaks after 30 min at 24 degrees C. Whereas superoxide dismutase was inhibitory only in systems containing H2O2 as reductant, catalase inhibited DNA breakage in all the iron-mediated systems studied. The effect of scavengers and enzymes indicates that H2O2 and .OH are involved in the DNA damaging process. These reactions may account for the toxicity and carcinogenicity associated with iron overload. JF - Journal of inorganic biochemistry AU - Toyokuni, S AU - Sagripanti, J L AD - Molecular Biology Branch, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. PY - 1992 SP - 241 EP - 248 VL - 47 IS - 3-4 SN - 0162-0134, 0162-0134 KW - Chelating Agents KW - 0 KW - DNA, Superhelical KW - Ferric Compounds KW - Ferrous Compounds KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Superoxide Dismutase KW - EC 1.15.1.1 KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Nitrilotriacetic Acid KW - KA90006V9D KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - ferric nitrilotriacetate KW - Z3U5ED15B9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cysteine -- pharmacology KW - Chelating Agents -- pharmacology KW - DNA, Superhelical -- drug effects KW - Superoxide Dismutase -- pharmacology KW - Ferrous Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Nitrilotriacetic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Nitrilotriacetic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Ferric Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Plasmids KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Iron -- pharmacology KW - DNA Damage -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73353789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+inorganic+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Iron-mediated+DNA+damage%3A+sensitive+detection+of+DNA+strand+breakage+catalyzed+by+iron.&rft.au=Toyokuni%2C+S%3BSagripanti%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Toyokuni&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-08-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+inorganic+biochemistry&rft.issn=01620134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-10 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wide distribution of two subtypes of HIV-1 in Thailand. AN - 73342546; 1466984 JF - AIDS research and human retroviruses AU - Ou, C Y AU - Takebe, Y AU - Luo, C C AU - Kalish, M AU - Auwanit, W AU - Bandea, C AU - de la Torre, N AU - Moore, J L AU - Schochetman, G AU - Yamazaki, S AD - Division of HIV/AIDS, U.S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA 30333. Y1 - 1992/08// PY - 1992 DA - August 1992 SP - 1471 EP - 1472 VL - 8 IS - 8 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 KW - 0 KW - HIV envelope protein gp120 (305-321) KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Index Medicus KW - Population KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Laboratory Examinations And Diagnoses KW - Southeastern Asia KW - Immunologic Factors KW - Research Methodology KW - Thailand KW - Sex Behavior KW - Physiology KW - Laboratory Procedures KW - Hiv Serodiagnosis KW - Diseases KW - Asia KW - Iv Drug Users KW - Heterosexuals KW - Research Report KW - Clinical Trials KW - Immunity KW - Antibodies KW - Behavior KW - Viral Diseases KW - Examinations And Diagnoses KW - Developing Countries KW - Vaccines KW - Clinical Research KW - Hiv Infections--transmission KW - Drug Usage KW - Biology KW - Peptide Fragments -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- microbiology KW - HIV-1 -- genetics KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - HIV-1 -- isolation & purification KW - HIV Infections -- microbiology KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - HIV-1 -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73342546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.atitle=Wide+distribution+of+two+subtypes+of+HIV-1+in+Thailand.&rft.au=Ou%2C+C+Y%3BTakebe%2C+Y%3BLuo%2C+C+C%3BKalish%2C+M%3BAuwanit%2C+W%3BBandea%2C+C%3Bde+la+Torre%2C+N%3BMoore%2C+J+L%3BSchochetman%2C+G%3BYamazaki%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ou&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-08-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-01-28 N1 - Date created - 1993-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between the shape of dose-response curves and background tumor rates. AN - 73298486; 1410654 AB - Various authors have argued that a chemical which augments a carcinogenic process, which is already producing tumors spontaneously, will produce an increase in tumors no matter how small the dose. For this situation, no threshold dose exists whether or not the chemical is genotoxic. Under such conditions, it is expected that the dose-response will contain a linear term. A large database of animal bioassays (Gold et al., 1984) was examined to study the relationship between the shape of dose-response curves and the background tumor rate. The multistage model was fit to 143 data sets from 75 different chemicals. As expected, the presence of the linear term was correlated with the background tumor rate and the presence of higher degree terms in dose (cubic or greater) decreased as the background rate increased. This examination of a large number of chronic bioassay results appears to support the premise that low dose linearity is generally expected for tumor sites where background tumors occur, even for carcinogens which were negative by the Salmonella genotoxicity test. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Gaylor, D W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1992/08// PY - 1992 DA - August 1992 SP - 2 EP - 9 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Databases, Factual KW - Mice KW - Models, Biological KW - Meta-Analysis as Topic KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cricetinae KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73298486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+the+shape+of+dose-response+curves+and+background+tumor+rates.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-08-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-11-06 N1 - Date created - 1992-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparative study of abused and neglected American Indian children in the southwest. AN - 73161414; 1519083 AB - Samples of target and control American Indian children in the Southwest United States are compared for child abuse/neglect and family alcohol abuse. Alcohol abuse is present in virtually all families that abuse/neglect children. However, alcohol abuse exists exclusive of the association with child abuse/neglect. The study demonstrates that alcohol abuse is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for child abuse/neglect. JF - Social science & medicine (1982) AU - DeBruyn, L M AU - Lujan, C C AU - May, P A AD - Indian Health Service Office of Mental Health Programs, Albuquerque, NM 87102. Y1 - 1992/08// PY - 1992 DA - August 1992 SP - 305 EP - 315 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0277-9536, 0277-9536 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Humans KW - Child KW - New Mexico KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Adolescent KW - Violence KW - Male KW - Female KW - Social Environment KW - Child, Preschool KW - Child Abuse -- psychology KW - Child of Impaired Parents -- psychology KW - Indians, North American -- psychology KW - Urban Population KW - Alcoholism -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73161414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+science+%26+medicine+%281982%29&rft.atitle=A+comparative+study+of+abused+and+neglected+American+Indian+children+in+the+southwest.&rft.au=DeBruyn%2C+L+M%3BLujan%2C+C+C%3BMay%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=DeBruyn&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-08-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+science+%26+medicine+%281982%29&rft.issn=02779536&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-07 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An investigation into the relationship between coal workers' pneumoconiosis and dust exposure in U.S. coal miners. AN - 73150942; 1509988 AB - The National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis (NSCWP) is a large, continuing epidemiologic study of the respiratory health of U.S. coal miners. By using information from the study, prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) was related to indexes of dust exposure obtained from research and compliance sampling data. Clear relationships between prevalences of both simple CWP and progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) and estimated dust exposure were seen. Additional effects independently associated with coal rank (% carbon) and age were also seen. Logistic model fitting indicated that between 2% and 12% of miners exposed to a 2-mg/m3 dust environment in bituminous coal mines would be expected to have Category 2 or greater CWP after a 40-yr working life; PMF would be expected for between 1.3% and 6.7%. The risks for anthracite miners appeared to be greater. There was a suggestion of a background level of abnormality, not associated with dust exposure, but increasing with age. Although there are certain weaknesses in the data used to derive these exposure estimates, the results are in general agreement with, but somewhat greater than, some recent findings for British coal miners. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Attfield, M D AU - Morring, K AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1992/08// PY - 1992 DA - August 1992 SP - 486 EP - 492 VL - 53 IS - 8 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Index Medicus KW - United Kingdom -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Models, Statistical KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Pneumoconiosis -- etiology KW - Pneumoconiosis -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Coal Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73150942?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=An+investigation+into+the+relationship+between+coal+workers%27+pneumoconiosis+and+dust+exposure+in+U.S.+coal+miners.&rft.au=Attfield%2C+M+D%3BMorring%2C+K&rft.aulast=Attfield&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-08-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=486&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-21 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Colon and stomach cancer mortality among automotive wood model makers. AN - 73145154; 1506932 AB - Automotive wood model makers have been reported to be at excess risk for colon and other cancers in recent epidemiologic studies. To further explore these risks, we conducted a retrospective cohort mortality study, with follow-up from 1940 through 1984, of 2294 white male wood model makers employed at any time until 1980 by three US auto makers. Using US mortality rates for comparison, we found elevated standardized mortality ratios of 1.2 (95% CI, 0.8-1.9) for colon cancer and 1.6 (95% CI, 0.9-2.6) for stomach cancer. We also conducted nested case-control studies for 20 colon and 17 stomach cancer cases and 543 age-matched controls. We found no trend of increased risk for colon or stomach cancer mortality with increased exposure to wood dust or to duration employed in wood model making. JF - Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association AU - Roscoe, R J AU - Steenland, K AU - McCammon, C S AU - Schober, S E AU - Robinson, C F AU - Halperin, W E AU - Fingerhut, M A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1992/08// PY - 1992 DA - August 1992 SP - 759 EP - 68; discussion 769-70 VL - 34 IS - 8 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Stomach Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Wood KW - Automobiles KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73145154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Colon+and+stomach+cancer+mortality+among+automotive+wood+model+makers.&rft.au=Roscoe%2C+R+J%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BMcCammon%2C+C+S%3BSchober%2C+S+E%3BRobinson%2C+C+F%3BHalperin%2C+W+E%3BFingerhut%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Roscoe&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+medicine.+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Industrial+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Occup Med. 1993 Apr;35(4):345-6, 349-50 [8487109] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Latex-associated allergies and anaphylactic reactions. AN - 73105680; 1643748 AB - The recent reports of severe anaphylactic reactions and several fatalities caused by contact with latex-containing products raised concerns in the medical community. Although hypersensitivity to natural rubber has been widely reported in the literature, the prevalence and severity of reactions have rapidly increased in the last few years. Latex proteins, constituents of natural latex, appear to be responsible for the sensitization. Many investigators, including our laboratory, are focused on the identification of proteins in raw latex and latex products, specifically those responsible for the elicitation of allergic responses. This paper summarizes available information on the mechanism and epidemiology of latex sensitivity and reviews research efforts toward the identification of the antigen(s) responsible for the reactions. The questions of proper diagnosis and testing, heightening awareness, and prevention of reactions are also addressed. JF - Clinical immunology and immunopathology AU - Tomazic, V J AU - Withrow, T J AU - Fisher, B R AU - Dillard, S F AD - Office of Science and Technology, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1992/08// PY - 1992 DA - August 1992 SP - 89 EP - 97 VL - 64 IS - 2 SN - 0090-1229, 0090-1229 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Rubber -- adverse effects KW - Hypersensitivity -- etiology KW - Anaphylaxis -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73105680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+immunology+and+immunopathology&rft.atitle=Latex-associated+allergies+and+anaphylactic+reactions.&rft.au=Tomazic%2C+V+J%3BWithrow%2C+T+J%3BFisher%2C+B+R%3BDillard%2C+S+F&rft.aulast=Tomazic&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1992-08-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+immunology+and+immunopathology&rft.issn=00901229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International Trends in the Incidence of Bone Cancer Are Not Related to Drinking Water Fluoridation AN - 19137597; 9300760 AB - Treatment of drinking water with fluoride has caused the development of osteaosarcomas in rats. The possibility of water fluoridation posing a cancer risk to humans was investigated by a time trend analysis of the cumulative risk (CR) of bone cancer for the period 1958-1987 for 40 cancer registry areas. The analysis showed an increased risk for young males in Canada, Europe, and the United States, and a decreased lifetime risk for either sex in Europe. These statistics were unrelated to water fluoridation and may have resulted from changes in coding practices. Bone cancer risk was inversely related to the incidence of cancers of unknown origin, suggesting that bone metastases were erroneously coded as primary bone cancer. In 1968-1972, most areas recorded more bone cancer deaths than new cases of the disease. The mortality/incidence ratio, but not the incidence rate (IR), has dropped sharply since then, which erodes the basis of past inferences relating cancer mortality to fluoridation. (Geiger-PTT) JF - Cancer CANCAR, Vol. 70, No. 3, p 611-618, August 1, 1992. 4 tab, 19 ref. AU - Freni, S C AU - Gaylor, D W AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079 Y1 - 1992/08// PY - 1992 DA - Aug 1992 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - *Carcinogenicity KW - *Fluoridation KW - *Fluorides KW - *Human health KW - *Toxicity KW - *Water treatment KW - Cancer KW - Epidemiology KW - Mortality KW - Risk assessment KW - Water pollution effects KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19137597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=International+Trends+in+the+Incidence+of+Bone+Cancer+Are+Not+Related+to+Drinking+Water+Fluoridation&rft.au=Freni%2C+S+C%3BGaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Freni&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical residues in food. AN - 73110107; 1500319 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Teske, R H AD - US Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1992/07/15/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Jul 15 SP - 253 EP - 256 VL - 201 IS - 2 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Eating KW - Animals KW - Consumer Behavior KW - Pesticide Residues -- adverse effects KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- adverse effects KW - Legislation, Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73110107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Chemical+residues+in+food.&rft.au=Teske%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Teske&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-07-15&rft.volume=201&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-17 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 73014099; 1608124 JF - JAMA AU - Nightingale, S L AD - Office of Health Affairs, FDA, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1992/07/08/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Jul 08 SP - 180 VL - 268 IS - 2 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Food Microbiology KW - Smoking Cessation KW - Listeriosis -- prevention & control KW - Nicotine -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73014099?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=From+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nightingale&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-07-08&rft.volume=268&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=180&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-22 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in short-term users of oral contraceptives. AN - 73287040; 1415131 AB - Short-term use (less than 1 year) or oral contraceptives has been associated with increased to slightly decreased risks of epithelial ovarian cancer in several studies. To determine what might account for a statistically significant 40% reduction in risk associated with as little as 3 to 6 months of use, a finding previously reported from the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study, and to consider the implications for mechanisms of pathogenesis, the authors compared numerous characteristics of short-term users of oral contraceptives (41 cases, 412 controls) with those of never users (242 cases, 1,517 controls). The reduced risk among short-term users was consistently restricted to women who stopped using oral contraceptives for medical reasons, which were essentially side effects; there was little evidence of a protective effect among women who stopped for nonmedical reasons. Factors such as age, parity, family history of ovarian cancer, estrogen dose, history of sterilization, and latency (interval from first use) could not account for the finding. These analyses suggest that short-term use of oral contraceptives has little to no effect per se on reducing the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer and that side effects resulting in cessation of oral contraceptive use shortly after it was begun may be indicative of factors that are protective against the disease. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Gross, T P AU - Schlesselman, J J AU - Stadel, B V AU - Yu, W AU - Lee, N C AD - Office of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD. Y1 - 1992/07/01/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Jul 01 SP - 46 EP - 53 VL - 136 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Contraceptives, Oral KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Parity KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Medical History Taking KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Effect Modifier, Epidemiologic KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Contraceptives, Oral -- adverse effects KW - Contraceptives, Oral -- administration & dosage KW - Carcinoma -- etiology KW - Carcinoma -- epidemiology KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Ovarian Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Carcinoma -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73287040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=The+risk+of+epithelial+ovarian+cancer+in+short-term+users+of+oral+contraceptives.&rft.au=Gross%2C+T+P%3BSchlesselman%2C+J+J%3BStadel%2C+B+V%3BYu%2C+W%3BLee%2C+N+C&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-29 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive and developmental toxicity of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide in rats. AN - 73236159; 1397799 AB - N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (mDET, DEET) is widely used as a topical insect repellent. It is the active ingredient in many consumer formulations, which usually contain 10-25% mDET in an alcohol base. More concentrated consumer products are also available, including some that are pure technical grade mDET. Persons living or employed in mosquito-infested areas may have very high seasonal exposures to mDET. Because contradictory reports had been published on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of mDET, a series of studies was conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. All treatments were administered by daily subcutaneous injections of undiluted mDET. A dose finding study was done using 12 time-mated females per group treated on Gestational Days (GD) 6-15 with 0.50, 0.62, 0.78, 0.92, or 1.2 ml mDET/kg/day. No females survived 10 days of mDET dosing with 1.2 ml/kg/day. Deaths occurred in all other groups except the low dose (0.50 ml/kg/day). Pregnant females treated on GD 6-15 with 0 or 0.30 ml/kg/day were used for the teratology study. Half of each group was euthanized on GD 20: the second half was singly housed in nesting boxes and allowed to deliver litters. Live pups were counted and weighed soon after birth on Postnatal Day (PD) 0 and again on PD 3, 9, and 14. Proven fertile males were treated 5 days/week for 9 weeks with 0, 0.30, 0.73, 1.15, or 1.80 ml mDET/kg/day for a male dose-finding study. Each group consisted of 20 males. No males survived the 1.80 ml/kg/day. Deaths occurred in all remaining dose groups except the 0.30 ml/kg/day and control group. Immediately following the final treatment of the male dose study, 11 males were randomly selected from the 0.30 and 0.73 ml/kg/day groups. They were cohabited for 7 days with 4 females per male during post-treatment Weeks 1 and 2. Half of the females were euthanized 12-14 days after the last day of cohabitation for a dominant lethal study; the remaining females were singly housed in nesting boxes and allowed to deliver litters. Live pups were counted and weighted on PD 0 and 3. There was no evidence of reproductive or developmental toxicity in any of these assays, but there were signs of neurotoxicity in treated adult male and female rats, which may relate to reports of neurotoxicity in humans heavily exposed to mDET-containing insect repellents. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Wright, D M AU - Hardin, B D AU - Goad, P W AU - Chrislip, D W AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Cincinnati, Ohio. Y1 - 1992/07// PY - 1992 DA - July 1992 SP - 33 EP - 42 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - DEET KW - 134-62-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Fertility -- drug effects KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - DEET -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73236159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Reproductive+and+developmental+toxicity+of+N%2CN-diethyl-m-toluamide+in+rats.&rft.au=Wright%2C+D+M%3BHardin%2C+B+D%3BGoad%2C+P+W%3BChrislip%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-11-20 N1 - Date created - 1992-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer risk following exposure to Thorotrast: overview in relation to a case report. AN - 73185726; 1522013 AB - Radioactive measurements and histopathologic findings are described in a patient administered Thorotrast, a radiographic contrast agent, 36 y prior to death and compared with cancer risks noted in epidemiologic studies. This person [designated as U.S. Uranium Registry (USUR) Case 1001] had prearranged for donation of her body to the USUR and the National Cancer Institute for study. Elevated levels of radioactivity were noted in those organs in which excess cancers have been reported in epidemiologic surveys of Thorotrast-exposed subjects. Hepatic tissue in USUR Case 1001 was estimated to have received an average lifetime absorbed dose of 16.2 Gy, based on radiochemical analyses, consistent with the high risks for liver tumors reported in all studied populations. Thorotrast was present throughout the bone marrow of USUR Case 1001, who died secondary to complications of refractory anemia with excess blasts (RAEB). Elevated risks for acute myeloid leukemia have been noted in Thorotrast patients, and more recently, cases of RAEB and RAEB in transformation have been reported. The thorium decay series includes the bone-seeking radionuclides 224Ra and 228Ra, which have been associated with high risks for osteosarcomas, although the association between Thorotrast and bone cancer is not as convincing. The skeleton of USUR Case 1001, however, contained significant levels of radioactivity. Other tissues evaluated in USUR Case 1001 included lung, eye, kidney, and breast, which did not contain elevated levels of radioactivity. JF - Health physics AU - Travis, L B AU - Kathren, R L AU - Boice, J D AD - Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852. Y1 - 1992/07// PY - 1992 DA - July 1992 SP - 89 EP - 97 VL - 63 IS - 1 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Contrast Media KW - 0 KW - Thorium Dioxide KW - 9XA7X17UQC KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Humans KW - Leukemia, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - Aged KW - Leukemia, Myeloid -- etiology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Contrast Media -- adverse effects KW - Thorium Dioxide -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73185726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Cancer+risk+following+exposure+to+Thorotrast%3A+overview+in+relation+to+a+case+report.&rft.au=Travis%2C+L+B%3BKathren%2C+R+L%3BBoice%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Travis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-15 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of caloric restriction on hepatic nuclear DNA damage in male Fischer 344 rats treated with aflatoxin B1. AN - 73110906; 1641870 AB - Caloric restriction is known to reduce chemically-induced tumor incidence in laboratory animals. The effect is believed to be mediated in part by modification of hepatic drug metabolism, including both phase I and phase II enzymes. Using aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as a model carcinogen, we studied the effect of caloric restriction on the modification of rat liver nuclear DNA by AFB1 and DNA damage due to the formation of apurinic sites from the AFB1-DNA adduct removal process. Caloric restriction reduced the metabolic activation of AFB1 which resulted in a decrease of AFB1-DNA binding by more than 50%. The results of the study of the effect of caloric restriction on the AFB1-induced DNA strand breakage assayed by the alkaline unwinding technique showed that caloric restriction protected the formation of apurinic sites from the AFB1-DNA adducts and reduced the double strand DNA breakages by 1.3-2.5-fold. Thus, the lower initial AFB1-DNA binding and less DNA damage, presumably by the less apurinic sites formed during the depurination process of AFB1-DNA adducts, contributed to the protective effect of caloric restriction. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Gao, P AU - Chou, M W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1992/07// PY - 1992 DA - July 1992 SP - 233 EP - 242 VL - 61 IS - 2-3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Energy Intake KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73110906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Effect+of+caloric+restriction+on+hepatic+nuclear+DNA+damage+in+male+Fischer+344+rats+treated+with+aflatoxin+B1.&rft.au=Gao%2C+P%3BChou%2C+M+W&rft.aulast=Gao&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-28 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to monitor year 2000 objectives among American Indians. AN - 73101597; 1641442 AB - The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a data set based on telephone surveys that have been conducted by States in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control, has been used to estimate the prevalence of behavioral risk factors for adults in the United States so health objectives can be set and progress towards accomplishing them measured. Data for adult American Indians in this regard have not been available generally. The use of these data to estimate behavioral risk prevalence for American Indians by geographic region was examined and the results compared with those for white Americans. In addition, data from the system were compared with other data sets, including the results of selected surveys in American Indian communities, to explore the validity of the system as a tool for evaluating the behavioral risks of Indians. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for the period 1985 to 1988 were used. During this period, the 1,055 American Indian respondents constituted 0.63 percent of those responding under the system and 0.70 percent of the population of the participating States. Separate (sex-specific) behavioral risk prevalence estimates were derived for Indians and whites for four geographic regions--Southwest, Plains, West Coast, and Other States. The system's behavioral risk estimates for the Plains region were compared with available data from behavioral risk surveys done in three American Indian communities in Montana (Blackfeet, Fort Peck, and Great Falls) from 1987 to 1989. The behavioral risk factors compared include use of automobile seatbelts, current smoking, current use of smokeless tobacco, heavy drinking, drinking and driving, overweight, hypertension, and sedentary lifestyle. Although large regional differences in the prevalence of these risk factors were found, the magnitude and direction of the differences are frequently similar among American Indians and whites living in the same geographic regions. The findings from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System among American Indians are largely consistent within dependently collected data from more resource intensive household surveys, at least when surveys in Montana are compared with system data from the Plains. These data are generally consistent with other epidemiologic studies.When they are used in conjunction with community-specific surveys, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data may be useful for monitoring the progress of American Indians towards the Year 2000 national health objectives. The value of the surveillance system for monitoring trends in behavioral risk factors among Indians would be enhanced if States attempted to over sample regions (such as Indian reservations) with a high proportion of Indian residents. It appears that aggressive health promotion and disease prevention efforts will be needed if these objectives are to be achieved. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Sugarman, J R AU - Warren, C W AU - Oge, L AU - Helgerson, S D AD - Indian Health Service Epidemiology Program, Seattle, WA 98121. PY - 1992 SP - 449 EP - 456 VL - 107 IS - 4 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- psychology KW - Alcohol Drinking KW - Obesity -- epidemiology KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Tobacco, Smokeless KW - Life Style KW - Plants, Toxic KW - Seat Belts -- utilization KW - Risk Factors KW - Hypertension -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Health Behavior -- ethnology KW - Indians, North American -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73101597?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Using+the+Behavioral+Risk+Factor+Surveillance+System+to+monitor+year+2000+objectives+among+American+Indians.&rft.au=Sugarman%2C+J+R%3BWarren%2C+C+W%3BOge%2C+L%3BHelgerson%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Sugarman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-03 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Prev Med. 1991 May-Jun;7(3):155-60 [1931144] Am J Public Health. 1991 Mar;81(3):372-7 [1994746] MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1990 Jun;39(2):1-21 [2112688] Public Health Rep. 1988 Jul-Aug;103(4):366-75 [2841712] Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Jun;53(6 Suppl):1535S-1542S [2031484] Comment In: Public Health Rep. 1992 Nov-Dec;107(6):744-5 [1454991] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The protective effect of alcohol on the occurrence of epidemic oyster-borne hepatitis A. AN - 73098907; 1637901 AB - Limited data indicate that drinking alcoholic beverages along with eating food contaminated with Shigella or Salmonella decreases the risk and/or the severity of illness. No such study has been reported following exposure to a viral pathogen. During an oyster-borne outbreak of hepatitis A, we studied the effect of ingestion of alcoholic beverages concomitant with consumption of contaminated oysters. The analysis was restricted to 51 cases and 33 controls who had consumed the implicated raw oysters. After controlling for potential confounders, we found a protective effect for beverages that have an alcohol concentration of greater than or equal to 10% (odds ratio = 0.1, 95% confidence interval = 0.02-0.9), but not for beverages with an alcohol concentration of less than 10% (odds ratio = 0.7, 95% confidence interval = 0.2-2.9). JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Desenclos, J A AU - Klontz, K C AU - Wilder, M H AU - Gunn, R A AD - Division of Field Epidemiology, Centers for Disease Control, U.S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA. Y1 - 1992/07// PY - 1992 DA - July 1992 SP - 371 EP - 374 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Sex Factors KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Florida -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Ostreidae -- microbiology KW - Hepatitis A -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis A -- prevention & control KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73098907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=The+protective+effect+of+alcohol+on+the+occurrence+of+epidemic+oyster-borne+hepatitis+A.&rft.au=Desenclos%2C+J+A%3BKlontz%2C+K+C%3BWilder%2C+M+H%3BGunn%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Desenclos&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-31 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improvements in ion-trap chemical-ionization performance. AN - 73085404; 1638045 AB - Ion-trap chemical-ionization performance has been improved by application of a modified scan function for the rejection of the undesired electron-ionization-like (EI-like) ions formed at the beginning of the reaction ionization period. The net effect of this software modification to the automatic reaction control is to produce chemical ionization (CI) spectra that are no longer adulterated with concentration-dependent EI-like ions. Under such improved conditions, CI spectra from an ion trap can now be directly compared with CI spectra produced on conventional quadrupole and magnet-scanning instruments. JF - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM AU - Cairns, T AU - Chiu, K S AU - Siegmund, E AU - Weber, M AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food & Drug Administration, Office of Regulatory Affairs, Los Angeles, CA 90015. Y1 - 1992/07// PY - 1992 DA - July 1992 SP - 449 EP - 453 VL - 6 IS - 7 SN - 0951-4198, 0951-4198 KW - Ions KW - 0 KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Pesticides -- analysis KW - Spectrum Analysis -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73085404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.atitle=Improvements+in+ion-trap+chemical-ionization+performance.&rft.au=Cairns%2C+T%3BChiu%2C+K+S%3BSiegmund%2C+E%3BWeber%2C+M&rft.aulast=Cairns&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Rapid+communications+in+mass+spectrometry+%3A+RCM&rft.issn=09514198&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-03 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) by human monocytes is differentially regulated by GM-CSF, TNF alpha, and IFN-gamma. AN - 73043021; 1623556 AB - Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) stimulates the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes. In this study, the qualitative and relative quantitative ability of various cytokines to induce and to synergize in M-CSF production by monocytes was studied. GM-CSF and the phorbolester PMA were strong inducers of M-CSF m-RNA expression. This was correlated closely with the secretion of M-CSF protein as measured in the murine M-NFS-60 cell line bioassay. Both TNF alpha and IFN-gamma enhanced M-CSF message levels induced by GM-CSF, but only TNF alpha synergized with GM-CSF in the induction of M-CSF protein secretion. M-CSF transcripts induced by TNF alpha and IFN-gamma were much lower compared to those induced by GM-CSF and PMA and were not accompanied by the secretion of M-CSF protein. In addition, costimulation of cells with TNF alpha and IFN-gamma did not result in M-CSF production. Although M-CSF did not induce its own message, it further enhanced M-CSF transcripts induced by GM-CSF. LPS also failed to induce M-CSF message or secretion. These results show that cytokines differ in their ability to induce or to synergize in the induction of biologically active M-CSF protein. They further demonstrate that M-CSF message expression, induced by cytokines, does not always correlate with M-CSF protein secretion. JF - Cellular immunology AU - Gruber, M F AU - Gerrard, T L AD - Division of Cytokine Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1992/07// PY - 1992 DA - July 1992 SP - 361 EP - 369 VL - 142 IS - 2 SN - 0008-8749, 0008-8749 KW - Phorbol Esters KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor KW - 81627-83-0 KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor KW - 83869-56-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Phorbol Esters -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Drug Synergism KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Cell Line KW - Monocytes -- secretion KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- pharmacology KW - Monocytes -- drug effects KW - Interferon-gamma -- pharmacology KW - Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- secretion KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73043021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+immunology&rft.atitle=Production+of+macrophage+colony-stimulating+factor+%28M-CSF%29+by+human+monocytes+is+differentially+regulated+by+GM-CSF%2C+TNF+alpha%2C+and+IFN-gamma.&rft.au=Gruber%2C+M+F%3BGerrard%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Gruber&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+immunology&rft.issn=00088749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-07 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - British data on coal miners' pneumoconiosis and relevance to US conditions. AN - 73016904; 1609916 AB - The current primary federal dust standard for US underground coal miners of 2 mg/m3 respirable dust is based on British epidemiological information on exposure-response derived in 1969. Since then, much new information has become available. This paper reviews and compares the available information as it relates to the US mining situation. Recent exposure-response information on pneumoconiosis and dust exposure derived by British researchers was employed to estimate working-life risks of pneumoconiosis for miners exposed to 2 mg/m3. It is estimated that close to 9% of underground coal miners who work for 40 years in a 2 mg/m3 environment would develop pneumoconiosis (category 1 or greater). Progressive massive fibrosis would develop in 0.7%. There are unresolved questions relating to the validity of extrapolating findings on British mines and miners to the US and also in predicting disease levels at the low end of the dust exposure spectrum. Given the data available, current information suggests miners who are employed for a working life-time at the current federal dust limit of 2 mg/m3 are still at risk of developing pneumoconiosis. JF - American journal of public health AU - Attfield, M D AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1992/07// PY - 1992 DA - July 1992 SP - 978 EP - 983 VL - 82 IS - 7 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Fibrosis KW - Humans KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Models, Statistical KW - Occupational Exposure -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Population Surveillance KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Health Status Indicators KW - United Kingdom -- epidemiology KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Incidence KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Pneumoconiosis -- epidemiology KW - Coal Mining KW - Pneumoconiosis -- pathology KW - Pneumoconiosis -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73016904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=British+data+on+coal+miners%27+pneumoconiosis+and+relevance+to+US+conditions.&rft.au=Attfield%2C+M+D&rft.aulast=Attfield&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=978&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Public Health. 1992 Jul;82(7):964-70 [1535182] J Occup Med. 1986 Aug;28(8):741-5 [3746499] Br J Ind Med. 1988 Jan;45(1):43-55 [3342187] Am J Ind Med. 1984;6(6):407-15 [6517070] Br J Ind Med. 1987 Oct;44(10):661-72 [3676119] Am J Public Health. 1992 Jul;82(7):971-7 [1609915] Br J Ind Med. 1982 May;39(2):120-7 [7066228] Br J Ind Med. 1981 Nov;38(4):321-6 [7317294] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1973 Nov;108(5):1186-91 [4746574] Br J Ind Med. 1962 Jan;19:52-64 [13880082] J Public Health Policy. 1980 Mar;1(1):50-63 [7024310] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiological data on US coal miners' pneumoconiosis, 1960 to 1988. AN - 73011969; 1535182 AB - Statistics on prevalence of pneumoconiosis among working underground coal miners based on epidemiologic data collected between 1960 and 1988 are presented. The main intent was to examine the time-related trend in prevalence, particularly after 1969, when substantially lower dust levels were mandated by federal act. Data from studies undertaken between 1960 and 1968 were collected and compared. Information for the period 1969 to 1988 was extracted from a large ongoing national epidemiologic study. Tenure-specific prevalence rates and summary statistics derived from the latter data for four consecutive time intervals within the 19-year period were calculated and compared. The results indicate a reduction in pneumoconiosis over time. The trend is similar to that seen in a large radiologic surveillance program of underground miners operated concurrently. Although such factors as x-ray reader variation, changes in x-ray standards, and worker self-selection for examination may have influenced the findings to some extent, adjusted summary rates reveal a reduction in prevalence concurrent with reductions in coal mine dust levels mandated by federal act in 1969. JF - American journal of public health AU - Attfield, M D AU - Castellan, R M AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1992/07// PY - 1992 DA - July 1992 SP - 964 EP - 970 VL - 82 IS - 7 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiography, Thoracic -- standards KW - Radiography, Thoracic -- trends KW - Humans KW - Primary Prevention -- trends KW - Primary Prevention -- standards KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Population Surveillance KW - Occupational Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Primary Prevention -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Adult KW - Research Design -- standards KW - Data Collection KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Radiography, Thoracic -- classification KW - Meta-Analysis as Topic KW - Prevalence KW - Pneumoconiosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - Pneumoconiosis -- epidemiology KW - Coal Mining KW - Pneumoconiosis -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73011969?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Epidemiological+data+on+US+coal+miners%27+pneumoconiosis%2C+1960+to+1988.&rft.au=Attfield%2C+M+D%3BCastellan%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Attfield&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=964&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1979 May;132(5):803-8 [107750] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992 Mar;145(3):605-9 [1546842] Am J Public Health. 1992 Jul;82(7):971-7 [1609915] Br J Ind Med. 1988 Jan;45(1):43-55 [3342187] Arch Environ Health. 1973 Oct;27(4):221-6 [4728172] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1973 Oct;108(4):886-93 [4741884] Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1970 Mar;60(3):441-51 [5461521] Br J Ind Med. 1968 Jul;25(3):165-75 [5663420] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1968 Aug;98(2):306-10 [5667759] J Occup Med. 1966 Jul;8(7):365-76 [5939909] Arch Environ Health. 1967 Jan;14(1):189-200 [6017086] Am J Ind Med. 1984;6(6):407-15 [6517070] Am J Ind Med. 1984;6(6):417-25 [6517071] Am J Ind Med. 1984;6(6):427-40 [6517072] J Occup Med. 1963 Aug;5:376-88 [14046636] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1964 Mar;89:387-401 [14129341] J Occup Med. 1961 Nov;3:493-506 [14465163] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1979 Oct;40(10):910-5 [525618] Inhaled Part. 1975 Sep;4 Pt 2:737-55 [1236247] Br J Ind Med. 1976 Feb;33(1):13-7 [1268102] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Average radiation dose in standard CT examinations of the head: results of the 1990 NEXT survey. AN - 73009293; 1609069 AB - In 1990, as part of the Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends (NEXT) program, 252 computed tomographic (CT) systems were evaluated to measure radiation doses associated with standard head CT in adults. The multiple-scan average dose (MSAD) was used as the dose descriptor. For most of the systems, the MSAD at the midpoint on the central axis of a standard dosimetry phantom was between 34 and 55 mGy. Doses were as high as 140 mGy, and dose sometimes varied by a factor of two or more for identical CT units. This range indicates that dose can potentially be reduced by careful selection of standard CT techniques. Users of CT systems should be aware of radiation dose delivered with CT, dose ranges associated with different systems, and doses delivered with their particular unit, which requires that dose performance of CT systems be assessed by means of a protocol that allows comparison of data collected for identical and/or different units. JF - Radiology AU - Conway, B J AU - McCrohan, J L AU - Antonsen, R G AU - Rueter, F G AU - Slayton, R J AU - Suleiman, O H AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1992/07// PY - 1992 DA - July 1992 SP - 135 EP - 140 VL - 184 IS - 1 SN - 0033-8419, 0033-8419 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Health Personnel KW - Patients KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed -- methods KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Head -- diagnostic imaging KW - Radiation Protection KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73009293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiology&rft.atitle=Average+radiation+dose+in+standard+CT+examinations+of+the+head%3A+results+of+the+1990+NEXT+survey.&rft.au=Conway%2C+B+J%3BMcCrohan%2C+J+L%3BAntonsen%2C+R+G%3BRueter%2C+F+G%3BSlayton%2C+R+J%3BSuleiman%2C+O+H&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiology&rft.issn=00338419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-17 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance data on US coal miners' pneumoconiosis, 1970 to 1986. AN - 73007095; 1609915 AB - Statistics on prevalence of pneumoconiosis among working underground coal miners from data collected as part of a large national radiographic surveillance program between 1970 and 1986 are presented. The main intent was to examine the time-related trend in prevalence over this period, which coincides with historically low dust levels mandated by federal act. Tenure-specific prevalence rates and summary statistics derived from them for four consecutive time intervals within the 16-year period were calculated and compared. The results indicate a reduction in pneumoconiosis over the life of the program. This trend is similar to that seen in epidemiologic studies undertaken concurrently. Although low participation in the surveillance program and other problems complicate the findings, it appears that reductions in dust exposure mandated by federal act in 1969 have led to lower prevalence of pneumoconiosis among underground coal miners. JF - American journal of public health AU - Attfield, M D AU - Althouse, R B AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1992/07// PY - 1992 DA - July 1992 SP - 971 EP - 977 VL - 82 IS - 7 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiography, Thoracic -- standards KW - Occupational Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Clinical Protocols -- standards KW - Primary Prevention -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Primary Prevention -- standards KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Radiography, Thoracic -- classification KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Prevalence KW - Pneumoconiosis -- diagnostic imaging KW - National Health Programs -- standards KW - Pneumoconiosis -- epidemiology KW - Coal Mining KW - Pneumoconiosis -- prevention & control KW - Population Surveillance KW - National Health Programs -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73007095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Surveillance+data+on+US+coal+miners%27+pneumoconiosis%2C+1970+to+1986.&rft.au=Attfield%2C+M+D%3BAlthouse%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Attfield&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=971&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Public Health. 1992 Jul;82(7):964-70 [1535182] J Occup Med. 1986 Aug;28(8):741-5 [3746499] Radiology. 1973 Oct;109(1):19-23 [4783121] Am J Ind Med. 1984;6(6):427-40 [6517072] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1979 Oct;40(10):910-5 [525618] Br J Ind Med. 1988 Jan;45(1):43-55 [3342187] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiology of Giardiasis in Wisconsin: Increasing Incidence of Reported Cases and Unexplained Seasonal Trends AN - 19139749; 9301710 AB - Giardia lamblia is the most commonly reported enteric pathogen in Wisconsin. Since giardiasis became a notifiable disease, the annual number of cases reported to the Wisconsin Division of Health has increased more than 20-fold, from 2.2 cases per 100,000 population in 1981 to 49.1 cases per 100,000 population in 1988. To better understand the nature of this increasing trend, records of G. lamblia infections reported to the Wisconsin Division of Health from 1981 to 1988 were reviewed. Although the increase in reported cases was a general phenomenon that was not limited to a few high-risk groups, the highest annual incidence and greatest increase occurred in children 1-4 years old; 34% of the cases in this age group occurred in children who attended day care centers. A remarkably consistent late summer (August) increase was observed across all demographic and risk groups, suggesting that G. lamblia may be more common in the environment during late summer, or that risk factors for transmission may differ during these months. Age-specific incidence rates of G. lamblia infection suggest that person-to-person transmission may contribute significantly to sporadic cases of giardiasis in Wisconsin. The available data, although limited, suggest that surface drinking water does not play a major role in transmission of G. lamblia in Wisconsin. Additional studies are needed to further explain the increasing incidence and seasonal nature of reported giardiasis and to identify opportunities for prevention. (Author's abstract) JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene AJTHAB, Vol. 47, No. 1, p 13-19, July 1992. 2 fig, 2 tab, 24 ref. AU - Addiss, D G AU - Davis, J P AU - Roberts, J M AU - Mast, EE AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia Y1 - 1992/07// PY - 1992 DA - Jul 1992 KW - Water Resources Abstracts KW - Descriptors: *Giardiasis KW - *Human diseases KW - *Pathogens KW - *Public health KW - *Water pollution effects KW - *Wisconsin KW - Drinking water KW - Enteric pathogens KW - Epidemiology KW - Giardia KW - Infection KW - Population exposure KW - Seasonal variation KW - SW 3060:Water treatment and distribution KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19139749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awaterresources&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Epidemiology+of+Giardiasis+in+Wisconsin%3A+Increasing+Incidence+of+Reported+Cases+and+Unexplained+Seasonal+Trends&rft.au=Addiss%2C+D+G%3BDavis%2C+J+P%3BRoberts%2C+J+M%3BMast%2C+EE&rft.aulast=Addiss&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The basis of the FDA's decision on breast implants. AN - 72954365; 1309171 JF - The New England journal of medicine AU - Kessler, D A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1992/06/18/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Jun 18 SP - 1713 EP - 1715 VL - 326 IS - 25 SN - 0028-4793, 0028-4793 KW - Gels KW - 0 KW - Silicones KW - Sodium Chloride KW - 451W47IQ8X KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Mastectomy -- rehabilitation KW - Female KW - Mammaplasty -- adverse effects KW - Silicones -- adverse effects KW - Prostheses and Implants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72954365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=The+basis+of+the+FDA%27s+decision+on+breast+implants.&rft.au=Kessler%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Kessler&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-06-18&rft.volume=326&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=1713&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=00284793&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-19 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: N Engl J Med. 1993 Mar 11;328(10):733; author reply 734 [8433738] N Engl J Med. 1993 Mar 11;328(10):733; author reply 734 [8379971] N Engl J Med. 1992 Jun 18;326(25):1695-6 [1588985] N Engl J Med. 1993 Mar 11;328(10):732; author reply 734-5 [8433736] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reduced susceptibility to HIV-1 infection of ethyl-methanesulfonate-treated CEM subclones correlates with a blockade in their protein kinase C signaling pathway. AN - 73011014; 1351090 AB - We have described the isolation of chemically induced CEM subclones that express CD4 receptors and bind soluble gp120, yet show a markedly reduced susceptibility to infection with HIV-1. Two subclones were found to have an abnormal response to the protein kinase C (PKC) activator PMA. PMA treatment induced CD3 and CD25 (IL-2R) receptors on the parental line and on other ethyl-methanesulfonate-derived subclones, but not on these two mutants. Direct assays of PKC activity were conducted. Total cellular PKC enzymatic activity was found to be normal in these subclones. PMA-induced CD4 down-modulation occurred normally. In addition, activation of c-raf kinase was normal. Since HIV-1 long terminal repeat contains two functional nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) regulatory elements, we studied the ability of PMA to induce NF-kB binding activity by different assays. Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) assays using the HIV-1 (-139)long terminal repeat-CAT construct showed no PMA induction of CAT activity in these subclones (unlike the parental line and other subclones). Okadaic acid, an inhibitor of phosphatases 1 and 2A, did not overcome the defect in these subclones. Gel retardation assays, using a 32P-probe containing the HIV-1 NF-kB probe and nuclear extracts from PMA-treated cells, showed significantly reduced induction of nuclear NF-kB binding proteins in these two subclones compared with wild type CEM and a control subclone. Deoxycholate treatment of cytoplasmic extracts from these subclones released much reduced NF-kB binding proteins from their cytoplasmic pools. Thus, reduced levels of PKC-induced nuclear NF-kB activity in two T cell subclones did not affect their normal cell growth, but correlated with a pronounced reduction in their susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Hillman, K AU - Qian, J AU - Siegel, J N AU - Roderiquez, G AU - Blackburn, R AU - Manischewitz, J AU - Norcross, M AU - Golding, H AD - Division of Virology, Food and Drug Administration, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1992/06/15/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Jun 15 SP - 3991 EP - 3998 VL - 148 IS - 12 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - Ethers, Cyclic KW - NF-kappa B KW - Nuclear Proteins KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - Okadaic Acid KW - 1W21G5Q4N2 KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate KW - 9H154DI0UP KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Clone Cells KW - Humans KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression KW - Ethers, Cyclic -- pharmacology KW - HIV Long Terminal Repeat KW - Base Sequence KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cytoplasm -- metabolism KW - Cell Compartmentation KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Nuclear Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mutation KW - Signal Transduction KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - HIV Infections -- physiopathology KW - Protein Kinase C -- physiology KW - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73011014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Reduced+susceptibility+to+HIV-1+infection+of+ethyl-methanesulfonate-treated+CEM+subclones+correlates+with+a+blockade+in+their+protein+kinase+C+signaling+pathway.&rft.au=Hillman%2C+K%3BQian%2C+J%3BSiegel%2C+J+N%3BRoderiquez%2C+G%3BBlackburn%2C+R%3BManischewitz%2C+J%3BNorcross%2C+M%3BGolding%2C+H&rft.aulast=Hillman&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-06-15&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3991&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-10 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevention of binding of rgp120 by anti-HIV active tannins. AN - 73022781; 1610410 AB - Several tannins with anti-HIV activity have been described previously (Nonaka et al., J Nat Prod 53: 587-595, 1990). We have shown that the tannins chebulinic acid and punicalin were able to block the binding of HIV rgp120 to CD4. These compounds were not toxic to stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes at concentrations ten times above their maximal effective concentration. JF - Biochemical pharmacology AU - Weaver, J L AU - Pine, P S AU - Dutschman, G AU - Cheng, Y C AU - Lee, K H AU - Aszalos, A AD - Division of Research and Testing, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1992/06/09/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Jun 09 SP - 2479 EP - 2480 VL - 43 IS - 11 SN - 0006-2952, 0006-2952 KW - Antigens, CD4 KW - 0 KW - Antiviral Agents KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Tannins KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Protein Binding -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Drug Design KW - Antiviral Agents -- pharmacology KW - Tannins -- pharmacology KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp120 -- metabolism KW - Antigens, CD4 -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73022781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Prevention+of+binding+of+rgp120+by+anti-HIV+active+tannins.&rft.au=Weaver%2C+J+L%3BPine%2C+P+S%3BDutschman%2C+G%3BCheng%2C+Y+C%3BLee%2C+K+H%3BAszalos%2C+A&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-06-09&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00062952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-21 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of CYP1A2 and NAT2 phenotypes in human populations by analysis of caffeine urinary metabolites. AN - 75509063; 1306111 AB - The wide variations in urinary bladder and colo-rectal cancer incidence in humans have been attributed in part to metabolic factors associated with exposure to carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Cytochrome P-4501A2 (CYP1A2), which catalyses N-oxidation, and acetyltransferase (NAT2) which catalyses N- and O-acetylation, both appear to be polymorphically distributed in human populations; and slow and rapid NAT2 phenotypes have been implicated as risk factors for these cancers. Caffeine has also been shown to undergo 3-demethylation by CYP1A2, and it is further acetylated to 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU) by the polymorphic NAT2. In this report, we describe a metabolic phenotyping procedure that can be used to determine concomitantly the hepatic CYP1A2 and NAT2 phenotypes. For the NAT2 phenotype, we confirm the valid use of the urinary molar ratio of AFMU/1-methylxanthine, even in alkaline urines. For the CYP1A2 phenotype, the urinary molar ratio of [1,7-dimethylxanthine + 1,7-dimethyluric acid]/caffeine, taken at 4-5 h after caffeine ingestion, was identified from pharmacokinetic analyses of 12 subjects as being better correlated (r = 0.73; p = 0.007) with the rate constant for caffeine 3-demethylation than other previously suggested ratios. This procedure was then used to determine the CYP1A2 phenotype in subjects from Arkansas (n = 101), Italy (n = 95), and China (n = 78). Statistical and probit analyses of nonsmokers indicated that the CYP1A2 activity was not normally distributed and appeared trimodal. This trimodality allowed arbitrary designation of slow, intermediate, and rapid phenotypes, which ranged from 12-13% slow, 51-67% intermediate, and 20-37% rapid, in the different populations. A reproducibility study of 13 subjects over a 5 day or 5 week period showed that, with one exception, intraindividual variability did not alter this CYP1A2 phenotypic classification. Induction of CYP1A2 by cigarette smoking was also confirmed by the increased caffeine metabolite ratios observed in the Arkansas and Italian smokers (blonde tobacco). However, Italian smokers of black tobacco and Chinese smokers did not appear to be induced. Furthermore, probit analyses of Arkansas and Italian blonde tobacco smokers could not discriminate between phenotypes, apparently as a consequence of enzyme induction. JF - Pharmacogenetics AU - Butler, M A AU - Lang, N P AU - Young, J F AU - Caporaso, N E AU - Vineis, P AU - Hayes, R B AU - Teitel, C H AU - Massengill, J P AU - Lawsen, M F AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Office of Research (HFT-100), National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 SP - 116 EP - 127 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 0960-314X, 0960-314X KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Genetics, Population KW - Humans KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Aged KW - Italy KW - Phenotype KW - Risk Factors KW - Kinetics KW - Adult KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Middle Aged KW - China KW - Female KW - Male KW - Caffeine -- metabolism KW - Caffeine -- blood KW - Oxidoreductases -- genetics KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- genetics KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Caffeine -- urine KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75509063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacogenetics&rft.atitle=Determination+of+CYP1A2+and+NAT2+phenotypes+in+human+populations+by+analysis+of+caffeine+urinary+metabolites.&rft.au=Butler%2C+M+A%3BLang%2C+N+P%3BYoung%2C+J+F%3BCaporaso%2C+N+E%3BVineis%2C+P%3BHayes%2C+R+B%3BTeitel%2C+C+H%3BMassengill%2C+J+P%3BLawsen%2C+M+F%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacogenetics&rft.issn=0960314X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-07-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in rates of multiple vascular disruption defects, Atlanta, 1968-1989: is there evidence of a cocaine teratogenic epidemic? AN - 73263227; 1412057 AB - Research suggests that, perhaps through mechanisms initiated by vasoconstriction and leading to vessel thrombosis or embolism, cocaine causes vascular disruption defects, and that frequent cocaine use during early pregnancy could disrupt multiple organ systems in the fetus. We hypothesized that if cocaine is an important cause of multiple vascular disruption defects, a rising prevalence of cocaine use by mothers during pregnancy should be accompanied by rising rates of these defects in their offspring. Using data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, we identified all infants born in Atlanta from 1968 through 1989 who had nonsyndromic, provisional vascular disruption defects affecting more than one organ system: 61 infants (78%) had gastrointestinal and genitourinary defects, 7 (9%) had gastrointestinal and abdominal wall defects, 2 (3%) had gastrointestinal and limb reduction defects, 2 (3%) had limb reduction and abdominal wall defects, 2 (3%) had central nervous system and gastrointestinal defects, 2 (3%) had genitourinary and limb reduction defects, 1 (1%) had genitourinary and abdominal wall defects, and 1 (1%) had central nervous system and genitourinary defects. The prevalence of Atlanta infants with more than one vascular disruption defect is 0.13 per 1,000 live births. Chi-square analysis for trends showed no increase in prevalence during the study period. Our data are from one of the first population-based studies in which trends for defects potentially caused by maternal cocaine use are examined; the results of our study show no significant change in the prevalence of multiple vascular disruption defects over time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Teratology AU - Martin, M L AU - Khoury, M J AU - Cordero, J F AU - Waters, G D AD - Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control, U.S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia 30333. Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 SP - 647 EP - 653 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Fetus -- blood supply KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Pregnancy KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Abnormalities, Multiple -- embryology KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- embryology KW - Abnormalities, Multiple -- epidemiology KW - Cocaine -- adverse effects KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73263227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Trends+in+rates+of+multiple+vascular+disruption+defects%2C+Atlanta%2C+1968-1989%3A+is+there+evidence+of+a+cocaine+teratogenic+epidemic%3F&rft.au=Martin%2C+M+L%3BKhoury%2C+M+J%3BCordero%2C+J+F%3BWaters%2C+G+D&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=647&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-11-06 N1 - Date created - 1992-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Opportunities for integration of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicokinetics in rational drug development. AN - 73250986; 1409369 JF - Pharmaceutical research AU - Peck, C C AU - Barr, W H AU - Benet, L Z AU - Collins, J AU - Desjardins, R E AU - Furst, D E AU - Harter, J G AU - Levy, G AU - Ludden, T AU - Rodman, J H Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 SP - 826 EP - 833 VL - 9 IS - 6 KW - Drugs, Investigational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Evaluation KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Drugs, Investigational -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drugs, Investigational -- pharmacology KW - Drugs, Investigational -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73250986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Pharmaceutical+research&rft.atitle=Opportunities+for+integration+of+pharmacokinetics%2C+pharmacodynamics%2C+and+toxicokinetics+in+rational+drug+development.&rft.au=Peck%2C+C+C%3BBarr%2C+W+H%3BBenet%2C+L+Z%3BCollins%2C+J%3BDesjardins%2C+R+E%3BFurst%2C+D+E%3BHarter%2C+J+G%3BLevy%2C+G%3BLudden%2C+T%3BRodman%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Peck&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=826&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmaceutical+research&rft.issn=07248741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-28 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Opportunities for integration of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicokinetics in rational drug development. AN - 73174281; 1355792 JF - Journal of pharmaceutical sciences AU - Peck, C C AU - Barr, W H AU - Benet, L Z AU - Collins, J AU - Desjardins, R E AU - Furst, D E AU - Harter, J G AU - Levy, G AU - Ludden, T AU - Rodman, J H Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 SP - 605 EP - 610 VL - 81 IS - 6 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- administration & dosage KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Drug Design KW - Toxicology KW - Pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73174281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+pharmaceutical+sciences&rft.atitle=Opportunities+for+integration+of+pharmacokinetics%2C+pharmacodynamics%2C+and+toxicokinetics+in+rational+drug+development.&rft.au=Peck%2C+C+C%3BBarr%2C+W+H%3BBenet%2C+L+Z%3BCollins%2C+J%3BDesjardins%2C+R+E%3BFurst%2C+D+E%3BHarter%2C+J+G%3BLevy%2C+G%3BLudden%2C+T%3BRodman%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Peck&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+pharmaceutical+sciences&rft.issn=00223549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-09 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calcium transients in isolated cardiac myocytes are altered by 1,1,1-trichloroethane. AN - 73172399; 1518078 AB - 1,1,1-Trichloroethane is a widely used solvent that is annually linked to several cases of sudden death following accidental exposure or abuse. Sudden death is believed to be due to ventricular fibrillation or myocardial depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of myocardial depression by assessing the influence of 1,1,1-trichloroethane on intracellular Ca transients in single neonatal rat ventricular myocytes using spectrofluorometric analysis of fura-2-Ca binding. Cells were exposed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane in Hanks' balanced salt solution aliquoted as a 0.2% DMSO solution by a single pass suffusion in an environmentally controlled chamber. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (0.25 mM-8 mM) reduced the height of electrically (1 Hz, 60 V, 10 ms) induced Ca transients concentration dependently and reversibly to a maximum of about 50% with no effect on diastolic Ca concentration. Video motion analysis revealed an inhibition of contractility in the same concentration range. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane inhibited cytosolic Ca increase in response to KCl-induced (90 mM) depolarizations and further decreased the limited Ca transients in ryanodine (1 microM) pretreated myocytes. Increased external Ca (5 mM) antagonized the effect of 0.5 mM 1,1,1-trichloroethane on the Ca transients. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane reduced the caffeine (10 mM) releasable Ca pool in myocytes. These results show that 1,1,1-trichloroethane inhibits Ca mobilization during excitation-contraction coupling in ventricular myocytes. An inhibitory action on the influx of extracellular Ca as well as on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca release and sequestration is likely to be responsible for this action. JF - Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology AU - Hoffmann, P AU - Breitenstein, M AU - Toraason, M AD - Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 SP - 619 EP - 629 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2828, 0022-2828 KW - Solvents KW - 0 KW - Trichloroethanes KW - 1,1,1-trichloroethane KW - 113C650IR1 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Solvents -- toxicity KW - Arrhythmias, Cardiac -- chemically induced KW - Sarcolemma -- metabolism KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Myocardial Contraction -- drug effects KW - Sarcolemma -- drug effects KW - Arrhythmias, Cardiac -- physiopathology KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Trichloroethanes -- toxicity KW - Heart -- physiology KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Myocardium -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73172399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+molecular+and+cellular+cardiology&rft.atitle=Calcium+transients+in+isolated+cardiac+myocytes+are+altered+by+1%2C1%2C1-trichloroethane.&rft.au=Hoffmann%2C+P%3BBreitenstein%2C+M%3BToraason%2C+M&rft.aulast=Hoffmann&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+molecular+and+cellular+cardiology&rft.issn=00222828&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-02 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Study of viral replication in HIV-1-infected CEM T-cell subclones which are reduced in their ability to form syncytia. AN - 73138316; 1380260 AB - The derivation of ethyl-methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenized subclones from the CEM T-cell line has been described. These clones expressed CD4 and bound soluble gp120, however, two of the generated clones were markedly reduced in their ability to form syncytia after infection with either gp160-vaccinia vector or cell-free human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Here, we asked at what stage(s) viral infection is blocked in these cells. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed that at 6 and 72 h postinfection with HIV-1, cells of the syncytia-deficient clones expressed markedly reduced amounts of viral-specific DNA compared with cells of the parental line or the syncytia-positive clones. Long-term cultures revealed a marked delay in the appearance of reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in the supernatants of these subclones when compared with the parental line and viral replication did not lead to massive cell death. Syncytia formation in HIV-1-infected cultures of the syncytia-deficient subclones was enhanced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) when added 24 h postinfection. In contrast, pretreatment with TNF alpha for 48 h followed by washing and infection of the cells with HIV-1 augmented syncytia formation of the syncytia-positive subclones, but not of the syncytia-negative subclones. Thus, the EMS-mutagenized subclones may provide a tool to study host cell factors required for the establishment of a productive HIV-1 infection and responsiveness to TNF alpha. JF - AIDS research and human retroviruses AU - Gruber, M F AU - Hewlett, I K AU - Simms, T AU - Vujcic, L AU - Manischewitz, J AU - Golding, H AD - Division of Virology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 SP - 1139 EP - 1146 VL - 8 IS - 6 SN - 0889-2229, 0889-2229 KW - DNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - HIV Reverse Transcriptase KW - EC 2.7.7.49 KW - RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Clone Cells KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - DNA, Viral -- analysis KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- pharmacology KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase -- metabolism KW - Virus Replication KW - HIV-1 -- genetics KW - T-Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- microbiology KW - HIV-1 -- enzymology KW - Giant Cells -- cytology KW - HIV-1 -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73138316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.atitle=Study+of+viral+replication+in+HIV-1-infected+CEM+T-cell+subclones+which+are+reduced+in+their+ability+to+form+syncytia.&rft.au=Gruber%2C+M+F%3BHewlett%2C+I+K%3BSimms%2C+T%3BVujcic%2C+L%3BManischewitz%2C+J%3BGolding%2C+H&rft.aulast=Gruber&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+research+and+human+retroviruses&rft.issn=08892229&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-24 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermotolerance of heat-shocked Listeria monocytogenes in milk exposed to high-temperature, short-time pasteurization. AN - 73035904; 1622288 AB - The effect of prior heat shock (48 degrees C for 15 min) on the thermotolerance of Listeria monocytogenes at the minimal high-temperature, short-time (71.7 degrees C for 15 s) parameters required by the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance was examined. The mean D71.7 degrees C value for heat-shocked L. monocytogenes was 4.6 +/- 0.5 s (control D = 3.0 +/- 1.0 s); the ratio of D to control D was 1.5. The increased thermotolerance of heat-shocked Listeria cells was not significant and appeared unlikely to have practical implications, in terms of risk assessment, for the safety of pasteurized milk. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Bunning, V K AU - Crawford, R G AU - Tierney, J T AU - Peeler, J T AD - Division of Microbiology, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708. Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 SP - 2096 EP - 2098 VL - 58 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Index Medicus KW - Hot Temperature KW - Animals KW - Time Factors KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Food Microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- growth & development KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Sterilization -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73035904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Thermotolerance+of+heat-shocked+Listeria+monocytogenes+in+milk+exposed+to+high-temperature%2C+short-time+pasteurization.&rft.au=Bunning%2C+V+K%3BCrawford%2C+R+G%3BTierney%2C+J+T%3BPeeler%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=Bunning&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2096&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-06 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Oct;56(10):3216-9 [2126703] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Feb;79(3):860-4 [7038687] Can J Microbiol. 1989 Feb;35(2):245-54 [2501014] Int J Food Microbiol. 1988 Dec 31;7(4):277-86 [3152805] J Appl Bacteriol. 1987 Dec;63(6):533-7 [3126174] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Feb;54(2):364-70 [3128163] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1433-8 [3116926] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1986 Dec;52(6):1398-402 [3098172] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Jun;55(6):1490-4 [2504109] J Clin Microbiol. 1989 May;27(5):812-7 [2501346] Infect Immun. 1989 Jan;57(1):295-8 [2491839] Genes Dev. 1987 Aug;1(6):525-31 [3315852] J Appl Bacteriol. 1986 Nov;61(5):389-93 [3542923] N Engl J Med. 1985 Feb 14;312(7):404-7 [3918263] Science. 1990 May 11;248(4956):730-2 [1970672] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Jun;56(6):1584-7 [2116757] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Feb;56(2):370-6 [2106284] J Bacteriol. 1990 Aug;172(8):4352-8 [2198254] Science. 1990 Jun 1;248(4959):1112-5 [2188365] J Gen Microbiol. 1990 Oct;136(10):2113-8 [2269877] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Escherichia coli umuDC mutants: DNA sequence alterations and UmuD cleavage. AN - 73031023; 1320188 AB - The products of the chromosomally encoded umuDC genes are directly required for mutagenesis in Escherichia coli. Strains with either umuD or umuC mutations are rendered phenotypically non-mutable. To ascertain the molecular basis of this non-mutability, we determined the DNA sequence alterations of seven chromosomal umuDC mutants. Six mutants (umuD1, umuD44, umuD77, umuC36, umuC25, and umuC104) were found to be single base-pair substitutions that resulted in missense mutations. The Tn5 transposon insertion mutation (umuC122) resulted in a missense mutation followed immediately by a termination codon, producing a truncated UmuC protein lacking 102 carboxyl-terminal amino acids. All of the mutations were found to reside in regions of the UmuD and UmuC proteins that share high homology with analogous proteins. Chemiluminescent immunoassays revealed that the umuD1, umuD44, and umuD77 mutations all resulted in a non-cleavable UmuD protein. Because UmuD cleavage is a prerequisite for mutagenesis, the lack of UmuD processing appears to be the molecular basis for the non-mutable phenotype in these strains. These studies re-emphasize the critical nature of the RecA-mediated cleavage of UmuD for inducible mutagenesis and provide insights into the functional domains of the UmuC protein. JF - Molecular & general genetics : MGG AU - Koch, W H AU - Ennis, D G AU - Levine, A S AU - Woodgate, R AD - Molecular Biology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 SP - 443 EP - 448 VL - 233 IS - 3 SN - 0026-8925, 0026-8925 KW - umuC KW - umuD KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Escherichia coli Proteins KW - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase KW - EC 2.7.7.7 KW - UmuD protein, E coli KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - SOS Response (Genetics) -- genetics KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mutation -- genetics KW - Immunoassay KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- chemistry KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73031023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+%26+general+genetics+%3A+MGG&rft.atitle=Escherichia+coli+umuDC+mutants%3A+DNA+sequence+alterations+and+UmuD+cleavage.&rft.au=Koch%2C+W+H%3BEnnis%2C+D+G%3BLevine%2C+A+S%3BWoodgate%2C+R&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=233&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=443&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+%26+general+genetics+%3A+MGG&rft.issn=00268925&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - umuC; umuD N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality of workers employed at organochlorine pesticide manufacturing plants--an update. AN - 73021483; 1615289 AB - A previous mortality study among four organochlorine pesticide manufacturers was updated through 1987. The organochlorine pesticides included chlordane; heptachlor and endrin; aldrin, dieldrin and endrin; and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. The mortality for all causes and all malignant neoplasms at each of the plants was lower than expected. There was a statistically significant increase in liver and biliary tract cancer among workers at plant 3 (5 observed, standardized mortality ratio 393, 95% confidence interval 1.27-9.20). These results are somewhat consistent with experimental animal findings showing benign and malignant tumors of the liver after exposure to aldrin and dieldrin. However, the deaths were due to a mixture of intra- and extra-hepatic tumors, and the dose-response analysis was limited because of the small number of deaths and lack of exposure data. Additional study of this group should include continued follow-up of the total cohort and a case-referent analysis of the deaths from liver and biliary tract cancer. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Brown, D P AD - Industrywide Studies Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio. Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 SP - 155 EP - 161 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Male KW - Cause of Death KW - Bile Duct Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Bile Duct Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Cerebrovascular Disorders -- mortality KW - Liver Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- mortality KW - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73021483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Mortality+of+workers+employed+at+organochlorine+pesticide+manufacturing+plants--an+update.&rft.au=Brown%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-30 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutation induction and DNA adduct formation in Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with 6-nitrochrysene, 6-aminochrysene and their metabolites. AN - 73019061; 1377330 AB - 6-Nitrochrysene, 6-aminochrysene and several of their metabolites were assayed for mutagenic activity at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) locus in DNA-repair-proficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells and excision-repair-deficient CHO-UV5 cells. Mutagen-DNA adducts were analyzed by 32P-postlabeling in cells treated under the conditions of the mutagenicity assay and compared with the adduct patterns produced from the in vitro reaction of metabolites of 6-nitrochrysene and 6-aminochrysene with calf-thymus DNA. The mutagenic activities of the test compounds in the presence of a liver homogenate (S9) fraction from Aroclor 1254-pretreated rats, expressed as the number of mutants per 10(6) cells per nmole test compound per ml, in CHO-K1 and CHO-UV5 cells, respectively, were as follows: 6-nitrochrysene, 0.3 and 4; 6-aminochrysene, 35 and 117; 6-nitrochrysene-1,2-dihydrodiol, 1 and 6; 6-aminochrysene-1,2-dihydrodiol, 488 and 644; chrysene (run as a positive control), 12 and 28. 6-Nitrosochrysene was a direct-acting mutagen, yielding 127 and 618 mutants per 10(6) cells per nmole per ml in CHO-K1 and CHO-UV5 cells, respectively. Mutagen-DNA adduct analysis indicated that cells treated with 6-aminochrysene in the presence of S9 or 6-nitrosochrysene in the absence of S9 contained an adduct pattern identical to that derived from the in vitro reaction of N-hydroxy-6-aminochrysene with calf-thymus DNA. Cells treated with 6-aminochrysene-1,2-dihydrodiol plus S9 contained a single mutagen-DNA adduct that was distinct from those derived from N-hydroxy-6-aminochrysene. Based on comparison with previous studies, this adduct is presumed to be derived from 1,2-dihydroxy-3,4-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-aminochrysene. Cells treated with 6-nitrochrysene plus S9 and 6-nitrochrysene-1,2-dihydrodiol plus S9 contained a single major chromatographically identical adduct that was apparently derived from N-hydroxy-6-aminochrysene-1,2-dihydrodiol. The results indicate that 6-nitrochrysene, 6-aminochrysene and their metabolites are mutagenic in CHO cells, but that the major activation pathway for 6-nitrochrysene and 6-nitrochrysene-1,2-dihydrodiol in this system differs from previously described pathways. JF - Mutation research AU - Delclos, K B AU - Heflich, R H AD - Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1992/06/01/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Jun 01 SP - 153 EP - 164 VL - 279 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Chrysenes KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - 6-nitrochrysene KW - 82ZK83O33Y KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 6-chrysenamine KW - I56L81BL2L KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - CHO Cells KW - Cricetinae KW - Chrysenes -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Chrysenes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73019061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Mutation+induction+and+DNA+adduct+formation+in+Chinese+hamster+ovary+cells+treated+with+6-nitrochrysene%2C+6-aminochrysene+and+their+metabolites.&rft.au=Delclos%2C+K+B%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Delclos&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pain and cyanosis associated with alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. AN - 73011362; 1534964 AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate adverse reaction reports of pain and/or cyanosis attributed to alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI), a plasma alpha-globulin protein used to treat A1PI deficiency. The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Spontaneous Reporting System for the collection and analysis of suspected adverse reactions to drugs and biologics was searched for all reports with dates from January 1, 1988, through October 31, 1989, in which A1PI was named as the suspect biologic. A case of pain and/or cyanosis was defined and characteristics of cases were compared with all other reactions. Information about the production of A1PI and results from animal studies conducted by the manufacturer were also gathered. Fourteen cases of acute chest pain, back pain, and/or cyanosis among patients receiving A1PI infusions were reported to the FDA. The clinical aspects of reported cases were consistent with a rapidly acting, nonallergic mechanism and were easily distinguished from other reactions associated with A1PI. The characteristics of reported cases, the epidemic curve, and lot-specific analyses suggested a point source and strongly implicated two A1PI lots. Information about the production of A1PI and results from animal studies further implicated high-molecular-weight polysaccharides associated with sucrose stabilization of the suspect lots. These cases resemble adverse reactions attributed to complexes of protamine and heparin (a mucopolysaccharide). Similar vasoactive mechanisms are suggested. Research is needed to further define the pathophysiology associated with polysaccharide moieties. JF - The American journal of medicine AU - Clark, J A AU - Gross, T P AD - Office of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 SP - 621 EP - 626 VL - 92 IS - 6 SN - 0002-9343, 0002-9343 KW - Polysaccharides KW - 0 KW - alpha 1-Antitrypsin KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Polysaccharides -- analysis KW - Polysaccharides -- adverse effects KW - Drug Contamination -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Biological Assay KW - Aged KW - Molecular Weight KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Drug Industry KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Seasons KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - alpha 1-Antitrypsin -- adverse effects KW - Back Pain -- epidemiology KW - Cyanosis -- epidemiology KW - Cyanosis -- chemically induced KW - alpha 1-Antitrypsin -- supply & distribution KW - Chest Pain -- epidemiology KW - Chest Pain -- chemically induced KW - Back Pain -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73011362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Pain+and+cyanosis+associated+with+alpha+1-proteinase+inhibitor.&rft.au=Clark%2C+J+A%3BGross%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=00029343&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-10 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Process safety management: resources from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers for use by industrial hygienists. AN - 73002880; 1605114 AB - Industrial hygienists often work closely with engineers to control occupational safety and health hazards. This working relationship involves an educational process in which both engineers and industrial hygienists learn from one another. The Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) is expanding the opportunity for interdisciplinary cooperation and education by producing a series of guidelines publications on the technical and scientific issues critical to preventing and mitigating major releases of toxic materials. Examples of these guidelines include Hazard Evaluation Procedures; Technical Management of Chemical Process Safety; Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis; and Safe Storage and Handling of Highly Toxic Hazardous Materials. Additional topics are addressed in the 8 guidelines in print and the 15 others in preparation. Several guidelines contain specific examples that illustrate how industrial hygienists, engineers, and other readers can use the guidelines to help address chemical process safety problems. Another CCPS activity involves an effort to include an awareness of health, safety, and loss prevention as an integral part of undergraduate chemical engineering education. For practicing engineers and industrial hygienists, a number of continuing education courses on topics such as process hazard analysis, process risk assessment, and process safety are offered by the AIChE. All of these resources are particularly timely in light of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's recently enacted rule on Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Gideon, J A AU - Carmody, T W AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati. Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 SP - 404 EP - 410 VL - 53 IS - 6 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - New York City KW - Clinical Protocols -- standards KW - Humans KW - Organizational Objectives KW - Education, Medical, Continuing KW - Interinstitutional Relations KW - Safety KW - Academies and Institutes -- organization & administration KW - Occupational Medicine -- organization & administration KW - Chemical Engineering -- organization & administration KW - Occupational Medicine -- education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73002880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=Process+safety+management%3A+resources+from+the+American+Institute+of+Chemical+Engineers+for+use+by+industrial+hygienists.&rft.au=Gideon%2C+J+A%3BCarmody%2C+T+W&rft.aulast=Gideon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=404&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-16 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of intercellular communication in human keratinocytes by fractionated asphalt fume condensates. AN - 72998852; 1600610 AB - Asphalt fume condensate (AFC) and chromatographically separated fractions have been shown to cause cancer in mouse skin. The levels of known carcinogenic initiators in these complex mixtures, however, are considered too low to account for their carcinogenic potency. It has been proposed that AFC may contain co-carcinogenic or tumor-promoting agents in addition to carcinogenic initiators. Modulation of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) has been implicated as an important effect of tumor promoters. In this study, we examined the effect of five chromatographically generated fractions of AFC on GJIC in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes (HEK). HEK cells were exposed overnight to medium containing DMSO extracts of AFC fractions. GJIC was evaluated by dye-coupling of microinjected Lucifer Yellow CH. All AFC fractions produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of GJIC. The apparent potency of each fraction correlated with its relative polarity based on HPLC elution characteristics. Cells with reduced GJIC as a result of AFC fraction exposure were found to exclude propidium iodide, suggesting that inhibition of GJIC occurred in the absence of cell killing. However, significantly reduced culture DNA content was found following the overnight exposure to the highest concentrations of AFC fractions C, D and E. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Wey, H E AU - Breitenstein, M J AU - Toraason, M A AD - Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 SP - 1047 EP - 1050 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - 0 KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Cell Death KW - Hydrocarbons -- chemistry KW - Cell Communication -- drug effects KW - Keratinocytes -- drug effects KW - Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Intercellular Junctions -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72998852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+intercellular+communication+in+human+keratinocytes+by+fractionated+asphalt+fume+condensates.&rft.au=Wey%2C+H+E%3BBreitenstein%2C+M+J%3BToraason%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Wey&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1047&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-14 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medication errors. AN - 72971893; 1595519 JF - American family physician AU - Rheinstein, P H AU - McGinnis, T J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland. Y1 - 1992/06// PY - 1992 DA - June 1992 SP - 2720 EP - 2722 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Lidocaine KW - 98PI200987 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Lidocaine -- administration & dosage KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Lidocaine -- adverse effects KW - Hotlines KW - Equipment Design -- standards KW - Physician's Role KW - Syringes -- standards KW - Pharmacopoeias as Topic KW - Medication Errors -- classification KW - Drug Packaging -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Drug Packaging -- standards KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Medication Errors -- statistics & numerical data KW - Drug Labeling -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72971893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+family+physician&rft.atitle=Medication+errors.&rft.au=Rheinstein%2C+P+H%3BMcGinnis%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Rheinstein&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2720&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+family+physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-02 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased intracellular cyclic AMP inhibits inositol phospholipid hydrolysis induced by perturbation of the T cell receptor/CD3 complex but not by G-protein stimulation. Association with protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma 1. AN - 73004135; 1318020 AB - Modulation of inositol phospholipid (InsPL) hydrolysis in response to increasing intracellular concentrations of cyclic AMP (cAMP) was studied in a murine T helper type II (Th2) lymphocyte clone, 8-5-5. Intact 8-5-5 cells produced maximal amounts of cAMP in response to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cholera toxin (CTx) or 7 beta-deacetyl-7 beta-(gamma-N-methylpiperazino)butyryl forskolin (dmpb-forskolin). cAMP generation reached a plateau after 5 min of treatment with dmpb-forskolin (300 microM) or PGE2 (1 microM), but required 60 min of treatment with CTx (1 microgram/ml). Preincubation of 8-5-5 cells with 1 microM-PGE2 or 300 microM-dmpb-forskolin (10 min at 37 degrees C) or with 1 microgram of CTx/ml (60 min at 37 degrees C) completely inhibited InsPL hydrolysis induced by perturbation of the T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 complex with the monoclonal antibody 145.2C11. Preincubation with the cAMP analogue 8-bromo-cyclic AMP (8-Br-cAMP) also inhibited InsPL hydrolysis. Tetanolysin-permeabilized 8-5-5 cells produced cAMP in response to PGE2, dmpb-forskolin and guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP[S]), a non-cell-permeating, non-hydrolysable analogue of GTP that directly activates G-proteins. No inhibition of TCR/CD3-induced InsPL hydrolysis was observed under these conditions. InsPL hydrolysis was also unaffected when permeabilized cells were incubated with up to 10 mM-8-Br-cAMP, suggesting that permeabilized cells lost (a) soluble effector molecule(s) involved in mediating the inhibitory effect observed in intact cells. Treatment of 8-5-5 cells with dmpb-forskolin or CTx prior to permeabilization resulted in inhibition of TCR/CD3-induced InsPL hydrolysis, but did not affect InsPL hydrolysis induced via G-protein stimulation with GTP[S]. Treatment of permeabilized 8-5-5 cells with purified cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) resulted in inhibition of TCR/CD3- but not GTP[S]-induced InsPL hydrolysis. This effect was associated with phosphorylation of phospholipase (PLC)-gamma 1 in the absence of phosphorylation of components of the TCR/CD3 complex. These results suggest that PKA-mediated phosphorylation of PLC may regulate TCR/CD3-induced InsPL hydrolysis. JF - The Biochemical journal AU - Alava, M A AU - DeBell, K E AU - Conti, A AU - Hoffman, T AU - Bonvini, E AD - Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1992/05/15/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 May 15 SP - 189 EP - 199 VL - 284 ( Pt 1) SN - 0264-6021, 0264-6021 KW - Antigens, CD3 KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte KW - Inositol Phosphates KW - Isoenzymes KW - Phospholipids KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell KW - L 858051 KW - 110452-75-0 KW - Colforsin KW - 1F7A44V6OU KW - Cholera Toxin KW - 9012-63-9 KW - Cyclic AMP KW - E0399OZS9N KW - Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.- KW - Type C Phospholipases KW - EC 3.1.4.- KW - GTP-Binding Proteins KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - Dinoprostone KW - K7Q1JQR04M KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dinoprostone -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Activation KW - T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer -- drug effects KW - Cholera Toxin -- pharmacology KW - Colforsin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Intracellular Fluid -- metabolism KW - GTP-Binding Proteins -- drug effects KW - Mice, Nude KW - Mice KW - Hydrolysis KW - Stimulation, Chemical KW - Cattle KW - Colforsin -- pharmacology KW - Down-Regulation -- physiology KW - Phosphorylation KW - Cell Membrane Permeability -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer -- metabolism KW - Cricetinae KW - Cyclic AMP -- biosynthesis KW - Protein Kinases -- physiology KW - Inositol Phosphates -- metabolism KW - Phospholipids -- metabolism KW - T-Lymphocytes -- enzymology KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell -- physiology KW - Type C Phospholipases -- metabolism KW - Protein Kinases -- pharmacology KW - Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - T-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte -- physiology KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73004135?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.atitle=Increased+intracellular+cyclic+AMP+inhibits+inositol+phospholipid+hydrolysis+induced+by+perturbation+of+the+T+cell+receptor%2FCD3+complex+but+not+by+G-protein+stimulation.+Association+with+protein+kinase+A-mediated+phosphorylation+of+phospholipase+C-gamma+1.&rft.au=Alava%2C+M+A%3BDeBell%2C+K+E%3BConti%2C+A%3BHoffman%2C+T%3BBonvini%2C+E&rft.aulast=Alava&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-05-15&rft.volume=284+%28+Pt+1%29&rft.issue=&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.issn=02646021&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-07 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Biochem J. 1991 May 1;275 ( Pt 3):689-96 [1645519] J Chromatogr. 1990 Jul 13;529(1):65-80 [2211942] J Biol Chem. 1988 Oct 5;263(28):14497-504 [2459119] J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 5;264(34):20167-70 [2479646] Year Immunol. 1989;4:74-93 [2648706] J Immunol. 1987 Nov 15;139(10):3463-9 [2824607] Microbiol Immunol. 1988;32(3):293-304 [2839752] Cell Immunol. 1986 Apr 15;99(1):294-9 [2875801] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Aug;83(15):5673-7 [3016713] J Clin Invest. 1987 Aug;80(2):333-40 [3038954] Biochem Soc Trans. 1987 Feb;15(1):32-5 [3104110] Mol Pharmacol. 1987 Jul;32(1):133-9 [3600614] J Exp Med. 1985 Mar 1;161(3):446-56 [3919143] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] Nature. 1984 Apr 19-25;308(5961):693-8 [6232463] Adv Cyclic Nucleotide Protein Phosphorylation Res. 1986;20:1-150 [3028083] FEBS Lett. 1987 Mar 9;213(1):199-203 [3104085] J Immunol. 1988 Dec 1;141(11):3785-90 [3141505] J Biol Chem. 1985 Feb 10;260(3):1366-9 [3155734] Nature. 1985 Jan 24-30;313(6000):318-20 [3918270] Methods Enzymol. 1974;38:299-308 [4375763] Biochem J. 1984 Jun 1;220(2):345-60 [6146314] J Exp Med. 1983 Oct 1;158(4):1178-90 [6194243] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jul;75(7):3050-4 [210449] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jun 15;88(12):5453-6 [1828897] Biochem J. 1990 Jan 15;265(2):407-13 [2137334] J Exp Med. 1990 Jul 1;172(1):95-103 [2162906] J Biol Chem. 1991 Sep 5;266(25):16277-80 [1832154] J Biol Chem. 1991 Jul 5;266(19):12135-9 [2061301] Science. 1990 Mar 30;247(4950):1584-7 [2138816] J Immunol. 1990 Jul 15;145(2):449-55 [2164063] FASEB J. 1990 Aug;4(11):2881-9 [2165947] J Immunol. 1987 Oct 15;139(8):2708-14 [2443570] J Immunol. 1989 Jul 15;143(2):587-95 [2472446] Eur J Immunol. 1989 Oct;19(10):1953-6 [2555197] Nature. 1989 Jan 5;337(6202):78-81 [2562908] Am J Physiol. 1989 Aug;257(2 Pt 1):E170-4 [2764099] J Immunol. 1988 Feb 1;140(3):936-40 [2828473] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Feb;85(3):792-6 [2829202] Immunol Today. 1988 Jul-Aug;9(7-8):222-9 [2855581] Annu Rev Immunol. 1986;4:593-619 [2939858] J Immunol. 1986 Nov 15;137(10):3299-305 [3021852] J Immunol. 1990 Mar 1;144(5):1591-9 [1689750] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Age and dietary factors in hippocampal sensitivity to trimethyltin. AN - 73088250; 1637066 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Scallet, A C AU - Slikker, W AU - Ali, S F AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Holson, R R AU - Lipe, G W AU - Lipscomb, J C AU - Rountree, R L AU - Stewart, C W AU - Matthews, J C AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1992/05/11/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 May 11 SP - 340 EP - 342 VL - 648 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Dietary Proteins KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - Trimethyltin Compounds KW - trimethyltin KW - 1631-73-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Energy Intake KW - Avoidance Learning -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Pyramidal Tracts -- drug effects KW - Hippocampus -- growth & development KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Pyramidal Tracts -- pathology KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Diet KW - Trimethyltin Compounds -- toxicity KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73088250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Age+and+dietary+factors+in+hippocampal+sensitivity+to+trimethyltin.&rft.au=Scallet%2C+A+C%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BBowyer%2C+J+F%3BHolson%2C+R+R%3BLipe%2C+G+W%3BLipscomb%2C+J+C%3BRountree%2C+R+L%3BStewart%2C+C+W%3BMatthews%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-05-11&rft.volume=648&rft.issue=&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-21 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuropathologies associated with dideoxycytosine: a preliminary assessment. AN - 73084906; 1322083 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Morse, D E AU - Evoniuk, G AU - Black, P L AU - Ussery, M A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1992/05/11/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 May 11 SP - 312 EP - 316 VL - 648 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Antiviral Agents KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - Zalcitabine KW - 6L3XT8CB3I KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Drinking Behavior -- drug effects KW - Rauscher Virus KW - Leukemia, Experimental -- drug therapy KW - Rabbits KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Haplorhini KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Dogs KW - Acoustic Stimulation KW - Feeding Behavior -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Antiviral Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Reflex, Startle -- drug effects KW - Zalcitabine -- toxicity KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Antiviral Agents -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73084906?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Neuropathologies+associated+with+dideoxycytosine%3A+a+preliminary+assessment.&rft.au=Morse%2C+D+E%3BEvoniuk%2C+G%3BBlack%2C+P+L%3BUssery%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Morse&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-05-11&rft.volume=648&rft.issue=&rft.spage=312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-21 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A dose-response analysis and quantitative assessment of lung cancer risk and occupational cadmium exposure. AN - 75509410; 1342271 AB - We performed a quantitative assessment of the risk of lung cancer from exposure to cadmium based on a retrospective cohort mortality study of cadmium-exposed workers. The study population consisted of white male workers who were employed for at least 6 months at a cadmium smelter between January 1, 1940, and December 31, 1969, and who were first employed at the facility on or after January 1, 1926. The study findings were analyzed using a modified life-table analysis to estimate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and various functional forms (i.e., exponential, power, additive relative rate, and linear) of Poisson and Cox proportional hazards models to examine the dose-response relationship. Estimates of working lifetime risk (45 years) were developed using an approach that corrects for competing causes of death. An excess in mortality from lung cancer was observed for the entire cohort (SMR = 149, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 95, 222). Mortality from lung cancer was greatest among non-Hispanic workers (SMR = 211, 95% CI = 131, 323), among workers in the highest cadmium exposure group (SMR = 272, 95% CI = 123, 513), and among workers with 20 or more years since the first exposure (SMR = 161, 95% CI = 100, 248). A statistically significant dose-response relationship was evident in nearly all of the regression models evaluated. Based on our analyses, the lifetime excess lung cancer risk at the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration standard for cadmium fumes of 100 micrograms/m3 is approximately 50 to 111 lung cancer deaths per 1000 workers exposed to cadmium for 45 years. JF - Annals of epidemiology AU - Stayner, L AU - Smith, R AU - Thun, M AU - Schnorr, T AU - Lemen, R AD - Division of Standards Development and Technology Transfer, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Bethesda, MD. Y1 - 1992/05// PY - 1992 DA - May 1992 SP - 177 EP - 194 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1047-2797, 1047-2797 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Arsenic -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Models, Statistical KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Life Tables KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Middle Aged KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Cadmium -- adverse effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75509410?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=A+dose-response+analysis+and+quantitative+assessment+of+lung+cancer+risk+and+occupational+cadmium+exposure.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L%3BSmith%2C+R%3BThun%2C+M%3BSchnorr%2C+T%3BLemen%2C+R&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-05-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=10472797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-02-10 N1 - Date created - 1994-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Ann Epidemiol. 1992 May;2(3):335-7 [1342284] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ortho-toluidine blood protein adducts: HPLC analysis with fluorescence detection after a single dose in the adult male rat. AN - 73203118; 1526364 AB - Hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin (Alb) adducts of the suspect human carcinogen ortho-toluidine (OT) were quantified in blood samples collected from rats after a single i.p. injection. Mild alkaline hydrolysis of Hb adducted with [14C]OT followed by extraction with ethyl acetate resulted in recovery of 63% of the bound radioactivity. HPLC analysis revealed a single radiolabeled peak which was identified as OT by GC-MS. In subsequent experiments Hb and Alb adduct levels were determined by HPLC analysis of this cleavage product using fluorescence detection. 4-Ethylaniline was used as internal standard. The detection limit for OT was approximately 450 pg/injection or 5 pmol/mg Hb. Mean adduct levels for Hb increased rapidly over the first 4 hr with the highest (ng/mg Hb +/- SD) 3.7 +/- 0.5 detected 24 hr after OT administration at 50 mg/kg body wt. In contrast, adduct levels for pooled Alb samples increased from 0.7 ng/mg Alb at 2 hr to 2.5 ng/mg Alb at 4 hr, but were not detectable 24 hr after dosing. Hb adducts showed a linear relationship for OT doses of 10, 20, 40, 50, and 100 mg/kg body wt. The Hb adduct t1/2 (11 days) was determined after a single 100 mg/kg OT dose. Hb adduct levels were quantifiable (1.3 +/- 0.2 ng/mg Hb) by HPLC/fluorescence 28 days after 100 mg/kg OT. Although Hb and Alb adducts differ in stability, a ratio of such OT adducts may be useful in long-term industrial biomonitoring for evaluation of OT exposure. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Cheever, K L AU - DeBord, D G AU - Swearengin, T F AU - Booth-Jones, A D AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1992/05// PY - 1992 DA - May 1992 SP - 522 EP - 531 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Hemoglobins KW - 0 KW - Serum Albumin KW - Toluidines KW - 2-toluidine KW - B635MZ0ZLU KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Chromatography, Paper KW - Animals KW - Fluorescence KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Male KW - Drug Administration Routes KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Serum Albumin -- metabolism KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Hemoglobins -- isolation & purification KW - Serum Albumin -- isolation & purification KW - Toluidines -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73203118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=ortho-toluidine+blood+protein+adducts%3A+HPLC+analysis+with+fluorescence+detection+after+a+single+dose+in+the+adult+male+rat.&rft.au=Cheever%2C+K+L%3BDeBord%2C+D+G%3BSwearengin%2C+T+F%3BBooth-Jones%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Cheever&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-05-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=522&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-19 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A nationwide investigation of a possible protamine drug-product defect. AN - 72960089; 1591423 AB - OBJECTIVE To follow-up a report submitted to FDA Spontaneous Reporting System, we investigated the hypothesis that there was not a striking increase in unexpected deaths within four hours after elective coronary artery bypass surgery associated with protamine sulfate use. DESIGN Surveys were mailed to clinical pharmacists at 521 hospitals participating in the Drug Surveillance Network. Questionnaires were to be completed with the assistance of cardiac surgeons and anesthesiologists. Hospitals responding with a suspected problem with protamine were contacted via telephone. RESULTS Surveys were received from clinical pharmacists at 380 hospitals (73 percent response rate) and 29 hospitals reported the occurrence of potential problems associated with protamine during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Telephone interviews of the positive responders yielded six cases of possible myocardial decomposition potentially associated with protamine. There was no association with a specific distributor, however, and none of the hospitals reported a dramatic increase in serious adverse events around the time of index cases. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence of a widespread public health problem with protamine and a product recall was not necessary. The high response rate and the ability to follow-up with telephone interviews suggests that the Drug Surveillance Network is an effective mechanism for investigating possible outbreaks of serious adverse events in the hospital setting. JF - The Annals of pharmacotherapy AU - Herrera, C R AU - Grasela, T H AU - Walawander, C A AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD. Y1 - 1992/05// PY - 1992 DA - May 1992 SP - 643 EP - 644 VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 1060-0280, 1060-0280 KW - Protamines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Pharmacology, Clinical KW - Hospitals KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Pharmacists KW - Protamines -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72960089?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=A+nationwide+investigation+of+a+possible+protamine+drug-product+defect.&rft.au=Herrera%2C+C+R%3BGrasela%2C+T+H%3BWalawander%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Herrera&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-05-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=643&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+pharmacotherapy&rft.issn=10600280&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-02 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA sequence analysis of 1-nitrosopyrene-induced mutations in the hprt gene of Chinese hamster ovary cells. AN - 72940411; 1586993 AB - DNA sequence was determined in 21 mutants induced at the hprt locus of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by 1-nitrosopyrene, a metabolite of the tumorigenic environmental pollutant 1-nitropyrene. Following cDNA synthesis using RNA from each of the mutants, the hprt protein-coding region was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subjected to direct DNA sequence analysis. Sixteen primary mutations were found: seven were G:C----T:A transversions, five were G:C----A:T transitions, two were single basepair insertions, one was a single basepair deletion, and one was a complex mutation involving substitutions at two A:T basepairs. The simple basepair substitution mutations preferentially occurred with one or two purines 3' to the mutated dG, and mutations in exons 1-4 disproportionately occurred with the mutated dG on the nontranscribed DNA strand. In addition, 12 of the mutants produced one or more cDNA PCR products with partial or complete exon deletions. Seven mutants with multiple PCR products had point mutations in one of the products; exon deletions in the other product(s) removed these point mutations. A group of solvent control mutants had a different distribution of basepair substitution mutations and a lower proportion of cDNAs with exon deletions than that found for the 1-nitrosopyrene-induced mutants. The results indicate a specificity for the induction of mutations in the hprt gene of CHO cells by 1-nitrosopyrene with respect to both the types of mutations produced and their location in the hprt gene. Also, the elimination of point mutations in many of the cDNA PCR products with exon deletions suggests that mutations in the protein-coding sequence affect hprt mRNA processing. JF - Carcinogenesis AU - Newton, R K AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1992/05// PY - 1992 DA - May 1992 SP - 819 EP - 825 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0143-3334, 0143-3334 KW - Pyrenes KW - 0 KW - 1-nitrosopyrene KW - 86674-51-3 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - CHO Cells KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cricetinae KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Mutation -- genetics KW - DNA -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72940411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=DNA+sequence+analysis+of+1-nitrosopyrene-induced+mutations+in+the+hprt+gene+of+Chinese+hamster+ovary+cells.&rft.au=Newton%2C+R+K%3BMittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BManjanatha%2C+M+G%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=819&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Carcinogenesis&rft.issn=01433334&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-19 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro effects of the nephrotoxins ochratoxin A and citrinin upon biochemical function of porcine kidney. AN - 72936913; 1586208 AB - Ochratoxin A and citrinin are nephrotoxic mycotoxins found in a variety of foods and feeds. Before studying possible interactions between these two toxins, their individual biochemical effects were examined in vitro by using renal cortical explants derived from male swine of the Hormel-Hanford strain. The following measurements were performed: macromolecule biosynthesis (protein, RNA, and DNA), respiration (14CO2 from [14C]glucose), organic ion (tetraethyl ammonium acetate, i.e., TEA) transport, and membrane perturbation (protein leakage into medium). Levels of the toxins ranged from 0.001 to 1 mM. Ochratoxin A inhibited macromolecule biosynthesis at a lower concentration (0.001 mM) than did citrinin. Protein and DNA synthesis were particularly sensitive to ochratoxin A. Syntheses of protein and DNA were inhibited at ochratoxin A concentrations of 0.01 and 0.001 mM, respectively. RNA synthesis was less sensitive to the mycotoxin; it was inhibited only 60% at 1 mM, the highest concentration of ochratoxin A tested. Citrinin levels of 0.01 mM were required for inhibition of RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis. Inhibition by citrinin was approximately equal for all three classes of macromolecules. Citrinin was more effective than ochratoxin A in the inhibition of respiration and TEA transport; the minimum effective levels of citrinin were 1 and 0.01 mM, respectively. Serious membrane damage as evidenced by increased protein leakage was not caused by either toxin. Stimulation of respiration, perhaps reflective of uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, was produced by an ochratoxin A concentration of 1 mM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology AU - Braunberg, R C AU - Gantt, O AU - Barton, C AU - Friedman, L AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Beltsville, Maryland 20708. Y1 - 1992/05// PY - 1992 DA - May 1992 SP - 464 EP - 470 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 0090-4341, 0090-4341 KW - Nucleic Acids KW - 0 KW - Ochratoxins KW - Tetraethylammonium Compounds KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - Citrinin KW - 3S697X6SNZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Animals KW - Oxygen Consumption -- drug effects KW - Tetraethylammonium Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Nucleic Acids -- biosynthesis KW - Citrinin -- toxicity KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Ochratoxins -- toxicity KW - Kidney -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72936913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+effects+of+the+nephrotoxins+ochratoxin+A+and+citrinin+upon+biochemical+function+of+porcine+kidney.&rft.au=Braunberg%2C+R+C%3BGantt%2C+O%3BBarton%2C+C%3BFriedman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Braunberg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-05-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=464&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+contamination+and+toxicology&rft.issn=00904341&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-16 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - K562 leukemia cells express P2T (adenosine diphosphate) purinergic receptors. AN - 72933134; 1578375 AB - The P2T purinergic receptor for ADP has previously been found only in platelets. We investigated the effect of ADP on the concentration of intracellular free calcium ([Ca++]i) in fura-2-loaded K562 leukemia cells, a cell line with the potential for megakaryocytic differentiation. ADP causes a rapid and transient increase in [Ca++]i, which peaks within 5 to 10 sec. The EC50 for this response is 0.4 microM. A major portion of the increased calcium is due to mobilization of intracellular stores because the response to ADP is only partially reduced in the absence of extracellular calcium. Exposure to ADP desensitizes K562 cells to additional administrations of this nucleotide. Pretreatment of K562 cells with the protein kinase C activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate completely blocks the response to ADP. This effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate is prevented by the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine, but staurosporine does not affect the progression of desensitization after repeated ADP exposures. ATP does not increase [Ca++]i in K562 cells, but antagonizes the response to ADP. We propose that the P2T receptor for ADP in K562 cells is an early marker for megakaryocytic differentiation. Furthermore, this immortalized nucleated cell line may be a useful model to decipher the signal transduction pathways involved in the ADP response. JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Murgo, A J AU - Sistare, F D AD - Division of Research and Testing, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC. Y1 - 1992/05// PY - 1992 DA - May 1992 SP - 580 EP - 585 VL - 261 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Purinergic KW - Adenosine Diphosphate KW - 61D2G4IYVH KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Staurosporine KW - H88EPA0A3N KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Fura-2 KW - TSN3DL106G KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein Kinase C -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Fura-2 -- pharmacology KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Leukemia -- metabolism KW - Alkaloids -- pharmacology KW - Adenosine Diphosphate -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Purinergic -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72933134?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=K562+leukemia+cells+express+P2T+%28adenosine+diphosphate%29+purinergic+receptors.&rft.au=Murgo%2C+A+J%3BSistare%2C+F+D&rft.aulast=Murgo&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-05-01&rft.volume=261&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=580&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-05 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of chemically induced chromosome loss in a diploid, triploid, and tetraploid strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AN - 72922000; 1374531 AB - Triploid and tetraploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were constructed and the spontaneous loss during mitosis of one, two or three copies of chromosome VII was determined. In one strain, a triploid (VM2) in which expression of the recessive alleles can be observed only after loss of two copies of chromosome VII (3N-2), the spontaneous frequency of chromosome loss was lower than in the diploid D61.M. In another strain, a tetraploid (VM4) that also requires the loss of two copies of chromosome VII for observation (4N-2) of the recessive alleles, the spontaneous frequency was slightly higher than in the diploid D61.M. The spontaneous frequency of other genetic events (that is, mutation, recombination or chromosome breakage) were lower by 2-3 orders of magnitude than in the diploid strain D61.M. Induction of chromosome loss and other genetic events by nocodazole, ethyl acetate, hydroxyurea and ethyl methanesulfonate was determined in D61.M, VM2, and VM4, and the results were compared. Nocodazole and ethyl acetate induced chromosome loss in both the triploid and the tetraploid strains at lower concentrations than required in the diploid. These compounds also induced elevated frequencies of other genetic events in both the triploid and the tetraploid strains but not in the diploid. Hydroxyurea induced elevated frequencies of chromosome loss in the diploid and the tetraploid. Frequencies of chromosome loss in the triploid treated with hydroxyurea, although elevated, are based on observation of very few colonies of the correct phenotype. Ethyl methanesulfonate failed to induce chromosome loss in any of the three strains. Hydroxyurea and ethyl methanesulfonate did, however, induce very high frequencies of other genetic events. JF - Mutation research AU - Mayer, V W AU - Goin, C J AU - Arras, C A AU - Taylor-Mayer, R E AD - Genetic Toxicology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1992/05/01/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 May 01 SP - 41 EP - 48 VL - 279 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Acetates KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - ethyl acetate KW - 76845O8NMZ KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate KW - 9H154DI0UP KW - Nocodazole KW - SH1WY3R615 KW - Hydroxyurea KW - X6Q56QN5QC KW - Index Medicus KW - Nocodazole -- toxicity KW - Acetates -- toxicity KW - Hydroxyurea -- toxicity KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate -- toxicity KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - Polyploidy KW - Chromosomes, Fungal -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- drug effects KW - Diploidy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72922000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+chemically+induced+chromosome+loss+in+a+diploid%2C+triploid%2C+and+tetraploid+strain+of+Saccharomyces+cerevisiae.&rft.au=Mayer%2C+V+W%3BGoin%2C+C+J%3BArras%2C+C+A%3BTaylor-Mayer%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1992-05-01&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-09 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - UV mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium is umuDC dependent despite the presence of samAB. AN - 72902502; 1569012 AB - We investigated the role of the umuDC and samAB operons in the UV mutability of Salmonella typhimurium. umuDC is located on the chromosome, whereas samAB resides on the virulence plasmid pSLT. Using allele replacement and plasmid curing techniques, we found that UV mutability was eliminated when any of three different umuDC alleles (umuD1, umuC1, or umuD1 umuC1) were on the chromosome even when samAB was present. We conclude that samAB normally does not complement umuDC function in S. typhimurium. JF - Journal of bacteriology AU - Koch, W H AU - Cebula, T A AU - Foster, P L AU - Eisenstadt, E AD - Molecular Biology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204. Y1 - 1992/05// PY - 1992 DA - May 1992 SP - 2809 EP - 2815 VL - 174 IS - 9 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - samA KW - samb KW - umuC KW - umuD KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Alleles KW - Plasmids -- genetics KW - Operon -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Genetic Complementation Test KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Ultraviolet Rays -- adverse effects KW - Genes, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis -- genetics KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72902502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.atitle=UV+mutagenesis+in+Salmonella+typhimurium+is+umuDC+dependent+despite+the+presence+of+samAB.&rft.au=Koch%2C+W+H%3BCebula%2C+T+A%3BFoster%2C+P+L%3BEisenstadt%2C+E&rft.aulast=Koch&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-05-01&rft.volume=174&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-22 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - samA; samb; umuC; umuD N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 1987 Jun;169(6):2885-8 [3294811] Cell. 1981 Jul;25(1):1-2 [7023691] J Bacteriol. 1980 Aug;143(2):926-33 [6259126] Mol Gen Genet. 1982;186(1):140-4 [6287166] Microbiol Rev. 1984 Mar;48(1):60-93 [6371470] Photochem Photobiol. 1980 Dec;32(6):823-30 [6450424] J Bacteriol. 1981 Apr;146(1):170-8 [7012113] J Bacteriol. 1950 Jul;60(1):17-28 [15436457] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Mar;72(3):979-83 [165497] J Bacteriol. 