TY - CPAPER T1 - Vibrio spp. risk assessments AN - 39754560; 3758211 AU - Miliotis, M Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39754560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Vibrio+spp.+risk+assessments&rft.au=Miliotis%2C+M&rft.aulast=Miliotis&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - PET imaging & pharmacokinetics AN - 39754454; 3756399 AU - Collins, J Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39754454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=PET+imaging+%26amp%3B+pharmacokinetics&rft.au=Collins%2C+J&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Spectroscopic imaging of pharmaceuticals AN - 39737320; 3757481 AU - Lyon, R C AU - Doub, W H AU - Jefferson, E H AU - Adams, W P AU - Spencer, JA AU - Buhse, L F AU - Nasr, M M AU - Lee, E AU - Lewis, EN AU - Treado, P J Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39737320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Spectroscopic+imaging+of+pharmaceuticals&rft.au=Lyon%2C+R+C%3BDoub%2C+W+H%3BJefferson%2C+E+H%3BAdams%2C+W+P%3BSpencer%2C+JA%3BBuhse%2C+L+F%3BNasr%2C+M+M%3BLee%2C+E%3BLewis%2C+EN%3BTreado%2C+P+J&rft.aulast=Lyon&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: InfoScience Service, Inc., 253 Commerce Dr. Suite 103, P.O. Box 7100, Grayslake, IL 60030, USA; phone: 847-548-1800; fax: 847-548-1811; email: infoscience@ais.net N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Drug efficacy & off-label use AN - 39716876; 3753484 AU - Leissa, B Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39716876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Drug+efficacy+%26amp%3B+off-label+use&rft.au=Leissa%2C+B&rft.aulast=Leissa&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Forensic investigations related to food & pharmaceutical tampering & counterfeiting AN - 39696720; 3754234 AU - Platek, F Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39696720?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Forensic+investigations+related+to+food+%26amp%3B+pharmaceutical+tampering+%26amp%3B+counterfeiting&rft.au=Platek%2C+F&rft.aulast=Platek&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - FDA perspective on regulation and validation of PATs AN - 39669045; 3754112 AU - Chiu, Y-Y Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39669045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=FDA+perspective+on+regulation+and+validation+of+PATs&rft.au=Chiu%2C+Y-Y&rft.aulast=Chiu&rft.aufirst=Y-Y&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: InfoScience Service, Inc., 253 Commerce Dr. Suite 103, P.O. Box 7100, Grayslake, IL 60030, USA; phone: 847-548-1800; fax: 847-548-1811; email: infoscience@ais.net N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Blood substitutes: Can we tame hemoglobin? AN - 39658411; 3752379 AU - Alayash, A Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39658411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Blood+substitutes%3A+Can+we+tame+hemoglobin%3F&rft.au=Alayash%2C+A&rft.aulast=Alayash&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Antimicrobial resistance in antimicrobial-treated food animals AN - 39643336; 3752058 AU - White, D G Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39643336?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+resistance+in+antimicrobial-treated+food+animals&rft.au=White%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Host response to prosthetic heart valves: Preclinical testing AN - 39637529; 3754531 AU - Hilbert, S L Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39637529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Host+response+to+prosthetic+heart+valves%3A+Preclinical+testing&rft.au=Hilbert%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Hilbert&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - FDA's mission in response to a food safety threat AN - 39637499; 3754113 AU - Levitt, J Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39637499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=FDA%27s+mission+in+response+to+a+food+safety+threat&rft.au=Levitt%2C+J&rft.aulast=Levitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Use of biological modeling in risk assessment AN - 39635610; 3758095 AU - Luu, H-MD Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39635610?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Use+of+biological+modeling+in+risk+assessment&rft.au=Luu%2C+H-MD&rft.aulast=Luu&rft.aufirst=H-MD&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Probabilistic risk assessment of food and water borne pathogens AN - 39635553; 3756673 AU - Dennis, S B Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39635553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Probabilistic+risk+assessment+of+food+and+water+borne+pathogens&rft.au=Dennis%2C+S+B&rft.aulast=Dennis&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of exposure to estrogens at various life stages on reproductive endpoints and cancer AN - 39635331; 3753656 AU - Delclos, K B Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39635331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+exposure+to+estrogens+at+various+life+stages+on+reproductive+endpoints+and+cancer&rft.au=Delclos%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Delclos&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Risk assessment: Emerging infectious agents and biologics AN - 39629299; 3757131 AU - Anderson, S Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39629299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment%3A+Emerging+infectious+agents+and+biologics&rft.au=Anderson%2C+S&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Immunoprotection: Agent non-specific immune stimulation by CpG nucleotides AN - 39615968; 3754677 AU - Klinman, D Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39615968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Immunoprotection%3A+Agent+non-specific+immune+stimulation+by+CpG+nucleotides&rft.au=Klinman%2C+D&rft.aulast=Klinman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cancer susceptibility, early detection AN - 39608057; 3752457 AU - Ratnasinghe, L Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39608057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cancer+susceptibility%2C+early+detection&rft.au=Ratnasinghe%2C+L&rft.aulast=Ratnasinghe&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Diagnostic imaging, reader variability, computer aids - And the quest for the Holy Grail AN - 39605152; 3753349 AU - Wagner, R F Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39605152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Diagnostic+imaging%2C+reader+variability%2C+computer+aids+-+And+the+quest+for+the+Holy+Grail&rft.au=Wagner%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Introduction to bioinformatics AN - 39596725; 3755001 AU - Casciano, D Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39596725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+bioinformatics&rft.au=Casciano%2C+D&rft.aulast=Casciano&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mechanisms of neurotoxicity, neuroimaging, neuropharmacology AN - 39589963; 3755527 AU - Slikker, W Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39589963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+neurotoxicity%2C+neuroimaging%2C+neuropharmacology&rft.au=Slikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cancer, apoptosis, & oxidative stress AN - 39567710; 3752455 AU - Shacter, E Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39567710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cancer%2C+apoptosis%2C+%26amp%3B+oxidative+stress&rft.au=Shacter%2C+E&rft.aulast=Shacter&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Clinical trials - The FDA perspective AN - 39566714; 3744231 AU - Powers, J H Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39566714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Clinical+trials+-+The+FDA+perspective&rft.au=Powers%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street, NW, Washington DC, 20036, USA; phone: 202.737.3600; email: ICAAC@asmusa.org; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prenatal methylmercury exposure from ocean fish consumption in the Seychelles child development study. AN - 73326578; 12767734 AB - Exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) before birth can adversely affect children's neurodevelopment. The most common form of prenatal exposure is maternal fish consumption, but whether such exposure harms the fetus is unknown. We aimed to identify adverse neurodevelopmental effects in a fish-consuming population. We investigated 779 mother-infant pairs residing in the Republic of Seychelles. Mothers reported consuming fish on average 12 meals per week. Fish in Seychelles contain much the same concentrations of MeHg as commercial ocean fish elsewhere. Prenatal MeHg exposure was determined from maternal hair growing during pregnancy. We assessed neurocognitive, language, memory, motor, perceptual-motor, and behavioural functions in children at age 9 years. The association between prenatal MeHg exposure and the primary endpoints was investigated with multiple linear regression with adjustment for covariates that affect child development. Mean prenatal MeHg exposure was 6.9 parts per million (SD 4.5 ppm). Only two endpoints were associated with prenatal MeHg exposure. Increased exposure was associated with decreased performance in the grooved pegboard using the non-dominant hand in males and improved scores in the hyperactivity index of the Conner's teacher rating scale. Covariates affecting child development were appropriately associated with endpoints. These data do not support the hypothesis that there is a neurodevelopmental risk from prenatal MeHg exposure resulting solely from ocean fish consumption. JF - Lancet (London, England) AU - Myers, Gary J AU - Davidson, Philip W AU - Cox, Christopher AU - Shamlaye, Conrad F AU - Palumbo, Donna AU - Cernichiari, Elsa AU - Sloane-Reeves, Jean AU - Wilding, Gregory E AU - Kost, James AU - Huang, Li-Shan AU - Clarkson, Thomas W AD - Department of Neurology, National Institute for Child Health and Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, USA. gary_myers@urmc.rochester.edu Y1 - 2003/05/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 17 SP - 1686 EP - 1692 VL - 361 IS - 9370 SN - 0140-6736, 0140-6736 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Animals KW - Cognition Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Cognition Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Seychelles -- epidemiology KW - Child KW - Cognition Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Comorbidity KW - Pregnancy KW - Infant KW - Fishes KW - Hair -- chemistry KW - Cohort Studies KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Female KW - Mercury Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Seafood KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73326578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Prenatal+methylmercury+exposure+from+ocean+fish+consumption+in+the+Seychelles+child+development+study.&rft.au=Myers%2C+Gary+J%3BDavidson%2C+Philip+W%3BCox%2C+Christopher%3BShamlaye%2C+Conrad+F%3BPalumbo%2C+Donna%3BCernichiari%2C+Elsa%3BSloane-Reeves%2C+Jean%3BWilding%2C+Gregory+E%3BKost%2C+James%3BHuang%2C+Li-Shan%3BClarkson%2C+Thomas+W&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.date=2003-05-17&rft.volume=361&rft.issue=9370&rft.spage=1686&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lancet+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=01406736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Lancet. 2003 Aug 23;362(9384):664-5; author reply 665 [12944071] Lancet. 2003 May 17;361(9370):1667-8 [12767728] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN LABORATORIES INTEGRATED RESEARCH FACILITY, HAMILTON, MONTANA. AN - 16359463; 10112 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of an Integrated Research Facility (IRF) at Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML) in Hamilton, Ravalli County, Montana are proposed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The mission of the RNL is to play a leading role in the nation's effort to develop diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics to combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks soon thereafter, the public is more aware of the potential for exposure of the civilian population to bioterrorism. As a result, President Bush asked the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases to increase its research into the development of safe effective countermeasures to protect the public against the threat of biological agents that might be used in bioterrorist attacks. In addition to the proposed project, this draft EIS considers a No Action Alternative. The proposed IRF would include Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories as well as BSL-3 and BSL-2 laboratories, animal facilities, administrative support offices, conference rooms, and break areas. Construction activities would provide approximately 105,000 square feet of new building space within the existing 33-acre RML campus. in the southwest portion of Hamilton. Upgrades would include a biocontainment laboratory with a BSL-4 rating, a new chilled water plant and emergency power backup system, a new additional to Boiler Building 26 to house a new natural-gas-fired boiler, and below grade systems and utility distribution tunnels to service the IRF. Cost of facility construction is estimated at $4.7 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The IRF would improve the nation's ability to study and combat entering infectious diseases and to protect public health in keeping with NIH's mission. The proposed action would provide a highly contained and secure intramural laboratory for continuation of research into emerging infectious disease within the budgetary constraints of NIH at the RML facility. Construction activities would employ up to 200 workers at the peak employment period; operation of the new facilities would employ 10 permanent workers. Approximately $18.9 million in revenues would be generated within the county during the two-year construction period. The annual payroll for the additional operational employees at the facility would amount to $6.6 million. New buildings and boiler stacks would mar visual aesthetics in the area, including views from the RML Historic District. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Operation of the IRF would involve the potential for accidental release of biological agents or the release of such agents due to terrorist attack, but these possibilities would be minimal due to precautions taken at the facility. Traffic levels within the vicinity of the IRF would increase substantially. LEGAL MANDATES: National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (49 U.S.C 303) JF - EPA number: 030235, 238 pages and maps, May 15, 2003 PY - 2003 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Biological Agents KW - Employment KW - Health Hazards KW - Historic Districts KW - Research Facilities KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources KW - Montana KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16359463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-05-15&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=ROCKY+MOUNTAIN+LABORATORIES+INTEGRATED+RESEARCH+FACILITY%2C+HAMILTON%2C+MONTANA.&rft.title=ROCKY+MOUNTAIN+LABORATORIES+INTEGRATED+RESEARCH+FACILITY%2C+HAMILTON%2C+MONTANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health; DHHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: May 15, 2003 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anthrax lethal factor represses glucocorticoid and progesterone receptor activity AN - 18749495; 5626000 AB - We report here that a bacterial toxin, anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx), at very low concentrations represses glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transactivation in a transient transfection system and the activity of an endogenous GR-regulated gene in both a cellular system and an animal model. This repression is noncompetitive and does not affect ligand binding or DNA binding, suggesting that anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) probably exerts its effects through a cofactor(s) involved in the interaction between GR and the basal transcription machinery. LeTx-nuclear receptor repression is selective, repressing GR, progesterone receptor B (PR-B), and estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha ), but not the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) or ER beta . GR repression was also caused by selected p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors, suggesting that the LeTx action may result in part from its known inactivation of MAP kinases. Simultaneous loss of GR and other nuclear receptor activities could render an animal more susceptible to lethal or toxic effects of anthrax infection by removing the normally protective antiinflammatory effects of these hormones, similar to the increased mortality seen in animals exposed to both GR antagonists and infectious agents or bacterial products. These finding have implications for development of new treatments and prevention of the toxic effects of anthrax. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Webster, JI AU - Tonelli, L H AU - Moayeri, M AU - Simons, SS Jr AU - Leppla, SH AU - Sternberg, E M AD - Section on Neuroendocrine Immunology and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, ems@codon.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/05/13/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 13 SP - 5706 EP - 5711 VL - 100 IS - 10 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - anthrax lethal factor KW - biological warfare agents KW - glucocorticoids KW - lethal factor KW - progesterone receptors KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - N 14553:Transcription initiation, elongation & termination KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18749495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Anthrax+lethal+factor+represses+glucocorticoid+and+progesterone+receptor+activity&rft.au=Webster%2C+JI%3BTonelli%2C+L+H%3BMoayeri%2C+M%3BSimons%2C+SS+Jr%3BLeppla%2C+SH%3BSternberg%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=JI&rft.date=2003-05-13&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=5706&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.1036973100 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1036973100 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Alcohol Use by Persons under the Legal Drinking Age of 21. The NHSDA Report. AN - 62160613; ED478361 AB - This report presents findings on underage alcohol use (i.e., alcohol use among persons under the age of 21) from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). The NHSDA asks respondents about the quantity and frequency of their alcohol use in the past month. The NHSDA also asks about problems or behaviors associated with their alcohol use in the past 12 months, including driving under the influence of alcohol, symptoms of alcohol dependence or abuse, and receipt of treatment for alcohol problems. Data also were analyzed by the type of county in which respondents lived at the time of the interview and by college enrollment status. Moreover, because the NHSDA since 1999 has included people in all 50 States and the District of Columbia, it is possible to produce estimates at the State level. Therefore, this report also includes estimates of underage alcohol use at the State level based on combined data from 3 survey years: 1999 through 2001. (Author) Y1 - 2003/05/09/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 09 SP - 7 KW - National Household Survey on Drug Abuse KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Drinking KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Incidence KW - Tables (Data) KW - Behavior Problems KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62160613?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bromate induces loss of heterozygosity in the Thymidine kinase gene of L5178Y/Tk super(+/-)-3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells AN - 18776823; 5643845 AB - Potassium bromate (KBrO3) induces DNA damage and tumors in mice and rats, but is a relatively weak mutagen in microbial assays and the in vitro mammalian Hprt assay. Concern that there may be a human health risk associated with bromate, a disinfectant by-product of ozonation, has accompanied the increasing use of ozonation as an alternative to chlorination for treatment of drinking water. In this study, we have evaluated the mutagenicity of KBrO3 and sodium bromate (NaBrO3) in the Tk gene of mouse lymphoma cells. In contrast to the weak mutagenic activity seen in the previous studies, bromate induced a mutant frequency of over 10010 super(-6) at 0.6mM with minimal cytotoxicity (70-80% survival) and over 130010 super(-6) at 3mM ( similar to 10% survival). The increase in the Tk mutant frequency was primarily due to the induction of small colony of Tk mutants. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of 384 mutants from control and 2.7mM KBrO3-treated cells showed that almost all (99%) bromate-induced mutants resulted from LOH, whereas in the control cultures 77% of the Tk mutants were LOH. Our results suggest that bromate is a potent mutagen in the Tk gene of mouse lymphoma cells, and the mechanism of action primarily involves LOH. The ability of the mouse lymphoma assay to detect a wider array of mutational events than the microbial or V79 Hprt assays may account for the potent mutagenic response. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Harrington-Brock, K AU - Collard, D D AU - Chen, T AD - National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, tchen@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05/09/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 09 SP - 21 EP - 28 VL - 537 IS - 1 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - Hprt gene KW - Potassium bromate KW - double prime Tk gene KW - mice KW - potassium bromate KW - sodium bromate KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - G 07397:Rodentia (mice) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18776823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Bromate+induces+loss+of+heterozygosity+in+the+Thymidine+kinase+gene+of+L5178Y%2FTk+super%28%2B%2F-%29-3.7.2C+mouse+lymphoma+cells&rft.au=Harrington-Brock%2C+K%3BCollard%2C+D+D%3BChen%2C+T&rft.aulast=Harrington-Brock&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-05-09&rft.volume=537&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=21&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1383-5718%2803%2900044-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(03)00044-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ingrown toenail relief drug products for over-the-counter human use. Final rule. AN - 73285831; 12737160 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule establishing conditions under which over-the-counter (OTC) ingrown toenail relief drug products containing sodium sulfide 1 percent in a gel vehicle are generally recognized as safe and effective and not misbranded. This rule also amends the regulation that lists nonmonograph active ingredients in OTC drug products for ingrown toenail relief by removing sodium sulfide from that list. This final rule is part of FDA's ongoing review of OTC drug products. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2003/05/07/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 07 SP - 24347 EP - 24349 VL - 68 IS - 88 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - 0 KW - Sulfides KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- adverse effects KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Product Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- classification KW - Nails, Ingrown -- drug therapy KW - Sulfides -- therapeutic use KW - Sulfides -- classification KW - Sulfides -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73285831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Ingrown+toenail+relief+drug+products+for+over-the-counter+human+use.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2003-05-07&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=88&rft.spage=24347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hydrogen peroxide formation and actin filament reorganization by Cdc42 are essential for ethanol-induced in vitro angiogenesis. AN - 73251718; 12598535 AB - This report focuses on the identification of the molecular mechanisms of ethanol-induced in vitro angiogenesis. The manipulation of angiogenesis is an important therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic inflammation. Our results showed that ethanol stimulation altered the integrity of actin filaments and increased the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia in SVEC4-10 cells. Further experiments demonstrated that ethanol stimulation increased cell migration and invasion and induced in vitro angiogenesis in SVEC4-10 cells. Mechanistically, ethanol stimulation activated Cdc42 and produced H(2)O(2) a reactive oxygen species intermediate in SVEC4-10 cells. Measuring the time course of Cdc42 activation and H(2)O(2) production upon ethanol stimulation revealed that the Cdc42 activation and the increase of H(2)O(2) lasted more than 3 h, which indicates the mechanisms of the long duration effects of ethanol on the cells. Furthermore, either overexpression of a constitutive dominant negative Cdc42 or inhibition of H(2)O(2) production abrogated the effects of ethanol on SVEC4-10 cells, indicating that both the activation of Cdc42 and the production of H(2)O(2) are essential for the actions of ethanol. Interestingly, we also found that overexpression of a constitutive dominant positive Cdc42 itself was sufficient to produce H(2)O(2) and to induce in vitro angiogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that ethanol stimulation can induce H(2)O(2) production through the activation of Cdc42, which results in reorganizing actin filaments and increasing cell motility and in vitro angiogenesis. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Qian, Yong AU - Luo, Jia AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Harris, Gabriel K AU - Millecchia, Lyndell AU - Flynn, Daniel C AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. yaq2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05/02/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 02 SP - 16189 EP - 16197 VL - 278 IS - 18 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Actins KW - 0 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Movement -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Cell Line KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- metabolism KW - Actins -- drug effects KW - Ethanol -- toxicity KW - Neovascularization, Physiologic -- drug effects KW - cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein -- physiology KW - Actins -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73251718?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Hydrogen+peroxide+formation+and+actin+filament+reorganization+by+Cdc42+are+essential+for+ethanol-induced+in+vitro+angiogenesis.&rft.au=Qian%2C+Yong%3BLuo%2C+Jia%3BLeonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BHarris%2C+Gabriel+K%3BMillecchia%2C+Lyndell%3BFlynn%2C+Daniel+C%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=Yong&rft.date=2003-05-02&rft.volume=278&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=16189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic exposure to NMDA receptor and sodium channel blockers during development in monkeys and rats: long-term effects on cognitive function. AN - 73518691; 12853303 AB - The effects of chronic administration of MK-801 (NMDA-receptor antagonist) and remacemide (sodium channel blocker) on monkey learning of several brain function tasks was assessed in juveniles (nine months old). Low (LO) and high (HI) doses of both drugs were given orally each day for 18 months. There were no adverse effects of any treatment on tests of short-term memory or motivation. HI doses of both MK-801 and remacemide delayed acquisition of a visual discrimination task (the remacemide effect was much greater). HI doses of remacemide alone severely disrupted learning task acquisition and this effect lasted for several months after dosing. Thus, in monkeys, chronic blockade of NMDA receptors is relatively well tolerated, whereas blockade of sodium channels (perhaps in conjunction with NMDA receptor blockade) has long-term-perhaps permanent-consequences. To further explore the roles of NMDA receptors and sodium channels in these effects, MK-801, phenytoin (sodium channel blocker), or both were administered to rats and the acquisition of tasks similar to those used in the monkey study were assessed. Dosing began at weaning and continued for nine months. Throughout the study, HI MK-801 subjects exhibited impaired performance in all tasks. Some effects of MK-801 were blocked completely by phenytoin. In the rat, blockade of sodium channels was well tolerated but blockade of NMDA receptors had significant and long-term (permanent?) adverse consequences. These data contrast markedly with those obtained for the monkey and suggest, at least for some drug classes, that the rat might not be a good predictor of effects in primates. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Paule, Merle G AU - Fogle, C Matthew AU - Allen, Richard R AU - Pearson, Edwin C AU - Hammond, Timothy G AU - Popke, E Jon AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. mpaule@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 116 EP - 22; discussion 123-4 VL - 993 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - Sodium Channel Blockers KW - Dizocilpine Maleate KW - 6LR8C1B66Q KW - remacemide KW - EH6763C1IC KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Learning -- drug effects KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- metabolism KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Haplorhini KW - Acetamides -- pharmacology KW - Cognition -- drug effects KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Acetamides -- administration & dosage KW - Sodium Channel Blockers -- pharmacology KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists -- administration & dosage KW - Sodium Channel Blockers -- administration & dosage KW - Brain -- growth & development KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Dizocilpine Maleate -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73518691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Chronic+exposure+to+NMDA+receptor+and+sodium+channel+blockers+during+development+in+monkeys+and+rats%3A+long-term+effects+on+cognitive+function.&rft.au=Paule%2C+Merle+G%3BFogle%2C+C+Matthew%3BAllen%2C+Richard+R%3BPearson%2C+Edwin+C%3BHammond%2C+Timothy+G%3BPopke%2C+E+Jon&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=Merle&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multielement analysis of housewares and other food-related items by a 241Am radioisotope X-ray fluorescence transportable spectrometer and handheld analyzers. AN - 73516647; 12852580 AB - Radioisotopic X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (RXRFS) performed with an analyzer based on a 241Am excitation source was investigated as a potential field method for screening housewares for the presence of toxic elements. A compact system based on commercially available detection and multichannel analyzer components was used to measure surface concentrations of Au, Ba, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cs, Cu, Fe, La, Pb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Zn, and Zr in a wide variety of housewares and other food-related items. Certified reference material solders, glasses, and paint films and well-characterized oven-fired test tile glazes, solders, and metal can seams were analyzed to determine element sensitivities and analytical limits and to demonstrate the accuracy of the instrument. With analysis times of 3-5 min, the analyzer demonstrated 3sigma limits of detection of 70. Very good accuracy was demonstrated for glaze and thin-sample analyses, whereas analysis was possible for solders and metal can seams with greater uncertainties (20-40%). Two commercially available handheld RXRFS analyzers, evaluated as part of the study, yielded results that agreed well with those obtained with the 124Am-based RXRFS system. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Anderson, David L AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Elemental Research Branch, College Park, MD 20740, USA. david.anderson@cfsan.fda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 583 EP - 597 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Elements KW - 0 KW - Metals KW - Americium KW - VW92PHU2UY KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission KW - Glass -- analysis KW - Ceramics -- analysis KW - Metals -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73516647?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Multielement+analysis+of+housewares+and+other+food-related+items+by+a+241Am+radioisotope+X-ray+fluorescence+transportable+spectrometer+and+handheld+analyzers.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+David+L&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of chlorogenic acid on hydroxyl radical. AN - 73502809; 12841649 AB - Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is considered to act as an antioxidant. However, the inhibitory effects of CGA on specific radical species are not well understood. Electron spin resonance (ESR) in combination with spin trapping techniques was utilized to detect free radicals. 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) was used as a spin trapping reagent while the Fenton reaction was used as a source of hydroxyl radical (*OH). We found that CGA scavenges *OH in a dose-dependent manner. The kinetic parameters, IC50 and Vmax, for CGA scavenging of *OH were 110 and 1.27 microM/sec, respectively. The rate constant for the scavenging of *OH by CGA was 7.73 x 10(9) M(-1) sec(-1). Our studies suggest that the antioxidant properties of CGA may involve a direct scavenging effect of CGA on *OH. JF - Molecular and cellular biochemistry AU - Zang, Lun-Yi AU - Cosma, Greg AU - Gardner, Henry AU - Castranova, Vince AU - Vallyathan, Val AD - Exposure Assessment Branch and Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. laz7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 205 EP - 210 VL - 247 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - 0 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Chlorogenic Acid KW - 318ADP12RI KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide KW - 7170JZ1QF3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spin Trapping KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Cyclic N-Oxides -- pharmacology KW - Inhibitory Concentration 50 KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- chemistry KW - Cyclic N-Oxides -- chemistry KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Chlorogenic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Hydroxyl Radical -- chemistry KW - Chlorogenic Acid -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73502809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Effect+of+chlorogenic+acid+on+hydroxyl+radical.&rft.au=Zang%2C+Lun-Yi%3BCosma%2C+Greg%3BGardner%2C+Henry%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BVallyathan%2C+Val&rft.aulast=Zang&rft.aufirst=Lun-Yi&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=247&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cocaine induces a dose-dependent alteration in the expression of immediate early genes c-fos and SP-1 and in nuclear factor NF-kappabeta in PC12 cells. AN - 73467188; 12853329 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Imam, Syed Z AU - Duhart, Helen M AU - Skinner, John T AU - Ali, Syed F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, US FDA/NCTR, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 362; discussion 387 EP - 93 VL - 993 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - NF-kappa B KW - Sp1 Transcription Factor KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - PC12 Cells KW - Sp1 Transcription Factor -- genetics KW - Genes, fos KW - Cocaine -- pharmacology KW - NF-kappa B -- genetics KW - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73467188?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Cocaine+induces+a+dose-dependent+alteration+in+the+expression+of+immediate+early+genes+c-fos+and+SP-1+and+in+nuclear+factor+NF-kappabeta+in+PC12+cells.&rft.au=Imam%2C+Syed+Z%3BDuhart%2C+Helen+M%3BSkinner%2C+John+T%3BAli%2C+Syed+F&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=Syed&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=362%3B+discussion+387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A statistical approach in using cDNA array analysis to determine modest changes in gene expression in several brain regions after neurotoxic insult. AN - 73464878; 12853330 AB - Modest changes in gene expression of three-fold or less might be expected after mild to moderate neurotoxic exposure to classes of compounds, such as the substituted amphetamines, or at time points that are weeks after more severe neurotoxic exposures. When many genes appear to change expression by less than two-fold, it is crucial to run several pairs of arrays and use statistical analysis to determine which genes are really changing. This limits the number of genes that have to undergo the time consuming task of performing RT-PCR to validate change in expression levels. We describe here methods for statistically determining which genes are being expressed above background levels. These methods are used to compare expression differences among the striatum, parietal cortex, posterior lateral amygdaloid nucleus, and substantia nigra brain regions, all of which differ significantly in their gene expression profiles. In these comparisons, it was possible to distinguish differences among hundreds of genes with manageable estimated false discovery rates. The effect of amphetamine treatment on gene expression in posterior lateral amygdaloid nucleus was also evaluated. The expression data indicate that many genes have changed, but in this case it is more difficult to separate affected genes from false positives. The optimum list has 50 genes, of which 32% are expected to be false positives. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Delongchamp, Robert R AU - Harris, Angela J AU - Bowyer, John F AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 363 EP - 76; discussion 387-93 VL - 993 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants KW - 0 KW - Amphetamine KW - CK833KGX7E KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants -- pharmacology KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Male KW - Gene Expression -- drug effects KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Brain -- physiology KW - Amphetamine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73464878?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=A+statistical+approach+in+using+cDNA+array+analysis+to+determine+modest+changes+in+gene+expression+in+several+brain+regions+after+neurotoxic+insult.&rft.au=Delongchamp%2C+Robert+R%3BHarris%2C+Angela+J%3BBowyer%2C+John+F&rft.aulast=Delongchamp&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 3-nitropropionic acid inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) activity in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells: antagonism by L-carnitine. AN - 73464829; 12853322 AB - 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH, a part of complex II) that links the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to the respiratory electron transport chain. 3-NPA inactivates SDH by covalently and irreversibly binding to its active site. We previously examined the effects of 3-NPA on the histochemical activity of SDH in vivo, by using the reduction of a yellow tetrazolium dye (nitro blue tetrazolium) to a blue formazan as an indicator. In studies of cultured cells, the related dye methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) has commonly been used as an indicator of the presence and number of viable cells; that is cells that are capable of producing energy via the TCA cycle. Here we observed that doses of 3-NPA as low as 10(-8) M inhibited formazan production in an in vitro model system using CHO cells. This effect was antagonized by l-carnitine, which greatly increased the production of formazan, indicating a considerable improvement in energy production by the cultured cells. CHO cells appear to be a convenient model for the evaluation of therapeutic compounds that may modulate cellular bioenergetics. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Scallet, Andrew C AU - Haley, Raney L AU - Scallet, Dori M AU - Duhart, Helen M AU - Binienda, Zbigniew K AD - Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, USFDA, Arkansas 72079, USA. AScallet@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 305 EP - 12; discussion 345-9 VL - 993 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Coloring Agents KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Formazans KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Propionates KW - Tetrazolium Salts KW - Thiazoles KW - MTT formazan KW - 23305-68-2 KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.3.99.1 KW - thiazolyl blue KW - EUY85H477I KW - 3-nitropropionic acid KW - QY4L0FOX0D KW - Carnitine KW - S7UI8SM58A KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Formazans -- metabolism KW - Cell Respiration -- drug effects KW - Coloring Agents -- metabolism KW - Tetrazolium Salts -- metabolism KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Thiazoles -- metabolism KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- metabolism KW - CHO Cells KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Cricetinae KW - Carnitine -- pharmacology KW - Carnitine -- metabolism KW - Propionates -- pharmacology KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Propionates -- metabolism KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73464829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=3-nitropropionic+acid+inhibition+of+succinate+dehydrogenase+%28complex+II%29+activity+in+cultured+Chinese+hamster+ovary+cells%3A+antagonism+by+L-carnitine.&rft.au=Scallet%2C+Andrew+C%3BHaley%2C+Raney+L%3BScallet%2C+Dori+M%3BDuhart%2C+Helen+M%3BBinienda%2C+Zbigniew+K&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuroprotection or neurotoxicity: impact of discontinuous dose-response curves on risk assessment. AN - 73459585; 12853308 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Slikker, William AU - Duhart, Helen AU - Gaylor, David AU - Imam, Syed AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 158; discussion 159 EP - 60 VL - 993 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Necrosis KW - Apoptosis KW - Cocaine -- toxicity KW - PC12 Cells KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73459585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Neuroprotection+or+neurotoxicity%3A+impact+of+discontinuous+dose-response+curves+on+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Slikker%2C+William%3BDuhart%2C+Helen%3BGaylor%2C+David%3BImam%2C+Syed&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=158%3B+discussion+159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interferon for preventing and treating hepatocellular carcinoma associated with the hepatitis B and C viruses. AN - 73451178; 12846400 AB - The possibility that interferon-alpha might be effective for the prevention or treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma is suggested by its efficacy against the associated hepatitis B and C viruses, by its efficacy in the treatment of some other human tumours, and by evidence that interferon-alpha may inhibit the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and their production of hepatitis B surface antigen. Few studies support the use of interferon-alpha for preventing hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast, benefit from the use of interferon-alpha to prevent hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma is suggested in a large number of studies, but most of these studies have weaknesses of study design that preclude definitive conclusions. Nevertheless, most of these studies suggest that the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is lower in hepatitis C virus-infected patients receiving interferon-alpha, particularly in patients with a sustained response to interferon-alpha, compared to nonresponders. As a treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, interferon-alpha was only evaluated in a small number of patients with advanced disease; 'partial responses' and prolongation of survival times in a few of these studies suggest that additional studies should be done in patients with less advanced disease. JF - Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver AU - Tabor, E AD - FDA/CBER, HFM-300, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 297 EP - 305 VL - 35 IS - 5 SN - 1590-8658, 1590-8658 KW - Interferon-alpha KW - 0 KW - Interferon-beta KW - 77238-31-4 KW - Interferons KW - 9008-11-1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Interferon-alpha -- therapeutic use KW - Hepatitis B -- complications KW - Interferon-beta -- therapeutic use KW - Hepatitis C -- complications KW - Humans KW - Drug Synergism KW - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local -- prevention & control KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- virology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- complications KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- complications KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- drug therapy KW - Liver Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Liver Neoplasms -- virology KW - Interferons -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73451178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digestive+and+liver+disease+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Italian+Society+of+Gastroenterology+and+the+Italian+Association+for+the+Study+of+the+Liver&rft.atitle=Interferon+for+preventing+and+treating+hepatocellular+carcinoma+associated+with+the+hepatitis+B+and+C+viruses.&rft.au=Tabor%2C+E&rft.aulast=Tabor&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Digestive+and+liver+disease+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Italian+Society+of+Gastroenterology+and+the+Italian+Association+for+the+Study+of+the+Liver&rft.issn=15908658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of paralytic shellfish poison by rapid cell bioassay: antagonism of voltage-gated sodium channel active toxins in vitro. AN - 73450561; 12852573 AB - Although cytotoxicity assays provide several advantages over mouse bioassays, sodium channel-blocking marine toxins, such as those associated with paralytic shellfish poison (PSP), require prolonged incubation periods of 24-48 h. This is in marked contrast to in vitro detection of sodium channel-enhancing marine toxins such as ciguatoxins or brevetoxins which can be accomplished in as few as 4-6 h. We developed a modified PSP cell bioassay that is as rapid as in vitro methods for sodium channel-enhancing toxins. The cell bioassay is based on a saxitoxin-dependent antagonism of the rapid in vitro effects of brevetoxin or ciguatoxin. Comparative analysis of naturally incurred PSP residues by both antagonism cell bioassay and the mouse bioassay demonstrated significant correlation. The simplicity, sensitivity, and enhanced kinetics of the new antagonism cell bioassay format provide the basis for development of a practical alternative to conventional mouse testing for PSP. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Manger, Ronald L AU - Leja, Linda S AU - Lee, Sue Y AU - Hungerford, James M AU - Kirkpatrick, Mary Ann AU - Yasumoto, Takeshi AU - Wekell, Marleen M AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Seafood Products Research Center, 22201 23rd Dr, SE, Bothell, WA 98041-3012, USA. rmanger@fhcrc.org PY - 2003 SP - 540 EP - 543 VL - 86 IS - 3 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Sodium Channel Blockers KW - 0 KW - Saxitoxin KW - 35523-89-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Biological Assay KW - Mice KW - Cell Line KW - Sodium Channel Blockers -- toxicity KW - Saxitoxin -- analysis KW - Saxitoxin -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73450561?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Detection+of+paralytic+shellfish+poison+by+rapid+cell+bioassay%3A+antagonism+of+voltage-gated+sodium+channel+active+toxins+in+vitro.&rft.au=Manger%2C+Ronald+L%3BLeja%2C+Linda+S%3BLee%2C+Sue+Y%3BHungerford%2C+James+M%3BKirkpatrick%2C+Mary+Ann%3BYasumoto%2C+Takeshi%3BWekell%2C+Marleen+M&rft.aulast=Manger&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=540&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of caspase III inhibition in methamphetamine-induced alterations in p53 and bcl-2 expression: correlation with dopaminergic neurotoxicity. AN - 73441305; 12853327 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Imam, Syed Z AU - Oetinger, Michelle AU - Skinner, JohnT AU - Slikker, W AU - Ali, Syed F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 350; discussion 387 EP - 93 VL - 993 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Caspase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Casp3 protein, mouse KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspases KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 -- metabolism KW - Dopamine Agents -- pharmacology KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- genetics KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 -- genetics KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- metabolism KW - Caspases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73441305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+role+of+caspase+III+inhibition+in+methamphetamine-induced+alterations+in+p53+and+bcl-2+expression%3A+correlation+with+dopaminergic+neurotoxicity.&rft.au=Imam%2C+Syed+Z%3BOetinger%2C+Michelle%3BSkinner%2C+JohnT%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BAli%2C+Syed+F&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=Syed&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=350%3B+discussion+387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular mechanisms of dopaminergic neurodegeneration: genetic and environmental basis. AN - 73441117; 12853331 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Imam, Syed Z AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, US FDA/NCTR, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 377; discussion 387 EP - 93 VL - 993 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - NR4A2 protein, human KW - Nr4a2 protein, mouse KW - Nr4a2 protein, rat KW - Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2 KW - Transcription Factors KW - Uncoupling Agents KW - Rotenone KW - 03L9OT429T KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Rats KW - Rotenone -- metabolism KW - Uncoupling Agents -- metabolism KW - Middle Aged KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Parkinson Disease -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Parkinson Disease -- pathology KW - Parkinson Disease -- genetics KW - Neurons -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73441117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Molecular+mechanisms+of+dopaminergic+neurodegeneration%3A+genetic+and+environmental+basis.&rft.au=Imam%2C+Syed+Z&rft.aulast=Imam&rft.aufirst=Syed&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=377%3B+discussion+387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Changes in ciprofloxacin utilization as shown in a large pharmacy claims database: effects of proximity to criminal anthrax exposure in October 2001. AN - 73425734; 12836787 AB - Identify, during the period of criminal anthrax exposures in October 2001, changes in utilization of ciprofloxacin and geographic patterns of any identified variations. Observational. United States. Individuals making prescription claims through a pharmacy benefits management company. Analysis of AdvancePCS pharmacy claims database. Percentage change in ciprofloxacin utilization for 2000 and 2001 and, by locale, for September and October 2001. Utilization of ciprofloxacin tablets was significantly lower in calendar year 2001 than in calendar year 2000 (median decline, 10.3%) for all months except October, when utilization of ciprofloxacin increased 9.8%. During the period of anthrax exposures (October 2001 versus September 2001), affected geographic areas, including New York (an increase of 62.5%), some other Mid-Atlantic states, and Florida (28.5%), had some of the highest percentage increases in the rate of ciprofloxacin utilization. Many Americans actively sought prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin during the course of the October 2001 anthrax attack and that utilization was higher in, but not limited to, locales with publicized cases of disease. Pharmacists, clinicians, and public health officials should note that such behavior may be expected in the event of a similar attack and should be familiar with current recommendations for the assessment and management of anthrax exposure. JF - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA AU - Brinker, Allen AU - Pamer, Carol AU - Beitz, Julie AD - Division of Drug Risk Evaluation, Office of Drug Safety, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. brinkera@cder.fda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 375 EP - 378 VL - 43 IS - 3 SN - 1544-3191, 1544-3191 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Crime KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) -- standards KW - Humans KW - Databases, Factual KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Bioterrorism KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- standards KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anthrax -- epidemiology KW - Drug Utilization Review -- trends KW - Ciprofloxacin -- therapeutic use KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73425734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmacists+Association+%3A+JAPhA&rft.atitle=Changes+in+ciprofloxacin+utilization+as+shown+in+a+large+pharmacy+claims+database%3A+effects+of+proximity+to+criminal+anthrax+exposure+in+October+2001.&rft.au=Brinker%2C+Allen%3BPamer%2C+Carol%3BBeitz%2C+Julie&rft.aulast=Brinker&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmacists+Association+%3A+JAPhA&rft.issn=15443191&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-31 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Male reproductive effects of phthalates: an emerging picture. AN - 73411113; 12859023 JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Hoppin, Jane A AD - Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. hoppin1@niehs.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 259 EP - 260 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Phthalic Acids KW - 0 KW - Dibutyl Phthalate KW - 2286E5R2KE KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate KW - C42K0PH13C KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- toxicity KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Infertility, Male -- chemically induced KW - Dibutyl Phthalate -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Semen -- drug effects KW - Phthalic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73411113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Male+reproductive+effects+of+phthalates%3A+an+emerging+picture.&rft.au=Hoppin%2C+Jane+A&rft.aulast=Hoppin&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Epidemiology. 2003 May;14(3):269-77 [12859026] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuroprotective effects of L-carnitine in induced mitochondrial dysfunction. AN - 73398117; 12853320 AB - The neuroprotective action of l-carnitine (LC) in the rat model of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was examined. 3-NPA is known to produce decreases in neuronal ATP levels via inhibition of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) at complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. SDH is involved in reactions of the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, and its inhibition leads to both necrosis and apoptosis. LC enhances mitochondrial metabolism and, together with its acetylated form, acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC), via the LC-ALC-mediated transfer of acetyl groups, plays an important modulatory role in neurotransmitter signal transduction pathways and gene expression in neuronal cells. In the study described here, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with 3-NPA alone or treated with LC prior to 3-NPA administration. Pretreatment with LC totally prevented the 3-NPA-induced decrease in brain temperature measured using temperature probes implanted intracranially. It appears that the protective effects of LC against 3-NPA-induced neurotoxicity are achieved via compensatory enhancement of several pathways of mitochondrial energy metabolism. The results of this and previous studies conducted by our division in the 3-NPA model of mitochondrial dysfunction demonstrate that 3-NPA may be employed in vivo to evaluate enhancers of mitochondrial function that might exert neuroprotective effects. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Binienda, Zbigniew K AD - Neurophysiology Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. zbinienda@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 289 EP - 95; discussion 345-9 VL - 993 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Convulsants KW - 0 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Propionates KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.3.99.1 KW - 3-nitropropionic acid KW - QY4L0FOX0D KW - Carnitine KW - S7UI8SM58A KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Regression Analysis KW - Brain -- cytology KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Convulsants -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Body Temperature KW - Hypothermia -- metabolism KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Succinate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Carnitine -- pharmacology KW - Mitochondria -- drug effects KW - Propionates -- pharmacology KW - Mitochondria -- metabolism KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73398117?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Neuroprotective+effects+of+L-carnitine+in+induced+mitochondrial+dysfunction.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Zbigniew+K&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Zbigniew&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=993&rft.issue=&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of gamma- and electron-beam irradiation on semi-rigid amorphous polyethylene terephthalate copolymers. AN - 73322933; 12775470 AB - Two semi-rigid amorphous polyethylene terephthalate copolymer materials (in both sheet and powder forms) containing 3% 1,4-cyclohexane dimethanol (CHDM) and 31% CHDM were irradiated at 5, 25 and 50 kGy at ambient temperature with a (60)Co radiator or an electron-beam accelerator. After irradiation, volatiles were determined using static headspace sampling with capillary gas chromatography and mass selective detection or flame ionization detection (HS/GC/MSD or FID). Non-volatiles were extracted with 10% aqueous ethanol and 100% n-heptane food-simulating solvents, maintained at 40 degrees C for up to 10 days. The non-volatiles in the materials and those migrating into the food-simulating solvents were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet and/or photodiode array detection. The results obtained from the HS/GC/MSD suggest that no new chemicals were detected by either gamma- or e-beam irradiation when compared with non-irradiated specimens. The major volatiles in the copolymers were acetaldehyde and 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane. The concentrations of acetaldehyde increased from 1.24-1.96 mg kg(-1) to 1.94-3.65, 3.52-7.23 and 5.45-15.37 mg kg(-1) after exposure to 5, 25 and 50 kGy doses, respectively. The concentrations of 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane decreased from 2.49-5.26 mg kg(-1) to 2.07-3.13, 1.33-2.14 and 0.64-2.24 mg kg(-1) after exposure to 5, 25 and 50 kGy doses, respectively. The results of analysis of the copolymers for non-volatiles show that irradiation did not produce any new detectable non-volatile chemicals. A 5 kGy dose had no detectable effect on either copolymer. The 25 and 50 kGy doses had slightly different effects with respect to gamma- and e-beam irradiation on low MW oligomers. However, these increased doses did not significantly affect migration. The concentration of most low molecular weight oligomers migrating into 10% ethanol and 100% heptane was < or =2 ng g(-1) of each oligomer for both copolymers. The cyclic trimer migrating from the 3% CHDM copolymer was approximately 4 ng g(-1); it was 3 ng g(-1) for the 31% CHDM copolymer. The overall results suggest that irradiation significantly increased levels of acetaldehyde but had no effect on non-volatile compounds migrating into food simulants. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Komolprasert, V AU - McNeal, T P AU - Begley, T H AD - Division of Food Processing and Packaging, US Food and Drug Administration and National Center for Food Safety and Technology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Summit-Agro, 60501, USA. Vanee.Komolprasert@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 505 EP - 517 VL - 20 IS - 5 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Polyethylene Terephthalates KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Electrons KW - Humans KW - Gamma Rays KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Polyethylene Terephthalates -- chemistry KW - Food Irradiation KW - Polyethylene Terephthalates -- radiation effects KW - Food Packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73322933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Effects+of+gamma-+and+electron-beam+irradiation+on+semi-rigid+amorphous+polyethylene+terephthalate+copolymers.