1991 Nov;173(22):7084-91 [1657879] J Bacteriol. 1976 Oct;128(1):271-82 [789333] Mutat Res. 1992 Mar;281(3):221-5 [1371846] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 15;88(20):9112-6 [1717996] Annu Rev Biochem. 1991;60:477-511 [1883202] J Bacteriol. 1991 May;173(9):2906-14 [1902211] J Bacteriol. 1991 Nov;173(22):7345-50 [1938926] Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Sep 11;18(17):5045-50 [2129552] J Bacteriol. 1990 Sep;172(9):4964-78 [2144275] J Bacteriol. 1990 Sep;172(9):5266-77 [2203747] Mol Gen Genet. 1990 Nov;224(2):169-76 [2277636] J Bacteriol. 1989 Jan;171(1):538-46 [2644206] Microbiol Rev. 1988 Dec;52(4):485-532 [3070321] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(6):1806-10 [3126496] J Bacteriol. 1991 Sep;173(18):5604-11 [1885540] Mol Gen Genet. 1991 Sep;229(1):81-5 [1910151] J Bacteriol. 1991 Feb;173(3):1051-63 [1991707] J Bacteriol. 1990 Sep;172(9):4979-87 [2203737] Annu Rev Microbiol. 1990;44:365-94 [2252387] J Bacteriol. 1989 Jul;171(7):4083-4 [2661545] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jun;84(12):3987-91 [3108885] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(6):1816-20 [3279418] Mol Gen Genet. 1973 Aug 17;124(3):253-7 [4584944] J Biol Chem. 1981 Nov 25;256(22):11905-10 [6271763] Mol Gen Genet. 1980;180(1):147-55 [6449654] Biochimie. 1982 Aug-Sep;64(8-9):571-5 [6814503] J Cell Sci Suppl. 1987;6:303-21 [3308922] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analysis of FDA passive surveillance reports of seizures associated with consumption of aspartame. AN - 72901454; 1573143 AB - Aspartame, the methyl ester of the dipeptide formed from combining phenylalanine and aspartic acid, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in July 1981. FDA monitors complaints from consumers and health professionals through the Adverse Reaction Monitoring System, a passive surveillance program FDA has received 251 reports of seizures that have been linked to ingestion of aspartame by consumers. In most cases, information obtained from the complainants' medical records as well as data on consumption patterns, temporal relationships, and challenge tests did not support the claim that the occurrences of the seizures were linked to consumption of aspartame. JF - Journal of the American Dietetic Association AU - Tollefson, L AU - Barnard, R J AD - Clinical Nutrition Assessment Section, US Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1992/05// PY - 1992 DA - May 1992 SP - 598 EP - 601 VL - 92 IS - 5 SN - 0002-8223, 0002-8223 KW - Aspartame KW - Z0H242BBR1 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Child, Preschool KW - Seizures -- chemically induced KW - Aspartame -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72901454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Dietetic+Association&rft.atitle=An+analysis+of+FDA+passive+surveillance+reports+of+seizures+associated+with+consumption+of+aspartame.&rft.au=Tollefson%2C+L%3BBarnard%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Tollefson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=598&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Dietetic+Association&rft.issn=00028223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-04 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of ascorbic acid and curcumin on quercetin-induced nuclear DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and protein degradation. AN - 72925132; 1576592 AB - The effects of ascorbic acid and curcumin on quercetin-induced DNA damage, lipid peroxidation protein degradation were investigated in a model system of isolated rat-liver nuclei under aerobic conditions and in the presence of equimolar concentrations of iron or copper. Neither ascorbic acid nor curcumin inhibited quercetin-induced nuclear DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, or protein degradation. In fact, both antioxidants stimulated the oxidative damage to nuclear macromolecules. Ascorbic acid significantly increased the quercetin-induced nuclear DNA damage in the presence of either iron or copper. The increases in quercetin-induced nuclear lipid peroxidation and protein degradation by ascorbic acid were statistically significant only in the presence of iron or copper, respectively. Similarly, stimulation of quercetin-induced DNA damage and lipid peroxidation by curcumin was statistically significant only in the presence of copper or iron, respectively. Curcumin had no significant effect on nuclear protein degradation. These results demonstrate the pro-oxidant properties of ascorbic acid and curcumin, compounds that also demonstrate antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties. Ascorbic acid and curcumin may therefore each have a dual role in carcinogenesis. JF - Cancer letters AU - Sahu, S C AU - Washington, M C AD - Molecular Toxicology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1992/04/30/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Apr 30 SP - 237 EP - 241 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Lipid Peroxides KW - 0 KW - Proteins KW - Copper KW - 789U1901C5 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Quercetin KW - 9IKM0I5T1E KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Curcumin KW - IT942ZTH98 KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Liver -- ultrastructure KW - Animals KW - Iron -- pharmacology KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Cell Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Copper -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - DNA Damage KW - Quercetin -- toxicity KW - Lipid Peroxides -- metabolism KW - Ascorbic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - DNA -- drug effects KW - Curcumin -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72925132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Effect+of+ascorbic+acid+and+curcumin+on+quercetin-induced+nuclear+DNA+damage%2C+lipid+peroxidation+and+protein+degradation.&rft.au=Sahu%2C+S+C%3BWashington%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Sahu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-04-30&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-10 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Native American populations. AN - 85151387; pmid-1575801 JF - ASHA AU - Stewart, J L AD - Sensory Disabilities Program, Indian Health Service-Headquarters West, Albuquerque, New Mexico. PY - 1992 SP - 40 EP - 42 VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0001-2475, 0001-2475 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85151387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ASHA&rft.atitle=Native+American+populations.&rft.au=Stewart%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ASHA&rft.issn=00012475&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The classification of asbestos fibres by scanning electron microscopy and computer-digitizing tablet. AN - 73197990; 1326908 AB - Because of the need to completely and accurately size asbestos bulk samples for toxicity studies, a method was developed to classify asbestos fibres using enlarged micrographs originally produced on the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Individual fibre length and width measurements were performed on a computer-assisted, digitizing tablet. This method, though time consuming, permitted the sizing of all fibres (length and width) and particles (area) in selected fields of view at SEM magnifications of x100 and x2500. Final enlargement of the micrographs permitted sizing magnifications of x10,000. Seven distinct asbestos samples were classified including five chrysotile and two crocidolite samples. Statistical analyses showed good interfilter fibre size correlation for all types of asbestos. In addition, it was determined that a representative sizing of all fibres and non-fibrous particles on a filter preparation could be performed using five sets of micrographs taken at a magnification of x2500 and enlarged to x10,000: an inverse square root transformation (-0.5 power) is needed to normalize the distributions of length and width. JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - Platek, S F AU - Riley, R D AU - Simon, S D AD - Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 155 EP - 171 VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Asbestos, Serpentine KW - 0 KW - Asbestos, Crocidolite KW - 12001-28-4 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Crystallization KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Particle Size KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Asbestos -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73197990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=The+classification+of+asbestos+fibres+by+scanning+electron+microscopy+and+computer-digitizing+tablet.&rft.au=Platek%2C+S+F%3BRiley%2C+R+D%3BSimon%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Platek&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The derivation of estimated dust exposures for U.S. coal miners working before 1970. AN - 73191419; 1529917 AB - A number of reports on the prevalence of coal workers' pneumoconiosis in U.S. coal miners have been published, yet very little is known about the relationship between dust exposure and pneumoconiosis levels in the U.S. This report describes the derivation of cumulative dust exposure estimates by back-extrapolation of data processed by the Mine Safety and Health Administration after 1970 by using a ratio of dust concentrations based on information collected during environmental surveys at certain U.S. mines by the Bureau of Mines between 1968 and 1969. Cumulative personal dust exposure estimates were calculated by using occupational histories obtained from the miners and job-specific estimates of dust concentration. In other reports, the resulting estimated exposures have been shown to correlate well with various measures of respiratory morbidity. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association journal AU - Attfield, M D AU - Morring, K AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 248 EP - 255 VL - 53 IS - 4 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Coal KW - Dust KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Pneumoconiosis KW - Job Description KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Employment KW - Time Factors KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Coal Mining KW - Coal -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73191419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.atitle=The+derivation+of+estimated+dust+exposures+for+U.S.+coal+miners+working+before+1970.&rft.au=Attfield%2C+M+D%3BMorring%2C+K&rft.aulast=Attfield&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=248&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-16 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proliferation and morphological transformation of BALB/3T3 cells by a prolonged treatment with sodium orthovanadate. AN - 73076244; 1628866 AB - BALB/3T3 mouse embryo cells were used to study the effect of sodium orthovanadate on cell proliferation and morphological transformation. In the presence of the chemical (0.25-1.0 micrograms/ml), the cells continued to proliferate after the cultures were confluent. However, contact-inhibited growth was resumed after removal of the chemical from the culture medium. Continued exposure of the cells to the chemical for 4 wk led to the production of numerous foci consisting of morphologically transformed cells. In contrast, as in vitro transformation assay with a 48-hr treatment protocol followed by 4 wk of incubation without the chemical produced negative results. To test the stability of the transformed foci that were produced on prolonged exposure, we isolated 20 foci with distinctly transformed characteristics from treated cultures and grew them in medium without orthovanadate. 15 isolates gradually reverted to contact-inhibited growth and five maintained the transformed phenotype through ten serial subcultures. The results show that the majority of the transformed foci from the orthovanadate-treated culture failed to maintain transformed characteristics in the absence of the chemical. However, a small fraction of the foci appeared to be altered permanently and exhibited a transformed phenotype in the absence of the chemical. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Sheu, C W AU - Rodriguez, I AU - Lee, J K AD - Genetic Toxicology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 307 EP - 311 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Vanadates KW - 3WHH0066W5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Cell Division KW - 3T3 Cells -- drug effects KW - Vanadates -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73076244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Proliferation+and+morphological+transformation+of+BALB%2F3T3+cells+by+a+prolonged+treatment+with+sodium+orthovanadate.&rft.au=Sheu%2C+C+W%3BRodriguez%2C+I%3BLee%2C+J+K&rft.aulast=Sheu&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Study of the teratogenic potential of FD & C yellow No. 5 when given in drinking-water. AN - 73068812; 1628860 AB - FD & C Yellow No. 5 was available to pregnant Osborne-Mendel rats throughout gestation at dose levels of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 or 0.7% in solution in distilled drinking-water. Based on fluid consumption, the rats received 67.4, 131.8, 292.4, 567.9 and 1064.3 mg FD & C Yellow No. 5/kg body weight/day. Distilled water served as the control. No dose-related changes were seen in mean daily food consumption or maternal body-weight gain. Starting during the second trimester of gestation, fluid consumption was significantly greater in the rats given 0.7% FD & C Yellow No. 5 than in the controls. The females were killed on gestation day 20. No dose-related changes were seen in maternal clinical findings, implantations, foetal viability or foetal size (weight and length). No dose-related foetal terata were seen. Neither visceral development nor skeletal development (sternebral and other skeletal bones) was affected by the dye. The small numbers of statistically significant increases in skeletal variations in the 0.05 and 0.4% levels are considered random because they are not dose related. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Collins, T F AU - Black, T N AU - O'Donnell, M W AU - Bulhack, P AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 263 EP - 268 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Tartrazine KW - I753WB2F1M KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Drinking KW - Tartrazine -- administration & dosage KW - Tartrazine -- toxicity KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73068812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Study+of+the+teratogenic+potential+of+FD+%26amp%3B+C+yellow+No.+5+when+given+in+drinking-water.&rft.au=Collins%2C+T+F%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BO%27Donnell%2C+M+W%3BBulhack%2C+P&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of developmental defects at the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). AN - 73057100; 1626066 AB - Bioassay data from Teratology, Vol. 1 (1968) through Vol. 40 (1990), were utilized which were sufficient to establish no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL's) for 120 experiments on 93 developmental toxicants in animals. The observed incidence (risk) at the NOAEL was calculated as the proportion of affected fetuses minus the proportion affected in the control animals. This calculation did not require any dose-response modeling. Data were primarily from experiments on rats and mice with a few studies on rabbits and hamsters. There did not appear to be differences in risks at the NOAEL among these four species. For each experiment, the risk at the NOAEL was tabulated for all of the adverse effects which shared the same NOAEL. Since the observed risk at the NOAEL for either dead/resorbed or abnormal fetuses exceeded 1% in about one-fourth of the cases, this suggests that a benchmark dose with a risk on this order would eliminate the higher risks and serve as a basis for establishing reference doses. If the lower confidence limit on a benchmark dose is used in place of the NOAEL, better experimental designs with more animals would result in tighter confidence limits, giving larger (less stringent) reference doses than poorer experiments. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Gaylor, D W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 151 EP - 160 VL - 15 IS - 2 Pt 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Fetal Resorption -- chemically induced KW - Rabbits KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Cricetinae KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73057100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+developmental+defects+at+the+no+observed+adverse+effect+level+%28NOAEL%29.&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2+Pt+1&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-07 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pneumoconioses in the United States: highlights of surveillance data from NIOSH and other federal sources. AN - 73026548; 1615358 JF - Occupational medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) AU - Althouse, R B AU - Castellan, R M AU - Wagner, G R AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505. PY - 1992 SP - 197 EP - 208 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 0885-114X, 0885-114X KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Patient Discharge KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Cause of Death KW - Population Surveillance KW - Pneumoconiosis -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73026548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.atitle=Pneumoconioses+in+the+United+States%3A+highlights+of+surveillance+data+from+NIOSH+and+other+federal+sources.&rft.au=Althouse%2C+R+B%3BCastellan%2C+R+M%3BWagner%2C+G+R&rft.aulast=Althouse&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+medicine+%28Philadelphia%2C+Pa.%29&rft.issn=0885114X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-28 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism of phenanthrene by the marine cyanobacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum PR-6. AN - 72992144; 1599252 AB - Under photoautotrophic growth conditions, the marine cyanobacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum PR-6 metabolized phenanthrene to form trans-9,10-dihydroxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol) and 1-methoxyphenanthrene as the major ethyl acetate-extractable metabolites. Small amounts of phenanthrols were also formed. The metabolites were purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography and identified from their UV, infrared, mass, and proton magnetic resonance spectral properties. A. quadruplicatum PR-6 formed phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol with a 22% enantiomeric excess of the (-)-9S,10S-enantiomer. Incorporation experiments with 18O2 showed that one atom of oxygen from O2 was incorporated into the dihydrodiol. Toxicity studies, using an algal lawn bioassay, indicated that 9-phenanthrol and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone inhibit the growth of A. quadruplicatum PR-6. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Narro, M L AU - Cerniglia, C E AU - Van Baalen, C AU - Gibson, D T AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 1351 EP - 1359 VL - 58 IS - 4 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Phenanthrenes KW - 0 KW - phenanthrene KW - 448J8E5BST KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Oxygen -- chemistry KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Phenanthrenes -- metabolism KW - Cyanobacteria -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72992144?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Metabolism+of+phenanthrene+by+the+marine+cyanobacterium+Agmenellum+quadruplicatum+PR-6.&rft.au=Narro%2C+M+L%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E%3BVan+Baalen%2C+C%3BGibson%2C+D+T&rft.aulast=Narro&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-07 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Jun;55(6):1391-9 [16347932] Tetrahedron Lett. 1968 Oct;(50):5271-4 [5696382] Arch Mikrobiol. 1957;25(4):392-428 [13403656] Biochem J. 1950 Jun-Jul;47(1):64-9 [14791307] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1991 Nov;57(11):3310-6 [1781688] Arch Microbiol. 1990;154(3):260-6 [2222121] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Sep;55(9):2275-9 [2802607] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Jan;55(1):154-8 [2705768] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989 May;42(5):778-84 [2743009] Histochem J. 1986 Oct;18(10):557-64 [3804792] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Jan;47(1):119-24 [6696409] Comp Biochem Physiol C. 1981;70(1):21-6 [6117407] Pharmacol Rev. 1982 Jun;34(2):189-222 [6287505] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1983 Sep-Oct;3(5):353-8 [6357921] Arch Microbiol. 1981 Dec;130(4):272-5 [6800332] Arch Microbiol. 1980 Apr;125(3):203-7 [6769418] Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1980;20:513-31 [6992704] Mol Pharmacol. 1981 Jan;19(1):168-78 [7207460] Anal Biochem. 1980 Feb;102(1):63-7 [7356165] Mutat Res. 1979 Apr;66(4):337-48 [379629] J Biol Chem. 1977 Sep 25;252(18):6328-34 [893410] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1979 May 14;88(1):50-8 [110329] Biochem Pharmacol. 1978;27(14):1865-71 [708468] J Am Chem Soc. 1976 Sep 15;98(19):5988-96 [965633] Arch Biochem Biophys. 1974 Apr 2;161(2):551-8 [4209136] Experientia. 1972 Oct 15;28(10):1129-49 [4117670] Biochemistry. 1975 May 6;14(9):2024-31 [1125208] Biochem Pharmacol. 1970 Jan;19(1):299-303 [5507644] Biochem J. 1965 Jun;95:819-31 [14342521] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Propafenone associated agranulocytosis. AN - 72950660; 1374882 AB - Propafenone hydrochloride was approved for marketing by the United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in November 1989. During U.S. clinical trials of propafenone, one case of agranulocytosis was seen. Seven additional cases have been reported outside the U.S. One German report of profound but reversible granulocytopenia appeared in 1982. In January 1991, the FDA reviewed adverse events reported with propafenone. Four reports of agranulocytosis were identified and are described. The reporting rate of approximately one case of agranulocytosis per 10,000 propafenone prescriptions per year likely underestimates the true incidence of this adverse event. JF - Pacing and clinical electrophysiology : PACE AU - Miwa, L J AU - Jolson, H M AD - Epidemiology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 387 EP - 390 VL - 15 IS - 4 Pt 1 SN - 0147-8389, 0147-8389 KW - Propafenone KW - 68IQX3T69U KW - Index Medicus KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Propafenone -- adverse effects KW - Agranulocytosis -- chemically induced KW - Agranulocytosis -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72950660?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacing+and+clinical+electrophysiology+%3A+PACE&rft.atitle=Propafenone+associated+agranulocytosis.&rft.au=Miwa%2C+L+J%3BJolson%2C+H+M&rft.aulast=Miwa&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4+Pt+1&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pacing+and+clinical+electrophysiology+%3A+PACE&rft.issn=01478389&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-12 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of exposure to carbon disulphide on low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and diastolic blood pressure. AN - 72911810; 1571299 AB - The relation of carbon disulphide (CS2) exposure to risk factors for ischaemic heart disease was recently examined using data from a 1979 cross sectional study of 410 male textile workers, of whom 165 were exposed and 245 were unexposed to CS2. Average eight hour CS2 exposure concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 11.8 ppm by job title category among the exposed workers. A significant and positive linear trend in low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration (LDLc) and diastolic blood pressure with increasing CS2 exposure was found after adjustment for potential confounders. When exposure was examined as a categorical variable (none, low, moderate, and high), the high exposure group had an adjusted mean LDLc that was 0.32 mmol/l greater than the non-exposed group (p = 0.02), and an adjusted mean diastolic blood pressure that was 3.16 mm Hg greater than the non-exposed group (p = 0.09). The effect of CS2 on diastolic blood pressure was strengthened in analyses limited to exposed workers: the high exposure group had an adjusted mean diastolic blood pressure that was 5 mm Hg greater than that of the low exposed group (p = 0.03). Triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting glucose concentration, and systolic blood pressure were not affected by exposure. Blood lead concentration was positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The results indicate that relatively modest exposure to CS2 may raise LDLc concentration and diastolic blood pressure and suggest mechanisms by which exposure to CS2 may influence risk of ischaemic heart disease. Also the results provide further support for the hypothesis of a possible association between blood lead concentration and blood pressure. JF - British journal of industrial medicine AU - Egeland, G M AU - Burkhart, G A AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Hornung, R W AU - Fajen, J M AU - Lee, S T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Industrywide Studies Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 287 EP - 293 VL - 49 IS - 4 SN - 0007-1072, 0007-1072 KW - Cholesterol, LDL KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Carbon Disulfide KW - S54S8B99E8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Coronary Disease -- chemically induced KW - Adult KW - Diastole KW - Male KW - Lead -- blood KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Cholesterol, LDL -- blood KW - Carbon Disulfide -- adverse effects KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Textile Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72911810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Effects+of+exposure+to+carbon+disulphide+on+low+density+lipoprotein+cholesterol+concentration+and+diastolic+blood+pressure.&rft.au=Egeland%2C+G+M%3BBurkhart%2C+G+A%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M%3BHornung%2C+R+W%3BFajen%2C+J+M%3BLee%2C+S+T&rft.aulast=Egeland&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=British+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=00071072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-04 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1959 Aug;20(4):303-23 [13670109] Br Med J. 1968 Nov 16;4(5628):407-11 [5687604] JAMA. 1990 Dec 19;264(23):3007-12 [2243428] N Engl J Med. 1990 Nov 8;323(19):1289-98 [2215615] Environ Health Perspect. 1988 Jun;78:15-22 [3203634] Environ Health Perspect. 1988 Jun;78:9-13 [3203651] J Occup Med. 1988 Sep;30(9):698-705 [3183786] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1984;13(3):205-16 [6386341] JAMA. 1987 Jun 19;257(23):3233-40 [3295315] Am J Epidemiol. 1986 May;123(5):800-8 [3485920] Hypertension. 1987 Oct;10(4):447-51 [3653974] Br J Ind Med. 1987 Apr;44(4):220-7 [3567096] Br J Ind Med. 1985 Jan;42(1):32-5 [3965012] Am J Epidemiol. 1990 Jan;131(1):32-47 [2293751] Neurotoxicology. 1983 Spring;4(1):53-65 [6683827] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1982;51(1):55-63 [7152702] Circulation. 1984 Feb;69(2):313-24 [6360414] Br J Ind Med. 1984 Aug;41(3):296-304 [6611171] Neurotoxicology. 1983 Spring;4(1):67-77 [6683828] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1981;7 Suppl 4:20-7 [6977181] Ind Health. 1981;19(1):15-29 [7216838] Am J Physiol. 1980 Jul;239(1):H22-30 [7396014] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1979 Jun;5(2):109-14 [472681] Br J Ind Med. 1970 Oct;27(4):313-25 [5488690] Clin Chem. 1972 Jun;18(6):499-502 [4337382] Br J Ind Med. 1975 Feb;32(1):1-10 [1125123] Med Lav. 1971 Aug-Sep;62(8):398-403 [5146202] Br J Pharmacol. 1970 May;39(1):26-33 [5420143] JAMA. 1990 Dec 19;264(23):3013-7 [2243429] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biologic markers in hospital workers exposed to low levels of ethylene oxide. AN - 72903980; 1373860 AB - Operators of hospital sterilizers that use ethylene oxide were studied to determine if there was a relationship between exposure and a battery of biological markers. A total of 73 workers from nine hospitals in the United States (U.S.) and one hospital in Mexico City was evaluated for ethylene oxide exposure during four months prior to collection of peripheral blood. The frequency of hemoglobin adducts (p = 0.0006) and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) (p = 0.002) increased with cumulative exposure to ethylene oxide in U.S. subjects when controlling by regression analysis for various confounding factors, including cigarette smoking. Hemoglobin adducts, but not SCEs, were also increased in Mexican subjects (p = 0.0012). Chromosomal micronuclei showed no consistent relationship with exposure. The U.S. study participants were classified by four-month cumulative exposure levels of 10 ppm-h (n = 8), greater than 0 to 32 ppm-h (n = 32) and greater than 32 ppm-h (n = 11) of ethylene oxide exposure. The group with an exposure of greater than 32 ppm-h had an increased frequency of hemoglobin adducts (p = 0.002) and SCEs (p = 0.0001) compared to the nonexposed group. The estimated mean of the 8-h time-weighted average (8-h TWA) exposure levels for the highest U.S. exposure group (greater than 32 ppm-h) was 0.16 +/- 0.007 ppm (mean +/- SD). A similar exposure-related differential was observed in the Mexican subjects for hemoglobin adducts (p = 0.04) but not for SCEs. The latter finding may have been due to longer shipping times for the specimens in the cytogenetic assays. The estimated mean of the 8-h TWA exposure levels for the highest Mexican exposure group (greater than 32 ppm-h) was 0.48 +/- 0.08 ppm. This study is the third to suggest that exposures less than the U.S. OSHA standard of 1 ppm 8-h TWA result in biochemical and biologic changes. It is not known whether these changes may be indicative of increased risk of disease; however, they do appear to reflect exposure to relatively low levels of ethylene oxide. The exact meaning of these changes is unknown. JF - Mutation research AU - Schulte, P A AU - Boeniger, M AU - Walker, J T AU - Schober, S E AU - Pereira, M A AU - Gulati, D K AU - Wojciechowski, J P AU - Garza, A AU - Froelich, R AU - Strauss, G AD - Industrywide Studies Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 237 EP - 251 VL - 278 IS - 4 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Ethylene Oxide KW - JJH7GNN18P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Regression Analysis KW - Mexico KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Personnel, Hospital KW - Ethylene Oxide -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72903980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Biologic+markers+in+hospital+workers+exposed+to+low+levels+of+ethylene+oxide.&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BBoeniger%2C+M%3BWalker%2C+J+T%3BSchober%2C+S+E%3BPereira%2C+M+A%3BGulati%2C+D+K%3BWojciechowski%2C+J+P%3BGarza%2C+A%3BFroelich%2C+R%3BStrauss%2C+G&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=278&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-22 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Opportunities for integration of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicokinetics in rational drug development. AN - 72899510; 1563216 JF - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Peck, C C AU - Barr, W H AU - Benet, L Z AU - Collins, J AU - Desjardins, R E AU - Furst, D E AU - Harter, J G AU - Levy, G AU - Ludden, T AU - Rodman, J H Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 465 EP - 473 VL - 51 IS - 4 KW - Drugs, Investigational KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Drugs, Investigational -- pharmacokinetics KW - Drugs, Investigational -- pharmacology KW - Drug Evaluation -- methods KW - Drugs, Investigational -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72899510?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Opportunities+for+integration+of+pharmacokinetics%2C+pharmacodynamics%2C+and+toxicokinetics+in+rational+drug+development.&rft.au=Peck%2C+C+C%3BBarr%2C+W+H%3BBenet%2C+L+Z%3BCollins%2C+J%3BDesjardins%2C+R+E%3BFurst%2C+D+E%3BHarter%2C+J+G%3BLevy%2C+G%3BLudden%2C+T%3BRodman%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Peck&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=00099236&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-21 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A further evaluation of the effects of K+ depolarization on glutamate-evoked [3H]dopamine release from striatal slices. AN - 72885909; 1348539 AB - Exogenous glutamate will evoke dopamine (DA) release from striatal slices in vitro. To further characterize glutamate-evoked DA release from striatal slices, experiments were designed to: 1) determine if sufficient endogenous glutamate can be released in vitro to presynaptically mediate [3H]DA release in the absence of Mg++ and 2) reevaluate how K+ depolarization affects glutamate-evoked [3H]DA release. Removal of Mg++ to potentiate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated DA release increased 15 mM K(+)-evoked [3H]DA release to about 200% of control. The potentiation of this release was probably not mediated by NMDA receptors because it was not blocked by the glutamate receptor antagonists MK-801, 6,7-dinitroquinoxalinedione (DNQX) or kynurenate. Furthermore, the removal of Mg++ increased DA release substantially (200%) in the presence of 5 microM sulpiride and 10 microM nomifensine, indicating that DA reuptake and DA D2 autoreceptors are not primarily responsible for increased DA release. In the absence of Mg++, depolarization produced by 20 mM or greater [K+] inhibited DA released by exogenous glutamate, whereas a much higher [K+] was necessary to evoke endogenous glutamate release. In the presence of 1.5 mM Mg++, a reduction of the "Mg++ blockade" of NMDA receptors by 15 mM K+ depolarization during glutamate-evoked DA release was evaluated with and without the DA reuptake inhibitor nomifensine and the DA D2 antagonist sulpiride. DA released by K+ depolarization (Mg++ present) was markedly increased by 1 mM glutamate, but this effect was only partially reversed by kynurenate or high concentrations of either MK-801 (25 microM) or DNQX (100 microM).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Newport, G D AU - Lipe, G W AU - Frame, L T AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas. Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 72 EP - 80 VL - 261 IS - 1 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Glutamates KW - Quinoxalines KW - Receptors, Glutamate KW - Receptors, Neurotransmitter KW - Glutamic Acid KW - 3KX376GY7L KW - FG 9041 KW - 62T278S1MX KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - Kynurenic Acid KW - H030S2S85J KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Culture Techniques KW - Receptors, Neurotransmitter -- drug effects KW - Kynurenic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Quinoxalines -- pharmacology KW - Female KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- pharmacology KW - Glutamates -- pharmacology KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Potassium -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72885909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=A+further+evaluation+of+the+effects+of+K%2B+depolarization+on+glutamate-evoked+%5B3H%5Ddopamine+release+from+striatal+slices.&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BLipe%2C+G+W%3BFrame%2C+L+T&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=261&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatic and gastrointestinal effects in an occupational cohort exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin. AN - 72878568; 1348289 AB - To examine the effect of occupational exposure to substances contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) on the liver and gastrointestinal system. A medical survey. The exposed participants were employed at two chemical plants more than 15 years earlier in the manufacture of sodium trichlorophenol and its derivatives. The reference group consisted of individuals with no occupational exposure to phenoxy herbicides and who lived within the communities of the workers. A total of 281 workers and 260 unexposed referents participated in the medical study. The workers had substantial exposure to substances contaminated with TCDD, as evidenced by a mean serum TCDD level, lipid adjusted, of 220 pg per gram of lipid compared with a mean of 7 pg per gram of lipid in the referents. Compared with the unexposed reference group, workers had a statistically significantly elevated risk for an out-of-range gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) level (odds ratio, 2.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 4.39 [unadjusted for confounders]). In multivariate analyses run with logistic regression, a statistically significant interaction was found between TCDD exposure and lifetime alcohol consumption, indicating that the elevated risk for an out-of-range GGT was confined to those workers with a history of alcohol consumption and that the risk among the alcohol-consuming workers for an out-of-range GGT increased with increasing TCDD level. No difference was found between workers and referents for any of the other liver and gastrointestinal outcomes of interest. This study found no evidence of an elevated risk for clinical hepatic or gastrointestinal disease in a group of workers with high exposure to TCDD. However, TCDD-exposed workers with a history of sufficient alcohol consumption were found to have a statistically significantly elevated risk for an out-of-range GGT compared with referents. JF - JAMA AU - Calvert, G M AU - Hornung, R W AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Fingerhut, M A AU - Halperin, W E AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226. PY - 1992 SP - 2209 EP - 2214 VL - 267 IS - 16 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.2.2 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Missouri -- epidemiology KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Odds Ratio KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - gamma-Glutamyltransferase -- blood KW - Liver Diseases -- blood KW - Occupational Diseases -- blood KW - Liver Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- blood KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72878568?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Hepatic+and+gastrointestinal+effects+in+an+occupational+cohort+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin.&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BHornung%2C+R+W%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BFingerhut%2C+M+A%3BHalperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=267&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=2209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-04 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced generation of free radicals from phagocytes induced by mineral dusts. AN - 72857595; 1312851 AB - Several studies have suggested that pulmonary toxicity to asbestos and silica may be mediated through oxidant-induced cell injury. We have reported recently that surface radicals associated with freshly fractured silica may be an important factor in cell injury and induction of pulmonary disease. Although the generation of oxygenated radicals in dust-cell interactions has been demonstrated, there are no data correlating the toxicity of a dust with the level of oxygen radical generation by the dust during its interaction with phagocytic cells. In the present study, we have investigated the in vitro generation of oxygen free radicals from human neutrophils and rat alveolar macrophages stimulated with freshly fractured silica, aged silica, amosite, crocidolite, chrysotile, and nontoxic dust, barite. Electron spin resonance (ESR) with the aid of a spin trap phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone (PBN) was used to measure the oxygen radicals generated during phagocytosis of the dusts. The relative toxicity index and ESR peak heights, on an equal surface area basis and normalized to barite as one, showed a direct relationship. The normalized toxicity indices and peak heights were: silica, 3.5 versus 2; chrysotile, 4 versus 2; crocidolite, 11 versus 8; and amosite, 26 versus 13. Addition of hydroxyl radical scavengers such as catalase, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3 dimethyl-2-thiourea (DMTU), sodium benzoate, and mannitol prevented the radical generation. Carmustine, a glutathione reductase-glutathione peroxidase inhibitor, caused a 5-fold increase in the radical generation. These results indicate that a nontoxic dust such as barite generates toxic oxygen radicals at a minimal level that can be quenched by the normal cellular defense system. For toxic dusts such as silica, amosite, chrysotile, and crocidolite, the potential for oxygen radical generation is enhanced by their surface properties, physical dimensions, and the surface-based radical-generating redox sites. The enhanced radical generation may impair the cellular defense system, resulting in cell injury. Use of scavengers, chelators, and potentiating agents suggests the membrane-based oxidase system as the probable primary source of the radical-generating system. The data presented herein suggest the generation of oxygen free radicals as an important primary event in silica- as well as asbestos-induced cell injury. JF - American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Mega, J F AU - Shi, X AU - Dalal, N S AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 404 EP - 413 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1044-1549, 1044-1549 KW - Asbestos, Serpentine KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Free Radicals KW - Asbestos, Crocidolite KW - 12001-28-4 KW - Asbestos, Amosite KW - 12172-73-5 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Barium Sulfate KW - 25BB7EKE2E KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Silicon Dioxide -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Barium Sulfate -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Iron -- metabolism KW - Cell Survival KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Neutrophils -- drug effects KW - Phagocytosis -- physiology KW - Neutrophils -- cytology KW - Asbestos -- pharmacology KW - Neutrophils -- physiology KW - Phagocytosis -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- physiology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- cytology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72857595?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Enhanced+generation+of+free+radicals+from+phagocytes+induced+by+mineral+dusts.&rft.au=Vallyathan%2C+V%3BMega%2C+J+F%3BShi%2C+X%3BDalal%2C+N+S&rft.aulast=Vallyathan&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=404&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=10441549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-24 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Embryotoxicity of phenytoin in adrenalectomized CD-1 mice. AN - 72856350; 1549630 AB - It has been proposed that the anticonvulsant drug phenytoin (PHT) and glucocorticoids induce orofacial clefting by the same mechanism. Previous work had demonstrated that PHT treatment significantly increased endogenous maternal corticosterone concentrations for approximately 48 hr after dosing in A/J mice. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether PHT is embryotoxic in the absence of endogenous maternal glucocorticoids. Maternal adrenal glands were removed on Day 7 of gestation, and the incidence of clefting after PHT treatment was determined. There was a high level of maternal toxicity following adrenalectomy (ADX) and PHT treatment at either 60 or 75 mg/kg. This increased toxicity did not appear to be due to altered maternal drug levels in ADX mice. There was a significant increase in the clefting incidence among offspring of ADX dams treated with PHT at 60 mg/kg. This dose of PHT did not elevate maternal corticosterone levels in ADX dams. These data suggest that PHT is capable of producing clefts in the absence of endogenous maternal corticosterone. JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) AU - Hansen, D K AU - Branham, W S AU - Sheehan, D M AU - Holson, R R AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079-9502. Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 501 EP - 508 VL - 199 IS - 4 SN - 0037-9727, 0037-9727 KW - Phenytoin KW - 6158TKW0C5 KW - Corticosterone KW - W980KJ009P KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Corticosterone -- blood KW - Fetal Resorption -- chemically induced KW - Mice KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Cleft Palate -- chemically induced KW - Phenytoin -- toxicity KW - Phenytoin -- blood KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Adrenalectomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72856350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Embryotoxicity+of+phenytoin+in+adrenalectomized+CD-1+mice.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+D+K%3BBranham%2C+W+S%3BSheehan%2C+D+M%3BHolson%2C+R+R&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=199&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine.+Society+for+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=00379727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-21 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Brucella abortus is less toxic than that from Escherichia coli, suggesting the possible use of B. abortus or LPS from B. abortus as a carrier in vaccines. AN - 72855208; 1548064 AB - Brucella abortus may be useful as a component of vaccines. This is because it possesses several unique properties as a carrier that enable it to stimulate human B cells even in the relative absence of T cells. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteins conjugated to B. abortus could induce neutralizing antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Recently we showed that the characteristics of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from B. abortus are similar to those of the whole bacterium in that the LPS acts as a T-independent type 1 carrier in mice. In this study we wanted to determine whether LPS derived from B. abortus is associated with the adverse effects seen with other bacterial endotoxins. LPS purified from B. abortus by butanol extraction was shown to have less than 2% (wt/wt) contamination by protein and less than 1% (wt/wt) contamination by nucleic acids and to contain 1% (wt/wt) ketodeoxyoctanic acid. Compared with LPS derived from Escherichia coli, B. abortus LPS was 10,000-fold less potent in eliciting fever in rabbits, 268-fold less potent in killing D-galactosamine-sensitized mice, and 1,400-fold and 400-fold less potent in inducing interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha production, respectively. These results suggest that B. abortus LPS is much less likely than the LPS from E. coli to evoke endotoxic shock; therefore, it may be feasible to incorporate B. abortus as a component of vaccines. JF - Infection and immunity AU - Goldstein, J AU - Hoffman, T AU - Frasch, C AU - Lizzio, E F AU - Beining, P R AU - Hochstein, D AU - Lee, Y L AU - Angus, R D AU - Golding, B AD - Laboratory of Cell Biology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 SP - 1385 EP - 1389 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Endotoxins KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Interleukin-1 -- biosynthesis KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Humans KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- biosynthesis KW - Rabbits KW - Mice KW - Endotoxins -- analysis KW - Escherichia coli KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- toxicity KW - Brucella abortus KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72855208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+immunity&rft.atitle=Lipopolysaccharide+%28LPS%29+from+Brucella+abortus+is+less+toxic+than+that+from+Escherichia+coli%2C+suggesting+the+possible+use+of+B.+abortus+or+LPS+from+B.+abortus+as+a+carrier+in+vaccines.&rft.au=Goldstein%2C+J%3BHoffman%2C+T%3BFrasch%2C+C%3BLizzio%2C+E+F%3BBeining%2C+P+R%3BHochstein%2C+D%3BLee%2C+Y+L%3BAngus%2C+R+D%3BGolding%2C+B&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Immunol. 1984 Dec;133(6):2966-71 [6436369] J Immunol. 1981 Jul;127(1):220-4 [6165766] J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265-75 [14907713] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Nov;76(11):5939-43 [293694] J Biol Chem. 1975 Apr 25;250(8):2911-19 [804483] J Clin Apher. 1991;6(1):48-53 [1646202] Infect Immun. 1989 Sep;57(9):2820-8 [2474504] Crit Rev Microbiol. 1989;16(6):477-523 [2663021] Immunol Today. 1988 Jan;9(1):28-31 [3076757] J Biol Chem. 1972 Jun 25;247(12):3973-86 [4624447] Anal Biochem. 1982 Jan 1;119(1):115-9 [6176137] Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A. 1983 Feb;253(4):544-53 [6407237] Infect Immun. 1984 Nov;46(2):384-8 [6437981] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1963 Sep;50:499-506 [14067096] J Bacteriol. 1979 May;138(2):361-9 [108257] Adv Exp Med Biol. 1991;303:227-33 [1805568] Am J Vet Res. 1989 Mar;50(3):311-7 [2494911] FASEB J. 1988 Feb;2(2):108-15 [3277884] J Biol Chem. 1959 Apr;234(4):705-9 [13654246] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clustering of adverse drug events: analysis of risk factors for cerebellar toxicity with high-dose cytarabine. AN - 72842080; 1545440 AB - Cerebellar toxicity is a severe, therapy-limiting adverse reaction of cytarabine given in high doses. The Food and Drug Administration received a report of an increased frequency of cerebellar toxicity at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics after a switch from the product (Cytosar-U) manufactured by The Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Mich., to the generic form made by Quad Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Indianapolis, Ind. To compare the incidence of cerebellar toxicity in Quad-treated patients with Upjohn-treated patients, a record-based cohort study was conducted at the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics between January 1986 and August 1989. The incidence of cerebellar toxicity was studied in 63 leukemia patients according to the manufacturer of the product received (34 Upjohn only, 25 Quad only, and four both manufacturers). The relative risk of cerebellar toxicity was adjusted for other known risk factors. Patients in the manufacturer-defined treatment groups did not differ significantly with respect to age, sex, type of leukemia, disease stage, calculated creatinine clearance, presence of abnormal liver function tests, or total dose received. The crude relative risk of cerebellar toxicity comparing the Quad product with the Upjohn product was 5.0 (95% confidence interval = 1.8-13.7). Adjustment for potential confounders did not alter the association. Other risk factors for cerebellar toxicity, independent of manufacturer, were age greater than 50 years, type of leukemia, disease stage, total dose greater than or equal to 20 g/m2, abnormal pretreatment liver function, and reduced creatinine clearance. This study found a significantly higher incidence of cerebellar toxicity with high-dose cytarabine manufactured by Quad Pharmaceuticals when compared with the incidence of cerebellar toxicity with the Upjohn product. Further research at independent institutions would be necessary to allow generalization of this finding. In addition, our findings suggest that a dose reduction in high-dose cytarabine therapy may be indicated for patients with reduced glomerular filtration rates. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Jolson, H M AU - Bosco, L AU - Bufton, M G AU - Gerstman, B B AU - Rinsler, S S AU - Williams, E AU - Flynn, B AU - Simmons, W D AU - Stadel, B V AU - Faich, G A AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md 20857. Y1 - 1992/04/01/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Apr 01 SP - 500 EP - 505 VL - 84 IS - 7 SN - 0027-8874, 0027-8874 KW - Cytarabine KW - 04079A1RDZ KW - Creatinine KW - AYI8EX34EU KW - Index Medicus KW - Creatinine -- urine KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute -- urine KW - Cerebellar Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Cerebellum -- drug effects KW - Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma -- urine KW - Cytarabine -- adverse effects KW - Cytarabine -- administration & dosage KW - Cerebellar Diseases -- urine KW - Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma -- drug therapy KW - Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72842080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Clustering+of+adverse+drug+events%3A+analysis+of+risk+factors+for+cerebellar+toxicity+with+high-dose+cytarabine.&rft.au=Jolson%2C+H+M%3BBosco%2C+L%3BBufton%2C+M+G%3BGerstman%2C+B+B%3BRinsler%2C+S+S%3BWilliams%2C+E%3BFlynn%2C+B%3BSimmons%2C+W+D%3BStadel%2C+B+V%3BFaich%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Jolson&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=500&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=00278874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The third National Injury Control Conference: Setting the national agenda for injury control in the 1990s AN - 59600851; 1992-0810416 AB - Papers from seven panels presented at the conference, organized jointly by the US Centers for Disease Control and other agencies, held in Denver, Colorado, Apr. 22-25, 1991. Motor vehicle, violence, home and leisure, and occupational injury prevention, trauma care systems, acute care treatment, and rehabilitation. JF - Atlanta, GA 30333, April 1992. xvii+530 pp. Y1 - 1992/04// PY - 1992 DA - April 1992 EP - xvii+530 PB - Atlanta, GA 30333 KW - Rehabilitation -- United States KW - Emergency medical services -- United States KW - Violence -- United States KW - Personal injuries -- United States KW - Accidents -- Prevention KW - Traffic safety -- United States KW - Accidents, Home -- Prevention KW - United States -- Social policy KW - Industrial safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59600851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=xvii%2B530&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=The+third+National+Injury+Control+Conference%3A+Setting+the+national+agenda+for+injury+control+in+the+1990s&rft.title=The+third+National+Injury+Control+Conference%3A+Setting+the+national+agenda+for+injury+control+in+the+1990s&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Atlanta, GA 30333 pa N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Creative learning: an evaluation of the development and implementation of a self-directed program in environmental medicine for health professionals concerned about hazardous substance exposure. AN - 72958841; 1589654 JF - Journal of UOEH AU - Lum, M AD - U.S. Public Health Service, Division of Health Education, Atlanta, Georgia. Y1 - 1992/03/20/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Mar 20 SP - 407 EP - 416 VL - 14 Suppl SN - 0387-821X, 0387-821X KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Health Personnel -- education KW - Learning KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Health KW - Programmed Instruction as Topic KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72958841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+UOEH&rft.atitle=Creative+learning%3A+an+evaluation+of+the+development+and+implementation+of+a+self-directed+program+in+environmental+medicine+for+health+professionals+concerned+about+hazardous+substance+exposure.&rft.au=Lum%2C+M&rft.aulast=Lum&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-03-20&rft.volume=14+Suppl&rft.issue=&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+UOEH&rft.issn=0387821X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-23 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative carcinogenicity of 4-aminobiphenyl and the food pyrolysates, Glu-P-1, IQ, PhIP, and MeIQx in the neonatal B6C3F1 male mouse. AN - 72980879; 1596864 AB - The tumorigenic activities of four representative heterocyclic amine food pyrolysates, 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), were assessed in the neonatal male B6C3F1 mouse and were compared with that of the potent human carcinogen, 4-amino-biphenyl (4-ABP). These aromatic amines were administered by i.p. injection at two dose levels on days 1, 8, and 15 after birth; and the incidence of tumors was examined at 8 and 12 months. Glu-P-1, IQ, PhIP, MeIQx, and 4-ABP each induced a significant incidence of hepatic adenomas, as compared to the solvent-treated (DMSO) control. Hepatocellular carcinomas were also observed with 4-ABP, SO, and MeIQx. Overall tumorigenicity was in the order: 4-ABP greater than Glu-P-1 greater than IQ approximately PhIP greater than MeIQx greater than DMSO. In the neonatal B6C3F1 mouse, these heterocyclic aromatic amines showed potent tumorigenicity after 8 and 12 months at total doses that were 5-10,000-fold less than those employed in standard chronic bioassays. JF - Cancer letters AU - Dooley, K L AU - Von Tungeln, L S AU - Bucci, T AU - Fu, P P AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1992/03/15/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Mar 15 SP - 205 EP - 209 VL - 62 IS - 3 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Imidazoles KW - Mutagens KW - Quinolines KW - Quinoxalines KW - 4-biphenylamine KW - 16054949HJ KW - 2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline KW - 30GL3D3T0G KW - 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a-3',2'-d)imidazole KW - 67730-11-4 KW - 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline KW - 77500-04-0 KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Quinolines -- toxicity KW - Imidazoles -- toxicity KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- toxicity KW - Quinoxalines -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72980879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Comparative+carcinogenicity+of+4-aminobiphenyl+and+the+food+pyrolysates%2C+Glu-P-1%2C+IQ%2C+PhIP%2C+and+MeIQx+in+the+neonatal+B6C3F1+male+mouse.&rft.au=Dooley%2C+K+L%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+L+S%3BBucci%2C+T%3BFu%2C+P+P%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Dooley&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-03-15&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-09 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of the marine toxins okadaic acid and domoic acid in shellfish and phytoplankton in the Gulf of Mexico. AN - 73197335; 1529467 AB - Liquid chromatographic analyses of extracts from shellfish and phytoplankton from the Gulf of Mexico indicated the presence of the marine toxins okadaic acid (0.162 microgram/g shellfish) and domoic acid (2.1 pg/cell phytoplankter). These toxins are causative agents of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) and amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), respectively. The presence of DSP and ASP toxins in a region with no previous record of outbreaks may indicate a potential for human poisoning under conditions appropriate for accumulation of these toxins in shellfish. JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology AU - Dickey, R W AU - Fryxell, G A AU - Granade, H R AU - Roelke, D AD - Division of Seafood Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, AL 36528. Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 355 EP - 359 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0041-0101, 0041-0101 KW - Ethers, Cyclic KW - 0 KW - Marine Toxins KW - Okadaic Acid KW - 1W21G5Q4N2 KW - domoic acid KW - M02525818H KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Phytoplankton -- chemistry KW - Shellfish -- analysis KW - Marine Toxins -- analysis KW - Kainic Acid -- analogs & derivatives KW - Ethers, Cyclic -- analysis KW - Kainic Acid -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73197335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+the+marine+toxins+okadaic+acid+and+domoic+acid+in+shellfish+and+phytoplankton+in+the+Gulf+of+Mexico.&rft.au=Dickey%2C+R+W%3BFryxell%2C+G+A%3BGranade%2C+H+R%3BRoelke%2C+D&rft.aulast=Dickey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.issn=00410101&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Organization of veterinary public health in the United States of America and Canada. AN - 73195492; 1525414 AB - Veterinarians in the United States of America and Canada are involved in a variety of activities which contribute to improving human health and well-being. Some of these activities can be considered as a part of veterinary public health (VPH), including: zoonoses control, food safety, environmental protection, comparative medicine, disaster medicine and animal welfare. Both countries have federal systems, and their VPH activities are dependent on close interaction between health and agricultural agencies at the national, state or provincial, and local levels. In addition to governmental agencies, other entities such as academic institutions and various professional associations are also important contributors to VPH activities in the two countries. JF - Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) AU - Held, J R AU - Gregory, D J AD - United States Public Health Service, Arlington, Virginia 22202-3234. Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 147 EP - 167 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0253-1933, 0253-1933 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Zoonoses -- prevention & control KW - Canada KW - Humans KW - Animal Welfare KW - Disaster Planning KW - Veterinary Medicine -- organization & administration KW - Public Health Administration -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73195492?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.atitle=Organization+of+veterinary+public+health+in+the+United+States+of+America+and+Canada.&rft.au=Held%2C+J+R%3BGregory%2C+D+J&rft.aulast=Held&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+scientifique+et+technique+%28International+Office+of+Epizootics%29&rft.issn=02531933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-20 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory and field trials of permethrin-treated cotton used as nesting material to control fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) on cricetid rodents. AN - 73107894; 1495054 AB - Upholstery cotton treated with four different concentrations (0.25-2.0%) (2,500-20,000 ppm) of an aqueous permethrin solution, used as nesting material by white mice, was laboratory-tested against the potential plague vectors Oropsylla montana (Baker), Thrassis bacchi (Rothschild), and Orchopeas howardi (Baker) and found highly effective (P less than 0.001) for 1 yr. Similarly treated cotton gauze was tested under ambient and 75% RH and was found to be highly effective (P less than 0.001) in both environments for 1 yr. A separate test determined that the LD50 of permethrin-treated cotton was less than 10 ppm. Cotton tested with 0.5% permethrin and distributed under field conditions to cricetid rodents for use as nesting material was found to be highly effective (P less than 0.001 as a pulicide for greater than 4 mo when tested during winter in Larimer County, Colo. Permethrin-treated cotton was less successful in controlling fleas on cricetid rodents during the summer months in a New Mexico hyperendemic plague area. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Beard, M L AU - Maupin, G O AU - Craven, R B AU - Montman, C E AU - Barnes, A M AD - Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, Colo. 80522. Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 338 EP - 342 VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrethrins KW - Permethrin KW - 509F88P9SZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Gossypium KW - Siphonaptera KW - Ectoparasitic Infestations -- prevention & control KW - Ectoparasitic Infestations -- veterinary KW - Arvicolinae -- parasitology KW - Rodent Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73107894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Laboratory+and+field+trials+of+permethrin-treated+cotton+used+as+nesting+material+to+control+fleas+%28Insecta%3A+Siphonaptera%29+on+cricetid+rodents.