&rft.au=Komolprasert%2C+V%3BMcNeal%2C+T+P%3BBegley%2C+T+H&rft.aulast=Komolprasert&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of the magnetic fields around walk-through and hand-held metal detectors. AN - 73297039; 12747477 AB - Magnetic field strength measurements were made around eight hand-held and 10 walk-through metal detectors. The method was similar to that used in previous research for Electronic Article Surveillance units except a Cartesian rather than cylindrical coordinate system was used. Special magnetic field probes specifically designed for metal detector measurements were used. A non-metallic positioning apparatus was designed and fabricated. Magnetic field strength measurements were collected on one hand-held metal detector in the laboratory. The remaining data were collected at airport terminals, federal and state government buildings, and a local high school. Walk-through metal detectors had considerably higher magnetic field strengths [up to 299 Am(-1) p-p (3,741 mG)] than hand-held metal detectors [up to 6 Am(-1) p-p (76 mG)]. The frequencies of the magnetic field signal for walk-through detectors were between 0.1 kHz and 3.5 kHz while those for hand-held detectors were between 89 kHz and 133 kHz. Waveforms for all hand-held metal detectors were sinusoidal; those for walk-through metal detectors varied with most being saw-toothed or pulsed. Due to their higher field strengths and the pulsed nature of their magnetic fields, walk-through metal detectors likely pose a higher risk for medical device electromagnetic interference than do hand-held units. Root mean squared magnetic field strengths were calculated from the peak-to-peak values and compared to occupational and general public exposure limits. None of these limits were exceeded. Measurement repeatability was examined for one hand-held and two walk-through metal detectors. For the hand-held metal detector measurements at the location of the maximum magnetic field strength, measurements by three individuals had a repeatability (percent standard deviation) of 5.9%. Limited repeatability data were collected for on-site measurements of walk-through detectors. One unit showed repeatability of 0.1 to 4.5%; a multi-zone unit showed repeatability of 2.7 to 67.5%. JF - Health physics AU - Boivin, W AU - Coletta, J AU - Kerr, L AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center, 109 Holton Street, Winchester, MA 01890, USA. wboivin@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 582 EP - 593 VL - 84 IS - 5 SN - 0017-9078, 0017-9078 KW - Metals KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Electromagnetic Phenomena -- methods KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Electromagnetic Phenomena -- standards KW - Electromagnetic Phenomena -- instrumentation KW - Humans KW - Security Measures -- standards KW - Equipment Failure Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Radiometry -- instrumentation KW - Electromagnetic Fields KW - Equipment Failure Analysis -- methods KW - Radiometry -- methods KW - Equipment Failure Analysis -- standards KW - Radiometry -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73297039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Health+physics&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+magnetic+fields+around+walk-through+and+hand-held+metal+detectors.&rft.au=Boivin%2C+W%3BColetta%2C+J%3BKerr%2C+L&rft.aulast=Boivin&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=582&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Health+physics&rft.issn=00179078&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemoprevention of breast cancer: recommendations and rationale. AN - 73295139; 12759615 JF - The American journal of nursing AU - Berg, Alfred O AU - U.S. Preventive Services Task Force AD - U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, c/o U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Practice and Technology Assessment, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. uspstf@ahrq.gov ; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 107 EP - 107, 109, 111, 113 VL - 103 IS - 5 SN - 0002-936X, 0002-936X KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal KW - 0 KW - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - Raloxifene Hydrochloride KW - 4F86W47BR6 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Endometrial Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Thromboembolism -- chemically induced KW - Female KW - Tamoxifen -- therapeutic use KW - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators -- adverse effects KW - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators -- therapeutic use KW - Raloxifene Hydrochloride -- therapeutic use KW - Tamoxifen -- adverse effects KW - Breast Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Raloxifene Hydrochloride -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73295139?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Enalapril%3A+pharmacokinetic%2Fdynamic+inferences+for+comparative+developmental+toxicity.+A+review.&rft.au=Tabacova%2C+S+A%3BKimmel%2C+C+A&rft.aulast=Tabacova&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-09-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=467&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of interleukin (IL)-4 cytotoxin on breast tumor growth after in vivo gene transfer of IL-4 receptor alpha chain. AN - 73283673; 12738741 AB - Although human breast cancer cells express interleukin-4 receptors (IL-4Rs), a recombinant fusion protein, IL-4 cytotoxin, did not mediate desirable antitumor activity in tumor models of breast cancer. Recent studies have identified that a primary IL-4 binding protein, IL-4Ralpha chain, is internalized after binding to IL-4 in cancer cells. The consequent expression of high-level IL-4Ralpha in tumor cells sensitizes them to the cytotoxic effect of IL-4 cytotoxin in vitro. To assess whether overexpression of IL-4Ralpha chain in vivo by plasmid-mediated gene transfer can enhance antitumor activity of IL-4 cytotoxin in mouse models of breast tumor, we injected MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells in both flanks of athymic nude mice. Animals then received three intratumoral (i.t.) injections of either IL-4Ralpha encoding vector (left flank) or vector only (right flank) mixed with liposome followed by IL-4 cytotoxin administration. Both i.p. and i.t. administration of IL-4 cytotoxin profoundly reduced the growth of IL-4Ralpha plasmid-injected MDA-MB-231 tumors, compared with control. Innate immune cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, were found to infiltrate at the regressing tumor site. This study provides proof of principle that i.t. IL-4Ralpha plasmid injection followed by systemic or i.t. IL-4 cytotoxin administration may be a useful strategy for the treatment of breast cancer. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Husain, Syed R AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 1826 EP - 1836 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Antigens, Neoplasm KW - 0 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - Immunotoxins KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intralesional KW - Gene Transfer Techniques KW - Humans KW - Macrophage Activation KW - Breast Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- transplantation KW - Mice KW - Mice, Nude KW - Radioligand Assay KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- immunology KW - Breast Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-4 -- immunology KW - Interleukin-4 -- pharmacology KW - Genetic Therapy -- methods KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- metabolism KW - Immunotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 -- genetics KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73283673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+interleukin+%28IL%29-4+cytotoxin+on+breast+tumor+growth+after+in+vivo+gene+transfer+of+IL-4+receptor+alpha+chain.&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+Koji%3BKawakami%2C+Mariko%3BHusain%2C+Syed+R%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=Koji&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1826&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical pharmacology of topiramate versus lamotrigine versus phenobarbital: comparison of efficacy and side effects using odds ratios. AN - 73275727; 12751270 AB - Clinical pharmacologists, neurologists, internists, and all health care givers must consider the efficacy, safety, and side effect profile of a given antiepileptic drug (AED) when determining which drug is best for a given patient. The first purpose of this paper is to address whether the "new" AEDs have advantages over the "old" drugs. The second purpose is to teach those interested in clinical pharmacology about the use of Web-based information access to answer a neurology/clinical pharmacology problem: to compare the efficacy and side effects of topiramate versus lamotrigine versus phenobarbital using odds ratios. Cost of all three AEDs was also compared. A number of new AEDs, including topiramate and lamotrigine, have been developed for chronic focal and secondarily generalized epileptic seizures. Efficacy of these drugs as anticonvulsants does not seem to be superior to that of traditional anticonvulsants such as phenobarbital. However, the advantage of the new drugs is a different spectrum of possible adverse events. Newer AEDs may or may not induce sedation and may minimize noncompliance by reducing side effects of lethargy and cognitive impairment. The difficulty in achieving therapeutic dosage because of side effects makes one consider whether these agents are "better" than the oldest and most side effect-prone AED, phenobarbital. The new AEDs have less frequent interactions, leading to improved tolerability with comedication. This exercise compares two "new" AEDs, topiramate and lamotrigine, with phenobarbital by evaluating efficacies and side effects using relative odds ratios, a method commonly used in drug development research. Development of new algorithms and/or new knowledge will bring beneficial tools to all clinical pharmacologists. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacology AU - Lathers, Claire M AU - Schraeder, Paul L AU - Claycamp, H Gregg AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 7519 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 491 EP - 503 VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Anticonvulsants KW - 0 KW - Triazines KW - topiramate KW - 0H73WJJ391 KW - Fructose KW - 30237-26-4 KW - lamotrigine KW - U3H27498KS KW - Phenobarbital KW - YQE403BP4D KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Phenobarbital -- economics KW - Fructose -- analogs & derivatives KW - Triazines -- economics KW - Fructose -- economics KW - Anticonvulsants -- economics KW - Fructose -- adverse effects KW - Anticonvulsants -- adverse effects KW - Fructose -- therapeutic use KW - Epilepsy -- drug therapy KW - Anticonvulsants -- therapeutic use KW - Phenobarbital -- adverse effects KW - Phenobarbital -- therapeutic use KW - Triazines -- adverse effects KW - Triazines -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73275727?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Clinical+pharmacology+of+topiramate+versus+lamotrigine+versus+phenobarbital%3A+comparison+of+efficacy+and+side+effects+using+odds+ratios.&rft.au=Lathers%2C+Claire+M%3BSchraeder%2C+Paul+L%3BClaycamp%2C+H+Gregg&rft.aulast=Lathers&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health hazards to park rangers from excessive heat at Grand Canyon National Park. AN - 73270175; 12746072 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Krake, Ann AU - McCullough, Joel AU - King, Bradley AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, Hazard Evaluations and Technical Assistance Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 295 EP - 317 VL - 18 IS - 5 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - Workload KW - Acclimatization -- physiology KW - Humans KW - United States Government Agencies KW - Work Schedule Tolerance -- physiology KW - Adult KW - Arizona KW - Rescue Work -- manpower KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Body Temperature -- physiology KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Female KW - Male KW - Walking -- physiology KW - Water-Electrolyte Balance -- physiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Recreation KW - Heat Stress Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Heat Stress Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Heat Stress Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Desert Climate -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73270175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Health+hazards+to+park+rangers+from+excessive+heat+at+Grand+Canyon+National+Park.&rft.au=Krake%2C+Ann%3BMcCullough%2C+Joel%3BKing%2C+Bradley&rft.aulast=Krake&rft.aufirst=Ann&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anxiety and trail making test scores in a sample of cocaine abusers. AN - 73270053; 12745631 AB - Anxiety effects on the Trail Making test (TMT), a test often used for screening for cognitive impairments, were examined in a sample of cocaine abusers in drug abuse treatment programs. A mixed race sample of 4306 subjects was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). The DATOS was a naturalistic, prospective cohort study that collected data from 1991-1993 in 96 programs in 11 cities in the United States. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of anxiety on the TMT scores A and B, and also derived indices created by adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing parts A and B of the TMT in this large treatment sample of cocaine abusers. The variables of sex, age, ethnicity, and education were included in analyses to control for demographic effects. The ratio derived score was the least sensitive TMT score to the effects of anxiety, but all TMT R-squares were quite small. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Roberts, Charles AU - Horton, Arthur MacNeill AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 747 EP - 757 VL - 113 IS - 5 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cognition Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Prospective Studies KW - Cognition Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Trail Making Test KW - Anxiety -- diagnosis KW - Anxiety -- epidemiology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73270053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Anxiety+and+trail+making+test+scores+in+a+sample+of+cocaine+abusers.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Charles%3BHorton%2C+Arthur+MacNeill&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=747&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-01 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acephate exposure and decontamination on tobacco harvesters' hands. AN - 73263630; 12743614 AB - Agricultural workers manually harvesting tobacco have the potential for high dermal fexposure to pesticides, particularly on the hands. Often gloves are not worn as it hinders the harvesters' ability to harvest the tobacco leaves. To enable harvesters to remove pesticide residue on the hands and decrease absorbed doses, the EPA Worker Protection Standard requires growers to have hand-wash stations available in the field. The purpose of this study was to measure the concentration of acephate residue on the hands of tobacco harvesters, and the effectiveness of hand washing in reducing the acephate residue. Hand-wipes from the hands of 12 tobacco harvesters were collected at the end of the morning and at the end of the afternoon over 2 consecutive days. Each harvester had one hand-wiped prior to washing his hands, and the other hand-wiped after washing his hands with soap and water. In addition to the hand-wipe samples, leaf-wipe samples were collected from 15 tobacco plants to determine the amount of acephate residue on the plants. The average acephate level in leaf-wipe samples was 1.4 ng/cm(2). The geometric mean prewash and postwash acephate levels on the hands were 10.5 and 0.4 ng/cm(2), respectively. Both prewash (P-value=0.0009) and postwash hand (P-value=0.01) samples were positively correlated with leaf-wipe concentrations. Tobacco harvester position tended to influence hand exposure. Hand washing significantly reduced acephate levels on the hand, after adjusting for sampling period, hand sampled, job position, and leaf-wipe concentration (P-value< or =0.0001) with levels reduced by 96%. A substantial amount of acephate was transferred to the hands, and while hand washing significantly reduced the amount of residue on the hands, not all residue was removed. JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology AU - Curwin, Brian D AU - Hein, Misty J AU - Sanderson, Wayne T AU - Nishioka, Marcia AU - Buhler, Wayne AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Industrywide Studies Branch, 4676 Columbia Parkway MS R-14, Cincinnati. Ohio 45226, USA. bcurwin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 203 EP - 210 VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 1053-4245, 1053-4245 KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds KW - 0 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - Phosphoramides KW - acephate KW - 3Y417O444D KW - Index Medicus KW - Decontamination -- methods KW - Humans KW - North Carolina KW - Plant Leaves -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Agriculture KW - Hand Disinfection KW - Tobacco -- chemistry KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Organothiophosphorus Compounds -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73263630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Acephate+exposure+and+decontamination+on+tobacco+harvesters%27+hands.&rft.au=Curwin%2C+Brian+D%3BHein%2C+Misty+J%3BSanderson%2C+Wayne+T%3BNishioka%2C+Marcia%3BBuhler%2C+Wayne&rft.aulast=Curwin&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+exposure+analysis+and+environmental+epidemiology&rft.issn=10534245&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anthrax and the mail: the making of an educational video for mail workers. AN - 73245210; 12734525 AB - The anthrax bioterrorist attacks in 2001 affected millions of people who process, sort, and deliver mail. To more effectively communicate information intended to protect the health of these workers, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention produced a short-format educational video in December 2001 that targets this diverse group. This report illustrates how an educational video can be rapidly produced to translate and disseminate public health recommendations as part of a public health emergency response. JF - American journal of infection control AU - Moore, Kelly L AU - Sinkowitz-Cochran, Ronda L AU - Safran, Marc A AU - Chamberland, Mary E AU - Pearson, Michele L AD - Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 178 EP - 180 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0196-6553, 0196-6553 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Videotape Recording KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Inservice Training KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Postal Service KW - Bioterrorism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73245210?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+infection+control&rft.atitle=Anthrax+and+the+mail%3A+the+making+of+an+educational+video+for+mail+workers.&rft.au=Moore%2C+Kelly+L%3BSinkowitz-Cochran%2C+Ronda+L%3BSafran%2C+Marc+A%3BChamberland%2C+Mary+E%3BPearson%2C+Michele+L&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+infection+control&rft.issn=01966553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dying for work: The magnitude of US mortality from selected causes of death associated with occupation. AN - 73222020; 12704620 AB - Deaths due to occupational disease and injury place a heavy burden on society in terms of economic costs and human suffering. We estimate the annual deaths due to selected diseases for which an occupational association is reasonably well established and quantifiable, by calculation of attributable fractions (AFs), with full documentation; the deaths due to occupational injury are then added to derive an estimated number of annual deaths due to occupation. Using 1997 US mortality data, the estimated annual burden of occupational disease mortality resulting from selected respiratory diseases, cancers, cardiovascular disease, chronic renal failure, and hepatitis is 49,000, with a range from 26,000 to 72,000. The Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates there are about 6,200 work-related injury deaths annually. Adding disease and injury data, we estimate that there are a total of 55,200 US deaths annually resulting from occupational disease or injury (range 32,200-78,200). Our estimate is in the range reported by previous investigators, although we have restricted ourselves more than others to only those diseases with well-established occupational etiology, biasing our estimates conservatively. The underlying assumptions and data used to generate the estimates are well documented, so our estimates may be updated as new data emerges on occupational risks and exposed populations, providing an advantage over previous studies. We estimate that occupational deaths are the 8th leading cause of death in the US, after diabetes (64,751) but ahead of suicide (30,575), and greater than the annual number of motor vehicle deaths per year (43,501). Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Steenland, Kyle AU - Burnett, Carol AU - Lalich, Nina AU - Ward, Elizabeth AU - Hurrell, Joseph AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. nsteenl@sph.emory.edu Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 461 EP - 482 VL - 43 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Cost of Illness KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Lung Diseases -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73222020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Dying+for+work%3A+The+magnitude+of+US+mortality+from+selected+causes+of+death+associated+with+occupation.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+Kyle%3BBurnett%2C+Carol%3BLalich%2C+Nina%3BWard%2C+Elizabeth%3BHurrell%2C+Joseph&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effect of Structural Characteristics on Family Planning Program Performance in Cote d'Ivoire and Nigeria AN - 60460708; 200319435 AB - This paper uses Cote d'Ivoire & Nigeria survey data on both supply & demand characteristics to examine how structural & demographic factors influence family planning provision & cost. The model, which takes into account the endogenous influence of service provision on average cost, explains provision well but poorly explains what influences service cost. We show that both size & specialization matter. In both countries, vertical (exclusive family planning) facilities provide significantly more contraception than integrated medical establishments. In the Nigeria sample, larger facilities also offer services at lower average cost. Since vertical facilities tend to be large, they at most incur no higher unit costs than integrated facilities. These results are consistent across most model specifications, & are robust to corrections for endogenous facility placement in Nigeria. Model results & cost recovery information point to the relative efficiency of the International Planned Parenthood Federation, which operates large, mostly vertically organized facilities. 7 Tables, 1 Figure, 21 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Social Science & Medicine AU - Mancini, Dominic J AU - Stecklov, Guy AU - Stewart, John F AD - FDA/Center Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD dominic.mancini@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 2123 EP - 2137 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 0277-9536, 0277-9536 KW - Costs KW - Nigeria KW - Ivory Coast KW - Family Planning KW - Sociodemographic Factors KW - article KW - 1977: the family and socialization; birth control (abortion, contraception, fertility, & childbearing) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60460708?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+%26+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Effect+of+Structural+Characteristics+on+Family+Planning+Program+Performance+in+Cote+d%27Ivoire+and+Nigeria&rft.au=Mancini%2C+Dominic+J%3BStecklov%2C+Guy%3BStewart%2C+John+F&rft.aulast=Mancini&rft.aufirst=Dominic&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Social+Science+%26+Medicine&rft.issn=02779536&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - SSCMAW N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nigeria; Family Planning; Sociodemographic Factors; Costs; Ivory Coast ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Work-related lung disease surveillance report, 2002 T2 - DHHS (NIOSH) pubn. no. 2003-111 AN - 59960206; 2004-0903530 AB - Includes asbestosis and related exposures, coal workers' pneumoconiosis and related exposures, silicosis and related exposures, byssinosis and related exposures, unspecified and related exposures, all pneumoconioses and related exposures, malignant mesothelioma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory conditions due to toxic agents, respiratory tuberculosis, lung cancer, other interstitial pulmonary diseases, various work-related respiratory conditions, and smoking prevalence by industry and occupation. JF - United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), May 2003. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 PB - United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) KW - United States -- Health conditions KW - Lung diseases -- United States -- Statistics KW - Occupational diseases -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Labor sector UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59960206?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Work-related+lung+disease+surveillance+report%2C+2002&rft.title=Work-related+lung+disease+surveillance+report%2C+2002&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-111/pdfs/2003-111.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Nat Inst Occupational Safety and Health N1 - Document feature - chart(s), index(es), link(s), map(s), table(s) N1 - SuppNotes - 6th ed. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rare earth element sources and modification in the Lower Kittanning coal bed, Pennsylvania; implications for the origin of coal mineral matter and rare earth element exposure in underground mines AN - 51964781; 2003-051869 AB - In this study, we examine the variations in rare earth elements (REE) from the Lower Kittanning coal bed of eastern Ohio and western Pennsylvania, USA, in an attempt to understand the factors that control mineral matter deposition and modification in coal, and to evaluate possible REE mixed exposure hazards facing underground mine workers. The results of this study suggest that the Lower Kittanning coal mineral matter is derived primarily from a clastic source similar to that of the shale overburden. While highly charged cations like silicon, aluminum, and titanium remained relatively immobile within the coal mineral matter, iron (primarily as pyrite) was added from nonclastic sources, either during deposition of the coal mire vegetation or subsequent to burial. Other mobile cations (e.g., alkali and alkaline earth elements) appear to have been added to and/or leached from the originally deposited clastic mineral matter. Most of the sulfur in the Lower Kittanning coal bed is bound as FeS (sub 2) in the mineral matter, but a majority of samples contain a small excess of S that is most likely organically bound.In general, the total rare earth element content (TREE) in coal ash is greater than that in the shale overburden. If the primary source of mineral matter is the same as that for the overlying shale, then REE must have been enriched in the coal mineral matter subsequent to deposition. The total rare earth element content of Lower Kittanning coals correlates strongly with Si concentration ([TREE] nearly equal 0.0024 [Si]), which provides a threshold for evaluating possible mixed exposure health effects. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns reveal a shale-like light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment for the coal, similar to that of the shale overburden, again suggesting a primarily clastic REE source. However, when normalized to the shale overburden, most of the coal ash samples display a small but distinct heavy rare earth element (HREE) enrichment. We surmise that the HREE were added and/or preferentially retained during epigenesis, possibly associated with groundwater flow through the coal unit, but not necessarily in close association with the addition of iron. At least some of the "excess" HREE could be organically bound within the Lower Kittanning coal. JF - International Journal of Coal Geology AU - Schatzel, Steven J AU - Stewart, Brian W A2 - Hower, James C. A2 - Popp, J. T. Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 223 EP - 251 PB - Elsevier, Amsterdam VL - 54 IS - 3-4 SN - 0166-5162, 0166-5162 KW - United States KW - mines KW - toxic materials KW - Pennsylvanian KW - Paleozoic KW - Carboniferous KW - pollution KW - Lower Kittanning coal bed KW - Kittanning Formation KW - sedimentary rocks KW - metals KW - coal KW - rare earths KW - trace elements KW - Pennsylvania KW - geochemistry KW - heavy metals KW - Ohio KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51964781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Coal+Geology&rft.atitle=Rare+earth+element+sources+and+modification+in+the+Lower+Kittanning+coal+bed%2C+Pennsylvania%3B+implications+for+the+origin+of+coal+mineral+matter+and+rare+earth+element+exposure+in+underground+mines&rft.au=Schatzel%2C+Steven+J%3BStewart%2C+Brian+W&rft.aulast=Schatzel&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Coal+Geology&rft.issn=01665162&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0166-5162%2803%2900038-7 L2 - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01665162 LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Geological Society of America, Southeastern Section, 51st annual meeting and North-Central Section, 36th annual meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from CAPCAS, Elsevier Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands N1 - Date revised - 2003-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 105 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. strat. col., 5 tables, geol. sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carboniferous; coal; geochemistry; heavy metals; Kittanning Formation; Lower Kittanning coal bed; metals; mines; Ohio; Paleozoic; Pennsylvania; Pennsylvanian; pollution; rare earths; sedimentary rocks; toxic materials; trace elements; United States DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-5162(03)00038-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular analysis of mutS expression and mutation in natural isolates of pathogenic Escherichia coli AN - 18867221; 5706368 AB - Deficiencies in the MutS protein disrupt methyl-directed mismatch repair (MMR), generating a mutator phenotype typified by high mutation rates and promiscuous recombination. How such deficiencies might arise in the natural environment was determined by analysing pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli. Quantitative Western immunoblotting showed that the amount of MutS in a wild-type strain of the enterohaemorrhagic pathogen E. coli O157:H7 decreased about 26-fold in stationary-phase cells as compared with the amount present during exponential-phase growth. The depletion of MutS in O157:H7 is significantly greater than that observed for a laboratory-attenuated E. coli K-12 strain. In the case of stable mutators, mutS defects in strains identified among natural isolates were analysed, including two E. coli O157:H7 strains, a diarrhoeagenic E. coli O55:H7 strain, and a uropathogenic strain from the E. coli reference (ECOR) collection. No MutS could be detected in the four strains by Western immunoblot analyses. RNase T2 protection assays showed that the strains were either deficient in mutS transcripts or produced transcripts truncated at the 3' end. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed extensive deletions in the mutS region of three strains, ranging from 7 times 5 to 17 times 3 kb relative to E. coli K-12 sequence, while the ECOR mutator contained a premature stop codon in addition to other nucleotide changes in the mutS coding sequence. These results provide insights into the status of the mutS gene and its product in pathogenic strains of E. coli. JF - Microbiology AU - Li, B AU - Tsui, H-CT AU - LeClerc, JE AU - Dey, M AU - Winkler, ME AU - Cebula, T A AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, tac@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 1323 EP - 1331 VL - 149 IS - 5 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - MutS protein KW - methyl-directed mismatch repair KW - mutS gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18867221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+analysis+of+mutS+expression+and+mutation+in+natural+isolates+of+pathogenic+Escherichia+coli&rft.au=Li%2C+B%3BTsui%2C+H-CT%3BLeClerc%2C+JE%3BDey%2C+M%3BWinkler%2C+ME%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=149&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1323&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099%2Fmic.0.26213-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.26213-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Agricultural Tractor Cab Filter Efficiency and Field Evaluation AN - 18865358; 5716052 AB - To evaluate filter efficiency and performance of environmental enclosures for tractors, 3- to 4-year-old tractor enclosure combinations (cabs retrofitted to tractors after manufacturing) were studied at a custom pesticide applicators facility. Optical particle counters were used to measure the aerosol number concentration inside and outside the cab. The ratio of these concentrations multiplied by 100 is termed percentage penetration, the amount of the aerosol that penetrates into the enclosure. For particles in the 0.3 to 0.4 mu m range, penetration into the cab was reduced from 11 to 0.4% in the following sequential steps. First, manufacturing mistakes were corrected by fixing a bowed flange and inappropriate sealing of the sheet metal used to separate incoming air from air that had passed through the filter. This reduced aerosol penetration from 11 to 4.8%. Replacing gasket material on the used filter reduced penetration from 4.8 to 0.65%. This suggests that the filter gaskets are deforming and allowing leakage. Also, the filter media were evaluated for aerosol penetration as a function of particle size and were tested per the criteria stipulated in 42 CFR 84 for negative pressure air-purifying particulate respirators. These results showed penetration through the filter media of less than 0.03%, indicating that filter media were not a major source of aerosol leakage into the cab. The results suggest that the manufacturer should implement a quality control program to ensure that minimal aerosol penetration criteria into the cabs are met and an acceptable maintenance program exists to ensure compliance. Furthermore, the degradation of filter gasket material over time needs to be minimized to ensure that the environmental cabs continue to provide acceptable performance. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Heitbrink, WA AU - Moyer, E S AU - Jensen, P A AU - Martin, SB Jr AU - Watkins, D S AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Laboratory Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mail Stop H2800.4, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, esm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 394 EP - 400 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - farming KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18865358?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Environmental+Agricultural+Tractor+Cab+Filter+Efficiency+and+Field+Evaluation&rft.au=Heitbrink%2C+WA%3BMoyer%2C+E+S%3BJensen%2C+P+A%3BMartin%2C+SB+Jr%3BWatkins%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Heitbrink&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1202%2F1542-8125%282003%2964%3C394%3AEAT... LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1202/1542-8125(2003)64<394:EAT... ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inflammatory Mediators and Skeletal Muscle Injury: A DNA Microarray Analysis AN - 18802616; 5661721 AB - Traumatic skeletal muscle injury causes a specific sequence of cellular events consisting of degeneration, inflammation, regeneration, and fibrosis. The role of early posttraumatic mechanisms, including acute inflammatory response, in muscle repair is not well understood. In the present study, oligonucleotide microarray analyses were used to examine the candidate genes that are involved in these early events of the muscle injury/repair process. cDNA was prepared from the injured and control tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of mice 24 h postinjury and labeled with the fluorescent dye Cy5 or Cy3 prior to hybridization to a DNA microarray. The microarray analysis, including 732 genes, was conducted in triplicate, and we describe only genes modulated by the injury showing a differential expression (both increased and decreased) 1.7-fold or greater (p < 0.05) from control uninjured TA muscle. Selected expression patterns were confirmed by other gene expression detection methods, including real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RNase protection assay (RPA) or immunohistochemistry detection methods. The upregulated genes (2.8%) were mainly associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell proliferation, whereas the downregulated genes (3.2%) were related to metabolic and cell signaling pathways. In addition, the study suggested that chemokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), associated with monocyte/macrophage influx and activation, are abundantly expressed in postinjured muscle, and they might play a role in traumatic muscle injury/recovery processes. JF - Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research AU - Summan, M AU - McKinstry, M AU - Warren, G L AU - Hulderman, T AU - Mishra, D AU - Brumbaugh, K AU - Luster, MI AU - Simeonova, P P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mailstop L-3014, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, phs9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 237 EP - 245 VL - 23 IS - 5 SN - 1079-9907, 1079-9907 KW - DNA microarrays KW - mice KW - monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Physical Education Index; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14510:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science KW - F 06735:Mediators UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18802616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interferon+%26+Cytokine+Research&rft.atitle=Inflammatory+Mediators+and+Skeletal+Muscle+Injury%3A+A+DNA+Microarray+Analysis&rft.au=Summan%2C+M%3BMcKinstry%2C+M%3BWarren%2C+G+L%3BHulderman%2C+T%3BMishra%2C+D%3BBrumbaugh%2C+K%3BLuster%2C+MI%3BSimeonova%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Summan&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Interferon+%26+Cytokine+Research&rft.issn=10799907&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elevated environmental temperature and methamphetamine neurotoxicity AN - 18784682; 5644170 AB - Amphetamines have been of considerable research interest for the last several decades. More recent work has renewed interest in the role of ambient temperature in both the toxicity and neurotoxicity of these drugs. We have determined that the striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity observed in the mouse is linked in some fashion to both body and environmental temperature. Most studies of d-methamphetamine (d-METH) neurotoxicity are conducted at standard laboratory ambient temperatures (e.g., similar to 21-22 degree C) and utilizing a repeated dosage regimen (e.g., three to four injections spaced 2h apart). A lowering of the ambient temperature provides neuroprotection, while an elevation increases neurotoxicity. d-METH causes long-term depletions of striatal dopamine (DA) that are accompanied by other changes that are indicative of nerve terminal degeneration. These include argyrophilia, as detected by silver degeneration stains, and an elevation in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of reactive gliosis in response to injury, as well as a long-term decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein levels. Here we show that increasing the ambient temperature during and for some time following dosing increases the neurotoxicity of d-METH. Mice (female C57BL6/J) given a single dosage of d-METH (20mg/kg s.c.) and maintained at the usual laboratory ambient temperature show minimal striatal damage (an similar to 15% depletion of DA and an similar to 86% increase in GFAP). Substantial striatal damage (e.g., an similar to 70% depletion of DA and an similar to 200% elevation in GFAP) was induced by this regimen if mice were maintained at 27 degree C for 24 or 72h following dosing. An increase in neurotoxicity was also apparent in mice kept at an elevated temperature for only 5 or 9h, but keeping animals at 27 degree C for 24 or 72h was the most effective in increasing the neurotoxicity of d-METH. Our data show how a relatively minor change in ambient temperature can have a major impact on the degree of neurotoxicity induced by d-METH. Single-dose regimens may aid in uncovering the as yet unknown mechanism(s) of substituted amphetamine neurotoxicity because they reduce the inherent complexity present in repeated dosage regimens. JF - Environmental Research AU - Miller, D B AU - O'Callaghan, J P AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Chronic Stress and Molecular Neurotoxicology Laboratories, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, dum6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 48 EP - 53 VL - 92 IS - 1 SN - 0013-9351, 0013-9351 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18784682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Research&rft.atitle=Elevated+environmental+temperature+and+methamphetamine+neurotoxicity&rft.au=Miller%2C+D+B%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=48&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Research&rft.issn=00139351&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0013-9351%2802%2900051-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-9351(02)00051-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-generation reproductive study in mink fed diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) AN - 18760221; 5627836 AB - Two generations of 'Ranch Wild' mink (Mustela vison) were fed the organophosphate diisopropyl methylphosphonate (DIMP) at 0, 150, 450, or 1250 ppm, to determine potential toxicity to the dams. Chemical, hematologic, necropsy, and microscopic examinations were performed on all parental animals and representative kits. The F0 and F1 dams had 3.4 and 4.6% mortality, respectively, distributed among all groups and not attributed to DIMP exposure. Adverse effects were mild and limited to the highest dose group. Plasma cholinesterase was reduced 40% (F0) and 31% (F1), as was whole blood cholinesterase (16 and 8.5%). Heinz bodies were present in 2.8% (F0) and 1.3% (F1) of erythrocytes. The erythrocyte count was reduced 6.3% in the F0. Reproductive efficiency was not affected. The mink were not uniquely susceptible to DIMP, relative to the literature on other species. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), based on the 450 ppm group of F1 females, was 56.5 mg DIMP/kg BW per day; the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) was 329.5 mg DIMP/kg BW per day. JF - Reproductive Toxicology AU - Bucci, T J AU - Kovatch, R M AU - Mercieca, MD AU - Perman, V AU - Klingensmith, J S AD - Pathology Associates International, Frederick, MD 21701, USA, tbucci@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 327 EP - 334 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - American Mink KW - diisopropyl methylphosphonate KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18760221?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Two-generation+reproductive+study+in+mink+fed+diisopropyl+methylphosphonate+%28DIMP%29&rft.au=Bucci%2C+T+J%3BKovatch%2C+R+M%3BMercieca%2C+MD%3BPerman%2C+V%3BKlingensmith%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Bucci&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0890-6238%2803%2900004-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6238(03)00004-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster enrichments by real time PCR AN - 18752328; 5623583 AB - A real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed and evaluated to detect the presence of the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh), a current marker of pathogenicity in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The real time PCR fluorogenic probe and primer set was tested against a panel of numerous strains from 13 different bacterial species. Only V. parahaemolyticus strains possessing the tdh gene generated a fluorescent signal, and no cross-reaction was observed with tdh negative Vibrio or non-Vibrio spp. The assay detected a single colony forming unit (CFU) per reaction of a pure culture template. This sensitivity was achieved when the same template amount per reaction was tested in the presence of 2.5 mu l of a tdh negative oyster:APW enrichment (oyster homogenate enriched in alkaline peptone water overnight at 35 degree C). This real time technique was used to test 131 oyster:APW enrichments from an environmental survey of Alabama oysters collected between March 1999 and September 2000. The results were compared to those previously obtained using a streak plate procedure for culture isolation from the oyster:APW enrichment combined with use of a non-radioactive DNA probe for detection of the tdh gene. Real time PCR detected tdh in 61 samples, whereas the streak plate/probe method detected tdh in 15 samples. Only 24 h was required for detection of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in oyster:APW enrichments by real time PCR, whereas the streak plate/probe method required 3 days and was more resource intensive. This study demonstrated that real time PCR is a rapid and reliable technique for detecting V. parahaemolyticus possessing the tdh gene in pure cultures and in oyster enrichments. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Blackstone, G M AU - Nordstrom, J L AU - Vickery, M C AU - Bowen, MD AU - Meyer, R F AU - DePaola, A AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Post Office Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528-0158, USA, gblackstone@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 149 EP - 155 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - Mollusks KW - disease detection KW - oysters KW - tdh gene KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02704:Enumeration KW - Q4 27160:Methods and instruments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18752328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Detection+of+pathogenic+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+in+oyster+enrichments+by+real+time+PCR&rft.au=Blackstone%2C+G+M%3BNordstrom%2C+J+L%3BVickery%2C+M+C%3BBowen%2C+MD%3BMeyer%2C+R+F%3BDePaola%2C+A&rft.aulast=Blackstone&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-7012%2803%2900020-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(03)00020-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An analytic derivation for the transient temperature rise during an ultrasound pulse focused on bone AN - 18745028; 5622653 AB - An analytic derivation is given for the maximum transient temperature rise due to millisecond ultrasound (US) pulses focused on bone. The temperature rise is found to have, within a small correction factor, a square-root dependence on the pulse duration and is independent of the focal diameter. The equation developed is essentially the same as that found in a previous paper (Herman and Harris 2002) that obtained the formula by numerical methods and subsequent curve fitting. JF - Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology AU - Herman, BA AU - Myers, M R AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA, bah@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 771 EP - 773 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0301-5629, 0301-5629 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 150:Medical Imaging KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18745028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ultrasound+in+Medicine+and+Biology&rft.atitle=An+analytic+derivation+for+the+transient+temperature+rise+during+an+ultrasound+pulse+focused+on+bone&rft.au=Herman%2C+BA%3BMyers%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=771&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ultrasound+in+Medicine+and+Biology&rft.issn=03015629&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0301-5629%2802%2900772-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0301-5629(02)00772-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlates of immunity for pneumococcal conjugate vaccines AN - 18721697; 5605224 AB - The purpose of the NIAID/FDA joint workshop, 'correlates of immunity for pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs),' was to discuss the present understanding of protective immunity against invasive pneumococcal disease and identify in vitro measures that may represent immunologic correlates in future clinical trials. Animal and clinical data support functional antibody as the basis for protection, but IgG antibody concentration has conventionally been the principle immunologic parameter for non-inferiority comparisons. No consensus for a pre-defined threshold antibody level was reached. Affinity maturation may contribute to protection, but its role has not been established. Opsonophagocytic activity, avidity and immunologic memory are important secondary measures to characterise functional antibody and long-term protective responses. Immunologic memory may also be useful for evaluation of new vaccine serotypes. More definitive qualitative and quantitative immunogenicity criteria for use by National Control Authorities still need to be established. JF - Vaccine AU - Lee, L H AU - Frasch, CE AU - Falk, LA AU - Klein, D L AU - Deal, C D AD - Division of Vaccines and Related Products Applications, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, HFM-475, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, leel@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 2199 EP - 2205 VL - 21 IS - 17-18 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - clinical trials KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18721697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Correlates+of+immunity+for+pneumococcal+conjugate+vaccines&rft.au=Lee%2C+L+H%3BFrasch%2C+CE%3BFalk%2C+LA%3BKlein%2C+D+L%3BDeal%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=17-18&rft.spage=2199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0264-410X%2803%2900025-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00025-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical Preparedness and Response to Terrorism with Biological and Chemical Agents - Present Status in USA AN - 17815294; 6209863 AB - Over the past decade, acts of terrorism have ranged from dissemination of aerosolized Anthrax spores, intentional food product contamination, release of chemical weapons in major metropolitan subway systems and suicide attacks using explosive devices. Unfortunately, predicting when and how such attacks might occur has proven to be very difficult. Since the bombing attacks at the World Trade Center in New York in 1993 and 2001, the Federal Building in Oklahoma City in 1995, US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 and just recently in Saudi Arabia and Morocco, and the release of impressively weaponized anthrax spores in the US Postal System during the autumn of 2001, large-scale terrorist attacks on civilian populations using weapons of mass destruction no longer seem in the realm of the fantastic. At their worst, the New York, Oklahoma City, and Tokyo attacks may represent the crossing of a grim threshold, weakening long-standing taboos and increasing the likelihood of analogous attacks in the future. Preparing the medical community to address these threats is a formidable challenge, but the consequences of being unprepared could be devastating. The medical and healthcare infrastructure must be prepared to both prevent and treat illness and injury that would result from CBRNE terrorism, especially a covert terrorist attack. This article outlines steps for strengthening medical and public health capacity to protect against these dangers that have been taken in the USA. Investments in scientific knowledge, public health and hospital and healthcare systems provide the best defense against terrorism and will improve our ability to successfully respond to other public health threats that will emerge in the twenty first century. JF - International Journal of Disaster Medicine AU - Noji, E K AD - Office of the US Surgeon General US Public Health Service Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 2003/05// PY - 2003 DA - May 2003 SP - 51 EP - 55 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1503-1438, 1503-1438 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - terrorism KW - Disasters KW - Bioterrorism KW - Food contamination KW - Public health KW - Chemical weapons KW - USA KW - Emergency preparedness KW - Hospitals KW - Urban areas KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17815294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Disaster+Medicine&rft.atitle=Medical+Preparedness+and+Response+to+Terrorism+with+Biological+and+Chemical+Agents+-+Present+Status+in+USA&rft.au=Noji%2C+E+K&rft.aulast=Noji&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Disaster+Medicine&rft.issn=15031438&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; terrorism; Public health; Urban areas; Hospitals; Emergency preparedness; Chemical weapons; Disasters; Food contamination; Bioterrorism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for preferential mismatch repair of lagging strand DNA replication errors in yeast. AN - 73260222; 12725731 AB - Duplex DNA is replicated in the 5'-3' direction by coordinated copying of leading and lagging strand templates with somewhat different proteins and mechanics, providing the potential for differences in the fidelity of replication of the two strands. We previously showed that in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, active replication origins establish a strand bias in the rate of base substitutions resulting from replication of unrepaired 8-oxo-guanine (GO) in DNA. Lower mutagenesis was associated with replicating lagging strand templates. Here, we test the hypothesis that this bias is due to more efficient repair of lagging stand mismatches by measuring mutation rates in ogg1 strains with a reporter allele in two orientations at loci on opposite sides of a replication origin on chromosome III. We compare a MMR-proficient strain to strains deleted for the MMR genes MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, or EXOI. Loss of MMR reduces the strand bias by preferentially increasing mutagenesis for lagging strand replication. We conclude that GO-A mismatches generated during lagging strand replication are more efficiently repaired. This is consistent with the hypothesis that 5' ends of Okazaki fragments and PCNA, present at high density during lagging strand replication, are used as strand discrimination signals for mismatch repair in vivo. JF - Current biology : CB AU - Pavlov, Youri I AU - Mian, Ibrahim M AU - Kunkel, Thomas A AD - Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Y1 - 2003/04/29/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 29 SP - 744 EP - 748 VL - 13 IS - 9 SN - 0960-9822, 0960-9822 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 8-hydroxyguanine KW - 5614-64-2 KW - Guanine KW - 5Z93L87A1R KW - DNA Glycosylases KW - EC 3.2.2.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- genetics KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - DNA Repair -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - DNA Glycosylases -- genetics KW - Guanine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Base Pair Mismatch -- genetics KW - Guanine -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73260222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+biology+%3A+CB&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+preferential+mismatch+repair+of+lagging+strand+DNA+replication+errors+in+yeast.&rft.au=Pavlov%2C+Youri+I%3BMian%2C+Ibrahim+M%3BKunkel%2C+Thomas+A&rft.aulast=Pavlov&rft.aufirst=Youri&rft.date=2003-04-29&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=744&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+biology+%3A+CB&rft.issn=09609822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation of DNA adduct formation and riddelliine-induced liver tumorigenesis in F344 rats and B6C3F(1) mice. AN - 73225562; 12706867 AB - Riddelliine is a naturally occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloid that induces liver hemangiosarcomas in male and female F344 rats and male B6C3F(1) mice. We previously reported that eight dehydroretronecine (DHR)-derived DNA adducts were formed in liver DNA of rats treated with riddelliine. In order to examine the relationship between DNA adduct levels and the incidence of hemangiosarcomas, we have measured DHR-derived DNA adduct levels in purified rat and mouse liver endothelial cells, the cells of origin for the hemangiosarcomas. F344 rats and B6C3F(1) mice were treated by gavage 5 days per week for 2 weeks with riddelliine at 1.0 mg/kg for rats and 3.0 mg/kg for mice. One, 3, 7, and 28 days after the last dose, liver parenchymal and endothelial cell fractions were isolated, and the quantities of DHR-derived DNA adducts were determined by (32)Ppostlabeling/HPLC. The DHR-derived DNA adduct levels in the endothelial cells were significantly greater than in the parenchymal cells. The DNA adduct levels in rat endothelial cells were greater than in the mouse endothelial cells. These results indicate that the levels of riddelliine-induced DNA adducts in specific populations of liver cells correlate with the preferential induction of liver hemangiosarcomas by riddelliine. JF - Cancer letters AU - Chou, Ming W AU - Yan, Jian AU - Nichols, Jasyl AU - Xia, Qingsu AU - Beland, Frederick A AU - Chan, Po-Cheun AU - Fu, Peter P AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. mchou@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 25 SP - 119 EP - 125 VL - 193 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids KW - riddelliine KW - 23246-96-0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Sex Factors KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Hemangiosarcoma -- chemically induced KW - Mice KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Endothelium -- cytology KW - Endothelium -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Models, Chemical KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73225562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Correlation+of+DNA+adduct+formation+and+riddelliine-induced+liver+tumorigenesis+in+F344+rats+and+B6C3F%281%29+mice.&rft.au=Chou%2C+Ming+W%3BYan%2C+Jian%3BNichols%2C+Jasyl%3BXia%2C+Qingsu%3BBeland%2C+Frederick+A%3BChan%2C+Po-Cheun%3BFu%2C+Peter+P&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=Ming&rft.date=2003-04-25&rft.volume=193&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Republished In: Cancer Lett. 2004 Apr 15;207(1):119-25 [15127726] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of size-exclusion chromatography to the analysis of shrimp for sulfonamide residues AN - 17879421; 5693976 AB - The determination of several sulfonamide residues from shrimp tissue using size-exclusion chromatography is presented. Shrimp tissue is extracted with ethyl acetate. The extracted solution is evaporated to dryness and the re- dissolved residue is applied to a chromatographic column containing Sephadex LH- 20 gel. Cleanup is performed using this size-exclusion procedure. Determination is accomplished utilizing liquid chromatography. Elution of the sulfonamides from a phenyl column is performed with a methanol: acetic acid: counter-ion mobile phase. Recovery of sulfonamide residues from shrimp range from 70 to 100%. JF - Analytica Chimica Acta AU - Roybal, JE AU - Pfenning, A P AU - Turnipseed, S B AU - Gonzales, SA AD - Food and Drug Administration, Animal Drugs Research Center, Denver Federal Center, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, CO 80225-0087, USA, jroybal@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 25 SP - 147 EP - 152 PB - Elsevier VL - 483 IS - 1-2 SN - 0003-2670, 0003-2670 KW - Bioengineering Abstracts; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Sulfonamides KW - Shrimp KW - Size-exclusion KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Sephadex LH-20 KW - Chromatographic techniques KW - Methanol KW - Acetic acid KW - Hormones KW - Gel-filtration chromatography KW - Ethyl acetate KW - Acetate KW - Analytical techniques KW - Chemical analysis KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - Q5 08502:Methods and instruments KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17879421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.atitle=Application+of+size-exclusion+chromatography+to+the+analysis+of+shrimp+for+sulfonamide+residues&rft.au=Roybal%2C+JE%3BPfenning%2C+A+P%3BTurnipseed%2C+S+B%3BGonzales%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Roybal&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2003-04-25&rft.volume=483&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytica+Chimica+Acta&rft.issn=00032670&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0003-2670%2802%2901488-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - 4th International Symposium on Hormone and Veterinary Residue Analysis. N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chromatographic techniques; Analytical techniques; Acetate; Chemical analysis; Hormones; Liquid chromatography; Gel-filtration chromatography; Methanol; Ethyl acetate; Acetic acid; Sulfonamides DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(02)01488-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antidiarrheal drug products for over-the-counter human use; final monograph. Final rule. AN - 73208270; 12701600 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule in the form of a final monograph establishing conditions under which over-the-counter (OTC) antidiarrheal drug products (to control the symptoms of diarrhea) are generally recognized as safe and effective and not misbranded. This final rule is part of FDA's ongoing review of OTC drug products. FDA is issuing this final rule after considering public comments on the agency's proposed regulation, which was issued in the form of a tentative final monograph (TFM), and all new data and information on OTC antidiarrheal drug products that have come to the agency's attention. Also, this final rule amends the regulation that lists nonmonograph active ingredients by adding those OTC antidiarrheal active ingredients that have been found to be not generally recognized as safe and effective. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2003/04/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 17 SP - 18869 EP - 18882 VL - 68 IS - 74 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Antidiarrheals KW - 0 KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Reye Syndrome -- chemically induced KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Product Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- classification KW - Antidiarrheals -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73208270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Antidiarrheal+drug+products+for+over-the-counter+human+use%3B+final+monograph.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2003-04-17&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=74&rft.spage=18869&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Labeling for oral and rectal over-the-counter drug products containing aspirin and nonaspirin salicylates; Reye's Syndrome warning. Final rule. AN - 73197938; 12701599 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule to amend its regulations to revise the Reye's syndrome warning required for oral and rectal over-the-counter (OTC) human drug products containing aspirin and to require a warning on OTC drug products containing nonaspirin salicylates as active ingredients. The revised warning will inform consumers of the symptoms of Reye's syndrome and advise that aspirin and nonaspirin salicylate drug products should not be given to children or teenagers who have or are recovering from chicken pox or flu-like symptoms. This final rule also finalizes FDA's notice of proposed rulemaking to require a Reye's syndrome warning for orally administered OTC drug products for relief of symptoms associated with overindulgence in food and drink (overindulgence drug products) that contain bismuth subsalicylate that published in the Federal Register of May 5, 1993 (58 FR 26886). FDA is issuing this final rule after considering public comment on the agency's notices of proposed rulemaking and all relevant data and information that have come to the agency's attention. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2003/04/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 17 SP - 18861 EP - 18869 VL - 68 IS - 74 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Antidiarrheals KW - 0 KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - Salicylates KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Administration, Oral KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Antidiarrheals -- contraindications KW - Child KW - Administration, Rectal KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Adolescent KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- contraindications KW - Salicylates -- contraindications KW - Reye Syndrome -- chemically induced KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Aspirin -- contraindications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73197938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Labeling+for+oral+and+rectal+over-the-counter+drug+products+containing+aspirin+and+nonaspirin+salicylates%3B+Reye%27s+Syndrome+warning.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2003-04-17&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=74&rft.spage=18861&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Porin Variation among Clinical Isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae over a 10-Year Period, as Determined by Por Variable Region Typing AN - 18868722; 5716241 AB - The Neisseria gonorrhoeae porin protein (Por) is a potential vaccine target and is the antigenic determinant for serovar typing. Two classes of Por, PIA and PIB, and antigenically distinct variants within each class result from sequence variations in the por gene variable regions (VRs) encoding surface-exposed loops. Oligonucleotide probes to 5 VRs of each class were used in checkerboard hybridizations to type 282 clinical gonococcal isolates selected from strains collected over the course of 10 years. PIA strains (n = 63) showed limited por diversity, with 90% having 1 of 4 por types. PIB strains (n = 219) were more diverse, although several common por types were identified that persisted over time. Variation within individual VRs was found to be limited. The present study provides information about the diversity of Por in strains circulating in a single geographic region over time, illustrates the utility of a novel por typing method, and has implications for vaccine development. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - McKnew, D L AU - Lynn, F AU - Zenilman, J M AU - Bash, M C AD - Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, and Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, USA Y1 - 2003/04/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 15 SP - 1213 EP - 1222 VL - 187 IS - 8 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Por protein KW - por gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18868722?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Porin+Variation+among+Clinical+Isolates+of+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae+over+a+10-Year+Period%2C+as+Determined+by+Por+Variable+Region+Typing&rft.au=McKnew%2C+D+L%3BLynn%2C+F%3BZenilman%2C+J+M%3BBash%2C+M+C&rft.aulast=McKnew&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-04-15&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a functionally important conformation-sensitive region of the secretory Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1). AN - 73132770; 12556450 AB - The secretory Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter (NKCC1) is a member of a small gene family of electroneutral salt transporters that play essential roles in salt and water homeostasis in many mammalian tissues. We have identified a highly conserved residue (Ala-483) in the sixth membrane-spanning segment of rat NKCC1 that when mutated to cysteine renders the transporter sensitive to inhibition by the sulfhydryl reagents 2-aminoethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSEA) and 2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSET). The mutation of Ala-483 to cysteine (A483C) results in little or no change in the affinities of NKCC1 for substrate ions but produces a 6-fold increase in sensitivity to the inhibitor bumetanide, suggesting a specific modification of the bumetanide binding site. When residues surrounding Ala-483 were mutated to cysteine, only I484C was sensitive to inhibition by MTSEA and MTSET. Surprisingly I484C showed increased transport activity in the presence of low concentrations of mercury (1-10 microm), whereas A483C showed inhibition. The inhibition of A483C by MTSEA was unaffected by the presence or absence of sodium and potassium but required the presence of extracellular chloride. Taken together, our results indicate that Ala-483 lies at or near an important functional site of NKCC1 and that the exposure of this site to the extracellular medium is dependent on the conformation of the transporter. Specifically, our results indicate that the cysteine introduced at residue 483 is only available for interaction with MTSEA when chloride is bound to NKCC1 at the extracellular surface. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Dehaye, J P AU - Nagy, Akos AU - Premkumar, Anita AU - Turner, R James AD - Membrane Biology Section, Gene Therapy and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2003/04/04/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 04 SP - 11811 EP - 11817 VL - 278 IS - 14 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Mesylates KW - 0 KW - Rubidium Radioisotopes KW - SLC12A2 protein, human KW - Slc12a2 protein, rat KW - Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters KW - Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2 KW - Sulfhydryl Reagents KW - methanethiosulfonate ethylammonium KW - (2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate KW - 155450-08-1 KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate KW - 9H154DI0UP KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Alanine KW - OF5P57N2ZX KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mercury -- pharmacology KW - Cysteine -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Mutagenesis -- physiology KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Biological Transport -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Extracellular Space -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Kidney -- cytology KW - Sulfhydryl Reagents -- pharmacology KW - Alanine -- genetics KW - Biological Transport -- physiology KW - Cell Line KW - Protein Conformation KW - Mesylates -- pharmacology KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate -- analogs & derivatives KW - Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters -- chemistry KW - Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters -- metabolism KW - Ethyl Methanesulfonate -- pharmacology KW - Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73132770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+functionally+important+conformation-sensitive+region+of+the+secretory+Na%2B-K%2B-2Cl-+cotransporter+%28NKCC1%29.&rft.au=Dehaye%2C+J+P%3BNagy%2C+Akos%3BPremkumar%2C+Anita%3BTurner%2C+R+James&rft.aulast=Dehaye&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-04-04&rft.volume=278&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=11811&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-19 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of combined metal interactions in metal carcinogenesis: a review. AN - 75757479; 14531475 AB - Exposures to complex mixtures of metals in the workplace or environment are more likely to occur than exposures to a single metal alone. The evidence shows that exposures to complex metal mixtures can enhance the risk of cancer in certain human populations. The findings of several studies have suggested, however, that certain metal-metal interactions can inhibit carcinogenic activity. The mechanisms of metal-metal interactions in human carcinogenesis are relatively unknown. Metals represent a highly diverse group of agents: each metal can act through different mechanisms and in one or more steps of the carcinogenic process. Some potential mechanisms may involve direct reactions of the metal with DNA or indirect mechanisms that include modification of DNA repair, DNA methylation status, and metabolic processes involved in DNA replication and expression. Lipid peroxidation and the generation of free radicals induced by certain metals can affect DNA integrity. This review will address the role of metals in carcinogenesis and how concomitant exposure to metal mixtures can influence cancer induction. The most current mechanistic data regarding metal interactions and its implications in human carcinogenesis will be discussed. Furthermore, research gaps will be identified to provide data that will improve risk assessments for complex metal mixtures encountered in the workplace and environment. JF - Reviews on environmental health AU - Madden, Emily F AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Technology, Division of Life Sciences, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. efm3@cdrh.fda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 91 EP - 109 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0048-7554, 0048-7554 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Free Radicals KW - Metals, Heavy KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Drug Interactions KW - DNA Repair KW - DNA Methylation KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Workplace KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Risk Assessment KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - DNA Damage KW - Neoplasms -- physiopathology KW - Metals, Heavy -- toxicity KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75757479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reviews+on+environmental+health&rft.atitle=The+role+of+combined+metal+interactions+in+metal+carcinogenesis%3A+a+review.&rft.au=Madden%2C+Emily+F&rft.aulast=Madden&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reviews+on+environmental+health&rft.issn=00487554&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Depression and trail making test scores in a sample of cocaine abusers. AN - 73473784; 12856485 AB - Depression effects on the Trail Making test (TMT), a test often used for screening cognitive impairments, were examined in a sample of cocaine abusers in drug abuse treatment programs. A mixed race sample of 4299 subjects was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). DATOS was a naturalistic, prospective cohort study that collected data from 1991-1993 in 96 programs in 11 cities in the United States. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of depression on the TMT scores A and B, and also derived indices created by adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing parts A and B of the TMT in this large treatment sample of cocaine abusers. The variables of sex, age, ethnicity, and education were included in analyses to control for demographic effects. The TMT part A and the difference score were the least sensitive TMT scores to the effects of depression but all TMT R-squares were quite small. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Horton, Arthur MacNeill AU - Roberts, Charles AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. drmachorton@hotmail.com Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 595 EP - 604 VL - 113 IS - 4 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Cognition Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Depression -- physiopathology KW - Trail Making Test KW - Depression -- complications KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73473784?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Depression+and+trail+making+test+scores+in+a+sample+of+cocaine+abusers.&rft.au=Horton%2C+Arthur+MacNeill%3BRoberts%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=595&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased US prescription trends associated with the CDC Bacillus anthracis antimicrobial postexposure prophylaxis campaign. AN - 73276422; 12733470 AB - We evaluated national outpatient antimicrobial prescription trends in relation to the first United States case of inhalational anthrax due to the intentional delivery of Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) spores. We queried IMS HEALTH's National Prescription Audit Plus7 database for two 6-month periods (July-December) in 2001 and 2000 to describe outpatient prescription trends of antimicrobials recommended during the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) postexposure prophylaxis campaign. Overall, antimicrobial utilization for the referent 6-month time frame was greater in 2000 compared to 2001. In contrast, ciprofloxacin utilization was greater in 2001 during October, the month following the index case, increasing by more than 40% over utilization in October 2000. Similarly, doxycycline utilization increased by 30% during October/November. This corresponded to relative increases in US utilization for ciprofloxacin of approximately 160,000 prescriptions for the month of October and for doxycycline of approximately 96,000 prescriptions during October and 120,000 prescriptions for November. We conclude more widespread prescribing of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline occurred in response to the first US bioterrorist-associated anthrax attacks than was warranted based upon confirmed or suspected B. anthracis exposure alone. JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety AU - Shaffer, Douglas AU - Armstrong, George AU - Higgins, Karen AU - Honig, Peter AU - Coyne, Philip AU - Boxwell, Debra AU - Beitz, Julie AU - Leissa, Brad AU - Murphy, Dianne AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 177 EP - 182 VL - 12 IS - 3 SN - 1053-8569, 1053-8569 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spores, Bacterial KW - Drug Utilization -- trends KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Humans KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Drug Utilization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) -- standards KW - Anthrax -- prevention & control KW - Bioterrorism KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Drug Prescriptions -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73276422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.atitle=Increased+US+prescription+trends+associated+with+the+CDC+Bacillus+anthracis+antimicrobial+postexposure+prophylaxis+campaign.&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+Douglas%3BArmstrong%2C+George%3BHiggins%2C+Karen%3BHonig%2C+Peter%3BCoyne%2C+Philip%3BBoxwell%2C+Debra%3BBeitz%2C+Julie%3BLeissa%2C+Brad%3BMurphy%2C+Dianne&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.issn=10538569&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - UV doses of young adults. AN - 73269429; 12733658 AB - Since 1986, people have been informed that they get about 80% of their lifetime ultraviolet (UV) dose by the age of 18. This belief originated from the mathematical conclusion that diligent use of sunscreens (sun protection factor 15 or higher) during the first 18 years of life would reduce the lifetime incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers by 78%. These data were misconstrued to mean that individuals also got about 80% of their lifetime dose of UV by the age of 18 (linear relationship). However, these calculations were based on the incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancers being related to the square of the UV dose. Careful analysis of UV exposure data shows that Americans actually get less than 25% of their lifetime UV dose by the age of 18. This finding also appears to be true worldwide because Australia, UK and The Netherlands report a similar UV exposure pattern. UV-initiated damage early in life can be promoted by subsequent exposures to progress into tumors later in life. For example, the nonmelanoma skin cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, is dependent on the cumulative UV dose. Thus, a better educational approach for reducing skin cancers would be to instruct fair-skinned individuals to protect themselves throughout their lives from being exposed to too much UV radiation. JF - Photochemistry and photobiology AU - Godar, Dianne E AU - Urbach, Frederick AU - Gasparro, Francis P AU - van der Leun, Jan C AD - Radiation Biology Branch, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. deg@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 453 EP - 457 VL - 77 IS - 4 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adolescent KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Ultraviolet Rays UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73269429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.atitle=UV+doses+of+young+adults.&rft.au=Godar%2C+Dianne+E%3BUrbach%2C+Frederick%3BGasparro%2C+Francis+P%3Bvan+der+Leun%2C+Jan+C&rft.aulast=Godar&rft.aufirst=Dianne&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=453&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-19 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-related reactive airways dysfunction syndrome cases from surveillance in selected US states. AN - 73225793; 12708139 AB - The objective was to elaborate the descriptive epidemiology of work-related cases of reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS). Cases of work-related asthma (WRA) were identified in four states in the United States during 1993-1995 as part of the Sentinel Event Notification Systems for Occupational Risks (SENSOR). Information gathered by follow-back interview was used to describe 123 work-related RADS cases and to compare them to 301 other WRA cases whose onset of disease was associated with a known asthma inducer. RADS represented 14% of all new-onset WRA cases identified by the state SENSOR surveillance systems. RADS cases had significant adverse medical and occupational outcomes identified by follow-back interview. In particular, 89% still had breathing problems, 78% had ever sought emergency care and 39% had ever been hospitalized for work-related breathing problems, 54% had applied for worker compensation benefits, and 41% had left the company where they experienced onset of asthma. These values equaled or exceeded the comparable figures for those WRA cases whose onset was attributed to a known inducer. Work-related RADS represents a minority of all WRA cases, but the adverse impact of this condition appears to equal that of other WRA cases. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Henneberger, Paul K AU - Derk, Susan J AU - Davis, Letitia AU - Tumpowsky, Catharine AU - Reilly, Mary Jo AU - Rosenman, Kenneth D AU - Schill, Donald P AU - Valiante, David AU - Flattery, Jennifer AU - Harrison, Robert AU - Reinisch, Florence AU - Filios, Margaret S AU - Tift, Brian AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road M/S H-2800, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. pkh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 360 EP - 368 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73225793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Work-related+reactive+airways+dysfunction+syndrome+cases+from+surveillance+in+selected+US+states.&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+Paul+K%3BDerk%2C+Susan+J%3BDavis%2C+Letitia%3BTumpowsky%2C+Catharine%3BReilly%2C+Mary+Jo%3BRosenman%2C+Kenneth+D%3BSchill%2C+Donald+P%3BValiante%2C+David%3BFlattery%2C+Jennifer%3BHarrison%2C+Robert%3BReinisch%2C+Florence%3BFilios%2C+Margaret+S%3BTift%2C+Brian&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=360&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A longitudinal study of short- and long-term activity levels in male and female spontaneously hypertensive, Wistar-Kyoto, and Sprague-Dawley rats. AN - 73221467; 12708524 AB - The pattern of locomotor activity across development was assessed in male and female spontaneously hypertensive (SHR), Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Open field activity did not indicate hyperactivity in the SHR. Instead, the SD strain was generally more active. Strains and sexes did not differ in open-field locomotor response to drug challenges. When short-term (10-12 min) activity in different apparatuses was compared, the SD were most active in the open field, the SHR in the residential figure-eight maze, and the WKY in the running wheel. Long-term tests indicated hyperactivity in the SHR in the residential figure-eight maze and hypoactivity in the SD in the running wheels. Until such strain differences in activity are thoroughly defined, the use of the SHR as a model of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder is limited. JF - Behavioral neuroscience AU - Ferguson, Sherry A AU - Cada, Amy M AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, Jefferson, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Arkansas 72079, USA. sferguson@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 271 EP - 282 VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0735-7044, 0735-7044 KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants KW - 0 KW - Methylphenidate KW - 207ZZ9QZ49 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants -- pharmacology KW - Rats, Inbred WKY KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Sex Factors KW - Methylphenidate -- pharmacology KW - Circadian Rhythm -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- physiology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Circadian Rhythm -- physiology KW - Psychophysiology KW - Exploratory Behavior -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Escape Reaction KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Maze Learning -- drug effects KW - Maze Learning -- physiology KW - Motor Activity -- physiology KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73221467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+neuroscience&rft.atitle=A+longitudinal+study+of+short-+and+long-term+activity+levels+in+male+and+female+spontaneously+hypertensive%2C+Wistar-Kyoto%2C+and+Sprague-Dawley+rats.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Sherry+A%3BCada%2C+Amy+M&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Sherry&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioral+neuroscience&rft.issn=07357044&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Early behavioral development in the spontaneously hypertensive rat: a comparison with the Wistar-Kyoto and Sprague-Dawley strains. AN - 73210515; 12708523 AB - The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is often used as a model for childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To investigate behavioral maturation in SHR, body weight, age at eye opening, and performance in several behavioral tasks in male and female SHR, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), and Sprague-Dawley rats were compared. SHRs were slower in performing the righting reflex on PND 4 and negative geotaxis compared with WKY and Sprague-Dawley. Both SHR and WKY were delayed relative to Sprague-Dawley in eye opening and beam walking. Rotarod performance was comparable in the 3 strains. Males were faster to right themselves than females, but there were no other significant sex differences nor Sex X Strain interactions. Delayed development in SHR may be related to a maturational delay observed in children with ADHD. Research assessing early behaviors in SHR, WKY, and other strains will help determine the most appropriate model for childhood ADHD and may help predict later behavioral dysfunction. JF - Behavioral neuroscience AU - Ferguson, Sherry A AU - Gray, Erika P AU - Cada, Amy M AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, Jefferson, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Arkansas 72079, USA. sferguson@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 263 EP - 270 VL - 117 IS - 2 SN - 0735-7044, 0735-7044 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Rats, Inbred WKY KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Eye KW - Fractures, Open KW - Reaction Time -- physiology KW - Pregnancy KW - Body Weight KW - Rats KW - Forelimb -- physiology KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Exploratory Behavior -- physiology KW - Reflex KW - Species Specificity KW - Walking -- physiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Psychomotor Performance -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73210515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Early+behavioral+development+in+the+spontaneously+hypertensive+rat%3A+a+comparison+with+the+Wistar-Kyoto+and+Sprague-Dawley+strains.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Sherry+A%3BGray%2C+Erika+P%3BCada%2C+Amy+M&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Sherry&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=117&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioral+neuroscience&rft.issn=07357044&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Apple quality, storage, and washing treatments affect patulin levels in apple cider. AN - 73205850; 12696685 AB - Patulin is a mycotoxin produced primarily by Penicillium expansum, a mold responsible for rot in apples and other fruits. The growth of this fungus and the production of patulin are common in fruit that has been damaged. However, patulin can be detected in visibly sound fruit. The purpose of this project was to determine how apple quality, storage, and washing treatments affect patulin levels in apple cider. Patulin was not detected in cider pressed from fresh tree-picked apples (seven cultivars) but was found at levels of 40.2 to 374 microg/liter in cider pressed from four cultivars of fresh ground-harvested (dropped) apples. Patulin was not detected in cider pressed from culled tree-picked apples stored for 4 to 6 weeks at 0 to 2 degrees C but was found at levels of 0.97 to 64.0 microg/liter in cider pressed from unculled fruit stored under the same conditions. Cider from controlled-atmosphere-stored apples that were culled before pressing contained 0 to 15.1 microg of patulin per liter, while cider made from unculled fruit contained 59.9 to 120.5 microg of patulin per liter. The washing of ground-harvested apples before pressing reduced patulin levels in cider by 10 to 100%, depending on the initial patulin levels and the type of wash solution used. These results indicate that patulin is a good indicator of the quality of the apples used to manufacture cider. The avoidance of ground-harvested apples and the careful culling of apples before pressing are good methods for reducing patulin levels in cider. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Jackson, Lauren S AU - Beacham-Bowden, Tina AU - Keller, Susanne E AU - Adhikari, Chaitali AU - Taylor, Kirk T AU - Chirtel, Stewart J AU - Merker, Robert I AD - National Center for Food Safety and Technology, Food and Drug Administration, 6502 South Archer Road, Summit-Argo, Illinois 60501, USA. lauren.jackson@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 618 EP - 624 VL - 66 IS - 4 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Patulin KW - 95X2BV4W8R KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology KW - Disinfection -- methods KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Patulin -- isolation & purification KW - Malus -- microbiology KW - Beverages -- analysis KW - Beverages -- microbiology KW - Penicillium -- metabolism KW - Patulin -- biosynthesis KW - Malus -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73205850?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Apple+quality%2C+storage%2C+and+washing+treatments+affect+patulin+levels+in+apple+cider.&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Lauren+S%3BBeacham-Bowden%2C+Tina%3BKeller%2C+Susanne+E%3BAdhikari%2C+Chaitali%3BTaylor%2C+Kirk+T%3BChirtel%2C+Stewart+J%3BMerker%2C+Robert+I&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=618&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-19 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An occupational reproductive research agenda for the third millennium. AN - 73169114; 12676620 AB - There is a significant public health concern about the potential effects of occupational exposure to toxic substances on reproductive outcomes. Several toxicants with reported reproductive and developmental effects are still in regular commercial or therapeutic use and thus present potential exposure to workers. Examples of these include heavy metals, organic solvents, pesticides and herbicides, and sterilants, anesthetic gases, and anticancer drugs used in health care. Many other substances are suspected of producing reproductive or developmental toxicity but lack sufficient data. Progress has been limited in identifying hazards and quantifying their potencies and in separating the contribution of these hazards from other etiologic factors. Identifying the causative agents, mechanisms by which they act, and any potential target populations, present the opportunity to intervene and protect the reproductive health of workers. The pace of laboratory studies to identify hazards and to underpin the biologic plausibility of effects in humans has not matched the pace at which new chemicals are introduced into commerce. Though many research challenges exist today, recent technologic and methodologic advances have been made that allow researchers to overcome some of these obstacles. The objective of this article is to recommend future directions in occupational reproductive health research. By bridging interdisciplinary gaps, the scientific community can work together to improve health and reduce adverse outcomes. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Lawson, Christina C AU - Schnorr, Teresa M AU - Daston, George P AU - Grajewski, Barbara AU - Marcus, Michele AU - McDiarmid, Melissa AU - Murono, Eisuke AU - Perreault, Sally D AU - Schrader, Steven M AU - Shelby, Michael AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. clawson@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 584 EP - 592 VL - 111 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Xenobiotics KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Communication KW - Forecasting KW - Occupational Health KW - Xenobiotics -- adverse effects KW - Reproduction KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73169114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=An+occupational+reproductive+research+agenda+for+the+third+millennium.&rft.au=Lawson%2C+Christina+C%3BSchnorr%2C+Teresa+M%3BDaston%2C+George+P%3BGrajewski%2C+Barbara%3BMarcus%2C+Michele%3BMcDiarmid%2C+Melissa%3BMurono%2C+Eisuke%3BPerreault%2C+Sally+D%3BSchrader%2C+Steven+M%3BShelby%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=Christina&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=584&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - 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Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Consensus workshop on methods to evaluate developmental immunotoxicity. AN - 73154911; 12676619 AB - A workshop cosponsored by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health was convened in Washington, DC, on 17-18 October 2001 with the goal of developing a consensus document on the most appropriate experimental approaches and assays available to assess developmental immunotoxicity. The work group was composed of scientists from academia, the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and federal agencies with expertise in developmental immunology, developmental toxicology, immunotoxicology, and risk evaluation. This consensus document presents an overview of the major summations made by the work group. A summary of early work in the field is provided, which includes potential immunotoxic agents, followed by brief discussions of our current understanding of developmental immunology. This report concludes with the work group's consensus of the most appropriate experimental design and tests to screen for potential developmental immunotoxic agents in experimental models, including potential limitations and data gaps. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Luster, Michael I AU - Dean, Jack H AU - Germolec, Dori R Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 579 EP - 583 VL - 111 IS - 4 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Interinstitutional Relations KW - Humans KW - National Institutes of Health (U.S.) KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Risk Assessment KW - Immune System -- embryology KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73154911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Consensus+workshop+on+methods+to+evaluate+developmental+immunotoxicity.&rft.au=Luster%2C+Michael+I%3BDean%2C+Jack+H%3BGermolec%2C+Dori+R&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=579&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Neuroimmunomodulation. 2000;7(1):16-26 [10601815] Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2001;17:387-403 [11687494] Int Rev Immunol. 2000;19(2-3):173-93 [10763708] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Jun;108 Suppl 3:463-73 [10852846] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Jun;108 Suppl 3:483-90 [10852848] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 Apr 15;180(2):136-44 [11969381] Hum Exp Toxicol. 2002 Sep-Oct;21(9-10):473-8 [12458903] Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1990 May-Jun;12(3):281-4 [2196426] Teratology. 1991 Oct;44(4):385-93 [1683717] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1992 Feb;112(2):207-13 [1531708] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1992 Feb;18(2):200-10 [1534777] Agents Actions. 1992 Sep;37(1-2):140-6 [1456175] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1992 Dec;117(2):155-64 [1335172] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 Jul;21(1):71-82 [8365588] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1993 Nov;21(4):412-9 [8253294] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Dec;101(7):618-20 [8143594] Exp Clin Immunogenet. 1994;11(2-3):94-101 [7826670] Pediatr Res. 1995 Sep;38(3):404-10 [7494667] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Aug;104 Suppl 4:809-13 [8880003] Immunopharmacology. 1997 Apr;36(1):41-8 [9129995] Toxicology. 1997 Oct 19;122(3):229-40 [9328223] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997 Nov;40(1):138-57 [9398496] Toxicol Sci. 1998 Apr;42(2):129-35 [9579025] Nature. 1998 Jun 4;393(6684):474-8 [9624003] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1998 May;150(1):117-24 [9630460] Toxicology. 1999 Jan 1;132(1):67-79 [10199582] Toxicology. 1999 May 3;134(1):79-88 [10413190] J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1978 Mar-Apr;1(4):397-402 [363964] Hum Exp Toxicol. 2002 Sep-Oct;21(9-10):493-8 [12458906] Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1974;47(5):777-94 [4154311] Cell Immunol. 1974 Mar 30;11(1-3):257-71 [4281724] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1977 Oct;3(3):451-64 [926199] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1979 Feb;47(2):279-85 [377565] Clin Exp Immunol. 1979 Mar;35(3):413-20 [455779] Drug Chem Toxicol. 1979;2(1-2):61-76 [398252] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1980 May;6(3):569-76 [7420464] Int J Immunopharmacol. 1980;2(4):301-10 [7203748] Immunology. 1981 Jul;43(3):535-40 [6454657] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1982 Mar 15;62(3):402-8 [7041330] Toxicol Lett. 1985 Jun;25(3):229-38 [2990071] Fertil Steril. 1987 Aug;48(2):193-7 [3609331] Teratog Carcinog Mutagen. 1987;7(3):321-7 [2888211] Toxicol Lett. 1987 Dec;39(2-3):263-74 [2961103] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1988 Jan;10(1):2-19 [3280374] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1988;25(4):403-22 [3264347] Mol Pharmacol. 1989 Jan;35(1):18-25 [2783621] Toxicology. 1989 Jul 3;57(1):97-111 [2749744] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1990 May;14(4):688-95 [2193845] Toxicology. 2001 Jan 2;156(2-3):161-70 [11164618] Toxicol Sci. 2001 Feb;59(2):251-9 [11158718] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Mar;109 Suppl 1:93-100 [11250809] Toxicol Sci. 2001 May;61(1):164-75 [11294987] Toxicology. 2001 May 28;163(1):39-48 [11419406] Cell Biol Toxicol. 2001;17(2):87-94 [11499699] Toxicol Sci. 2001 Nov;64(1):57-66 [11606801] Immunol Today. 2000 Jan;21(1):35-41 [10637557] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute stress modulates the irritant component of sensitizers in allergic contact dermatitis: implications for exposure assessment. AN - 73143559; 12668122 AB - Exposure of skin to noxious environmental stimuli can cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), which is a major health risk. Epidemiological studies have determined that 40% of workers report that their jobs are very, or extremely, stressful, and the number of chemicals to which workers are exposed increases each year. We hypothesized that combined exposure to a workplace stressor and a sensitizing chemical would alter the time course and magnitude of the skin immune response. We assessed the mixed exposure of chemical and restraint stress using three potent skin sensitizers, 2,4 dinitrofluorbenzene (DNFB), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and oxazolone, (OXA) on the ear swelling response in stress-susceptible BALB/c mice. Quantitative analyses showed that the dose-response relationship for each chemical followed a cubic trend. Although stress did not alter the shape of the curve, application of restraint stress on day 1 or on day 6 diminished the ear swelling response to 0.1% DNFB. However, if the concentration of the challenge dose was increased to a more irritating concentration, 0.25% DNFB, ear swelling was enhanced. Restraint stress applied on day 6 also increased ear swelling in response to the highly irritating sensitizer DCC, but not to the low-irritancy chemical OXA. These data support the hypothesis that dose-response relationships exist for sensitization with chemical and that restraint stress modulation of the ear swelling response is both chemical specific and dependent on the irritancy potential of the chemical. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Flint, Melanie S AU - Salmen, Rebecca R AU - Brumbaugh, Kurt AU - Tinkle, Sally S AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2003/04/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 01 SP - 50 EP - 58 VL - 188 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Irritants KW - 0 KW - Oxazolone KW - 15646-46-5 KW - Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide KW - 538-75-0 KW - Dinitrofluorobenzene KW - D241E059U6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Animals KW - Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide -- toxicity KW - Restraint, Physical KW - Edema -- complications KW - Oxazolone -- toxicity KW - Dinitrofluorobenzene -- toxicity KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Edema -- immunology KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Edema -- chemically induced KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic KW - Ear, External KW - Administration, Topical KW - Male KW - Stress, Physiological -- complications KW - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact -- immunology KW - Irritants -- toxicity KW - Stress, Physiological -- immunology KW - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73143559?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Acute+stress+modulates+the+irritant+component+of+sensitizers+in+allergic+contact+dermatitis%3A+implications+for+exposure+assessment.&rft.au=Flint%2C+Melanie+S%3BSalmen%2C+Rebecca+R%3BBrumbaugh%2C+Kurt%3BTinkle%2C+Sally+S&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute pesticide-related illnesses among working youths, 1988-1999. AN - 73141331; 12660205 AB - The goal of this study was to describe acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses among youths and to provide prevention recommendations. Survey data from 8 states and from poison control center data were analyzed. Illness incidence rates and incidence rate ratios were calculated. A total of 531 youths were identified with acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses. Insecticides were responsible for most of these illnesses (68%), most of which were of minor severity (79%). The average annual incidence rate among youths aged 15 to 17 years was 20.4 per billion hours worked, and the incidence rate ratio among youths vs adults was 1.71 (95% confidence interval = 1.53, 1.91). The present findings suggest the need for greater efforts to prevent acute occupational pesticide-related illnesses among adolescents. JF - American journal of public health AU - Calvert, Geoffrey M AU - Mehler, Louise N AU - Rosales, Rachel AU - Baum, Lynden AU - Thomsen, Catherine AU - Male, Dorilee AU - Shafey, Omar AU - Das, Rupali AU - Lackovic, Michelle AU - Arvizu, Ernest AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. jac6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 605 EP - 610 VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Pesticides KW - Pyrethrins KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Occupations -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- poisoning KW - Humans KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Public Health Informatics KW - Insecticides -- poisoning KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent KW - Occupations -- classification KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Pyrethrins -- poisoning KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pesticides -- poisoning KW - Pesticides -- classification KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73141331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Insect+neuropeptide+antagonists%3A+Design+of+highly+potent+inhibitors+of+the+insect+pheromone+biosynthesis+activating+neuropeptide+%28PBAN%29&rft.au=Altstein%2C+M%3BBen-Aziz%2C+O%3BSchafler%2C+I%3BBarda%2C+Y%3BQuit%2C+N%3BBaharagava%2C+K&rft.aulast=Altstein&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2001-08-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2000 Jun;31(3):280-5 [10915586] Am J Public Health. 1983 Apr;73(4):396-400 [6829822] Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp. 1987 Nov-Dec;2(6):389-97 [3431425] Am J Emerg Med. 1999 Sep;17(5):435-87 [10496515] Am J Ind Med. 1998 Feb;33(2):151-6 [9438047] Occup Med. 1999 Jul-Sep;14(3):519-36 [10378974] Annu Rev Public Health. 1990;11:359-75 [2191666] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to occupational exposure to silica dust: a review of epidemiological and pathological evidence. AN - 73140622; 12660371 AB - Occupational exposure is an important risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and silica dust is one of the most important occupational respiratory toxins. Epidemiological and pathological studies suggest that silica dust exposure can lead to COPD, even in the absence of radiological signs of silicosis, and that the association between cumulative silica dust exposure and airflow obstruction is independent of silicosis. Recent clinicopathological and experimental studies have contributed further towards explaining the potential mechanism through which silica can cause pathological changes that may lead to the development of COPD. In this paper we review the epidemiological and pathological evidence relevant to the development of COPD in silica dust exposed workers within the context of recent findings. The evidence surveyed suggests that chronic levels of silica dust that do not cause disabling silicosis may cause the development of chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or small airways disease that can lead to airflow obstruction, even in the absence of radiological silicosis. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Hnizdo, E AU - Vallyathan, V AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Exh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 237 EP - 243 VL - 60 IS - 4 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pulmonary Emphysema -- etiology KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity -- complications KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Pulmonary Emphysema -- epidemiology KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- adverse effects KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73140622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease+due+to+occupational+exposure+to+silica+dust%3A+a+review+of+epidemiological+and+pathological+evidence.&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+E%3BVallyathan%2C+V&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-22 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 May;157(5 Pt 1):1666-80 [9603153] Am J Ind Med. 1998 Oct;34(4):305-13 [9750935] Occup Environ Med. 1998 Jul;55(7):496-502 [9816385] Thorax. 1998 Aug;53(8):649-55 [9828850] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Dec;158(6):1907-13 [9847285] Eur Respir J. 1998 Nov;12(5):1020-4 [9863990] Am J Ind Med. 1999 Aug;36(2):299-306 [10398938] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Nov;160(5 Pt 2):S17-20 [10556163] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Sep;152(3):1003-9 [7663775] Br J Ind Med. 1987 Dec;44(12):810-8 [3689716] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Feb;137(2):286-92 [3341623] Chest. 1988 Sep;94(3):539-45 [3409733] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Jul;138(1):129-35 [2849335] Epidemiol Rev. 1988;10:29-47 [3066629] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Jun;139(6):1487-93 [2786363] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Sep;140(3 Pt 2):S85-91 [2675712] Br J Ind Med. 1989 Dec;46(12):873-6 [2611161] Eur Respir J. 1995 Aug;8(8):1398-420 [7489808] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Feb;153(2):644-9 [8564112] Occup Environ Med. 1996 Jan;53(1):11-6 [8563852] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996 Oct;154(4 Pt 1):1124-40 [8887617] Occup Environ Med. 1997 Jan;54(1):19-26 [9072029] Am J Ind Med. 1997 May;31(5):495-502 [9099350] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Feb;105 Suppl 1:165-77 [9114285] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Sep;105 Suppl 5:1215-8 [9400726] Chest. 1998 Feb;113(2):340-3 [9498949] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Nov;160(5 Pt 2):S21-5 [10556164] Thorax. 2000 Jan;55(1):32-8 [10607799] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2000 May;73(4):235-44 [10877029] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Aug;108 Suppl 4:675-84 [10931786] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Sep;162(3 Pt 2):S134-6 [10988168] Ann Occup Hyg. 2001 Apr;45(3):193-9 [11295142] Am J Ind Med. 2001 Aug;40(2):133-40 [11494340] Inhal Toxicol. 2001 Sep;13(9):789-805 [11498806] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Nov 15;164(10 Pt 2):S28-38 [11734464] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Nov 15;164(10 Pt 2):S76-80 [11734472] Intern Med. 2002 Apr;41(4):265-9 [11993785] Chest. 2002 May;121(5 Suppl):160S-165S [12010846] Br J Ind Med. 1967 Jan;24(1):1-12 [6017135] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1971 May;103(5):625-40 [5579906] Inhaled Part. 1975 Sep;4 Pt 2:727-35 [1236246] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1978 Mar;117(3):429-35 [629477] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1982 Oct;126(4):629-34 [7125356] Ann Occup Hyg. 1982;26(1-4):663-75 [7181297] Hum Pathol. 1983 Aug;14(8):688-93 [6307854] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1985 Jan;131(1):139-43 [3966701] AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986 Mar;146(3):477-83 [3484862] Radiology. 1986 Apr;159(1):27-32 [3952318] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987 Jun;135(6):1234-41 [3592399] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990 Jun;141(6):1497-500 [2350091] Ann Occup Hyg. 1990 Apr;34(2):195-204 [2169220] Br J Ind Med. 1990 Oct;47(10):656-64 [2171628] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Jan;143(1):80-4 [1986688] Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(1):15-27 [1846507] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1990 Dec;16(6):411-22 [2178280] Respir Med. 1991 Jan;85(1):27-35 [2014356] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Jun;143(6):1241-7 [1646580] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Sep;144(3 Pt 1):697-705 [1892313] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1992;63(6):387-91 [1544686] Br J Ind Med. 1992 Jul;49(7):472-9 [1322158] Am J Ind Med. 1992;22(2):155-62 [1329507] Eur Respir J. 1992 Sep;5(8):986-91 [1330677] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993 Jul;148(1):38-48 [8317812] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Aug;50(8):726-31 [8398859] Thorax. 1993 Jul;48(7):746-9 [8153925] Occup Environ Med. 1994 Aug;51(8):557-63 [7951782] Arch Environ Health. 1994 Nov-Dec;49(6):459-64 [7818288] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1994;66(4):217-22 [7843830] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Dec;102 Suppl 10:111-5 [7705284] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Feb;27(2):217-29 [7755012] Am J Ind Med. 1995 May;27(5):625-40 [7611302] Chest. 1995 Sep;108(3):647-55 [7656611] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1998 Apr 24;53(8):593-605 [9572158] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thirteen-week inhalation toxicity of N,N-dimethylformamide in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. AN - 73137393; 12655034 AB - Male and female F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (10/sex/group) were exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) by whole body inhalation exposure at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks. A concentration-dependent depression in body weight occurred in rats of both sexes at 400 (6-11%) and 800 ppm (20-22%). In contrast, all weight changes in both sexes of mice were within 10% of controls. No rats died, while 5 mice died from nonexposure-related causes. Relative liver weights were significantly increased at all DMF concentrations in both sexes and both species. Activities of serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) were statistically increased in male and female rats (200 to 800 ppm) on study days 4, 24, and 91 (13 weeks). Activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) were statistically increased in both sexes of rats exposed to 800 ppm DMF at all time points. Cholesterol (CHOL) levels were statistically increased in male and female rats (50-800 ppm) at all sampling time points. Levels of total bile acids (TBA) were statistically increased in both sexes of rats (400-800 ppm) on days 24 and 91. Centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis (minimal to moderate) was seen in rats of both sexes exposed at 400 and 800 ppm, with the lesions more severe in females. Centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy (minimal to mild) was found in all groups of DMF-exposed male mice, and in female mice exposed at 100-800 ppm. For male and female rats the no-observed-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) for microscopic liver injury was 200 ppm. The NOAEC was 50 ppm for female mice, but an NOAEC based upon the absence of microscopic liver injury was not determined in male mice. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Lynch, D W AU - Placke, M E AU - Persing, R L AU - Ryan, M J AD - Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. dlynch@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 347 EP - 358 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Solvents KW - 0 KW - Dimethylformamide KW - 8696NH0Y2X KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.14 KW - Isocitrate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.41 KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Isocitrate Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Rats KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Necrosis KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase -- blood KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Female KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Solvents -- toxicity KW - Solvents -- administration & dosage KW - Dimethylformamide -- toxicity KW - Dimethylformamide -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73137393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Thirteen-week+inhalation+toxicity+of+N%2CN-dimethylformamide+in+F344%2FN+rats+and+B6C3F1+mice.&rft.au=Lynch%2C+D+W%3BPlacke%2C+M+E%3BPersing%2C+R+L%3BRyan%2C+M+J&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Food and water safety for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. AN - 73131523; 12652380 AB - Public health and food safety experts estimate that millions of episodes of illnesses annually can be traced to contaminated food and water. Food and water safety is extremely important to persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A compromised immune system causes people with HIV or AIDS to be more susceptible to foodborne illness from eating foods that are unsafely handled and poorly prepared and from using water from unsafe sources. Food- and waterborne illnesses can cause diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting that can lead to weight loss. These illnesses can be minimized or prevented if proper precautions are taken. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Hayes, Celia AU - Elliot, Elisa AU - Krales, Edwin AU - Downer, Goulda AD - Health Resources and Services Administration, HIV/AIDS Bureau, Office of Science and Epidemiology, Service Evaluation and Research Branch, Rockville, Maryland 20896, USA. chayes@hrsa.gov Y1 - 2003/04/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Apr 01 SP - S106 EP - S109 VL - 36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Nausea -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Weight Loss KW - Vomiting -- etiology KW - Diarrhea -- microbiology KW - Diarrhea -- etiology KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73131523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Food+and+water+safety+for+persons+infected+with+human+immunodeficiency+virus.&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Celia%3BElliot%2C+Elisa%3BKrales%2C+Edwin%3BDowner%2C+Goulda&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Celia&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary exposure to genistein increases vasopressin but does not alter beta-endorphin in the rat hypothalamus. AN - 73122095; 12660364 AB - Genistein is a plant-derived estrogenic isoflavone commonly found in soy-based products such as soymilk and soy-based dietary supplements for treating menopausal symptoms, for example. Vasopressin is a neurosecretory nonapeptide synthesized primarily in neurons of the hypothalamus and secreted into the bloodstream from the posterior lobe of the pituitary. The endogenous opiate peptide beta-endorphin is synthesized both in neurons of the hypothalamus and in pituitary cells, primarily of the neurointermediate lobe. It has been reported that exposure to 17beta-estradiol or diethylstilbesterol increased the vasopressin content of the hypothalamus, and that estradiol valerate selectively damages hypothalamic beta-endorphin-containing neurons. Since little was known of the potential effects of estrogenic endocrine-disruptor compounds on hypothalamic neuropeptides, we fed Sprague-Dawley fetuses from day 7 in utero until sacrifice at postnatal day 77, with either a control diet (<1 ppm) or an experimental diet containing 25, 250, or 1250 ppm of genistein. We then conducted ELISA assays for hypothalamic content of both beta-endorphin and vasopressin immunoreactivity. Whereas there were no statistically reliable effects of dietary genistein on hypothalamic beta-endorphin content, vasopressin levels were significantly elevated in the 1250-ppm genistein group (p < 0.05). Elevated vasopressin levels may be associated with fluid balance, altered blood pressure, and cardiovascular effects. These data are consistent with the known actions of estradiol and may serve to explain our finding in a previous study that estrogenic endocrine-disruptors such as genistein increased sodium preference in rats exposed through their diet. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Scallet, Andrew C AU - Wofford, Marcia AU - Meredith, John C AU - Allaben, William T AU - Ferguson, Sherry A AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological research, 3900 NCTR Drive, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. ascallet@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 296 EP - 300 VL - 72 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Hormone Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Vasopressins KW - 11000-17-2 KW - beta-Endorphin KW - 60617-12-1 KW - Genistein KW - DH2M523P0H KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Vasopressins -- metabolism KW - Hypothalamus -- drug effects KW - beta-Endorphin -- metabolism KW - Hypothalamus -- metabolism KW - Hormone Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Genistein -- toxicity KW - Hormone Antagonists -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73122095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Dietary+exposure+to+genistein+increases+vasopressin+but+does+not+alter+beta-endorphin+in+the+rat+hypothalamus.&rft.au=Scallet%2C+Andrew+C%3BWofford%2C+Marcia%3BMeredith%2C+John+C%3BAllaben%2C+William+T%3BFerguson%2C+Sherry+A&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA "black box" labeling. AN - 73121217; 12658256 JF - Annals of emergency medicine AU - Meyer, Robert J AD - Office of Drug Evaluation II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. meyerro@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 559 EP - 560 VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 0196-0644, 0196-0644 KW - Antiemetics KW - 0 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - Droperidol KW - O9U0F09D5X KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Arrhythmias, Cardiac -- chemically induced KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Long QT Syndrome -- chemically induced KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Drug Labeling KW - Droperidol -- adverse effects KW - Antiemetics -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73121217?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+emergency+medicine&rft.atitle=FDA+%22black+box%22+labeling.&rft.au=Meyer%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+emergency+medicine&rft.issn=01960644&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Ann Emerg Med. 2004 Jan;43(1):139-40 [15259182] Comment On: Ann Emerg Med. 2003 Apr;41(4):546-58 [12658255] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of known exhalation valve damage using a negative pressure user seal check method on full facepiece respirators. AN - 73101627; 12637234 AB - A negative pressure user seal check (NPUSC) method was evaluated for its ability to adequately detect known exhalation valve leakage into a respirator. Three valves with different types of damage were included. Twenty-six test subjects, wearing full facepiece respirators, were asked to perform a NPUSC. Their responses as to whether they passed or failed the user seal check were compared to fit testing results from two quantitative fit test methods: ambient aerosol and controlled negative pressure. In addition, equipment developed at the University of Cincinnati was used to measure in-mask pressures that are generated during the performance of NPUSCs. This technique was employed to assess the ability of respirator wearers to properly conduct user seal checks. The data were analyzed to determine if the user seal check procedure is an effective method for detecting known exhalation valve damage. All test subjects reported passing the user seal check with the undamaged valve. With the warped valve installed, 95 percent of test subjects reported passing the user seal check. With the slit valve installed, 73 percent of test subjects reported passing. With the dirty valve installed, 65 percent reported passing. All fit factors, measured with the damaged valves, were below the Occupational Safety and Health Administration-recognized pass/fail criteria except one fit test with the respirator equipped with the slit valve. Results from the in-mask pressure measurements confirmed whether or not the subject properly conducted a user seal check, but did not detect respirator leakage. In conclusion, the performance of a NPUSC rarely helped to identify damaged exhalation valves. These results support the need for respirator inspection prior to donning with periodic fit testing and the performance of user seal checks as necessary components of an adequate respiratory protection program. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Delaney, Lisa J AU - McKay, Roy T AU - Freeman, Andrew AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Atlanta, Georgia. Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 237 EP - 243 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Inhalation Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Equipment Failure KW - Ohio KW - Equipment Failure Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Pressure KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73101627?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Determination+of+known+exhalation+valve+damage+using+a+negative+pressure+user+seal+check+method+on+full+facepiece+respirators.&rft.au=Delaney%2C+Lisa+J%3BMcKay%2C+Roy+T%3BFreeman%2C+Andrew&rft.aulast=Delaney&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An ergonomic evaluation of snowmobiles. AN - 73101587; 12637230 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Habes, Daniel J AU - Dick, Robert AU - Tubbs, Randy AU - Biggs, Fred AU - Burt, Susan AD - NIOSH Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 213 EP - 225 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Tremor -- etiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Off-Road Motor Vehicles KW - Human Engineering KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73101587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+chemistry&rft.atitle=Use+of+dyes+to+investigate+migration+of+the+chiral+selector+in+CFFE+and+the+impact+on+the+chiral+separations.&rft.au=Gratz%2C+S+R%3BSchneiderman%2C+E%3BMertens%2C+T+R%3BStalcup%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Gratz&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2001-08-15&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=3999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+chemistry&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary deposition modeling with airborne fiber exposure data: a study of workers manufacturing refractory ceramic fibers. AN - 73092335; 12637238 AB - Increasing production of refractory ceramic fiber (RCF), a synthetic vitreous material with industrial applications (e.g., kiln insulation), has created interest in potential respiratory effects of exposure to airborne fibers during manufacturing. An ongoing study of RCF manufacturing workers in the United States has indicated an association between cumulative fiber exposure and pleural plaques. Fiber sizing data, obtained from electron microscopy analyses of 118 air samples collected in three independent studies over a 20-year period (1976-1995), were used with a computer deposition model to estimate pulmonary dose of fibers of specified dimensions for 652 former and current RCF production workers. Separate dose correction factors reflecting differences in fiber dimensions in six uniform job title groups were used with data on airborne fiber concentration and employment duration to calculate cumulative dose estimates for each worker. From review of the literature, critical dimensions (diameter <0.4 microm, length <10 microm) were defined for fibers that may translocate to the parietal pleura. Each of three continuous exposure/dose metrics analyzed in separate logistic regression models was significantly related to plaques, even after adjusting for possible past asbestos exposure: cumulative fiber exposure, chi(2) = 15.2 (p < 0.01); cumulative pulmonary dose (all fibers), chi(2) = 14.6 (p < 0.01); cumulative pulmonary dose (critical dimension fibers), chi(2) = 12.4 (p < 0.01). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for levels of each metric. Increasing ORs were statistically significant for the two highest dose levels of critical dimension fibers (level three, OR = 11, 95%CI = [1.4, 98]; level four, OR = 25, 95%CI = [3.2, 190]). Similar associations existed for all metrics after adjustment for possible asbestos exposure. It was concluded that development of pleural plaques follows exposure- and dose-response patterns, and that airborne fibers in RCF manufacturing facilities include those with critical dimensions associated with pleural plaque formation. Analysis of additional air samples may improve estimates of the dose-response relationship. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Lentz, Thomas J AU - Rice, Carol H AU - Succop, Paul A AU - Lockey, James E AU - Dement, John M AU - LeMasters, Grace K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio. Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 278 EP - 288 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Lung -- diagnostic imaging KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Radiography KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- metabolism KW - Pneumoconiosis -- etiology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Ceramics -- analysis KW - Ceramics -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73092335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+deposition+modeling+with+airborne+fiber+exposure+data%3A+a+study+of+workers+manufacturing+refractory+ceramic+fibers.&rft.au=Lentz%2C+Thomas+J%3BRice%2C+Carol+H%3BSuccop%2C+Paul+A%3BLockey%2C+James+E%3BDement%2C+John+M%3BLeMasters%2C+Grace+K&rft.aulast=Lentz&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vanadium-induced apoptosis and pulmonary inflammation in mice: Role of reactive oxygen species. AN - 73036281; 12599213 AB - Pulmonary exposure to metals and metal-containing compounds is associated with pulmonary inflammation, cell death, and tissue injury. The present study uses a mouse model to investigate vanadium-induced apoptosis and lung inflammation, and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process. Aspiration of the pentavalent form of vanadium, V (V), caused a rapid influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the pulmonary airspace with a peak inflammatory response at 6 h post-exposure and resolution by 72 h. During this period, the number of apoptotic lung cells which were predominantly neutrophils increased considerably with a peak response at 24 h accompanied by no or minimum necrosis. After 24 h when the V (V)-induced inflammation was in the resolution phase, an increased influx of macrophages and engulfment of apoptotic bodies by these phagocytes was observed, supporting the role of macrophages in apoptotic cell clearance and resolution of V (V)-induced lung inflammation. Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies using lavaged alveolar macrophages showed the formation of ROS, including O(2)(*-), H(2)O(2), and (*)OH radicals which were confirmed by inhibition with free radical scavengers. The mechanism of ROS generation induced by V (V) involved the activation of an NADPH oxidase complex and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The ROS scavenger, catalase (H(2)O(2) scavenger), effectively inhibited both lung cell apoptosis and the inflammatory response, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) (O(2)(*-) scavenger) and the metal chelator, deferoxamine (inhibitor of (*)OH generation by Fenton-like reactions) had lesser effects. These results indicate that multiple oxidative species are involved in V (V)-induced lung inflammation and apoptosis, and that H(2)O(2) plays a major role in this process. JF - Journal of cellular physiology AU - Wang, Liying AU - Medan, Djordje AU - Mercer, Robert AU - Overmiller, Dean AU - Leornard, Stephen AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Shi, Xianglin AU - Ding, Min AU - Huang, Chuanshu AU - Rojanasakul, Yon AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. lmw6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 99 EP - 107 VL - 195 IS - 1 SN - 0021-9541, 0021-9541 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Vanadates KW - 3WHH0066W5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Neutrophils -- pathology KW - Mice KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - In Situ Nick-End Labeling KW - Necrosis KW - Spin Trapping KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Instillation, Drug KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- pathology KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Pneumonia -- chemically induced KW - Vanadates -- toxicity KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Vanadates -- administration & dosage KW - Pneumonia -- pathology KW - Pneumonia -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73036281?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+cellular+physiology&rft.atitle=Vanadium-induced+apoptosis+and+pulmonary+inflammation+in+mice%3A+Role+of+reactive+oxygen+species.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Liying%3BMedan%2C+Djordje%3BMercer%2C+Robert%3BOvermiller%2C+Dean%3BLeornard%2C+Stephen%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BShi%2C+Xianglin%3BDing%2C+Min%3BHuang%2C+Chuanshu%3BRojanasakul%2C+Yon&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Liying&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+cellular+physiology&rft.issn=00219541&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - What You Should Know about Alcohol Problems. Substance Abuse in Brief, April 2003. AN - 62229084; ED475888 AB - Alcohol use is legal for persons age 21 and older, and the majority of people who drink do so without incident. However, there is a continuum of potential problems associated with alcohol consumption. This brief addresses the definition of an "alcohol problem" and problems associated with "risky drinking." It also addresses the diagnoses of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Highlighted are factors that may contribute to alcohol dependence, consequences of alcohol use, and the detection and treatment of alcohol use problems. (Contains 13 references.) (GCP) Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - April 2003 SP - 8 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD) (Toll Free). VL - 2 IS - 1 KW - Risk Taking KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Drinking KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Intervention KW - Predictor Variables UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62229084?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protein microarrays: Meeting analytical challenges for clinical applications AN - 20241129; 5614162 AB - Protein microarrays, one emerging class of proteomic technologies, have broad applications for discovery and quantitative analysis. A rapidly expanding use of this technology is the acquisition of information about the posttranslational modifications of proteins reflecting the activity state of signal pathways and networks, and is now employed for the analysis of biopsy samples in clinical trial research. JF - Cancer Cell AU - Liotta, LA AU - Espina, V AU - Mehta, AI AU - Calvert, V AU - Rosenblatt, K AU - Geho, D AU - Munson, P J AU - Young, L AU - Wulfkuhle, J AU - Petricoin III, EF AD - FDA-NCI Clinical Proteomics Program, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, liottal@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 317 EP - 325 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1535-6108, 1535-6108 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Protein arrays KW - Therapeutic applications KW - Biopsy KW - proteomics KW - Clinical trials KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20241129?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Cell&rft.atitle=Protein+microarrays%3A+Meeting+analytical+challenges+for+clinical+applications&rft.au=Liotta%2C+LA%3BEspina%2C+V%3BMehta%2C+AI%3BCalvert%2C+V%3BRosenblatt%2C+K%3BGeho%2C+D%3BMunson%2C+P+J%3BYoung%2C+L%3BWulfkuhle%2C+J%3BPetricoin+III%2C+EF&rft.aulast=Liotta&rft.aufirst=LA&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Cell&rft.issn=15356108&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1535-6108%2803%2900086-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Protein arrays; Therapeutic applications; Biopsy; proteomics; Clinical trials DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1535-6108(03)00086-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The mortality consequences of the continued use of chloroquine in Africa: Experience in Siaya, Western Kenya AN - 18832747; 5728641 AB - In spite of increasing resistance, chloroquine remains the primary drug for treatment of malaria in most sub-Saharan African countries. We evaluated the effect of drug treatment policy on the case-fatality rates of children, adjusting for differing distributions of malaria and severe anemia. In 1991, 63% of children were treated with chloroquine while the remaining 37% were treated with a regimen that would eliminate and clear parasitemia. Case-fatality rates were 13% and 4.1%, respectively; the proportion of deaths attributable to chloroquine treatment was 69%. The trend in case-fatality rates for malaria decreased as an increasing proportion of children received an effective treatment regimen; adjusted malaria case-fatality rates were 5.1%, 3.6%, and 3.3% in 1992, 1993, and 1994, respectively, when 85% of children in 1992 and 97% of children in 1993-1994 received effective therapy. These 4 years of data provide strong evidence that continued use of chloroquine in areas with resistance is contributing to excess Plasmodium falciparum-related deaths. JF - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene AU - Zucker, J R AU - Ruebush, TK II AU - Obonyo, C AU - Otieno, J AU - Campbell, C C AD - Malaria Section, Epidemiology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA, USA Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 386 EP - 390 VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9637, 0002-9637 KW - chloroquine KW - malaria KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - K 03090:Protozoa: human KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18832747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.atitle=The+mortality+consequences+of+the+continued+use+of+chloroquine+in+Africa%3A+Experience+in+Siaya%2C+Western+Kenya&rft.au=Zucker%2C+J+R%3BRuebush%2C+TK+II%3BObonyo%2C+C%3BOtieno%2C+J%3BCampbell%2C+C+C&rft.aulast=Zucker&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=386&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Tropical+Medicine+and+Hygiene&rft.issn=00029637&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibiotic Resistance: Who Is Winning the War? Introductory Remarks AN - 18831390; 5699739 AB - The evolutionary response of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites to the selective pressure exerted by antimicrobial agents is the emergence of populations that resist the action of the antimicrobial. The emergence and dissemination of such resistance in a variety of these pathogens is a growing public health concern. In response, the scientific community developed an action plan to address this public health issue. Antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral drug development for the treatment of diseases caused by resistant pathogens is one component of this strategy. In addition, due to the targeting of specific drugs against resistant pathogens, we may more readily accept a given drugs toxicity profile for the added therapeutic benefit. This symposium provides a discussion of the modes of action and mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobial agents, and the use of surveillance systems to help understand the nature and magnitude of resistance. The goal is to help guide antimicrobial drug product development and use. Specific toxicity issues are presented that should be considered in phase 1 development of antimicrobial drug products for use in clinical medicine and veterinary medicine. Finally, the national and global strategies developed by federal agencies in the Public Health Action Plan to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance are outlined. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - Sheldon, AT Jr AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Division of Anti-Infective Drug Products, MD, USA Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 129 EP - 130 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 1091-5818, 1091-5818 KW - surveillance systems KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18831390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Antibiotic+Resistance%3A+Who+Is+Winning+the+War%3F+Introductory+Remarks&rft.au=Sheldon%2C+AT+Jr&rft.aulast=Sheldon&rft.aufirst=AT&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobials: Modes of Action and Mechanisms of Resistance AN - 18830531; 5699741 AB - After six decades of widespread antibiotic use, bacterial pathogens of human and animal origin are becoming increasingly resistant to many antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial resistance develops through a limited number of mechanisms: (a) permeability changes in the bacterial cell wall/membrane, which restrict antimicrobial access to target sites; (b) active efflux of the antimicrobial from the cell; (c) mutation in the target site; (d) enzymatic modification or degradation of the antimicrobial; and (e) acquisition of alternative metabolic pathways to those inhibited by the drug. Numerous bacterial antimicrobial resistance phenotypes result from the acquisition of external genes that may provide resistance to an entire class of antimicrobials. These genes are frequently associated with large transferable extrachromosomal DNA elements called plasmids, on which may be other mobile DNA elements such as transposons and integrons. An array of different resistance genes may accumulate on a single mobile element, presenting a situation in which multiple antibiotic resistance can be acquired via a single genetic event. The versatility of bacterial populations in adapting to toxic environments, along with their facility in exchanging DNA, signifies that antibiotic resistance is an inevitable biological phenomenon that will likely continue to be a chronic medical problem. Successful management of current antimicrobials, and the continued development of new ones, is vital to protecting human and animal health against bacterial pathogens. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - McDermott, P F AU - Walker, R D AU - White, D G AD - Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 135 EP - 143 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 1091-5818, 1091-5818 KW - mechanisms KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18830531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Antimicrobials%3A+Modes+of+Action+and+Mechanisms+of+Resistance&rft.au=McDermott%2C+P+F%3BWalker%2C+R+D%3BWhite%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Animal Drug Human Food Safety Toxicology and Antimicrobial Resistance - The Square Peg AN - 18828030; 5699740 AB - This paper presents the traditional approach for the evaluation of human food safety used for animal drugs intended for food animals, and describes some of the difficulties posed by antimicrobial drug resistance. Like human drugs, animal drugs must be safe and effective for the patient. However, unlike human drugs, food derived from animals treated with the animal drug must also be shown to be safe for human consumption. The Food and Drug Administration has come to realize that antimicrobial drugs used in the treatment of the food animal have the potential to create a unique residue - increased numbers of microorganism that are resistant to antimicrobial drug treatment. The traditional toxicological paradigm for chemical residues does not apply to this unique microbiological residue. Information useful to a food safety evaluation may include the potential for the animal antimicrobial drug to diminish the susceptibility of microorganisms to human antimicrobial drugs, any human medical use of the drug, relationship to other human antimicrobial drugs, and the ability of the animal drug to alter the susceptibility of relevant microorganism to important human antimicrobial drugs. Yet to be developed are standardized approaches to quantify an acceptable level of resistant microorganism in food and to mitigate the hazard to assure that there is a reasonable certainty of no harm following the consumption of the edible food derived from the treated animal. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - Greenlees, K J AD - Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 131 EP - 134 VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 1091-5818, 1091-5818 KW - antibiotic resistance KW - drug resistance KW - veterinary medicine KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18828030?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Animal+Drug+Human+Food+Safety+Toxicology+and+Antimicrobial+Resistance+-+The+Square+Peg&rft.au=Greenlees%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Greenlees&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Francisella novicida LPS has greater immunobiological activity in mice than F. tularensis LPS, and contributes to F. novicida murine pathogenesis AN - 18744319; 5618472 AB - To further understand the role of LPS in the pathogenesis of Francisella infection, we characterized murine infection with F. novicida, and compared immunobiological activities of F. novicida LPS and the LPS from F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS). F. novicida had a lower intradermal LD sub(50) in BALB/cByJ mice than F. tularensis LVS, and mice given a lethal F. novicida dose intraperitoneally died faster than those given the same lethal F. tularensis LVS dose. However, the pattern of in vivo dissemination was similar, and in vitro growth of both bacteria in bone marrow-derived macrophages was comparable. F. novicida LPS stimulated very modest in vitro proliferation of mouse splenocytes at high doses, but F. tularensis LVS LPS did not. Murine bone marrow macrophages treated in vitro with F. novicida LPS produced IL12 and TNF- alpha , but did not produce detectable interferon- gamma , IL10, or nitric oxide; in contrast, murine macrophages treated with F. tularensis LVS LPS produced none of these mediators. In contrast to clear differences in stimulation of proliferation and especially cytokines, both types of purified LPS stimulated early protection against lethal challenge of mice with F. tularensis LVS, but not against lethal challenge with F. novicida. Thus, although LPS recognition may not be a major factor in engendering protection, the ability of F. novicida LPS to stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines including TNF- alpha likely contributes to the increased virulence for mice of F. novicida compared to F. tularensis LVS. JF - Microbes and Infection AU - Kieffer, T L AU - Cowley, S AU - Nano, F E AU - Elkins, K L AD - Laboratory of Mycobacterial Diseases and Cellular Immunity, Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Products, CBER/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 431, Rockville, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA, elkins@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 397 EP - 403 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 1286-4579, 1286-4579 KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02862:Infection UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18744319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbes+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Francisella+novicida+LPS+has+greater+immunobiological+activity+in+mice+than+F.+tularensis+LPS%2C+and+contributes+to+F.+novicida+murine+pathogenesis&rft.au=Kieffer%2C+T+L%3BCowley%2C+S%3BNano%2C+F+E%3BElkins%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Kieffer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbes+and+Infection&rft.issn=12864579&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1286-4579%2803%2900052-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(03)00052-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing collisions involving surface mining equipment: a GPS-based approach AN - 18742428; 5618446 AB - Problem: An average of three workers a year are killed in surface mining operations when a piece of haulage equipment collides with another smaller vehicle or a worker on foot. Another three workers are killed each year when haulage equipment backs over the edge of a dump point or stockpile. Devices to monitor the blind areas of mining equipment are needed to provide a warning to operators when a vehicle, person, or change in terrain is near the equipment. Method: A proximity warning system (PWS) based on the global positioning system (GPS) and peer-to-peer communication has been developed to prevent collisions between mining equipment, small vehicles, and stationary structures. Results: A final system was demonstrated using one off-highway haul truck, three smaller vehicles, and various stationary structures at a surface mining operation. The system successfully displayed the location of nearby vehicles and stationary structures and provided visual and audible warnings to the equipment operator when they were within a preset distance. Summary: Many surface mining operations already use GPS technology on their mobile equipment for tracking and dispatch. Our tests have shown that it is feasible to add proximity warning to these existing systems as a safety feature. Larger scale and long- term tests are needed to prove the technology adequately. Impact on Industry: A PWSs that incorporates a combination of technologies could significantly reduce accidents that involve collisions or driving over an edge at surface mining operations. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Ruff, T M AU - Holden, T P AD - Spokane Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 315 East Montgometry Avenue, Spokane, WA 99207, USA, ter5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/04// PY - 2003 DA - Apr 2003 SP - 175 EP - 181 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - collision avoidance KW - global positioning systems KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18742428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Preventing+collisions+involving+surface+mining+equipment%3A+a+GPS-based+approach&rft.au=Ruff%2C+T+M%3BHolden%2C+T+P&rft.aulast=Ruff&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-4375%2802%2900074-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00074-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of opcA gene in Neisseria polysaccharea: interspecies diversity of Opc protein family AN - 18774864; 5643440 AB - The gene encoding the outer membrane adhesin/invasin protein OpcA was previously described in the genomes of two pathogenic Neisseria species, N. meningitidis (Nm) and N. gonorrhoeae (Ng). In order to understand the presence or absence of opcA in nonpathogenic Neisseria species, 13 strains of N. polysaccharea (Np), four strains of N. lactamica, three strains of N. subflava and nine strains of other species were examined by DNA hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleotide sequencing. The opcA gene was found in two Np strains (85322 and 89357). The Np-opcA gene is a novel member of this gene family with 93% homology to Ng-opcA. Comparison of opcA-surrounding regions among eight Neisseria strains revealed five types of genetic organization at the opcA locus in Neisseria, which result from insertion or deletion of genetic elements at the upstream region of opcA. Comparison of the deduced peptide sequences from two Np strains, two representative Ng strains, two representative Nm strains and 13 Nm sequence variants demonstrates interspecies diversity of the OpcA protein family with conserved transmembrane regions and species-specific polymorphism at the surface-exposed loops and periplasmic turns. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis and Northern blotting showed that Np-opcA was transcribable. From an alignment of the Np-OpcA and Ng-OpcA sequences against the three-dimensional crystal structure of Nm-OpcA we conclude that there is no obvious structural reason why these proteins would not be able to form stable, folded, outer membrane proteins. The data presented here provide additional information for understanding the distribution, variation and expression of opcA in Neisseria. JF - Gene AU - Zhu, P AU - Klutch, MJ AU - Derrick, J P AU - Prince, S M AU - Tsang, R S AU - Tsai, C AD - Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, tsai@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/03/27/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 27 SP - 31 EP - 40 VL - 307 IS - C SN - 0378-1119, 0378-1119 KW - OpcA protein KW - adhesin KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - cDNA KW - invasin KW - nucleotide sequence KW - opcA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18774864?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.atitle=Identification+of+opcA+gene+in+Neisseria+polysaccharea%3A+interspecies+diversity+of+Opc+protein+family&rft.au=Zhu%2C+P%3BKlutch%2C+MJ%3BDerrick%2C+J+P%3BPrince%2C+S+M%3BTsang%2C+R+S%3BTsai%2C+C&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-03-27&rft.volume=307&rft.issue=C&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene&rft.issn=03781119&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1119%2802%2901208-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1119(02)01208-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preliminary studies of offspring exposure to phenylbutazone and ivermectin during the perinatal period in a Holstein cow-calf model AN - 18743875; 5622887 AB - The pregnant Holstein cow and her newborn calf were evaluated as an animal model to study in utero and for lactational drug transfer and offspring exposure. A nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, phenylbutazone, and an antiparasitic drug, ivermectin, were tested in the model. Prior to parturition, pregnant cows were dosed orally to steady state with phenylbutazone at 4 g/day or given a single subcutaneous injection of 200 mu g ivermectin/kg body wt. The level of drug transferred to calves exposed in utero, in utero combined with lactational exposure, and via lactational exposure only, was measured from days 1 through 7 postpartum. At birth the plasma level in phenylbutazone-exposed calves was approximately one-half the dam's steady-state level. For ivermectin-exposed calves, plasma levels were at or below the limit of quantitation (0.5 ng/ml) at birth, suggesting that placental transfer of ivermectin is limited in the cow. For both drugs, rapid accumulation of the drug in calf plasma occurred with lactational exposure to a mean daily dose of 2 mu g ivermectin/kg body wt or 0.1 mg phenylbutazone/kg body wt/day for the first 7 days of life. The accumulation observed in the newborn calf is attributed to the lipid solubility and long elimination half-lives of these drugs. These results demonstrate that drug transfer and offspring exposure can be studied using the cow-calf model. The data also highlight the importance of considering not only the dose but also physicochemical characteristics and pharmacokinetics of the drug in the offspring when evaluating the safety of a newborn's exposure to a drug in breast milk. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Chamberlain, P L AU - Fowler, BA AU - Sexton, MJ AU - Peggins, JO AU - Bredow, Jv AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, United States Food and Drug Administration, 7500 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, USA, pchambe@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/03/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 15 SP - 198 EP - 208 PB - Elsevier Science (USA) VL - 187 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - cattle KW - exposure KW - ivermectin KW - phenylbutazone KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18743875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Preliminary+studies+of+offspring+exposure+to+phenylbutazone+and+ivermectin+during+the+perinatal+period+in+a+Holstein+cow-calf+model&rft.au=Chamberlain%2C+P+L%3BFowler%2C+BA%3BSexton%2C+MJ%3BPeggins%2C+JO%3BBredow%2C+Jv&rft.aulast=Chamberlain&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-03-15&rft.volume=187&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=198&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0041-008X%2802%2900074-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0041-008X(02)00074-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nucleoporation of dendritic cells: efficient gene transfer by electroporation into human monocyte-derived dendritic cells AN - 17843816; 5780135 AB - Dendritic cells (DCs) are ideal accessory cells in the developing field of gene therapy. Although viral transfection of DCs has become widespread, non-viral transfection of DCs has shown disappointing results. Recently, a new technique for transfecting primary cells has become available - the Amaxa Nucleofector super(TM). Here, we describe the use of this device in the successful non-viral transfection of human monocyte-derived DCs. Using enhanced green fluorescent protein as a reporter gene DCs were transfectable with efficiencies approaching 60%, remaining responsive to lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine production in short-term experiments (though long-term functional assays were hampered by loss of viability). Although these data demonstrate the ease and efficiency with which human monocyte-derived DCs can now be non-virally transfected, they also suggest the limitations of this technology due to the gradual loss of cell viability. The potential use of this system in the development of DC-based cell and gene therapies will be hampered until cell viability can be maintained. JF - FEBS Letters AU - Lenz, P AU - Bacot, S M AU - Frazier-Jessen, M R AU - Feldman, G M AD - Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, HFM-564, Bldg. 29A, Rm 3C24, 29 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 2003/03/13/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 13 SP - 149 EP - 154 VL - 538 IS - 1-3 SN - 0014-5793, 0014-5793 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Dendritic cells KW - Electroporation KW - Gene therapy KW - Reporter gene KW - Transfection KW - Accessory cells KW - Green fluorescent protein KW - Cytokines KW - Monocytes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 120:Genetic Engineering in Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17843816?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+Letters&rft.atitle=Nucleoporation+of+dendritic+cells%3A+efficient+gene+transfer+by+electroporation+into+human+monocyte-derived+dendritic+cells&rft.au=Lenz%2C+P%3BBacot%2C+S+M%3BFrazier-Jessen%2C+M+R%3BFeldman%2C+G+M&rft.aulast=Lenz&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-03-13&rft.volume=538&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEBS+Letters&rft.issn=00145793&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2803%2900169-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dendritic cells; Monocytes; Transfection; Gene therapy; Electroporation; Cytokines; Accessory cells; Green fluorescent protein; Reporter gene DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00169-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modulation of cardiac Ca(V)1.2 channels by dihydropyridine and phosphatase inhibitor requires Ser-1142 in the domain III pore loop. AN - 73077458; 12601159 AB - Dihydropyridine-sensitive, voltage-activated calcium channels respond to membrane depolarization with two distinct modes of activity: short bursts of very short openings (mode 1) or repetitive openings of much longer duration (mode 2). Here we show that both the dihydropyridine, BayK8644 (BayK), and the inhibitor of SerThr protein phosphatases, okadaic acid, have identical effects on the gating of the recombinant cardiac calcium channel, Ca(V)1.2 (alpha(1)C). Each produced identical mode 2 gating in cell-attached patches, and each prevented rundown of channel activity when the membrane patch was excised into ATP-free solutions. These effects required Ser or Thr at position 1142 in the domain III pore loop between transmembrane segments S5 and S6, where dihydropyridines bind to the channel. Mutation of Ser-1142 to Ala or Cys produced channels with very low activity that could not be modulated by either BayK or okadaic acid. A molecular model of Ca(V)1.2 indicates that Ser-1142 is unlikely to be phosphorylated, and thus we conclude that BayK binding stabilizes mode 2 gating allosterically by either protecting a phospho Ser/Thr on the alpha(1)C subunit or mimicking phosphorylation at that site. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Erxleben, Christian AU - Gomez-Alegria, Claudio AU - Darden, Thomas AU - Mori, Yasuo AU - Birnbaumer, Lutz AU - Armstrong, David L AD - Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Structural Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Y1 - 2003/03/04/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 04 SP - 2929 EP - 2934 VL - 100 IS - 5 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Calcium Channel Agonists KW - 0 KW - Calcium Channels KW - Calcium Channels, L-Type KW - Dihydropyridines KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - L-type calcium channel alpha(1C) KW - Okadaic Acid KW - 1W21G5Q4N2 KW - Threonine KW - 2ZD004190S KW - Serine KW - 452VLY9402 KW - 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester KW - 71145-03-4 KW - 1,4-dihydropyridine KW - 7M8K3P6I89 KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.3.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Protein Structure, Secondary KW - Calcium Channels -- metabolism KW - Models, Molecular KW - 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester -- pharmacology KW - Rabbits KW - Electrophysiology KW - Protein Binding KW - Calcium Channel Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Serine -- chemistry KW - Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Threonine -- chemistry KW - Phosphorylation KW - Transfection KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Okadaic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Time Factors KW - Mutation KW - Cell Line KW - Cricetinae KW - Dihydropyridines -- pharmacology KW - Calcium Channels, L-Type -- physiology KW - Calcium Channels, L-Type -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73077458?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Modulation+of+cardiac+Ca%28V%291.2+channels+by+dihydropyridine+and+phosphatase+inhibitor+requires+Ser-1142+in+the+domain+III+pore+loop.&rft.au=Erxleben%2C+Christian%3BGomez-Alegria%2C+Claudio%3BDarden%2C+Thomas%3BMori%2C+Yasuo%3BBirnbaumer%2C+Lutz%3BArmstrong%2C+David+L&rft.aulast=Erxleben&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.date=2003-03-04&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Biol Chem. 1999 Nov 26;274(48):33851-4 [10567342] Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 1999;139:33-87 [10453692] Biochem J. 2000 May 1;347 Pt 3:829-36 [10769189] Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2000;16:521-55 [11031246] J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 15;275(50):39710-7 [10984483] Circ Res. 2000 Dec 8;87(12):1095-102 [11110765] J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 29;275(52):41504-11 [11022040] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Sep 25;98(20):11024-31 [11572963] Nature. 2001 Nov 1;414(6859):43-8 [11689936] Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2001 Dec;281(6):C1743-56 [11698232] J Physiol. 2001 Dec 1;537(Pt 2):363-70 [11731570] J Neurochem. 2002 Sep;82(5):1065-76 [12358754] J Biol Chem. 2002 Nov 29;277(48):45969-76 [12198115] J Physiol. 2002 Dec 1;545(Pt 2):399-406 [12456820] Nature. 1984 Oct 11-17;311(5986):538-44 [6207437] J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1986 Jul;18(7):691-710 [2427730] Mol Pharmacol. 1986 Dec;30(6):571-84 [2431263] J Physiol. 1986 Sep;378:31-51 [2432251] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Apr;84(8):2518-22 [2436233] Nature. 1988 Sep 22;335(6188):355-8 [2843772] Pflugers Arch. 1988 Aug;412(3):248-52 [2847114] Biochem J. 1988 Nov 15;256(1):283-90 [2851982] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Sep;86(17):6816-20 [2549550] Pflugers Arch. 1989 Jul;414(3):257-64 [2476713] Pflugers Arch. 1990 Sep;417(1):58-66 [1705699] Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1991 Jan;343(1):83-9 [1903188] J Physiol. 1991 Jan;432:23-43 [1653319] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;635:26-34 [1660238] J Physiol. 1992 Aug;454:673-88 [1335510] N Engl J Med. 1993 Apr 29;328(17):1244-51 [7681934] J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 21;269(3):1635-40 [7507480] J Physiol. 1993 Oct;470:73-84 [8308752] Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673-80 [7984417] Circ Res. 1995 Mar;76(3):335-42 [7859380] J Physiol. 1995 May 1;484 ( Pt 3):583-92 [7623278] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Jun 11;1281(2):205-12 [8664319] Biochem J. 1996 Sep 1;318 ( Pt 2):513-7 [8809040] J Biol Chem. 1997 Jan 31;272(5):2629-33 [9006896] J Mol Biol. 1997 Apr 18;267(5):1268-82 [9150411] Neuron. 1997 Jul;19(1):185-96 [9247274] J Gen Physiol. 1997 Nov;110(5):503-13 [9348323] Electrophoresis. 1997 Dec;18(15):2714-23 [9504803] Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1998 Mar;19(3):108-15 [9584627] J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 25;273(52):34857-67 [9857013] Pflugers Arch. 1999 May;437(6):888-94 [10370067] Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):763-6 [10427004] Nat Cell Biol. 2000 Mar;2(3):173-7 [10707089] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Beverages: bottled water. Direct final rule. AN - 73096154; 12625359 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending its bottled water quality standard regulations by establishing an allowable level for the contaminant uranium. As a consequence, bottled water manufacturers are required to monitor their finished bottled water products for uranium at least once each year under the current good manufacturing practice (CGMP) regulations for bottled water. Bottled water manufacturers are also required to monitor their source water for uranium as often as necessary, but at least once every 4 years unless they meet the criteria for the source water monitoring exemptions under the CGMP regulations. FDA will retain the existing allowable levels for combined radium-226/-228, gross alpha particle radioactivity, and beta particle and photon radioactivity. This direct final rule will ensure that the minimum quality of bottled water, as affected by uranium, combined radium-226/-228, gross alpha particle radioactivity, and beta particle and photon radioactivity, remains comparable with the quality of public drinking water that meets the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) standards. FDA is issuing a direct final rule for this action because the agency expects that there will be no significant adverse comment on this rule. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is publishing a companion proposed, rule under the agency's usual procedure for notice-and-comment rulemaking, to provide a procedural framework to finalize the rule in the event the agency receives any significant adverse comments and withdraws this direct final rule. The companion proposed rule and direct final rule are substantively identical. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2003/03/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 03 SP - 9873 EP - 9882 VL - 68 IS - 41 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Water Pollutants, Radioactive KW - 0 KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Uranium KW - 4OC371KSTK KW - Radium KW - W90AYD6R3Q KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Radium -- standards KW - Costs and Cost Analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- economics KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Water Pollution, Radioactive -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Water Pollutants, Radioactive -- standards KW - Water Pollution, Radioactive -- economics KW - Consumer Product Safety -- standards KW - Uranium -- standards KW - Water -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73096154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Beverages%3A+bottled+water.+Direct+final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2003-03-03&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=41&rft.spage=9873&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Atenolol developmental toxicity: animal-to-human comparisons. AN - 73345294; 12797460 AB - Atenolol, 4-2'-hydroxy-3'-isopropyl-aminopropoxy) phenylacetamide, is a beta-adrenoreceptor blocker used for treatment of hypertension in pregnancy. Beta-blockers are reported to cause fetal harm (such as decreased birth weight) when administered to a pregnant woman. We evaluate published human and animal evidence of atenolol developmental toxicity and compare the manifestations in humans and in routinely-used animal models. The comparison is based on the following criteria: comparability of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characteristics, type of adverse outcome, lowest adverse effect levels, and specificity and selectivity of effect. Manifestations of atenolol prenatal toxicity (placental changes, intrauterine growth retardation and changes in fetal weight in the absence of structural malformations) are similar in the tested animal species (rats and rabbits) and humans. The human seems to be more sensitive, however, because adverse embryo-fetal effects are reported at doses much lower than those in the tested species. In humans and rats, adverse embryo-fetal effects are induced by doses that are not maternally toxic. In the rabbit, however, such effects are seen only at maternally toxic doses, suggesting that in this species, developmental toxicity may be maternally mediated. The available data suggest animal-human concordance with regard to the nature and manifestations of atenolol prenatal toxicity. The animal models "predicted" developmental toxicity manifests as placental changes, intrauterine growth retardation and fetal weight decrease in the absence of structural malformations. Thus far, this is concordant with the data from humans, in whom intrauterine growth retardation has been observed but not structural abnormalities. JF - Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology AU - Tabacova, Sonia AU - Kimmel, Carole A AU - Wall, Kelly AU - Hansen, Deborah AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. tabacovas@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 181 EP - 192 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 1542-0752, 1542-0752 KW - Antihypertensive Agents KW - 0 KW - Teratogens KW - Atenolol KW - 50VV3VW0TI KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Models, Animal KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Rabbits KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Antihypertensive Agents -- toxicity KW - Antihypertensive Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Atenolol -- toxicity KW - Atenolol -- pharmacokinetics KW - Teratogens -- toxicity KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73345294?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.atitle=Atenolol+developmental+toxicity%3A+animal-to-human+comparisons.&rft.au=Tabacova%2C+Sonia%3BKimmel%2C+Carole+A%3BWall%2C+Kelly%3BHansen%2C+Deborah&rft.aulast=Tabacova&rft.aufirst=Sonia&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.issn=15420752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oligohydrosis and fever in pediatric patients treated with zonisamide. AN - 73339597; 12770670 AB - Zonisamide is an antiepileptic drug developed and first marketed in Japan in 1989. Cases of oligohydrosis, characterized by deficient production and secretion of sweat, were reported in children treated with zonisamide in Japan during development and in the postmarketing period. Zonisamide was approved in the United States in March 2000 for adjunctive treatment of partial seizures in adults. Searching the Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Events Reporting System, we identified six domestic cases of zonisamide-associated oligohydrosis and/or fever, all in patients or = 10,000 MLD/mL toxicity. The amp-ELISA detection sensitivity for low toxin samples was 92.3% in TPGY and 99.4% in CMM. The false-positive rate ranged from 1.5% for type A to 28.6% for type F in TPGY, and from 2.4% for type A to 11.4% for type F in CMM. Most of the cross-reactivity was due to detection of other botulinal types, especially in high toxin samples. The amp-ELISA could be used to screen suspect cultures for botulinal toxins. Positive amp-ELISA samples would be confirmed by the AOAC reference method. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Ferreira, Joseph L AU - Maslanka, Susan AU - Johnson, Eric AU - Goodnough, Mike AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 8th St. NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA. jferreir@ora.fda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 314 EP - 331 VL - 86 IS - 2 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Neurotoxins KW - botulinum toxin type F KW - rimabotulinumtoxinB KW - 0Y70779M1F KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Botulinum Toxins, Type A KW - botulinum toxin type E KW - T579M564JY KW - Index Medicus KW - Clostridium -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Biological Assay KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Mice KW - Clostridium -- chemistry KW - Botulinum Toxins -- analysis KW - Neurotoxins -- analysis KW - Botulinum Toxins, Type A -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73253694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Detection+of+botulinal+neurotoxins+A%2C+B%2C+E%2C+and+F+by+amplified+enzyme-linked+immunosorbent+assay%3A+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Ferreira%2C+Joseph+L%3BMaslanka%2C+Susan%3BJohnson%2C+Eric%3BGoodnough%2C+Mike&rft.aulast=Ferreira&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=314&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The interplay of genetic and environmental factors in craniofacial morphogenesis: holoprosencephaly and the role of cholesterol. AN - 73200683; 12692399 AB - Cyclopia, the paradigmatic "face [that] predicts the brain" in severe holoprosencephaly (HPE) (DeMyer et al., 1964), has been recognized since ancient times. Descriptive embryologists and pathologists have noted the continuum of defective separation of the forebrain and loss of central nervous system (CNS) midline structures for more than a century. It has been recognized more recently that inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis, whether consumed in native plants by range sheep, or experimentally applied to early embryos, could phenocopy the natural malformation, as could a variety of other teratogens (maternal diabetes, alcohol). Yet it has been less than a decade that the genomic knowledge base and powerful analytic methods have brought the sciences of descriptive, molecular, and genetic embryology within range of each other. In this review, we discuss the clinical presentations and pathogenesis of HPE. We will outline various genetic and teratogenic mechanisms leading to HPE. Lastly, we will attempt to examine the pivotal role of cholesterol and the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway in this disorder and in normal embryonic forebrain development. JF - Congenital anomalies AU - Edison, Robin AU - Muenke, Maximilian AD - Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA. Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 1 EP - 21 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0914-3505, 0914-3505 KW - Hedgehog Proteins KW - 0 KW - SHH protein, human KW - Trans-Activators KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Index Medicus KW - Environment KW - Animals KW - Age Factors KW - Facies KW - Sheep KW - Mothers KW - Humans KW - Morphogenesis KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Models, Biological KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Infant KW - Trans-Activators -- genetics KW - Central Nervous System -- abnormalities KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Prosencephalon -- abnormalities KW - Models, Chemical KW - Time Factors KW - Prosencephalon -- embryology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cytogenetics KW - Cholesterol -- physiology KW - Holoprosencephaly -- diagnosis KW - Cholesterol -- metabolism KW - Holoprosencephaly -- etiology KW - Holoprosencephaly -- genetics KW - Holoprosencephaly -- embryology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73200683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+pathology&rft.atitle=New+insights+into+the+role+of+nuclear+factor-kappaB+in+cell+growth+regulation.&rft.au=Chen%2C+F%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BShi%2C+X&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+pathology&rft.issn=00029440&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Troglitazone-induced liver failure: a case study. AN - 73179544; 12681458 AB - Troglitazone was removed from the U.S. market because its use was associated with an increased risk of liver failure. We evaluated the clinical features of all cases reported to the Food and Drug Administration and estimated the duration and magnitude of the risk of liver failure associated with continued use of the drug. Data from cases of liver failure associated with troglitazone use were abstracted and analyzed. The extent of troglitazone use was determined from national marketing data, and the duration of use was estimated with data from a large, multistate, health care company. Survival analysis was performed to estimate monthly incidence rates and the cumulative risk of liver failure. Ninety-four cases of liver failure (89 acute, 5 chronic) were reported. Of the acute cases, 58 (67%) were women and only 11 (13%) recovered without liver transplantation. Progression from normal hepatic functioning to irreversible liver injury occurred within 1 month in 19 patients who were indistinguishable clinically from the 70 patients who had an unknown time course to irreversibility, except for the post hoc observation that prior cholecystectomy was less common in those with rapid onset. The incidence of liver failure was elevated from the first through at least the 26th month of troglitazone use. Accounting for case underreporting, the number needed to harm from troglitazone use was between 600 to 1500 patients at 26 months. The progression to irreversible liver injury probably occurred within a 1-month interval in most patients, casting doubt on the value of monthly monitoring of serum aminotransferase levels as a means of preventing troglitazone-induced acute liver failure. The cumulative risk of hepatic failure increased with continued use. JF - The American journal of medicine AU - Graham, David J AU - Green, Lanh AU - Senior, John R AU - Nourjah, Parivash AD - Office of Drug Safety, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, HFD-400, Room 15B-32, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. grahamd@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 299 EP - 306 VL - 114 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9343, 0002-9343 KW - Chromans KW - 0 KW - Thiazoles KW - Thiazolidinediones KW - troglitazone KW - I66ZZ0ZN0E KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Probability KW - Odds Ratio KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Liver Function Tests KW - Liver Failure -- epidemiology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Age Distribution KW - Registries KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 -- drug therapy KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Drug and Narcotic Control KW - Survival Rate KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Liver Failure -- chemically induced KW - Middle Aged KW - Chronic Disease KW - Sex Distribution KW - Male KW - Female KW - Thiazoles -- administration & dosage KW - Liver Failure, Acute -- chemically induced KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- etiology KW - Liver Failure, Acute -- epidemiology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- epidemiology KW - Thiazoles -- adverse effects KW - Chromans -- administration & dosage KW - Chromans -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73179544?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Troglitazone-induced+liver+failure%3A+a+case+study.&rft.au=Graham%2C+David+J%3BGreen%2C+Lanh%3BSenior%2C+John+R%3BNourjah%2C+Parivash&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=299&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=00029343&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The protective effects of Propolis on hepatic injury and its mechanism. AN - 73150262; 12672155 AB - AbstractPropolis (PP) is a sticky substance that is collected from plants by honeybees. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of PP on hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen (AA, paracetamol) and the mechanism of its hepatoprotective effect. In rat hepatocyte culture, pretreatment with PP (1, 10, 100, 200 and 400 microg/mL, 24 h) significantly decreased the cytotoxicity of AA (0.5 mm) in a dose-dependent manner. In mice, pretreatment with PP (10 and 25 mg/kg, p.o., 7 days) also decreased the mortality and the incidence and severity of hepatic necrosis induced by AA (400 mg/kg, i.p.). After treatment with PP for 7 days, the hepatic enzyme activities of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), UDP-glucuronyltransferase, phenolsulphotransferase (PST), glutathione S-transferase (GST) were measured in both rats and mice. In rats, PP (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) decreased the activity of P4502E1, but significantly increased the activities of GST and PST. On the other hand, in mice treated with PP (10 and 25 mg/kg, p.o.), the activities of P4501A2, 2B1, 3A4 and 2E1 were dramatically inhibited, and the activity of PST was significantly enhanced. These results suggest that PP has a protective effect on hepatic injury, and that its effect may be explained by inhibition of phase I enzymes and induction of phase II enzymes. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Phytotherapy research : PTR AU - Seo, Kyung Won AU - Park, Mijung AU - Song, Yeon Jung AU - Kim, Sung-Jin AU - Yoon, Kwang Ro AD - Toxicology Department, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbundong, Eunpyunggu, Seoul 122-020, Korea. kwseo@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 250 EP - 253 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0951-418X, 0951-418X KW - Protective Agents KW - 0 KW - Acetaminophen KW - 362O9ITL9D KW - Propolis KW - 9009-62-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Mice, Inbred ICR KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Protective Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Propolis -- pharmacology KW - Propolis -- administration & dosage KW - Phytotherapy KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Propolis -- therapeutic use KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- pathology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Protective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Protective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73150262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytotherapy+research+%3A+PTR&rft.atitle=The+protective+effects+of+Propolis+on+hepatic+injury+and+its+mechanism.&rft.au=Seo%2C+Kyung+Won%3BPark%2C+Mijung%3BSong%2C+Yeon+Jung%3BKim%2C+Sung-Jin%3BYoon%2C+Kwang+Ro&rft.aulast=Seo&rft.aufirst=Kyung&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=250&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytotherapy+research+%3A+PTR&rft.issn=0951418X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin-4 receptor-targeted cytotoxin therapy of androgen-dependent and -independent prostate carcinoma in xenograft models. AN - 73149022; 12657719 AB - Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed solid tumors in United States men. Survival with advanced prostate cancer is dismal because of a lack of effective treatments. Overexpression of interleukin 4 receptors (IL-4R) on prostate carcinoma cells makes them suitable targets for the interleukin 4 (IL-4) fused Pseudomonas exotoxin, IL-4 cytotoxin (IL4-CTx). Androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and -independent (DU145) human prostate cancer cell lines overexpress IL-4Rs and are exquisitely sensitive to IL4-CTx. Using LNCaP and DU145 cell lines, IC(50) values of 4.5 +/- 2.0 and 6.5 +/- 0.5 ng/ml, respectively, were obtained for IL4-CTx in protein synthesis inhibition assays. Primary cultures established from prostate tumor biopsies were equally sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of IL4-CTx. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis, although not quantitative, indicated the presence of mRNA for IL-4Ralpha, a primary subunit of the IL-4R receptor complex in prostate carcinoma cell lines, primary cultures, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate carcinoma tissues. Immunohistochemistry studies revealed the presence of IL-4R in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate carcinomas. Five daily (QD) injections of IL4-CTx (100 micro g/kg) administered i.v., i.p., or intratumoral (i.t.) caused several complete responses in nude mice with s.c. DU145 and LNCaP tumors. i.t. injections of IL4-CTx elicited tumor regression in a dose-dependent manner with complete responses occurring in 100% of the animals when treated with IL4-CTx (500 micro g/kg) given five QD injections. Administration of IL4-CTx i.t. (500 micro g/kg) either 10 times QD or six injections on alternate days elicited complete responses in 40% of mice with DU145 tumors that were three times larger (67 mm(2)) on initiation of treatments. IL4-CTx appeared to be well tolerated. On the basis of these results, combining i.t. injections of IL4-CTx with systemic administration may provide an effective strategy for treating patients with advanced, refractory prostate cancer. JF - Molecular cancer therapeutics AU - Husain, Syed R AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 245 EP - 254 VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1535-7163, 1535-7163 KW - Immunotoxins KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - interleukin 4 (38-37)-PE38KDEL KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- transplantation KW - Mice KW - Mice, Nude KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Necrosis KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Transfection KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Transplantation, Heterologous KW - Immunoenzyme Techniques KW - Male KW - Recombinant Proteins -- therapeutic use KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Prostatic Hyperplasia -- drug therapy KW - Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent -- metabolism KW - Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent -- drug therapy KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Prostatic Hyperplasia -- metabolism KW - Immunotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Prostatic Hyperplasia -- genetics KW - Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73149022?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+cancer+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Interleukin-4+receptor-targeted+cytotoxin+therapy+of+androgen-dependent+and+-independent+prostate+carcinoma+in+xenograft+models.&rft.au=Husain%2C+Syed+R%3BKawakami%2C+Koji%3BKawakami%2C+Mariko%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Husain&rft.aufirst=Syed&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+cancer+therapeutics&rft.issn=15357163&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving the quality of adverse drug reaction reporting by 4th-year medical students. AN - 73129900; 12642973 AB - Evaluate whether a 15-minute lecture intervention will improve adverse drug reaction reporting quality on standard MedWatch forms. Seventy-eight 4th-year medical students were randomized to intervention 'Group-A' or non-intervention 'Group-B' on the first day of a required five-day clinical pharmacology rotation. Group-A participants attended a 15-minute lecture on completing a MedWatch form with quality information considered by the Food and Drug Administration as critical to adequate adverse drug reaction reporting. Group-B participants did not attend this lecture. Both groups then watched a standardized patient interview of a recognizable adverse drug reaction and completed MedWatch forms. Four Safety Evaluators from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) rated student responses in a blinded fashion for the primary efficacy variable of Overall Impression and six informational domins using a standardized data quality analysis form that was developed within the Office of Postmarketing Drug Risk Assessment of the FDA. Seventy-eight MedWatch forms were evaluated (Group-A = 40, Group B = 38). Overall MedWatch information quality scores for the intervention group were significantly higher than the non-intervention group (p < 0.004). As little as a 15-minute intervention can significantly improve the quality of adverse drug reaction reporting by 4th-year medical students. Academic medical centers should consider incorporating adverse drug reaction reporting curriculum into the clinical training of medical students. JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety AU - Rosebraugh, Curtis J AU - Tsong, Yi AU - Zhou, Feng AU - Chen, Min AU - Mackey, Ann Corken AU - Flowers, Charlene AU - Toyer, Denise AU - Flockhart, David A AU - Honig, Peter K AD - United States Food and Drug Administration, Room 10B-45, HFD-570, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. RosebraughC@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 97 EP - 101 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1053-8569, 1053-8569 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Students, Medical -- statistics & numerical data KW - Male KW - Female KW - Quality Assurance, Health Care KW - Education, Medical KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73129900?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.atitle=Improving+the+quality+of+adverse+drug+reaction+reporting+by+4th-year+medical+students.&rft.au=Rosebraugh%2C+Curtis+J%3BTsong%2C+Yi%3BZhou%2C+Feng%3BChen%2C+Min%3BMackey%2C+Ann+Corken%3BFlowers%2C+Charlene%3BToyer%2C+Denise%3BFlockhart%2C+David+A%3BHonig%2C+Peter+K&rft.aulast=Rosebraugh&rft.aufirst=Curtis&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.issn=10538569&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation and interlaboratory validation of a selective agar for phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity using a chromogenic substrate to detect Listeria monocytogenes from foods. AN - 73100260; 12636298 AB - Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) activity is a potential virulence factor and is exhibited only by the Listeria species Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii. A chromogenic substrate for the direct detection of PI-PLC activity is available in a new medium (BCM L. monocytogenes plating agar). The use of a chromogenic substrate offers a mechanism with which to directly screen for L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii other than the esculin used in Oxford (OXF) and Palcam (PAL) agars, which screen for all Listeria species. The specificity levels of BCM plating agar and of BCM confirmation and rhamnose agars were evaluated with 107 Listeria and 10 Bacillus species isolates. In addition, BCM L. monocytogenes plating agar was compared with standard Listeria selective agars (OXF and PAL agars) with regard to the recovery of L. monocytogenes from 2,000 food and environmental samples obtained from eight participating laboratories. A Listeria species was isolated from at least one of the agars in 209 analyses, and L. monocytogenes was isolated in 135 of these analyses. In 27 of the analyses in which L. monocytogenes was isolated, one or more of the selective differential agars used failed to isolate L. monocytogenes, and therefore the results of these analyses were discrepant. Relative to a reference method involving the use of all three agars (OXF, PAL, and BCM agars), the OXF-BCM, PAL-BCM, and OXF-PAL combinations had sensitivities of 99.3, 99.2, and 90.2%, respectively. In statistical analyses of the different combinations of agars, the OXF-BCM and BCM-PAL combinations were found to be superior to the OXF-PAL combination for the detection of L. monocytogenes. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Jinneman, Karen C AU - Hunt, Jan M AU - Eklund, Cheryl A AU - Wernberg, Jane S AU - Sado, Patricia N AU - Johnson, Janelle M AU - Richter, Richelle S AU - Torres, Selene T AU - Ayotte, Eugene AU - Eliasberg, Stacey J AU - Istafanos, Phillip AU - Bass, Deborah AU - Kexel-Calabresa, Nancy AU - Lin, Wen AU - Barton, Curtis N AD - Food and Drug Administration, Office of Regulatory Affairs, Pacific Regional Laboratory-Northwest, 22201 23rd Drive S.E., Bothell, Washington 98021, USA. kjinnema@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 441 EP - 445 VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Chromogenic Compounds KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Agar KW - 9002-18-0 KW - Type C Phospholipases KW - EC 3.1.4.- KW - Phosphoinositide Phospholipase C KW - EC 3.1.4.11 KW - Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase KW - EC 4.6.1.13 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Food Microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- enzymology KW - Type C Phospholipases -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73100260?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Evaluation+and+interlaboratory+validation+of+a+selective+agar+for+phosphatidylinositol-specific+phospholipase+C+activity+using+a+chromogenic+substrate+to+detect+Listeria+monocytogenes+from+foods.&rft.au=Jinneman%2C+Karen+C%3BHunt%2C+Jan+M%3BEklund%2C+Cheryl+A%3BWernberg%2C+Jane+S%3BSado%2C+Patricia+N%3BJohnson%2C+Janelle+M%3BRichter%2C+Richelle+S%3BTorres%2C+Selene+T%3BAyotte%2C+Eugene%3BEliasberg%2C+Stacey+J%3BIstafanos%2C+Phillip%3BBass%2C+Deborah%3BKexel-Calabresa%2C+Nancy%3BLin%2C+Wen%3BBarton%2C+Curtis+N&rft.aulast=Jinneman&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The use of carbon thirteen nuclear magnetic resonance spectra to predict dioxin and furan binding affinities to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. AN - 73084178; 12627635 AB - Four spectroscopic data-activity relationship (SDAR) models for polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) have been developed based on simulated 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Models were developed using discriminant function analysis of the compounds' spectral data. An SDAR model with two classifications for 26 PCDF compounds had a leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation accuracy of 89%. A two-classification SDAR model for 14 PCDD compounds had LOO cross-validation accuracy of 95%. A two-classification SDAR model combining 14 PCDD and 26 PCDF compounds had LOO cross-validation accuracy of 88%, while a four-classification SDAR model based on the same 14 PCDD and 26 PCDF compounds had LOO cross-validation accuracy of 92%. We used each appropriate SDAR model to classify 41 PCDD and/or 121 PCDF compounds with unknown binding affinities to the AhR. The SDAR models provide a rapid, simple, and valid way to model the PCDF and PCDD binding activity in relation to the AhR. JF - Environmental toxicology and chemistry AU - Shade, Lindsay AU - Beger, Richard D AU - Wilkes, Jon G AD - Division of Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 501 EP - 509 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Benzofurans KW - 0 KW - Carbon Isotopes KW - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon KW - Index Medicus KW - Computer Simulation KW - Forecasting KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- analogs & derivatives KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- chemistry KW - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon -- metabolism KW - Models, Biological KW - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins -- metabolism KW - Benzofurans -- metabolism KW - Benzofurans -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73084178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+toxicology+and+chemistry&rft.atitle=The+use+of+carbon+thirteen+nuclear+magnetic+resonance+spectra+to+predict+dioxin+and+furan+binding+affinities+to+the+aryl+hydrocarbon+receptor.&rft.au=Shade%2C+Lindsay%3BBeger%2C+Richard+D%3BWilkes%2C+Jon+G&rft.aulast=Shade&rft.aufirst=Lindsay&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+toxicology+and+chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - HLA-DPB1 and chronic beryllium disease: a HuGE review. AN - 73076938; 12615603 AB - The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex is a series of genes located on chromosome 6 that are important in normal immune function. Susceptibility to chronic beryllium disease, a granulomatous lung disease that appears in workers exposed to beryllium, is modified by genetic variants of the HLA-DP subregion. Evaluation of HLA-DPB1 sequence motifs in current and former beryllium workers implicated a glutamic acid residue at position 69 (HLA-DPB1(Glu69)) in chronic beryllium disease. This finding has since been extended to specific HLA-DPB1(Glu69) alleles. Specific job tasks have also been implicated in degree of risk, and in this paper the authors explore gene-environment interaction. The utility of this genetic information for prospective, current, and former beryllium workers must be weighed against the potential for employment and insurance discrimination. Continued research in the beryllium-exposed population will be important for improving personal risk assessment and identifying high-risk genes associated with disease progression. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - McCanlies, Erin C AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AU - Andrew, Michael AU - Weston, Ainsley AD - Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. eim4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/03/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 01 SP - 388 EP - 398 VL - 157 IS - 5 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - HLA-DP Antigens KW - 0 KW - HLA-DP beta-Chains KW - HLA-DPB1 antigen KW - Index Medicus KW - Genetic Variation KW - Genetic Testing KW - Humans KW - Chronic Disease KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 KW - Occupational Diseases -- genetics KW - Berylliosis -- epidemiology KW - HLA-DP Antigens -- genetics KW - Berylliosis -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73076938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=HLA-DPB1+and+chronic+beryllium+disease%3A+a+HuGE+review.&rft.au=McCanlies%2C+Erin+C%3BKreiss%2C+Kathleen%3BAndrew%2C+Michael%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley&rft.aulast=McCanlies&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=157&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=388&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Promoting the appropriate use of oral antibiotics: there is some very good news. AN - 73067094; 12612251 JF - Pediatrics AU - Bauchner, Howard AU - Besser, Richard E AD - Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Boston University School of Medicine/Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA. howard.bauchner@bmc.org Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 668 EP - 670 VL - 111 IS - 3 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Humans KW - Practice Patterns, Physicians' -- trends KW - Child KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Practice Patterns, Physicians' -- statistics & numerical data KW - Prevalence KW - Drug Resistance, Multiple KW - Drug Prescriptions -- statistics & numerical data KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Drug Resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73067094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Promoting+the+appropriate+use+of+oral+antibiotics%3A+there+is+some+very+good+news.&rft.au=Bauchner%2C+Howard%3BBesser%2C+Richard+E&rft.aulast=Bauchner&rft.aufirst=Howard&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Letters+in+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=02668254&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1472-765X.2001.00957.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-sectional survey of the extent and indicators of hepatitis C virus infection in Houston Department of Health and Human Services' sexually transmitted disease clinics. AN - 73060262; 12614470 AB - To evaluate the prevalence and indicators of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Houston and determine the effectiveness of targeted HCV screening in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. We performed a cross-sectional survey in low-risk and high-risk groups in Houston. This included a blinded survey of HCV conducted in 1010 STD clinic clients having serological syphilis tests, and 1885 multi-speciality group practice patients having metabolic blood work. This was followed with a targeted hepatitis C survey of 822 high-risk clients from STD clinics. The seroprevalence of hepatitis C infection in the blinded survey was 3.9% (95% CI 3.0-4.8) in the multi-speciality group and 5.0% (95% CI 3.7-6.3) in the STD clinics. Prevalence of hepatitis C infection among targeted STD clinic clients was significantly higher at 15.3% (95% CI 12.7-17.7). Risk factors that correlated with HCV infection after logistic regression included: injection drug use (OR = 10, 95% CI = 3.4-30.3), heroin use (OR = 6.6, 95% CI = 2.2-20.5), non-transfusion/ transplantation blood exposure (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.3-6.9), sharing equipment to snort drugs (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.2-5.4), and age above 25 years (OR = 51, 95% CI = 9-47). This study demonstrates that targeting clients in STD clinics for known risk behaviours is an effective way to identify cases of HCV infection. STD clinics allow access to clients with both drug use and sexual risk behaviours and are a useful location for targeting hepatitis C screening and prevention efforts. JF - Journal of viral hepatitis AU - D'Souza, G AU - Arafat, R AU - Hwang, L AU - Cunningham, C AU - Shah, S AU - Reynolds, K AD - Houston Department of Health and Human Services, Bureau of Epidemiology and Bureau of HIV/STD, Houston, TX 77054, USA. Y1 - 2003/03// PY - 2003 DA - March 2003 SP - 134 EP - 140 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 1352-0504, 1352-0504 KW - Hepatitis C Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk-Taking KW - Texas -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis C Antibodies -- blood KW - Humans KW - Seroepidemiologic Studies KW - Child KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- virology KW - Logistic Models KW - Adult KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous KW - Prevalence KW - Hepatitis C -- virology KW - Hepatitis C -- diagnosis KW - Hepacivirus -- isolation & purification KW - Hepatitis C -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73060262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+viral+hepatitis&rft.atitle=Cross-sectional+survey+of+the+extent+and+indicators+of+hepatitis+C+virus+infection+in+Houston+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services%27+sexually+transmitted+disease+clinics.&rft.au=D%27Souza%2C+G%3BArafat%2C+R%3BHwang%2C+L%3BCunningham%2C+C%3BShah%2C+S%3BReynolds%2C+K&rft.aulast=D%27Souza&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+viral+hepatitis&rft.issn=13520504&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Substance abuse treatment need among older adults in 2020: the impact of the aging baby-boom cohort. AN - 73055931; 12609694 AB - There is concern that as the baby boom population ages in the US, there will be a substantial increase in the number of older adults needing treatment for substance abuse problems. To address this concern, projections of future treatment need for older adults (defined as age 50 and older) were made. Using data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, regression models including predictors of treatment need in 2000 and 2001 were developed. Treatment need was defined as having a DSM-IV alcohol or illicit drug use disorder in the past year. Regression parameters from these models were applied to the projected 2020 population to obtain estimates of the number of older adults needing treatment in 2020. The number of older adults in need of substance abuse treatment is estimated to increase from 1.7 million in 2000 and 2001 to 4.4 million in 2020. This is due to a 50 percent increase in the number of older adults and a 70 percent increase in the rate of treatment need among older adults. The aging baby boom cohort will place increasing demands on the substance abuse treatment system in the next two decades, requiring a shift in focus to address the special needs of an older population of substance abusers. There is also a need to develop improved tools for measuring substance use and abuse among older adults. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. JF - Drug and alcohol dependence AU - Gfroerer, Joseph AU - Penne, Michael AU - Pemberton, Michael AU - Folsom, Ralph AD - Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Room 16-105, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. jgfroere@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2003/03/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Mar 01 SP - 127 EP - 135 VL - 69 IS - 2 SN - 0376-8716, 0376-8716 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Forecasting KW - Data Collection KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Cohort Effect KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Health Services Needs and Demand -- trends KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73055931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+alcohol+dependence&rft.atitle=Substance+abuse+treatment+need+among+older+adults+in+2020%3A+the+impact+of+the+aging+baby-boom+cohort.&rft.au=Gfroerer%2C+Joseph%3BPenne%2C+Michael%3BPemberton%2C+Michael%3BFolsom%2C+Ralph&rft.aulast=Gfroerer&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1482&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitrate in public water supplies and risk of bladder cancer. AN - 73054173; 12606884 AB - Nitrate is a precursor compound in the formation of N-nitroso compounds, most of which are potent animal carcinogens. N-nitroso compounds and their precursors have not been extensively evaluated as bladder cancer risk factors. We conducted a population-based case-control study of bladder cancer in Iowa. Cases were men and women newly diagnosed with bladder cancer in 1986-1989. Nitrate data for Iowa public water supplies were sparse before the 1960s. To reduce misclassification by unknown nitrate levels, we included only those who used public supplies with nitrate data for 70% or more of their person-years since 1960 (808 cases, 1259 controls). Among controls, the median average nitrate level for their Iowa residences with public water supplies was 1.3 mg/liter nitrate-nitrogen (interquartile range = 0.6-3.0). After adjustment for confounders, we found no increased risk of bladder cancer with increasing average nitrate levels in drinking water; the highest quartile odds ratio for women was 0.8 (95% confidence interval = 0.4-0.8), and for men 0.5 (0.4-0.8). We observed no association among those with high water nitrate exposure (>median) and low (3-beta-glucans induces greater pulmonary toxicity than soluble 1-->3-beta-glucans in rats. AN - 73015203; 12587289 AB - 1-->3-beta-Glucans, derived from the inner cell wall of yeasts and fungi, are commonly found in indoor air dust samples and have been implicated in organic dust toxic syndrome. In a previous study, it was reported that 1-->3-beta-glucan (zymosan A) induced acute pulmonary inflammation in rats. This study investigates which form of 1-->3-beta-glucans, particulate or soluble, is more potent in inducing pulmonary inflammation. Zymosan A was suspended in 0.25 N NaOH for 30 min, neutralized, dialyzed for 2 d using deionized water, and particulate and soluble fractions were collected. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via intratracheal instillation to NaOH-soluble or NaOH-insoluble zymosan A. At 18 h postexposure, various indicators of pulmonary response were monitored, including indicators of lung damage, such as serum albumin concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in acellular bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Inflammation was characterized by an increase in lavageable polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Pulmonary irritation (breathing frequency increase) and oxidant production (nitric oxide and chemiluminescence, CL) were also monitored. Exposure to the particulate form of NaOH-treated zymosan produced a significant increase in all these indicators. In contrast, rats exposed to the NaOH-soluble fraction were not markedly affected except for LDH, PMN, and CL. However, these increases were significantly less than with exposure to NaOH-insoluble zymosan. Therefore, results demonstrate that particulate zymosan A is more potent in inducing pulmonary inflammation and damage in rats than the soluble form of this beta-glucan. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Young, Shih-Houng AU - Robinson, Victor A AU - Barger, Mark AU - Whitmer, Michael AU - Porter, Dale W AU - Frazer, David G AU - Castranova, Vincent AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2027, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. syoung@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 10 SP - 25 EP - 38 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Serum Albumin KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Zymosan KW - 9010-72-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Nitric Oxide -- analysis KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Serum Albumin -- analysis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Luminescent Measurements KW - Trachea -- drug effects KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Inflammation KW - Respiration -- drug effects KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Zymosan -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73015203?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+particulate+1--%26gt%3B3-beta-glucans+induces+greater+pulmonary+toxicity+than+soluble+1--%26gt%3B3-beta-glucans+in+rats.&rft.au=Young%2C+Shih-Houng%3BRobinson%2C+Victor+A%3BBarger%2C+Mark%3BWhitmer%2C+Michael%3BPorter%2C+Dale+W%3BFrazer%2C+David+G%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Shih-Houng&rft.date=2003-01-10&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer and other causes of mortality among radiologic technologists in the United States. AN - 72882376; 12455042 AB - Data are limited on the role of chronic exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation in the etiology of cancer. In a nationwide cohort of 146,022 U.S. radiologic technologists (73% female), we evaluated mortality risks in relation to work characteristics. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were computed to compare mortality in the total cohort vs. the general population of the United States. Mortality risks were low for all causes (SMR = 0.76) and for all cancers (SMR = 0.82) among the radiologic technologists. We also calculated relative risks (RR) for the 90,305 technologists who responded to a baseline mailed questionnaire, using Poisson regression models, adjusted for known risk factors. Risks were higher for all cancers (RR = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93-1.69) and breast cancer (RR = 2.92, 95% CI = 1.22-7.00) among radiologic technologists first employed prior to 1940 compared to those first employed in 1960 or later, and risks declined with more recent calendar year of first employment (p-trend = 0.04 and 0.002, respectively), irrespective of employment duration. Risk for the combined category of acute lymphocytic, acute myeloid and chronic myeloid leukemias was increased among those first employed prior to 1950 (RR = 1.64, 95% CI = 0.42-6.31) compared to those first employed in 1950 or later. Risks rose for breast cancer (p-trend = 0.018) and for acute lymphocytic, acute myeloid and chronic myeloid leukemias (p-trend = 0.05) with increasing duration of employment as a radiologic technologist prior to 1950. The elevated mortality risks for breast cancer and for the combined group of acute lymphocytic, acute myeloid and chronic myeloid leukemias are consistent with a radiation etiology given greater occupational exposures to ionizing radiation prior to 1950 than in more recent times. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - International journal of cancer AU - Mohan, Aparna K AU - Hauptmann, Michael AU - Freedman, D Michal AU - Ron, Elaine AU - Matanoski, Genevieve M AU - Lubin, Jay H AU - Alexander, Bruce H AU - Boice, John D AU - Doody, Michele Morin AU - Linet, Martha S AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7244, USA. mohan@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 10 SP - 259 EP - 267 VL - 103 IS - 2 SN - 0020-7136, 0020-7136 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Mortality KW - Radiology -- manpower KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- mortality KW - Technology, Radiologic KW - Radiation, Ionizing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72882376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.atitle=Cancer+and+other+causes+of+mortality+among+radiologic+technologists+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Mohan%2C+Aparna+K%3BHauptmann%2C+Michael%3BFreedman%2C+D+Michal%3BRon%2C+Elaine%3BMatanoski%2C+Genevieve+M%3BLubin%2C+Jay+H%3BAlexander%2C+Bruce+H%3BBoice%2C+John+D%3BDoody%2C+Michele+Morin%3BLinet%2C+Martha+S&rft.aulast=Mohan&rft.aufirst=Aparna&rft.date=2003-01-10&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+cancer&rft.issn=00207136&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to particulate 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucans induces greater pulmonary toxicity than soluble 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucans in rats AN - 18805325; 5684510 AB - 1 arrow right 3- beta -Glucans, derived from the inner cell wall of yeasts and fungi, are commonly found in indoor air dust samples and have been implicated in organic dust toxic syndrome. In a previous study, it was reported that 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucan (zymosan A) induced acute pulmonary inflammation in rats. This study investigates which form of 1 arrow right 3- beta -glucans, particulate or soluble, is more potent in inducing pulmonary inflammation. Zymosan A was suspended in 0.25 N NaOH for 30 min, neutralized, dialyzed for 2 d using deionized water, and particulate and soluble fractions were collected. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed via intratracheal instillation to NaOH-soluble or NaOH-insoluble zymosan A. At 18 h postexposure, various indicators of pulmonary response were monitored, including indicators of lung damage, such as serum albumin concentration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in acellular bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Inflammation was characterized by an increase in lavageable polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Pulmonary irritation (breathing frequency increase) and oxidant production (nitric oxide and chemiluminescence, CL) were also monitored. Exposure to the particulate form of NaOH-treated zymosan produced a significant increase in all these indicators. In contrast, rats exposed to the NaOH-soluble fraction were not markedly affected except for LDH, PMN, and CL. However, these increases were significantly less than with exposure to NaOH-insoluble zymosan. Therefore, results demonstrate that particulate zymosan A is more potent in inducing pulmonary inflammation and damage in rats than the soluble form of this beta -glucan. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Young, S-H AU - Robinson, V A AU - Barger, M AU - Whitmer, M AU - Porter, D W AU - Frazer, D G AU - Castranova, V AD - Engineering Control and Technology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2027, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, syoung@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jan 10 SP - 25 EP - 38 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - beta -Glucan KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18805325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+particulate+1+arrow+right+3-+beta+-glucans+induces+greater+pulmonary+toxicity+than+soluble+1+arrow+right+3-+beta+-glucans+in+rats&rft.au=Young%2C+S-H%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BBarger%2C+M%3BWhitmer%2C+M%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=S-H&rft.date=2003-01-10&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390390155732 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390390155732 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of idiopathic acute liver failure and hospitalized liver injury in patients treated with troglitazone. AN - 85413332; pmid-12526954 AB - Troglitazone, a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent, was withdrawn from the U.S. market in March, 2000, after 94 cases of acute liver failure (ALF) were reported with its use. Based on a literature review, the estimated background rate of hospitalization for idiopathic acute liver injury is 22 per million person-years and for idiopathic ALF, less than 1 per million person-years. This study was conducted to estimate the incidence rates of hospitalized idiopathic acute liver injury and ALF among troglitazone-treated patients.An observational retrospective inception cohort of patients treated with troglitazone was assembled using claims data from a large multistate health care organization. Patients with at least 90 days of health plan enrollment before their first troglitazone prescription between April, 1997 and December, 1998 were enrolled. Hospitalized cases of potential troglitazone-induced acute liver injury or ALF were identified from claims data based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, coding. Primary medical records were reviewed for case validation, and incidence rates of acute liver injury were calculated using person-years of troglitazone exposure as the denominator.A total of 7568 patients contributed 4020 person-years of troglitazone exposure. Of these, five were hospitalized with acute liver injury attributed to the drug and not explained by other causes. Incidence rates (95% CI) per million person-years of acute idiopathic liver injury were as follows: hospitalization (n = 5), 1244 (404, 2900); hospitalized jaundice (n = 4), 995 (271, 2546); and ALF (n = 1), 240 (6.3, 1385).Troglitazone use was associated with a marked increase in risk of hospitalized acute idiopathic liver injury and ALF. JF - The American journal of gastroenterology AU - Graham, David J AU - Drinkard, Carol R AU - Shatin, Deborah AD - Office of Drug Safety, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 175 EP - 179 VL - 98 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9270, 0002-9270 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - *Chromans: adverse effects KW - *Drug-Induced Liver Injury: epidemiology KW - *Drug-Induced Liver Injury: etiology KW - Female KW - Hospitalization KW - Humans KW - *Hypoglycemic Agents: adverse effects KW - Incidence KW - *Liver Failure, Acute: chemically induced KW - *Liver Failure, Acute: epidemiology KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Retrospective Studies KW - *Thiazoles: adverse effects KW - *Thiazolidinediones UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85413332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+gastroenterology&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+idiopathic+acute+liver+failure+and+hospitalized+liver+injury+in+patients+treated+with+troglitazone.&rft.au=Graham%2C+David+J%3BDrinkard%2C+Carol+R%3BShatin%2C+Deborah&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+gastroenterology&rft.issn=00029270&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From humble neural beginnings comes knowledge of numbers. AN - 85240014; pmid-12526766 AB - Following a recent report that monkey prefrontal cortex contains cells that represent number concepts, Nieder and Miller investigated the scale used to code numbers. In this issue of Neuron, they report that prefrontal cells use the same scale (Weber's Law) used by sensory neurons to code stimulus intensity, suggesting how abstract cognitive operations may arise from simpler building blocks that humans share with other animals. JF - Neuron AU - Pessoa Luiz AU - Desimone, Robert AD - Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 4 EP - 6 VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 0896-6273, 0896-6273 KW - Human KW - Neural Pathways KW - Animal KW - Psychomotor Performance KW - Prefrontal Cortex KW - Parietal Lobe KW - Cognition KW - Evolution KW - Nerve Net KW - Mathematics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85240014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuron&rft.atitle=From+humble+neural+beginnings+comes+knowledge+of+numbers.&rft.au=Pessoa+Luiz%3BDesimone%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Pessoa+Luiz&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=4&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuron&rft.issn=08966273&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proteomic approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of cancer. AN - 73544927; 12908550 AB - The field of proteomics holds promise for the discovery of new biomarkers for the early detection and diagnosis of disease, molecular targets for therapy and markers for therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. A variety of proteomics approaches may be used to address these goals. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) is the cornerstone of many discovery-based proteomics studies. Technologies such as laser capture microdissection (LCM) and highly sensitive MS methods are currently being used together to identify greater numbers of lower abundance proteins that are differentially expressed between defined cell populations. Newer technologies such as reverse phase protein arrays will enable the identification and profiling of target pathways in small biopsy specimens. Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF) analysis enables the high throughput characterization of lysates from very few tumor cells or body fluids and may be best suited for diagnosis and monitoring of disease. Such technologies are expected to supplement our arsenal of mRNA-based assays, and we believe that in the future, entire cellular networks and not just a single deregulated protein will be the target of therapeutics and that we will soon be able to monitor the status of these pathways in diseased cells before, during and after therapy. JF - Advances in experimental medicine and biology AU - Wulfkuhle, Julia D AU - Paweletz, Cloud P AU - Steeg, Patricia S AU - Petricoin, Emanuel F AU - Liotta, Lance AD - FDA/NCI Clinical Proteomics Program, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. wulfkuhle@cher.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 59 EP - 68 VL - 532 SN - 0065-2598, 0065-2598 KW - Biomarkers, Tumor KW - 0 KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - Proteome KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Index Medicus KW - Microdissection KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Biomarkers, Tumor -- genetics KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Phosphorylation KW - Peptide Mapping KW - Humans KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization KW - Lasers KW - Signal Transduction KW - Proteomics -- methods KW - Neoplasms -- diagnosis KW - Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Neoplasms -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73544927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Proteomic+approaches+to+the+diagnosis%2C+treatment%2C+and+monitoring+of+cancer.&rft.au=Wulfkuhle%2C+Julia+D%3BPaweletz%2C+Cloud+P%3BSteeg%2C+Patricia+S%3BPetricoin%2C+Emanuel+F%3BLiotta%2C+Lance&rft.aulast=Wulfkuhle&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=532&rft.issue=&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advances+in+experimental+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00652598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA drug approval summary: gefitinib (ZD1839) (Iressa) tablets. AN - 73542486; 12897327 AB - On May 5, 2003, gefitinib (Iressa), ZD1839) 250-mg tablets received accelerated approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as monotherapy treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of both platinum-based and docetaxel chemotherapies. Information provided in this summary includes efficacy and safety results of relevant clinical trials. Effectiveness was demonstrated in a randomized, double-blind, phase II, multicenter trial comparing two oral doses of gefitinib (250 mg/day versus 500 mg/day). Two hundred sixteen patients were enrolled. The 142 patients who were refractory to or intolerant of a platinum and docetaxel comprised the evaluable population for the efficacy analysis. A partial tumor response occurred in 14% (9 of 66) of patients receiving gefitinib 250 mg/day and in 8% (6 of 76) of patients receiving gefitinib 500 mg/day. The overall objective response rate for both doses combined was 10.6% (15 of 142 patients) (95% confidence interval 6.0%-16.8%). Responses were more frequent in females and in nonsmokers. The median duration of response was 7.0 months (range 4.6-18.6+ months). Other submitted data included the results of two large trials conducted in chemotherapy-naive, stage III and IV NSCLC patients. Patients were randomized to receive gefitinib (250 mg or 500 mg daily) or placebo, in combination with either gemcitabine plus cisplatin (n = 1,093) or carboplatin plus paclitaxel (n = 1,037). Results from those studies showed no benefit (response rate, time to progression, or survival) from adding gefitinib to chemotherapy. Consequently, gefinitib is only recommended for use as monotherapy. Common adverse events associated with gefitinib treatment included diarrhea, rash, acne, dry skin, nausea, and vomiting. Most toxicities were Common Toxicity Criteria grade 1 or 2. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been observed in patients receiving gefitinib. Worldwide, the incidence of ILD is about 1% (2% in the Japanese postmarketing experience and about 0.3% in a U.S. expanded access program). Approximately one-third of the cases were fatal. Physicians should promptly evaluate new or worsening pulmonary symptoms. If ILD is confirmed, appropriate management includes discontinuation of gefitinib. Gefitinib was approved under accelerated approval regulations on the basis of a surrogate end point response rate. No controlled gefitinib trials, to date, demonstrate a clinical benefit, such as improvement in disease-related symptoms or greater survival. Accelerated approval regulations require the sponsor to conduct further studies to verify that gefitinib therapy produces such a benefit. JF - The oncologist AU - Cohen, Martin H AU - Williams, Grant A AU - Sridhara, Rajeshwari AU - Chen, Gang AU - Pazdur, Richard AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. cohenma@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 303 EP - 306 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1083-7159, 1083-7159 KW - Quinazolines KW - 0 KW - Tablets KW - gefitinib KW - S65743JHBS KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Administration, Oral KW - Probability KW - Reference Values KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Neoplasm Staging KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adult KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Middle Aged KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Maximum Tolerated Dose KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Survival Analysis KW - Quinazolines -- administration & dosage KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung -- mortality KW - Drug Approval KW - Lung Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung -- drug therapy KW - Quinazolines -- pharmacology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73542486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+oncologist&rft.atitle=FDA+drug+approval+summary%3A+gefitinib+%28ZD1839%29+%28Iressa%29+tablets.&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Martin+H%3BWilliams%2C+Grant+A%3BSridhara%2C+Rajeshwari%3BChen%2C+Gang%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+oncologist&rft.issn=10837159&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detoxification of electrophilic compounds by glutathione S-transferase catalysis: determinants of individual response to chemical carcinogens and chemotherapeutic drugs? AN - 73528116; 12897434 AB - The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) catalyze the GSH-dependent detoxification of reactive electrophiles such as genotoxic chemical carcinogens and cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Allelic polymorphism in the GSTs has been used to investigate the hypothesis that GSTs are involved in susceptibility to human cancers. Such studies have resulted in low penetrance, high prevalence associations between cancer risk and GST polymorphisms. By examination of interindividual variation of GST expression it becomes clear that GST genotype alone is not an accurate predictor of GST expression. GST expression is tissue specific and interindividual variation of expression is at least 7-fold in normal tissues. Thus, populations of the same genotype are actually heterogeneous as regards expression. Similarly, polymorphisms are not effective in all tissues and GST induction is not independent of genotype. Mechanistic models for chemical aspects of colorectal cancer and chemotherapy for breast cancer demonstrate some of the ways by which such interactions can be studied and the potential for future studies. JF - BioFactors (Oxford, England) AU - Coles, Brian F AU - Kadlubar, Fred F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. bcoles@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 115 EP - 130 VL - 17 IS - 1-4 SN - 0951-6433, 0951-6433 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating KW - Carcinogens KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Genetic Variation KW - Alleles KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Humans KW - Gene Expression KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Catalysis KW - Inactivation, Metabolic KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73528116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioFactors+%28Oxford%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Detoxification+of+electrophilic+compounds+by+glutathione+S-transferase+catalysis%3A+determinants+of+individual+response+to+chemical+carcinogens+and+chemotherapeutic+drugs%3F&rft.au=Coles%2C+Brian+F%3BKadlubar%2C+Fred+F&rft.aulast=Coles&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1-4&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioFactors+%28Oxford%2C+England%29&rft.issn=09516433&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transgenic mice as an alternative to monkeys for neurovirulence testing of live oral poliovirus vaccine: validation by a WHO collaborative study. AN - 73297989; 12764491 AB - Extensive WHO collaborative studies were performed to evaluate the suitability of transgenic mice susceptible to poliovirus (TgPVR mice, strain 21, bred and provided by the Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Japan) as an alternative to monkeys in the neurovirulence test (NVT) of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Nine laboratories participated in the collaborative study on testing neurovirulence of 94 preparations of OPV and vaccine derivatives of all three serotypes in TgPVR21 mice. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that the TgPVR21 mouse NVT was of comparable sensitivity and reproducibility to the conventional WHO NVT in simians. A statistical model for acceptance/rejection of OPV lots in the mouse test was developed, validated, and shown to be suitable for all three vaccine types. The assessment of the transgenic mouse NVT is based on clinical evaluation of paralysed mice. Unlike the monkey NVT, histological examination of central nervous system tissue of each mouse offered no advantage over careful and detailed clinical observation. Based on data from the collaborative studies the WHO Expert Committee for Biological Standardization approved the mouse NVT as an alternative to the monkey test for all three OPV types and defined a standard implementation process for laboratories that wish to use the test. This represents the first successful introduction of transgenic animals into control of biologicals. JF - Bulletin of the World Health Organization AU - Dragunsky, Eugenia AU - Nomura, Tatsuji AU - Karpinski, Kazimir AU - Furesz, John AU - Wood, David J AU - Pervikov, Yuri AU - Abe, Shinobu AU - Kurata, Takeshi AU - Vanloocke, Olivier AU - Karganova, Galina AU - Taffs, Rolf AU - Heath, Alan AU - Ivshina, Anna AU - Levenbook, Inessa AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA. dragunsky@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 251 EP - 260 VL - 81 IS - 4 SN - 0042-9686, 0042-9686 KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - World Health Organization KW - Cooperative Behavior KW - Laboratories KW - Mice KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Male KW - Female KW - Poliovirus -- pathogenicity KW - Central Nervous System -- virology KW - Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral -- toxicity KW - Poliovirus -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73297989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+World+Health+Organization&rft.atitle=Transgenic+mice+as+an+alternative+to+monkeys+for+neurovirulence+testing+of+live+oral+poliovirus+vaccine%3A+validation+by+a+WHO+collaborative+study.&rft.au=Dragunsky%2C+Eugenia%3BNomura%2C+Tatsuji%3BKarpinski%2C+Kazimir%3BFuresz%2C+John%3BWood%2C+David+J%3BPervikov%2C+Yuri%3BAbe%2C+Shinobu%3BKurata%2C+Takeshi%3BVanloocke%2C+Olivier%3BKarganova%2C+Galina%3BTaffs%2C+Rolf%3BHeath%2C+Alan%3BIvshina%2C+Anna%3BLevenbook%2C+Inessa&rft.aulast=Dragunsky&rft.aufirst=Eugenia&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+the+World+Health+Organization&rft.issn=00429686&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human liver microsomal metabolism and DNA adduct formation of the tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, riddelliine. AN - 73182486; 12693032 AB - Riddelliine, a widespread naturally occurring genotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, induced liver tumors in rats and mice in an NTP 2-year carcinogenicity bioassay. We have determined that riddelliine induces liver tumors in rats through a genotoxic mechanism involving the formation of (+/-)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP), which reacts with DNA to form a set of eight DNA adducts. To determine the relevance to humans of the results obtained in experimental animals, the metabolism of riddelliine was conducted using human liver microsomes. As with rat liver microsomes, DHP and riddelliine N-oxide were major metabolites in incubations conducted with human liver microsomes. The levels of DHP and riddelliine N-oxide were 0.20-0.62 and 0.03-0.15 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively, which are comparable to those obtained from rat liver microsomal metabolism. When metabolism was conducted in the presence of calf thymus DNA, the same set of eight DHP-derived DNA adducts was formed. Both the metabolism pattern and DNA adduct profile were very similar to those obtained from rat liver microsomes. When metabolism was conducted in the presence of the P450 3A4 enzyme inhibitor triacetyleandomycin, the formation of DHP and riddelliine N-oxide was reduced 84 and 92%, respectively. For DHP formation, the Km values were determined to be 0.37 +/- 0.05 and 0.66 +/- 0.08 mM from female rats and female humans; the Vmax values from female rat and human liver microsomal metabolism were 0.48 +/- 0.03 and 1.70 +/- 0.09 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. These results strongly indicate the mechanistic data on liver tumor induction obtained for riddelliine in laboratory rodents is highly relevant to humans. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Xia, Qingsu AU - Chou, Ming W AU - Kadlubar, Fred F AU - Chan, Po-Cheun AU - Fu, Peter P AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 66 EP - 73 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Phosphorus Isotopes KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids KW - riddelliine KW - 23246-96-0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Troleandomycin KW - C4DZ64560D KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Troleandomycin -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Phosphorus Isotopes -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Cattle KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Middle Aged KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Male KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73182486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Human+liver+microsomal+metabolism+and+DNA+adduct+formation+of+the+tumorigenic+pyrrolizidine+alkaloid%2C+riddelliine.&rft.au=Xia%2C+Qingsu%3BChou%2C+Ming+W%3BKadlubar%2C+Fred+F%3BChan%2C+Po-Cheun%3BFu%2C+Peter+P&rft.aulast=Xia&rft.aufirst=Qingsu&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Chem Res Toxicol. 2003 Mar;16(3):432 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hazards associated with the manufacture and repair of neon lights. AN - 73129763; 12650542 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Ewers, Lynda AU - Page, Elena AU - Mortimer, Vincent AD - Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 1 EP - 9 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Neon KW - 4VB4Y46AHD KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Lead -- adverse effects KW - Cadmium -- adverse effects KW - Mercury -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Maintenance KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lighting KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73129763?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Hazards+associated+with+the+manufacture+and+repair+of+neon+lights.&rft.au=Ewers%2C+Lynda%3BPage%2C+Elena%3BMortimer%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Ewers&rft.aufirst=Lynda&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A national study of the substance abuse treatment workforce. AN - 73127609; 12646330 AB - This study's purpose is to gain a current perspective on the substance abuse treatment field's workforce. The data are from the Retrospective Study of treatment professionals designed to document how the Treatment Improvement Protocols published by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment have influenced the implementation of best practices. The Retrospective Study consisted of a two-wave cross-sectional survey with telephone follow-up. Data for this study were from demographic information on Wave 1 study participants, which had a response rate of 80.1% (N = 3,267). The results of the study showed that most treatment professionals are White (84.5%) and middle-aged (i.e., between 40 and 55 years old) and slightly more are female (50.5.0%) than male (49.5%). Treatment professionals tend to enter the field and stay in it, and almost 80.0% of respondents possess a bachelor's degree or higher. In addition, most treatment professionals are licensed or certified and treat clients from different racial and ethnic backgrounds than themselves. Implications for the provision of treatment services are discussed. Copyright 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. JF - Journal of substance abuse treatment AU - Mulvey, Kevin P AU - Hubbard, Susan AU - Hayashi, Susan AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 5515 Security Lane, Suite 840, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. kmulvey@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 51 EP - 57 VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0740-5472, 0740-5472 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Professional Competence KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Middle Aged KW - Data Collection KW - Male KW - Female KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers -- statistics & numerical data KW - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers -- manpower UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73127609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+substance+abuse+treatment&rft.atitle=A+national+study+of+the+substance+abuse+treatment+workforce.&rft.au=Mulvey%2C+Kevin+P%3BHubbard%2C+Susan%3BHayashi%2C+Susan&rft.aulast=Mulvey&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+substance+abuse+treatment&rft.issn=07405472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field-portable spectroscopy. AN - 73123457; 12650543 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Ashley, Kevin AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. kashley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 10 EP - 15 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - Index Medicus KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Aerosols -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Equipment and Supplies -- standards KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Spectrum Analysis -- classification KW - Spectrum Analysis -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73123457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Field-portable+spectroscopy.&rft.au=Ashley%2C+Kevin&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Committee on additives, beverages, and food process related analytes. Filth and extraneous materials in foods and drugs. AN - 73062747; 12607750 JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Olsen, Alan R Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 128 VL - 86 IS - 1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Contamination KW - Food Contamination -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73062747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Committee+on+additives%2C+beverages%2C+and+food+process+related+analytes.+Filth+and+extraneous+materials+in+foods+and+drugs.&rft.au=Olsen%2C+Alan+R&rft.aulast=Olsen&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Committee on natural toxins and food allergens. Mycotoxins. AN - 73055446; 12607751 JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Trucksess, Mary W Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 129 EP - 138 VL - 86 IS - 1 KW - Aflatoxins KW - 0 KW - Ergot Alkaloids KW - Fumonisins KW - Indoles KW - Mycotoxins KW - Ochratoxins KW - Trichothecenes KW - Citrinin KW - 3S697X6SNZ KW - Zearalenone KW - 5W827M159J KW - Patulin KW - 95X2BV4W8R KW - cyclopiazonic acid KW - X9TLY4580Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Ochratoxins -- analysis KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Aflatoxins -- analysis KW - Fumonisins -- analysis KW - Alternaria -- metabolism KW - Chemistry Techniques, Analytical -- methods KW - Zearalenone -- analysis KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Patulin -- analysis KW - Ergot Alkaloids -- analysis KW - Citrinin -- analysis KW - Indoles -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73055446?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Microarray+Analysis+of+Microbial+Virulence+Factors&rft.au=Chizhikov%2C+V%3BRasooly%2C+A%3BChumakov%2C+K%3BLevy%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Chizhikov&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2001-07-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.67.7.3258-3263.2001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Committee on microbiology and extraneous materials. Food microbiology--non-dairy. AN - 73053889; 12607757 JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Andrews, Wallace H Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 154 EP - 159 VL - 86 IS - 1 KW - Culture Media, Conditioned KW - 0 KW - Stainless Steel KW - 12597-68-1 KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Enterobacteriaceae -- isolation & purification KW - Botulinum Toxins -- analysis KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Culture Media, Conditioned -- chemistry KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteria, Aerobic -- isolation & purification KW - Listeria -- isolation & purification KW - Food Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73053889?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Committee+on+microbiology+and+extraneous+materials.+Food+microbiology--non-dairy.&rft.au=Andrews%2C+Wallace+H&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Wallace&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicologic pathology: looking ahead. AN - 73042178; 12597424 AB - The field of toxicologic pathology is being impacted, as are other fields of science and medicine, by rapid transitions to take advantage of new science and technology. The new technology represents great opportunities to advance our understanding of toxicology and pathology to exciting new levels, but it also poses new challenges. We must be seriously engaged in that transition to assure that the outcome reflects the knowledge and discipline that are hallmarks of today's decision-making process in areas of product development and approval. New expertise will be required to deal with new issues. How well and how rapidly we adapt as the field moves from "...icities" to "...omics" will, at least in part, determine the role of toxicologic pathologists in the product development and approval processes of the future. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Schwetz, Bernard A AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 2 EP - 5 VL - 31 Suppl SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Diagnostic Imaging -- trends KW - Humans KW - Forecasting KW - Genetic Engineering -- trends KW - Models, Biological KW - Diagnostic Imaging -- methods KW - Toxicology -- trends KW - Pathology -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73042178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Toxicologic+pathology%3A+looking+ahead.&rft.au=Schwetz%2C+Bernard+A&rft.aulast=Schwetz&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31+Suppl&rft.issue=&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health effects of welding. AN - 73021609; 12585507 AB - Many of the epidemiology studies performed are difficult to compare because of differences in worker populations, industrial settings, welding techniques, duration of exposure, and other occupational exposures besides welding fumes. Some studies were conducted in carefully controlled work environments, others during actual workplace conditions, and some in laboratories. Epidemiology studies have shown that a large number of welders experience some type of respiratory illness. Respiratory effects seen in full-time welders have included bronchitis, airway irritation, lung function changes, and a possible increase in the incidence of lung cancer. Pulmonary infections are increased in terms of severity, duration, and frequency among welders. Although epidemiological studies have demonstrated an increase in pulmonary illness after exposure to welding fumes, little information of the causality, dose-response, and possible underlying mechanisms regarding the inhalation of welding fumes exists. Even less information is available about the neurological, reproductive, and dermal effects after welding fume exposure. Moreover, carcinogenicity and short-term and long-term toxicology studies of welding fumes in animals are lacing or incomplete. Therefore, an understanding of possible adverse health effects of exposure to welding fumes is essential to risk assessment and the development of prevention strategies and will impact a large population of workers. JF - Critical reviews in toxicology AU - Antonini, James M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road (M/S 2015), Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 61 EP - 103 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 1040-8444, 1040-8444 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Confined Spaces KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Welding KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73021609?