&rft.au=Beard%2C+M+L%3BMaupin%2C+G+O%3BCraven%2C+R+B%3BMontman%2C+C+E%3BBarnes%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=338&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-08 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlations of developmental end points observed after 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid exposure in mice. AN - 73059296; 1631778 AB - A large-scale developmental toxicology study of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid was conducted in four inbred strains and one outbred strain of mice. The most significant developmental effects observed were reduced fetal weight and increased incidences of cleft palate (malformation) and prenatal death (deaths/resorptions). The correlation coefficients among the proportion of deaths/resorptions, proportion of malformations, average fetal weights, and number of viable fetuses were investigated, with each variable measured on a per-litter basis. Generally, the correlation coefficients between average fetal weight and number of viable fetuses were negative for the control and low-dose groups in the C57BL/6, C3H/He, and BALB/c strains. Overall, the correlation coefficients between proportion of malformations and number of viable fetuses were not significant. The correlation coefficients between proportion of malformations and average fetal weight were negative for all but one case. The correlations were weak in the control and low-dose groups, in which the malformation rates were very low, and were strong in the high-dose groups. The correlation coefficients between proportion of deaths/resorptions and proportion of malformations were generally positive at the high doses; some negative correlations were observed in control and low-dose groups. The correlation coefficients between proportion of deaths/resorptions and average fetal weight were negative for the A/JAX and CD-1 strains. In summary, the strongest relationship observed was the negative correlation between fetal weight and malformation. JF - Teratology AU - Chen, J J AU - Gaylor, D W AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 241 EP - 246 VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 0040-3709, 0040-3709 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid KW - 9Q963S4YMX KW - Index Medicus KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Fetal Resorption -- chemically induced KW - Mice KW - Fetal Viability -- drug effects KW - Fetal Death -- chemically induced KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73059296?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratology&rft.atitle=Correlations+of+developmental+end+points+observed+after+2%2C4%2C5-trichlorophenoxyacetic+acid+exposure+in+mice.&rft.au=Chen%2C+J+J%3BGaylor%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratology&rft.issn=00403709&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-14 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity potential of compounds found in parenteral solutions with rubber stoppers. AN - 72948109; 1588456 AB - Leached stopper components found in parenteral solutions produced by several manufacturers were identified and quantitated. Their toxicity potential was determined by comparing the types and quantities of the leached components with known toxicity levels and/or harmful effects. Toxicity potentials for benzaldehyde, 2-butoxyethanol, cyclohexanone, ethylbenzene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and tetrachloroethylene are listed. Breakdown products of dextrose (furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural), which may also have harmful effects, were quantitated. JF - Journal of parenteral science and technology : a publication of the Parenteral Drug Association AU - Danielson, J W AD - Sterility Analysis Research Center, Food and Drug Administration, Minneapolis, Minnesota. PY - 1992 SP - 43 EP - 47 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0279-7976, 0279-7976 KW - Solutions KW - 0 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections KW - Solutions -- analysis KW - Drug Packaging KW - Drug Contamination UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72948109?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+parenteral+science+and+technology+%3A+a+publication+of+the+Parenteral+Drug+Association&rft.atitle=Toxicity+potential+of+compounds+found+in+parenteral+solutions+with+rubber+stoppers.&rft.au=Danielson%2C+J+W&rft.aulast=Danielson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+parenteral+science+and+technology+%3A+a+publication+of+the+Parenteral+Drug+Association&rft.issn=02797976&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-22 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungal metabolism and detoxification of fluoranthene. AN - 72914878; 1575497 AB - Five metabolites produced by Cunninghamella elegans from fluoranthene (FA) in biotransformation studies were investigated for mutagenic activity towards Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA104. Whereas FA displayed positive, dose-related mutagenic responses in both tester strains in the presence of a rat liver homogenate fraction, 3-FA-beta-glucopyranoside, 3-(8-hydroxy-FA)-beta-glucopyranoside, FA trans-2,3-dihydrodiol, and 8-hydroxy-FA trans-2,3-dihydrodiol were negative. 9-Hydroxy-FA trans-2,3-dihydrodiol showed a weak positive response in S. typhimurium TA100. Mutagenicity assays performed with samples extracted at 24-h intervals during incubation of C. elegans with FA for 120 h showed that mutagenic activity decreased with time. Comparative studies with rat liver microsomes indicated that FA trans-2,3-dihydrodiol, the previously identified proximal mutagenic metabolite of FA, was the major metabolite. The circular dichroism spectrum of the rat liver microsomal FA trans-2,3-dihydrodiol indicated that it was optically active. In contrast, the circular dichroism spectrum of the fungal FA trans-2,3-dihydrodiol showed no optical activity. These results indicate that C. elegans has the potential to detoxify FA and that the stereochemistry of its trans-2,3-dihydrodiol metabolite reduces its mutagenic potential. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Pothuluri, J V AU - Heflich, R H AU - Fu, P P AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 937 EP - 941 VL - 58 IS - 3 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Fluorenes KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - fluoranthene KW - 360UOL779Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Biotransformation KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Circular Dichroism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Fluorenes -- toxicity KW - Fluorenes -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mucorales -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72914878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Fungal+metabolism+and+detoxification+of+fluoranthene.&rft.au=Pothuluri%2C+J+V%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BFu%2C+P+P%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Pothuluri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-04 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Jan;47(1):119-24 [6696409] Mutat Res. 1983 May;113(3-4):173-215 [6341825] Biochem J. 1983 Nov 15;216(2):377-84 [6661203] J Biol Chem. 1980 Jun 10;255(11):5159-63 [6768733] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1980 May 14;94(1):226-32 [7190014] Carcinogenesis. 1982;3(8):841-6 [7127666] J Biol Chem. 1979 Dec 10;254(23):12174-80 [500703] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1976 Jun;56(6):1237-42 [994224] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Oct;56(10):2974-83 [2285310] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Sep;50(3):649-55 [3907498] Mutat Res. 1987 Mar;187(3):119-25 [3547111] Carcinogenesis. 1984 Oct;5(10):1311-6 [6488452] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 Sep 30;85(3):355-66 [3764921] Cancer Res. 1979 Oct;39(10):4152-9 [383281] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What kinds of patient counseling are required? AN - 72885061; 1561966 JF - American pharmacy AU - Molzon, J A AD - Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD. Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 50 EP - 57 VL - NS32 IS - 3 SN - 0160-3450, 0160-3450 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Interactions KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Counseling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Physician's Role KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Patient Education as Topic -- standards KW - Liability, Legal KW - Pharmacists -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Patient Education as Topic -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72885061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+pharmacy&rft.atitle=What+kinds+of+patient+counseling+are+required%3F&rft.au=Molzon%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Molzon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=NS32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+pharmacy&rft.issn=01603450&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-11 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-term effects of postnatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol on uterine estrogen receptor and growth. AN - 72880236; 1558818 AB - Diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment of female rats on postnatal days (PND) 1-5 reduces uterine growth, estrogen receptor (ER) level and gland number by PND 25, while daily DES treatment on PND 1-25 increases uterine growth 4-fold, further reduces ER level and completely suppresses gland formation. We now report the persistence of these effects in adults. By PND 60, uterine weight was 70% of controls in rats injected with DES on PND 1-5 but only 10% of controls in rats injected PND 1-10 or longer. In fact, uterine weights were the same on PND 10 and 60. Uterine gland numbers were reduced to 30% of controls in all DES-treated rats regardless of exposure length; however, luminal and glandular epithelial cell heights were reduced to less than 50 and 70%, respectively, of controls when DES was given on PND 1-25 but not when given on PND 1-5. Ovariectomy 7 days prior to sacrifice on PND 60 reduced uterine weight in controls by 67% and in rats injected with DES on PND 1-5 by 53%, but had no effect in rats injected with DES on PND 1-10. DES exposure at either PND 1-5 or 1-10 lowered ER levels by 35-50% at both 60 and 90 days. Treatment with a high dose of estradiol (E2) 1 week before sacrifice significantly down-regulated ER to the same concentration in all treatment groups at PND 60 and 90. Following E2 treatment, all groups also showed increased uterine weight at PND 60 and 90. These data show there is a short period of development (PND 5-10) in which further DES exposure indirectly inhibits uterine growth. JF - The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology AU - Medlock, K L AU - Branham, W S AU - Sheehan, D M AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Reproductive and Development Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 23 EP - 28 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0960-0760, 0960-0760 KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - 0 KW - Diethylstilbestrol KW - 731DCA35BT KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Aging KW - Ovariectomy KW - Down-Regulation -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Uterus -- metabolism KW - Uterus -- growth & development KW - Diethylstilbestrol -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- metabolism KW - Diethylstilbestrol -- administration & dosage KW - Uterus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72880236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+steroid+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Long-term+effects+of+postnatal+exposure+to+diethylstilbestrol+on+uterine+estrogen+receptor+and+growth.&rft.au=Medlock%2C+K+L%3BBranham%2C+W+S%3BSheehan%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Medlock&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+steroid+biochemistry+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=09600760&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-12 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary function of U.S. coal miners related to dust exposure estimates. AN - 72849318; 1546842 AB - This study of 7,139 U.S. coal miners used linear regression analysis to relate estimates of cumulative dust exposure to several pulmonary function variables measured during medical examinations undertaken between 1969 and 1971. The exposure data included newly derived cumulative dust exposure estimates for the period up to time of examination based on large data bases of underground airborne dust sampling measurements. Negative associations were found between measures of cumulative exposure and FEV1, FVC, and the FEV1/FVC ratio (p less than 0.001). In general, the relationships were similar to those reported for British coal miners. Overall, the results demonstrate an adverse effect of coal mine dust exposure on pulmonary function that occurs even in the absence of radiographically detected pneumoconiosis. JF - The American review of respiratory disease AU - Attfield, M D AU - Hodous, T K AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 605 EP - 609 VL - 145 IS - 3 SN - 0003-0805, 0003-0805 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Smoking -- physiopathology KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Pneumoconiosis -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Vital Capacity -- physiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Forced Expiratory Volume -- physiology KW - Pneumoconiosis -- physiopathology KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Coal Mining KW - Dust -- adverse effects KW - Lung -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72849318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+review+of+respiratory+disease&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+function+of+U.S.+coal+miners+related+to+dust+exposure+estimates.&rft.au=Attfield%2C+M+D%3BHodous%2C+T+K&rft.aulast=Attfield&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=605&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+review+of+respiratory+disease&rft.issn=00030805&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-10 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 Jan;147(1):237-8 [8420424] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Prologue to Action: Life Sciences Education & Science Literacy. Report of a Conference (Columbus, Ohio, March 1992). AN - 62688803; ED376078 AB - In order for the United States to hold its long-standing position as an international leader in research and development, current as well as future generations must be made aware of the relationship between basic research and improvements in the quality of life. Seven subcommittees were asked to present overviews and discussions of their perspectives, issues, and recommendations to the U.S. Public Health Service (PHS). The issues are as follows: (1) "Public Awareness" suggests how PHS can improve public understanding of biomedical and behavioral research and its implications for individuals and society; (2) "Teacher Education" identifies mechanisms through which PHS can help improve the preservice and inservice education of teachers; (3) "Curriculum Development" suggests how PHS can help develop and implement science curriculums that will insure there is a pool of well-prepared biomedical and behavioral scientists, and identify how PHS can contribute to general scientific literacy; (4) "Student Incentives" suggests how PHS can attract students to and retain their interest in the study of life sciences; (5) "Underrepresented and Underserved Groups" suggests mechanisms that help PHS attract and retain underrepresented and underserved groups to careers in biomedical and behavioral research; (6) "Partnerships and Collaborations" suggests mechanisms to increase PHS involvement in partnerships that improve life sciences education and public science literacy; (7) "People Engaged in Science and Technology" suggests how academic and industry scientists can help PHS increase science literacy and ensure that a pool of well-trained biomedical scientists and technical personnel is available to meet national needs. (ZWH) Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 73 KW - Public Awareness KW - Public Health Service KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Science Education KW - Science Curriculum KW - Preservice Teacher Education KW - Higher Education KW - Biological Sciences KW - Secondary Education KW - Inservice Education KW - Health Services KW - Scientists KW - Public Health KW - Science Careers KW - Biomedicine KW - Student Recruitment KW - Scientific Literacy KW - Behavioral Science Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62688803?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Prologue+to+Action%3A+Life+Sciences+Education+%26amp%3B+Science+Literacy.+Report+of+a+Conference+%28Columbus%2C+Ohio%2C+March+1992%29.&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 2 - Produced in microfiche (1966-2003) N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Prologue to action: life sciences education and science literacy AN - 59609476; 1992-0909326 AB - Methods of improving scientific literacy, including outreach education, increased science curriculum in kindergarten through 12th grades, and partnerships between government and private industry. Recommendations from a conference held in Columbus, Ohio, June 1991. JF - Atlanta, GA 30333, March 1992. 79 pp. Y1 - 1992/03// PY - 1992 DA - March 1992 SP - 79 PB - Atlanta, GA 30333 KW - Science -- Study and teaching KW - United States -- Educational policy KW - Education -- United States KW - Schools -- Courses of study UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59609476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Prologue+to+action%3A+life+sciences+education+and+science+literacy&rft.title=Prologue+to+action%3A+life+sciences+education+and+science+literacy&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Atlanta, GA 30333 pa N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stimulation of human monocytes via CD45, CD44, and LFA-3 triggers macrophage-colony-stimulating factor production. Synergism with lipopolysaccharide and IL-1 beta. AN - 72802849; 1371132 AB - Stimulation of human monocytes with immobilized mAb directed against the CD45, CD44, or LFA-3 Ag induced the production of macrophage-CSF (M-CSF). M-CSF-specific transcripts appeared at 3 h poststimulation, were further increased by 12 h, and were still detectable at 24 h. M-CSF gene expression was accompanied by the induction of small but detectable amounts of M-CSF protein. LPS and IL-1 beta, but not IL-6 or TNF-alpha, dramatically augmented the ability of anti-CD45, anti-CD44, and anti-LFA-3 antibodies to induce M-CSF secretion but failed to stimulate M-CSF secretion in the absence of antibody. M-CSF activity in the culture supernatants was first detectable at 8 h of culture, peaked at day 2, and declined thereafter. Purified F(ab)2 fragments of anti-CD45 antibody were also effective in inducing M-CSF message and secretion, indicating that the Fc gamma RII is not involved in this response. Stimulation of cells with antibodies to the monocyte surface Ag MAC-1, LFA-1, and ICAM-1 did not result in M-CSF secretion. Moreover, LPS and IL-1 beta failed to synergize with these Ag in inducing M-CSF production. Together, these results indicate that stimulation of monocytes via the cell surface Ag CD45, CD44, and LFA-3 can trigger M-CSF production. However, second signals that can be provided by IL-1 beta or LPS are required to regulate optimal M-CSF protein secretion. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Gruber, M F AU - Webb, D S AU - Gerrard, T L AD - Division of Cytokine Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1992/02/15/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Feb 15 SP - 1113 EP - 1118 VL - 148 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD KW - Antigens, CD58 KW - Antigens, Surface KW - Histocompatibility Antigens KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing KW - Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor KW - 81627-83-0 KW - Antigens, CD45 KW - EC 3.1.3.48 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Drug Synergism KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology KW - Interleukin-1 -- pharmacology KW - Antigens, CD -- physiology KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- physiology KW - Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- biosynthesis KW - Monocytes -- metabolism KW - Histocompatibility Antigens -- physiology KW - Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing -- physiology KW - Monocytes -- drug effects KW - Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- genetics KW - Antigens, Surface -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72802849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Stimulation+of+human+monocytes+via+CD45%2C+CD44%2C+and+LFA-3+triggers+macrophage-colony-stimulating+factor+production.+Synergism+with+lipopolysaccharide+and+IL-1+beta.&rft.au=Gruber%2C+M+F%3BWebb%2C+D+S%3BGerrard%2C+T+L&rft.aulast=Gruber&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-02-15&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-16 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity by 4,4'-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) in the rat. AN - 72823567; 1540933 AB - The effects of the curative extender 4,4'-methylene bis (2-chloraniline) (MOCA), an established experimental carcinogen that exhibits activity in rat liver, on hepatic ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected i.p. with 75 mg/kg MOCA and killed 6, 12, 18, 24, 42 and 48 h later. Stimulation with MOCA of liver cytosolic ODC was first evident at 6 h, peaked at 12 h and returned to control levels by 42 h. The liver enzyme was refractory to stimulation by a second treatment of MOCA within the dosing intervals examined. The magnitude of stimulation of the enzyme by this aromatic amine was dependent on dose and route of administration. JF - Cancer letters AU - Savage, R E AU - Weigel, W W AU - Krieg, E F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998. Y1 - 1992/02/14/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Feb 14 SP - 63 EP - 68 VL - 62 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) KW - 3L2W5VTT2A KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.17 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Enzyme Induction -- drug effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Time Factors KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase -- biosynthesis KW - Methylenebis(chloroaniline) -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72823567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Induction+of+ornithine+decarboxylase+activity+by+4%2C4%27-methylene+bis%282-chloroaniline%29+in+the+rat.&rft.au=Savage%2C+R+E%3BWeigel%2C+W+W%3BKrieg%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-02-14&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-06 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The U.S. health care system: challenges for the academic health professions community. AN - 85280655; pmid-1546996 AB - The author discusses the need to create structural reforms in the nation's health care system, built around a consensus on workable, affordable solutions, the first of four needs in this area, and presents a set of principles that must frame the debate on health care reform (e.g., that health care must be accessible to all Americans). He also presents practical options that address the United States' most urgent health care concerns (e.g., making the cost of health insurance more affordable for small businesses). The second need is to preserve and strengthen the nation's biomedical research enterprise; the author outlines steps that are already under way to deal with this need (e.g., the development of a Biomedical Research Initiative in the Public Health Service and the allocation of funds for various research-connected activities). The third need is to increase the participation of minority youth in science and the health professions; the author outlines steps that are being taken to encourage such participation (e.g., helping historically black colleges and universities and funding training programs for training minority professionals in health care). The last need discussed is to foster a culture of character: empowering citizens to take control of their own lives to eliminate costly debilitating illness before it strikes. For all these needs to be addressed successfully, it is crucial that the involvement of the academic health professions community and the community at large be expanded. JF - Academic Medicine AU - Sullivan, L W AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC. PY - 1992 SP - 65 EP - 67 VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 1040-2446, 1040-2446 KW - Education, Medical KW - United States KW - Minority Groups KW - Human KW - Insurance, Health KW - Delivery of Health Care KW - Research KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Health Care Costs KW - Health Policy KW - Health Promotion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85280655?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Academic+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+U.S.+health+care+system%3A+challenges+for+the+academic+health+professions+community.&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+L+W&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=65&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Academic+Medicine&rft.issn=10402446&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of fitting procedure on hearing protector attenuation. AN - 85149063; pmid-1541368 AB - Realistically evaluating the effectiveness of hearing protectors continues to be a major problem in hearing conservation. The purpose of this study was to examine a laboratory-based fitting procedure (User Fit) that was designed to yield hearing protector attenuation values similar to that derived from field studies. Ten subjects who were naive to hearing protectors were used in a repeated measures design that measured real ear attenuation at threshold for two types of plugs. Each subject was tested in two fitting conditions that varied based on the type and degree of assistance given to the subjects by the experimenter. The results showed significant differences in attenuation based on the fitting procedure used, with the User Fit best approximating field data. In addition, a generalized learning effect was noted. The results suggest that any experience with earplugs leads to subsequent improvement in attenuation despite the type of earplug used. Further testing is planned with greater numbers of subjects and additional types of hearing protectors. JF - Ear and Hearing AU - Merry, C J AU - Sizemore, C W AU - Franks, John Richard AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio.; Department of Speech and Hearing Science, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Colleges of the Arts and Sciences, Ohio State University PY - 1992 SP - 11 EP - 18 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0196-0202, 0196-0202 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85149063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ear+and+Hearing&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+fitting+procedure+on+hearing+protector+attenuation.&rft.au=Merry%2C+C+J%3BSizemore%2C+C+W%3BFranks%2C+John+Richard&rft.aulast=Merry&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ear+and+Hearing&rft.issn=01960202&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Caloric restriction and chemical toxicity/carcinogenesis. AN - 75523552; 1344211 JF - Quality assurance (San Diego, Calif.) AU - Hart, R W AU - Chou, M W AU - Feuers, R J AU - Leakey, J E AU - Duffy, P H AU - Lyn-Cook, B AU - Turturro, A AU - Allaben, W T AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 120 EP - 131 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1052-9411, 1052-9411 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Energy Metabolism -- physiology KW - Mice KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Energy Intake KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75523552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.atitle=Caloric+restriction+and+chemical+toxicity%2Fcarcinogenesis.&rft.au=Hart%2C+R+W%3BChou%2C+M+W%3BFeuers%2C+R+J%3BLeakey%2C+J+E%3BDuffy%2C+P+H%3BLyn-Cook%2C+B%3BTurturro%2C+A%3BAllaben%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+assurance+%28San+Diego%2C+Calif.%29&rft.issn=10529411&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date created - 1994-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of diet type on incidence of spontaneous and 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced liver and bladder tumors in BALB/c mice fed AIN-76A diet versus NIH-07 diet. AN - 72996987; 1318239 AB - Diet is a major influence on the responses of experimental animals to drugs, toxins, and carcinogens. Two diets used widely in toxicological and/or nutritional studies, and considered to be nutritionally adequate, were compared with respect to their influence on growth, body weight, lifespan, spontaneous neoplasia, and neoplastic responses to 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF). Both sexes of weanling BALB/c mice were fed either a purified diet (AIN-76A) or a nonpurified, natural ingredient diet (NIH-07), with or without 2-AAF for up to 2 years. Dosages of 2-AAF were administered to males at 0, 20, 40, or 60 ppm in each diet and to females at 0, 100, 125, or 150 ppm. Each group consisted of 96 mice. In most instances, males and females fed purified diet (AIN-fed) gained weight more rapidly, attained higher maximum body weights, and died earlier than their non-purified diet (NIH-fed) counterparts. 2-AAF inhibited weight gain significantly only in AIN-fed females. Thus, females receiving 150 ppm 2-AAF gained little more than their NIH-fed counterparts. At the dosages used in males, 2-AAF did not induce liver neoplasia but the AIN diet was clearly associated with a higher spontaneous frequency of liver neoplasia than the NIH diet. Although 2-AAF induced liver tumors in females fed either diet at all dosages, a higher frequency and earlier appearance of liver tumors among AIN-fed females than their NIH-fed counterparts was apparent mainly at the lowest dosage. 2-AAF induced bladder neoplasia in both sexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Fullerton, F R AU - Greenman, D L AU - Bucci, T J AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas. Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 193 EP - 199 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - 9M98QLJ2DL KW - Index Medicus KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Hemangioma -- etiology KW - Sex Factors KW - Hemangioma -- chemically induced KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- etiology KW - Adenoma -- chemically induced KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Adenoma -- etiology KW - Kidney Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Male KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- chemically induced KW - Female KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- etiology KW - Food, Formulated KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72996987?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+diet+type+on+incidence+of+spontaneous+and+2-acetylaminofluorene-induced+liver+and+bladder+tumors+in+BALB%2Fc+mice+fed+AIN-76A+diet+versus+NIH-07+diet.&rft.au=Fullerton%2C+F+R%3BGreenman%2C+D+L%3BBucci%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Fullerton&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetic data in the evaluation of the safety of food and color additives. AN - 72863085; 1553413 AB - Safety evaluation of food and color additives intended for human use is usually based on toxicity data obtained from animal studies; human data are rarely available. The extrapolation of animal data to humans is often controversial. The important role that pharmacokinetic data could play in the safety evaluation of food and color additives is now widely recognized. This paper reviews the current scientific knowledge concerning the application of properly designed pharmacokinetic studies to the evaluation of the safety of food and color additives. In principle, pharmacokinetic data can be useful not only in designing, interpreting, and extrapolating animal toxicity studies to humans, but also in providing insight into the mechanisms of toxicity. Examples of such applications are provided. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Lin, C S AU - Shoaf, S E AU - Griffiths, J C AD - Division of Toxicological Review and Evaluation, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204. Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 62 EP - 72 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Food Coloring Agents KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Food Coloring Agents -- toxicity KW - Food Coloring Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Food Additives -- toxicity KW - Food Additives -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72863085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetic+data+in+the+evaluation+of+the+safety+of+food+and+color+additives.&rft.au=Lin%2C+C+S%3BShoaf%2C+S+E%3BGriffiths%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=62&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-29 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring drug product quality. AN - 72840631; 1546630 JF - American pharmacy AU - Bolger, G AU - Goetsch, R AU - Reinstein, P AD - FDA, Rockville, Md. Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 47 EP - 49 VL - NS32 IS - 2 SN - 0160-3450, 0160-3450 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Drug Monitoring -- methods KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- methods KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- organization & administration KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72840631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+pharmacy&rft.atitle=Monitoring+drug+product+quality.&rft.au=Bolger%2C+G%3BGoetsch%2C+R%3BReinstein%2C+P&rft.aulast=Bolger&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=NS32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+pharmacy&rft.issn=01603450&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Am Pharm 1992 Apr;NS32(4):6 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of release of arachidonic acid, superoxide, and IL-1 from human monocytes by monoclonal anti-HLA class II antibodies: effects at proximal and distal points of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis pathway. AN - 72834230; 1312059 AB - Incubation of human elutriator-purified monocytes with anti-HLA-DR or DQ antibody inhibited the release of arachidonic acid induced by serum-treated zymosan (STZ), a phagocytic stimulus that is known to induce inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and Ca2+ influx. However, only anti-HLA-DR antibody partially inhibited STZ-induced inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and concanavalin-A-induced Ca2+ influx. Incubation with anti-HLA-DR or -DQ antibody inhibited phorbol ester-induced AA release as well as superoxide production and IL-1 release. Inhibition of monocyte function by anti-class II antibodies was not accompanied by cAMP elevation. Furthermore, addition of exogenous db-cAMP and other agents (forskolin, cholera toxin, or 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine) that increase cAMP levels through different mechanisms, alone or in combination with anti-HLA antibodies, had no inhibitory effect on factor release. Our results demonstrate that perturbation of class II molecules down-modulates cell activation at more than one point of the signal transduction pathway with dominant inhibition distal to inositol phospholipid hydrolysis. They also suggest that the inhibition by anti-HLA class II antibody is probably not mediated via cAMP elevation. JF - Inflammation AU - Puri, J AU - Taplits, M AU - Alava, M AU - Bonvini, E AU - Hoffman, T AD - Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 31 EP - 44 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0360-3997, 0360-3997 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Histocompatibility Antigens Class II KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Phosphatidylinositols KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Arachidonic Acid KW - 27YG812J1I KW - Ionomycin KW - 56092-81-0 KW - Zymosan KW - 9010-72-4 KW - Cyclic AMP KW - E0399OZS9N KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Cyclic AMP -- immunology KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- metabolism KW - Cyclic AMP -- blood KW - Zymosan -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Calcium -- blood KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Ionomycin -- immunology KW - Phosphatidylinositols -- blood KW - Hydrolysis KW - Interleukin-1 -- blood KW - Monocytes -- metabolism KW - Histocompatibility Antigens Class II -- immunology KW - Arachidonic Acid -- blood KW - Superoxides -- blood KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72834230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inflammation&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+release+of+arachidonic+acid%2C+superoxide%2C+and+IL-1+from+human+monocytes+by+monoclonal+anti-HLA+class+II+antibodies%3A+effects+at+proximal+and+distal+points+of+inositol+phospholipid+hydrolysis+pathway.&rft.au=Puri%2C+J%3BTaplits%2C+M%3BAlava%2C+M%3BBonvini%2C+E%3BHoffman%2C+T&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inflammation&rft.issn=03603997&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-15 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concanavalin A-induced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production in a murine T-cell line is posttranscriptionally controlled. AN - 72831318; 1544398 AB - Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor (HGF) that regulates the proliferation and differentiation of cells of the myeloid lineage. It can be produced by a variety of cells. One of the major sources of GM-CSF is activated T cells, which transiently produce this HGF. We used the EL-4 thymoma cell line as a model system to address the molecular basis for GM-CSF regulation in T cells. Both concanavalin A (ConA) and the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) induce GM-CSF expression in EL-4 cells. However, the biological activity of GM-CSF in the supernatants of the TPA-stimulated cells was higher than that of ConA-stimulated cells. To elucidate this difference in biological activity levels, we examined how ConA regulates GM-CSF gene expression in EL-4 cells and compared it to the better-characterized regulation by TPA. Peak mRNA levels of GM-CSF occur 6 h after stimulation with either of these two agents. GM-CSF mRNA levels after ConA treatment are lower and decrease significantly after 10 h compared to TPA treatment, which causes much higher levels that persist for at least 24 h. Neither agent alters GM-CSF gene transcription. Actinomycin D chase experiments show that ConA increases the GM-CSF mRNA half-life from less than 30 to 90 min, whereas TPA prolongs it to greater than 3 h. These results indicate that GM-CSF mRNA induction by ConA (in common with TPA) is regulated predominantly via RNA stabilization and that the difference in prolongation of the mRNA half-life provides the primary explanation for the lower levels of GM-CSF mRNA induced by ConA compared to TPA. JF - Experimental hematology AU - Iwai, Y AU - Bickel, M AU - Cohen, R B AU - Pluznik, D H AD - Division of Cytokine Biology, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 271 EP - 275 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0301-472X, 0301-472X KW - RNA, Messenger KW - 0 KW - RNA, Neoplasm KW - Concanavalin A KW - 11028-71-0 KW - Dactinomycin KW - 1CC1JFE158 KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor KW - 83869-56-1 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Transcription, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- metabolism KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Mice KW - RNA, Neoplasm -- genetics KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - RNA, Neoplasm -- analysis KW - Thymus Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Thymoma -- pathology KW - Half-Life KW - Thymus Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- pathology KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Thymoma -- metabolism KW - T-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- genetics KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes -- pathology KW - RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional -- drug effects KW - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- metabolism KW - Concanavalin A -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72831318?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Experimental+hematology&rft.atitle=Concanavalin+A-induced+granulocyte-macrophage+colony-stimulating+factor+production+in+a+murine+T-cell+line+is+posttranscriptionally+controlled.&rft.au=Iwai%2C+Y%3BBickel%2C+M%3BCohen%2C+R+B%3BPluznik%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Iwai&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Experimental+hematology&rft.issn=0301472X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-16 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Real ear attenuation at threshold for three audiometric headphone devices: implications for maximum permissible ambient noise level standards. AN - 72826372; 1541370 AB - Attenuation measurements were made using the ANSI S12.6-1984 protocol on a standard Telephonics headset with TDH-50P earphones and Model 51 cushions, Amplivox Audiocups headphone enclosures, and Peltor AudioMate headphone enclosures. Each of the enclosures housed Telephonics TDH-50P earphones with Model 51 cushions. The mean attenuation values obtained were compared with those previously reported, and reasons for discrepancies were analyzed. Pure-tone threshold shifts in background noise complying with ANSI S3.1-1977 and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (1983) maximum permissible ambient noise level standards were estimated on the basis of the attenuation values for each headphone device, and the adequacy of these current standards for accurate pure-tone threshold assessment was considered. The results indicated that Model 51 cushions alone are insufficient to attenuate the ambient noise levels permitted under ANSI S3.1-1977, and even the utilization of noise-excluding headphone enclosures does not reduce the background noise levels permitted under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (1983) to a sufficient degree to permit testing down to 0 dB HL. JF - Ear and hearing AU - Franks, J R AU - Engel, D P AU - Themann, C L AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio. Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 2 EP - 10 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 0196-0202, 0196-0202 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Automatic Data Processing KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Loudness Perception -- physiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Amplifiers, Electronic KW - Auditory Threshold -- physiology KW - Noise, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Audiometry, Pure-Tone -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72826372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ear+and+hearing&rft.atitle=Real+ear+attenuation+at+threshold+for+three+audiometric+headphone+devices%3A+implications+for+maximum+permissible+ambient+noise+level+standards.&rft.au=Franks%2C+J+R%3BEngel%2C+D+P%3BThemann%2C+C+L&rft.aulast=Franks&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ear+and+hearing&rft.issn=01960202&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-08 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interaction of aminoalkylcarbamates of forskolin with adenylyl cyclase: synthesis of an iodinated derivative of forskolin with high affinity for adenylyl cyclase. AN - 72821578; 1538712 AB - 7-(2-Aminoethyl)aminocarbonyl-7-desacetylforskolin (7-AEC-Fsk) and 6-(2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylforskolin (6-AEC-Fsk) were synthesized and tested for their ability to activate adenylyl cyclase and inhibit the high affinity binding of [3H]forskolin to bovine brain membranes. Forskolin and 7-AEC-Fsk were equipotent in activating adenylyl cyclase, with EC50 values of about 4 microM, whereas 6-AEC-Fsk had an EC50 of about 2 microM. 6-AEC-Fsk and 7-AEC-Fsk stimulated adenylyl cyclase about 7-fold over basal levels at 100 microM, whereas forskolin produced a 5-fold stimulation. Forskolin and 6-AEC-Fsk inhibited the binding of [3H]forskolin to bovine brain membranes with Kd values of 41 nM and 28 nM, respectively, whereas 7-AEC-Fsk had a Kd of 83 nM. The 3-(3-iodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide derivative of 6-AEC-Fsk (6-I-HPP-Fsk) was more potent than forskolin in inhibiting [3H]forskolin binding to bovine brain membranes, with a Kd of 14 nM. 6-AEC-Fsk was reacted with 125I-labeled Bolton-Hunter reagent to produce 6-125I-HPP-Fsk with a specific activity of 2175 Ci/mmol. 6-125I-HPP-Fsk bound to bovine brain membranes with a Kd of 13 nM and a Bmax of 3.8 pmol/mg of protein. Forskolin inhibited the binding of 6-125I-HPP-Fsk to bovine brain membranes with a Kd of 31 nM, whereas 1,9-dideoxyforskolin only slightly inhibited the binding at 10 microM. The binding of 6-125I-HPP-Fsk was not inhibited by agents that inhibit forskolin binding to the glucose transporter, such as D-glucose or cytochalasin B. There was no displaceable binding of 6-125I-HPP-Fsk to red blood cell membranes, which contain a large concentration of the glucose transporter. Pretreatment of bovine brain membranes with an alkylating derivative of forskolin, 7-bromoacetyl-7-desacetylforskolin (BrAcFsk), led to an irreversible decrease in the binding of [3H]forskolin and 6-125I-HPP-Fsk. The time dependence and concentration dependence for the BrAcFsk-induced decrease in [3H]forskolin binding sites were identical to those observed for the decrease in 6-125I-HPP-Fsk binding sites. 6-125I-HPP-Fsk binding was determined in human platelet membranes in the presence of Mg2+ alone and in combination with guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S) or AIF4-. The presence of GTP gamma S or AIF4- increased the binding of 6-125I-HPP-Fsk by 4.5-fold and 4-fold, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) JF - Molecular pharmacology AU - Laurenza, A AU - Robbins, J D AU - Seamon, K B AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 360 EP - 368 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0026-895X, 0026-895X KW - Carbamates KW - 0 KW - Iodine Radioisotopes KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - 3-(3-iodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide derivative of 6-(2-aminoethyl)aminocarbonylforskolin KW - 135159-46-5 KW - Colforsin KW - 1F7A44V6OU KW - Adenylyl Cyclases KW - EC 4.6.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Humans KW - Blood Platelets -- ultrastructure KW - Membranes -- metabolism KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Blood Platelets -- metabolism KW - Cattle KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Brain -- ultrastructure KW - Carbamates -- pharmacology KW - Adenylyl Cyclases -- drug effects KW - Colforsin -- pharmacology KW - Carbamates -- metabolism KW - Carbamates -- chemical synthesis KW - Colforsin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Adenylyl Cyclases -- metabolism KW - Colforsin -- chemical synthesis KW - Colforsin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72821578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Interaction+of+aminoalkylcarbamates+of+forskolin+with+adenylyl+cyclase%3A+synthesis+of+an+iodinated+derivative+of+forskolin+with+high+affinity+for+adenylyl+cyclase.&rft.au=Laurenza%2C+A%3BRobbins%2C+J+D%3BSeamon%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Laurenza&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+pharmacology&rft.issn=0026895X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-27 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hemoglobin adduct and hepatic- and urinary bladder-DNA adduct levels in rapid and slow acetylator Syrian inbred hamsters administered 2-aminofluorene. AN - 72801019; 1738128 AB - The levels of covalently bound arylamine-hemoglobin and DNA adduct formation were used as dosimeters to measure the effect of acetylator genotype and sex on the metabolic conversion of the carcinogen, 2-aminofluorene, to reactive intermediates. A single high dose of 2-aminofluorene (60 mg/kg b.wt. i.p.) was administered to male and female homozygous rapid (Patr/Patr) acetylator hamsters (MHA/SsLaK) and homozygous slow (Pats/Pats) acetylator hamsters (Bio. 82.73/H). By using 32P-postlabeling assay methodology, a sole nonacetylated DNA adduct, which cochromatographed with authentic N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-aminofluorene was detected at 3, 6, 12, 18 or 24 hr postdosing in liver and urinary bladder DNA of both rapid and slow acetylator hamsters. The highest levels were detected at 18 hr post 2-aminofluorene injection at which time the average levels of hepatic 2-aminofluorene-DNA adducts were similar between male and female rapid and slow acetylators. By comparison, the levels of 2-aminofluorene-DNA adducts in the urinary bladder at 18 hr were about 4-fold lower than in the liver, and were significantly greater in homozygous rapid than in homozygous slow acetylator counterparts (P less than .01). In both the liver and urinary bladder, the levels of 2-aminofluorene-DNA adducts were independent of sex. In contrast to the DNA adduct data, the levels of 2-aminofluorene-hemoglobin adducts, evaluated by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, were significantly higher in the homozygous slow acetylators than in homozygous rapid acetylators. However, there again were no differences between males and females.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Flammang, T J AU - Yerokun, T AU - Bryant, M S AU - Couch, L H AU - Kirlin, W G AU - Lee, K J AU - Ogolla, F AU - Ferguson, R J AU - Talaska, G AU - Hein, D W AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas. Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 865 EP - 871 VL - 260 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Fluorenes KW - 0 KW - Hemoglobins KW - Mutagens KW - 2-aminofluorene KW - 3A69OS195N KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Acetylation KW - Mesocricetus -- genetics KW - Homozygote KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cricetinae KW - Genotype KW - Fluorenes -- toxicity KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - DNA Damage KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Urinary Bladder -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72801019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Hemoglobin+adduct+and+hepatic-+and+urinary+bladder-DNA+adduct+levels+in+rapid+and+slow+acetylator+Syrian+inbred+hamsters+administered+2-aminofluorene.&rft.au=Flammang%2C+T+J%3BYerokun%2C+T%3BBryant%2C+M+S%3BCouch%2C+L+H%3BKirlin%2C+W+G%3BLee%2C+K+J%3BOgolla%2C+F%3BFerguson%2C+R+J%3BTalaska%2C+G%3BHein%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Flammang&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=260&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=865&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-17 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Parents Speak Out for America's Children. Report of the Surgeon General's Conference on Healthy Children Ready To Learn--The Critical Role of Parents (Washington, D.C., February 9-12, 1992). AN - 62831334; ED357864 AB - This report details the proceedings of a conference hosted by U.S. Surgeon General Antonia Novello. The conference joined 225 parents from all 50 states and more than 700 government officials and representatives from public and private health, education, and social service agencies to search for new ways to advance the health and education of America's children. The report includes: (1) an executive summary (10 pages); (2) an introduction to the conference; (3) the Surgeon General's opening remarks; (4) a summary of parent work groups, focusing on national and regional issues; (5) presentations of findings by parent representatives and responses from government officials; (6) speeches by key government officials at the conference, including President George Bush; (7) presentations on various issues related to child health and education; and (8) the Surgeon General's closing remarks. Appendices include a list of conference participants; a list of advisory group members; a list of planning committee members; the conference agenda; a list of conference facilitators and recorders; a summary of the 28 conference workshops; a list of organizations with exhibitions at the conference; and a list of groups that entertained at the conference. (MM) Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 197 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Government Role KW - Parent Role KW - Child Health KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Federal Government KW - Health Promotion KW - Health Services KW - Parent Responsibility KW - Child Rearing KW - Social Services KW - Parent Participation KW - School Readiness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62831334?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Pediatric AIDS-related discharges in a sample of U.S. hospitals: demographics, diagnoses, and resource use T2 - AHCPR pubn. no. 92-0031 Provider studies research note 16 AN - 59603044; 1992-0612618 AB - Statistical data on care provided during 1986-87. JF - Nat Tech Info Service, February 1992. 13 pp. AU - Ball, J K AU - Thaul, S Y1 - 1992/02// PY - 1992 DA - February 1992 SP - 13 PB - Nat Tech Info Service KW - Hospitals -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Chronically ill children -- Medical care -- Statistics KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome -- United States -- Statistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59603044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Ball%2C+J+K%3BThaul%2C+S&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-02-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Pediatric+AIDS-related+discharges+in+a+sample+of+U.S.+hospitals%3A+demographics%2C+diagnoses%2C+and+resource+use&rft.title=Pediatric+AIDS-related+discharges+in+a+sample+of+U.S.+hospitals%3A+demographics%2C+diagnoses%2C+and+resource+use&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Nat Tech Info Service U.S. $17; elsewhere $34 N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory Concerns in the Current Practices of Clinical Pathology AN - 856755794; 13645515 JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Cavagnaro, Joy A AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Building 29, Room 118, United States Food and Drug Administration, Office of Biologics Research, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 519 EP - 522 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 20 IS - 3-2 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856755794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=Regulatory+Concerns+in+the+Current+Practices+of+Clinical+Pathology&rft.au=Cavagnaro%2C+Joy+A&rft.aulast=Cavagnaro&rft.aufirst=Joy&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3-2&rft.spage=519&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339202000311 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339202000311 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Value of Clinical Chemistry Data in Animal Screening Studies for Safety Evaluation AN - 856755486; 13645514 JF - Toxicologic Pathology AU - Irausquin, Hiltje AD - Standards and Monitoring Branch (HFF-156), Division of Toxicological Review and Evaluation, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, 200 C Street, SW, Washington, D.C. 20204 Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 515 EP - 518 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 20 IS - 3-2 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Toxicology Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856755486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.atitle=The+Value+of+Clinical+Chemistry+Data+in+Animal+Screening+Studies+for+Safety+Evaluation&rft.au=Irausquin%2C+Hiltje&rft.aulast=Irausquin&rft.aufirst=Hiltje&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3-2&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+Pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F019262339202000310 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019262339202000310 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of Aluminum On Conditioned Avoidance Response (Car) in Mice AN - 760215910; 13641582 AB - Aluminum is used in medical products and some parenteral products (Vaccines) contain aluminum. In a study of neurotoxicity of aluminum in mice, four groups of CD sub( 1) mice (5 males and 5 females per dose level) were treated as follows: group one drank 1.0% of aluminum (as AlCl sub(3)) during the weaning period from day 1 to 8 weeks of age; group two drank AlCl sub(3) from 1 month to 4 months of age; group three mice (1 month old) were injected i.p. with 10, 30 and 100 mg of aluminum /kg/day for two days; group four mice (1 month old) were injected s.c. with 3, 10, and 30 mg of aluminum/kg/day for 2 days. Controls received the vehicle only. All mice were trained for CAR five times at 2 months of age. The CAR of mice that ingested AlCl sub(3) during the weaning period to 8 weeks of age was lowered by 26% compared to the control group, which achieved 46% of CAR after five training sessions. Also, the retention of CAR was reduced to 30% whereas that of the control group remained at the same level after 1 month. CAR values of group two did not differ from those of its control. CAR of group three (at 30 mg/ kg i.p.) was 36% lower than controls. CAR of s.c. group four (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg) was lowered to 16%-28% of the control; CAR retention was reduced to 18%. Therefore, the oral ingestion of aluminum induced neurotoxicity in mice which may be seen only at an early age, but injection of aluminum can cause neurotoxicity at any age. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Yen-Koo, Helen C AD - Division of Research and Testing Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Office of Research Resources Food and Drug Administration Washington, DC 20204 Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1 EP - 7 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 8 IS - 1-2 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - mouse conditioned behavior KW - aluminum toxicity. KW - Age KW - Medical equipment KW - Aluminum KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Weaning KW - Avoidance behavior KW - Vaccines KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760215910?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+Aluminum+On+Conditioned+Avoidance+Response+%28Car%29+in+Mice&rft.au=Yen-Koo%2C+Helen+C&rft.aulast=Yen-Koo&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379200800101 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 6 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-02 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Age; Medical equipment; Neurotoxicity; Aluminum; Avoidance behavior; Weaning; Vaccines DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379200800101 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Heat Sterilization of Commercial Rat Diets for Use in Fda Toxicological Studies AN - 760214913; 13641583 AB - Certified commercial rat diets, control and fortified, in the form of pellets and meal, were evaluated in a simulated subchronic rat feeding study. The diets were analyzed before and after autoclaving to determine nutrient integrity and loss, as well as the efficiency of autoclaving for removal of microbiological contaminants. Sterilization reduced the level of heat-labile vitamins, but protein level was minimally reduced. Sterilization eliminated most of the bacterial contaminants and virtually all the mold and yeast colonies. Male and female Osborne-Mendel rats (3-4 wk old) were fed control or sterilized diet for 6 wk. Both males and females consumed more pelleted chow than meal chow. This apparent difference in consumption may be due to wastage of pellets, because there were no differences in male or female growth during the 6-wk study. At necropsy, no gross pathology was noted, and organ weights did not differ significantly among the groups for either sex. Testicular weights were also similar among the groups. Blood serum proteins were analyzed by electrophoresis to screen for possible effects on various target organs. Gamma globulin levels for female rats fed sterilized meal were significantly reduced compared to levels for rats fed the control diet. These results suggest that either nutritional factors or heat inactivation of the microbes affects basal levels of humoral immunity, possibly by reduction of gut-mediated immune responses. JF - Toxicology and Industrial Health AU - Collins, Thomas FX AU - Hinton, Dennis M AU - Welsh, John J AU - Black, Thomas N AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Food and Drug Administration Washington, D.C. 20204 Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 9 EP - 20 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 8 IS - 1-2 SN - 0748-2337, 0748-2337 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Testes KW - Autopsy KW - Pathology KW - feeding KW - Molds KW - Nutrients KW - Nutrition KW - Serum proteins KW - Rats KW - Immunity (humoral) KW - Colonies KW - Vitamins KW - Sex KW - Diets KW - Feeding KW - Electrophoresis KW - Globulins KW - Organs KW - Sterilization KW - Blood KW - Heat KW - FDA KW - Proteins KW - Immune response KW - Contaminants KW - Toxicity testing KW - Heat inactivation KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/760214913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Heat+Sterilization+of+Commercial+Rat+Diets+for+Use+in+Fda+Toxicological+Studies&rft.au=Collins%2C+Thomas+FX%3BHinton%2C+Dennis+M%3BWelsh%2C+John+J%3BBlack%2C+Thomas+N&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Industrial+Health&rft.issn=07482337&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F074823379200800102 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-10-01 N1 - Number of references - 13 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-09 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testes; Diets; Feeding; Autopsy; Electrophoresis; Molds; Nutrients; Globulins; Sterilization; Serum proteins; Immunity (humoral); Blood; Colonies; Heat; Vitamins; Immune response; Contaminants; Toxicity testing; Heat inactivation; Sex; Rats; Pathology; FDA; feeding; Proteins; Nutrition; Organs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379200800102 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric methods for the determination of marine polyether toxins. AN - 75509676; 1340357 AB - Experiments with novel nitrogenous coumarin-based reagents yielded moderately fluorescent derivatives of brevetoxin-3 and ciguatoxin-1. The diethylaminocoumarin-carbamic acid esters of brevetoxin-3 were resolved by high performance liquid chromatography into two derivative peaks that correspond to substitutions at the C-37 and C-41 hydroxyls. The derivatives produced intense molecular ions under fast atom bombardment ionization conditions, confirming derivative identity. Ciguatoxin-1 was also successfully derivatized, resolved, and identified by HPLC-fluorometry with an estimated lower limit of detection of 0.5 to 1.0 ng. JF - Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique (1990) AU - Dickey, R W AU - Bencsath, F A AU - Granade, H R AU - Lewis, R J AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Division of Seafood Research, Dauphin Island, AL 36528. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 514 EP - 515 VL - 85 IS - 5 Pt 2 SN - 0037-9085, 0037-9085 KW - Coumarins KW - 0 KW - Ethers, Cyclic KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Marine Toxins KW - Oxocins KW - Ciguatoxins KW - 11050-21-8 KW - Okadaic Acid KW - 1W21G5Q4N2 KW - brevetoxin KW - 98225-48-0 KW - Nigericin KW - RRU6GY95IS KW - Index Medicus KW - Ethers, Cyclic -- analysis KW - Ciguatoxins -- analysis KW - Nigericin -- analysis KW - Marine Toxins -- analysis KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75509676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+de+la+Societe+de+pathologie+exotique+%281990%29&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+mass+spectrometric+methods+for+the+determination+of+marine+polyether+toxins.&rft.au=Dickey%2C+R+W%3BBencsath%2C+F+A%3BGranade%2C+H+R%3BLewis%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Dickey&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=5+Pt+2&rft.spage=514&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+de+la+Societe+de+pathologie+exotique+%281990%29&rft.issn=00379085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of analogues of okadaic acid from cultures of Prorocentrum lima. AN - 75503645; 1340349 AB - A chloroform extract of cultured Prorocentrum lima was analyzed for carboxylic polyethers related to okadaic acid (OA). The extract was derivatized with 1-(bromoacetyl)pyrene to give the fluorescent pyrenacyl esters of OA and other carboxylic acids. The resulting mixture was subjected to preparative high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Positive chemical ionization mass spectrometry indicated that four OA-related compounds were present, including two methylated analogues. The fragmentation pattern of at least one of these suggests it is not the previously reported 35-methylokadaic acid. JF - Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique (1990) AU - Granade, H R AU - Bencsath, F A AU - Dickey, R W AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Division of Seafood Research, Dauphin Island, AL 36528. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 478 EP - 480 VL - 85 IS - 5 Pt 2 SN - 0037-9085, 0037-9085 KW - Ethers, Cyclic KW - 0 KW - Okadaic Acid KW - 1W21G5Q4N2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - United States Virgin Islands KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Ethers, Cyclic -- isolation & purification KW - Dinoflagellida -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75503645?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+de+la+Societe+de+pathologie+exotique+%281990%29&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+analogues+of+okadaic+acid+from+cultures+of+Prorocentrum+lima.