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+reviews+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Health+effects+of+welding.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+James+M&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+reviews+in+toxicology&rft.issn=10408444&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of wake-induced exposure using an interrupted oscillating jet. AN - 73008809; 12570392 AB - A problem may arise in ventilation design when the contaminant source is located in the worker's wake, where turbulence and vortex formation can carry the contaminant into the breathing zone even though the source is downwind. It was found previously that forced directional variations in the flow can reduce or eliminate the vortex formation that causes these local reversals. Reported here is a simple realization of this concept, in which an oscillating jet of air was directed at a mannequin in an otherwise steady flow of air. A 50th percentile male mannequin was placed in a nearly uniform flow of approximately 0.18 m/sec (36 ft/min). A low-velocity tracer gas source (isobutylene) was held in the standing mannequin's hands with the upper arms vertical and the elbows at 90 degrees. Four ventilation scenarios were compared by concentration measurements in the breathing zone, using photoionization detectors: (A) uniform flow; (B) addition of a steady jet with initial velocity 5.1 m/sec (1.0 x 10(3) ft/min) directed at the mannequin's back, parallel to the main flow; (C) making the jet oscillate to 45 degrees on either side of the centerline with a period of 13 sec; and (D) introducing a blockage at the centerline so the oscillating jet never blew directly at the worker. At the 97.5% confidence level the interrupted oscillating jet (case D) achieved at least 99% exposure reduction compared with the uniform flow by itself (case A), at least 93% compared with the steady jet (case B), and at least 45% exposure reduction compared with the unblocked oscillating jet (case C). JF - AIHA journal : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety AU - Bennett, James S AU - Crouch, Keith G AU - Shulman, Stanley A AD - Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, MS R5, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 24 EP - 29 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 1542-8117, 1542-8117 KW - Index Medicus KW - Physical Phenomena KW - Physics KW - Respiration KW - Humans KW - Workplace KW - Movement KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Ventilation KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Air Movements KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73008809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.atitle=Control+of+wake-induced+exposure+using+an+interrupted+oscillating+jet.&rft.au=Bennett%2C+James+S%3BCrouch%2C+Keith+G%3BShulman%2C+Stanley+A&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.issn=15428117&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of coal mine dust size distributions and calibration standards for crystalline silica analysis. AN - 73008016; 12570393 AB - Since 1982 standard calibration materials recommended for respirable crystalline silica analysis by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) P7 Infrared Method and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analytical Method 7500 have undergone minor changes in size distribution. However, a critical assumption has been made that the crystalline silica in ambient mine atmosphere respirable dust samples has also remained essentially unchanged in particle size distribution. Therefore, this work compared recent particle size distributions of underground coal mine dust and the silica component of these dusts with estimated aerodynamic particle size distributions of calibration standard materials MIN-U-SIL 5, Berkeley 5, and SRM 1878 used by two crystalline silica analysis techniques. Dust impactor sampling data for various locations in 13 underground coal mines were analyzed for the respirable mass median aerodynamic diameters. The data suggest that the MSHA P7 method will underestimate the silica content of the sample by at most 7.4% in the median size range 0.9 to 3.6 microm, and that it is unlikely one would obtain any significant error in the MSHA P7 method analysis when the method uses Berkeley 5, MIN-U-SIL 5, or SRM 1878 as a calibration standard material. The results suggest that the NIOSH Analytical Method 7500 would be more appropriate for a dust sample that is representative of the total (no cyclone classifier) rather than the respirable airborne dust, particularly because the mass fraction in the size range below 4 microm is usually a small percentage of the total airborne dust mass. However, NIOSH Analytical Method 7500 is likely to underestimate the silica content of an airborne respirable dust sample by only 5 to 10%. The results of this study also suggest that any changes that may have occurred in the median respirable size of airborne coal mine dust are not significant enough to cause any appreciable error in the current methods used for respirable crystalline silica analysis. JF - AIHA journal : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety AU - Page, Steven J AD - NIOSH, Pittsburgh Research Center, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 30 EP - 39 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 1542-8117, 1542-8117 KW - Coal KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Crystallization KW - Reference Values KW - X-Ray Diffraction KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Mining KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Silicon Dioxide -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73008016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+coal+mine+dust+size+distributions+and+calibration+standards+for+crystalline+silica+analysis.&rft.au=Page%2C+Steven+J&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.issn=15428117&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse drug event monitoring at the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 72971377; 12534765 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is responsible not only for approving drugs but also for monitoring their safety after they reach the market. The complete adverse event profile of a drug is not known at the time of approval because of the small sample size, short duration, and limited generalizability of pre-approval clinical trials. This report describes the FDA's postmarketing surveillance system, to which many clinicians submit reports of adverse drug events encountered while treating their patients. Despite its limitations, the spontaneous reporting system is an extremely valuable mechanism by which hazards with drugs that were not observed or recognized at the time of approval are identified. Physicians are strongly encouraged to submit reports of adverse outcomes with suspect drugs to the FDA, and their reports make a difference. The FDA is strengthening its postmarketing surveillance with access to new data sources that have the potential to further improve the identification, quantification, and subsequent management of drug risk. JF - Journal of general internal medicine AU - Ahmad, Syed Rizwanuddin AD - Division of Drug Risk Evaluation, Office of Drug Safety, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, Md 20857, USA. ahmads@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 57 EP - 60 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0884-8734, 0884-8734 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72971377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+general+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=Adverse+drug+event+monitoring+at+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Ahmad%2C+Syed+Rizwanuddin&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Syed&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+general+internal+medicine&rft.issn=08848734&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-01 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: JAMA. 2000 Dec 20;284(23):3036-9 [11122591] JAMA. 1998 Apr 15;279(15):1200-5 [9555760] JAMA. 2001 Jan 24-31;285(4):437-43 [11242428] J Rheumatol. 2001 May;28(5):1180-7 [11361210] Lancet. 2001 Jun 2;357(9270):1766-7 [11403818] Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Jun;96(6):1698-703 [11419817] N Engl J Med. 2001 Jul 19;345(3):224-5 [11463031] JAMA. 2001 Aug 15;286(7):831-3 [11497537] J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 Oct;45(4):515-9 [11568740] JAMA. 2001 Dec 26;286(24):3081 [11754672] Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Dec;98(6):1151 [11755578] Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Dec;96(12):3449-50 [11774975] N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 14;346(7):539-40 [11844864] Arch Intern Med. 2002 Mar 25;162(6):713-5 [11911727] JAMA. 2002 May 1;287(17):2215-20 [11980521] Am J Cardiol. 2002 Jun 1;89(11):1331-4 [12031744] N Engl J Med. 2002 Jun 6;346(23):1832-3 [12050351] Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Jul 15;35(2):197-200 [12087527] Drug Saf. 2002;25(7):537-44 [12093311] J Emerg Med. 2002 May;22(4):385-7 [12113850] R I Med J. 1987 Jul;70(7):311-6 [3476980] Arch Intern Med. 1988 Jul;148(7):1596-600 [3382304] JAMA. 1993 Jun 2;269(21):2765-8 [8492403] Lancet. 1993 Jun 5;341(8858):1465-6 [8099153] Arch Intern Med. 1995 Oct 9;155(18):1949-56 [7575048] Comment In: J Gen Intern Med. 2003 Jan;18(1):72-3 [12534769] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Priorities for development of research methods in occupational cancer. AN - 72946918; 12524210 AB - Occupational cancer research methods was identified in 1996 as 1 of 21 priority research areas in the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA). To implement NORA, teams of experts from various sectors were formed and given the charge to further define research needs and develop strategies to enhance or augment research in each priority area. This article is a product of that process. Focus on occupational cancer research methods is important both because occupational factors play a significant role in a number of cancers, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, and also because occupational cohorts (because of higher exposure levels) often provide unique opportunities to evaluate health effects of environmental toxicants and understand the carcinogenic process in humans. Despite an explosion of new methods for cancer research in general, these have not been widely applied to occupational cancer research. In this article we identify needs and gaps in occupational cancer research methods in four broad areas: identification of occupational carcinogens, design of epidemiologic studies, risk assessment, and primary and secondary prevention. Progress in occupational cancer will require interdisciplinary research involving epidemiologists, industrial hygienists, toxicologists, and molecular biologists. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Ward, Elizabeth M AU - Schulte, Paul A AU - Bayard, Steve AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Brandt-Rauf, Paul AU - Butler, Mary Ann AU - Dankovic, David AU - Hubbs, Ann F AU - Jones, Carol AU - Karstadt, Myra AU - Kedderis, Gregory L AU - Melnick, Ronald AU - Redlich, Carrie A AU - Rothman, Nathaniel AU - Savage, Russell E AU - Sprinker, Michael AU - Toraason, Mark AU - Weston, Ainsley AU - Olshan, Andrew F AU - Stewart, Patricia AU - Zahm, Sheila Hoar AU - National Occupational Research Agenda Team AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. ; National Occupational Research Agenda Team Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 111 IS - 1 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Animals KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Humans KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Research Design KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Risk Assessment KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72946918?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Priorities+for+development+of+research+methods+in+occupational+cancer.&rft.au=Ward%2C+Elizabeth+M%3BSchulte%2C+Paul+A%3BBayard%2C+Steve%3BBlair%2C+Aaron%3BBrandt-Rauf%2C+Paul%3BButler%2C+Mary+Ann%3BDankovic%2C+David%3BHubbs%2C+Ann+F%3BJones%2C+Carol%3BKarstadt%2C+Myra%3BKedderis%2C+Gregory+L%3BMelnick%2C+Ronald%3BRedlich%2C+Carrie+A%3BRothman%2C+Nathaniel%3BSavage%2C+Russell+E%3BSprinker%2C+Michael%3BToraason%2C+Mark%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley%3BOlshan%2C+Andrew+F%3BStewart%2C+Patricia%3BZahm%2C+Sheila+Hoar%3BNational+Occupational+Research+Agenda+Team&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2001 Feb;16(2):128-34 [11217699] Tumour Biol. 2001 May-Jun;22(3):191-202 [11275798] Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001;1471(2):C1-10 [11342183] Mutat Res. 2000 Apr;462(2-3):407-21 [11523541] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):542-50 [11602665] Epidemiology. 2001 Nov;12(6):710-8 [11679801] Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1979;19:511-30 [378109] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981 Jun;66(6):1191-308 [7017215] Br J Ind Med. 1983 Nov;40(4):390-401 [6354246] J Occup Med. 1985 Jun;27(6):420-6 [4020500] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999 Dec 15;161(3):249-57 [10620482] N Engl J Med. 1987 Apr 23;316(17):1044-50 [3561457] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1987 Dec;13(6):486-92 [3433050] Carcinogenesis. 1988 Jul;9(7):1159-65 [3383336] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989 Oct 4;81(19):1472-80 [2778834] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989 Oct 4;81(19):1480-3 [2778835] Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1989;572:27-45; discussion 55-60 [2697170] Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(6):683-99 [2343874] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990 Nov 21;82(22):1746-52 [2231769] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Dec;87(23):9178-82 [2251261] Environ Health Perspect. 1990 Aug;88:325-37 [2272330] Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(4):509-21 [2035549] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1991 Jun;17(3):159-69 [2068554] Nature. 1992 Mar 19;356(6366):215-21 [1552940] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Apr;100:201-10 [8354167] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Sep;50(9):827-34 [8398877] Environ Health Perspect. 1993 Oct;101(5):444-5 [8119256] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994 Jun 15;86(12):921-5 [8196082] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1994 Aug;20(4):251-61 [7801070] J Occup Med. 1994 Aug;36(8):842-7 [7807263] J Occup Med. 1994 Aug;36(8):855-9 [7807265] J Occup Med. 1994 Aug;36(8):907-12 [7807274] Br J Ind Med. 1954 Apr;11(2):75-104 [13149741] Br J Ind Med. 1955 Apr;12(2):81-6 [14363586] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Jun;106 Suppl 3:909-25 [9646055] Cancer Detect Prev. 1998;22(4):273-83 [9674870] Int J Cancer. 1998 Aug 12;77(4):549-53 [9679757] Mutat Res. 1998 May 25;400(1-2):493-507 [9685707] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998;24 Suppl 2:25-41 [9714511] Toxicol Sci. 2000 Jan;53(1):135-44 [10653531] Occup Environ Med. 1999 Nov;56(11):781-7 [10658565] Cancer Causes Control. 2000 Feb;11(2):177-84 [10710203] Cancer Res. 2000 Mar 15;60(6):1619-25 [10749131] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000 Mar;9(3):271-7 [10750665] J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000 Apr 19;92(8):602-12 [10772677] Toxicol Sci. 2000 May;55(1):17-23 [10788555] Ind Health. 2000 Apr;38(2):143-52 [10812837] Int J Occup Environ Health. 2000 Apr-Jun;6(2):148-50 [10828145] Am J Ind Med. 2000 Jul;38(1):28-39 [10861764] Carcinogenesis. 1995 Feb;16(2):173-9 [7859345] J Occup Med. 1994 Nov;36(11):1199-203 [7861263] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Apr;27(4):471-83 [7793420] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995 Sep 20;87(18):1400-7 [7658501] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Jul-Aug;103(7-8):680-3 [7588478] Int J Cancer. 1996 Jan 3;65(1):39-50 [8543394] Environ Health Perspect. 1995 Sep;103 Suppl 6:111-6 [8549456] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Apr;104(4):362-9 [8732939] Toxicology. 1996 Oct 28;113(1-3):190-202 [8901898] Int J Epidemiol. 1996 Aug;25(4):744-52 [8921451] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Oct;104 Suppl 5:1001-10 [8933048] Carcinogenesis. 1996 Nov;17(11):2455-61 [8968063] Carcinogenesis. 1997 Jan;18(1):97-105 [9054595] Am J Ind Med. 1997 May;31(5):485-94 [9099349] Am J Epidemiol. 1997 Apr 15;145(8):680-8 [9125994] Am J Epidemiol. 1997 Jun 15;145(12):1061-75 [9199536] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997 Jul 16;89(14):1065-71 [9230889] Arch Intern Med. 1997 Jul 28;157(14):1557-68 [9236557] Lancet. 1997 Jul 26;350(9073):240-4 [9242800] Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1997 Jun;37(2):125-30 [9242585] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Oct;105(10):1068-77 [9349828] IARC Sci Publ. 1997;(142):185-200 [9354919] Cancer Causes Control. 1997 May;8(3):504-13 [9498907] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Feb;106 Suppl 1:81-4 [9539007] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Apr;106 Suppl 2:473-6 [9599694] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Jun;106 Suppl 3:893-908 [9646054] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998;24 Suppl 2:42-53 [9714512] Toxicol Sci. 1998 Jul;44(1):22-31 [9720137] Cancer Res. 1998 Sep 15;58(18):4117-21 [9751622] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Oct;106(10):623-7 [9755136] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Oct;106(10):A484-7 [9755149] Epidemiol Rev. 1998;20(1):1-14 [9762505] Am J Ind Med. 1998 Nov;34(5):413-20 [9787844] Am J Ind Med. 1998 Nov;34(5):519-25 [9787859] Am J Epidemiol. 1998 Nov 15;148(10):929-36 [9829864] Carcinogenesis. 1999 Jan;20(1):1-11 [9934843] Int J Cancer. 1999 Jan 5;80(1):44-6 [9935228] Biochem Pharmacol. 1998 May 1;55(9):1445-52 [10076537] Cancer Res. 1999 Apr 1;59(7):1481-4 [10197617] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999 May 5;91(9):779-86 [10328108] Am J Ind Med. 1999 Jul;36(1):70-4 [10361589] Toxicol Sci. 1999 May;49(1):48-55 [10367341] N Engl J Med. 2000 Jul 13;343(2):78-85 [10891514] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1999 Dec;25(6):491-7 [10884144] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1999 Dec;25(6):505-10 [10884146] Int J Cancer. 2000 Dec 1;88(5):820-7 [11072254] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000 Dec;9(12):1357-67 [11142422] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deaths due to injuries among employed adults: the effects of socioeconomic class. AN - 72886194; 12500049 AB - Few studies have investigated socioeconomic status (SES) and external causes of death (ie, deaths attributable to injuries). These deaths are of particular interest because they are potentially preventable and they represent the second leading cause of years of life lost under age 75. We studied 261,723 deaths from external causes in 27 states from 1984 to 1997 among employed persons age 20-64. Numerator data came from occupation on the death certificate. Occupation-specific denominator data came from the U.S. Census. A Nam-Powers SES score was assigned to each occupation based on its relative income and education in the U.S. Census. After adjusting for age, sex, year and race, SES was strongly associated with mortality from all external causes combined for men (rate ratios = 2.9, 2.3, 1.5, and 1.0 by ascending SES quartile), and to a lesser extent for women (rate ratios = 1.6, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.0). A similar pattern was seen for each of the specific external causes (motor vehicle deaths, suicide, homicide, injuries other than by motor vehicle, and medical complications). We estimate 41% of deaths from external causes are attributable to having a SES below the top quartile (both sexes combined). JF - Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) AU - Steenland, Kyle AU - Halperin, William AU - Hu, Sherry AU - Walker, James T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Atlanta, GA, USA. nsteenl@sph.emory.edu Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 74 EP - 79 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 1044-3983, 1044-3983 KW - Index Medicus KW - Accidents, Traffic -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Homicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Occupations -- classification KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Suicide -- statistics & numerical data KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Employment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Wounds and Injuries -- classification KW - Social Class KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72886194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.atitle=Deaths+due+to+injuries+among+employed+adults%3A+the+effects+of+socioeconomic+class.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+Kyle%3BHalperin%2C+William%3BHu%2C+Sherry%3BWalker%2C+James+T&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epidemiology+%28Cambridge%2C+Mass.%29&rft.issn=10443983&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The concept of degraded images applied to hazard recognition training in mining for reduction of lost-time injuries. AN - 71551545; 14733985 AB - This paper discusses the application of a training intervention that uses degraded images for improving the hazard recognition skills of miners. NIOSH researchers, in an extensive literature review, identified fundamental psychological principles on perception that may be employed to enhance the ability of miners to recognize and respond to hazards in their dangerous work environment. Three studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the degraded image training intervention. A model of hazard recognition was developed to guide the study. In the first study, miners from Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Alabama, who were taught with the aid of degraded images, scored significantly better on follow-up hazard recognition performance measures than those trained using traditional instructional methodologies. The second and third studies investigated the effectiveness of the training intervention at two mining companies. Data collected over a 3-year period showed that lost-time injuries at mines in Alabama and Illinois declined soon after the training intervention was instituted. Further exploration of the hazard recognition model and the development of other interventions based on the model could support the validity of the steps in the hazard recognition model. JF - Journal of safety research AU - Kowalski-Trakofler, Kathleen M AU - Barrett, Edward A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA. kkowalski@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 515 EP - 525 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Emblems and Insignia KW - Survival Rate KW - Humans KW - Audiovisual Aids KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Visual Acuity KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Mining -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mining -- education KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Workplace -- statistics & numerical data KW - Inservice Training -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71551545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.atitle=The+concept+of+degraded+images+applied+to+hazard+recognition+training+in+mining+for+reduction+of+lost-time+injuries.&rft.au=Kowalski-Trakofler%2C+Kathleen+M%3BBarrett%2C+Edward+A&rft.aulast=Kowalski-Trakofler&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disseminating science-based prevention: lessons learned from CSAP's CAPTs. AN - 71549003; 15022858 AB - A wide variety of prevention approaches that reduce substance use and associated problems have been developed and tested. But successes have been limited in promoting the use of these scientific advances by the policy makers, practitioners, and concerned citizens. The Center for Substance Abuse Prevention's six regional Centers for the Application of Prevention Technologies (CSAP's CAPTs) are a major mechanism by which CSAP brings research to practice. This article synthesizes the issues that the CAPTs have faced, the solutions they have developed, and conclusions concerning the work that still needs to be done to increase the application of science-based approaches to prevention. These discussions highlight the particular importance of addressing issues related to the larger systems in which prevention programs and strategies operate. JF - Journal of drug education AU - Hogan, Julie A AU - Baca, Ileana AU - Daley, Charlotte AU - Garcia, Tania AU - Jaker, Jerry AU - Lowther, Mike AU - Klitzner, Michael AD - Center for Substance Abuse Prevention's, Western Regional Center for the Application of Prevention Technologies, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0202, USA. jhogan@unr.edu Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 233 EP - 243 VL - 33 IS - 3 SN - 0047-2379, 0047-2379 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Diffusion of Innovation KW - Health Policy KW - United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration KW - Health Promotion KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71549003?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+drug+education&rft.atitle=Disseminating+science-based+prevention%3A+lessons+learned+from+CSAP%27s+CAPTs.&rft.au=Hogan%2C+Julie+A%3BBaca%2C+Ileana%3BDaley%2C+Charlotte%3BGarcia%2C+Tania%3BJaker%2C+Jerry%3BLowther%2C+Mike%3BKlitzner%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Hogan&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+drug+education&rft.issn=00472379&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medication use in children and adolescents treated in the community for bipolar disorder. AN - 71542740; 14977464 AB - We assessed the use of mood stabilizers, stimulants, antipsychotic medication, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in children being treated in the community for bipolar disorder (BPD). One hundred eleven patients were screened via parent phone interview for possible inclusion in a phenomenological study of BPD. Data were obtained on the patients' medication trials and side effects. The results of the study indicated that children and adolescents who carry a diagnosis of BPD are treated with a mean of 3.40 +/- 1.48 medications and have had a mean of 6.32 +/- 3.67 trials of psychotropic medication in the past. Ninety-eight percent have had a trial of a mood stabilizer or anticonvulsant, with the most common being valproate (79%), lithium (51%), and gabapentin (29%). JF - Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology AU - Bhangoo, Robinder K AU - Lowe, Catherine H AU - Myers, Frances S AU - Treland, Julia AU - Curran, Justin AU - Towbin, Kenneth E AU - Leibenluft, Ellen AD - The Mood and Anxiety Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 515 EP - 522 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1044-5463, 1044-5463 KW - Anticonvulsants KW - 0 KW - Antimanic Agents KW - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - Child KW - Anticonvulsants -- therapeutic use KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Bipolar Disorder -- epidemiology KW - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - Bipolar Disorder -- drug therapy KW - Antimanic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Bipolar Disorder -- psychology KW - Antimanic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71542740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+child+and+adolescent+psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Medication+use+in+children+and+adolescents+treated+in+the+community+for+bipolar+disorder.&rft.au=Bhangoo%2C+Robinder+K%3BLowe%2C+Catherine+H%3BMyers%2C+Frances+S%3BTreland%2C+Julia%3BCurran%2C+Justin%3BTowbin%2C+Kenneth+E%3BLeibenluft%2C+Ellen&rft.aulast=Bhangoo&rft.aufirst=Robinder&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+child+and+adolescent+psychopharmacology&rft.issn=10445463&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - New developments in public health case law. AN - 71532240; 14968638 JF - The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics AU - Thiel, Karen Smith Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 86 EP - 87 VL - 31 IS - 4 Suppl KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Obesity KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Tuberculosis -- therapy KW - Product Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Patient Compliance KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Restaurants -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Female KW - Public Health -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71532240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+law%2C+medicine+%26+ethics+%3A+a+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Law%2C+Medicine+%26+Ethics&rft.atitle=New+developments+in+public+health+case+law.&rft.au=Thiel%2C+Karen+Smith&rft.aulast=Thiel&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4+Suppl&rft.spage=86&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+law%2C+medicine+%26+ethics+%3A+a+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Law%2C+Medicine+%26+Ethics&rft.issn=10731105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monitoring the changing organization of work: international practices and new developments in the United States. AN - 71525052; 14758746 AB - Recent trends in the organization of work have raised concerns about their implications for safety and health in the workplace. Capacity for monitoring of these trends from an occupational safety and health perspective (also known as hazard surveillance) varies considerably across countries and regions. This forum article discusses current practices for monitoring the organization of work, noting strengths, limitations, and needs for improvement. Particular attention is given to the status of monitoring practices in the U.S., and new initiatives by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to improve upon these practices. JF - Sozial- und Praventivmedizin AU - Sauter, Steven L AU - Murphy, Lawrence R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Organizational Science and Human Factors Branch, Cincinnati, USA. ssauter@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 341 EP - 8; discussion 349-60 VL - 48 IS - 6 SN - 0303-8408, 0303-8408 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Europe KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Safety Management -- organization & administration KW - Risk Assessment KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Industry -- organization & administration KW - Workplace -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71525052?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sozial-+und+Praventivmedizin&rft.atitle=Monitoring+the+changing+organization+of+work%3A+international+practices+and+new+developments+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Sauter%2C+Steven+L%3BMurphy%2C+Lawrence+R&rft.aulast=Sauter&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=341&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sozial-+und+Praventivmedizin&rft.issn=03038408&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a safety training program in three food service companies. AN - 71520009; 14733989 AB - Outcome measures for safety training effectiveness research often do not include measures such as occupational injury experience. Effectiveness mediators also receive sparse attention. A new safety training curriculum was delivered to workers in a stratified random sample of food service facilities across three companies. A similar group of facilities received usual training. We collected post-test measures of demographic variables, safety knowledge, perceptions of transfer of training climate, and workers' compensation claim data for one year after the initial training activities. Knowledge test scores were apparently higher in the new-training units than in the usual-training units. Some demographic variables were inconsistently associated with these differences. Evidence for reduction of the injury rate associated with the new training was observed from two companies but only approached significance for one company. A second company revealed a similar but non-significant trend. Knowledge scores were not significantly associated with lower injury rates. We found evidence that safety training increases knowledge and reduces injuries. We found almost no evidence of effects of training effectiveness mediators, including no relationship between safety knowledge and injury experience. Methodological issues related to conducting a large study may have influenced these results. Although safety training leads to greater knowledge and, in some cases, reduced occupational injuries, the influence of mediating variables remains to be fully explained. JF - Journal of safety research AU - Sinclair, Raymond C AU - Smith, Randall AU - Colligan, Michael AU - Prince, Mary AU - Nguyen, Trang AU - Stayner, Leslie AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Rsinclair@csdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 547 EP - 558 VL - 34 IS - 5 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Occupational Health KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Random Allocation KW - Humans KW - Curriculum KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Knowledge KW - Food Industry -- education KW - Education KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Food Services -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71520009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+safety+training+program+in+three+food+service+companies.&rft.au=Sinclair%2C+Raymond+C%3BSmith%2C+Randall%3BColligan%2C+Michael%3BPrince%2C+Mary%3BNguyen%2C+Trang%3BStayner%2C+Leslie&rft.aulast=Sinclair&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Automated indexing of the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB). AN - 71506852; 14728459 AB - The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), produced and maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NLM), contains over 4600 records on potentially hazardous chemicals. To enhance information retrieval from HSDB, NLM has undertaken the development of an automated HSDB indexing protocol as part of its Indexing Initiative. The NLM Indexing Initiative investigates methods whereby automated indexing may partially or completely substitute for human indexing. The poster's purpose is to describe the HSDB Automated Indexing Project. JF - AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium AU - Nuss, Carlo AU - Chang, Hua Florence AU - Moore, Dorothy AU - Fonger, George C AD - National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 954 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - National Library of Medicine (U.S.) KW - Medical Subject Headings KW - Abstracting and Indexing as Topic -- methods KW - Databases, Factual KW - Automatic Data Processing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71506852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AMIA+...+Annual+Symposium+proceedings.+AMIA+Symposium&rft.atitle=Automated+indexing+of+the+Hazardous+Substances+Data+Bank+%28HSDB%29.&rft.au=Nuss%2C+Carlo%3BChang%2C+Hua+Florence%3BMoore%2C+Dorothy%3BFonger%2C+George+C&rft.aulast=Nuss&rft.aufirst=Carlo&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=954&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AMIA+...+Annual+Symposium+proceedings.+AMIA+Symposium&rft.issn=1942-597X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Guideline development for office-based pharmacotherapies for opioid dependence. AN - 71501822; 14723481 AB - The success of opioid agonist maintenance has stimulated efforts to make this form of treatment more available. Methadone medical maintenance, coordination of methadone services from a physician's office, has been offered as an alternative to narcotic treatment programs for stable, recovered and socially rehabilitated opioid dependent patients. Despite the successful implementation of methadone medical maintenance programs, a number of important questions regarding the appropriate guidelines for the use of this model of care remain. The current paper reviews the process and outcome of the Medical Maintenance Consensus Panel, which was convened for the federal Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. We outline the process and describe the two guidelines that were produced by this process that are targeted at physicians, narcotic treatment programs, and policy makers. JF - Journal of addictive diseases AU - Fiellin, David A AU - Barthwell, Andrea G AU - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment AD - Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8025, USA. david.fiellin@yale.edu ; Center for Substance Abuse Treatment Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 109 EP - 120 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 1055-0887, 1055-0887 KW - Narcotics KW - 0 KW - Methadone KW - UC6VBE7V1Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Methadone -- therapeutic use KW - Humans KW - Narcotics -- therapeutic use KW - Family Practice -- education KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Consensus Development Conferences as Topic KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71501822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+addictive+diseases&rft.atitle=Guideline+development+for+office-based+pharmacotherapies+for+opioid+dependence.&rft.au=Fiellin%2C+David+A%3BBarthwell%2C+Andrea+G%3BCenter+for+Substance+Abuse+Treatment&rft.aulast=Fiellin&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+addictive+diseases&rft.issn=10550887&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demographic effects on the Trail Making Test in a drug abuse treatment sample. AN - 71333601; 14591477 AB - Appreciation of the importance of screening for cognitive impairment among substance abusing populations has increased in recent years. In this article, demographic effects on the Trail Making Test (TMT), a test often used for screening for cognitive impairment, are examined in a sample of patients in drug abuse treatment programs. A sample of 5,619 males and 2,902 females was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). The DATOS was a naturalistic cohort study that collected data from 1991 to 1993 in 96 programs in 11 cities in the US. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of demographic variables on the two parts of the TMT in this large sample of patients. Consistent with previous research, demographic variables such as age, gender, education level, and ethnicity were statistically significantly related to both TMT Parts A and B. More importantly, however, the percentage of variance accounted for was quite small. These results suggest that, while clearly present, demographic effects on the TMT are weak. JF - Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists AU - Horton, Arthur MacNeill AU - Roberts, Charles AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Suite 840, Rockwall II Building, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. ahorton@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 49 EP - 56 VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0887-6177, 0887-6177 KW - Index Medicus KW - Demography KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Sampling Studies KW - Task Performance and Analysis KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Trail Making Test KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Cognition Disorders -- etiology KW - Cognition Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71333601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+clinical+neuropsychology+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+National+Academy+of+Neuropsychologists&rft.atitle=Demographic+effects+on+the+Trail+Making+Test+in+a+drug+abuse+treatment+sample.&rft.au=Horton%2C+Arthur+MacNeill%3BRoberts%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+clinical+neuropsychology+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+National+Academy+of+Neuropsychologists&rft.issn=08876177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Helping Yourself Heal: A Recovering Woman's Guide to Coping with Childhood Abuse Issues. AN - 62229134; ED475887 AB - This eight-page brochure identifies the many different feelings that recovering women have during substance abuse treatment. In addition, it identifies experiences generally considered as abuse, and common symptoms of adults who were abused as children. It also provides guidance on how to address childhood abuse issues while in treatment, as well as insights into how substance abuse counselors can help. A list of Federal and other selected resources is included. (GCP) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 10 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD) (Toll Free); Web site: www.csat.samhsa.gov. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Counselor Role KW - Rehabilitation Counseling KW - Substance Abuse KW - Females KW - Child Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62229134?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Impact of September 11, 2001 Events on Substance Use and Mental Health in the New York Area. AN - 62227609; ED473995 AB - Most studies dealing with the impact of September 11, 2001 events are limited by reliance on recall of individuals about their behaviors before and after the events. To understand the consequences of significant, unexpected events, it is useful to have baseline information for the purpose of comparison. This report examines the potential effects of the September 11 events on substance use and substance abuse treatment, mental health problems and treatment, and religiosity in the New York area using data from the 2000 and 2001 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). Of interest is whether the events of September 11 were associated with changes in the prevalence of substance use or mental health problems in these areas. Because the terrorist acts occurred just prior to the beginning of the fourth quarter of 2001, data collected in the first three quarters of 2001 can be combined and compared with data collected in the fourth quarter. To account for any seasonal effects on these within-year comparisons, the 2000 NHSDA is also used for comparison since the survey in 2000 was almost identical to the one fielded in 2001. Analyses were done by age and gender. In general, relatively few significant changes were observed in problematic behavior following September 11. It is important to note, however, that the post-September 11 data were collected from October through December 2001. It is possible that there may be a lag effect in which behavioral influences are not apparent until a greater amount of time has passed. (Contains 25 references and 59 tables.) (GCP) Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - January 2003 SP - 130 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD). For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/Sept11/toc.htm. KW - National Household Survey on Drug Abuse KW - September 11 Terrorist Attacks 2001 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Terrorism KW - Substance Abuse KW - Behavior Patterns KW - Mental Health KW - Data Analysis KW - Coping KW - Tables (Data) KW - Predictor Variables UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62227609?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Strategies for Developing Treatment Programs for People with Co-Occurring Substance Abuse and Mental Disorders. AN - 62226993; ED473993 AB - Increasingly, people receiving public-supported health care are seeking help for and/or presenting with both substance abuse and mental disorders. People with these co-occurring disorders often require help from many different care systems. Consequently, no single system of care is adequately prepared to help people with both mental and substance abuse disorders on its own, and many people with co-occurring disorders do not receive the continuum of specialized services they need. This project seeks to identify strategies of developing effective treatment programs for people with co-occurring disorders. A national screening of the mental health and substance abuse fields identified programs in diverse settings that deliver effective treatment for different types of people with co-occurring disorders. Project participants discussed community-based programs and evaluated systemic support at the State, county, and regional levels. Systems-level participants described their strategies to build more comprehensive services. Throughout the process, participants described a wide range of clinical, financial, programmatic, and training barriers to delivering treatment and building systems of care. However, none of these obstacles are insurmountable; indeed, with consistency and clarity, participants described how they overcame each one. Their approaches included: using replicable strategies and tools; employing strong leadership at both the provider and systems levels; and involving important stakeholders. Finally, this report outlines a series of recommendations and"next steps." Seven appendixes include a Co-Occurring Disorders by Severity Matrix, findings from expert panels, and training curricula. (GCP) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 60 PB - SAMHSA, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 29857. Tel: 800-789-2647 (Toll Free). For full text: http://www.nccbh.org/cooccurringreport.pdf. KW - Dual Diagnosis KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Counselors KW - Practitioners KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Substance Abuse KW - Mental Disorders KW - Program Development KW - Delivery Systems KW - Counseling KW - Outcomes of Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62226993?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - U.S. Teens in Our World: Understanding the Health of U.S. Youth in Comparison to Youth in Other Countries. AN - 62169924; ED482836 AB - This chartbook investigates areas where U.S. adolescents' health or health-related behaviors emerged as significantly different from those of adolescents in other counties in positive, negative, or suggestive directions. Data come from the international Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study, which has coordinated comparable, nationally representative school-based surveys of teens every 4 years since 1985-86. The HBSC study examines adolescent health and health-related behavior in the context of family, school, and peers, using international comparisons to demonstrate common factors and highlight differences associated with cultural influences. This report provides data on teens age 15 years old, although the study addresses teens age 11, 13, and 15 years. Results are presented on: (1) "Health and Well-Being"; (2) "Fitness"; (3) "Family and Peer Relationships"; (4) "School Environment"; (5) "Smoking and Alcohol Use"; and (6) "Violence." Overall, U.S. youth are more likely to have stomachaches, headaches, backaches, and difficulty sleeping than students in most other countries, possibly related to fitness levels. U.S. students find it easy to make new friends but are among the least likely to consider students in their classrooms kind and helpful. U.S. youth are less likely to smoke than students in most countries. They rank relatively high for never or rarely feeling safe at school. (Chapters contain references.) (SM) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 104 PB - HRSA Information Center, 2070 Chain Bridge Road, Suite 450, Vienna, VA 22182-2536. Tel: 703-442-9051; Tel: 888-ASK-HRSA (Toll Free); Web site: http://www.hrsa.gov. For full text: http://www.mchirc.net/HTML/us_teens/main_pages/toc.htm. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Drinking KW - Well Being KW - Student Characteristics KW - Physical Fitness KW - Violence KW - Secondary Education KW - Peer Relationship KW - Smoking KW - Foreign Countries KW - Educational Environment KW - Cultural Influences KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Health Behavior KW - Cultural Differences KW - Physical Health KW - Adolescents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62169924?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Indicators of Welfare Dependence: Annual Report to Congress, 2003. AN - 62168679; ED480454 AB - This sixth annual report provides welfare dependence indicators through 2000, reflecting changes since enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act in 1996 and highlighting benefits under Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), now Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF); the Food Stamp program; and Supplement Security Income (SSI). Data from the Current Population Survey and administrative data provide updated measures through 2000 for several dependence indicators. In 2003, 3.0 percent of the total population was dependent (receiving more than half of total family income from TANF, food stamps, and/or SSI). This rate fell considerably from 5.2 percent in 1996. Preliminary data suggest that 2001 dependency rates will remain approximately 3.0 percent. The drop in dependence parallels the drop in AFDC/TANF and food stamp caseloads. In an average month in 2000, 59 percent of TANF recipients lived in families with at least one family member in the labor force. Comparable figures for food stamp and SSI recipients were 56 and 37 percent, respectively. Spells of AFDC/TANF receipt in the second half of the 1990s were shorter than spells of AFDC receipt in the early 1990s. As the dependency rate fell between 1996-2000, the poverty rate for all individuals fell from 13.7 to 11.3 percent. Three appendices present program data, alternative definition of dependence based on income from TANF and food stamps, and additional non-marital birth data. (SM) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 162 PB - Office of Human Services Policy, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Hubert H. Humphrey Building, Room 404E, 200 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20201. Fax: 202-690-6562; Web site: http:/www.aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/index.htm. KW - Dependency (Economics) KW - Food Stamp Program KW - Personal Responsibility and Work Opp Recon Act KW - Supplemental Security Income Program KW - Temporary Assistance for Needy Families KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Early Parenthood KW - Substance Abuse KW - Employment Level KW - Welfare Reform KW - Dropout Rate KW - Welfare Services KW - Educational Attainment KW - Children KW - Job Skills KW - Child Support KW - Health Insurance KW - Poverty KW - Disabilities KW - Welfare Recipients KW - Wages KW - Unwed Mothers KW - Family Income KW - Tables (Data) KW - Adolescents KW - Predictor Variables UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62168679?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For the 2001 report, see ED 457 288. Contributors N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Results from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings. AN - 62167119; ED479833 AB - This report presents the first information from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an annual survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States aged 12 years old or older. Prior to 2002, the survey was called the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). This initial report on the 2002 data presents national estimates of rates of use, numbers of users, and other measures related to illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco products. Measures related to mental health problems also are included. The results from the 2002 NSDUH are given in this report, which has separate chapters that discuss the national findings on eight topics: use of illicit drugs; use of alcohol; use of tobacco products; trends in lifetime use of substances; trends in initiation of substance use; prevention-related issues; substance dependence, abuse, and treatment; and mental health. A final chapter summarizes the results and discusses key findings in relation to other research and survey results. Technical appendices describe the survey, provide technical details on the survey methodology, discuss the effects of survey protocol changes on trend measurement, offer key NSDUH definitions, discuss other sources of data, list the references cited in the report (as well as other relevant references), and present selected tabulations of estimates. (Contains 132 references, 90 tables, and 51 figures.) (GCP) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 273 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD) (Toll Free). For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov. For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/nhsda/2k2nsduh/Results/2k2Results.htm#toc. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Smoking KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Substance Abuse KW - Incidence KW - Mental Health KW - National Surveys KW - Tables (Data) KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Trend Analysis KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62167119?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For report overview, see CG 032 5401. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Children's Program Kit: Supportive Education for Children of Addicted Parents. AN - 62165608; ED478694 AB - Approximately one in four children in the United States is exposed to alcohol abuse or alcohol dependence in the family. Countless other children are living in families in which there is illicit drug abuse. Growing evidence suggests that genetics and environmental factors can predispose children of substance abusing parents to behavioral problems or to abuse alcohol or illegal drugs themselves. These children are also at a higher-than-average risk for problems in school and in social relationships. Treatment providers report that, while they recognize that the children of their clients also have needs, they often do not have the tools and resources to respond. This compendium of materials provides treating professionals and programs with just those tools and resources. The"Children's Program Kit" is a valuable resource for treatment providers and prevention centers that aim to help children make sense of what they've been experiencing, cope with the stresses of their families' problems, and strengthen their potential for resilience. The kit contains complete inservice training on this issue for substance abuse treatment and counseling staff, as well as school personnel and community leaders. There are strategies and tools for therapists to use with their clients who may be both parents and children. There is a detailed curriculum with five separate activities for elementary, middle school, and high school youth, or 15 activities in all. Sample letters to addicted parents appealing to them to support their children's participation in the program are provided. The Kit also contains videos, posters, fliers, and evaluation forms. (GCP) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 242 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD) (Toll Free). For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Counselors KW - Support Staff KW - Family Environment KW - Drug Addiction KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Resilience (Personality) KW - Children KW - Behavior Problems KW - Prevention KW - Counselor Training KW - Counseling Techniques KW - Parent Child Relationship KW - Family Problems KW - Alcoholism KW - Coping UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62165608?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - In addition to guidebook, kit contains three video N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Overview of Findings from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. AN - 62163849; ED479834 AB - This report presents the first information from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an annual survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States aged 12 years old or older. Prior to 2002, the survey was called the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). This brief Overview report provides a concise summary of the main results from the 2002 NSDUH. A more complete presentation of the initial results of the survey is given in the full report, "Results from the 2002 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings." Both reports present the results in separate chapters that discuss the national findings on eight topics: use of illicit drugs; use of alcohol; use of tobacco products; trends in lifetime use of substances; trends in initiation of substance use; prevention-related issues; substance dependence, abuse, and treatment; and mental health. A final chapter summarizes the results and discusses key findings in relation to other research and survey results. Measures related to mental health problems also are included. A discussion of the changes in survey methodology, some of the reasons for these changes, and their impact on survey estimates is also outlined. This Overview report includes two tables showing the prevalence of substance use by age in an appendix. (GCP) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 51 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345; Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD) (Toll Free). For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov. For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/nhsda/2k2nsduh/Overview/2k2Overview.htm#toc. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Smoking KW - Prevention KW - Alcohol Abuse KW - Substance Abuse KW - Incidence KW - Mental Health KW - National Surveys KW - Tables (Data) KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Trend Analysis KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62163849?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For full report, see CG 032 541. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Women's Health USA, 2003. AN - 62163522; ED479908 AB - This book provides a collection of current and historical data on some of the most pressing health challenges facing women, their families, and their communities. It is intended to be a concise reference for policymakers and program managers at the federal, state, and local levels. The book brings together the latest available data from various agencies within the federal government. Three chapters focus on: (1) "Population Characteristics" (U.S. population, U.S. female population by race, women and education, women in health professions schools, women in the labor force, women and federal programs, participation, and women and poverty); (2) "Health Status" (health behaviors, health indicators, maternal health, and special populations); and (3) "Health Services Utilization" (usual source of care, health insurance, Medicare and Medicaid, preventive care, Title X family planning services, Title V abstinence education, programs, HIV testing, medication use, dental care, hospitalizations, mental health care utilization, home health and hospice care, and health care expenditures). (SM) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 83 PB - HRSA Information Center, Circle Solutions, Inc., 2710 Prosperity Avenue, Suite 200, Fairfax, VA 22031 Tel: 703-902-1243; Tel: 888-ASK-HRSA (Toll Free); Web site: http://www.hrsa.gov/womenshealth. For full text: http://www.hsrnet.com/pubs/whusa03/WHUSA03-color.pdf. KW - Maternal Health KW - Medicaid KW - Medicare KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Administrators KW - Policymakers KW - Communicable Diseases KW - Death KW - Substance Abuse KW - Chronic Illness KW - Immigrants KW - Prenatal Care KW - Racial Differences KW - Rural Areas KW - Pregnancy KW - Older Adults KW - Health Services KW - Public Health KW - Urban Areas KW - Poverty KW - Health Behavior KW - Employed Women KW - Access to Health Care KW - Females KW - Population Trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62163522?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Medication Assisted Treatment for the 21st Century: Community Education Kit. AN - 62156480; ED478679 AB - The need to support the success of individuals in methadone-assisted recovery, and the recent availability of new pharmacologic treatment options for opioid dependence, calls for an information tool that underscores the evidence-based benefits of medication assisted treatment for opioid dependence. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), produced this education kit in collaboration with a host of opioid dependence treatment professional, service providers, and individuals in recovery from opioid dependence. This tool addresses key questions related to new and existing opioid dependency medications and the new roles for opioid dependence service delivery systems. The materials included here can be used by local alcohol and drug treatment providers to broaden the knowledge base about methadone and other medication-related options for the treatment of opioid dependence. This education kit also includes information on how to best approach and sustain an ongoing dialogue with key community stakeholders about the establishment, expansion, or sustainability of community-based treatment programs that use medication-supported treatment options. Most importantly, this kit contains key suggestions as to how to develop a coordinated community education effort aimed at reducing the stigma associated with opioid dependence and its service delivery systems. (Author) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 32 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD). For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov. KW - Methadone KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Substance Abuse KW - Drug Addiction KW - Counseling Techniques KW - Pharmacology KW - Program Development KW - Delivery Systems KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Outcomes of Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62156480?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF): Report to Congress for FY2002 and FY2003 AN - 61934986; ED499399 AB - This report describes and analyzes current information about the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) from a variety of sources, including State plans, expenditure reports, administrative data reports, and research. The report also includes information about training and technical assistance that is provided to States, Territories, and Tribes. This report consists of eight parts. Part I provides background on the CCDF program including funding, eligibility requirements, a description of how funds may be used, information about program administration, and key child care and CCDF terms. Part II provides information from aggregate and case-level data reported by States for FY 2002 and FY 2003 (October 1 through September 30), including information about children receiving subsidized care and the providers who cared for them. Part III summarizes expenditure data obtained from State quarterly financial reports on expenditures in FY 2002 and FY 2003. Part IV summarizes information reported by States in their CCDF plans for FY 2002 and FY 2003. States are required to submit plans every 2 years that describe how they will implement CCDF policies and services. Part V describes child care services provided by Indian Tribes that receive CCDF funding. Part VI describes ongoing research efforts, highlighting projects funded by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and summarizing some of the latest research findings about child care. Part VII describes training and technical assistance provided by CCB to assist States, Territories, and Tribes in administering CCDF, including the Bureau's efforts with the President's Good Start, Grow Smart initiative. Part VIII, the Appendix, provides detailed information about services provided as reported in the FY 2002 and FY 2003 State aggregate and case-level reports, State policies and practices from Biennial State Plans for FY 2002 and FY 2003, and CCB-funded research initiatives. (Contains 15 tables and 6 figures.) Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 149 PB - Child Care Bureau. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Office of Family Assistance, 370 L'Enfant Promenade SW, 5th Floor East, Washington, DC 20447. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Financial Support KW - Program Descriptions KW - Research Reports KW - Program Administration KW - Content Analysis KW - Training Objectives KW - Child Care KW - Annual Reports KW - Expenditures KW - Endowment Funds KW - Tribes KW - Human Services KW - Statewide Planning KW - Technical Assistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61934986?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Childlessness on Nursing Home and Home Health Care Use AN - 61553757; 200400502 AB - This study examines the likelihood of nursing home & home health care use for childless older Americans. Four research questions are addressed: (1) Are the childless elderly at a greater risk of nursing home & home health care use? (2) Is it childlessness per se or not having children with particular characteristics that affects the likelihood of using these formal long-term care services? (3) Does having additional children beyond the first one have a significant effect on the use of these services? (4) Are the effects of childlessness different on the likelihood of nursing home & home health care use? Longitudinal data from the first (1993) & second (1995) waves of the Asset & Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old Survey & multinomial logistic regression models are used for the analyses, with separate models developed for women & men, each controlling for a variety of demographic, socioeconomic, & health-related characteristics. Findings indicate childlessness as an important risk factor, especially for older women's use of nursing home services. Implications for planning for long-term care needs of the baby boom generation are discussed. 3 Tables, 52 References. Adapted from the source document. COPIES ARE AVAILABLE FROM: HAWORTH DOCUMENT DELIVERY CENTER, The Haworth Press, Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580 JF - Journal of Aging & Social Policy AU - Aykan, Hakan AD - Division Disability/Aging/Long-Term Care Policy, US Dept Health & Human Services, Washington, DC hakan.aykan@hhs.gov Y1 - 2003///0, PY - 2003 DA - 0, 2003 SP - 33 EP - 53 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0895-9420, 0895-9420 KW - Caregivers KW - Childlessness KW - Risk Factors KW - Elderly KW - Home Health Care KW - Parent Child Relations KW - Nursing Homes KW - Health Care Utilization KW - article KW - 6127: social gerontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61553757?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Aging+%26+Social+Policy&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Childlessness+on+Nursing+Home+and+Home+Health+Care+Use&rft.au=Aykan%2C+Hakan&rft.aulast=Aykan&rft.aufirst=Hakan&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=33&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Aging+%26+Social+Policy&rft.issn=08959420&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 52 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - JSPOE8 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Elderly; Childlessness; Caregivers; Risk Factors; Parent Child Relations; Health Care Utilization; Nursing Homes; Home Health Care ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): fifth annual report to Congress AN - 59948590; 2003-1204180 AB - Data about welfare caseloads, family employment and earnings, marriage and two-parent families, out-of-wedlock births, and state policy choices; since 1996, chiefly; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2003. Y1 - 2003///0, PY - 2003 DA - 0, 2003 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - Wages and salaries -- United States -- Statistics KW - Public welfare -- United States -- Statistics KW - Family allowances -- United States -- Statistics KW - Unmarried couples -- United States -- Statistics KW - Births -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Social policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59948590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Temporary+Assistance+for+Needy+Families+%28TANF%29%3A+fifth+annual+report+to+Congress&rft.title=Temporary+Assistance+for+Needy+Families+%28TANF%29%3A+fifth+annual+report+to+Congress&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/ofa/annualreport5 LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - chart(s), link(s), map(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geologic hazards and roof stability in coal mines AN - 51879311; 2004-021562 AB - The U.S. underground coal miner faces a continuing hazard from the fall of roof. At the root of many injuries and fatalities are weak or defective roof strata. Throughout mining history, millions of miles of entry have provided exposure of every conceivable geologic roof hazard. This report describes the geologic origin, association, and potential danger from the most common hazards. Discussions of weak rock include drawrock, rider coals, head coal, stackrock, and stream valley effects. Discontinuities, or roof defects, are described including, clay veins, slickensides, joints, and paleochannels. A number of examples from U.S. coalfields are used to document geologic structure and associated hazards. Roof fall analysis is a methodology used by NIOSH for hazard recognition and prevention; its application and benefit to the industry are discussed. JF - Information Circular - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health AU - Molinda, Gregory M Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 33 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA KW - United States KW - lineation KW - mines KW - Illinois KW - geologic hazards KW - roof control KW - stress KW - coal mines KW - weak rocks KW - stability KW - joints KW - rock mechanics KW - case studies KW - fractures KW - safety KW - style KW - mining geology KW - slickensides KW - Pennsylvania KW - faults KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51879311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Molinda%2C+Gregory+M&rft.aulast=Molinda&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Geologic+hazards+and+roof+stability+in+coal+mines&rft.title=Geologic+hazards+and+roof+stability+in+coal+mines&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 49 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. block diags., sects., sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendix N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #04567 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - case studies; coal mines; faults; fractures; geologic hazards; Illinois; joints; lineation; mines; mining geology; Pennsylvania; rock mechanics; roof control; safety; slickensides; stability; stress; style; United States; weak rocks ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Method to determine the effects of rotary drilling parameters and overburden rock on silica-dust generation AN - 51827845; 2004-052191 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is conducting research to reduce the silica-dust exposure of workers at surface coal mines. One goal of this research is to evaluate the relationship between drilling parameters, rock strata and silica-dust generation. This study involved measuring blast-hole emission dust from a rotary drill rig. The drill rig, which produces high concentrations of dust (>400 mg/m (super 3) ) in high-velocity air streams, was being sampled for respirable silica dust. To measure dust initially, traditional sampling methods using personal sampling instruments were attempted in and around the shroud area of the drill with no success. Variations in the dust cloud concentrations under the shroud, the condition of the shroud and its orientation over the hole and ambient air conditions prevented consistent and accurate dust measurements from being obtained. A more consistent dust cloud is necessary for accurate measurements. An area of the drill's dust-collector system that consistently draws the emitted airborne dust from the hole is the collector tube. This tube connects the drill collector's vacuum and dust-filtration system to the shroud area. Assuming the collector system is working as designed, sampling from the collector tube would enable more consistent and accurate samples to be taken. However, current personal samplers are unable to sample in the concentrations and velocities experienced in the collector tube, so another method had to be devised. To achieve the desired results, an in-stack cascade cyclone was used. Preliminary field testing has shown positive results. JF - Transactions of Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration AU - Listak, J M Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 102 EP - 106 PB - Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Littleton, CO VL - 314 SN - 1075-8623, 1075-8623 KW - respiration KW - mines KW - experimental studies KW - clastic sediments KW - silica dust KW - preventive measures KW - human ecology KW - environmental management KW - laboratory studies KW - safety KW - silicosis KW - dust KW - sediments KW - drilling KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51827845?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+Society+for+Mining%2C+Metallurgy%2C+and+Exploration&rft.atitle=Method+to+determine+the+effects+of+rotary+drilling+parameters+and+overburden+rock+on+silica-dust+generation&rft.au=Listak%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Listak&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=314&rft.issue=&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transactions+of+Society+for+Mining%2C+Metallurgy%2C+and+Exploration&rft.issn=10758623&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 12 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clastic sediments; drilling; dust; environmental management; experimental studies; human ecology; laboratory studies; mines; preventive measures; respiration; safety; sediments; silica dust; silicosis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Finite Element Analysis of Hepatic Radiofrequency Ablation Probes using Temperature-Dependent Electrical Conductivity AN - 21235351; 7683086 AB - Background Few finite element models (FEM) have been developed to describe the electric field, specific absorption rate (SAR), and the temperature distribution surrounding hepatic radiofrequency ablation probes. To date, a coupled finite element model that accounts for the temperature-dependent electrical conductivity changes has not been developed for ablation type devices. While it is widely acknowledged that accounting for temperature dependent phenomena may affect the outcome of these models, the effect has not been assessed. Methods The results of four finite element models are compared: constant electrical conductivity without tissue perfusion, temperature-dependent conductivity without tissue perfusion, constant electrical conductivity with tissue perfusion, and temperature-dependent conductivity with tissue perfusion. Results The data demonstrate that significant errors are generated when constant electrical conductivity is assumed in coupled electrical-heat transfer problems that operate at high temperatures. These errors appear to be closely related to the temperature at which the ablation device operates and not to the amount of power applied by the device or the state of tissue perfusion. Conclusion Accounting for temperature-dependent phenomena may be critically important in the safe operation of radiofrequency ablation device that operate near 100 degree C. JF - BioMedical Engineering OnLine AU - Chang, Isaac AD - 1 Office of Science and Technology, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville MD USA, iac@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 12 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House VL - 2 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Data processing KW - Mathematical models KW - Perfusion KW - Electrical conductivity KW - Electric fields KW - Liver KW - Probes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21235351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioMedical+Engineering+OnLine&rft.atitle=Finite+Element+Analysis+of+Hepatic+Radiofrequency+Ablation+Probes+using+Temperature-Dependent+Electrical+Conductivity&rft.au=Chang%2C+Isaac&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=12&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioMedical+Engineering+OnLine&rft.issn=1475-925X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1475-925X-2-12 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Perfusion; Electrical conductivity; Temperature effects; Mathematical models; Probes; Liver; Data processing; Electric fields DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-2-12 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous Non-inferiority Test of Sensitivity and Specificity for Two Diagnostic Procedures in the Presence of a Gold Standard AN - 21139244; 11157479 AB - Sensitivity and specificity have traditionally been used to assess the performance of a diagnostic procedure. Diagnostic procedures with both high sensitivity and high specificity are desirable, but these procedures are frequently too expensive, hazardous, and/or difficult to operate. A less sophisticated procedure may be preferred, if the loss of the sensitivity or specificity is determined to be clinically acceptable. This paper addresses the problem of simultaneous testing of sensitivity and specificity for an alternative test procedure with a reference test procedure when a gold standard is present. The hypothesis is formulated as a compound hypothesis of two non-inferiority (one-sided equivalence) tests. We present an asymptotic test statistic based on the restricted maximum likelihood estimate in the framework of comparing two correlated proportions under the prospective and retrospective sampling designs. The sample size and power of an asymptotic test statistic are derived. The actual type I error and power are calculated by enumerating the exact probabilities in the rejection region. For applications that require high sensitivity as well as high specificity, a large number of positive subjects and a large number of negative subjects are needed. We also propose a weighted sum statistic as an alternative test by comparing a combined measure of sensitivity and specificity of the two procedures. The sample size determination is independent of the sampling plan for the two tests. JF - Biometrical Journal AU - Chen, James J AU - Hsueh, Huey-miin AU - Liu, Jen-pei AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, jchen@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 47 EP - 60 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0323-3847, 0323-3847 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Biometrics KW - Sampling KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21139244?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biometrical+Journal&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+Non-inferiority+Test+of+Sensitivity+and+Specificity+for+Two+Diagnostic+Procedures+in+the+Presence+of+a+Gold+Standard&rft.au=Chen%2C+James+J%3BHsueh%2C+Huey-miin%3BLiu%2C+Jen-pei&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biometrical+Journal&rft.issn=03233847&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbimj.200290015 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sampling; Biometrics; Statistics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200290015 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Detection and Determination of the Aerodynamic Size Range of Airborne Mycobacteria Associated with Whirlpools AN - 19933846; 6095588 AB - Novel environmental air and water mycobacteria sampling and analytical methods are needed to circumvent difficulties associated with the use of culture-based methodologies. To implement this objective, a commercial, clinical, genus DNA amplification method utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was interfaced with novel air sampling strategies in the laboratory. Two types of air samplers, a three-piece plastic, disposable filter cassette and an eight-stage micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI), were used in these studies. In both samplers, 37-mm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters were used. Use of the MOUDI sampler permitted the capture of airborne mycobacteria in discrete size ranges, an important parameter for relating the airborne mycobacteria cells to potential respirable particles (aerodynamic diameter -10 mu m) capable of causing health effects. Analysis of the samples was rapid, requiring only 1-1.5 days, as no microbial culturing or DNA purification was required.Original Abstract: This approach was then used to detect suspected mycobacteria contamination associated with pools at a large public facility. PCR was also used to analyze various water samples from these pools. Again, no culturing or sample purification was required. Water samples taken from all ultraviolet light/hydrogen peroxide-treated whirlpools tested positive for the presence of mycobacteria. No mycobacteria were detected in the chlorine-treated pools and the water main supply facility. All air samples collected in the proximity of the indoor whirlpools and the associated changing rooms were strongly positive for airborne mycobacteria. The airborne mycobacteria particles were predominantly collected on MOUDI stages 1-6 representing an aerodynamic size range of 0.5 to 9.9 [mu]m. In conclusion, using this approach permits the rapid detection of mycobacteria contamination as well as the routine monitoring of suspected pools. The approach circumvents problems associated with culture-based methods such as fungal overgrowth on agar plates, and the presence of nonculturable or difficult to culture mycobacteria strains. JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Schafer, M P AU - Martinez, K F AU - Mathews, E S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 41 EP - 50 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - whirlpools KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Mycobacteria KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) KW - Whirlpools KW - Hot Tubs KW - Bioaerosol KW - Particle size KW - Deposits KW - Water sampling KW - Airborne microorganisms KW - Particulates KW - polytetrafluoroethylene KW - Samplers KW - Diameter KW - Filters KW - Air purification KW - Recreation areas KW - Aerodynamics KW - Analysis KW - Detection KW - Air sampling KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Purification KW - Sampling KW - Plastics KW - Environmental hygiene KW - Size KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - J 02450:Ecology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19933846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Rapid+Detection+and+Determination+of+the+Aerodynamic+Size+Range+of+Airborne+Mycobacteria+Associated+with+Whirlpools&rft.au=Schafer%2C+M+P%3BMartinez%2C+K+F%3BMathews%2C+E+S&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=41&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Deposits; polytetrafluoroethylene; Samplers; Filters; Diameter; Analysis; Detection; DNA; Polymerase chain reaction; Plastics; Sampling; Purification; Size; Environmental hygiene; Particle size; Water sampling; Recreation areas; Air purification; Aerodynamics; Airborne microorganisms; Air sampling; Particulates ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Timeline: The Common Technical Document: the changing face of the New Drug Application AN - 19890429; 7964337 AB - Drug approval is the goal of the long process of drug development. Once preclinical and clinical trial data have been collected, a New Drug Application must be submitted to the regulatory authority for approval. Although the requirements for this submission have similarities around the world, until now, the applications have been different. Regulatory authorities working under the umbrella of the International Conference on Harmonisation are hoping that the development of the Common Technical Document will soon harmonize the application procedure, and make this process simpler for applicants. JF - Nature Reviews: Drug Discovery AU - Molzon, Justina AD - Justina A. Molzon is Associate Director for International Programs of the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA., molzonj@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 71 EP - 74 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building 4 Crinan Street London N1 9XW UK, [mailto:feedback@nature.com], [URL:http://www.nature.com/] VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1474-1784, 1474-1784 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Conferences KW - Drug development KW - Drugs KW - Clinical trials KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19890429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews%3A+Drug+Discovery&rft.atitle=Timeline%3A+The+Common+Technical+Document%3A+the+changing+face+of+the+New+Drug+Application&rft.au=Molzon%2C+Justina&rft.aulast=Molzon&rft.aufirst=Justina&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Reviews%3A+Drug+Discovery&rft.issn=14741784&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnrd990 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Conferences; Drug development; Clinical trials; Drugs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd990 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Challenges for Risk Assessors AN - 19609418; 7322562 AB - At the early part of the 21st century, occupational safety and health risk assessors face a variety of challenges. In addition to technical issues, the challenges for risk assessors include: assessment of risks of mixtures/and synergistic effects; incorporation of biological information into risk assessments; development of different ways of presenting risk information to better inform policy makers and the public; better expressions of uncertainty and assumptions; and harmonization of assessments across agencies and countries. All of these challenges will occur against a background of unfolding understanding of human and other genomes. Risk assessors will be motivated and pressured to use genomic and related technologies, but ethical, social, and technical issues need to be addressed before widespread use. JF - Human and Ecological Risk Assessment AU - Schulte, P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Robert Taft Labs, MS C14, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, PSchulte@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 439 EP - 445 PB - CRC Press LLC, 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW Boca Raton FL 33431 USA, [mailto:journals@crcpress.com], [URL:http://www.crcpress.com] VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1080-7039, 1080-7039 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - risk assessment KW - models KW - uncertainty KW - mechanisms KW - genomics KW - Uncertainty KW - Ethics KW - Occupational safety KW - Occupational health KW - Technology KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19609418?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.atitle=Challenges+for+Risk+Assessors&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+and+Ecological+Risk+Assessment&rft.issn=10807039&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F1080703031877212 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Uncertainty; Ethics; Occupational safety; Technology; Occupational health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1080703031877212 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Extrahepatic Hepatitis C Virus Replication by a Novel, Highly Sensitive, Single-Tube Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction AN - 19596620; 8858863 AB - We established a cell culture system for the replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by using human T and B leukemia cell lines. These 2 cell lines were infected in vitro by using HCV-positive pooled patient serum samples. HCV RNA was extracted from infected cell lines at different times after infection, and a sequence of the virus 5' untranslated region was analyzed. Hepatitis C minus-strand RNA was detected in the infected cell lines by highly strand-specific rTth (recombinant Thermus thermophllus DNA polymerase)-based reverse transcription followed by a novel, highly sensitive, single-tube nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. PCR products were analyzed by direct DNA sequencing. These results indicate that the HCV can replicate in T and B lymphocytes. This model should represent a valuable tool for the detailed study of the initial steps of the HCV replication cycle and for the evaluation of antiviral molecules. JF - American Journal of Clinical Pathology AU - Hu, Y AU - Shahidi, A AU - Park, S AU - Gullfoyie, D AU - Hirshfield, I AD - Microbiological Sciences Branch, Northeast Regional, Laboratory, US Food and Drug Administration, Jamaica, NY, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 95 EP - 100 VL - 119 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9173, 0002-9173 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Molecular modelling KW - Replication KW - Lymphocytes B KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Cell culture KW - Infection KW - Reverse transcription KW - Tumor cell lines KW - DNA sequencing KW - Hepatitis C virus KW - RNA KW - Thermus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Hepatitis C KW - N 14810:Methods KW - A 01300:Methods KW - J 02340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials KW - V 22370:Oncology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19596620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Clinical+Pathology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Extrahepatic+Hepatitis+C+Virus+Replication+by+a+Novel%2C+Highly+Sensitive%2C+Single-Tube+Nested+Polymerase+Chain+Reaction&rft.au=Hu%2C+Y%3BShahidi%2C+A%3BPark%2C+S%3BGullfoyie%2C+D%3BHirshfield%2C+I&rft.aulast=Hu&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Marriage+%26+Family+Review&rft.issn=01494929&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F01494929.2012.762443 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Molecular modelling; DNA sequencing; Tumor cell lines; RNA; Lymphocytes B; Replication; Nucleotide sequence; Polymerase chain reaction; Cell culture; Hepatitis C; Infection; Reverse transcription; Hepatitis C virus; Thermus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Commercial Broilers in Northeastern Georgia AN - 19519481; 5655889 AB - Staphylococcus aureus is an important opportunist that can cause superficial to life-threatening illnesses in a variety of animal species. In poultry, this organism has been implicated in osteomyelitis, synovitis, and cellulitis. Whereas most infections can be treated with antibiotics, because of the organism's propensity to acquire antimicrobial resistance, it is important to continually monitor antibiotic susceptibilities of clinical isolates. We surveyed 77 clinical poultry S. aureus isolates, collected from 1998 to 2000, for susceptibilities to a panel of 18 antimicrobial agents. Thirty-six percent of isolates were susceptible to all antibiotics. Forty-three and 16% of avian S. aureus were resistant to one and two antibiotics respectively. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were commonly resistant to tetracycline (40%; minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC]90 > 32 mu g/ml), lincomycin (19%; MIC90 > 32 mu g/ml), erythromycin (12%; MIC90 > 8 mu g/ml), and kanamycin (8%; MIC90 32 mu g/ml, el 19% a la lincomicina (CIM90 > 32 mu g/ml), el 12% a la eritromicina (CIM90 > 8 mu g/ml), el 8% a la kanamicina (CIM90 < 128 mu g/ml). La totalidad de los aislamientos de S. aureus fueron susceptibles al cloranfenicol, gentamicina, estreptomicina, nitrofurantoina, linezolid, quinupristina/dalfopristina, vancomicina y a los agentes antimicrobianos virginiamicina, salinomicina y flavomicina que son empleados en produccion. Una evaluacion periodica de la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de los agentes patogenos importantes en avicultura tales como el S. aureus sera de gran ayuda para la toma de decisiones por parte de los clinicos sobre el tipo de antibiotico a emplear para controlar una infeccion. double prime bbreviations: MIC = minimal inhibitory concentration; MRSA = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; NCCLS = National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards JF - Avian Diseases AU - White, D G AU - Ayers, S AU - Maurer, J J AU - Thayer, S G AU - Hofacre, C AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, The Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708 Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 203 EP - 210 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Poultry KW - Drug resistance KW - Kanamycin KW - Antibiotics KW - Streptomycin KW - Tetracyclines KW - Infection KW - Cellulitis KW - Vancomycin KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Linezolid KW - Clinical isolates KW - Chloramphenicol KW - Dalfopristin KW - Virginiamycin KW - Lincomycin KW - quinupristin KW - Pathogens KW - Erythromycin KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Gentamicin KW - Salinomycin KW - Synovitis KW - Osteomyelitis KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases KW - A 01340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19519481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+Susceptibilities+of+Staphylococcus+aureus+Isolated+from+Commercial+Broilers+in+Northeastern+Georgia&rft.au=White%2C+D+G%3BAyers%2C+S%3BMaurer%2C+J+J%3BThayer%2C+S+G%3BHofacre%2C+C&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282003%29047%280203%3AASOSAI%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clinical isolates; Dalfopristin; Poultry; Chloramphenicol; Drug resistance; Virginiamycin; Antibiotics; Lincomycin; Kanamycin; Pathogens; Streptomycin; quinupristin; Infection; Tetracyclines; Erythromycin; Antimicrobial agents; Gentamicin; Cellulitis; Salinomycin; Synovitis; Vancomycin; Linezolid; Osteomyelitis; Staphylococcus aureus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2003)047(0203:ASOSAI)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporally and spectrally resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for the detection of high grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus AN - 19467284; 8029770 AB - Background and Objectives Temporal and spectral fluorescence spectroscopy can identify adenomatous colonic polyps accurately. In this study, these techniques were examined as a potential means of improving the surveillance of high grade dysplasia (HGD) in Barrett's esophagus (BE). Study Design/Materials and Methods Using excitation wavelengths of 337 and 400 nm, 148 fluorescence spectra, and 108 transient decay profiles (at 550±20 nm) were obtained endoscopically in 37 patients. Corresponding biopsies were collected and classified as carcinoma, HGD, or low risk tissue (LRT) [non-dysplastic BE, indefinite for dysplasia (IFD), and low grade dysplasia (LGD)]. Diagnostic algorithms were developed retrospectively using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to separate LRT from HGD. Results LDA produced diagnostic algorithms based solely on spectral data. Moderate levels of sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) were obtained for both 337 nm (Se=74%, Sp=67%) and 400 nm (Se=74%, Sp=85%) excitation. Conclusions In the diagnosis of HGD in BE, steady-state fluorescence was more effective than time-resolved data, and excitation at 400 nm excitation was more effective than 337 nm. While fluorescence-targeted biopsy is approaching clinical usefulness, increased sensitivity to dysplastic changes-possibly through modification of system parameters-is needed to improve accuracy levels. Lasers Surg. Med. 32:10-16,2003. JF - Lasers in Surgery and Medicine AU - Pfefer, T Joshua AU - Paithankar, Dilip Y AU - Poneros, John M AU - Schomacker, Kevin T AU - Nishioka, Norman S AD - Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, josh@eob.cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 10 EP - 16 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0196-8092, 0196-8092 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - fluorescence spectroscopy KW - Dysplasia KW - Risk factors KW - Barrett's esophagus KW - Algorithms KW - Biopsy KW - Lasers KW - Polyps KW - Wavelength KW - Carcinoma KW - W 30905:Medical Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19467284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lasers+in+Surgery+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Temporally+and+spectrally+resolved+fluorescence+spectroscopy+for+the+detection+of+high+grade+dysplasia+in+Barrett%27s+esophagus&rft.au=Pfefer%2C+T+Joshua%3BPaithankar%2C+Dilip+Y%3BPoneros%2C+John+M%3BSchomacker%2C+Kevin+T%3BNishioka%2C+Norman+S&rft.aulast=Pfefer&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lasers+in+Surgery+and+Medicine&rft.issn=01968092&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Flsm.10136 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - fluorescence spectroscopy; Dysplasia; Risk factors; Algorithms; Barrett's esophagus; Polyps; Lasers; Biopsy; Wavelength; Carcinoma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lsm.10136 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonlinear and viscoelastic characteristics of skin under compression: experiment and analysis AN - 19343516; 8718635 AB - In physiological loading conditions, the soft tissues in the hands and fingers are predominantly in compression. The goal of the present study was to characterize the nonlinear and time-dependent behavior of skin in compression. The pigskin samples used in the study were collected from five different animals. The compression tests were performed in confined and unconfined loading configurations and at four different loading speeds [lpar ]0.5, 1.0, 40, and 400 [mu ]m[sol ]s[rpar ]. A multi-axial material model was proposed to simulate the nonlinear and viscoelastic behavior of the skin in compression. The good agreement between the model predictions and experimental data suggests that the mechanical behavior of the skin in compression can be well characterized using the Ogden strain energy potential combined with a time-integration using a Prony series. Our results show that the stress[sol ]strain curve of the skin is much stiffer in confined compression compared to that in unconfined compression, indicating that the compressibility of the skin is small. JF - Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering AU - Wu, John Z AU - Dong, Ren G AU - Smutz, WPaul AU - Schopper, Aaron W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 373 EP - 385 PB - IOS Press, 5795-G Burke Centre Pkwy VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0959-2989, 0959-2989 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Skin KW - Animal models KW - Hand KW - viscoelasticity KW - Finger KW - Models KW - Compression KW - Integration KW - Energy KW - Compressibility KW - Soft tissues KW - Mechanical properties KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19343516?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bio-Medical+Materials+and+Engineering&rft.atitle=Nonlinear+and+viscoelastic+characteristics+of+skin+under+compression%3A+experiment+and+analysis&rft.au=Wu%2C+John+Z%3BDong%2C+Ren+G%3BSmutz%2C+WPaul%3BSchopper%2C+Aaron+W&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bio-Medical+Materials+and+Engineering&rft.issn=09592989&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Skin; Data processing; Animal models; Hand; viscoelasticity; Compression; Models; Finger; Integration; Energy; Compressibility; Soft tissues; Mechanical properties ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Monoclonal Antibodies to Avian Escherichia coli Iss AN - 19288374; 5655903 AB - Escherichia coli infections are a major problem for the poultry industry in the United States. Yet, the virulence mechanisms operative in avian E. coli are poorly understood. In the present studies, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been generated that may facilitate study of the pathogenesis of avian colibacillosis. These MAbs are directed against the Iss protein because results from our laboratory have shown that the possession of iss DNA sequences is strongly correlated with the E. coli implicated in avian colibacillosis. As part of an overall effort to explore the role of iss /Iss in colibacillosis pathogenesis, Iss protein has been purified, MAbs to Iss have been generated, and the MAbs are being evaluated. B cells from mice immunized with an Iss fusion to glutathione-S-transferase produced antibodies specifically against Iss, and these cells were used to generate the MAbs. These anti-Iss MAbs, when used in western blotting assays, can be used to distinguish iss -positive and -negative E. coli isolates, suggesting that they may be useful as reagents in the detection and study of virulent avian E. coli.Original Abstract: Anticuerpos monoclonales especificos para la proteina Iss de Escherichia coli. Lambda a infeccion por Escherichia coli es un problema comun en la industria avicola de los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, los mecanismos de virulencia de E. coli en las especies aviares no han sido completamente aclarados. En este estudio se generaron anticuerpos monoclonales que pueden facilitar el estudio de la patogenesis de la colibacilosis aviar. Estos anticuerpos monoclonales fueron producidos con especificidad para la proteina Iss porque resultados obtenidos previamente en nuestro laboratorio demuestran que existe una fuerte correlacion entre la presencia de secuencias de ADN de iss, en cepas de E. coli implicadas en casos clinicos de colibacilosis aviar. Como parte de un estudio general encaminado a explorar el papel de la iss /Iss en la patogenesis de la colibacilosis, hemos purificado la proteina Iss y hemos generado anticuerpos monoclonales especificos para la proteina, los cuales estas siendo evaluados. Estos anticuerpos fueron producidos con linfocitos B obtenidos a partir de ratones inmunizados con una proteina de fusion entre la Iss y la transferasa de glutationa. Cuando se usaron estos anticuerpos monoclonales especificos contra la Iss en la tecnica de transferencia puntual de western, se pudo distinguir entre las cepas de E. coli que expresan o no la proteina Iss, lo cual sugiere que los mismos pueden ser una herramienta util en la deteccion y estudio de cepas aviares virulentas de E. coli. double prime bbreviations: Bio-CaM = biotinylated calmodulin; CBP = calmodulin binding peptide; DMEM = Dulbecco modified Eagle medium; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FBS = fetal bovine serum; HAT selection medium = Dulbecco modified Eagle medium, 20% fetal bovine serum, 0.1 mM hypoxanthine, 0.016 mM thymidine, 0.004 mM aminopterin, penicillin (63 mu g/ml), streptomycin (0.1 mg/ml), fungizone (0.25 mu g/ml), 0.05 mM 2-mercaptoethanol; HT medium = HAT selection medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and no aminopterin; GST = glutathione S-transferase; IFA = incomplete Freund adjuvant; i.p. = intraperitoneal; IPTG = isopropyl- beta -d-thiogalactopyranoside; LB = Luria-Bertani; MAb = monoclonal antibody; PEG = polyethylene glycol, molecular weight 1000; PVDF = polyvinylidine difluoride; SAS = saturated ammonium sulfate; SDS-PAGE = sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis JF - Avian Diseases AU - Foley, S L AU - Horne, S M AU - Giddings, C W AU - Gustad, T R AU - Handegard, ED AU - Robinson, M AU - Nolan, L K AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708 Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 79 EP - 86 PB - American Association of Avian Pathologists VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0005-2086, 0005-2086 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Virulence KW - Western blotting KW - Poultry KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Lymphocytes B KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Escherichia coli KW - Colibacillosis KW - Glutathione transferase KW - Infection KW - J 02350:Immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19288374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Avian+Diseases&rft.atitle=Monoclonal+Antibodies+to+Avian+Escherichia+coli+Iss&rft.au=Foley%2C+S+L%3BHorne%2C+S+M%3BGiddings%2C+C+W%3BGustad%2C+T+R%3BHandegard%2C+ED%3BRobinson%2C+M%3BNolan%2C+L+K&rft.aulast=Foley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Avian+Diseases&rft.issn=00052086&rft_id=info:doi/10.1043%2F0005-2086%282003%29047%280079%3AMATAEC%292.0.CO%3B2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Virulence; Western blotting; Poultry; Lymphocytes B; Monoclonal antibodies; Nucleotide sequence; Colibacillosis; Infection; Glutathione transferase; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1043/0005-2086(2003)047(0079:MATAEC)2.0.CO;2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of environmental and job-task factors on workers' gait characteristics on slippery surfaces AN - 19269461; 5843723 AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the kinetic and kinematic aspects of slips associated with gait on a slippery surface under various environmental and job-task risk factors. Forty healthy industrial workers (age: 40.3 plus or minus 14.9 years) participated in the study. Using a strain gauge type force platform and a video-based motion analysis system, kinetic and kinematic measurements of the subjects' foot movements were obtained. Of all gait trials, there were 1558 slips (60.9%). Slips were likely to occur when subjects were negotiating a turning path and an oily surface. Greater anterior-posterior center of pressure (CP) excursion and maximum required coefficient of friction (RCOF) were found for oily surfaces compared to dry surfaces. Subjects changed their gait patterns by shortening their stride length, slowing walking speed, and decreasing heel contact angle in the poorly lit and slippery environment. Significant correlations were found between slip occurrence and anterior-posterior CP excursion, mean RCOF, sliding distance and sliding velocity, but not the coefficient of friction (COF) of shoes. In addition to good housekeeping and proper selection of floor materials and safety shoes, slip and fall prevention should include proper workers' training in dealing with risk factors of slips and falls in the workplace. JF - Occupational Ergonomics AU - Chiou, S S AU - Bhattacharya, A AU - Lai, C-F AU - Succop, P A AD - NIOSH, DSR, 1095 Willowdale Rd. M/S G-800, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, schiou@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 209 EP - 223 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1359-9364, 1359-9364 KW - falls KW - floors KW - slips KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Occupational safety KW - Ergonomics KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19269461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Effects+of+environmental+and+job-task+factors+on+workers%27+gait+characteristics+on+slippery+surfaces&rft.au=Chiou%2C+S+S%3BBhattacharya%2C+A%3BLai%2C+C-F%3BSuccop%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Chiou&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=209&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.issn=13599364&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ergonomics; Occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of drywall lifting method on workers' balance in a laboratory-based simulation AN - 19265477; 5843725 AB - Voluntary body movement can import a perturbation to the postural stability/balance of a human body. Heavy manual material handling such as drywall lifting may increase this perturbation. The objective of this laboratory-based study was to quantify workers' postural stability while lifting drywall sheets through kinetic and kinematic analyses, and to identify the drywall lifting methods that caused the least perturbation on workers' balance. Sixty male construction workers participated in this study. A simulated drywall-lifting workstation was built and all subjects performed one of the four randomly assigned lifting methods. Kinetic and kinematic measurements were synchronized and collected using a piezoelectric force platform and a five-camera motion analysis system. Both center-of-pressure (COP) and center-of-mass (COM) data were analyzed to assess workers' postural stability. Univariate analyses and principal component analyses (PCA) were used to analyze 13 COP-based and 21 COM-based variables. Results from the univariate analyses and PCA significantly indicated that the three horizontal lifting methods created less perturbation than the vertical lifting method. Based on the results of this study and prior studies, it is concluded that horizontal lifting with both hands on top of the drywall appears to be the best work practice to reduce manual drywall handling hazards associated with fall potential and overexertion injuries. JF - Occupational Ergonomics AU - Pan, C S AU - Chiou, S AU - Hendricks, S AD - Devision of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd., MS-G800, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA, cpan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 235 EP - 249 VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1359-9364, 1359-9364 KW - drywall lifting KW - falls KW - lifting KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Materials handling KW - Occupational safety KW - Ergonomics KW - Construction industry KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19265477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+drywall+lifting+method+on+workers%27+balance+in+a+laboratory-based+simulation&rft.au=Pan%2C+C+S%3BChiou%2C+S%3BHendricks%2C+S&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.issn=13599364&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Construction industry; Ergonomics; Materials handling; Injuries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protective Immunity of Pneumococcal Glycoconjugates AN - 19235014; 5797750 AB - Pneumococcal polysaccharides (PSs), designated as T-cell independent type 2 (TI-2) antigens, induce poor immune responses in young children. Splenic marginal zone B cells, associated with CD21, CD19 and C3d, play an important role in TI-2 antibody responses, and provide host defense against bacterial pathogens. Antibody response, avidity, and opsonophagocytic activity of antisera were examined in mice immunized with type 9V PS conjugated to inactivated pneulmolysin (Ply) or to autolysin (Aly). Compared to mice given 9V PS alone, serum IgG and IgM concentrations against the 9V PS were higher in mice immunized with conjugates. High concentrations of serum antibodies were maintained for over 12 weeks. The relative avidities of IgG and IgM antibodies and opsonophagocytic activity against 9V pneumococci were high in mice immunized with conjugates. Thus, conjugate vaccines can induce high as well as long duration of antibody response and effective functional activity. In another study, mice received intranasal immunization with type 9V conjugate or 9V PS. These animals produced 9V PS IgG and IgA antibodies in their serum, spleen, intestine, lung, Peyer's patch and fecal extract samples. Mice immunized with these glycoconjugates exhibited opsonophagocytic activity and rapid bacterial clearance from blood and provided homologous and cross-protection against challenge with virulent pneumococci. These results indicate that intranasal immunization with glycoconjugate vaccines may serve as an alternative and convenient approach for prevention of pneumococcal infection. JF - Critical Reviews in Microbiology AU - Lee, C-J AU - Lee, L H AU - Frasch, CE AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA, lee_chi@cber.FDA.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 333 EP - 349 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 1040-841X, 1040-841X KW - mice KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Peyer's patches KW - Lymphocytes B KW - Animal models KW - Spleen KW - Children KW - Polysaccharides KW - Immunization KW - Antibodies KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Lung KW - Serum KW - Avidity KW - Intestine KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Immune response KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - Opsonization KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19235014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Critical+Reviews+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Protective+Immunity+of+Pneumococcal+Glycoconjugates&rft.au=Lee%2C+C-J%3BLee%2C+L+H%3BFrasch%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=C-J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=333&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Critical+Reviews+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=1040841X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F10408410390255260 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; Polysaccharides; Immune response; Children; Lymphocytes B; Antibodies; Avidity; Opsonization; Immunization; Animal models; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Serum; Spleen; Intestine; Lung; Peyer's patches DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408410390255260 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visual and ocular changes associated with exposure to two tertiary amines AN - 19222897; 5797102 AB - Aims: To determine if exposure to dimethylisopropanolamine (DMIPA) and dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) in a label printing plant was associated with visual disturbances and/or ocular changes. Methods: Questionnaires, eye examinations (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity at 2.5% and 1.25% contrast, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and pachymetry), and industrial hygiene monitoring for DMIPA and DMAE were performed over a two week period. Results: Eighty nine per cent of line workers reported having experienced blurry vision while at work in the past 12 months, compared to 12.5% of prime workers. A total of 108 full shift personal breathing zone (PBZ) air samples for the amines were collected. The mean time weighted average (TWA) concentration of DMIPA was significantly higher in the line division than in the prime division, as was the mean TWA concentration for total amines. The mean TWA concentration of DMAE was higher in the prime division than the line division. Higher levels of total amines were associated with increased risk of reporting blurry vision, halo vision, and blue-grey vision. The risk of corneal opacity rose with increasing exposure to total amines. The prevalence of corneal opacity also increased with increasing concentration of total amines. Median corneal thickness increased with increasing grades of corneal opacity. There was a statistically significant relation between total amine concentration and increased risk of reduced bilateral visual acuity and 2.5% contrast sensitivity. Conclusions: Exposure to tertiary amines was associated with blurry, halo, and blue-grey vision, corneal opacity, and decrements in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity at 2.5% contrast. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Page, E H AU - Cook, C K AU - Hater, MA AU - Mueller, CA AU - Grote, A A AU - Mortimer, V D AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-10, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA, edp7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 69 EP - 75 VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - dimethylaminoethanol KW - dimethylisopropanolamine KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Vision KW - Printing industry KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19222897?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Visual+and+ocular+changes+associated+with+exposure+to+two+tertiary+amines&rft.au=Page%2C+E+H%3BCook%2C+C+K%3BHater%2C+MA%3BMueller%2C+CA%3BGrote%2C+A+A%3BMortimer%2C+V+D&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=69&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Printing industry; Occupational exposure; Vision ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Contribution of mitochondria to cardiac muscle water/macromolecule proton magnetization transfer AN - 19222028; 5764650 AB - The contribution of mitochondria to water-macromolecule proton magnetization transfer (MT) was evaluated in porcine heart tissue. An examination of isolated mitochondria in suspension, at the same concentration as found in heart tissue, revealed MT effects very similar in magnitude and bandwidth to those in intact heart tissue. Disruption of the gross structure of the mitochondria by freeze- thawing or with detergent resulted in only ~25% decreases in MT, which suggests that the structure of the mitochondria is not critical for these effects. The current data indicate that mitochondria macromolecules contribute significantly to MT in the intact heart. JF - Magnetic Resonance in Medicine AU - Ward, K AU - Schussheim, A E AU - Balaban, R S AD - Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, rsb@nih.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 1312 EP - 1316 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 50 IS - 6 SN - 0740-3194, 0740-3194 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Heart KW - Magnetic fields KW - Magnetic resonance imaging KW - Cardiac muscle KW - Mitochondria KW - N.M.R. KW - W4 150:Medical Imaging KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19222028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Contribution+of+mitochondria+to+cardiac+muscle+water%2Fmacromolecule+proton+magnetization+transfer&rft.au=Ward%2C+K%3BSchussheim%2C+A+E%3BBalaban%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1312&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine&rft.issn=07403194&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fmrm.10625 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - N.M.R.; Magnetic resonance imaging; Heart; Mitochondria; Cardiac muscle; Magnetic fields DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.10625 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strength demands of line handlers on the Panama canal AN - 19215293; 5790763 AB - Vessels transiting the Panama Canal are guided through the locks using locomotives attached by means of towlines (made of wire rope), which are fastened to bitts on the deck by line handlers. The latter activity requires high pulling strength demands and is thought to be a cause of the high incidence of low back disorders in these workers. At the invitation of the Panama Canal Commission, NIOSH researchers evaluated the strength demands of line handlers and the strength capabilities of a line handling crew. Strength demands measured during a transit indicated high pulling force demands for attaching ropes to the bow and stem bitts (> 1000 N), but lower force requirements for midships bitts (< 400 N). Tests of pulling strength capabilities of a line handling crew suggest that at least 4-5 line handlers are needed to perform the most demanding tasks. When pulling upwards or downwards on a rope in a team effort, ordering the crew according to stature appears important. Simulation of slippery deck conditions resulted in a 13% decrease in team pulling strength. Though the short duration of the study prevented an extensive evaluation, the data obtained provides insight into the design aspects of occupations where team-pulling activities are required. JF - Occupational Ergonomics AU - Gallagher, S AU - Unger, R L AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, PO Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, sgallagher@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 173 EP - 184 VL - 3 IS - 3 SN - 1359-9364, 1359-9364 KW - line handlers KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Panama KW - Canals KW - Ergonomics KW - Design KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19215293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Strength+demands+of+line+handlers+on+the+Panama+canal&rft.au=Gallagher%2C+S%3BUnger%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+Ergonomics&rft.issn=13599364&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Panama; Design; Ergonomics; Canals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - caCORE: A common infrastructure for cancer informatics AN - 19200377; 5795253 AB - Motivation:Sites with substantive bioinformatics operations are challenged to build data processing and delivery infrastructure that provides reliable access and enables data integration. Locally generated data must be processed and stored such that relationships to external data sources can be presented. Consistency and comparability across data sets requires annotation with controlled vocabularies and, further, metadata standards for data representation. Programmatic access to the processed data should be supported to ensure the maximum possible value is extracted. Confronted with these challenges at the National Cancer Institute Center for Bioinformatics, we decided to develop a robust infrastructure for data management and integration that supports advanced biomedical applications. JF - Bioinformatics AU - Covitz, P A AU - Hartel, F AU - Schaefer, C AU - De Coronado, S AU - Fragoso, G AU - Sahni, H AU - Gustafson, S AU - Buetow, KH AD - National Cancer Institute Center for Bioinformatics, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Suite 403, Rockville MD 20852, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 2404 EP - 2412 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 19 IS - 18 SN - 1367-4803, 1367-4803 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Bioinformatics KW - Data acquisition KW - Cancer KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 350:Bioinformatics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19200377?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioinformatics&rft.atitle=caCORE%3A+A+common+infrastructure+for+cancer+informatics&rft.au=Covitz%2C+P+A%3BHartel%2C+F%3BSchaefer%2C+C%3BDe+Coronado%2C+S%3BFragoso%2C+G%3BSahni%2C+H%3BGustafson%2C+S%3BBuetow%2C+KH&rft.aulast=Covitz&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=2404&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioinformatics&rft.issn=13674803&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioinformatics; Cancer; Data processing; Data acquisition ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological response of chondrocytes cultured in three-dimensional nanofibrous poly( epsilon -caprolactone) scaffolds AN - 19161837; 5752511 AB - Nanofibrous materials, by virtue of their morphological similarities to natural extracellular matrix, have been considered as candidate scaffolds for cell delivery in tissue-engineering applications. In this study, we have evaluated a novel, three-dimensional, nanofibrous poly( epsilon -caprolactone) (PCL) scaffold composed of electrospun nanofibers for its ability to maintain chondrocytes in a mature functional state. Fetal bovine chondrocytes (FBCs), maintained in vitro between passages 2 to 6, were seeded onto three-dimensional biodegradable PCL nanofibrous scaffolds or as monolayers on standard tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) as a control substrate. Gene expression analysis by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that chondrocytes seeded on the nanofibrous scaffold and maintained in serum-free medium supplemented with ITS+, ascorbate, and dexamethasone continuously maintained their chondrocytic phenotype by expressing cartilage-specific extracellular matrix genes, including collagen types II and IX, aggrecan, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. Specifically, expression of the collagen type IIB splice variant transcript, which is indicative of the mature chondrocyte phenotype, was up- regulated. FBCs exhibited either a spindle or round shape on the nanofibrous scaffolds, in contrast to a flat, well-spread morphology seen in monolayer cultures on TCPS. Organized actin stress fibers were only observed in the cytoplasm of cells cultured on TCPS. Histologically, nanofibrous cultures maintained in the supplemented serum-free medium produced more sulfated proteoglycan-rich, cartilaginous matrix than monolayer cultures. In addition to promoting phenotypic differentiation, the nanofibrous scaffold also supported cellular proliferation as evidenced by a 21-fold increase in cell growth over 21 days when the cultures were maintained in serum-containing medium. These results indicate that the biological activities of FBCs are crucially dependent on the architecture of the extracellular scaffolds as well as the composition of the culture medium, and that nanofibrous PCL acts as a biologically preferred scaffold/substrate for proliferation and maintenance of the chondrocytic phenotype. We propose that the PCL nanofibrous structure may be a suitable candidate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part A AU - Li, W-J AU - Danielson, K G AU - Alexander, P G AU - Tuan, R S AD - Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Building 50, Room 1503, MSC8022, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8022, tuanr@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 1105 EP - 1114 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 67A IS - 4 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - poly-^e-caprolactone KW - poly- epsilon -caprolactone KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Cartilage KW - Biomaterials KW - Chondrocytes KW - Cell culture KW - Tissue engineering KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33220:Cell culture KW - W4 110:Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19161837?