&rft.au=Granade%2C+H+R%3BBencsath%2C+F+A%3BDickey%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Granade&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=5+Pt+2&rft.spage=478&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+de+la+Societe+de+pathologie+exotique+%281990%29&rft.issn=00379085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1993-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of hypothermic conditions on the oxygen carrying capacity of crosslinked hemoglobins. AN - 745662044; 5694 AB - In view of the potential application for hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) in organ perfusion under hypothermic conditions, we examined the temperature dependence of oxygen equilibrium curves (OECs) at 15-37 degree C of three HBOCs: HbA-FMDA and HbBv-FMDA, produced by the reaction of human or bovine oxyHb with fumaryl mono-dibromoaspirin, and HbA-DBBF, produced by the reaction of human deoxyHb with bis(3,5-dibromosalicyl) fumarate. OECs for HbA-DBBF, HbA-FMDA and HbBv-FMDA at 37 degree C were right-shifted (P sub(50) = 24.5, 17 and 35 torr, respectively). Van't Hoff's rule gave the following values for the heat of oxygenation ( Delta H in kcal/mol): HbA-DBBF (-12.2 plus or minus 2.8), HbA-FMDA (-12.0 plus or minus 2.0), HbBv-FMDA (-10.5 plus or minus 1.8); these values do not significantly differ from that for native HbA sub(o) (-11.5 plus or minus 2.4). Among the hemoglobins included in this study, HbBv-FMDA had the most favorable oxygenation characteristics at low temperatures (a P sub(50) of 6.0 torr at 15 degree C as compared to only 2-3 torr for the other hemoglobins in the study). Recently, however, a human hemoglobin crosslinked with bispyridoxyl tetraphosphate was reported to have a P sub(50) of 15 torr at 16 degree C. Therefore, precise knowledge of the oxygen-delivering capacity of any potential HBOC should be explored under hypothermic conditions, as performance under these conditions may determine its usefulness as an organ perfusate. JF - Biomaterials, Artificial Cells and Immobilization Biotechnology AU - Alayash, AI AU - Frantantoni, J C AD - FDA, Bethesda, MD, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 259 EP - 262 VL - 20 IS - 2-4 SN - 1055-7172, 1055-7172 KW - Biocompatibility KW - Crosslinking KW - Diaspirin-crosslinked hemoglobin KW - Heat of oxygenation KW - Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes KW - Hypothermic organ perfusion KW - Low temperature effects KW - Oxygen KW - Oxygen equilibrium curves KW - Oxygen-carrying capacity KW - Pyridoxalated hemoglobin KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Thermodynamics KW - Mass transfer KW - Chemical modification KW - W4 641.1:THERMODYNAMICS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 461.6:MEDICINE KW - W4 804:CHEMICAL PRODUCTS GENERALLY KW - W4 461.8:BIOTECHNOLOGY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745662044?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomaterials%2C+Artificial+Cells+and+Immobilization+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+hypothermic+conditions+on+the+oxygen+carrying+capacity+of+crosslinked+hemoglobins.&rft.au=Alayash%2C+AI%3BFrantantoni%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Alayash&rft.aufirst=AI&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2-4&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomaterials%2C+Artificial+Cells+and+Immobilization+Biotechnology&rft.issn=10557172&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Thermodynamics; Mass transfer; Chemical modification ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The status of eye irritancy testing: a regulatory perspective. AN - 73510828; 1301785 AB - Eye irritation testing is a salient public issue and continues to escalate on the public agenda. Issues relevant to this milieu include legislative proposals to ban animal use for cosmetic testing, adequacy of the current standard (viz., the Draize Eye Irritancy Test), availability of non-animal methodologies, validation paradigm for new testing models, international harmonization of testing standards and methods, and the regulatory role in product testing and enforcement. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) feels that enactment of legislation proposed to ban animal use from testing products for safety would pose serious problems from a public health perspective. FDA encourages the development of alternative test methods and is aware that many such tests are in various stages of evolution. At this time, however, none of these tests has been accepted by the scientific community as total replacement to the Draize test. FDA's basic positions on the use of non-animal alternatives are as follows: 1) The use of animal tests by industry to establish the safety of regulated products is necessary to minimize the risks from such products to humans, 2) The Draize eye irritancy test is currently the most valuable and reliable method for evaluating the hazard or safety of a substance introduced into or around the human eye, and 3) No non-animal tests are presently available to completely replace the Draize. FDA is actively involved with U.S. and international groups to harmonize protocols for product development, evaluate the current status of non-whole animal methodologies, and standardize testing requirements. The Agency has recently participated in several scientific symposia evaluating the status of non-whole animal methods in toxicity testing. Moreover, FDA representatives are currently scheduled to participate in international meetings and workshops planned for the immediate future addressing several issues in product safety determination. JF - Lens and eye toxicity research AU - Wilcox, N L AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20855. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 259 EP - 271 VL - 9 IS - 3-4 SN - 1042-6922, 1042-6922 KW - Irritants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Consumer Product Safety -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods KW - Irritants -- toxicity KW - Animal Testing Alternatives -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Drug and Narcotic Control -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Eye -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73510828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lens+and+eye+toxicity+research&rft.atitle=The+status+of+eye+irritancy+testing%3A+a+regulatory+perspective.&rft.au=Wilcox%2C+N+L&rft.aulast=Wilcox&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lens+and+eye+toxicity+research&rft.issn=10426922&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-09 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A quantitative assessment of lung cancer risk and occupational cadmium exposure. AN - 73510659; 1303972 AB - We have performed a quantitative assessment of the risk of lung cancer from exposure to cadmium based on a retrospective cohort mortality study of cadmium-exposed workers. The findings were analysed using a life-table analysis to estimate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), and various functional forms of Poisson and Cox proportionate hazards models to examine dose-response relationships. An excess mortality from lung cancer was observed for the entire cohort (SMR = 149,95% CI = 95-222). Lung cancer mortality was significantly elevated among non-hispanic workers, among those in the highest cadmium-exposure group, and among workers with 20 or more years since first exposure. A statistically significant dose-response relationship was evident in nearly all of the regression analyses. Based on our analyses, the lifetime excess lung cancer risk at the current OSHA standard for cadmium fumes of 100 micrograms/m3 is approximately 50-111 lung cancer deaths per 1000 workers exposed to cadmium for 45 years. JF - IARC scientific publications AU - Stayner, L AU - Smith, R AU - Thun, M AU - Schnorr, T AU - Lemen, R AD - Division of Standards Development and Technology Transfer, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 447 EP - 455 IS - 118 SN - 0300-5038, 0300-5038 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Index Medicus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Lung Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Cadmium -- toxicity KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73510659?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.atitle=A+quantitative+assessment+of+lung+cancer+risk+and+occupational+cadmium+exposure.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L%3BSmith%2C+R%3BThun%2C+M%3BSchnorr%2C+T%3BLemen%2C+R&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=118&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=IARC+scientific+publications&rft.issn=03005038&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-06-30 N1 - Date created - 1993-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transplacental genotoxicity of triethylenemelamine, benzene, and vinblastine in mice. AN - 73491307; 1363495 AB - Transplacental cytogenetic effects of triethylenemelamine (TEM), benzene, and vinblastine on maternal mice and their fetuses have been investigated using micronucleus and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) as genetic endpoints. CD-1 mice were treated on day 14 and 15 of gestation with TEM (0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/kg), benzene (439,878, and 1,318 mg/kg), and vinblastine (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection at 24 hr intervals, and sacrificed 40 hr after the first injection. Erythrocytic precursor cells in maternal bone marrow and fetal livers (2-4) from each pregnant mouse were used for the micronucleus and/or the SCE analyses. Significant dose-related increases in both micronuclei and SCE were found in maternal bone marrow and fetal liver following TEM treatment. Benzene at the highest dose (1,318 mg/kg) also caused a significant increase in micronuclei and SCE in both maternal bone marrow and fetal liver cells. The embryonic genotoxic effect of TEM was much higher than that of benzene for both genetic endpoints, and the frequency of micronuclei induced by benzene was higher in fetal liver than in maternal bone marrow cells. Vinblastine, a spindle poison, induced micronuclei but not SCE. Micronuclei induction by vinblastine was 7 fold greater in maternal bone marrow than in fetal liver cells. All three chemicals were cytotoxic in maternal bone marrow cells, but not in fetal liver cells except for TEM, which showed a weak cytotoxicity in fetal liver cells in the micronucleus assay. These results indicate that TEM, benzene, and vinblastine are transplacental genotoxicants in mice. JF - Teratogenesis, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis AU - Xing, S G AU - Shi, X AU - Wu, Z L AU - Chen, J K AU - Wallace, W AU - Whong, W Z AU - Ong, T AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 223 EP - 230 VL - 12 IS - 5 SN - 0270-3211, 0270-3211 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Vinblastine KW - 5V9KLZ54CY KW - Triethylenemelamine KW - F7IY6HZG9D KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Bone Marrow Cells KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Bone Marrow -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Triethylenemelamine -- toxicity KW - Benzene -- administration & dosage KW - Triethylenemelamine -- administration & dosage KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange KW - Vinblastine -- administration & dosage KW - Benzene -- toxicity KW - Vinblastine -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73491307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Transplacental+genotoxicity+of+triethylenemelamine%2C+benzene%2C+and+vinblastine+in+mice.&rft.au=Xing%2C+S+G%3BShi%2C+X%3BWu%2C+Z+L%3BChen%2C+J+K%3BWallace%2C+W%3BWhong%2C+W+Z%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Xing&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Teratogenesis%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+and+mutagenesis&rft.issn=02703211&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-13 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical pathology testing in preclinical safety assessment: regulatory concerns. AN - 73491086; 1296281 JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Weissinger, J AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 509 EP - 12; discussion 513-4 VL - 20 IS - 3 Pt 2 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Toxicology -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Pathology, Clinical -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73491086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Clinical+pathology+testing+in+preclinical+safety+assessment%3A+regulatory+concerns.&rft.au=Weissinger%2C+J&rft.aulast=Weissinger&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3+Pt+2&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-04-22 N1 - Date created - 1993-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods of monitoring menstrual function in field studies: attitudes of working women. AN - 73386915; 1463920 AB - This study was designed to determine the attitudes and compliance of working women toward methods being evaluated for use in the assessment of the effects of toxicants on reproductive potential. Women such as the highly motivated fertility patients and nurses, who are typically familiar with the methods and procedures of fertility assessment and the value of medical research, have been used to validate such methods in a clinical setting. However, the attitudes of a general working female population toward these methods are unknown. Nine participants were selected on the bases, in part, of not seeking fertility assistance, working full-time but not in the medical field, and having less than one year of college education. Attitudes were also evaluated for 193 non-participating women to whom the procedures had been verbally described. Participants measured basal body temperature and salivary and vaginal mucous electrical resistance, evaluated cervical mucus manually (CME), and collected the first morning urine for two menstrual cycles. Blood, saliva, and transvaginal ultrasonograms (US) were obtained at a fertility clinic 6 to 9 days per cycle. Participants brought urine to the laboratory every 3 days. All participants performed all methods. Participants were paid $400; nonparticipants were not compensated. Only 3% of the respondents objected to the proposed methods: principally to CME, US, and giving blood samples. No respondent perceived the study as unimportant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Wright, D M AU - Kesner, J S AU - Schrader, S M AU - Chin, N W AU - Wells, V E AU - Krieg, E F AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 401 EP - 409 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ovulation Detection -- methods KW - Menstrual Cycle -- physiology KW - Attitude to Health KW - Patient Compliance KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Monitoring, Physiologic -- methods KW - Fertility -- physiology KW - Female KW - Women, Working KW - Menstruation -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73386915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Methods+of+monitoring+menstrual+function+in+field+studies%3A+attitudes+of+working+women.&rft.au=Wright%2C+D+M%3BKesner%2C+J+S%3BSchrader%2C+S+M%3BChin%2C+N+W%3BWells%2C+V+E%3BKrieg%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=401&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1993-01-15 N1 - Date created - 1993-01-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Experimental evaluation of antitoxic protective effect of new cholera vaccines in mice. AN - 73357869; 1441727 AB - Intraperitoneal immunization of mice and subsequent challenge with purified cholera toxin (CT) were employed to evaluate the anti-cholera toxin protective effect of two new oral cholera vaccines, live CVD 103-HgR and killed B subunit-whole cell (BS-WC). CVD 103-HgR vaccine demonstrated 100% protection of mice against 2.25 LD50 and 70% against 3 LD50 of CT. Mice immunized with BS-WC vaccine were protected against 2.25 and 3 LD50 of CT in 88 and 62% of cases, respectively. All three killed parenteral vaccines failed to protect against CT. We suggest this mouse system for preliminary evaluation of the antitoxic protective activity of cholera vaccines. JF - Vaccine AU - Dragunsky, E M AU - Rivera, E AU - Aaronson, W AU - Dolgaya, T M AU - Hochstein, H D AU - Habig, W H AU - Levenbook, I S AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 735 EP - 736 VL - 10 IS - 11 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Antitoxins KW - 0 KW - Cholera Vaccines KW - Cholera Toxin KW - 9012-63-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Injections, Intraperitoneal KW - Animals KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Mice KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Male KW - Immunization KW - Cholera Vaccines -- therapeutic use KW - Cholera Toxin -- administration & dosage KW - Cholera -- prevention & control KW - Antitoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Cholera Toxin -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73357869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Experimental+evaluation+of+antitoxic+protective+effect+of+new+cholera+vaccines+in+mice.&rft.au=Dragunsky%2C+E+M%3BRivera%2C+E%3BAaronson%2C+W%3BDolgaya%2C+T+M%3BHochstein%2C+H+D%3BHabig%2C+W+H%3BLevenbook%2C+I+S&rft.aulast=Dragunsky&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of case management to drug abuse treatment: overview of models and research issues. AN - 73342216; 1435992 JF - NIDA research monograph AU - Ridgely, M S AU - Willenbring, M L AD - Center for Mental Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 12 EP - 33 VL - 127 SN - 1046-9516, 1046-9516 KW - Index Medicus KW - Program Evaluation -- methods KW - Humans KW - Program Evaluation -- standards KW - Continuity of Patient Care -- standards KW - Patient Care Team -- organization & administration KW - Models, Organizational KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Health Services Research -- methods KW - Health Services Research -- standards KW - Patient Care Planning -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73342216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.atitle=Application+of+case+management+to+drug+abuse+treatment%3A+overview+of+models+and+research+issues.&rft.au=Ridgely%2C+M+S%3BWillenbring%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Ridgely&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.issn=10469516&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-21 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass sociogenic illness in a youth center. AN - 73320586; 1439062 AB - In July, 1989, 63 (42%) of 150 children ages 4-14 years attending an outreach program at a youth center in Florida, but no employees, developed acute and rapidly resolving upper gastrointestinal symptoms 2 to 40 minutes after a prepackaged lunch. All ill children were sent to 3 local hospital emergency departments for evaluation. However, clinical evaluation was normal for all. Of 102 children who ate any prepackaged foods, 48 (47%) became ill compared to 1/19 (5%) for children who did not eat (rate ratio [RR] = 8.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-60.9). No employees ate any of the food items served. Consumption of sandwiches was associated with a moderate increased risk of illness (RR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0-2.9). The attack rate did not differ by age, but was greater for girls (39/56, 70%) than for boys (9/46, 20%; [RR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.9-6.6]). Over 3,000 similar prepackaged meals from the same caterer were served in the same area of Florida that day. An inquiry in the area documented absence of similar symptoms elsewhere. Unopened meal samples tested negative for pesticide residues, heavy metals, staphylococcal toxin, or Bacillus cereus. We diagnosed the outbreak as mass sociogenic illness. Complaints of a bad tasting sandwich by the index case and possible staff anxiety about food poisoning may have contributed to the development of the outbreak. JF - Revue d'epidemiologie et de sante publique AU - Desenclos, J C AU - Gardner, H AU - Horan, M AD - Division of Field Services, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 201 EP - 208 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0398-7620, 0398-7620 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- etiology KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Food Analysis KW - Child KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Florida -- epidemiology KW - Child, Preschool KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- psychology KW - Mass Behavior KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Hysteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73320586?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+d%27epidemiologie+et+de+sante+publique&rft.atitle=Mass+sociogenic+illness+in+a+youth+center.&rft.au=Desenclos%2C+J+C%3BGardner%2C+H%3BHoran%2C+M&rft.aulast=Desenclos&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Revue+d%27epidemiologie+et+de+sante+publique&rft.issn=03987620&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-03 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toward a dynamic analysis of disease-state transition monitored by serial clinical laboratory tests. AN - 73314285; 1436011 JF - NIDA research monograph AU - Weng, T S AD - Division of Biometric Sciences, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 137 EP - 57; discussion 158-9 VL - 128 SN - 1046-9516, 1046-9516 KW - Buprenorphine KW - 40D3SCR4GZ KW - Methadone KW - UC6VBE7V1Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Methadone -- therapeutic use KW - Buprenorphine -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Stochastic Processes KW - Buprenorphine -- administration & dosage KW - Models, Statistical KW - Markov Chains KW - Methadone -- administration & dosage KW - Time Factors KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73314285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.atitle=Toward+a+dynamic+analysis+of+disease-state+transition+monitored+by+serial+clinical+laboratory+tests.&rft.au=Weng%2C+T+S&rft.aulast=Weng&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.issn=10469516&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-17 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Manual of food quality control. 4. Rev. 1. Microbiological analysis. Food and Drug Administration. AN - 73281098; 1426189 JF - FAO food and nutrition paper AU - Andrews, W AD - Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1 EP - 338 VL - 14 IS - 4 Revis 1 SN - 0254-4725, 0254-4725 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Quality Control KW - Food Preservation KW - Food Microbiology KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Fungi -- isolation & purification KW - Fungi -- growth & development KW - Food -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73281098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FAO+food+and+nutrition+paper&rft.atitle=Manual+of+food+quality+control.+4.+Rev.+1.+Microbiological+analysis.+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Andrews%2C+W&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4+Revis+1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FAO+food+and+nutrition+paper&rft.issn=02544725&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-12-16 N1 - Date created - 1992-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The national impact of alcohol and drug problems and HIV infection and AIDS among the poor and underserved. AN - 73226252; 1391385 JF - Journal of health care for the poor and underserved AU - Millstein, R A AD - National Institute on Drug Abuse, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 21 EP - 9; discussion 30-2 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1049-2089, 1049-2089 KW - Street Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Demography KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Delivery of Health Care KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Poverty KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73226252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+health+care+for+the+poor+and+underserved&rft.atitle=The+national+impact+of+alcohol+and+drug+problems+and+HIV+infection+and+AIDS+among+the+poor+and+underserved.&rft.au=Millstein%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Millstein&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+health+care+for+the+poor+and+underserved&rft.issn=10492089&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-11-12 N1 - Date created - 1992-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the mutagenicity of an N-nitroso contaminant of the sunscreen Padimate O: N-nitroso-N-methyl-p-aminobenzoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester (NPABAO). AN - 73212837; 1396609 AB - The nitrosamine contaminant, N-nitroso-N-methyl-p-aminobenzoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester (NPABAO), of the major sunscreen ingredient Padimate O (4-N,N'-dimethylamino-benzoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester) was synthesized and tested for mutagenicity in the Salmonella typhimurium and mouse lymphoma L5178Y TK +/- assays. In contrast to the previously reported positive responses in S. typhimurium tester strains TA100 and TA1535 [Loeppky et al., 1991], there were no increases in the number of revertants with strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, and TA1538 in either the Salmonella plate incorporation [Ames et al., 1975] or preincubation [Yahagi et al., 1977] assays. Additional testing with Salmonella, following the modified preincubation procedure [Rogan, 1990] that gave the initial positive response, was also negative. Data from the mouse lymphoma assays were also uniformly negative. During synthesis of NPABAO, small amounts of 4-N,N'-dimethylamino-3-nitrobenzoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester (DMANBAO) can be formed. To determine whether the reported positive mutagenicity response of NPABAO could be the result of trace amounts of DMANBAO in the NPABAO, that compound was also synthesized and tested for mutagenicity with Salmonella. Positive responses were obtained with tester strains TA98 and TA 1538 but not with TA100 and TA1535, indicating that DMANBAO was not responsible for the increase in revertants originally reported. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Dunkel, V C AU - San, R H AU - Harbell, J W AU - Seifried, H E AU - Cameron, T P AD - Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 188 EP - 198 VL - 20 IS - 3 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Nitrosamines KW - Sunscreening Agents KW - para-Aminobenzoates KW - 2-ethylhexyl 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino) benzoate KW - 122021-01-6 KW - 4-Aminobenzoic Acid KW - TL2TJE8QTX KW - padimate-O KW - Z11006CMUZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Contamination KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Mesocricetus KW - Lymphoma KW - Male KW - Cricetinae KW - Sunscreening Agents -- pharmacology KW - Sunscreening Agents -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- pharmacology KW - Mutagens -- analysis KW - 4-Aminobenzoic Acid -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- analysis KW - Mutagens -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73212837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+mutagenicity+of+an+N-nitroso+contaminant+of+the+sunscreen+Padimate+O%3A+N-nitroso-N-methyl-p-aminobenzoic+acid%2C+2-ethylhexyl+ester+%28NPABAO%29.&rft.au=Dunkel%2C+V+C%3BSan%2C+R+H%3BHarbell%2C+J+W%3BSeifried%2C+H+E%3BCameron%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Dunkel&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-11-17 N1 - Date created - 1992-11-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol and other drug abuse: changing lives through research and treatment. AN - 73209326; 1391375 JF - Journal of health care for the poor and underserved AU - Primm, B AD - Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1 EP - 17 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1049-2089, 1049-2089 KW - Street Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mental Disorders -- therapy KW - Humans KW - Mental Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Comorbidity KW - Mental Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Substance Abuse Detection KW - Poverty KW - Risk Factors KW - Delivery of Health Care KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Health Services Needs and Demand KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Alcoholism -- therapy KW - Alcoholism -- prevention & control KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73209326?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+health+care+for+the+poor+and+underserved&rft.atitle=Alcohol+and+other+drug+abuse%3A+changing+lives+through+research+and+treatment.&rft.au=Primm%2C+B&rft.aulast=Primm&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+health+care+for+the+poor+and+underserved&rft.issn=10492089&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-11-12 N1 - Date created - 1992-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Testing guidelines for evaluation of the immunotoxic potential of direct food additives. AN - 73182992; 1515046 AB - Immunotoxicity testing is a new addition to the safety assessment guidelines for direct food and color additives. The approaches and philosophy for this area of specialized testing are consistent with the case-by-case strategy applied in the regulatory approval process, which is based on structure-activity relationships, preexisting knowledge, and projected exposure estimates. Specialized testing such as immunotoxicity is not part of the basic testing requirements, but would be applied when indicators are positive. Concepts for immunotoxicity testing have evolved, in part, from research for evaluating various testing methods as well as specific study designs. This research, conducted over the last decade, has focused mainly on the rat as the rodent species of choice. The miniature swine was evaluated as a nonrodent model. Testing is defined by type 1 and type 2 tests, which differ in that type 1 tests are performed on the same animals used in the core study design. Sets of type 1 and type 2 tests, with reference to the indicators, define various testing levels. Retrospective testing, expansion of basic testing (such as histopathology and serum chemistry profiles), and alternative study designs, which include satellite groups for evaluation of the functional capacity of the immune system, can be considered in the evaluation of immunotoxic potential. JF - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition AU - Hinton, D M AD - Division of Toxicological Studies (HFF-162), Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 173 EP - 190 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 1040-8398, 1040-8398 KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Immunotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Immune System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Food Additives -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73182992?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.atitle=Testing+guidelines+for+evaluation+of+the+immunotoxic+potential+of+direct+food+additives.&rft.au=Hinton%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.issn=10408398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-02 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Revisions to the FDA's Redbook guidelines for toxicity testing: neurotoxicity. AN - 73180117; 1515045 AB - In 1982, the Food and Drug Administration issued a publication, known as the Redbook, that described the current toxicological principles used for the safety assessment of regulated food and color additives. However, this document contained only minimum reference to neurotoxicity as a specific toxicological concern and only general mention of the types of data that should be collected to detect and assess adverse changes to the nervous system. The general nature of the toxicological information typically derived from studies based on the original Redbook has had only limited use as a guide for comprehensive assessment of neurotoxic hazard. This limitation is one of the issues being addressed in the current efforts to update the information provided in the Redbook. In the revised Redbook, neurotoxicity, encompassing adverse structural and functional changes to the nervous system, is explicitly identified as an important criterion in the assessment of food chemical safety. The proposed strategy for evaluating neurotoxic hazard has a tiered testing approach. Accordingly, testing would initially involve the identification of chemicals presumptively associated with neurotoxic effects. As appropriate, subsequent testing would be carried out to confirm and delineate the scope of the neurotoxicity, to determine the dose response kinetics, and to define the no-adverse-effect levels. JF - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition AU - Sobotka, T J AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 165 EP - 171 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 1040-8398, 1040-8398 KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Food Coloring Agents KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Coloring Agents -- toxicity KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Food Additives -- adverse effects KW - Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Food Additives -- toxicity KW - Food Coloring Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73180117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.atitle=Revisions+to+the+FDA%27s+Redbook+guidelines+for+toxicity+testing%3A+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Sobotka%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Sobotka&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.issn=10408398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-02 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational exposures to aerosolized pharmaceuticals and control strategies. AN - 73179658; 1514061 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Decker, J A AU - Seitz, T A AU - Shults, R A AU - Deitchman, S AU - Tucker, S P AU - Belinky, B R AU - Clark, N J AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 100 EP - 102 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Ribavirin KW - 49717AWG6K KW - Pentamidine KW - 673LC5J4LQ KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Pentamidine -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Health Personnel KW - Pentamidine -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Ribavirin -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Ribavirin -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73179658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Occupational+exposures+to+aerosolized+pharmaceuticals+and+control+strategies.&rft.au=Decker%2C+J+A%3BSeitz%2C+T+A%3BShults%2C+R+A%3BDeitchman%2C+S%3BTucker%2C+S+P%3BBelinky%2C+B+R%3BClark%2C+N+J&rft.aulast=Decker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=100&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemiologic studies of adverse reproductive outcomes in working populations. AN - 73176671; 1514081 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Grajewski, B A AU - Schnorr, T M AD - Industrywide Studies Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 40 EP - 42 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Pregnancy Outcome -- epidemiology KW - Infertility -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73176671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Epidemiologic+studies+of+adverse+reproductive+outcomes+in+working+populations.&rft.au=Grajewski%2C+B+A%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Grajewski&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injuries and fatalities among health care workers in the United States. AN - 73175495; 1514099 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Stout, N A AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 88 EP - 89 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sprains and Strains -- epidemiology KW - Nurses' Aides -- statistics & numerical data KW - Nursing Homes -- manpower KW - Humans KW - Homicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Data Collection KW - Personnel, Hospital -- statistics & numerical data KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Cause of Death KW - Sprains and Strains -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Health Personnel -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73175495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Occupational+injuries+and+fatalities+among+health+care+workers+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Stout%2C+N+A&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey on occupational injury among older workers in the United States. AN - 73172520; 1387488 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Landen, D D AU - Hendricks, S A AD - Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West VA 26505. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 18 EP - 20 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Workers' Compensation KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - Mental Recall KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73172520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Estimates+from+the+National+Health+Interview+Survey+on+occupational+injury+among+older+workers+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Landen%2C+D+D%3BHendricks%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Landen&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Overview of FDA's Redbook guidelines. AN - 73170787; 1515044 AB - As part of its responsibility, the Food and Drug Administration provides guidance to industry and the public concerning the procedures and methods for safety assessment of food and color additives. The FDA published its guidelines in 1982 as the so-called "Redbook" ("Toxicological Principles for the Safety Assessment of Direct Food Additives and Color Additives Used in Food"). The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition of the FDA is now in the process of revising and updating the Redbook in light of developments in toxicological testing methods and comments from the scientific community and the public. The effort involves a number of center scientists who have special expertise in various areas of toxicology and food safety assessment. The goal is to make the revised Redbook more useful and practical and to address areas of safety assessment not covered in the 1982 edition. The several papers that follow deal with chapters that will be new to the Redbook. JF - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition AU - Kokoski, C J AD - Division of Toxicological Review and Evaluation, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 161 EP - 163 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 1040-8398, 1040-8398 KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Food Coloring Agents KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Coloring Agents -- toxicity KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Food Additives -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73170787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.atitle=Overview+of+FDA%27s+Redbook+guidelines.&rft.au=Kokoski%2C+C+J&rft.aulast=Kokoski&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.issn=10408398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-02 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of five polyurethane gastric bubbles following in vivo use: SEC, ATR-IR and DSC studies. AN - 73168953; 1520830 AB - Five Garren-Edwards Gastric Bubbles were characterized, following up to 4 months use in vivo, using size exclusion chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy. These techniques show that the material used to construct the bubble is probably an aromatic polyester urethane and revealed a 39-55% decrease in number average molecular weight, a 9 degrees C decrease in glass transition temperature, the disappearance of soft segment crystallinity and a broadening of the hard segment melting region after exposure to highly acidic (approximately pH 1.2) gastric fluid. The results indicate that significant chemical and morphological changes have taken place in the bubble material, including loss in chemical functionality, phase separation and increased hard segment aggregation. A comparison of the decrease in glass transition temperature as a function of molecular weight suggests that glass transition temperature is a sensitive predictor of this material's stability. Additionally, evidence is provided that the broad infrared absorption at 1077-1067 cm-1 normally assigned to C-O-C hard segment may represent two types of C-O-C stretching: (1) C-O-C stretching of the free urethane carbonyl, and (2) C-O-C stretching of the hydrogen bonded urethane carbonyl. JF - Biomaterials AU - Dillon, J G AU - Hughes, M K AD - Division of Mechanics and Materials Science, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 240 EP - 248 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0142-9612, 0142-9612 KW - Polyurethanes KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrophotometry, Infrared KW - Chromatography KW - Humans KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Materials Testing KW - Calorimetry, Differential Scanning KW - Polyurethanes -- metabolism KW - Polyurethanes -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73168953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+five+polyurethane+gastric+bubbles+following+in+vivo+use%3A+SEC%2C+ATR-IR+and+DSC+studies.&rft.au=Dillon%2C+J+G%3BHughes%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Dillon&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomaterials&rft.issn=01429612&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-13 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological monitoring for occupational exposures to ortho-toluidine and aniline. AN - 73167552; 1514095 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Stettler, L E AU - Savage, R E AU - Brown, K K AU - Cheever, K L AU - Weigel, W W AU - DeBord, D G AU - Teass, A W AU - Dankovic, D AU - Ward, E M AD - Applied Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 78 EP - 81 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Toluidines KW - aniline KW - SIR7XX2F1K KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Industry KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Toluidines -- analysis KW - Toluidines -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Aniline Compounds -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Aniline Compounds -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73167552?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Biological+monitoring+for+occupational+exposures+to+ortho-toluidine+and+aniline.&rft.au=Stettler%2C+L+E%3BSavage%2C+R+E%3BBrown%2C+K+K%3BCheever%2C+K+L%3BWeigel%2C+W+W%3BDeBord%2C+D+G%3BTeass%2C+A+W%3BDankovic%2C+D%3BWard%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Stettler&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=78&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of anesthetic gases in dental operatories. AN - 73167455; 1514062 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - McGlothlin, J D AU - Jensen, P A AU - Fischbach, T J AU - Hughes, R T AU - Jones, J H AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 103 EP - 105 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Nitrous Oxide KW - K50XQU1029 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Anesthesia, Dental -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Dentists KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Dental Assistants KW - Dental Offices KW - Nitrous Oxide -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Nitrous Oxide -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73167455?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Control+of+anesthetic+gases+in+dental+operatories.&rft.au=McGlothlin%2C+J+D%3BJensen%2C+P+A%3BFischbach%2C+T+J%3BHughes%2C+R+T%3BJones%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=McGlothlin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of interleukin 1 in pulmonary reactions induced by agricultural dusts. AN - 73167248; 1514093 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Lewis, D M AU - Stasny, A AU - Bledsoe, T A AD - Immunology Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 72 EP - 74 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Humans KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Chronic Disease KW - Monocytes KW - Cell Line KW - Agriculture KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Interleukin-1 -- analysis KW - Dust -- adverse effects KW - Lung Diseases -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73167248?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+interleukin+1+in+pulmonary+reactions+induced+by+agricultural+dusts.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+D+M%3BStasny%2C+A%3BBledsoe%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=72&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endotoxin and complement activation in an analysis of environmental dusts from a horse barn. AN - 73166530; 1514088 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Olenchock, S A AU - Murphy, S A AU - Mull, J C AU - Lewis, D M AD - Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 58 EP - 59 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Endotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Occupational Diseases -- immunology KW - Housing, Animal KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- immunology KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Horses -- immunology KW - Endotoxins -- analysis KW - Complement Activation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73166530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Endotoxin+and+complement+activation+in+an+analysis+of+environmental+dusts+from+a+horse+barn.&rft.au=Olenchock%2C+S+A%3BMurphy%2C+S+A%3BMull%2C+J+C%3BLewis%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Olenchock&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=58&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Perspectives on toxicological risk--an example: foodborne carcinogenic risk. AN - 73166420; 1515037 AB - Epidemiologists estimate that approximately one third of all cancer deaths can be attributed to diet. It is instructive to attempt to apportion this dietary carcinogenic risk to the specific classes of foodstuffs and food additives, pesticides, etc., that are typically regulated. When this is done it is evident that virtually all the calculated risk can be attributed to naturally occurring carcinogens in the diet. This article indicates that both epidemiological data and the simplest kind of risk assessment agree that foodborne carcinogenic risk probably overwhelmingly originates from the food itself and not from additives, pesticides, or contaminants. JF - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition AU - Scheuplein, R J AD - Office of Toxicological Sciences, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 105 EP - 121 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 1040-8398, 1040-8398 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Food Additives KW - Mycotoxins KW - Pesticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Food Additives -- adverse effects KW - Cooking KW - Pesticides -- adverse effects KW - Food KW - Food Contamination KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73166420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.atitle=Perspectives+on+toxicological+risk--an+example%3A+foodborne+carcinogenic+risk.&rft.au=Scheuplein%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Scheuplein&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.issn=10408398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-02 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reproductive toxicity of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and their acetates. AN - 73163896; 1514082 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Wess, J A AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 43 EP - 45 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Ethylene Glycols KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate KW - DG1O0Z7390 KW - 2-ethoxyethanol KW - IDK7C2HS09 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects KW - Ethylene Glycols -- metabolism KW - Ethylene Glycols -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Infertility -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73163896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Reproductive+toxicity+of+ethylene+glycol+monomethyl+ether%2C+ethylene+glycol+monoethyl+ether+and+their+acetates.&rft.au=Wess%2C+J+A&rft.aulast=Wess&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of analytical methods for agricultural chemicals. AN - 73162745; 1514090 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Kennedy, E R AU - Abell, M T AU - Reynolds, J AU - Wickman, D AD - Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 63 EP - 65 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Agrochemicals KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Organophosphorus Compounds KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Organophosphorus Compounds -- analysis KW - Filtration KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Specimen Handling -- methods KW - Specimen Handling -- instrumentation KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Agrochemicals -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73162745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Development+of+analytical+methods+for+agricultural+chemicals.&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+E+R%3BAbell%2C+M+T%3BReynolds%2C+J%3BWickman%2C+D&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Continued need for strategies to prevent needlestick injuries and occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens. AN - 73161751; 1514101 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Martin, L S AU - Hudson, C A AU - Strine, P W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 94 EP - 96 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - United States KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Humans KW - Hepatitis B -- transmission KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Blood -- microbiology KW - Needlestick Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Health Personnel UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73161751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Continued+need+for+strategies+to+prevent+needlestick+injuries+and+occupational+exposures+to+bloodborne+pathogens.&rft.au=Martin%2C+L+S%3BHudson%2C+C+A%3BStrine%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational fatalities in the fishing, logging and air transport industries in Alaska, 1991. AN - 73157974; 1514087 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Helmkamp, J C AU - Kennedy, R D AU - Fosbroke, D E AU - Myers, M L AD - Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West VA 26505. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 55 EP - 57 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Death Certificates KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Population Surveillance KW - Aviation KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Fisheries KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Forestry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73157974?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Occupational+fatalities+in+the+fishing%2C+logging+and+air+transport+industries+in+Alaska%2C+1991.&rft.au=Helmkamp%2C+J+C%3BKennedy%2C+R+D%3BFosbroke%2C+D+E%3BMyers%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Helmkamp&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of salivary immunoglobulin A as an immunologic biomarker of job stress. AN - 73157937; 1514073 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Henningsen, G M AU - Hurrell, J J AU - Baker, F AU - Douglas, C AU - MacKenzie, B A AU - Robertson, S K AU - Phipps, F C AD - Applied Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 133 EP - 136 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin A KW - Immunoglobulins KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Immunoglobulin A -- analysis KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Pilot Projects KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Female KW - Saliva -- immunology KW - Employment -- psychology KW - Immunoglobulins -- analysis KW - Stress, Psychological -- immunology KW - Occupational Diseases -- immunology KW - Occupational Diseases -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73157937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+salivary+immunoglobulin+A+as+an+immunologic+biomarker+of+job+stress.&rft.au=Henningsen%2C+G+M%3BHurrell%2C+J+J%3BBaker%2C+F%3BDouglas%2C+C%3BMacKenzie%2C+B+A%3BRobertson%2C+S+K%3BPhipps%2C+F+C&rft.aulast=Henningsen&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ergonomic analysis to characterize task constraint and repetitiveness as risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in telecommunication office work. AN - 73157893; 1514070 AB - A modified activity analysis procedure was devised to quantify the presence of two task attributes identified in previous research as contributing to an increase in work demands and ergonomic hazards. The purpose of this study was to develop an exposure index based on the presence of two task attributes. The utility of this job activity analysis will, of course, be determined by the extent to which workers with varying degrees of muscular pain and discomfort correspond to the risk exposure group we have described. The results of both the medical and psychological assessments of the workers--contained in the final HETA report--will be used to assess the utility of our method and determine whether the task attributes of constraint and repetitiveness contribute to the onset of cumulative trauma disorders among clerical workers. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Putz-Anderson, V AU - Doyle, G T AU - Hales, T R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 123 EP - 126 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cumulative Trauma Disorders -- etiology KW - Video Recording KW - Human Engineering KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- etiology KW - Office Automation KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Telecommunications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73157893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Ergonomic+analysis+to+characterize+task+constraint+and+repetitiveness+as+risk+factors+for+musculoskeletal+disorders+in+telecommunication+office+work.&rft.au=Putz-Anderson%2C+V%3BDoyle%2C+G+T%3BHales%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Putz-Anderson&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of environmental histamine from agricultural dust. AN - 73155742; 1514089 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Siegel, P D AU - Shahan, T A AU - Sorenson, W G AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 60 EP - 62 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Histamine KW - 820484N8I3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Radioimmunoassay KW - Agriculture KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Histamine -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73155742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+environmental+histamine+from+agricultural+dust.&rft.au=Siegel%2C+P+D%3BShahan%2C+T+A%3BSorenson%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=60&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Data gaps and new methodologies in the assessment of male fecundity in occupational field studies. AN - 73155691; 1514078 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Schrader, S M AD - Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 30 EP - 32 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Spermatozoa -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological -- chemically induced KW - Neurosecretory Systems -- drug effects KW - Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological -- diagnosis KW - Male KW - Semen -- drug effects KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Infertility, Male -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73155691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Data+gaps+and+new+methodologies+in+the+assessment+of+male+fecundity+in+occupational+field+studies.&rft.au=Schrader%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Schrader&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational musculoskeletal disorders among supermarket cashiers. AN - 73155646; 1514071 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Baron, S L AU - Habes, D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 127 EP - 129 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Human Engineering KW - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Food KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Commerce KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73155646?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Occupational+musculoskeletal+disorders+among+supermarket+cashiers.&rft.au=Baron%2C+S+L%3BHabes%2C+D&rft.aulast=Baron&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of biomarkers of occupational musculoskeletal disorders in epidemiology and laboratory animal model development. AN - 73154805; 1514098 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Mastin, J P AU - Henningsen, G M AU - Fine, L J AD - Applied Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 85 EP - 87 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cumulative Trauma Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Osteoarthritis -- diagnosis KW - Chronic Disease KW - Research KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73154805?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Use+of+biomarkers+of+occupational+musculoskeletal+disorders+in+epidemiology+and+laboratory+animal+model+development.&rft.au=Mastin%2C+J+P%3BHenningsen%2C+G+M%3BFine%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=Mastin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=85&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications for the use of E codes of the International Classification of Diseases and narrative data in identifying tractor-related deaths in agriculture, United States, 1980-1986. AN - 73154478; 1514084 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Jenkins, E L AU - Hard, D L AD - Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West VA 26505. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 49 EP - 50 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - International Cooperation KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Cause of Death KW - Agriculture -- instrumentation KW - Accidents, Occupational -- classification KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73154478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Implications+for+the+use+of+E+codes+of+the+International+Classification+of+Diseases+and+narrative+data+in+identifying+tractor-related+deaths+in+agriculture%2C+United+States%2C+1980-1986.&rft.au=Jenkins%2C+E+L%3BHard%2C+D+L&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reference values for amplitudes and conduction velocities obtained from a cohort of middle-aged and retired workers. AN - 73152300; 1514076 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Davis-King, K E AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Wille, K K AU - Steenland, K AU - Arezzo, J C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert A Taft Laboratories, Cincinnati, OH 45225. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 24 EP - 26 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Reference Values KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Electrophysiology KW - Retirement KW - Male KW - Neural Conduction -- physiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Peripheral Nerves -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73152300?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Reference+values+for+amplitudes+and+conduction+velocities+obtained+from+a+cohort+of+middle-aged+and+retired+workers.&rft.au=Davis-King%2C+K+E%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BWille%2C+K+K%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BArezzo%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Davis-King&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychosocial and work organization risk factors for cumulative trauma disorders in the hands and wrists of newspaper employees. AN - 73152266; 1514068 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Bernard, B AU - Sauter, S L AU - Fine, L J AU - Petersen, M R AU - Hales, T R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Cincinnati, Ohio 45213. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 119 EP - 120 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Joint Diseases -- etiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Computer Terminals KW - Hand KW - Wrist Joint KW - Cumulative Trauma Disorders -- etiology KW - Newspapers as Topic KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73152266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Psychosocial+and+work+organization+risk+factors+for+cumulative+trauma+disorders+in+the+hands+and+wrists+of+newspaper+employees.&rft.au=Bernard%2C+B%3BSauter%2C+S+L%3BFine%2C+L+J%3BPetersen%2C+M+R%3BHales%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Bernard&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Study design for the characterization of aerosols during surgical procedures. AN - 73152218; 1514063 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Smith, J AU - Yeh, H C AU - Muggenburg, B AU - Guilmette, R AU - Martin, L S AU - Strine, P W AD - Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Cincinnati, OH 45237. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 106 EP - 109 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Surgical Equipment KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Humans KW - Dogs KW - Hip Prosthesis KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Research Design KW - Electrocoagulation KW - Aerosols -- analysis KW - Health Personnel KW - Surgical Procedures, Operative KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73152218?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Study+design+for+the+characterization+of+aerosols+during+surgical+procedures.&rft.au=Smith%2C+J%3BYeh%2C+H+C%3BMuggenburg%2C+B%3BGuilmette%2C+R%3BMartin%2C+L+S%3BStrine%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health to an occupational health risk from exposure to ortho-toluidine and aniline. AN - 73151126; 1514097 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Ruder, A M AU - Ward, E M AU - Roberts, D R AU - Teass, A W AU - Brown, K K AU - Fingerhut, M A AU - Stettler, L E AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 82 EP - 84 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - Toluidines KW - aniline KW - SIR7XX2F1K KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Incidence KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Toluidines -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Toluidines -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Aniline Compounds -- analysis KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Aniline Compounds -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73151126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Response+of+the+National+Institute+for+Occupational+Safety+and+Health+to+an+occupational+health+risk+from+exposure+to+ortho-toluidine+and+aniline.&rft.au=Ruder%2C+A+M%3BWard%2C+E+M%3BRoberts%2C+D+R%3BTeass%2C+A+W%3BBrown%2C+K+K%3BFingerhut%2C+M+A%3BStettler%2C+L+E&rft.aulast=Ruder&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=82&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating the safety of food and color additives with pharmacokinetic data. AN - 73145189; 1515047 AB - Pharmacokinetic studies are designed to quantify, as a function of time, the processes associated with absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a chemical in experimental animals or in humans. Such studies have played an important role in drug safety evaluation and could be very useful in the safety evaluation of food and color additives. This presentation provides an overview of the potential use of metabolic and pharmacokinetic data in the design and evaluation of toxicological studies and in the assessment of the potential hazard to humans from exposure to food or color additives. JF - Critical reviews in food science and nutrition AU - Lin, C S AD - Division of Toxicological Review and Evaluation, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. 20204. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 191 EP - 195 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 1040-8398, 1040-8398 KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Food Coloring Agents KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Food Coloring Agents -- toxicity KW - Food Coloring Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Food Additives -- toxicity KW - Food Additives -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73145189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+safety+of+food+and+color+additives+with+pharmacokinetic+data.&rft.au=Lin%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+food+science+and+nutrition&rft.issn=10408398&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-02 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A model agricultural health promotion systems program for building state-based agricultural safety and health infrastructures. AN - 73143096; 1514083 JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Hard, D L AU - Myers, J R AU - Stout, N A AU - Pizatella, T J AD - Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West VA 26505. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 46 EP - 48 VL - 18 Suppl 2 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Information Systems KW - State Government KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Agriculture KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Health Promotion -- organization & administration KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73143096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=A+model+agricultural+health+promotion+systems+program+for+building+state-based+agricultural+safety+and+health+infrastructures.&rft.au=Hard%2C+D+L%3BMyers%2C+J+R%3BStout%2C+N+A%3BPizatella%2C+T+J&rft.aulast=Hard&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date created - 1992-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunological homology among azoreductases from Clostridium and Eubacterium strains isolated from human intestinal microflora. AN - 73142247; 1512704 AB - Azoreductases from several anaerobic intestinal bacteria have been shown to reduce azo dyes to carcinogenic aromatic amines. To evaluate the structural similarities of azoreductases from four species of Clostridium and one species of Eubacterium, a polyclonal antibody against purified Clostridium perfringens azoreductase was generated in rabbits. This antibody inhibited the azoreductase activity of all five bacteria tested. ELISA showed different degrees of binding of the antibody to various species of bacteria. In a Western blot, the antibody reacted with the purified azoreductases from all four Clostridium species and the Eubacterium species. These results demonstrate that the azoreductases from the bacteria tested share similar antigenic domains, which are probably located in the active site of the enzyme. Azoreductases from these intestinal bacteria are similar enough to be considered as a single group of enzymes with respect to their functions and antigenicity. JF - Journal of basic microbiology AU - Rafii, F AU - Smith, D B AU - Benson, R W AU - Cerniglia, C E AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 99 EP - 105 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0233-111X, 0233-111X KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.6.- KW - azoreductase KW - Index Medicus KW - Blotting, Western KW - Humans KW - Cross Reactions KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases -- immunology KW - Clostridium -- immunology KW - NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases -- classification KW - Eubacterium -- immunology KW - Intestines -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73142247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+basic+microbiology&rft.atitle=Immunological+homology+among+azoreductases+from+Clostridium+and+Eubacterium+strains+isolated+from+human+intestinal+microflora.&rft.au=Rafii%2C+F%3BSmith%2C+D+B%3BBenson%2C+R+W%3BCerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Rafii&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+basic+microbiology&rft.issn=0233111X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-30 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - N,N'-diethyl-m-toluamide (m-DET): analysis of an insect repellent in human urine and serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. AN - 73082919; 1640692 AB - A procedure for monitoring m-DET in human urine and serum is described. m-DET is removed from the urine specimen by partitioning into diethyl ether, but solid-phase extraction is used to remove it from human serum. The urine and serum m-DET values are determined by HPLC with a UV detector. The limit of detection was 0.09 micrograms/mL in urine and 0.09 micrograms/g for serum. The percent of m-DET recovered from human urine spiked between 0.50 and 8.00 micrograms/mL was 90 +/- 5.4%. For human serum spiked between 0.25 and 10.00, the percent recovered was 96 +/- 5.9%. The pooled relative standard deviations (RSD) for spiked matrices were 0.06 for urine and 0.06 for serum. JF - Journal of analytical toxicology AU - Smallwood, A W AU - DeBord, K E AU - Lowry, L K AD - Food and Drug Administration, National Forensic Chemistry Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45202. PY - 1992 SP - 10 EP - 13 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0146-4760, 0146-4760 KW - Insect Repellents KW - 0 KW - DEET KW - 134-62-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Drug Stability KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - DEET -- urine KW - Insect Repellents -- analysis KW - DEET -- analysis KW - Insect Repellents -- urine KW - Insect Repellents -- blood KW - DEET -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73082919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.atitle=N%2CN%27-diethyl-m-toluamide+%28m-DET%29%3A+analysis+of+an+insect+repellent+in+human+urine+and+serum+by+high-performance+liquid+chromatography.&rft.au=Smallwood%2C+A+W%3BDeBord%2C+K+E%3BLowry%2C+L+K&rft.aulast=Smallwood&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+analytical+toxicology&rft.issn=01464760&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-09-03 N1 - Date created - 1992-09-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Low-dose radiation carcinogenesis. AN - 73042038; 1627365 JF - European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) AU - Modan, B AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, Hyattsville, Maryland 20782. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1010 EP - 1012 VL - 28A IS - 6-7 SN - 0959-8049, 0959-8049 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Neoplasms, Second Primary -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Child KW - Male KW - Female KW - Radiation, Ionizing KW - Child, Preschool KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73042038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+journal+of+cancer+%28Oxford%2C+England+%3A+1990%29&rft.atitle=Low-dose+radiation+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Modan%2C+B&rft.aulast=Modan&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=28A&rft.issue=6-7&rft.spage=1010&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+journal+of+cancer+%28Oxford%2C+England+%3A+1990%29&rft.issn=09598049&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-17 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discussion: dilemmas in research in perinatal addiction--intervention issues. AN - 73034120; 1620206 JF - NIDA research monograph AU - Finnegan, L P AD - National Institute of Drug Abuse, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20857. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 344 EP - 348 VL - 117 SN - 1046-9516, 1046-9516 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Pregnancy Complications -- therapy KW - Pregnancy Complications -- chemically induced KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73034120?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.atitle=Discussion%3A+dilemmas+in+research+in+perinatal+addiction--intervention+issues.&rft.au=Finnegan%2C+L+P&rft.aulast=Finnegan&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=&rft.spage=344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=NIDA+research+monograph&rft.issn=10469516&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-06 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA regulations for growth factors and related products. AN - 73031962; 1617242 AB - Biological products, including the majority of growth factors, are regulated by the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (U.S.FDA) under two statutes; U.S. Federal Food Drug and Cosmetics (FDC) act and the U.S. Public Health Service act. As stipulated in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR) under the FDC act, the testing of new products in humans is conducted under an Investigational New Drug (IND) application. The primary objective of the FDA in all Phases of an investigation is assure safety of human subjects. During phase II and phase III studies, additional assurance regarding the scientific quality of the clinical investigation is required. A marketing approval is granted by CBER following the review of Product License Applications (PLA) and Establishment License Applications (ELA). CBER's review process provides guidance to the manufacturers of biological products towards the development of safe and effective biological products for human use. Information pertinent to preclinical issues and clinical trial design is presented here with a special emphasis on the non-hematopoietic growth factors. JF - EXS AU - Chapekar, M S AU - Gunter, K C AD - Cytokine and Cellular Biology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20892. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 471 EP - 478 VL - 61 SN - 1023-294X, 1023-294X KW - Growth Substances KW - 0 KW - Immunologic Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Evaluation KW - United States Public Health Service KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Growth Substances -- therapeutic use KW - Immunologic Factors -- toxicity KW - Immunologic Factors -- therapeutic use KW - Immunologic Factors -- standards KW - Growth Substances -- standards KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Growth Substances -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73031962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EXS&rft.atitle=FDA+regulations+for+growth+factors+and+related+products.&rft.au=Chapekar%2C+M+S%3BGunter%2C+K+C&rft.aulast=Chapekar&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=&rft.spage=471&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EXS&rft.issn=1023294X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-06 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA adduct formation and aromatic amine tumorigenesis. AN - 73029211; 1620719 JF - Progress in clinical and biological research AU - Beland, F A AU - Fullerton, N F AU - Smith, B A AU - Poirier, M C AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 79 EP - 92 VL - 374 SN - 0361-7742, 0361-7742 KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - 4-biphenylamine KW - 16054949HJ KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Cell Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Male KW - Female KW - Urinary Bladder -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- toxicity KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Aminobiphenyl Compounds -- metabolism KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73029211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.atitle=DNA+adduct+formation+and+aromatic+amine+tumorigenesis.&rft.au=Beland%2C+F+A%3BFullerton%2C+N+F%3BSmith%2C+B+A%3BPoirier%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=374&rft.issue=&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Progress+in+clinical+and+biological+research&rft.issn=03617742&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-08-04 N1 - Date created - 1992-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reversible inhibition of intercellular communication among cardiac myocytes by halogenated hydrocarbons. AN - 73001560; 1601210 AB - We examined the effect of 11 aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons on the transfer of microinjected dye among cardiac myocytes from neonatal rats. Myocytes were suffused with increasing concentrations of halocarbon added as a 0.2% solution of dimethyl sulfoxide to M199 containing 1.8 mM Ca and 5% serum. Single cells were microinjected with the fluorescent probe Lucifer yellow (5% in 0.1 mM LiCl) and dye coupling to adjacent cells was monitored. All of the halocarbons tested exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on intercellular communication that was reversible following washout of the compounds. Intercellular communication was blocked within 1 min of exposure to an effective concentration, and recovery of communication occurred even after 2 hr of exposure. Pretreatment of cells with SKF 525-A (25 microM) did not prevent the inhibition of intercellular communication by carbon tetrachloride suggesting an absence of P-450 involvement. EC50s were calculated for each chemical using probit analysis. A log-log comparison of the EC50s and the physicochemical properties of the chemicals demonstrated a high correlation (R2 = 0.933) between the EC50s and the octanol/water partition coefficients of the halocarbons. This suggests that incorporation of halocarbons in the membrane may block intercellular communication through modification of the immediate environment of the gap junctions. The results are in agreement with the hypothesis that inhibition of gap junctional communication is a factor in the arrhythmogenic effects of acute halocarbon exposure. JF - Fundamental and applied toxicology : official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Toraason, M AU - Breitenstein, M J AU - Wey, H E AD - Cellular Toxicology Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1992/01// PY - 1992 DA - January 1992 SP - 59 EP - 65 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated KW - 0 KW - Isoquinolines KW - lucifer yellow KW - 9654F8OVKE KW - Proadifen KW - A510CA4CBT KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Regression Analysis KW - Animals KW - Proadifen -- pharmacology KW - Cell Survival -- drug effects KW - Chemistry, Physical KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Chemical Phenomena KW - Microinjections KW - Animals, Newborn -- physiology KW - Myocardium -- cytology KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- toxicity KW - Cell Communication -- drug effects KW - Hydrocarbons, Halogenated -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73001560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Reversible+inhibition+of+intercellular+communication+among+cardiac+myocytes+by+halogenated+hydrocarbons.&rft.au=Toraason%2C+M%3BBreitenstein%2C+M+J%3BWey%2C+H+E&rft.aulast=Toraason&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+applied+toxicology+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-15 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Foot currents and ankle SARs induced by dielectric heaters. AN - 72967324; 1590810 AB - Data are presented on ankle-specific SARs and foot currents as a function of strengths of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields encountered by operators of dielectric heaters. The determination of foot currents was based on near-field exposures in which reactive coupling dominates, and which can result in substantial SARs in exposed workers. The operators were located less than one wavelength from--usually within one meter of--the dielectric heaters, which generated fields at frequencies from 6.5 to 65 MHz. At distances normally assumed by workers, maximal strengths of electric fields ranged from 10(4) to 2.4 x 10(6) V2/m2; maximal strengths of magnetic fields ranged from 5.0 x 10(-3) to 33.3 A2/m2. Currents through both feet to ground were measured while operators stood where they normally worked. Maximal currents ranged from 3 to 617 mA, rms. Nearly 27 percent of the dielectric heaters induced foot currents that exceeded the 200-mA limit that has been proposed for a new ANSI C95.1 standard. Twenty percent of the heaters induced foot currents that exceeded 350 mA. SARs in ankles were calculated from foot currents, and they approximated 5 W/kg at 100 mA, 29 W/kg at 250 mA, and 57 W/kg at 350 mA. The maximal SAR in the ankle was approximately 176 W/kg at 617 mA. JF - Bioelectromagnetics AU - Conover, D L AU - Moss, C E AU - Murray, W E AU - Edwards, R M AU - Cox, C AU - Grajewski, B AU - Werren, D M AU - Smith, J M AD - Physical Agents Effects Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 103 EP - 110 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0197-8462, 0197-8462 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Electric Conductivity KW - Foot KW - Electromagnetic Fields -- adverse effects KW - Heating -- instrumentation KW - Ankle UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72967324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioelectromagnetics&rft.atitle=Foot+currents+and+ankle+SARs+induced+by+dielectric+heaters.&rft.au=Conover%2C+D+L%3BMoss%2C+C+E%3BMurray%2C+W+E%3BEdwards%2C+R+M%3BCox%2C+C%3BGrajewski%2C+B%3BWerren%2C+D+M%3BSmith%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Conover&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioelectromagnetics&rft.issn=01978462&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-19 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of bromodeoxyuridine on the proliferation and growth of ethyl methanesulfonate-exposed P3 cells: relationship to the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges. AN - 72957045; 1591624 AB - Although sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis is recognized as an indicator of exposure to DNA-damaging agents, the results of these analyses have been confounded by the use of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) to differentially label the sister chromatids. Not only does BrdUrd itself induce SCE, it also modulates the frequency of SCE induced by certain DNA-damaging agents. In order to examine this effect of BrdUrd on SCE frequency, an indirect method which lends itself to measurements both with and without BrdUrd was employed. Human teratocarcinoma-derived (P3) cells were exposed to ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and cultured with increasing concentrations of BrdUrd for lengths of time corresponding to one, two, and three generations of cell growth. At each time point, the distribution of nuclei among the phases of the cell-cycle and cell growth were evaluated for each concentration and chemical. A statistical model was employed which tested both for the main effects of chemicals and culture times and for interactions between these factors. Both EMS and BrdUrd significantly affected the percentages of nuclei within the cell-cycle. Exposure to EMS resulted in decreases in the percentages of nuclei in G0 + G1 and increases in the G2 + M compartment. Exposure to BrdUrd affected the size of the G0 + G1 compartment as well as the percentage of S-phase nuclei. Cell growth was reduced as a consequence of increasing EMS concentration and as a function of BrdUrd concentration; the effects of these chemicals were more readily apparent at the later time points. Most importantly, for both the cell-cycle kinetics data and the cell growth data, no evidence of an interaction between the effects of EMS and the effects of BrdUrd was detected statistically. These results may be interpreted to mean that while both EMS and BrdUrd affect the induction of SCE, under the conditions of this experiment, the effects are additive rather than interactive. JF - Cell biology and toxicology AU - Morris, S M AU - Domon, O E AU - McGarrity, L J AU - Kodell, R L AU - Casciano, D A AD - Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas. PY - 1992 SP - 75 EP - 87 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 0742-2091, 0742-2091 KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate KW - 9H154DI0UP KW - Bromodeoxyuridine KW - G34N38R2N1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - Bromodeoxyuridine -- pharmacology KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate -- pharmacology KW - Sister Chromatid Exchange -- drug effects KW - Cell Division -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72957045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+bromodeoxyuridine+on+the+proliferation+and+growth+of+ethyl+methanesulfonate-exposed+P3+cells%3A+relationship+to+the+induction+of+sister-chromatid+exchanges.&rft.au=Morris%2C+S+M%3BDomon%2C+O+E%3BMcGarrity%2C+L+J%3BKodell%2C+R+L%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell+biology+and+toxicology&rft.issn=07422091&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-07-02 N1 - Date created - 1992-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eye abnormality in Drosophila melanogaster exposed to 5-fluorouracil during development. AN - 72956888; 1591484 JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Lynch, D W AU - Schuler, R L AU - Davis, D G AU - Hood, R D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 263 EP - 265 VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Fluorouracil KW - U3P01618RT KW - Index Medicus KW - Drosophila melanogaster -- embryology KW - Animals KW - Drosophila melanogaster -- drug effects KW - Fluorouracil -- toxicity KW - Eye Abnormalities -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72956888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Eye+abnormality+in+Drosophila+melanogaster+exposed+to+5-fluorouracil+during+development.&rft.au=Lynch%2C+D+W%3BSchuler%2C+R+L%3BDavis%2C+D+G%3BHood%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-26 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of low toxicity adjuvants and killed virus to induce protective immunity against the Friend murine leukaemia retrovirus-induced disease. AN - 72910600; 1574922 AB - Low toxic and synthetic adjuvants were investigated in the induction of protective immunity against Friend murine retrovirus-induced erythroleukaemia by immunization with inactivated Friend murine leukaemia helper virus (F-MuLV). 6-O-(2-tetradecyl-hexadecanoyl)-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (B30-MDP) showed a significant enhancement of the protective immunity against Friend virus-induced erythroleukaemia not only in H-2a/b mice known to make good immune responses to F-MuLV envelope, but also in H-2a/a mice which are usually unable to respond to F-MuLV envelope protein. Another analogue of N-acetylmuramyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), N alpha-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-N epsilon-stearoyl-L-lysine [MDP-Lys(L18)], which has been shown to enhance non-specific protective activity against bacterial and viral infections, however, showed no adjuvant activity in the present system. A combined adjuvant of the synthesized mycobacterial cord factor, trehalose dimycolate (TDM) and detoxified bacterial endotoxin, monophosphoryl lipid A from Salmonella minnesota, gave good protection which was comparable to complete Freund's adjuvant in both H-2a/b and H-2a/a mice. JF - Vaccine AU - Ishihara, C AU - Miyazawa, M AU - Nishio, J AU - Azuma, I AU - Chesebro, B AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 353 EP - 356 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic KW - 0 KW - Vaccines, Inactivated KW - Viral Vaccines KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Vaccines, Inactivated -- immunology KW - Mice KW - Immunization KW - Leukemia, Experimental -- prevention & control KW - Friend murine leukemia virus -- immunology KW - Viral Vaccines -- immunology KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72910600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Use+of+low+toxicity+adjuvants+and+killed+virus+to+induce+protective+immunity+against+the+Friend+murine+leukaemia+retrovirus-induced+disease.&rft.au=Ishihara%2C+C%3BMiyazawa%2C+M%3BNishio%2C+J%3BAzuma%2C+I%3BChesebro%2C+B&rft.aulast=Ishihara&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-06-02 N1 - Date created - 1992-06-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Old and new reflections on dioxin. AN - 72859456; 1554814 JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Fingerhut, M A AU - Steenland, K AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Halperin, W E AU - Piacitelli, L A AU - Marlow, D A AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control, Cincinnati, OH 45226. Y1 - 1992/01// PY - 1992 DA - January 1992 SP - 69 EP - 72 VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Dioxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Soft Tissue Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Sarcoma -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Soft Tissue Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Sarcoma -- chemically induced KW - Dioxins -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72859456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Old+and+new+reflections+on+dioxin.&rft.au=Fingerhut%2C+M+A%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BHalperin%2C+W+E%3BPiacitelli%2C+L+A%3BMarlow%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Fingerhut&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-05-07 N1 - Date created - 1992-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detoxification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by fungi. AN - 72857175; 1367975 AB - The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of hazardous environmental pollutants, many of which are acutely toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic. A diverse group of fungi, including Aspergillus ochraceus, Cunninghamella elegans, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Syncephalastrum racemosum, have the ability to oxidize PAHs. The PAHs anthracene, benz[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene, as well as several methyl-, nitro-, and fluoro-substituted PAHs, are metabolized by one or more of these fungi. Unsubstituted PAHs are oxidized initially to arene oxides, trans-dihydrodiols, phenols, quinones, and tetralones. Phenols and trans-dihydrodiols may be further metabolized, and thus detoxified, by conjugation with sulfate, glucuronic acid, glucose, or xylose. Although dihydrodiol epoxides and other mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds have been detected as minor fungal metabolites of a few PAHs, most transformations performed by fungi reduce the mutagenicity and thus detoxify the PAHs. JF - Journal of industrial microbiology AU - Sutherland, J B AD - Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079. Y1 - 1992/01// PY - 1992 DA - January 1992 SP - 53 EP - 61 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 0169-4146, 0169-4146 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Mutagens KW - Polycyclic Compounds KW - Biotechnology KW - Environmental Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Fungi -- metabolism KW - Environmental Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Polycyclic Compounds -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72857175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+industrial+microbiology&rft.atitle=Detoxification+of+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbons+by+fungi.&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+J+B&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+industrial+microbiology&rft.issn=01694146&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-28 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transduction of a signal for arachidonic acid metabolism by untriggered CSF-1 receptor induces an opposite effect to that induced by CSF-1 receptor and its ligand: separate regulation of phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase by CSF-1 receptor/CSF-1. AN - 72841333; 1532099 AB - The mouse hematopoietic cell line, 32D, was transfected with c-fms, which encodes for the CSF-1 receptor, a tyrosine kinase (TK). In the absence of CSF-1, transfected cells show moderate levels of arachidonic acid (AA) release and produce a substantial amount of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in comparison with the original cell line. Exposure of transfected cells to CSF-1, while inducing a substantial increase in arachidonate release, nevertheless resulted in inhibition of PGE2 production. Addition of ST638, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, to cells transfected with c-fms in the absence of CSF-1 inhibited PGE2 production within 10-60 min. Its addition to the same cells in the presence of CSF-1 induced an opposite effect, but required longer treatment (24 h). In either cell type, AA release was not affected by this agent. These data indicate that CSF-1 may regulate cyclooxygenase activity. The different effect of CSF-1 receptor on PGE2 production in the presence or absence of CSF-1 and the opposite effect of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor on PGE2 suggest that both the receptor alone or the receptor-ligand complex may transduce an active, but different, signal through tyrosine phosphorylation. CSF-1 receptor and CSF-1 may exert separate, but related, effects on phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase activity which, in concert, or along with other tyrosine kinases, regulate prostaglandin production. JF - Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids AU - Puri, J AU - Pierce, J H AU - Hoffman, T AD - Division of Hematology, US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Y1 - 1992/01// PY - 1992 DA - January 1992 SP - 43 EP - 48 VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0952-3278, 0952-3278 KW - Annexins KW - 0 KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins KW - Cinnamates KW - Membrane Lipids KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Sulfides KW - ST 638 KW - 107761-24-0 KW - Arachidonic Acid KW - 27YG812J1I KW - Ionomycin KW - 56092-81-0 KW - Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor KW - 81627-83-0 KW - Zymosan KW - 9010-72-4 KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases KW - EC 1.14.99.1 KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Phospholipases A KW - EC 3.1.1.32 KW - Phospholipases A2 KW - EC 3.1.1.4 KW - Dinoprostone KW - K7Q1JQR04M KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Zymosan -- pharmacology KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational KW - Membrane Lipids -- metabolism KW - Ionomycin -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Hematopoietic Stem Cells -- metabolism KW - Hematopoietic Stem Cells -- drug effects KW - Protein Kinase C -- metabolism KW - Phosphorylation KW - Cinnamates -- pharmacology KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Calcium-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Sulfides -- pharmacology KW - Dinoprostone -- biosynthesis KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases -- metabolism KW - Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- drug effects KW - Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- pharmacology KW - Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor -- physiology KW - Signal Transduction KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- physiology KW - Arachidonic Acid -- metabolism KW - Phospholipases A -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72841333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Prostaglandins%2C+leukotrienes%2C+and+essential+fatty+acids&rft.atitle=Transduction+of+a+signal+for+arachidonic+acid+metabolism+by+untriggered+CSF-1+receptor+induces+an+opposite+effect+to+that+induced+by+CSF-1+receptor+and+its+ligand%3A+separate+regulation+of+phospholipase+A2+and+cyclooxygenase+by+CSF-1+receptor%2FCSF-1.&rft.au=Puri%2C+J%3BPierce%2C+J+H%3BHoffman%2C+T&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Prostaglandins%2C+leukotrienes%2C+and+essential+fatty+acids&rft.issn=09523278&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-10 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of solvent control and 1-nitrosopyrene-induced Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants by Southern and northern blots and the polymerase chain reaction. AN - 72832613; 1541256 AB - 1-Nitrosopyrene, a metabolite of the tumorigenic environmental pollutant 1-nitropyrene, is a potent mutagen at the hprt locus in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. A single DNA adduct, N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-1-aminopyrene, is produced in CHO cells treated with 1-nitrosopyrene, and this adduct is found in rats and mice exposed to 1-nitropyrene. In this study, the structure of the hprt gene and the structure and amount of hprt mRNA were analyzed in 43 CHO cell mutants (16 isolated from solvent control cultures and 27 isolated from 1-nitrosopyrene-treated cultures). Pstl- and BamHl-digested DNA from the mutants were subjected to Southern blot analysis using a hamster hprt cDNA probe. None of the 1-nitrosopyrene-induced mutants and only one of the control mutants displayed hybridization patterns that were different from the parent CHO cells. Northern blot analysis revealed that two control mutants had truncated hprt mRNAs, while 56% of the control mutants and 78% of the induced mutants had reduced levels of hprt mRNA. Using polymerase chain reaction amplification of cDNA synthesized from RNA, the hprt protein-coding region could be amplified from 23 of the 1-nitrosopyrene-induced mutants and 11 of the control mutants. The amplification products from 3 of the control mutants and 5 of the induced mutants were smaller than that found with RNA from parental CHO cells. These results indicate that the mutagenic DNA damage produced by 1-nitrosopyrene in CHO cells does not cause major structural alterations in the hprt gene and suggest that 1-nitrosopyrene acts as a point mutagen. A large number of both control and 1-nitrosopyrene-induced mutants exhibited a marked reduction in hprt mRNA concentration or possessed truncated mRNA hprt protein coding sequence. These alterations may contribute to the 6-thioguanine-resistant phenotype. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Newton, R K AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Heflich, R H AD - Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Genetic Toxicology, Jefferson, AR 72079. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 147 EP - 155 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - hprt KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Pyrenes KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Solvents KW - 1-nitrosopyrene KW - 86674-51-3 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Dimethyl Sulfoxide KW - YOW8V9698H KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- drug effects KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - RNA, Messenger -- drug effects KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Drug Resistance KW - Nucleic Acid Hybridization KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - X Chromosome KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Dimethyl Sulfoxide -- toxicity KW - Cricetinae KW - Pyrenes -- toxicity KW - CHO Cells -- enzymology KW - CHO Cells -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72832613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+solvent+control+and+1-nitrosopyrene-induced+Chinese+hamster+ovary+cell+mutants+by+Southern+and+northern+blots+and+the+polymerase+chain+reaction.&rft.au=Newton%2C+R+K%3BMittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-09 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Gene symbol - hprt N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical peritonitis following the intraperitoneal administration of vancomycin. AN - 72829701; 1543783 AB - The Food and Drug Administration has received 51 reports of cases in the United States in which chemical peritonitis was associated with the intraperitoneal administration of sterile vancomycin hydrochloride, USP intravenous. The clinical presentation of the cases ranged from mild (cloudy dialysate alone) to more severe (severe abdominal pain and fever). The temporal circumstances suggest that intraperitoneal vancomycin may be associated with chemical peritonitis. A positive rechallenge was reported in 9 cases. The underlying mechanism responsible for this adverse reaction has not yet been identified. JF - Peritoneal dialysis international : journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis AU - Freiman, J P AU - Graham, D J AU - Reed, T G AU - McGoodwin, E B AD - Division of Epidemiology and Surveillance, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 57 EP - 60 VL - 12 IS - 1 SN - 0896-8608, 0896-8608 KW - Vancomycin KW - 6Q205EH1VU KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Skin Diseases, Infectious -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Catheters, Indwelling -- adverse effects KW - Middle Aged KW - Infusions, Parenteral KW - Male KW - Female KW - Peritonitis -- epidemiology KW - Vancomycin -- adverse effects KW - Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory KW - Vancomycin -- administration & dosage KW - Peritonitis -- drug therapy KW - Peritonitis -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72829701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peritoneal+dialysis+international+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Peritoneal+Dialysis&rft.atitle=Chemical+peritonitis+following+the+intraperitoneal+administration+of+vancomycin.&rft.au=Freiman%2C+J+P%3BGraham%2C+D+J%3BReed%2C+T+G%3BMcGoodwin%2C+E+B&rft.aulast=Freiman&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Peritoneal+dialysis+international+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Peritoneal+Dialysis&rft.issn=08968608&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-10 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrobenzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA amplification in SV40-transformed Chinese hamster embryo cells. AN - 72825258; 1311674 AB - Nitrobenzo[a]pyrenes (NBaPs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that produce mutations in Salmonella typhimurium and Chinese hamster ovary cells. In this study, 1-, 3-, and 6-NBaP induced amplification of SV40 DNA sequences in an SV40-transformed Chinese hamster embryo cell line which is sensitive to DNA amplification by various known carcinogens. Of the three isomers, 3-NBaP produced the highest level of gene amplification, which was 4.8 relative to untreated controls at a dose of 5 micrograms/ml. Considering the relationship between gene amplification and tumorigenesis, it seems prudent to carry out a more exhaustive analysis of the carcinogenic potential of these agents. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Neft, R E AU - Roe, A L AU - Schol, H M AU - Fu, P P AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Casciano, D A AD - Division of Genetic Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 156 EP - 160 VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Benzopyrenes KW - 0 KW - DNA, Viral KW - Mutagens KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cricetulus KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- cytology KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Cricetinae KW - DNA, Viral -- biosynthesis KW - Simian virus 40 -- genetics KW - DNA, Viral -- drug effects KW - Benzopyrenes -- toxicity KW - Gene Amplification -- drug effects KW - Cell Transformation, Viral -- drug effects KW - Simian virus 40 -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72825258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Nitrobenzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene-induced+DNA+amplification+in+SV40-transformed+Chinese+hamster+embryo+cells.&rft.au=Neft%2C+R+E%3BRoe%2C+A+L%3BSchol%2C+H+M%3BFu%2C+P+P%3BMittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BCasciano%2C+D+A&rft.aulast=Neft&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=156&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-04-09 N1 - Date created - 1992-04-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance of traumatic occupational fatalities in Alaska--implications for prevention. AN - 72811540; 1531389 AB - Data on occupational injury fatalities in Alaska for the period 1980-85 were complied from workers' compensation claims and death certificates. These data yielded 422 unique cases for the 6-year period, for an average annual fatality rate of 36.3 per 100,000 workers. This rate is 5 times higher than the Bureau of Labor Statistics estimate of 7.6 per 100,000 for the United States during the same period. The four industries with the highest fatality rates were the same for Alaska as for the nation (agriculture-forestry-fishing, construction, mining, and transportation-communication-public utilities). The leading causes of occupational fatalities in Alaska, however, were considerably different than for the United States as a whole. Nationally, motor vehicles and industrial equipment accidents are the leading causes of death. In Alaska, the leading causes of occupational injury mortality are aircraft crashes and drowning. These findings highlight the benefit of local surveillance in planning prevention strategies. JF - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) AU - Schnitzer, P G AU - Bender, T R AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888. PY - 1992 SP - 70 EP - 74 VL - 107 IS - 1 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Health Planning KW - Humans KW - Drowning -- mortality KW - Death Certificates KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Aviation -- mortality KW - Industry -- statistics & numerical data KW - Workers' Compensation -- statistics & numerical data KW - Cause of Death KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72811540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.atitle=Surveillance+of+traumatic+occupational+fatalities+in+Alaska--implications+for+prevention.&rft.au=Schnitzer%2C+P+G%3BBender%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Schnitzer&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+health+reports+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+1974%29&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-13 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: JAMA. 1982 Aug 13;248(6):692-7 [7097919] Life Sci. 1980 Nov 24;27(21):1985-90 [6111007] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Industrial hygiene survey in a university art department. AN - 72811537; 1740764 AB - Analysis of air samples indicated that concentrations of respirable free silica from sandblasting equipment used inside an unventilated painting room greatly exceeded the current OSHA standard and NIOSH recommended criteria. Lack of ventilation in the design materials studio resulted in excessive wood dust concentrations; levels averaged 29 mg/m3 which was well above the evaluation criteria of 5 mg/m3. Noise levels measured in the woodworking area of the design materials studio, and near the melting furnace located in the foundry of the ceramics studio, exceeded the 100-dBA limit recommended by NIOSH for a 2 hr continuous exposure. Lack of proper ventilation in the design materials painting room and in the printmaking darkroom resulted in exposures to toxic concentrations of toluene (from spray painting) and methyl cellosolve acetate (from KPR photo etching chemicals). Results of atmospheric sampling indicate that exposure to wood dust, crystalline silica, methyl cellosolve acetate, and toluene were excessive, and capable of producing both acute and long term health effects. JF - Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology : official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer AU - Lucas, A D AU - Salisbury, S A AD - Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Cincinnati, OH 45226. PY - 1992 SP - 21 EP - 27 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0731-8898, 0731-8898 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Education KW - Hazardous Substances -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Universities KW - Occupational Health KW - Art UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72811537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+pathology%2C+toxicology+and+oncology+%3A+official+organ+of+the+International+Society+for+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Cancer&rft.atitle=Industrial+hygiene+survey+in+a+university+art+department.&rft.au=Lucas%2C+A+D%3BSalisbury%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+pathology%2C+toxicology+and+oncology+%3A+official+organ+of+the+International+Society+for+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Cancer&rft.issn=07318898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health hazards associated with the cyanotype printing process. AN - 72811501; 1740763 JF - Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology : official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer AU - Lucas, A D AD - Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Cincinnati, OH 45226. PY - 1992 SP - 18 EP - 20 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0731-8898, 0731-8898 KW - Ferric Compounds KW - 0 KW - Ferricyanides KW - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds KW - potassium ferricyanide KW - U4MAF9C813 KW - ferric ammonium citrate KW - UVP74NG1C5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Ferric Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Printing KW - Ferricyanides -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72811501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+pathology%2C+toxicology+and+oncology+%3A+official+organ+of+the+International+Society+for+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Cancer&rft.atitle=Health+hazards+associated+with+the+cyanotype+printing+process.&rft.au=Lucas%2C+A+D&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+pathology%2C+toxicology+and+oncology+%3A+official+organ+of+the+International+Society+for+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Cancer&rft.issn=07318898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-03-25 N1 - Date created - 1992-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic marijuana smoke exposure in the rhesus monkey. II: Effects on progressive ratio and conditioned position responding. AN - 72785730; 1731038 AB - Sixty-two male rhesus monkeys were trained to respond in an operant test battery that included tasks thought to allow measurement of aspects of motivation and color and position discrimination. Subjects were assigned to eight treatment groups (n = 7-8) based upon behavioral performance. There were two behavioral groups: ACTIVE = behavior assessed throughout the 365 days of active exposure and beyond, and RESIDUAL = behavior assessed beginning 2 months after the last exposure. Each behavioral group had four dose groups: HI = smoke from one marijuana (MJ) cigarette/day 7 days/week; LO = MJ smoke only on weekends; EX = smoke from one extracted MJ (placebo) cigarette/day 7 days/week; SH = sham exposure 7 days/week. For the motivation task, both HI and LO ACTIVE groups earned significantly fewer reinforcers than did both ACTIVE control groups during the last several months of exposure. These effects disappeared within 2 to 3 months of cessation of treatment, and no similar effect was present when RESIDUAL groups were tested. Performance of the color and position discrimination task was adversely affected in one of eight HI ACTIVE subjects throughout most of the chronic exposure, and there was a trend toward residual deficits in performance of this task in the HI RESIDUAL group compared to both SH and EX RESIDUAL controls. These data could be interpreted to mean that during periods of chronic use, MJ produces an amotivational-like syndrome in rhesus monkeys and that this syndrome disappears only several weeks to months after the last exposure. JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Paule, M G AU - Allen, R R AU - Bailey, J R AU - Scallet, A C AU - Ali, S F AU - Brown, R M AU - Slikker, W AD - Pharmacodynamics Branch, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas. Y1 - 1992/01// PY - 1992 DA - January 1992 SP - 210 EP - 222 VL - 260 IS - 1 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome -- physiopathology KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Time Factors KW - Color Perception -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Discrimination (Psychology) -- drug effects KW - Motivation KW - Marijuana Smoking -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72785730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Chronic+marijuana+smoke+exposure+in+the+rhesus+monkey.+II%3A+Effects+on+progressive+ratio+and+conditioned+position+responding.&rft.au=Paule%2C+M+G%3BAllen%2C+R+R%3BBailey%2C+J+R%3BScallet%2C+A+C%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BBrown%2C+R+M%3BSlikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=260&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-02-18 N1 - Date created - 1992-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatic toxicity of unmodified and time-release preparations of niacin. AN - 72776452; 1731514 AB - Niacin (nicotinic acid) is used frequently in the treatment of hypercholesteremia. It is available in both unmodified and time-release preparations. The latter were developed in attempts to minimize the skin-flushing reaction that affects virtually all users and may limit acceptance. Adverse effects on the liver from both unmodified and time-release preparations have been recognized for many years. We reviewed the literature on the hepatic toxicity of both types of niacin preparations. Adverse reactions in six patients resulted from the exclusive use of unmodified niacin and in two patients from the exclusive use of time-release preparations. In 10 additional patients, adverse reactions developed after an abrupt change from unmodified to time-release preparations. Many of these patients were ingesting time-release niacin at doses well above the usual therapeutic doses currently recommended. Signs of liver toxicity developed in less than 7 days in four of these 10 patients. In doses that achieve equivalent reductions in serum lipids, hepatic toxicity occurred more frequently with time-release preparations than with unmodified preparations. An awareness of toxicity associated with ingestion of high doses of time-release niacin preparations is important because of their widespread availability and the potential for self-prescribed, unmonitored use. JF - The American journal of medicine AU - Rader, J I AU - Calvert, R J AU - Hathcock, J N AD - Division of Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204. Y1 - 1992/01// PY - 1992 DA - January 1992 SP - 77 EP - 81 VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9343, 0002-9343 KW - Delayed-Action Preparations KW - 0 KW - Niacin KW - 2679MF687A KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Niacin -- adverse effects KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Niacin -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72776452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Hepatic+toxicity+of+unmodified+and+time-release+preparations+of+niacin.&rft.au=Rader%2C+J+I%3BCalvert%2C+R+J%3BHathcock%2C+J+N&rft.aulast=Rader&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=00029343&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-02-18 N1 - Date created - 1992-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Passive smoking and the risk of heart disease. AN - 72743639; 1727204 AB - This paper reviews the evidence that exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) increases the risk of heart disease death among persons who have never smoked (never-smokers). The annual number of heart disease deaths in the United States attributable to ETS is estimated, as is the individual risk of heart disease death for exposed never-smokers. Nine epidemiologic studies and numerous experimental studies are available to evaluate the association of ETS and heart disease. The relative risk for never-smokers living with current or former smokers, compared with never-smokers living with nonsmokers, has ranged from 0.9 to 3.0 in nine studies. Seven studies were positive, one was positive for women but not men, and one was negative. Several studies have shown a dose-response relationship and have controlled for other risk factors. Evidence from experimental studies suggests that ETS can damage the cardiovascular system, via both short-term and long-term mechanisms. Assuming that the observed heart disease risk for those exposed to ETS is not an artifact of misclassification or confounding, approximately 35,000 to 40,000 deaths from ischemic heart disease among never-smokers and long-term former smokers are estimated to have occurred annually in the United States as a result of ETS exposure in the early 1980s. An individual male never-smoker living with a current or former smoker is estimated to have an approximately 9.6% chance of dying of ischemic heart disease by the age of 74 years, compared with a 7.4% chance for a male never-smoker living with a nonsmoker. The corresponding lifetime risks for women are 6.1% and 4.9%. The public health burden due to ETS exposure is likely to be much greater for heart disease than for lung cancer, which has been the focus of most debate to date. Individual lifetime excess risks of heart disease death due to ETS of one to three per 100 can be compared with much lower excess risks of one death per 100,000, which are often used in determining environmental limits for other toxins. Exposure to ETS is not currently regulated at the federal level, except for domestic air traffic. JF - JAMA AU - Steenland, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226. Y1 - 1992/01/01/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Jan 01 SP - 94 EP - 99 VL - 267 IS - 1 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Heart Diseases -- mortality KW - Heart Diseases -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72743639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Passive+smoking+and+the+risk+of+heart+disease.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+K&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=267&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=94&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-01-16 N1 - Date created - 1992-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 1992 Jun 24;267(24):3284-5; author reply 3285-6 [1597906] JAMA. 1992 Jun 24;267(24):3284; author reply 3285-6 [1597905] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome in L-tryptophan-exposed patients. AN - 72730821; 1727200 AB - To study the incidence of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, the risk factors associated with the syndrome, and the clinical spectrum of illness associated with L-tryptophan use in an exposed population. Retrospective cohort and nested case-control studies of risk factors for eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome using inpatient and outpatient chart reviews, telephone interviews, and in-person patient interviews. Descriptive study of clinical course of L-tryptophan users. Office practice of one psychiatrist based in a small city (population 43,467) in South Carolina. Eligible subjects were all patients from the practice who used L-tryptophan during the 1989 study interval. Of these, 418 (87%) were interviewed. Clinical spectrum of illness associated with L-tryptophan use, including definite and possible cases of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Among the 418 interviewed L-tryptophan users, we identified 47 definite cases (11%) and 68 possible cases (16%) of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, most of which involved patients who were using one retail brand of L-tryptophan (brand A). Among the 157 brand A users, we identified 45 definite cases (29%) and 36 possible cases (23%) of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, and the risk for the syndrome increased as the brand A dose increased. Fifty percent (19 of 38) of those using more than 4000 mg/day developed definite eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome, and 84% (32 of 38) developed either definite or possible eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. On multivariate analysis, risk for definite eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome was associated with brand A dose and age of the patient; however, gender, race, and use of other medications were not associated with the syndrome. These results suggest that many people exposed to the agent causing eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome may develop illness, and dose of presumably contaminated L-tryptophan is the single most important predictor of eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. The broad range of signs and symptoms reported by patients using L-tryptophan illustrates that a strict case definition may identify only about half of those affected. JF - JAMA AU - Kamb, M L AU - Murphy, J J AU - Jones, J L AU - Caston, J C AU - Nederlof, K AU - Horney, L F AU - Swygert, L A AU - Falk, H AU - Kilbourne, E M AD - Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Ga. 30333. Y1 - 1992/01/01/ PY - 1992 DA - 1992 Jan 01 SP - 77 EP - 82 VL - 267 IS - 1 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Tryptophan KW - 8DUH1N11BX KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Seasons KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Tryptophan -- adverse effects KW - Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72730821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Eosinophilia-myalgia+syndrome+in+L-tryptophan-exposed+patients.&rft.au=Kamb%2C+M+L%3BMurphy%2C+J+J%3BJones%2C+J+L%3BCaston%2C+J+C%3BNederlof%2C+K%3BHorney%2C+L+F%3BSwygert%2C+L+A%3BFalk%2C+H%3BKilbourne%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Kamb&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=267&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=77&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1992-01-16 N1 - Date created - 1992-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 1993 Jun 23-30;269(24):3108-9 [8505810] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Moving On...Transition from Child-Centered to Adult Health Care for Youth with Disabilities. AN - 62826994; ED358614 AB - This document contains information about the medical transition of youth with disabilities from child-centered to adult health care. The generic characteristics and needs of young people with long-term illnesses and disabilities are especially emphasized. Guidance is provided for appropriate health care of the adolescent during the transition process, for the development of transition programs, and for the preparation of physicians who wish to provide health care for this population group. The document examines the benefits of transition to adult-based health services; reviews generic health needs such as guidance on nutrition and fitness, sexuality, substance use, psychosocial needs, self-care, and empowerment; providing services within the health care system; and adaptation of services. The report concludes that adolescents with chronic illness and disabilities must have a well-defined primary health care program, which covers the same areas of medical and psychosocial concern as programs for adolescents without disabilities. Appendixes discuss the Federal commitment in this area; examine the need for improved training of physicians; offer statistical tables of health, education, and employment data; list 37 references; and describe 15 information centers and programs. (JDD) Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 53 PB - National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health, 2000 15th Street North, Suite 701, Arlington, VA 22201-2617. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Chronic Illness KW - Delivery Systems KW - Individual Needs KW - Young Adults KW - Primary Health Care KW - Medical Education KW - Health Services KW - Transitional Programs KW - Disabilities KW - Information Centers KW - Youth KW - Adolescents KW - Medical Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62826994?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Healthy Schools. A Directory of Federal Programs and Activities Related to Health Promotion through the Schools. AN - 62823881; ED360303 AB - The information in this directory of federal programs and activities concerned with school health contains two main parts: "Programs and Activities" and "Clearinghouses and Information Centers." The activities described represent 112 federal programs and 35 federally supported clearinghouses, or information centers. Each listing in both parts provides the name of the federal sponsoring department, the program title, and information on areas of emphasis, target groups, the program profile, availability of program materials, and program contact. (AMH) Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 297 KW - Comprehensive School Health Programs KW - Healthy People 2000 KW - Integrated Services KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - School Health Services KW - Information Sources KW - Federal Programs KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Health Promotion KW - School Health Services KW - Information Sources KW - Federal Programs KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Health Promotion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62823881?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Compiled by the Federal Interagency Ad Hoc Committ N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Worksite Health Promotion Activities. 1992 National Survey. Summary Report. AN - 62761886; ED373022 AB - The survey reported in this document examined worksite health promotion and disease prevention activities in 1,507 private worksites in the United States. Specificlly, the survey assessed policies, practices, services, facilities, information, and activities sponsored by employers to improve the health of their employees, and assessed health promotion activities sponsored by a random sample of worksites with 50 or more employees. The survey was designed to describe characteristics of worksite health promotion activities in the private sector, to measure the level of change in worksite health promotion activity since baseline data was obtained from a 1985 survey, and to track worksite-related activities within the context of "Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives." The main body of the report presents highlights of the survey by subject areas such as: high blood pressure, cholesterol, cancer, sexually transmitted diseases, smoking control, physical fitness, nutrition, weight control, prenatal education, mental health and stress management, alcohol and other drugs, program administration and support, incentives, and benefits and evaluation. An outline of the survey is appended. (LL) Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 37 PB - U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9328. KW - Healthy People 2000 KW - Public Health Service KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Health Facilities KW - Employer Attitudes KW - Physical Fitness KW - Mental Health Programs KW - National Surveys KW - Adults KW - Health Promotion KW - Private Sector KW - Policy Formation KW - Health Activities KW - Fringe Benefits KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62761886?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For related document, see SP 035 003. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Resource Guide. AN - 62503525; ED415041 AB - This resource guide provides information on programs, publications, organizations, and other resources related to prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). The purpose of this guide is to assist health care providers to comply with Indian Health Service (IHS) FAS goals and objectives. It gives examples of community approaches to FAS prevention, depicts a map of 145 facilities nationwide, and reproduces a copy of an FDA Drug Bulletin with the Surgeon General's Advisory on Alcohol and Pregnancy. Maternal and child health area-consultants are listed for IHS headquarters and the 12 IHS service areas. Descriptions are provided for 31 organized FAS prevention programs, and 49 alcoholism treatment programs accepting pregnant women are listed. Contact information is also given for IHS Alcohol and Substance Abuse Program coordinators, IHS-area mental health branch chiefs, IHS-area social services chiefs, and other consultants. The guide provides price and availability information for FAS-related books, newsletters, slides, curriculums, videos, brochures, catalogs, posters, and display models, as well as materials from the National Clearinghouse FAS resources. Many entries are annotated. Also included are two poems, "I Am My Mother's Child" and "I Have Chosen Sobriety," by Tom Yowell. (TSP) AU - Snyder, Lisa Y1 - 1992/01// PY - 1992 DA - January 1992 SP - 70 KW - Indian Health Service KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Health Programs KW - Information Sources KW - American Indians KW - Pregnancy KW - Health Promotion KW - Tribes KW - School Community Programs KW - Prevention KW - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Alcoholism KW - Drug Education KW - Alcohol Education KW - American Indian Education KW - Community Health Services KW - Prenatal Influences KW - Health Programs KW - Information Sources KW - American Indians KW - Pregnancy KW - Health Promotion KW - Tribes KW - School Community Programs KW - Prevention KW - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Alcoholism KW - Drug Education KW - Alcohol Education KW - American Indian Education KW - Community Health Services KW - Prenatal Influences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62503525?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Dispelling Myths, Restoring Hope. News Media Strategies for Reporting about African American Youth and Their Experiences with Alcohol and Other Drugs. AN - 62441028; ED422410 AB - This booklet has been prepared as a resource guide for professionals in the news business. The tools in this booklet offer new ideas for news stories about African American youth and substance abuse. The facts section offers background on the research that shapes current thinking about alcohol and other drug use. The media strategies section provides concrete tips for each point in the news process, from the first news meeting of the day until the final assignment is completed. The resources and references section identifies a wealth of new sources to broaden news coverage. In reporting on alcohol and other drugs it is easy to focus on the specifics of a particular story and overlook the bigger picture. The story of African Americans and drugs is frequently based on misconceptions and expediency, but research shows that young African Americans, even in low-income areas, are less likely to use alcohol and other drugs than many other youth of the same age. Three national surveys have for years reported lower rates of alcohol and drug use among African American youth. These include two federally funded surveys, the National High School Senior Survey and the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, and a survey conducted by an Atlanta-based organization, the PRIDE Data on High School Students. Concentrating on use issues alone may obscure the many negative ways alcohol and other drugs affect the lives of African American youth, and these facts, as well as the link between violence and drug use, cannot be ignored. Bearing these research findings in mind, specific strategies are given for producers and assignment editors and reporters. The emphasis is on accurate reporting and avoiding stereotypes that obscure the real damage drugs can do while perpetuating harmful or disrespectful ideas about minority groups. Thirty-three resources are listed for further information. (SLD) Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 51 KW - African Americans KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Writing for Publication KW - Substance Abuse KW - Blacks KW - National Surveys KW - News Media KW - Mass Media Effects KW - High Schools KW - Research Utilization KW - Alcoholic Beverages KW - Urban Youth KW - Social Problems KW - Drug Use KW - Adolescents KW - Stereotypes KW - Resources KW - News Writing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62441028?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National survey of worksite health promotion activities, 1992 AN - 59652293; 1994-0404495 AB - Based on survey of 1,507 private businesses regarding public health education and preventive medical services offered to employees. Blood pressure screening, physical fitness, stress management, prenatal care, and other topics. JF - Superintendent of Documents, 1992. xi+26 pp. Y1 - 1992///0, PY - 1992 DA - 0, 1992 EP - xi+26 PB - Superintendent of Documents SN - 0160417112 KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Employees -- Health KW - Public health education -- United States KW - Medicine, Preventive -- United States KW - Health planning -- United States KW - Working conditions -- United States KW - United States -- Labor sector UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59652293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=101&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Research+in+Childhood+Education&rft.issn=02568543&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - Supt Docs (ISBN 0-16-041711-2) U.S. $3; elsewhere $3.75 N1 - Document feature - table(s), chart(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Skin testing with recombinant Mycobacterium intracellulare antigens AN - 16841203; 3565633 AB - The immunoreactivity of four recombinant Mycobacterium intracellulare beta -galactosidase fusion proteins, which correspond to 22, 40, 43 and 85 kDa M. intracellulare antigens, was assessed. Lymphoproliferative assays demonstrated that Escherichia coli lysates containing each of the fusion proteins stimulated T cells in vitro. Purified preparations of three of these recombinant M. intracellulare antigens (22, 43 and 85 kDa) also induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions in sensitized guinea pigs. However, the skin test responses evoked by each of these antigens was not species-specific. JF - Tubercle and Lung Disease AU - Morris, S L AU - Mackall, J C AU - Malik, A AU - Rouse, DA AU - Chaparas, S D AD - Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res. FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 129 EP - 133 VL - 73 IS - 3 SN - 0962-8479, 0962-8479 KW - beta -galactosidase KW - lacZ gene KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - genes KW - Mycobacterium intracellulare KW - skin tests KW - fusion KW - man KW - antigens KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - F 06008:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16841203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tubercle+and+Lung+Disease&rft.atitle=Skin+testing+with+recombinant+Mycobacterium+intracellulare+antigens&rft.au=Morris%2C+S+L%3BMackall%2C+J+C%3BMalik%2C+A%3BRouse%2C+DA%3BChaparas%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Tubercle+and+Lung+Disease&rft.issn=09628479&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium intracellulare; fusion; antigens; skin tests; man; genes ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Toxicity of monoclonal antibodies and conjugates AN - 16838523; 3561510 AB - Monoclonal antibodies are highly useful research tools because of their specificity and reproducibility. However, their clinical applications for purposes such as immunosuppression, immunotoxin therapy, diagnostic imaging, and radiotherapy need to be approached with considerable care. In the future, immunosuppression should be possible with reagents specific for markers on activated T cells without causing the destruction of all mature T cells (including resting memory T cells) that results from currently available monoclonals. Immunotoxins should be designed with consideration for the metabolic fate of the conjugate, with the goal of directing the toxin away from the RE system. Radionuclides with shorter physical half-lives will be coupled to antibody subunits such as F(ab') sub(2) fragments that have shorter biological half-lives. Different chemical bonds between antibody and isotope may be able to direct the isotope away from the RE system to reduce the nonspecific signal from the liver and the spleen. JF - Raven Press, New York, NY (USA). pp. 83-91. 1992. AU - Berkower, I A2 - Newcombe, DS A2 - Rose, NR A2 - Bloom, JC (eds) Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 9 EP - 91 PB - Raven Press, New York, NY (USA) SN - 0881678309 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - conjugates KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - immunotoxins KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - F 06791:Experimental UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16838523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Toxicology+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Berkower%2C+I&rft.aulast=Berkower&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=0881678309&rft.btitle=Toxicity+of+monoclonal+antibodies+and+conjugates&rft.title=Toxicity+of+monoclonal+antibodies+and+conjugates&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA requirements for nonclinical testing of contraceptive steroids AN - 16837458; 3565492 AB - Written guidelines for the preclinical testing of contraceptive steroids have not been revised since 1968 despite the fact that many important changes have been implemented by the FDA's Division of Metabolism and Endocrine Drug Products. This paper describes the new preclinical testing requirements and the rationale for their implementation. JF - Contraception AU - Jordan, A AD - Div. Metab. and Endocrine Drug Prod., FDA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 499 EP - 509 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0010-7824, 0010-7824 KW - FDA KW - contraceptives (oral) KW - requirements KW - steroids KW - government policy KW - contraceptives KW - federal policies KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - legislation KW - USA KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H SE4.5:STANDARDS, LAWS, REGULATIONS, AND POLICY KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16837458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contraception&rft.atitle=FDA+requirements+for+nonclinical+testing+of+contraceptive+steroids&rft.au=Jordan%2C+A&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=499&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Contraception&rft.issn=00107824&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; toxicity testing; legislation; federal policies; contraceptives (oral); requirements; government policy; contraceptives ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid disposition after oral administration in channel catfish AN - 16824648; 3552910 AB - The pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and excretion of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were examined in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after intravascular or oral administration (10 mg/kg of body weight). Plasma concentrations of parent 2,4-D exhibited a rapid, biphasic decline after intravascular administration with an elimination half-life of 0.76 h. After oral dosing, 2,4-D was rapidly and extensively absorbed; the absorption half-life was 1.5 h, and the bioavailability was 86%. Residue concentrations were highest in the excretory tissues, particularly in the trunk kidney; the muscle had the lowest concentrations (<1 ppm) of any tissue analyzed. Residues were not found in most tissues at 24 h. Renal excretion was the dominant route of elimination; nearly 90% of the administered dose of 2,4-D was excreted unchanged in the urine in 24 h. Less than 1% of the dose was eliminated in the bile, mostly as polar metabolites. Although 2,4-D is extensively absorbed, the limited tissue distribution and rapid renal excretion result in a low potential for accumulation in the edible portions of channel catfish. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Plakas, S M AU - Khoo, L AU - Barron, M G AD - Div. Seafood Res., FDA, P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1236 EP - 1239 VL - 40 IS - 7 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - 2,4-D KW - 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid KW - oral administration KW - pharmacokinetics KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Toxicology Abstracts KW - herbicides KW - Freshwater KW - excretion KW - distribution KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - pharmacology KW - bioaccumulation KW - Pisces KW - tissues KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24133:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16824648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=2%2C4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic+acid+disposition+after+oral+administration+in+channel+catfish&rft.au=Plakas%2C+S+M%3BKhoo%2C+L%3BBarron%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - herbicides; excretion; distribution; pharmacology; bioaccumulation; tissues; pharmacokinetics; oral administration; Pisces; Ictalurus punctatus; Freshwater ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of dimetridazole, ipronidazole, and their alcohol metabolites in turkey tissues by thermospray tandem mass spectrometry AN - 16789784; 3541866 AB - Dimetridazole and ipronidazole, two veterinary drugs used to treat turkeys, oxidize in vivo to form alcohol metabolites. The parent drugs as well as their metabolites are usually quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection. The confirmation of identity procedure reported herein uses HPLC for separation followed by thermospray tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of both the parent and the alcohol metabolites. The extraction and cleanup procedures of the regulatory method were used to isolate the nitroimidazoles from turkey muscle tissue fortified at 2 and 10 ppb. An HPLC thermospray MS/MS technique, operating in the daughter ion mode, was used to confirm the identity of dimetridazole, the alcohol metabolite of dimetridazole, ipronidazole, and its alcohol metabolite. Unfortified control tissues were also analyzed and showed no interference. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Matusik, JE AU - Leadbetter, M G AU - Barnes, C J AU - Sphon, JA AD - FDA, Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 439 EP - 443 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - dimetridazole KW - ipronidazole KW - turkeys KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - poultry KW - identification KW - tissues KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16789784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Identification+of+dimetridazole%2C+ipronidazole%2C+and+their+alcohol+metabolites+in+turkey+tissues+by+thermospray+tandem+mass+spectrometry&rft.au=Matusik%2C+JE%3BLeadbetter%2C+M+G%3BBarnes%2C+C+J%3BSphon%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Matusik&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - identification; tissues; poultry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gas chromatographic and electron spin resonance investigations of gamma -irradiated shrimp AN - 16718413; 3510142 AB - When fats are irradiated, some of the major stable products formed are hydrocarbons. The most abundant radiolytic hydrocarbons are formed during various free-radical reactions as the result of the loss of CO sub(2). An extraction procedure followed by capillary gas chromatography (GC) to monitor the formation of these radiolytic hydrocarbons in gamma -irradiated shrimp has been developed. Shrimp contain appreciable amounts of palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids. When irradiated, these fatty acids form the hydrocarbons pentadecane, 8-pentadecene, heptadecane, 8-heptadecene, and 6,9-heptadecadiene, respectively. The yield of these radiolytic hydrocarbons was found to be linear with absorbed dose. Data indicating the utility of the capillary GC technique for identifying radiation-treated shrimp are presented. The potnetial use of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, another irradiation detection technique, to monitor the formation of free radicals trapped in irradiated shrimp shell and problems associated with using ESR spectroscopy are also described. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Morehouse, K M AU - Ku, Yuoh AD - Div. Food Chem. and Technol., U.S. FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1963 EP - 1971 VL - 40 IS - 10 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - preservation KW - radiolysis KW - E.S.R. KW - food preservation KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - lipids KW - gamma radiation KW - gas chromatography KW - food KW - H SE4.22:FOOD PRESERVATION KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16718413?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Gas+chromatographic+and+electron+spin+resonance+investigations+of+gamma+-irradiated+shrimp&rft.au=Morehouse%2C+K+M%3BKu%2C+Yuoh&rft.aulast=Morehouse&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1963&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gamma radiation; food; lipids; gas chromatography; food preservation; preservation; radiolysis; E.S.R. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biotechnology regulatory policy for biomedical products: The United States perspective AN - 16693747; 3501525 AB - In the next century, biotechnology will exert a stronger influence than ever on the direction and level of product development in industries regulated by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The agency's philosophy with regard to the regulation of biotechnology products is that the biotechnology methods used to develop such products are extensions of refinement of older techniques. The prevailing FDA policy has been that the agency's extensive experience in reviewing the products and processes of conventional methods is relevant and adequate for reviewing new biotechnology products and no additional regulatory requirements are needed. The regulatory review of all new products, therefore, is based on the intended use of each product on a case-by-case basis. Once a sponsor submits data to establish product safety and efficacy, the FDA evaluates the biotechnology product using procedures developed for review and approval of conventional products. For example, before industry can market new drugs or biologics for human use, FDA must first approve the appropriate new drug application and product licence application. New medical devices require a premarket approval application or a reclassification petition if they are not substantially equivalent to legally marketed devices. For any substantially equivalent new device, a premarket notification is sufficient. As a science-based regulatory agency, the FDA uses science as the basis for regulatory decision-making. It relies on and conducts applied and problem-solving research necessary to assess product safety, effectiveness and quality as well as to form the basis for science-based regulation and guidance for the regulated industrial community. Since biotechnology has led to products in the international marketplace, the regulatory approach adopted by the FDA for biotechnology products may be helpful in the development of certain common international regulatory policies and principles which will facilitate not only product commercialization worldwide but also the development of cooperative research and development programmes. JF - Current science. Bangalore AU - Bambakidis-Hellman, K AD - Biotechnol. Prog., Cent. Devices Radiol. Health, U.S. FDA, 5600 Fisher Ln. (HF2-113), Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 123 EP - 126 VL - 63 IS - 3 SN - 0011-3891, 0011-3891 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - biotechnology KW - government policy KW - regulation KW - pharmaceuticals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33000:General topics and reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16693747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+science.+Bangalore&rft.atitle=Biotechnology+regulatory+policy+for+biomedical+products%3A+The+United+States+perspective&rft.au=Bambakidis-Hellman%2C+K&rft.aulast=Bambakidis-Hellman&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+science.+Bangalore&rft.issn=00113891&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - government policy; biotechnology; regulation; pharmaceuticals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aflatoxins in swine tissues during drought conditions: An epidemiologic study. AN - 16663258; 3011892 AB - The purpose of this joint Agricultural Research Service/Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) project was to determine the presence of aflatoxins in swine tissues in the United States during a drought year (1988). A worst-case sampling plan for aflatoxin from swine slaughtered in FSIS inspected plants was conducted during the drought. Swine tissues were screened for aflatoxins by high pressure liquid chromatography and confirmed by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. Results indicate that swine effectively metabolize aflatoxins present in feed. Eight of 160 (5%) liver samples had confirmed aflatoxin, with only 4 of these 8 exceeding 0.1 ppb. Only 1 of 160 liver samples had total aflatoxin B sub(1) and M sub(1) in excess of the milk enforcement level of 0.5 ppb for M sub(1) alone. In severe drought conditions, the presence of aflatoxins in animal feed does not result in a significant frequency or magnitude of tissue residues in swine even in worst-case type biased sampling. Since swine appear to be the most sensitive species insofar as tissue concentration of aflatoxins, it is logical to conclude that residues in other food-producing species would be significantly lower. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Honstead, J P AU - Dreesen, D W AU - Stubblefield, R D AU - Shotwell, O L AD - FDA, Cent. Vet. Med., Div. Anim. Feed, HFV-222, 5700 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 182 EP - 186 VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - pigs KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - droughts KW - epidemiology KW - aflatoxins KW - levels KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16663258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Aflatoxins+in+swine+tissues+during+drought+conditions%3A+An+epidemiologic+study.&rft.au=Honstead%2C+J+P%3BDreesen%2C+D+W%3BStubblefield%2C+R+D%3BShotwell%2C+O+L&rft.aulast=Honstead&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=182&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - epidemiology; aflatoxins; levels; droughts ER - TY - PAT T1 - SCL gene, and a hematopoietic growth and differentiation factor encoded thereby. AN - 16647272; 3010275 AU - Kirsch, IR AU - Begley, C G PY - 1992 IS - US Patent 5,132,212 KW - haemopoiesis KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - patents KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16647272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=SCL+gene%2C+and+a+hematopoietic+growth+and+differentiation+factor+encoded+thereby.&rft.au=Kirsch%2C+IR%3BBegley%2C+C+G&rft.aulast=Kirsch&rft.aufirst=IR&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 435/69.4; Int. Cl. C12P 21/06; C12N 1/20; C07H 15/12. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - PAT T1 - Stable mammalian cell line expressing a bacteriophage RNA polymerase. AN - 16646813; 2987231 AU - Moss, B AU - Elroy-Stein, O PY - 1992 IS - US Patent 5,126,251 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - phages KW - patents KW - W2 32050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16646813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Stable+mammalian+cell+line+expressing+a+bacteriophage+RNA+polymerase.&rft.au=Moss%2C+B%3BElroy-Stein%2C+O&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 435/69.1; Int. Cl. C12N 15/00, 5/10; C12P 21/00. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - PAT T1 - Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as a treatment modality for human cancer. AN - 16637158; 2987010 AU - Rosenberg, SA PY - 1992 IS - US Patent 5,126,132 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - immunotherapy KW - patents KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16637158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Tumor+infiltrating+lymphocytes+as+a+treatment+modality+for+human+cancer.&rft.au=Rosenberg%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 424/93; Int. Cl. A61K 35/23, 37/02. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - PAT T1 - cDNA encoding the long isoform of the D sub(2) dopamine receptor. AN - 16623123; 2993921 AU - Sibley AU - Monsma, FJ Jr AU - McVittie, L D AU - Mahan, L C PY - 1992 IS - US Patent 5,128,254 KW - dopamine receptor KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - patents KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16623123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=cDNA+encoding+the+long+isoform+of+the+D+sub%282%29+dopamine+receptor.&rft.au=Sibley%3BMonsma%2C+FJ+Jr%3BMcVittie%2C+L+D%3BMahan%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Sibley&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 435/172.3; Int. Cl. C12N 15/12; C07H 21/04. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A free-radical hypothesis for the instability and evolution of genotype and phenotype in vitro. AN - 16622899; 3006091 AB - It has been known for several decades that cultured murine cells undergo a defined series of changes, i.e., an in vitro evolution, which includes crisis, spontaneous transformation ("immortalization"), aneuploidy, and spontaneous neoplastic transformation. These changes have been shown to be caused by the in vitro environment rather than an inherent instability of the murine phenotype or genotype. Serum amine oxidases were recently identified as a predominant cause of crisis. These enzymes generate hydrogen peroxide from polyamine substrates that enter the extracellular milieu. This finding implicates free-radical toxicity as the underlying cause of in vitro evolution. We propose an oxyradical hypothesis to explain each of the stages of in vitro evolution and discuss its significance for cytotechnology and long-term cultivation of mammalian cell types. JF - Cytotechnology AU - Parchment, R E AU - Natarajan, K AD - Mod-1, Rm. 2023, ORR, CDER, FDA, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 93 EP - 124 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0920-9069, 0920-9069 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - cell culture KW - phenotypes KW - in vitro KW - genotypes KW - aneuploidy KW - mammalian cells KW - evolution KW - transformation KW - free radicals KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33220:Cell culture UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16622899?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cytotechnology&rft.atitle=A+free-radical+hypothesis+for+the+instability+and+evolution+of+genotype+and+phenotype+in+vitro.&rft.au=Parchment%2C+R+E%3BNatarajan%2C+K&rft.aulast=Parchment&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cytotechnology&rft.issn=09209069&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - cell culture; phenotypes; in vitro; genotypes; aneuploidy; mammalian cells; free radicals; transformation; evolution ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation, cDNA cloning, and characterization of an 18-kDa hemagglutinin and amebocyte aggregation factor from Limulus polyphemus . AN - 16617389; 2983521 AB - A 18-kDa hemagglutinin which possesses the property of inducing both aggregation of amebocytes and agglutination of erythrocytes has been isolated from Limulus polyphemus amebocytes and purified by ion exchange chromatography. This nonglycosylated, single chain polypeptide with an M sub(r) of 18,506 and isoelectric point of 8.3 is stored exclusively in the large secretory granules of amebocytes. Based on the partial N-terminal amino acid sequence of 63 residues, DNA probes have been synthesized for screening a pBR322 cDNA library constructed from Limulus) amebocytes. The cDNA coding for this protein reveals the presence of a 19-residue signal peptide preceding the 153-residue open reading frame. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Fujii, N AU - Minetti, CASA AU - Nakhasi, H L AU - Chen, S W AU - Barbehenn, E AU - Nunes, PH AU - Nguyen, N Y AD - Lab. Cytokine Res., Div. Cytokine Biol., FDA, Build. 29A, Rm. 2A-09, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 22452 EP - 22459 VL - 267 IS - 3 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - DNA KW - Limulus polyphemus KW - Merostomata KW - amino acid sequence KW - amoebocytes KW - cDNA KW - clones KW - erythrocytes KW - genes KW - genetics KW - hemagglutinins KW - marine invertebrates KW - nucleotide sequence KW - polypeptides KW - prediction KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Marine KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07365:GENERAL KW - Q1 08245:Genetics and evolution KW - Q4 27200:Shellfish and other aquatic animals (excl. fish) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16617389?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Isolation%2C+cDNA+cloning%2C+and+characterization+of+an+18-kDa+hemagglutinin+and+amebocyte+aggregation+factor+from+Limulus+polyphemus+.&rft.au=Fujii%2C+N%3BMinetti%2C+CASA%3BNakhasi%2C+H+L%3BChen%2C+S+W%3BBarbehenn%2C+E%3BNunes%2C+PH%3BNguyen%2C+N+Y&rft.aulast=Fujii&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=267&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=22452&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - nucleotide sequence; clones; genetics; erythrocytes; amoebocytes; amino acid sequence; genes; DNA; prediction; polypeptides; marine invertebrates; hemagglutinins; cDNA; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microbiological criteria for raw molluscan shellfish. Recommendations by the national advisory committee on microbiological criteria for foods. AN - 16616789; 2983427 AB - The recommendations are designed to enhance the microbiological safety profile of raw molluscan shellfish which are likely to present inherent risks to consumers if adequate safeguards are not in place from harvest to consumption. Further, the document examines the "wholesale market standard" currently applied by the Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference (ISSC). Product testing along is of limited value in assuring the safety of molluscan shellfish. For a market standard to be useful, it must be used as one of several control strategies. The recommendations are as follows: proper growing water classification and restriction of harvesting to those water areas are two of the most essential points in controlling both enteric pathogens of human origin and indigenous vibrios in molluscan shellfish. Time/temperature control and monitoring during product distribution are essential to assure safety. Minimize the introduction and multiplication of bacteria in molluscan shellfish during distribution through adequate sanitation and refrigeration requirements. The Food and Drug Administration should develop and specific interpretation of the retail model code for HACCP-based control of raw molluscan shellfish to include purchase specification of properly tagged and refrigerated product. The ISSC should incorporate the recommendations contained in this report into a revised National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP) Manual of Operations and reissue the document as the Shellfish Sanitation Model Ordinance for adoption into state law. Fecal coliform/Escherichia coli should be retained as a guideline until state regulatory agencies are provided adequate assurance that all products have been harvested from properly classified growing waters. The NSSP Manual should be expanded to include strict control measures from harvest through retail distribution. Education programs can contribute to reducing risks associated with the consumption of raw molluscan shellfish. This is a shared responsibility of government and industry. These recommendations were adopted by the National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods on July 18, 1991. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Anonymous AD - FDA, Food Saf. Inspect. Serv., Rm. 3175, South Build., Washington, DC 20250, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 463 EP - 480 VL - 55 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - food quality KW - microbial contamination KW - recommendations KW - shellfish KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - standards KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - Mollusca KW - microorganisms KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16616789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Microbiological+criteria+for+raw+molluscan+shellfish.+Recommendations+by+the+national+advisory+committee+on+microbiological+criteria+for+foods.&rft.au=Anonymous&rft.aulast=Anonymous&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=463&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - standards; microbial contamination; shellfish; microorganisms; food quality; recommendations; Mollusca; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - PAT T1 - Rapid, versatile and simple system for expressing genes in eukaryotic cells. AN - 16603830; 3019181 AB - A method for synthesizing protein, comprising: infecting a mammalian cell with a recombinant cytoplasmic DNA virus. Infecting said cell with a second cytoplasmic DNA virus that expresses DNA polymerase so that protein is expressed in the cell; and then recovering the desired protein by suitable isolation and purification techniques. AU - Moss, B AU - Fuerst, T AU - Elroy-Stein, O PY - 1992 IS - US Patent 5,135,855 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts KW - gene expression KW - patents KW - W2 32050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16603830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Rapid%2C+versatile+and+simple+system+for+expressing+genes+in+eukaryotic+cells.&rft.au=Moss%2C+B%3BFuerst%2C+T%3BElroy-Stein%2C+O&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 435/69.1; Int. Cl. C12N 15/00; C12P 21/00. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Commercial assay systems for detecting foodborne Salmonella : A review. AN - 16597010; 2993664 AB - Recent advances in diagnostic technology have dramatically altered testing methods for foodborne Salmonella . Many commercial assay systems and kits that use newer technologies are now available to facilitate the identification of Salmonella in foods. These systems include miniaturized biochemical tests, new media formulations, automated instrumentation, DNA probe- and antibody-dependent assays. The technologies used for each system, except miniaturized biochemical tests, are described, and the various assay kit formats are compared. A selected number of comparative studied using foods are discussed. Most commercial assay systems are rapid, simple, and equally as sensitive as standard methods for the detection of Salmonella species. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Feng, P AD - Div. Microbiol., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 927 EP - 934 VL - 55 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - reviews KW - food-borne diseases KW - assays KW - Salmonella KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16597010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Commercial+assay+systems+for+detecting+foodborne+Salmonella+%3A+A+review.&rft.au=Feng%2C+P&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=927&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; reviews; assays; food-borne diseases ER - TY - PAT T1 - Cancer therapy using interleukin-2 and flavone compounds. AN - 16588945; 2986962 AU - Wiltrout, R H AU - Hornung, R PY - 1992 IS - US Patent 5,126,129 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - interleukin 2 KW - patents KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16588945?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cancer+therapy+using+interleukin-2+and+flavone+compounds.&rft.au=Wiltrout%2C+R+H%3BHornung%2C+R&rft.aulast=Wiltrout&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 424/85.2; Int. Cl. A61K 31/35, 45/05. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - PAT T1 - Recombinant DNA clone containing a genomic fragment of pfHRP-II gene from Plasmodium falciparum . AN - 16569980; 2997844 AB - A histidine rich Plasmodium falciparum glucoprotein antigen, pfHRP-II, essentially free from other Plasmodium falciparum components. AU - Wellems, TE AU - Howard, R J PY - 1992 IS - US Patent 5,130,416 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Plasmodium falciparum KW - patents KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16569980?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Recombinant+DNA+clone+containing+a+genomic+fragment+of+pfHRP-II+gene+from+Plasmodium+falciparum+.&rft.au=Wellems%2C+TE%3BHoward%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Wellems&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 530/350; Int. Cl. C07K 13/00, 15/04; A61K 39/015. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deamidation: A source of microheterogeneity in pharmaceutical proteins. AN - 16541530; 2966141 AB - Most protein molecules undergo some degree of spontaneous deamidation in vivo. This process may also occur during the production, isolation, purification, formulation and storage of pharmaceutical proteins. Deamidation is a potential source of microheterogeneity for pharmaceutical proteins, and this is an important issue that needs to be addressed, not only by the manufacturers but also by the national control agencies. This article provides an overview of the scientific and regulatory issues pertinent to deamidation of pharmaceutical proteins. JF - Trends in Biotechnology AU - Liu, DTeh-Yung AD - Div. Biochem. and Biophys., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., DHHS/FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 364 EP - 369 VL - 10 IS - 10 SN - 0167-9430, 0167-9430 KW - deamidation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - microheterogeneity KW - pharmaceuticals KW - proteins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33000:General topics and reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16541530?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Deamidation%3A+A+source+of+microheterogeneity+in+pharmaceutical+proteins.&rft.au=Liu%2C+DTeh-Yung&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=DTeh-Yung&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01679430&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - reviews; microheterogeneity; proteins; pharmaceuticals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nucleotide sequence analysis and serologic characterization of the Mycobacterium intracellulare homologue of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis 19 kDa antigen. AN - 16540733; 2971811 AB - Disseminated Mycobacterium avium/Mycobacterium intracellulare complex (MAC) disease is a frequent complication in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). We present the nucleotide sequence of the M. intracellulare MI22 gene. Computer sequence comparisons reveal that the MI22 gene, which encodes a serologically active protein, has 78% DNA sequence identity and 77% protein sequence identity with the seroreactive 19 kDa Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoprotein antigen. Southern blot hybridizations indicate that an MI22 gene probe binds similar-sized restriction fragments in M. tuberculosis and M. intracellulare genomic DNA. In addition, immunoblot analyses demonstrate that MI22 is recognized by sera from tuberculosis patients. The data further support the existence of 19 kDa MAC and M. tuberculosis protein homologues. Phase partitioning experiments and the presence of a consensus lipid modification site in the deduced MI22 protein sequence strongly suggest that MI22 is also a lipoprotein. Comparative analyses of these mycobacterial antigenic homologues may provide the basis for the design of species-specific diagnostic reagents. JF - Molecular Microbiology AU - Nair, J AU - Rouse, DA AU - Morris, S L AD - Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1431 EP - 1439 VL - 6 IS - 11 SN - 0950-382X, 0950-382X KW - MI22 gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - lipoproteins KW - genes KW - Mycobacterium intracellulare KW - nucleotide sequence KW - homology KW - antigens KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16540733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Nucleotide+sequence+analysis+and+serologic+characterization+of+the+Mycobacterium+intracellulare+homologue+of+the+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+19+kDa+antigen.&rft.au=Nair%2C+J%3BRouse%2C+DA%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.issn=0950382X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium intracellulare; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; nucleotide sequence; lipoproteins; antigens; homology; genes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monoclonal and engineered antibodies for human parenteral clinical use: Regulatory considerations. AN - 16539893; 2965957 AB - Regulation of the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their related technologies has evolved together with their development. The many unique features of antibodies have necessitated new approaches to their regulation where analogy to existing products has failed. The fact that most mAbs have been derived from murine-based systems has greatly complicated their regulation, in terms of needing to consider immunogenicity, adventitious agents, tissue crossreactivity, and altered biodistribution of these xenogeneic proteins. These are, of course, in addition to standard manufacturing, safety and efficacy issues relevant to the production of all biopharmaceuticals. JF - Trends in Biotechnology AU - Manohar, V AU - Hoffman, T AD - Lab. Cell Biol., Div. Hematol., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., U.S. FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 305 EP - 309 VL - 10 IS - 9 SN - 0167-9430, 0167-9430 KW - proteins engineering KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - clinical applications KW - USA KW - safety regulations KW - monoclonal antibodies KW - W3 33160:Antibody based KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16539893?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=Monoclonal+and+engineered+antibodies+for+human+parenteral+clinical+use%3A+Regulatory+considerations.&rft.au=Manohar%2C+V%3BHoffman%2C+T&rft.aulast=Manohar&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Biotechnology&rft.issn=01679430&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clinical applications; safety regulations; monoclonal antibodies; USA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polymerase chain reaction identification of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli seeded into raw milk. AN - 16538907; 2972921 AB - Molecular biological techniques for identifying pathogenic foodborne bacteria use small amounts of bacterial nucleic acids that must be purified and concentrated from complex food matrices. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies specific segments of DNA and speeds the identification of bacterial strains. Methods for preparing DNA for PCR analysis were tested by seeding enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) cells into raw milk. Test samples of milk were heated at 35 degree C and were treated with proteinase and detergent. As few as 10 super(2) cells of EIEC per ml of seeded milk were identified after amplification of a plasmid-borne gene required for invasion. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Keasler, S P AU - Hill, W E AD - Div. Microbiol., Cent. Food Saf. and Appl. Nutr., FDA, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 382 EP - 384 VL - 55 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - identification KW - milk KW - Escherichia coli KW - polymerase chain reaction KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16538907?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Polymerase+chain+reaction+identification+of+enteroinvasive+Escherichia+coli+seeded+into+raw+milk.&rft.au=Keasler%2C+S+P%3BHill%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Keasler&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; milk; identification; polymerase chain reaction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity assessment of mercury vapor from dental amalgams. AN - 16520616; 2960562 JF - Fundamental and Applied Toxicology AU - Goering, P L AU - Galloway, W D AU - Clarkson, T W AU - Lorscheider, F L AU - Berlin, M AU - Rowland, A S AD - FDA, HAZ-112, 5600 Fishers Ln., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 319 EP - 329 VL - 19 IS - 3 SN - 0272-0590, 0272-0590 KW - vapor KW - toxicity assessment KW - dental restorative materials KW - dentistry KW - mercury KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - reviews KW - toxicity KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H SM1.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - H SE3.26:MERCURY POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16520616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+assessment+of+mercury+vapor+from+dental+amalgams.&rft.au=Goering%2C+P+L%3BGalloway%2C+W+D%3BClarkson%2C+T+W%3BLorscheider%2C+F+L%3BBerlin%2C+M%3BRowland%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fundamental+and+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=02720590&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - mercury; reviews; toxicity; dental restorative materials; dentistry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic determination of fumonisins B sub(1) and B sub(2) in corn and corn products. AN - 16516561; 2959157 AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for determining fumonisin B sub(1) (FB sub(1)) and fumonisin B sub(2) (FB sub(2)), metabolites of Fusarium moniliforme), in corn and corn products. The metabolites are extracted with methanol-water (3 + 1), and the extract is added to a disposable strong anion exchange column. After the FB sub(1) and FB sub(2) are eluted from the column with methanol-acetic acid (199 + 1) and the eluate is evaporated to dryness, the metabolites are derivatized with o-phthaldialdehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol to make highly fluorescent derivatives. Reversed-phase LC with fluorescence detection is used for the final separation and determination. The estimated limit of quantitation is 10 ng/g for each metabolite. The average recoveries from corn were 67% for FB sub(1) and 71% for FB sub(2), with relative standard deviations of 5% for FB sub(1) and 3% for FB sub(2). JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Stack, ME AU - Eppley, R M AD - U.S. FDA, Div. Contaminants Chem., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 834 EP - 837 VL - 75 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - fumonisin B2 KW - corn KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - liquid chromatography KW - Zea mays KW - determination KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16516561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+fumonisins+B+sub%281%29+and+B+sub%282%29+in+corn+and+corn+products.&rft.au=Stack%2C+ME%3BEppley%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Stack&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=834&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Zea mays; determination; liquid chromatography ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of vincristine-induced hyperploidy in meiotic II metaphases of male Chinese hamsters. AN - 16509915; 2951866 AB - Induction of hyperploidy in germ cells of male Chinese hamsters treated with vincristine at dose levels of 0.25, 0.50 or 0.75 mg/kg of body weight was investigated. Animals were killed at 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after administration of the chemical by a single intraperitoneal injection. The testes were removed and processed for spermatogonial, meiotic I, and meiotic II metaphases. Significantly increased frequencies of hyperploidy were obtained in meiotic II cells harvested 6, 24 and 48 h but not 72 and 96 h after treatment, indicating the importance of multiple sampling times. Analysis of spermatogonial cells shows that the frequencies of hyperploidy in the treated samples were comparable to those of controls. Limited sampling times used in the present study as well as small sample size or possible loss of hyperploid cells may be responsible for the negative findings for spermatogonial cells. Examination of meiotic I cells from 53 animals reveals the presence of one animal with an elevated level of hyperploidy unrelated to the vincristine treatment. JF - Mutation Research AU - Sheu, C W AU - Lee, J K AU - Arras, CA AU - Jones, R L AU - Lavappa, K S AD - Genet. Toxicol. Branch (HFF-166), FDA, 200 C St., SW, Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 181 EP - 186 VL - 280 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - vincristine KW - hyperploidy KW - hamsters KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - genotoxicity KW - antineoplastic drugs KW - X 24117:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16509915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Detection+of+vincristine-induced+hyperploidy+in+meiotic+II+metaphases+of+male+Chinese+hamsters.&rft.au=Sheu%2C+C+W%3BLee%2C+J+K%3BArras%2C+CA%3BJones%2C+R+L%3BLavappa%2C+K+S&rft.aulast=Sheu&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=280&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - genotoxicity; antineoplastic drugs ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungi in aerosols of hay associated with respiratory distress in dairy cattle. AN - 16506482; 2948324 AB - Three samples of hay associated with an outbreak of bovine respiratory disease were examined for possible etiological agents. The total numbers of viable microorganisms in the samples ranged from 10 super(4) to 10 super(6) colony-forming units/mg dust. Mycological studies on these samples revealed that the predominant fungi were members of the genus Aspergillus) with fewer numbers of Penicillium, Phoma and Aureobasidium . The predominant Aspergilli observed were members of the xerophilic A. glaucus group. Counter-immunoelectrophoretic analysis demonstrated that one of the hay samples (sample 3) contained material which reacted with all except two of the bovine sera tested and with serum from both exposed and unexposed human subjects. JF - International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation AU - Sorenson, W G AU - Siegel, P D AU - Olenchock, SA AU - May, J J AU - Pratt, D S AD - NIOSH, 944 Chesnut Ridge Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 353 EP - 362 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0964-8305, 0964-8305 KW - hay KW - animal feeds KW - cattle KW - respiratory disease KW - respiratory diseases KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Pollution Abstracts KW - Penicillium KW - diets KW - Aspergillus KW - fungi KW - Phoma KW - agriculture KW - dust KW - aerosols KW - Aureobasidium KW - microorganisms KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - K 03088:Fungi: animal KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16506482?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.atitle=Fungi+in+aerosols+of+hay+associated+with+respiratory+distress+in+dairy+cattle.&rft.au=Sorenson%2C+W+G%3BSiegel%2C+P+D%3BOlenchock%2C+SA%3BMay%2C+J+J%3BPratt%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Sorenson&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Biodeterioration+%26+Biodegradation&rft.issn=09648305&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus; Penicillium; Phoma; Aureobasidium; microorganisms; fungi; animal feeds; cattle; diets; agriculture; dust; aerosols; respiratory diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of artificial hips in the United States. AN - 16499951; 40324 AB - This report summarizes information about adults with artificial hips as derived from a national survey, the 1988 National Health Interview Survey Medical Device Implant Supplement. Based on extrapolation to the United States population from the survey sample, it is estimated that 674,000 adults are currently using 811,000 artificial hips. The prevalence rate is 3.8 persons per thousand (95% confidence interval, 3.2, 4.4). 91.5% of the implants are primary implants and 8.5% are revisions, with the predominant reason for revision being loosening. Arthritis and injury are the most common reasons for hip implantation. Almost 60% of the implants have been in use for 5 years or less. This prevalence information about adults with artificial hips is unique in that it represents the first such estimates based on a probability sample of the United States population. JF - Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants AU - Sharkness, Catherine M AU - Hamburger, Stanford AU - Moore, Roscoe M AU - Kaczmarek, Ronald G AD - United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1 EP - 8 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1050-6934, 1050-6934 KW - Artificial hips KW - Hip arthroplasty KW - Joint replacement surgery KW - Hip implants KW - Health statistics KW - Implants (surgical) KW - Statistical methods KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 922.2:MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS KW - W4 462.4:PROSTHETICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16499951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Long-Term+Effects+of+Medical+Implants&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+artificial+hips+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Sharkness%2C+Catherine+M%3BHamburger%2C+Stanford%3BMoore%2C+Roscoe+M%3BKaczmarek%2C+Ronald+G&rft.aulast=Sharkness&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Long-Term+Effects+of+Medical+Implants&rft.issn=10506934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-related electrocutions involving portable power tools and appliances. AN - 16493776; 2944042 AB - Portable power tools and appliances can be identified as the source of injury in approximately 9% of occupational electrocutions. A search of fatality records for 1984 through 1986 in National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) data bases identified 102 electrocutions involving portable appliances and tools that used 110-volt AC and 33 deaths involving welding equipment, which usually operates on 220-volt AC or higher. Of these 102 deaths, 51 occurred in the construction industry, 13 in services, 13 in manufacturing, and 25 in other industries. Plumbing contractors (Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) 1711) had the largest number of deaths (15) in construction. Powered hand-tools were involved in 58 deaths, with electric drills (23) and saws (13) the two largest classes. Proper provision of groundfault circuit interrupter protection, particularly at temporary work sites, could have prevented most of the deaths from 110-volt AC. JF - J. OCCUP. MED. AU - Suruda, A AU - Smith, L AD - Trauma Investig. Sect., CDC, NIOSH, Div. Saf. Res., 944 Chestnut Ridge Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 887 EP - 892 VL - 34 IS - 9 SN - 0096-1736, 0096-1736 KW - portable power tools KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - occupational safety KW - hazards KW - statistical analysis KW - mortality KW - electricity KW - H SI0.2:DATA ANALYSIS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16493776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+OCCUP.+MED.&rft.atitle=Work-related+electrocutions+involving+portable+power+tools+and+appliances.&rft.au=Suruda%2C+A%3BSmith%2C+L&rft.aulast=Suruda&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=887&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=J.+OCCUP.+MED.&rft.issn=00961736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational safety; electricity; hazards; mortality; statistical analysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic determination of methylene blue and its metabolites in milk. AN - 16493629; 2944236 AB - A method is described for the liquid chromatographic (LC) determination on trace levels of methylene blue (MB) and its metabolites in milk. The cleanup involves protein precipitation with acetonitrile, extraction into chloroform of MB and its metabolites (azure A (AZA), azure B ( lambda-bar ZB), and azure C (AZC), extraction by chloroform of thionin at pH 10, and solid-phase extraction on a disposable carboxylic acid column. LC separation and quantitation are performed with an isocratic acetonitrile-acetate buffer mobile phase on a cyano column. Average recoveries (5-20 ppb levels) of MB, AZA, AZB, and thionin from fortified milk were 83.2, 60.0, 84.4, and 22.5%, respectively. Some incurred MB metabolites in milk are bound organically to a fraction of the milk substrate, whereas others are free demethylated forms of MB. Analysis of milk collected 8 h after administration of MB contained the following average levels (n = 6) of free MB and metabolites: MB, 31.0 ppb; AZA, 21.3 ppb; and AZB, 54.1 ppb. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Munns, R K AU - Holland, D C AU - Roybal, JE AU - Meyer, J G AU - Hurlbut, JA AU - Long, A R AD - U.S. FDA, Denver District, Anim. Drug Res. Cent., Denver Fed. Cent., Denver, CO 80225-0087, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 VL - 75 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - methylene blue KW - determination KW - methodology KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - liquid chromatography KW - metabolites KW - food contamination KW - milk KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16493629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic+determination+of+methylene+blue+and+its+metabolites+in+milk.&rft.au=Munns%2C+R+K%3BHolland%2C+D+C%3BRoybal%2C+JE%3BMeyer%2C+J+G%3BHurlbut%2C+JA%3BLong%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Munns&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=796%2B&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - metabolites; liquid chromatography; milk; food contamination; determination; methodology ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of xyloside conjugates formed from anthracene by Rhizoctonia solani . AN - 16491985; 2939788 AB - Biotransformation experiments showed that a strain of Rhizoctonia solani was able to metabolize anthracene, a tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. The fungus was grown in a complex liquid medium containing (9- super(14)C)anthracene; after 6 d, 98.8% of the anthracene had been converted to ethyl acetate-extractable metabolites. These compounds were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and detected by ultraviolet (uv) absorbance and liquid scintillation counting. The major metabolites were identified by their, uv, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. One of the principal metabolites was identified as trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydroanthracene (anthracene trans-1,2-dihydrodiol), which was shown by circular dichroism spectroscopy to be a mixture of two enantiomers. Chiral stationary phase hplc was used to resolve the trans-1,2-dihydrodiol into a (-)-1S,2S enantiomer (60%) and a (+)-1R,2R enantiomer (40%). The other principal metabolites were novel xyloside conjugates of anthracene: 1-O-(2-hydroxy-trans-1,2-dihydroanthryl)- beta -D-xylopyranoside, 2-O-(1-hydroxy-trans-1,2-dihydroanthryl)- beta -D-xylopyranoside, and 1-O-anthryl- beta -D-xylopyranoside. Anthraquinone was found in the culture media but was also present in non-inoculated controls. JF - Mycological Research AU - Sutherland, J B AU - Selby, AL AU - Freeman, J P AU - Fu, P P AU - Miller, D W AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., FDA, Jefferson, AK 72079, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 509 EP - 517 VL - 96 IS - 6 SN - 0953-7562, 0953-7562 KW - xyloside KW - anthracene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - metabolites KW - metabolism KW - Rhizoctonia solani KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16491985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mycological+Research&rft.atitle=Identification+of+xyloside+conjugates+formed+from+anthracene+by+Rhizoctonia+solani+.&rft.au=Sutherland%2C+J+B%3BSelby%2C+AL%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BFu%2C+P+P%3BMiller%2C+D+W%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Sutherland&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mycological+Research&rft.issn=09537562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rhizoctonia solani; metabolism; metabolites ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in seafood by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AN - 16488722; 2936212 AB - Modification of a previously published method for determination of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) produces very clean seafood extracts in less than half the time. After alkaline digestion of the seafood, PAHs were partitioned into 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane. The resulting extract was cleaned up by solid-phase extraction on alumina, silica, and C sub(18) adsorbents and then analyzed by gradient reversed-phase liquid chromatography with programmable fluorescence detection. Average recoveries of 12 PAHs (acenaphthene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, benzo(ghi)perylene, and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene) from 5 different matrixes (mussels, oysters, clams, crabmeat, and salmon) spiked at low parts-per-billion levels ranged from 76 to 94%. Estimated limits of quantitation ranged from 0.01 to 0.6 ppb PAHs in extracts that were free of matrix interferences. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Perfetti, G A AU - Nyman, P J AU - Fisher, S AU - Joe, FL Jr AU - Diachenko, G W AD - U.S. FDA, Div. Food Chem. and Technol., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 872 EP - 877 VL - 75 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - chromatographic techniques KW - detection KW - determination KW - human food KW - liquid chromatography KW - methodology KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - fluorescence KW - Marine KW - Brackish KW - seafood KW - public health KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16488722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+polynuclear+aromatic+hydrocarbons+in+seafood+by+liquid+chromatography+with+fluorescence+detection.&rft.au=Perfetti%2C+G+A%3BNyman%2C+P+J%3BFisher%2C+S%3BJoe%2C+FL+Jr%3BDiachenko%2C+G+W&rft.aulast=Perfetti&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=872&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-06 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - chromatographic techniques; detection; fluorescence; seafood; human food; aromatic hydrocarbons; methodology; public health; liquid chromatography; determination; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Marine; Brackish ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunochemical localization of a region of chaperonin-60 important for productive interaction with chaperonin-10. AN - 16487264; 2936096 AB - An IgG sub(1) monoclonal antibody (mAb 54G8) which binds to both Bordetella pertussis) chaperonin-60 (cpn60) and Escherichia coli cpn60 (GroEL) was produced. mAb 54G8 as well as Fab fragments prepared from this antibody were found to abolish the ability of chaperonin-10 (cpn10, GroES) to inhibit the ATPase activity of both B. pertussis cpn60 and E. coli cpn60. Electron microscopy was used to localize the binding site of the monoclonal antibody on the B. pertussis cpn60 molecule. In the absence of the antibody, the B. pertussis molecule exhibited the tetradecameric structure typical of cpn60. Both end views (showing 7-fold symmetry of the face of the molecule) and side views were evident. When mAb 54G8 was bound, B. pertussis cpn60 molecules appeared to be cross-linked so that they formed long chains. Only side views of the molecules were seen in these long chains. When B. pertussis cpn60 complexed with Fab fragments of mAb 54G8 was examined, chains were no longer observed. Instead, side views of B. pertussis cpn60 were often seen with Fab fragments extending from the ends of the molecule. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Burns, D L AU - Kessel, M AU - Arciniega, J L AU - Karpas, A AU - Gould-Kostka, J AD - Build. 29, Rm. 418, CBER, FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 25632 EP - 25635 VL - 267 IS - 36 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - Escherichia coli KW - chaperonin 10 KW - chaperonin 60 KW - interaction KW - localization KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 3: Amino Acids, Peptides & Proteins (till 1993); Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16487264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Immunochemical+localization+of+a+region+of+chaperonin-60+important+for+productive+interaction+with+chaperonin-10.&rft.au=Burns%2C+D+L%3BKessel%2C+M%3BArciniega%2C+J+L%3BKarpas%2C+A%3BGould-Kostka%2C+J&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=267&rft.issue=36&rft.spage=25632&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - localization; interaction ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Comparison of methods for spectral estimation from 1D NMR time signals. AN - 16443815; 31852 AB - Various algorithms for spectral estimation were compared for the task of estimating spectra of NMR signals. These algorithms were the fast Fourier transform, maximum entropy, and an autoregressive model. Both simulated and real data were investigated. The simulated radio frequency (rf) data was designed to mimic data from the human liver using super(31)P NMR spectroscopy. All algorithms exhibited similar bias and variance of estimates in the simulation. Data from a solution containing water and ethanol was also acquired. Here, the FFT and autoregressive methods exhibited similar bias and variance. Investigations involving maximum entropy are currently underway. JF - INT SOC FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING, BELLINGHAM, WA (USA). Vol. 1768, pp. 218-226. 1992. AU - Wear, Keith A AU - Myers, Kyle J AU - Wagner, Robert F AU - Rajan, Sunder S AU - Grossman, Laurence W Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 9 EP - 226 PB - INT SOC FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING, BELLINGHAM, WA (USA) KW - Autoregressive model KW - Fast fourier transforms KW - Liver KW - Nuclear radiation spectroscopy KW - Spectral estimation KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Algorithms KW - Regression analysis KW - W4 931:APPLIED PHYSICS GENERALLY KW - W4 922:STATISTICAL METHODS KW - W4 921:APPLIED MATHEMATICS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16443815?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Wear%2C+Keith+A%3BMyers%2C+Kyle+J%3BWagner%2C+Robert+F%3BRajan%2C+Sunder+S%3BGrossman%2C+Laurence+W&rft.aulast=Wear&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=218&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Comparison+of+methods+for+spectral+estimation+from+1D+NMR+time+signals.&rft.title=Comparison+of+methods+for+spectral+estimation+from+1D+NMR+time+signals.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Porcine aortic valve bioprostheses: Morphologic and functional considerations. AN - 16442576; 31360 AB - Porcine aortic valve (PAV) xenografts are the most frequently used type of bioprosthetic (BP) valve for the replacement of damaged or diseased heart valves. Xenograft tissues are routinely crosslinked during manufacturing using low concentrations (i.e., less than 1%) of glutaraldehyde. Crosslinking of xenograft tissue reduces the antigenicity, the rate of in vivo enzymatic degradation, and results in the loss of cell viability. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the morphologic and functional properties of the native aortic valve and the effects of tissue harvesting, fixation, anticalcification treatments, and mounting on PAV structure and function. Although efforts have been undertaken to design bioprostheses having increased durability, primary tissue failure still limits the long-term performance of xenograft replacement heart valves. JF - Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants AU - Hilbert, S L AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 99 EP - 112 VL - 2 IS - 2-3 SN - 1050-6934, 1050-6934 KW - Aldehydes KW - Crosslinking KW - Effects KW - Graft vs. host reactions KW - Heart valve prostheses KW - Porcine aortic valve bioprosthetics KW - Preimplantation processing KW - Tissue KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Agents KW - Processing KW - Grafts KW - Morphology KW - Tissue culture KW - W4 461.2:BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS KW - W4 802.2:CHEMICAL REACTIONS KW - W4 804.1:ORGANIC COMPOUNDS KW - W4 462.5:BIOMATERIALS KW - W4 461.9.1:IMMUNOLOGY KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 462.4:PROSTHETICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16442576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Long-Term+Effects+of+Medical+Implants&rft.atitle=Porcine+aortic+valve+bioprostheses%3A+Morphologic+and+functional+considerations.&rft.au=Hilbert%2C+S+L%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Hilbert&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Long-Term+Effects+of+Medical+Implants&rft.issn=10506934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agents; Processing; Grafts; Morphology; Tissue culture ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Noise power spectrum for filtered backprojection using discrete representations. AN - 16442168; 31842 AB - Previous formulations for the noise power spectrum (NPS) of tomographic images have usually been obtained using a radially bandlimited discrete representation of the continuous 2- D function under reconstruction. Also, the same sampling distance is used to represent discrete versions of the function and its projection. In this paper, the expression for the NPS is generalized to spline and bandlimited subspaces of square-integrable functions and to unequal sampling distances for the image and the projection data. The theory was used to predict the NPS obtained using several different sets of basis functions: radially bandlimited (Shepp- Logan) and angular dependent splines, i.e., B-splines of degree 0 (Haar system), degree 1, degree 3, and separable bandlimited. Measurement of the NPS of simulated images was used to confirm the predictions of the theory. The NPS shows different radial and angular dependent characteristics for each set of basis functions, and for oversampling of the projection data. The magnitude of the aliasing in the reconstructed image depends on the choice of basis functions. Thus the basis functions used and the type of object imaged must be considered in any evaluation of the imaging system. JF - INT SOC FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING, BELLINGHAM, WA (USA). Vol. 1768, pp. 117-128. 1992. AU - Guedon, Jean-Pierre AU - Gagne, Robert M AU - Myers, Kyle J AU - Wagner, Robert F Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 12 EP - 128 PB - INT SOC FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING, BELLINGHAM, WA (USA) KW - Electric filters KW - Filtered backprojection KW - Image reconstruction KW - Medical imaging KW - Noise power spectrum (NPS) KW - Radiography KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 723:COMPUTER SOFTWARE, DATA HANDLING AND APPLICATIONS KW - W4 741:LIGHT, OPTICS AND OPTICAL DEVICES KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W4 713:ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16442168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Guedon%2C+Jean-Pierre%3BGagne%2C+Robert+M%3BMyers%2C+Kyle+J%3BWagner%2C+Robert+F&rft.aulast=Guedon&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Noise+power+spectrum+for+filtered+backprojection+using+discrete+representations.&rft.title=Noise+power+spectrum+for+filtered+backprojection+using+discrete+representations.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of quantitative immunofluorescence to clinical serology: Antibody levels of Treponema pallidum . AN - 16433114; 2907929 AB - A previously reported method of quantitative immunofluorescence, employing a calibrated photometric system and chemically stabilized fluorescence intensity, was used to replace the subjective, visual method of endpoint determination with a quantitative, calibrated measurement of antibodies to Treponema pallidum in serum. The results of the quantitative immunofluorescence method showed a 90% correlation with the subjective determinations of the visual method. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Picciolo, G L AU - Kaplan, D S AD - Cent. Devices and Radiol. Health, FDA, 12200 Wilkins Ave., Rockville, MD 20852, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1294 EP - 1296 VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - antibodies KW - serological tests KW - immunofluorescence KW - measurement KW - Treponema pallidum KW - syphilis KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06721:Immunofluorescence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16433114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Application+of+quantitative+immunofluorescence+to+clinical+serology%3A+Antibody+levels+of+Treponema+pallidum+.&rft.au=Picciolo%2C+G+L%3BKaplan%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Picciolo&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Treponema pallidum; antibodies; measurement; immunofluorescence; serological tests; syphilis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mucosal immunization with filamentous hemagglutinin protects against Bordetella pertussis respiratory infection. AN - 16428956; 2906793 AB - Mucosal immunization of mice with purified Bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), by their the respiratory or the gut route, was found to protect against B. pertussis infection of the trachea and lungs. Intranasal immunization of BALB/c and (C57BL/6 x C3H/HeN)F sub(1) adult female mice with FHA prior to B. pertussis) aerosol challenge resulted in a 2 to 3 log reduction in number of bacteria recovered from the lungs and the tracheas of immunized mice in comparison to unimmunized controls. Intraduodenal immunization of adult mice with FHA before infection also resulted in approximately a 2 log reduction in the recovery of bacteria from the lungs and the tracheas of immunized mice in comparison to unimmunized controls. Immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G anti-FHA were both detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of mucosally immunized mice. Limiting dilution analysis revealed a 60-fold increase in the frequency of FHA-specific B cells isolated from the lungs of mice immunized intranasally with FHA in comparison to unimmunized control mice. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Shahin, R D AU - Amsbaugh, D F AU - Leef, M F AD - Lab. Pertussis, Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 1482 EP - 1488 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - immunization KW - respiratory tract diseases KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - hemagglutinins KW - pertussis KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16428956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Mucosal+immunization+with+filamentous+hemagglutinin+protects+against+Bordetella+pertussis+respiratory+infection.&rft.au=Shahin%2C+R+D%3BAmsbaugh%2C+D+F%3BLeef%2C+M+F&rft.aulast=Shahin&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1482&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; hemagglutinins; immunization; respiratory tract diseases; pertussis ER - TY - BOOK T1 - The immunotoxicology of cytokines. AN - 16427695; 2910202 AB - Over the past two decades a large number of soluble factors have been described that regulate cell growth, the immune response, and hematopoiesis. Many of these factors were first described as lymphokines and interleukins (ILs) and were believed to be involved mainly in the regulation of the immune response (76,77). At the same time, another set of glycoproteins was described that regulates hematopoiesis, namely, the colony stimulating factors (CSFs). It is now apparent that there is considerable overlap in the cellular origins and functions of the CSFs, ILs, and lymphokines. Food and Drug Administration approval has been for the use of interferon-gamma for decreasing infection in patients with chronic granulomatous disease. In an attempt to elucidate some of the general principles that apply to the study of cytokine immunotoxicology, this chapter focuses mainly on the clinical use of the CSFs and IL-2 in humans and the immunologically mediated toxicities their use has revealed. This group of cytokines has been sufficiently tested in animals and humans to provide significant data, although many questions remain unanswered. We will consider the use of IL-2 and the CSFs against the background of more extensive data regarding the clinical use and toxicology of interferons, which have been reviewed extensively elsewhere. JF - RAVEN PRESS, NEW YORK, NY (USA). pp. 93-108. 1992. AU - Cohen, R B AU - Siegel, J P AU - Puri, R K AU - Pluznik, D H A2 - Newcombe, DS A2 - Rose, NR A2 - Bloom, JC (eds) Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 16 EP - 108 PB - RAVEN PRESS, NEW YORK, NY (USA) SN - 0881678309 KW - colony stimulating factors KW - cytokines KW - immunotoxicology KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - interleukin 2 KW - reviews KW - immunotoxins KW - F 06773:Interferons KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - W3 33150:Cytokine based KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16427695?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Biotechnology+Research+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Cohen%2C+R+B%3BSiegel%2C+J+P%3BPuri%2C+R+K%3BPluznik%2C+D+H&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=0881678309&rft.btitle=The+immunotoxicology+of+cytokines.&rft.title=The+immunotoxicology+of+cytokines.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The catalase-peroxidase of Mycobacterium intracellulare : Nucleotide sequence analysis and expression in Escherichia coli . AN - 16420812; 2905063 AB - The activation of catalase genes in response to oxidative stress may contribute to the intracellular survival of mycobacteria. In this report, the nucleotide sequence of a mycobacterial catalase gene is described. The deduced protein sequence of this Mycobacterium intracellulare gene (MI85) was 60% identical to the Escherichia coli hydroperoxidase I (HPI) protein, 59% identical to the Salmonella typhimurium (HPI) catalase, and 47% identical to a Bacillus stearothermophilus peroxidase. The MI85 protein, expressed in E. coli , has also been shown to have peroxidase and catalase activities. Furthermore, Southern blot hybridizations, which demonstrated that a MI85 gene probe hybridizes with chromosomal DNA from thirteen different strains of mycobacteria, suggest that this catalase-peroxidase gene is prevalent in the mycobacterial genus. The availability of catalase gene probes should permit an evaluation, at the molecular level, of the role of catalase in mycobacterial pathogenesis. JF - Microbiology AU - Morris, S L AU - Nair, J AU - Rouse, DA AD - Lab. Mycobact., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 2363 EP - 2370 VL - 138 IS - 11 SN - 0022-1287, 0022-1287 KW - catalase KW - peroxidase KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - cloning KW - genes KW - Mycobacterium intracellulare KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Escherichia coli KW - gene expression KW - activity KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16420812?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+catalase-peroxidase+of+Mycobacterium+intracellulare+%3A+Nucleotide+sequence+analysis+and+expression+in+Escherichia+coli+.&rft.au=Morris%2C+S+L%3BNair%2C+J%3BRouse%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=00221287&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Mycobacterium intracellulare; genes; cloning; nucleotide sequence; gene expression; activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Subchronic oral administration of acemannan in the rat and dog. AN - 16418030; 2893072 AB - Acemannan is the USAN-accepted name for long-chain polydispersed beta-(1,4)-acetylated polymannose with interspersed O-acetyl groups, with a mannose monomer/acetyl ratio of approximately 1:1. This complex polysaccharide is extracted from Aloe vera (barbadensis Miller); the technical material contains approximately 78% acemannan. Technical grade acemannan was administered po to rats for 14 d at 5% of the diet and for 6 mo at up to 2,000 mg/kg/d, and to beagle dogs for 90 d at up to 1,500 mg/kg/d without significant effect on any parameter measured in either species. JF - Veterinary and Human Toxicology AU - Fogleman, R W AU - Shellenberger, TE AU - Balmer, M F AU - Carpenter, R H AU - McAnalley, B H AD - U.S. FDA, Laurel, MD 20707, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 144 EP - 147 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - acemannan KW - rats KW - dogs KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16418030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Subchronic+oral+administration+of+acemannan+in+the+rat+and+dog.&rft.au=Fogleman%2C+R+W%3BShellenberger%2C+TE%3BBalmer%2C+M+F%3BCarpenter%2C+R+H%3BMcAnalley%2C+B+H&rft.aulast=Fogleman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=144&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+Human+Toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - toxicity ER - TY - PAT T1 - Kaposi's sarcoma endothelial cells and growth factor. AN - 16417926; 2892924 AU - Salahuddin, S Z AU - Nakamura, S AU - Gallo, R C PY - 1992 IS - US Patent 5,106,731 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - endothelium KW - Kaposi's sarcoma KW - growth factors KW - patents KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16417926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Kaposi%27s+sarcoma+endothelial+cells+and+growth+factor.&rft.au=Salahuddin%2C+S+Z%3BNakamura%2C+S%3BGallo%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Salahuddin&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 435/7.24; Int. Cl. C12Q 1/02; C07K 15/08, 17/00. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Co-occurrence of cyclopiazonic acid and aflatoxins in corn and peanuts. AN - 16407374; 2881191 AB - Fifty samples of peanuts and 45 samples of corn, collected in Georgia during 1990, were examined for the co-occurrence of cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) and aflatoxins (AF). The corn was collected from fields in Georgia, before harvest, under the mycotoxin-monitoring program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service. The peanuts were designated for oil production or animal feed because of visible damage to the nutmeats. CPA was determined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) using a linear gradient. Solvent A was methanol-water (85 + 15), and solvent B was 4 nM ZnSO sub(4) in methanol-water (85 + 15). JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Urano, T AU - Trucksess, M W AU - Beaver, R W AU - Wilson, D M AU - Dorner, J W AU - Dowell, F E AD - U.S. FDA, Div. Contam. Chem., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 838 EP - 841 VL - 75 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - cyclopiazonic acid KW - relationships KW - occurrence KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Arachis hypogaea KW - Penicillium KW - Aspergillus KW - Zea mays KW - aflatoxins KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01022:Mycotoxins KW - K 03082:Mycotoxins KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16407374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Co-occurrence+of+cyclopiazonic+acid+and+aflatoxins+in+corn+and+peanuts.&rft.au=Urano%2C+T%3BTrucksess%2C+M+W%3BBeaver%2C+R+W%3BWilson%2C+D+M%3BDorner%2C+J+W%3BDowell%2C+F+E&rft.aulast=Urano&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=838&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aspergillus; Penicillium; Zea mays; Arachis hypogaea; aflatoxins; occurrence ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of steady-flow instability and turbulence levels in Dacron vascular grafts. AN - 16405354; 25499 AB - Fluid dynamic properties of Dacron vascular grafts were studied under controlled steady-flow conditions over a Reynolds number range of 800 to 4500. Knitted and woven grafts having nominal diameters of 6 mm and 10 mm were studied. Thermal anemometry was used to measure centerline velocity at the downstream end of the graft; pressure drop across the graft was also measured. Transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow was observed, and turbulence intensity and turbulent stresses (Reynolds normal stresses) were measured in the turbulent regime. Knitted grafts were found to have greater pressure drop than the woven grafts, and one sample was found to have a critical Reynolds number (R sub(c)) of less than one-half the value of R sub(c) for a smooth-walled tube. JF - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, Transactions of the ASME AU - Shombert, D G AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 521 EP - 526 VL - 114 IS - 4 SN - 0148-0731, 0148-0731 KW - Cardiology KW - Dacron vascular grafts KW - Flow of fluids KW - Fluid dynamics KW - Steady flow instability measurement KW - Turbulence KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Blood vessels KW - Hemodynamics KW - Biomechanics KW - Prosthetics KW - W4 461.3:BIOMECHANICS KW - W4 461.1:BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 462.4:PROSTHETICS KW - W4 631.1.1:LIQUID DYNAMICS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16405354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomechanical+Engineering%2C+Transactions+of+the+ASME&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+steady-flow+instability+and+turbulence+levels+in+Dacron+vascular+grafts.&rft.au=Shombert%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Shombert&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomechanical+Engineering%2C+Transactions+of+the+ASME&rft.issn=01480731&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood vessels; Hemodynamics; Biomechanics; Prosthetics ER - TY - PAT T1 - Method for amplifying unknown nucleic acid sequences. AN - 16404844; 2885255 AU - Silver, J AU - Feinstone, S PY - 1992 IS - US Patent 5,104,792 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - patents KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16404844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Method+for+amplifying+unknown+nucleic+acid+sequences.&rft.au=Silver%2C+J%3BFeinstone%2C+S&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 435/6; Int. Cl. C12Q 1/68; C07H 15/12; C12N 15/00. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass spectral characterization of three anthracycline antibiotics: A comparison of thermospray mass spectrometry to particle beam mass spectrometry. AN - 16382197; 2871228 AB - Mass spectral results for three anthracyclines, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and carminomycin are compared by using thermospray (TS) or particle beam (PB) (electron ionization (EI) and chemical ionization (CI)) instruments. Typically, positive ion TS mass spectrometry (MS) provided intense (MH) super(+) ions and some fragment ions, while PBMS in the El mode provided only fragment ions. Significant (MH) super(+) ions were observed for carminomycin and daunorubicin when analyzed using PBMS in the positive ion CI mode. Under negative ion detection, TSMS yielded intense (M-H) super(-) ions for these compounds while PBCIMS resulted in significant M super(-) ions. Fragment ions observed in all three anthracyclines under positive and negative ion detection by TSMS and PBCIMS are due mainly to the cleavage of glycosidic bond, loss of H sub(2)O, and the loss of the side chain (COCH sub(2)R sub(2)) from the aglycone. JF - Journal of Analytical Toxicology AU - Bloom, J AU - Lehman, P AU - Israel, M AU - Rosario, O AU - Korfmacher, WA AD - U.S. FDA, Natl. Cent. Toxicol. Res., Jefferson, AK 72079, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 223 EP - 227 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0146-4760, 0146-4760 KW - anthracycline antibiotics KW - doxorubicin KW - daunorubicin KW - carminomycin KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - characterization KW - mass spectroscopy KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16382197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Analytical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Mass+spectral+characterization+of+three+anthracycline+antibiotics%3A+A+comparison+of+thermospray+mass+spectrometry+to+particle+beam+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Bloom%2C+J%3BLehman%2C+P%3BIsrael%2C+M%3BRosario%2C+O%3BKorfmacher%2C+WA&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Analytical+Toxicology&rft.issn=01464760&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - characterization; mass spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting anaphylactoid reactions based on COSTART terms. AN - 16381127; 2871384 AB - An epidemiological study was designed to compare three nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in terms of whether or not anaphylactoid reactions were coded using the same COSTART terms. These three drugs were chosen because they are (a) in the same drug class, (b) are essentially prescribed for the same indications, (c) have been widely prescribed, and (d) have a similar marketing history. Anaphylactoid reaction reports submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) over the most recent 6 month period prior to study initiation were selected for each of the three study drugs. These records are to be carefully reviewed by an FDA medical team. A decision will be made as to whether each patient did or did not have an anaphylactoid reaction. Based on this decision and each patient's COSTART data there are two immediate analytical goals. These are to establish a method to determine the "best" algorithm for predicting anaphylactoid reactions based on COSTART terms alone and to examine whether or not this "best" algorithm is drug specific. JF - Drug Information Journal AU - Rinsler, S S AU - Stein, R A AU - Harter, JA AD - FDA, 5600 Fishers Ln., HFD-007, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 497 EP - 504 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0092-8615, 0092-8615 KW - COSTART KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - side effects KW - drugs KW - antiinflammatory agents KW - prediction KW - anaphylaxis KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16381127?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.atitle=Predicting+anaphylactoid+reactions+based+on+COSTART+terms.&rft.au=Rinsler%2C+S+S%3BStein%2C+R+A%3BHarter%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Rinsler&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.issn=00928615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Managing adverse drug reaction information. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drugs; side effects; anaphylaxis; prediction; antiinflammatory agents ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reasonable possibility: Causality and postmarketing surveillance. AN - 16379437; 2870934 AB - Postmarketing surveillance is the process of monitoring a drug as it is used in the marketplace. This is done to develop a more comprehensive understanding of drug safety and to meet basic regulatory requirements. The purpose of this paper is to describe the role of causality assessment in meeting the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) adverse drug experience (ADE) reporting requirement on marketed drugs and to emphasize the need for evaluating ADE reports as part of an ongoing effort to monitor drug safety. JF - Drug Information Journal AU - Johnson, J M AD - Div. Epidemiol. and Surv., HFD 730, FDA, Rm. 15B-31 Parklawn Build., 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 553 EP - 558 VL - 26 IS - 4 SN - 0092-8615, 0092-8615 KW - postmarketing surveillance KW - causality KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - government policy KW - side effects KW - drugs KW - legislation KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16379437?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.atitle=Reasonable+possibility%3A+Causality+and+postmarketing+surveillance.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Information+Journal&rft.issn=00928615&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Managing adverse drug reaction information. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - drugs; side effects; legislation; government policy ER - TY - CONF T1 - Comparative rates of disinfection of microbial indicator organisms in chlorinated sewage effluents. AN - 16369554; 12884 AB - The densities of several microbial indicator organisms, including fecal coliforms, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, and a male-specific bacteriophage group, were determined in the pre- and post-chlorinated effluents of three wastewater treatment plants during a rainfall event when the plants were operating near maximum flow capacity. These studies were undertaken to determine the effects of elevated flow rates on the relative rates of inactivation of the microbial indicators due to chlorine disinfection. Three distinctly different responses to chlorine treatment were observed. The vegetative bacterial organisms (fecal coliforms and enterococci) were most sensitive, the male-specific bacteriophage group was considerably more refractory, and C. perfringens, a bacterial spore-former, was highly resistant to inactivation by the disinfecting agent. These findings are significant for two reasons. First, the vegetative bacterial indicators did not reliably index the decay rates of the bacterial virus under the field conditions experienced. This has important public health ramifications to consumers of certain seafood products and to marine recreationists. Second, because of the highly refractory nature of the C. perfringens spore, this microbial indicator has practical use in assessing the magnitude of the impacts (source strengths) of sewage contaminated wastewaters on estuarine and marine environments. JF - Water Science & Technology AU - Rippey AU - Watkins, W D Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 2185 EP - 2189 VL - 26 IS - 9-11 KW - Clostridium perfringens KW - Coliform bacteria KW - Male specific bacteriophage KW - Microbial indicator KW - Performance KW - Sewage bacteriology KW - Vegetative bacterial organisms KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Disinfection KW - Bacteria KW - Bacteriophages KW - Viruses KW - Chlorination KW - W4 452.2:SEWAGE TREATMENT KW - W4 461.9:BIOLOGY KW - W4 445.2:WATER ANALYSIS KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16369554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Comparative+rates+of+disinfection+of+microbial+indicator+organisms+in+chlorinated+sewage+effluents.&rft.au=Rippey%3BWatkins%2C+W+D&rft.aulast=Rippey&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=9-11&rft.spage=2185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=02731223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - PAT T1 - Selectively cytotoxic IL-4PE40 fusion protein. AN - 16368285; 2862608 AB - A functionally active recombinant IL-4-PE40 fusion protein that selectively kills cells bearing IL-4 receptors, without killing cells lacking IL-4 receptors, wherein the fusion protein has ADP ribosylating properties. AU - Pastan, I AU - FitzGerald, D AU - Ogata, M PY - 1992 IS - US Patent 5,082,927 KW - PE40 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - recombinants KW - interleukin 4 KW - fusion protein KW - receptors KW - patents KW - W3 33050:Patents KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16368285?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent&rft.genre=patent&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Selectively+cytotoxic+IL-4PE40+fusion+protein.&rft.au=Pastan%2C+I%3BFitzGerald%2C+D%3BOgata%2C+M&rft.aulast=Pastan&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - US Cl. 530/351; Int. Cl. C07K 15/00, A61K 37/02, 39/104. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Levels of bacteria, fungi and endotoxin in stored timber. AN - 16365682; 2864041 AB - Four series of wood samples were taken from the heartwood, sapwood and bark of six species of timber logs (American basswood, black cherry, black locust, red oak, soft maple and white poplar) in the summer, fall, winter and spring. The samples were examined by dilution plating for total aerobic bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The chromogenic modification of the Limulus amebocyte lysate test was also used for bacterial endotoxin. The numbers of the micro-organisms and endotoxin in the wood were significantly higher during warm periods (spring and summer) than during cold periods (fall and winter). They were highest in the wood of American basswood and black locust, exceeding the levels of 10 super(7) cfu g super(-1) and 10 super(5) endotoxin units g super(-1), respectively. Gram-negative bacteria and Cornybacterium spp. prevailed among aerobic bacteria recovered from heartwood and sapwood, while Bacilli spp. were the most common in the bark. Enterobacter agglomerans (synonym: Erwinia herbicola), Agrobacterium radiobacter, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas maltophilia & Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were most common gram-negative bacteria. JF - INT. BIODETERIOR. BIODEGRADATION. AU - Dutkiewicz, J AU - Sorenson, W G AU - Lewis, D M AU - Olenchock, SA AD - Immunol. Sect., NIOSH, 944 Chestnut Ridge Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 29 EP - 46 VL - 30 IS - 1 KW - timber KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology KW - endotoxins KW - fungi KW - bacteria KW - A 01046:Deterioration & treatment of timber KW - K 03098:Spoilage & biodegradation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16365682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=INT.+BIODETERIOR.+BIODEGRADATION.&rft.atitle=Levels+of+bacteria%2C+fungi+and+endotoxin+in+stored+timber.&rft.au=Dutkiewicz%2C+J%3BSorenson%2C+W+G%3BLewis%2C+D+M%3BOlenchock%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Dutkiewicz&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=INT.+BIODETERIOR.+BIODEGRADATION.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - bacteria; fungi; endotoxins ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatic and gastrointestinal effects in an occupational cohort exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin. AN - 16348964; 2853021 AB - To examine the effect of occupational exposure to substances contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) on the liver and gastrointestinal system. This study found no evidence of an elevated risk for clinical hepatic or gastrointestinal disease in a group of workers with high exposure to TCDD. However, TCDD-exposed workers with a history of sufficient alcohol consumption were found to have a statistically significantly elevated risk for an out-of-range GGT compared with referents. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Calvert, G M AU - Hornung, R W AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Fingerhut, MA AU - Halperin, W E AD - NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., R-16, Cinncinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 2209 EP - 2214 VL - 267 IS - 16 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - gastrointestinal tract KW - man KW - TCDD KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - liver KW - occupational exposure KW - H SI0.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16348964?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Hepatic+and+gastrointestinal+effects+in+an+occupational+cohort+exposed+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin.&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BHornung%2C+R+W%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BFingerhut%2C+MA%3BHalperin%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=267&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=2209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - TCDD; occupational exposure; liver; gastrointestinal tract; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of chronic iron overload on iron status, lipid peroxidation, cell proliferation, and DNA damage. AN - 16344748; 2852950 AB - The relationship of dietary carbonyl Fe overload to lipid peroxidation and single strand DNA breakage in liver and intestinal mucosa was investigated using a rat model. Control animals received a standard American Institute of Nutrition diet, and treated animals were supplemented with 2.5% carbonyl Fe for 2, 4, 6, or 9 weeks. Alkaline elution rate, a sensitive indicator of DNA damage, was assessed at each interval with liver nonheme Fe and lipid peroxides. The results suggest that dietary Fe overload induces lipid peroxidation and may indicate cell proliferation in hepatic cells, without causing a correspondingly significant increase in DNA damage. JF - Journal of Trace Elements in Experimental Medicine AU - Whittaker, P AU - Wamer, W AU - Calvert, R J AD - FDA (HFF-268), 200 C St., S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 227 EP - 236 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 0896-548X, 0896-548X KW - iron KW - rats KW - intestine KW - lipid peroxidation KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - lipids KW - toxicity KW - DNA KW - cytology KW - liver KW - X 24165:Biochemistry KW - H SE4.20:POISONS AND POISONING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16344748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Effect+of+chronic+iron+overload+on+iron+status%2C+lipid+peroxidation%2C+cell+proliferation%2C+and+DNA+damage.&rft.au=Whittaker%2C+P%3BWamer%2C+W%3BCalvert%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Trace+Elements+in+Experimental+Medicine&rft.issn=0896548X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2012-02-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - iron; toxicity; liver; DNA; lipids; cytology; rats; intestine; lipid peroxidation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship between stress protein induction in rat kidney by mercuric chloride and nephrotoxicity. AN - 16330746; 2839351 AB - Adverse environmental stimuli increase the synthesis of a class of proteins referred to as stress proteins. The effect of mercuric chloride, a model nephrotoxin, on protein synthesis in male rat kidney has been evaluated. Enhanced de novo synthesis of 70- and 90-kDa relative molecular mass (M sub(r)) proteins were detected 2 hr after exposure to 1 mg Hg/kg, with maximum activity occurring at 4-8 hr. By 16 hr postinjection, synthesis of these two proteins had decreased. Dose-related increases in synthesis of these proteins, and of a 110-kDa protein, were observed 4 hr after iv injection of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg Hg/kg, with concomitant inhibition of synthesis of proteins of M sub(r) 38 and 68 kDa. At a dose of 1 mg/kg, kidney proximal tubules exhibited progressive degenerative changes from 4 to 24 hr. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Goering, P L AU - Fisher, B R AU - Chaudhary, P P AU - Dick, CA AD - CDRH/FDA (HFZ-112), 12709 Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville, MD 20857, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 184 EP - 191 VL - 113 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - mercuric chloride KW - stress proteins KW - rats KW - heavy metals KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity KW - induction KW - kidney KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16330746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Relationship+between+stress+protein+induction+in+rat+kidney+by+mercuric+chloride+and+nephrotoxicity.&rft.au=Goering%2C+P+L%3BFisher%2C+B+R%3BChaudhary%2C+P+P%3BDick%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=184&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - induction; kidney; toxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cardiovascular mortality among munitions workers exposed to nitroglycerin and dinitrotoluene. AN - 16328198; 2834392 AB - A retrospective cohort mortality study with 5529 nitroglycerin, 4989 dinitrotoluene, and 5136 unexposed workers compared the mortality of the exposed groups with that of the United States population and that of the unexposed group with life-table analysis and Poisson regression. Mortality from ischemic heart disease was close to that expected, and mortality from cerebrovascular disease was slightly less than that expected, for the workers with both nitroglycerin and dinitrotoluene exposure and for those with dinitrotoluene exposure only. A significant interaction between age and nitroglycerine exposure was detected in the Poisson regression analyses for ischemic heart disease, particularly for workers actively exposed to nitroglycerin. This study did not show a chronic effect of nitroglycerin or dinitrotoluene exposure on cardiovascular disease risk. Potential biases related to the company's medical screening program may have limited the ability to detect chronic cardiovascular effects. JF - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health AU - Stayner, L T AU - Dannenberg, AL AU - Thun, M AU - Reeve, G AU - Bloom, T F AU - Boeniger, M AU - Halperin, W AD - NIOSH, Robert Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 34 EP - 43 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - occupational health KW - cardiovascular diseases KW - munitions KW - nitroglycerin KW - dinitrotoluene KW - occupational hazards KW - heart diseases KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - chemicals KW - cardiovascular system KW - mortality KW - risk assessment KW - H SI11.8.2:CHEMICALS (CORROSION) KW - H SM10.22:CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM DISEASES KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16328198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Cardiovascular+mortality+among+munitions+workers+exposed+to+nitroglycerin+and+dinitrotoluene.&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L+T%3BDannenberg%2C+AL%3BThun%2C+M%3BReeve%2C+G%3BBloom%2C+T+F%3BBoeniger%2C+M%3BHalperin%2C+W&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational health; cardiovascular diseases; mortality; chemicals; risk assessment; cardiovascular system; occupational hazards; heart diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of endotoxin in alterations of hepatic drug metabolism by diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine adsorbed. AN - 16318574; 2836085 AB - Administration of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine adsorbed (DTP vaccine) or endotoxin (LPS) resulted in marked alterations in hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in endotoxin-responsive (R) and non-endotoxin-responsive (NR) mice. Histopathologic tissue examination showed random, multifocal inflammation with hepatocyte necrosis after DTP vaccine administration to both R and NR mice and an absence of lesions in LPS-treated mice. Premixing LPS with polymyxin eliminated the increased sleep times, but premixing DTP vaccine with polymyxin did not affect the increased sleep times. Levels of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 in plasma of R mice were markedly increased after DTP and LPS treatment, while NR mice had reduced increases. The results suggest that LPS contributes to the alterations in R and NR mice seen within the first 24 h of vaccine administration but that it is not likely to contribute to the effects observed at later time points. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Ansher, S AU - Thompson, W AU - Snoy, P AU - Habig, W AD - Div. Bact. Prod., Cent. Biol. Eval. and Res., FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 3790 EP - 3798 VL - 60 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - drug metabolism KW - vaccines KW - toxoids KW - endotoxins KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - role KW - liver KW - Clostridium tetani KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16318574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Role+of+endotoxin+in+alterations+of+hepatic+drug+metabolism+by+diphtheria+and+tetanus+toxoids+and+pertussis+vaccine+adsorbed.&rft.au=Ansher%2C+S%3BThompson%2C+W%3BSnoy%2C+P%3BHabig%2C+W&rft.aulast=Ansher&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3790&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium tetani; Bordetella pertussis; liver; drug metabolism; endotoxins; role; toxoids; vaccines ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacokinetics and excretion of phenol red in the channel catfish. AN - 16273846; 2798871 AB - Disposition of phenol red was examined in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus ) after oral or intravascular (i.v.) dosing at 10 mg/kg body weight. Phenol red was not detectable in plasma, urine, or bile after oral administration. After i.v. dosing, plasma concentrations of phenol red were best described by a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model with distribution and elimination half-lives of 2 multiplied by 3 and 21 min, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution at steady state (V sub(ss)) was 225 ml/kg and total body clearance (Cl sub(b)) was 658 ml/h per kg. Plasma protein binding was 19%. Biliary excretion was the primary route of elimination of phenol red; in 24 h, 55% of the i.v. dose was excreted in bile compared with 24% in urine. No metabolites were detected in these fluids. The use of anaesthesia during dosing had no effect on the quantitative excretion of phenol red by renal or biliary routes. JF - Xenobiotica AU - Plakas, S M AU - Stehly, G R AU - Khoo, L AD - Div. Seafodd Res., US FDA, P.O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 551 EP - 557 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0049-8254, 0049-8254 KW - phenol red KW - phenolsulfonphthalein KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - excretion KW - pharmacokinetics KW - Ictalurus punctatus KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16273846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenobiotica&rft.atitle=Pharmacokinetics+and+excretion+of+phenol+red+in+the+channel+catfish.&rft.au=Plakas%2C+S+M%3BStehly%2C+G+R%3BKhoo%2C+L&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenobiotica&rft.issn=00498254&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ictalurus punctatus; pharmacokinetics; excretion ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acid pH-induced changes in the immunoreactivity of specific antigen and antibody in circulating immune complexes from tuberculosis sera. AN - 16264999; 2798728 AB - The effect of acid pH treatment of circulating immune complexes (CIC) derived from tuberculosis sera was studied on the relative titers of specific antibody (CIC Ab) and mycobacterial antigen (CIC Ag) in the complexes. While the specific antibody titers increased, the titers of CIC Ag declined as a result of acid pH treatment of CIC, both changes being highly significant statistically. Direct exposure of TB sera to pH 2.8 also resulted in significant enhancements in the titers of antibodies directed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.). Competition experiments indicated that the acid pH-treated antibodies retained their antigen specificity. Our results indicate that acid pH treatment induces higher antigen binding ability in anti-M.tb. antibodies, present in free or complexed from in TB sera. JF - Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis AU - Udaykumar AU - Saxena, R K AD - FDA/CBER, NIH, Build. 29, Rm. 324, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 194 EP - 200 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 0887-8013, 0887-8013 KW - effects on KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - serum KW - antigen-antibody complexes KW - tuberculosis KW - man KW - pH KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - F 06074:Antigen-antibody interactions KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16264999?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Laboratory+Analysis&rft.atitle=Acid+pH-induced+changes+in+the+immunoreactivity+of+specific+antigen+and+antibody+in+circulating+immune+complexes+from+tuberculosis+sera.&rft.au=Udaykumar%3BSaxena%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Udaykumar&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=194&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Laboratory+Analysis&rft.issn=08878013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; tuberculosis; serum; antigen-antibody complexes; pH; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of micronuclei in BALB/c-3T3 cells by selected chemicals and complex mixtures. AN - 16255421; 2796903 AB - The genotoxicity of benzo(a)pyrene, cyclophosphamide, 2-aminoanthracene, 2-nitrofluorene, nitrosated coal-dust extracts, and cigarette-smoke condensate were tested with the micronucleus assay using an established mammalian cell line. The results showed that all chemicals and complex mixtures studied induced micronuclei in BALB/c-3T3 cells. These results indicate that BALB/c-3T3 cells are capable of activating certain promutagens and procarcinogens. It seems, therefore, that in addition to cell transformation, the micronucleus assay in BALB/c-3T3 cells without an exogenous activation system may be useful for in vitro studies to detect genotoxic chemicals and complex mixtures. JF - Mutation Research AU - Gu, Zu-Wei AU - Whong, Wen-Zong AU - Wallace, W E AU - Ong, Tong-Man AD - Microbiol. Sect., DRDS, NIOSH, 944 Chestnut Ridge Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 217 EP - 222 VL - 279 IS - 3 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - induction KW - micronuclei KW - xenobiotics KW - cell lines KW - genotoxicity testing KW - BALB/c cells KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16255421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Induction+of+micronuclei+in+BALB%2Fc-3T3+cells+by+selected+chemicals+and+complex+mixtures.&rft.au=Gu%2C+Zu-Wei%3BWhong%2C+Wen-Zong%3BWallace%2C+W+E%3BOng%2C+Tong-Man&rft.aulast=Gu&rft.aufirst=Zu-Wei&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - xenobiotics; micronuclei; induction; cell lines; genotoxicity testing; BALB/c cells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory methods for assessing human semen in epidemiologic studies: A consensus report. AN - 16237771; 2775621 JF - Reproductive Toxicology AU - Schrader, S M AU - Chapin, R E AU - Clegg, ED AU - Davis, RO AU - Fourcroy, J L AU - Katz, D F AU - Rothmann, SA AU - Toth, G AU - Turner, T W AU - Zinaman, M AD - NIOSH, MS-C23, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 275 EP - 279 VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - assessment KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - semen KW - epidemiology KW - man KW - methodology KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16237771?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Laboratory+methods+for+assessing+human+semen+in+epidemiologic+studies%3A+A+consensus+report.&rft.au=Schrader%2C+S+M%3BChapin%2C+R+E%3BClegg%2C+ED%3BDavis%2C+RO%3BFourcroy%2C+J+L%3BKatz%2C+D+F%3BRothmann%2C+SA%3BToth%2C+G%3BTurner%2C+T+W%3BZinaman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Schrader&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - semen; methodology; epidemiology; man; toxicity testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Micronucleus induction and phagocytosis in mammalian cells treated with diesel emission particles. AN - 16237714; 2761934 AB - Micronucleus induction and phagocytosis in V79 and CHO cells treated with diesel emission particles (DEP) were studied. After separation of the sample into supernatant and sediment fractions, the genotoxic activity of DEP was shown to reside in the supernatant fraction for the DMSO-extracted sample, and in the sedimented fraction for the dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPL), a primary component of pulmonary surfactant, dispersed sample. The results further indicate that most, if not all, genotoxic compounds associated with DEP can be extracted by DMSO and that genotoxic activity associated with DEP inhaled into the lung may also be expressed by dispersion of particles in pulmonary surfactant. JF - Mutation Research AU - Gu, Zu-Wei AU - Zhong, Bao-Zhen AU - Nath, B AU - Whong, Wen-Zong AU - Wallace, W E AU - Ong, Tong-Man AD - Microbiol. Sect., DRDS, NIOSH, 944 Chestnut Ridge Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 55 EP - 60 VL - 279 IS - 1 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - diesel emission particles KW - V79 cells KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - CHO cells KW - treatment KW - induction KW - micronuclei KW - phagocytosis KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16237714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research&rft.atitle=Micronucleus+induction+and+phagocytosis+in+mammalian+cells+treated+with+diesel+emission+particles.&rft.au=Gu%2C+Zu-Wei%3BZhong%2C+Bao-Zhen%3BNath%2C+B%3BWhong%2C+Wen-Zong%3BWallace%2C+W+E%3BOng%2C+Tong-Man&rft.aulast=Gu&rft.aufirst=Zu-Wei&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - micronuclei; induction; phagocytosis; treatment; CHO cells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding and evaluating manual handling injuries: NIOSH research studies. AN - 16235331; 2775935 AB - This paper presents an overview of NIOSH research aimed at characterizing and identifying intervention strategies for reducing musculoskeletal injuries during manual handling activities. Surveillance and evaluative research projects are reviewed. Future research directions of the Institute are also discussed. JF - Ergonomics AU - Pizatella, T J AU - Putz-Anderson, V AU - Bobick, T G AU - McGlothlin, J D AU - Waters, T R AD - NIOSH, Div. Saf. Res., Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 945 EP - 953 VL - 35 IS - 9 SN - 0014-0139, 0014-0139 KW - NIOSH KW - musculoskeletal system KW - research and development KW - back injuries KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - occupational safety KW - injuries KW - materials handling KW - ergonomics KW - H SM9.46:BACK INJURIES UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16235331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Understanding+and+evaluating+manual+handling+injuries%3A+NIOSH+research+studies.&rft.au=Pizatella%2C+T+J%3BPutz-Anderson%2C+V%3BBobick%2C+T+G%3BMcGlothlin%2C+J+D%3BWaters%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Pizatella&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=945&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ergonomics&rft.issn=00140139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - injuries; occupational safety; materials handling; ergonomics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the V79 cell metabolic co-operation assay as a screen in vitro for developmental toxicants. AN - 16153030; 2703524 AB - Inhibition of intercellular communication is proposed to be one of several possible mechanisms of teratogenesis, 38 coded compounds were tested for their effect on intercellular communication in the V79 cell metabolic co-operation assay. Test chemicals were selected from a list of 47 agents recommended for the evaluation of assays in vitro for developmental toxicants. In addition to testing the effects of chemicals on intercellular communication, a separate cytotoxicity assay determined the concentration of each chemical that inhibited clonal expansion of V79 cells. Seven of the 29 designated teratogens were positive for inhibition of intercellular communication in the V79 assay. Additionally, four teratogens and one non-teratogen inhibited intercellular communication at only a single concentration or at cytotoxic concentrations and were scored as equivocal. Therefore, the sensitivity of the V79 assay for teratogens was 24% (seven of 29 teratogens tested positive), or 38% if the four equivocal chemicals are considered positive. JF - Toxicology In Vitro AU - Toraason, M AU - Bohrman, J S AU - Krieg, E AU - Combes, R D AU - Willington, SE AU - Zajac, W AU - Langenbach, R AD - Cell. Toxicol. Sect. C23, DBBS, NIOSH, CDC, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 165 EP - 174 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0887-2333, 0887-2333 KW - toxicity testing KW - development KW - in vitro KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - teratogenicity KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16153030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+In+Vitro&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+V79+cell+metabolic+co-operation+assay+as+a+screen+in+vitro+for+developmental+toxicants.&rft.au=Toraason%2C+M%3BBohrman%2C+J+S%3BKrieg%2C+E%3BCombes%2C+R+D%3BWillington%2C+SE%3BZajac%2C+W%3BLangenbach%2C+R&rft.aulast=Toraason&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+In+Vitro&rft.issn=08872333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - teratogenicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Personnel dosimeter angular response properties and the adoption of ICRU report 39 quantities. AN - 16149889; 2700195 AB - A new set of quantities for applied health physics has been proposed by the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements with the recommendation that they be based on the ICRU sphere phantom model. The quantities proposed for individual monitoring, which incorporate specific nonisotropic angular response properties, are designed to provide an estimate of an individual's H sub(E) and are the individual dose equivalent, both superficial (effective dose equivalent, H sub(s)(d)) and penetrating (penetrating effective dose equivalent, H sub(p)(d)). Our study of typical dosimeter wearing practices indicated that there were no consistent locations on or angular orientations of dosimeters to the wearer's body. This demonstrated a difficulty in the practical implementation of personnel dosimeters having an angular response approximating H sub(p)(d) for a specifically selected point on a body, rather than the traditionally assumed design goal of dosimeters using an isotropic response. JF - Health Physics AU - Piltingsrud, H V AU - Roberson, P L AD - U.S. DHHS, CDC, NIOSH, Div. Phys. Sci. and Eng., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 385 EP - 394 VL - 62 IS - 5 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - radiation dosimetry KW - personnel KW - dose response effects KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - environmental protection KW - P 8000:RADIATION KW - H SM7.1:BASIC APPROACHES, CONCEPTS, AND THEORY UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16149889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+Physics&rft.atitle=Personnel+dosimeter+angular+response+properties+and+the+adoption+of+ICRU+report+39+quantities.&rft.au=Piltingsrud%2C+H+V%3BRoberson%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Piltingsrud&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+Physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - environmental protection ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of human T cell leukemia virus by the plant flavonoid baicalin (7-glucuronic acid, 5,6-dihydroxyflavone). AN - 16146139; 2692286 AB - The ability of baicalin (7-glucuronic acid, 5,6-dihydroxyflavone), a flavonoid compound purified from the Chinese medicinal herb, Scutellaria baicalensis georgi , to inhibit human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) was examined. Baicalin produced concentration-dependent inhibition of HTLV-I replication in productively infected T and B cells. Moreover, baicalin treatment selectively reduced the detectable levels of HTLV-I p19 gag protein in infected cells by > 70% at concentrations that produced insignificant effects on total cellular protein and DNA synthesis with no loss in cell viability. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Baylor, N W AU - Fu, Tao AU - Yan, Y-D AU - Ruscetti, F W AD - FDA/CBER/DPC, HFB-240, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 433 EP - 437 VL - 165 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - medicinal plants KW - antiviral activity KW - Scutellaria baicalensis georgi KW - flavonoids KW - baicalin KW - T cell leukemia virus I KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal KW - V 22100:Antiviral agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16146139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+human+T+cell+leukemia+virus+by+the+plant+flavonoid+baicalin+%287-glucuronic+acid%2C+5%2C6-dihydroxyflavone%29.&rft.au=Baylor%2C+N+W%3BFu%2C+Tao%3BYan%2C+Y-D%3BRuscetti%2C+F+W&rft.aulast=Baylor&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of cutaneous responses and lung function from exposure to opiate compounds among ethical narcotics-manufacturing workers. AN - 16141350; 2687667 AB - We recently demonstrated morphine-6-hemisuccinate-human serum albumin conjugate (M-6-HS-HSA) - specific IgG in serum from ethic narcotics-manufacturing workers. In this article, we present results of epicutaneous tests to opiate compounds and lung-function studies in these same workers. In opiate-exposed workers, significantly lower epicutaneous threshold concentrations were detected (compared to New Jersey referent and Cincinnati control subjects) for dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, codeine, and morphine. Significant associates existed among epicutaneous threshold concentrations between the agents tested; that is, individuals with a positive morphine skin test would generally have a positive codeine skin test, etc. Atopic status (positive cutaneous test results to two or more of nine common aeroallergens) was not significantly associated with positive opiate skin sensitivity. JF - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology AU - Biagini, R E AU - Bernstein, D M AU - Klincewicz, S L AU - Mittman, R AU - Bernstein, IL AU - Henningsen, G M AD - NIOSH, Appl. Biol. Branch, Immunochem. Res. Sect., 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 108 EP - 118 VL - 89 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - opiates KW - function KW - response KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - lung KW - occupational exposure KW - man KW - skin KW - X 24112:Chronic exposure KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16141350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Allergy+and+Clinical+Immunology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+cutaneous+responses+and+lung+function+from+exposure+to+opiate+compounds+among+ethical+narcotics-manufacturing+workers.&rft.au=Biagini%2C+R+E%3BBernstein%2C+D+M%3BKlincewicz%2C+S+L%3BMittman%2C+R%3BBernstein%2C+IL%3BHenningsen%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=108&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Allergy+and+Clinical+Immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - occupational exposure; lung; skin; man ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Another confined space, another deadly hazard. AN - 16110529; 2672531 AB - On May 25, 1988, a 21-year-old operator at a wastewater treatment plant drowned after apparently falling into the plant's recirculation pit while performing general maintenance duties. On July 31, 1991, the Commissioner of Labor for the state notified the Division of Safety Research (DSR) of this fatality and requested technical assistance. On August 12, 1991, a DSR investigator traveled to the accident site to conduct an investigation. JF - Operations Forum AU - Pettit, T A AD - NIOSH, Div. Saf. Res., Morgantown, WV, USA Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 22 EP - 26 VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 0887-2104, 0887-2104 KW - wastewater treatment plants KW - confined space KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - occupational safety KW - hazards KW - accidents KW - H SI0.4:ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - P 3000:SEWAGE & WASTEWATER TREATMENT KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16110529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Operations+Forum&rft.atitle=Another+confined+space%2C+another+deadly+hazard.&rft.au=Pettit%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Pettit&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=22&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Operations+Forum&rft.issn=08872104&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - accidents; hazards; occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bactericidal activities of tri- and penta-iodinated resins against Legionella pneumophila AN - 13718532; 199201567 AB - The ability of quaternary-ammonium anion-exchange resins binding tri-iodides or penta-iodides to disinfect potable-quality water containing Legionella pneumophila was investigated in the laboratory. Iodinated resins were effective, stable, demand-release disinfectants and no residual iodine was detected in the eluate. However, disinfection was less effective if the legionellae had been ingested by Tetrahymena pyriformis. The iodinated resins were also less effective at 4C and with water with a high content of organic matter or total dissolved salts. Further studies on the possible health risks from prolonged exposure to any possible low levels of residual iodine in water should be evaluated before iodinated resins were used in distribution systems. There are 53 references. JF - Water Research AU - Sanden, G N AU - Fields, B S AU - Barbaree, J M AU - Morrill, W E AU - Feeley, J C AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Ga. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 365 EP - 370 VL - 26 IS - 3 SN - 0043-1354, 0043-1354 KW - Tri- (seealso without prefix) KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00004:Water Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13718532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Water+Research&rft.atitle=Bactericidal+activities+of+tri-+and+penta-iodinated+resins+against+Legionella+pneumophila&rft.au=Sanden%2C+G+N%3BFields%2C+B+S%3BBarbaree%2C+J+M%3BMorrill%2C+W+E%3BFeeley%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Sanden&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Water+Research&rft.issn=00431354&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Experimental. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Petroleum contamination of an elementary school: a case history involving air, soil-gas and groundwater monitoring AN - 13717958; S199241560 AB - A case history of the migration of petroleum from a leaking tank is described. The incident polluted groundwater under a nearby school which had to be abandoned. Groundwater samples were obtained from 40 two inch diameter wells of average depth 19 ft and analysed for volatile aromatic compounds. Soil-gas samples, taken at 4 ft depths at a further 40 points, were initially screened for total ionizable hydrocarbons with a photoionization detector. From these results, 16 points were selected for gas chromatographic analysis. Soil-gas analysis proved to be a rapid approximate method of detecting the plume, which travelled in the direction of the groundwater gradient. however, the results lagged behind the plume as identified by groundwater monitoring. There was evidence of short-circuiting of contamination along the lines of sewers and other underground utilities. This phenomenon explained why monitoring wells had not detected the pollution. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Moseley, CL AU - Meyer, M R AD - U.S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, Ga. Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 185 EP - 192 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Analysis KW - Pollution (s/a contamination, individ grps below) KW - Short circuit KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13717958?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Petroleum+contamination+of+an+elementary+school%3A+a+case+history+involving+air%2C+soil-gas+and+groundwater+monitoring&rft.au=Moseley%2C+CL%3BMeyer%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Moseley&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Publication focus: Case Study. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An assessment of the hazards of lead in food AN - 13692427; S199445451 AB - The adverse health effects of lead are discussed and a Provisional Tolerable Total Dietary Intake for the protection of young children from these toxic effects if derived as 6 ug per day. Maternal consumption should be less than 25 ug per day for the protection of the foetus. For adults the proposed provisional tolerable total intake level is 75 ug per day. Single sources of lead which may exceed this level in some adults include dust, drinking water, ceramic ware or wine. The current best estimate of dietary intake of lead by children and adults is 5-11 ug per day. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Carrington, C D AU - Bolger, P M AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC Y1 - 1992 PY - 1992 DA - 1992 SP - 265 EP - 272 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Hazard KW - Pb KW - Aqualine Abstracts KW - AQ 00002:Water Quality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/13692427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=An+assessment+of+the+hazards+of+lead+in+food&rft.au=Carrington%2C+C+D%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=1992-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2000-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-12 ER -