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Biological+response+of+chondrocytes+cultured+in+three-dimensional+nanofibrous+poly%28+epsilon+-caprolactone%29+scaffolds&rft.au=Li%2C+W-J%3BDanielson%2C+K+G%3BAlexander%2C+P+G%3BTuan%2C+R+S&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=W-J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=67A&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjbm.a.10101 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chondrocytes; Cell culture; Biomaterials; Cartilage; Tissue engineering DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.10101 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of NMR, molecular simulation, and hydrodynamics to conformational analysis of trisaccharides AN - 18947528; 5685274 AB - The preferred conformations and conformational flexibilities of the trisaccharides alpha -D-Glcp-(1 arrow right 2)- beta -D-Glcp-(1 arrow right 3)- alpha -D-Glcp-OMe (I) and alpha -D-Glcp-(1 arrow right 3)[ beta -D-Glcp- (1 arrow right 4)]- alpha -D-Glcp-OMe (II) in aqueous solution were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, molecular dynamics (MD) and Langevin dynamics (LD) simulations, and hydrodynamics calculations. Both trisaccharides have a vicinal substitution pattern in which long range (nonsequential) interactions may play an important role. LD simulation at 600 K indicated that the all-syn conformation predominated, though other conformations were apparent. NOE data and MD and LD simulations at 298 K all indicated that trisaccharide I is a single all-syn conformer in solution. Given that previous studies showed evidence of anti-conformers in beta -D- Glcp-(1 arrow right 2)- beta -D-Glcp-(1 arrow right 3)- alpha -D-Glcp-OMe, this result provides an example of how changing the anomeric configuration of one residue from beta to alpha can make an oligosaccharide more rigid. Discrepancies in inter-ring distances obtained by experiment and by simulation of the all-syn conformer suggest the presence of an anti- psi conformation at the beta -(1 arrow right 4)-linkage for II. A combined analysis of measured and calculated translational diffusion constants and super(13)C T sub(1) relaxation times yield order parameters of 0.9 for each trisaccharide. This implies that any interconversion among conformations is significantly slower than tumbling. Anisotropies of approximately 1.6 and 1.3 calculated for I and II, respectively, are consistent with the observed relatively flat T sub(1) profiles because the tumbling is not in the motional narrowing regime. Published 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 69: 448-460, 2003 JF - Biopolymers AU - Dixon, A M AU - Venable, R AU - Widmalm, G AU - Bull, TE AU - Pastor, R W AD - Laboratory of Biophysics, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, pastor@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 448 EP - 460 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 69 IS - 4 SN - 0006-3525, 0006-3525 KW - trisaccharides KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Molecular modelling KW - Hydrodynamics KW - Biopolymers KW - N.M.R. KW - Conformational analysis KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18947528?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biopolymers&rft.atitle=Application+of+NMR%2C+molecular+simulation%2C+and+hydrodynamics+to+conformational+analysis+of+trisaccharides&rft.au=Dixon%2C+A+M%3BVenable%2C+R%3BWidmalm%2C+G%3BBull%2C+TE%3BPastor%2C+R+W&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=448&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biopolymers&rft.issn=00063525&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbip.10421 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biopolymers; N.M.R.; Molecular modelling; Hydrodynamics; Conformational analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.10421 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Childhood Obesity: The Possible Role of Maternal Smoking and Impact on Public Health AN - 18944057; 5687443 AB - In industrialized countries, overweight and obesity are the most common nutritional disorders, showing an increasing prevalence. Overweight children have a high risk for being overweight in adulthood, and therefore are at risk for the disease states associated with obesity, including Type 2 diabetes. Recently, Montgomery and Ekbom (2002), von Kries et al. (2002), and Toschke et al. (2002) have reported a higher prevalence of obesity in children at school entry or as adults whose mothers had smoked during pregnancy. These observations of an increased risk for over-weight and obesity have major implications for the understanding of fetal programming by developmental factors and for the prevention of obesity. The strength of the effect of maternal smoking in the final logistic regression model was comparable to that of the other significant risk factors amenable to prevention such as frequent TV viewing/video games and frequent consumption of snacks while watching TV. The offspring of pregnant rats exposed to an active component of tobacco smoke, nicotine, demonstrate both appetitive learning and attentional deficits. As summarized by Levin, Slotkin, and co-workers (1998), these behavioral effects are associated with alterations of the cholinergic, catecholaminergic, and serotonergic neurotransmitter systems of the brain. Alterations of the cholinergic system have been linked to learning deficits, whereas the catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems have been associated with the brain's reward system and feeding behavior, respectively. Therefore, it is postulated that exposure to nicotine in utero due to maternal smoking during pregnancy may result in persistent behavioral effects, including deficits in impulse control. Clinical observations appear to support this concept further: daughters of mothers who smoked during pregnancy were four times more likely to smoke when compared either with the offspring of nonsmokers or to children of women who did not smoke during pregnancy but did smoke after delivery. Together, these data support the hypothesis that obesity in children of mothers who smoked during pregnancy could be due to long-lasting behavioral teratogenic effects of nicotine exposure in utero. The search for additional risk factors for childhood obesity should be expanded because of the detrimental effects of obesity on health quality and the impact on our already-stressed health care capabilities. JF - Journal of Children's Health AU - Slikker, W Jr AU - Schwetz, BA AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502 USA, wslikker@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 29 EP - 40 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1541-7069, 1541-7069 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Smoking KW - Obesity KW - Health (care) KW - Epidemiology KW - Tobacco KW - Children KW - Maternal influence KW - Public health KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18944057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Children%27s+Health&rft.atitle=Childhood+Obesity%3A+The+Possible+Role+of+Maternal+Smoking+and+Impact+on+Public+Health&rft.au=Slikker%2C+W+Jr%3BSchwetz%2C+BA&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Children%27s+Health&rft.issn=15417069&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public health; Epidemiology; Obesity; Children; Maternal influence; Tobacco; Health (care); Smoking ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CD4 super(+) T Cells Mediate IFN-[gamma]-Independent Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Both In Vitro and In Vivo AN - 18899316; 5757400 AB - Although IFN-[gamma] is necessary for survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in people and animal models, it may not be sufficient to clear the infection, and IFN-[gamma] is not a reliable correlate of protection. To determine whether IFN-[gamma]-independent mechanisms of immunity exist, we developed a murine ex vivo culture system that directly evaluates the ability of splenic or lung lymphocytes to control the growth of M. tuberculosis within infected macrophages, and that models in vivo immunity to tuberculosis. Surprisingly, CD4 super(+) T cells controlled >90% of intracellular M. tuberculosis growth in the complete absence of IFN-[gamma] stimulation of macrophages, via a NO-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, bacillus Calmette- Guerin-vaccinated IFN-[gamma]-deficient mice exhibited significant protection against M. tuberculosis challenge that was lost upon depletion of CD4 super(+) T cells. These findings demonstrate that CD4 super(+) T cells possess IFN-[gamma]- independent mechanisms that can limit the growth of an intracellular pathogen and are dominant in secondary responses to M. tuberculosis. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Cowley, S C AU - Elkins, K L AD - Laboratory of Mycobacterial Diseases and Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research/Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852 Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 4689 EP - 4699 PB - American Association of Immunologists, 9650 Rockville Pike Bethesda MD 20814-3998 USA, [URL:http://www.jimmunol.org/] VL - 171 IS - 9 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - CD4 antigen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18899316?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=CD4+super%28%2B%29+T+Cells+Mediate+IFN-%5Bgamma%5D-Independent+Control+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+Infection+Both+In+Vitro+and+In+Vivo&rft.au=Cowley%2C+S+C%3BElkins%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Cowley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Information dissemination and use: Critical components in occupational safety and health AN - 18856211; 5748035 AB - Information dissemination is a mandated, but understudied, requirement of occupational and environmental health laws and voluntary initiatives. Research is needed on the factors that enhance and limit the development, transfer, and use of occupational safety and health information (OSH). Contemporary changes in the workforce, workplaces, and the nature of work will require new emphasis on the dissemination of information to foster prevention. Legislative and regulatory requirements and voluntary initiatives for dissemination of OSH information were identified and assessed. Literature on information dissemination was reviewed to identify important issues and useful approaches. More than 20 sections of laws and regulations were identified that mandated dissemination of occupational and environmental safety and health information. A four-stage approach for tracking dissemination and considering the flow of information was delineated. Special areas of dissemination were identified: the information needs of the changing workforce, new and young workers; small businesses; and workers with difficulty in understanding or reading English. We offer a framework for dissemination of OSH information and underscore the need to focus on the extent to which decision-makers and others receive and use such information. More solid data are also needed on current investments in disseminating, diffusing and applying OSH information and on the utility of that information. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Schulte, P A AU - Okun, A AU - Stephenson, C M AU - Colligan, M AU - Ahlers, H AU - Gjessing, C AU - Loos, G AU - Niemeier, R W AU - Sweeney, M H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Education and Information Division, Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio, pas4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 515 EP - 531 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - information dissemination KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18856211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Information+dissemination+and+use%3A+Critical+components+in+occupational+safety+and+health&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BOkun%2C+A%3BStephenson%2C+C+M%3BColligan%2C+M%3BAhlers%2C+H%3BGjessing%2C+C%3BLoos%2C+G%3BNiemeier%2C+R+W%3BSweeney%2C+M+H&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10295 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10295 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Judgment and decision making under stress: an overview for emergency managers AN - 18825966; 5731807 AB - This paper discusses human judgment and decision making under stress. The authors review selected recent literature across various disciplines and suggest a definition of stress within the context of decision making during the management of emergencies. They also discuss fieldwork by the Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, NIOSH, which explores traumatic incident stress, the relationship between previous training and performance under stressful conditions, and human behaviour in underground mine fires. The authors assert that stress is one of the factors that decision makers must contend with in most life-or-death situations. They suggest that a better understanding of individual judgment and decision making activities whilst under stress would yield a better understanding of how people reach the choices they make in emergencies. This enhanced understanding would be of enormous value to emergency managers, researchers and policymakers. JF - International Journal of Emergency Management AU - Kowalski-Trakofler, K M AU - Vaught, C AU - Scharf, T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, kkowalski@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1471-4825, 1471-4825 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18825966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.atitle=Judgment+and+decision+making+under+stress%3A+an+overview+for+emergency+managers&rft.au=Kowalski-Trakofler%2C+K+M%3BVaught%2C+C%3BScharf%2C+T&rft.aulast=Kowalski-Trakofler&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.issn=14714825&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a Microplate Assay for the Detection of Single Plaque-Forming Units of Bacteriophage Phi X174 in Crude Lysates AN - 18772041; 5640293 AB - Mice containing the Phi X174 am3 transgene can be used for measuring in vivo mutation; however, the single burst analysis method used for distinguishing in vivo mutations from mutations generated during sample processing is labor-intensive. A liquid microplate assay was developed that detects a single mutant plaque-forming unit (PFU) of Phi X174 bacterial virus in the presence of excess nonmutant virus. The assay is based on inhibiting reduction of the tetrazolium dye, MTS, by bacterial cells selective for mutant virus. The assay is performed with crude lysates of infected bacteria and is as accurate as scoring viral plaques on a bacterial lawn. This microplate assay may have application in increasing throughput of the single burst analysis of Phi X174 in transgenic mouse mutation assays. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Slattery, S D AU - Valentine, C R AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Rd., HFT-120, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, cvalentine@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 121 EP - 125 VL - 41 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - tetrazolium KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22022:Virus assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18772041?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+Microplate+Assay+for+the+Detection+of+Single+Plaque-Forming+Units+of+Bacteriophage+Phi+X174+in+Crude+Lysates&rft.au=Slattery%2C+S+D%3BValentine%2C+C+R&rft.aulast=Slattery&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fem.10140 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.10140 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hospitalization for Firearm-Related Injuries in the United States, 1997 AN - 18762589; 5621408 AB - Background: Firearm-related injuries are a serious public health problem in the United States. Despite the magnitude of this problem, prior national estimates of nonfatal, firearm-related morbidity have been limited to an emergency department--based surveillance system. The objective of this study was to assess and report the information available on firearm-related injuries in an existing national database, derived from hospital discharge data. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of the 1997 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), a stratified probability sample of 1012 nonfederal community hospitals from 22 states. The database was queried using E codes to identify firearm-related injuries. The SUDAAN software program was used to convert raw counts into weighted counts that represent national estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Coben, J H AU - Steiner, CA AD - Center for Outcomes and Effectiveness (Coben), Research Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd. VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - firearms KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18762589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Hospitalization+for+Firearm-Related+Injuries+in+the+United+States%2C+1997&rft.au=Coben%2C+J+H%3BSteiner%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Coben&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0749-3797%2802%2900578-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00578-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cumulative risk assessment for quantitative response data AN - 18750124; 5626192 AB - The Relative Potency Factor approach (RPF) is used to normalize and combine different toxic potencies among a group of chemicals selected for cumulative risk assessment. The RPF method assumes that the slopes of the dose-response functions are all equal; but this method depends on the choice of the index chemical, i.e. different index chemicals will give different predicted mean estimates. This article is part of an approach to explore and develop cumulative risk assessment strategies. As part of this approach this article proposes a procedure for cumulative risk assessment from exposure to multiple chemicals that have a common mechanism of toxicity. We propose two classification algorithms to cluster the chemicals into subclasses such that the chemicals in the same subclass have a common slope. The joint response is estimated by fitting the dose-response model of the mixture under dose addition. The proposed method will give the same predicted mean response regardless of the selection of the index chemical for the chemicals in the same subclass. The proposed method also allows one to estimate the joint response for chemicals having different slopes. An example data set of six hypothetical pesticide chemicals is used to illustrate the proposed procedure. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Environmetrics AU - Chen, J J AU - Chen, Y-J AU - Teuschler, L K AU - Rice, G AU - Hamernik, K AU - Protzel, A AU - Kodell, R L AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, NCTR/FDA/HFT-20, Jefferson, AR 72079, U.S.A., jchen@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 339 EP - 353 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1180-4009, 1180-4009 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - P 9000:ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18750124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmetrics&rft.atitle=Cumulative+risk+assessment+for+quantitative+response+data&rft.au=Chen%2C+J+J%3BChen%2C+Y-J%3BTeuschler%2C+L+K%3BRice%2C+G%3BHamernik%2C+K%3BProtzel%2C+A%3BKodell%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmetrics&rft.issn=11804009&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fenv.587 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/env.587 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of Wake-Induced Exposure Using an Interrupted Oscillating Jet AN - 18715913; 5599560 AB - A problem may arise in ventilation design when the contaminant source is located in the worker's wake, where turbulence and vortex formation can carry the contaminant into the breathing zone even though the source is downwind. It was found previously that forced directional variations in the flow can reduce or eliminate the vortex formation that causes these local reversals. Reported here is a simple realization of this concept, in which an oscillating jet of air was directed at a mannequin in an otherwise steady flow of air. A 50th percentile male mannequin was placed in a nearly uniform flow of approximately 0.18 m/sec (36 ft/min). A low-velocity tracer gas source (isobutylene) was held in the standing mannequin's hands with the upper arms vertical and the elbows at 90 degree . Four ventilation scenarios were compared by concentration measurements in the breathing zone, using photoionization detectors: (A) uniform flow; (B) addition of a steady jet with initial velocity 5.1 m/sec (1.0 x 10 super(3) ft/min) directed at the mannequin's back, parallel to the main flow; (C) making the jet oscillate to 45 degree on either side of the centerline with a period of 13 sec; and (D) introducing a blockage at the centerline so the oscillating jet never blew directly at the worker. At the 97.5% confidence level the interrupted oscillating jet (case D) achieved at least 99% exposure reduction compared with the uniform flow by itself (case A), at least 93% compared with the steady jet (case B), and at least 45% exposure reduction compared with the unblocked oscillating jet (case C). JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Bennett, J S AU - Crouch, K G AU - Shulman, SA AD - Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, MS R5, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 24 EP - 29 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - sampling KW - ventilation KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18715913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Control+of+Wake-Induced+Exposure+Using+an+Interrupted+Oscillating+Jet&rft.au=Bennett%2C+J+S%3BCrouch%2C+K+G%3BShulman%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Coal Mine Dust Size Distributions and Calibration Standards for Crystalline Silica Analysis AN - 18708546; 5599561 AB - Since 1982 standard calibration materials recommended for respirable crystalline silica analysis by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) P7 Infrared Method and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analytical Method 7500 have undergone minor changes in size distribution. However, a critical assumption has been made that the crystalline silica in ambient mine atmosphere respirable dust samples has also remained essentially unchanged in particle size distribution. Therefore, this work compared recent particle size distributions of underground coal mine dust and the silica component of these dusts with estimated aerodynamic particle size distributions of calibration standard materials MIN-U-SIL 5, Berkeley 5, and SRM 1878 used by two crystalline silica analysis techniques. Dust impactor sampling data for various locations in 13 underground coal mines were analyzed for the respirable mass median aerodynamic diameters. The data suggest that the MSHA P7 method will underestimate the silica content of the sample by at most 7.4% in the median size range 0.9 to 3.6 mu m, and that it is unlikely one would obtain any significant error in the MSHA P7 method analysis when the method uses Berkeley 5, MIN-U-SIL 5, or SRM 1878 as a calibration standard material. The results suggest that the NIOSH Analytical Method 7500 would be more appropriate for a dust sample that is representative of the total (no cyclone classifier) rather than the respirable airborne dust, particularly because the mass fraction in the size range below 4 mu m is usually a small percentage of the total airborne dust mass. However, NIOSH Analytical Method 7500 is likely to underestimate the silica content of an airborne respirable dust sample by only 5 to 10%. The results of this study also suggest that any changes that may have occurred in the median respirable size of airborne coal mine dust are not significant enough to cause any appreciable error in the current methods used for respirable crystalline silica analysis. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Page, S J AD - NIOSH, Pittsburgh Research Center, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 30 EP - 39 VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - calibration standards KW - Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18708546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Coal+Mine+Dust+Size+Distributions+and+Calibration+Standards+for+Crystalline+Silica+Analysis&rft.au=Page%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Page&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=30&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Response Regulator BvgA and RNA Polymerase alpha Subunit C-Terminal Domain Bind Simultaneously to Different Faces of the Same Segment of Promoter DNA AN - 18695633; 5581632 AB - Examination of the binding of FeBABE-conjugated BvgA to the fha promoter of Bordetella pertussis has revealed that three dimers, formed by head-to-head association of monomers, bind one face of the DNA helix from the inverted-heptad primary binding site to the -35 region. The orientation of BvgA monomers within the dimers is the same as that recently demonstrated by X-ray crystallographic methods for a dimer of the C-terminal domain of NarL bound to DNA. Use of FeBABE conjugates of RNAP alpha subunit C-terminal domain showed that binding of this domain is linearly coincident with binding of the BvgA dimers, but to a different helical face. These results reveal a previously undescribed mode of interaction between RNAP alpha -CTD and a transcriptional activator. JF - Molecular Cell AU - Boucher, P E AU - Maris, A E AU - Yang, Mei-Shin AU - Stibitz, S AD - Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, boucher@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 163 EP - 173 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1097-2765, 1097-2765 KW - BvgA protein KW - C-terminal domain KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02726:RNA and ribosomes KW - N 14930:Transcription factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18695633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Cell&rft.atitle=The+Response+Regulator+BvgA+and+RNA+Polymerase+alpha+Subunit+C-Terminal+Domain+Bind+Simultaneously+to+Different+Faces+of+the+Same+Segment+of+Promoter+DNA&rft.au=Boucher%2C+P+E%3BMaris%2C+A+E%3BYang%2C+Mei-Shin%3BStibitz%2C+S&rft.aulast=Boucher&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Cell&rft.issn=10972765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of Methods To Improve Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Fresh Produce by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction AN - 18662939; 5565327 AB - Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to detect two genes encoding Shiga-like toxins (stx1 and stx 2) and a universal Escherichia coli gene (gadA/B) in fresh produce spiked with E. coli O157:H7. Current U.S. Food and Drug Administration procedures for the analysis of fresh produce include the use of the rinsate from an initial rinse for the analysis of several potential pathogens, including E. coli O157:H7. In this study, several procedures were evaluated for their ability to increase the sensitivity of PCR analysis of rinsates from 15 types of produce. The procedures evaluated included the preliminary clarification and concentration of templates by centrifugation and the treatment of templates with compounds reported to facilitate nucleic acid amplification, including polyvinlypolypyrrolidone (PVPP), nonfat dry milk (NFDM), and InstaGene. The preliminary concentration of rinsates resulted in moderate improvements in detection sensitivity. The use of PVPP-treated templates in PCR reaction mixtures did not further improve sensitivity, but the inclusion of NFDM-treated templates increased sensitivity by an order of magnitude for 12 rinsates. The incorporation of InstaGene also improved the detection capability of the analysis; this procedure yielded the strongest gel bands for eight rinsates. However, for four other rinsates, the use of this reagent decreased sensitivity; these four rinsates were those for the produce varieties with the largest surface areas and were the most turbid rinsates. The use of facilitating compounds to block PCR inhibition may enable an analysis for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli in fresh produce to be completed in 1 to 2 days, rather than the 5 days required for current methods. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Grant, MA AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, Washington 98021-4421, USA Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 18 EP - 24 VL - 66 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - produce KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18662939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+Methods+To+Improve+Detection+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+Fresh+Produce+by+Multiplex+Polymerase+Chain+Reaction&rft.au=Grant%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genomic variability among enteric pathogens: the case of the mutS-rpoS intergenic region AN - 18648045; 5549837 AB - The mutS-rpoS intergenic region of enteric bacteria ranges in size from 88 bp in Yersinia to >12000 bp in Salmonella. We interpret this expansion as the result of the horizontal transfer of segments of DNA from diverse origins. Both comparative genomic analysis and selective sequencing of a variety of Escherichia coli pathogens have provided additional evidence for reassortment of segments within this region. JF - Trends in Microbiology AU - Kotewicz, M L AU - Brown, E W AU - LeClerc, JE AU - Cebula, T A AD - Division of Molecular Biology, Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, MOD-1, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, tcebula@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 2 EP - 6 VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 0966-842X, 0966-842X KW - mutS gene KW - nucleotide sequence KW - rpoS gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18648045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genomic+variability+among+enteric+pathogens%3A+the+case+of+the+mutS-rpoS+intergenic+region&rft.au=Kotewicz%2C+M+L%3BBrown%2C+E+W%3BLeClerc%2C+JE%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Kotewicz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=2&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Microbiology&rft.issn=0966842X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0966-842X%2802%2900005-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0966-842X(02)00005-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonencapsulated Neisseria meningitidis Strain Produces Amylopectin from Sucrose: Altering the Concept for Differentiation between N. meningitidis and N. polysaccharea AN - 18640023; 5547128 AB - Neisseria meningitidis is the causative agent of meningococcal sepsis and meningitis. Neisseria polysaccharea is a nonpathogenic species. N. polysaccharea is able to use sucrose to produce amylopectin, a starch-like polysaccharide, which distinguishes it biochemically from the pathogenic species N. meningitidis. The data presented here indicate that this may be an insufficient criterion to distinguish between these two species. The nonencapsulated Neisseria strain 93246 expressed a phenotype of amylopectin production similar to that of N. polysaccharea. However, strain 93246 reacted with N. meningitidis serotype 4 and serosubtype P1.14 monoclonal antibodies and showed the N. meningitidis L1(8) lipo-oligosaccharide immunotype. Further analyses were performed on four genetic loci in strain 93246, and the results were compared with 7 N. meningitidis strains, 13 N. polysaccharea strains, and 2 N. gonorrhoeae strains. Three genetic loci, opcA, siaD, and lgt-1 in strain 93246, were the same as in N. meningitidis. Particularly, the siaD gene encoding polysialyltransferase responsible for biosynthesis of N. meningitidis group B capsule was detected in strain 93246. This siaD gene was inactivated by a frameshift mutation at the poly(C) tract, which makes strain 93246 identical to other nonencapsulated N. meningitidis strains. As expected, the ams gene encoding amylosucrase, responsible for production of amylopectin from sucrose, was detected in strain 93246 and all 13 N. polysaccharea strains but not in N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae strains. These data suggest that strain 93246 is nonencapsulated N. meningitidis but has the ability to produce extracellular amylopectin from sucrose. The gene for amylopectin production in strain 93246 was likely imported from N. polysaccharea by horizontal genetic exchange. Therefore, we conclude that genetic analysis is required to complement the traditional phenotypic classification for the nonencapsulated Neisseria strains. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Zhu, P AU - Tsang, RSW AU - Tsai, C AD - Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, Zhu@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 273 EP - 278 VL - 41 IS - 1 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - ams gene KW - amylopectin KW - amylosucrase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02730:Carbohydrates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18640023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Nonencapsulated+Neisseria+meningitidis+Strain+Produces+Amylopectin+from+Sucrose%3A+Altering+the+Concept+for+Differentiation+between+N.+meningitidis+and+N.+polysaccharea&rft.au=Zhu%2C+P%3BTsang%2C+RSW%3BTsai%2C+C&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.1.273-278.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.1.273-278.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exploring the Structure and Function of the Mycobacterial KatG Protein Using trans-Dominant Mutants AN - 18621038; 5539916 AB - In order to probe the structure and function of the mycobacterial catalase- peroxidase enzyme (KatG), we employed a genetic approach using dominant-negative analysis of katG merodiploids. Transformation of Mycobacterium bovis BCG with various katG point mutants (expressed from low-copy-number plasmids) resulted in reductions in peroxidase and catalase activities as measured in cell extracts. These reductions in enzymatic activity usually correlated with increased resistance to the antituberculosis drug isoniazid (INH). However, for the N138S trans-dominant mutant, the catalase-peroxidase activity was significantly decreased while the sensitivity to INH was retained. trans- dominance required katG expression from multicopy plasmids and could not be demonstrated with katG mutants integrated elsewhere on the wild-type M. bovis BCG chromosome. Reversal of the mutant phenotype through plasmid exchange suggested the catalase-peroxidase deficiency occurred at the protein level and that INH resistance was not due to a second site mutation(s). Electrophoretic analysis of KatG proteins from the trans-dominant mutants showed a reduction in KatG dimers compared to WT and formation of heterodimers with reduced activity. The mutants responsible for these defects cluster around proposed active site residues: N138S, T275P, S315T, and D381G. In an attempt to identify mutants that might delimit the region(s) of KatG involved in subunit interactions, C-terminal truncations were constructed (with and without the D381G dominant-negative mutation). None of the C-terminal deletions were able to complement a [Delta]katG strain, nor could they cause a dominant-negative effect on the WT. Taken together, these results suggest an intricate association between the amino- and carboxy-terminal regions of KatG and may be consistent with a domain-swapping mechanism for KatG dimer formation. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - DeVito, JA AU - Morris, S AD - Building 29/Room 502, CBER/FDA, 29 Lincoln Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, morris@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/01// PY - 2003 DA - Jan 2003 SP - 188 EP - 195 VL - 47 IS - 1 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - KatG protein KW - isoniazid KW - katG gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02728:Enzymes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18621038?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Exploring+the+Structure+and+Function+of+the+Mycobacterial+KatG+Protein+Using+trans-Dominant+Mutants&rft.au=DeVito%2C+JA%3BMorris%2C+S&rft.aulast=DeVito&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=188&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.47.1.188-195.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.47.1.188-195.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-contamination issues during a biological emergency response effort: lessons learned AN - 17985600; 5934735 AB - Response Team investigators from the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), recognised the potential for Bacillus anthracis (B. anthracis) cross-contamination during recent emergency response activities in the Capitol area. The three case studies presented offer the opportunity to examine procedural response practices related to bioterrorism events, and consider the "lessons learned". An examination of the actions, practices and environmental sampling results from the Capitol response effort compelled investigators to develop six recommendations that, if implemented, should reduce the potential for cross-contamination in future national and international emergency response activities. JF - International Journal of Emergency Management AU - McKernan, J L AU - Taylor, L AU - McCammon, J B AU - Hartle, R W AU - Gressel, M G AD - United States Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, zwd4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 363 EP - 373 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1471-4825, 1471-4825 KW - cross-contamination KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - bioterrorism KW - Emergency preparedness KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17985600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.atitle=Cross-contamination+issues+during+a+biological+emergency+response+effort%3A+lessons+learned&rft.au=McKernan%2C+J+L%3BTaylor%2C+L%3BMcCammon%2C+J+B%3BHartle%2C+R+W%3BGressel%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=McKernan&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Emergency+Management&rft.issn=14714825&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Emergency preparedness; bioterrorism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitation of aberrant interlocus T-cell receptor rearrangements in mouse thymocytes and the effect of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid AN - 17980000; 5907964 AB - Small studies in human populations have suggested a correlation between the frequency of errors in antigen receptor gene assembly and lymphoid malignancy risk. In particular, agricultural workers exposed to pesticides have both an increased risk for lymphoma and an increased frequency of errors in antigen receptor gene assembly. In order to further investigate the potential of such errors to serve as a mechanistically based biomarker of lymphoid cancer risk, we have developed a sensitive PCR assay for quantifying errors of V(D)J recombination in the thymocytes of mice. This assay measures interlocus rearrangements between two T-cell receptor loci, V-gamma and J-beta, located on chromosomes 13 and 6, respectively. The baseline frequency in four strains of mice was determined at several ages (2-8 weeks of age) and was found to be stable at ~1.5 X 10 super(-5) per thymocyte. Strain AKR, which has a high susceptibility to T-cell lymphomas, did not show an elevated frequency of aberrant V(D)J events. We used this assay to examine the effects of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the frequency of these events. Female B6C3F1 mice, 27 days of age, were exposed to 2,4-D by gavage at doses of 0, 3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg/day for 4 successive days and sacrificed on day 5. Thymus DNA was isolated and examined for illegitimate V(D)J recombination-mediated gene rearrangements. In addition, pregnant mice were exposed to 2,4-D and thymocytes from the offspring examined at 2 weeks of age. No significant increase in aberrant V(D)J rearrangements was found, indicating that under these conditions 2,4-D does not appear to effect this important mechanism of carcinogenesis. JF - Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis AU - Knapp, Geremy W AU - Setzer, RWoodrow AU - Fuscoe, James C AD - Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, JFuscoe@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 37 EP - 43 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - mice KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - 2,4-D KW - T-cell receptor KW - Genotoxicity KW - Herbicides KW - ^AT-cell receptor KW - gene rearrangement KW - Thymocytes KW - G 07220:General theory/testing systems KW - X 24135:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17980000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Quantitation+of+aberrant+interlocus+T-cell+receptor+rearrangements+in+mouse+thymocytes+and+the+effect+of+the+herbicide+2%2C4-dichlorophenoxyacetic+acid&rft.au=Knapp%2C+Geremy+W%3BSetzer%2C+RWoodrow%3BFuscoe%2C+James+C&rft.aulast=Knapp&rft.aufirst=Geremy&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+Molecular+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Herbicides; 2,4-D; Genotoxicity; T-cell receptor; gene rearrangement; Thymocytes; ^AT-cell receptor ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Neural Network and Multiple Linear Regression as Dissolution Predictors AN - 17426759; 6539102 AB - The predictive performance of an artificial neural network (NN) was compared with the first-order multiple linear regression (MLR) using mean dissolution data of 28 diltiazem immediate release tablet formulations. The performance was evaluated using "Weibull" function parameters alpha and beta. Weibull parameters were used as dissolution markers of the eight principal, mainly compositional, variables. The parameters were obtained by fitting the Weibull function to the mean (n = 12) dissolution profiles of 28 diltiazem hydrochloride tablet formulations. The generated set of 28 pairs of Weibull function parameters was evaluated for internal and external predictability using both the MLR and the artificial NN. A three-layered 8-5-2 feedforward NN was found to be an adequate descriptor of the dissolution data. Internal predictions were based on the data of 24 products. External predictions used the 24 product data to test four products not used in the training phase. The predictive performances of the two techniques were evaluated using bias (mean prediction error; MPE) and precision (mean absolute error; MAE). The study results suggested that, for the studied data set, NN is a superior internal and external predictor to MLR. The artificial NN predicted order of the formulation composition variables, influencing the dissolution parameters as follows: hydrogenated oil > microcrystallinecellulose > ethyl cellulose > eudragit > hydroxypropylcellulose > coat > hydroxypropylmethyl-cellulose > Speed. JF - Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy AU - Sathe, P M AU - Venitz, J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 349 EP - 355 VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 0363-9045, 0363-9045 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Oil KW - Neural networks KW - Cellulose KW - Diltiazem KW - Tablets KW - Dissolution KW - Drug development KW - W4 340:Neurocomputing & Neural Networks KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17426759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Development+and+Industrial+Pharmacy&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Neural+Network+and+Multiple+Linear+Regression+as+Dissolution+Predictors&rft.au=Sathe%2C+P+M%3BVenitz%2C+J&rft.aulast=Sathe&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=349&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Development+and+Industrial+Pharmacy&rft.issn=03639045&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FDDC-120018209 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dissolution; Diltiazem; Neural networks; Tablets; Cellulose; Oil; Drug development DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/DDC-120018209 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adjustable Silicone Gastric Banding Adverse Events Reported to the Food and Drug Administration AN - 17269801; 5854948 AB - A silicone adjustable gastric banding system was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June, 2001. The purpose of this report is to review and characterize the reports on silicone adjustable gastric banding systems received by the FDA through August 8, 2002. We also review medical literature on adverse events with silicone adjustable gastric banding systems. Manufacturers of regulated medical devices, such as adjustable silicone gastric bands, are required to report adverse events, including deaths and serious injuries, to the FDA. We reviewed all such reports received by the FDA through August 8, 2002, for adjustable silicone gastric bands and summarize the data by type of adverse event, reported device problems, and reported patient problems. The FDA received 556 reports of adverse events related to the use of adjustable silicone gastric bands. Two of these reports were for deaths, one during surgery and the other as a result of an erosion of the gastric band into the stomach 9 weeks after implantation. Forty-four reports were for injuries including band erosions, slippage, and infection. The most common type of report (499) was for device malfunction, and of these, 485 (97.2%) described a leak at or near the port. Of the 485 leaks reported as malfunctions, 99.4% were treated surgically. The majority of reports were related to disconnection, breakage, and leakage at or near the access port. Physicians and potential patients should be aware of these problems and recognize the possibility that additional surgery(ies) may be required for leaking access port/connections. The loose connection may cause pain and the device no longer performs as intended when there is a leak. JF - Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants AU - Brown, S L AU - Reid, M H AU - Duggirala, HJ AD - Division of Postmarket Surveillance, Office of Surveillance and Biometrics, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 1350 Piccard Drive, HFZ-541, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, syb@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2003 PY - 2003 DA - 2003 SP - 509 EP - 517 VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 1050-6934, 1050-6934 KW - FDA KW - gastric banding KW - infection KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Data collection KW - USA KW - Injuries KW - Side effects KW - H 13000:Medical Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17269801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Long-Term+Effects+of+Medical+Implants&rft.atitle=Adjustable+Silicone+Gastric+Banding+Adverse+Events+Reported+to+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+L%3BReid%2C+M+H%3BDuggirala%2C+HJ&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=509&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Long-Term+Effects+of+Medical+Implants&rft.issn=10506934&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Data collection; Side effects; Mortality; Injuries ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Addictive potential of cannabinoids: the underlying neurobiology. AN - 72806894; 12505706 AB - Drugs that are addictive in humans have a number of commonalities in animal model systems-(1). they enhance electrical brain-stimulation reward in the core meso-accumbens reward circuitry of the brain, a circuit encompassing that portion of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) which links the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the mesencephalic midbrain with the nucleus accumbens (Acb) of the ventral limbic forebrain; (2). they enhance neural firing of a core dopamine (DA) component of this meso-accumbens reward circuit; (3). they enhance DA tone in this reward-relevant meso-accumbens DA circuit, with resultant enhancement of extracellular Acb DA; (4). they produce conditioned place preference (CPP), a behavioral model of incentive motivation; (5). they are self-administered; and (6). they trigger reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior in animals behaviorally extinguished from intravenous drug self-administration behavior and, perforce, pharmacologically detoxified from their self-administered drug. Cannabinoids were long considered 'anomalous', in that they were believed to not interact with these brain reward processes or support drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior in these animal model systems. However, it is now clear-from the published data of several research groups over the last 15 years-that this view of cannabinoid action on brain reward processes and reward-related behaviors is untenable. This paper reviews those data, and concludes that cannabinoids act on brain reward processes and reward-related behaviors in strikingly similar fashion to other addictive drugs. JF - Chemistry and physics of lipids AU - Gardner, Eliot L AD - National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Building C, Room 272, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 20850, USA. egardner@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2002/12/31/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 31 SP - 267 EP - 290 VL - 121 IS - 1-2 SN - 0009-3084, 0009-3084 KW - Cannabinoids KW - 0 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Behavior, Addictive KW - Reward KW - Humans KW - Dopamine -- physiology KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- metabolism KW - Ventral Tegmental Area -- metabolism KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Cannabinoids -- adverse effects KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- etiology KW - Cannabinoids -- pharmacology KW - Brain -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72806894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemistry+and+physics+of+lipids&rft.atitle=Addictive+potential+of+cannabinoids%3A+the+underlying+neurobiology.&rft.au=Gardner%2C+Eliot+L&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=Eliot&rft.date=2002-12-31&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemistry+and+physics+of+lipids&rft.issn=00093084&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-22 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proto-oncogene amplification and overexpression in cadmium-induced cell transformation. AN - 72809439; 12515591 AB - Cadmium (Cd) is an essential material used in the battery, metal-coating, and alloy industries. In addition to these industrial uses, it is also a component of cigarette smoke. Therefore, exposure to cadmium is widespread and presents a considerable health concern. Cadmium is known to be a carcinogen; however, the possible mechanism of carcinogenesis with regards to the activation and inactivation of cancer-related genes has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, amplification, expression, and point mutation of cancer-related genes associated with Cd-induced cell transformation in BALB/c-3T3 cells were studied. Six proto-oncogenes (K-ras, c-myc, c-fos, c-jun, c-sis, and erbB), as well as the p53 tumor suppressor, were investigated for gene amplification using differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR), while the expression of the proteins produced by these genes was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Point mutations in K-ras and p53 were studied by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing. There were no point mutations observed in codons 12, 13, and 61 of K-ras or in exons 4-10 of p53 and no observed differences in the levels of any of the proteins studied. Among 10 Cd-induced transformed cell lines, significant gene amplification was found for c-myc and c-jun in 50% and 80% of the cell lines, respectively. Chromosome painting was performed to confirm that this amplification was not simply due to additional copies of the chromosomes carrying these oncogenes. In addition, reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to confirm increased expression of c-myc and c-jun. These results suggest that cell transformation induced by Cd may be attributed, at least in part, to gene amplification of c-myc and c-jun and that some of the Cd-transformed cells may possess neoplastic potential resulting from genomic instability. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Spruill, M D AU - Song, B AU - Whong, W-Z AU - Ong, T AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 2002/12/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 27 SP - 2131 EP - 2144 VL - 65 IS - 24 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - DNA -- biosynthesis KW - RNA -- biosynthesis KW - Chromosome Painting KW - DNA -- isolation & purification KW - Blotting, Western KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - RNA -- isolation & purification KW - Electrophoresis, Agar Gel KW - Genes, jun -- drug effects KW - Genes, myc -- drug effects KW - Mutation KW - Gene Expression -- drug effects KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Cadmium -- toxicity KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72809439?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Proto-oncogene+amplification+and+overexpression+in+cadmium-induced+cell+transformation.&rft.au=Spruill%2C+M+D%3BSong%2C+B%3BWhong%2C+W-Z%3BOng%2C+T&rft.aulast=Spruill&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-27&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=2131&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Current developments in food additive toxicology in the USA. AN - 72802769; 12505345 AB - A recently published proposal (Fed. Reg. 66 (2001) 4706) for mandatory submission of information on all plant-derived bioengineered foods fed to humans or animals will be reviewed. Under this proposal, information such as data on identity, level and function of the introduced substance(s); an estimate of dietary exposure; allergenic potential of the protein; data relevant to other safety issues that may be associated with the substance; selection of a comparable food; historic uses of comparable food; composition and characteristics of bioengineered food versus those of the comparable food should be provided. In addition, characterization of the parent plant; construction of the transformation vector and introduced genetic material along with number of insertion sites and genes; data on the genetic material and any newly inserted genes for antibiotic resistance should be submitted with the notification. The Interagency Coordinating Committee for Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) was identified by the U.S. Congress as the organization to review and validate new alternative toxicological test methods for 14 U.S. government agencies. Validated and accepted alternative toxicity tests will be incorporated into toxicity testing recommendations for regulatory agencies. JF - Toxicology AU - Hattan, David G AU - Kahl, Linda S AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 200 C. St., S.W., Washington, DC 20204, USA. dhattan@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 27 SP - 417 EP - 420 VL - 181-182 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Food Additives KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Food Additives -- toxicity KW - Legislation, Food UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72802769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Current+developments+in+food+additive+toxicology+in+the+USA.&rft.au=Hattan%2C+David+G%3BKahl%2C+Linda+S&rft.aulast=Hattan&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-12-27&rft.volume=181-182&rft.issue=&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel markers of susceptibility to carcinogens in diet: associations with colorectal cancer. AN - 72798321; 12505289 AB - Red meats cooked at high temperatures generate mutagenic heterocyclic amines, which undergo metabolic activation by hepatic cytochrome P450 1A2 and N-acetyltransferase-2. A primary detoxification pathway involves glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1), which catalyzes the reduction of the carcinogenic N-acetoxy derivative back to the parent amine. Recently, we described a polymorphism in the GSTA1 proximal promoter; the variant (GSTA1*B) allele significantly lowers enzyme expression. In a case-control study, GSTA1*B/*B genotype was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, particularly among consumers of well-done meat. Dietary nitrosamines, which are bioactivated by CYP2A6, represent another potential etiologic factor for colorectal cancer. CYP2A6 converts the caffeine metabolite 1,7-dimethylxanthine (17X) to 1,7-dimethyluric acid (17U); we investigated CYP2A6 activity using the 17U/17X urinary metabolite ratio from case-control subjects who completed a caffeine phenotype assay. The distribution of CYP2A6 activity was significantly different between CRCa cases and controls, with subjects in the medium and high activity groups having an increased risk (P for trend=0.001). GSTA1 genotype and CYP2A6 phenotype should be evaluated as markers of susceptibility to dietary carcinogens in future studies. JF - Toxicology AU - Sweeney, Carol AU - Coles, Brian F AU - Nowell, Susan AU - Lang, Nicholas P AU - Kadlubar, Fred F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2002/12/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 27 SP - 83 EP - 87 VL - 181-182 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Biomarkers KW - Carcinogens KW - Carrier Proteins KW - GstA protein, bacteria KW - Nitrosamines KW - Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - CYP2A6 protein, human KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6 KW - GSTA1 protein, human KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - Index Medicus KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Humans KW - DNA -- analysis KW - Nitrosamines -- analysis KW - Risk Assessment KW - Phenotype KW - Genotype KW - Lymphocytes -- chemistry KW - DNA -- genetics KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic -- genetics KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases -- genetics KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- genetics KW - Meat -- adverse effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Diet -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72798321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Novel+markers+of+susceptibility+to+carcinogens+in+diet%3A+associations+with+colorectal+cancer.&rft.au=Sweeney%2C+Carol%3BColes%2C+Brian+F%3BNowell%2C+Susan%3BLang%2C+Nicholas+P%3BKadlubar%2C+Fred+F&rft.aulast=Sweeney&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft.date=2002-12-27&rft.volume=181-182&rft.issue=&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-28 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulation and quality control of herbal drugs in Korea AN - 18664110; 5567691 AB - Korea has a great diversity in resources of medicinal plants. The traditional herbal medicines and their preparations have been widely used in Korea as well as in China and Japan for thousands of years. One of the characteristics of Korean herbal medicine preparations is that all the herbal medicines are incorporated into an extractor at the same time and extracted with boiling water during the decoction process. In this process, a variety of interactions between the active components of several herbal medicines may occur. This is the main reason why quality control of oriental herbal drug is more difficult than that of western herbal drug. In this paper, we would like to present an overview of the characteristics of regulation and quality control of herbal medicines in Korea. JF - Toxicology AU - Choi, D W AU - Kim, J H AU - Cho, SY AU - Kim, D H AU - Chang, SY AD - Department of Herbal Medicines Evaluation, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, 122-704, South Korea, cdwkje@hanmail.net Y1 - 2002/12/27/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 27 SP - 581 EP - 586 VL - 181-182 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - drug safety KW - herbal medicines KW - plant extracts KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24172:Plants KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18664110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Regulation+and+quality+control+of+herbal+drugs+in+Korea&rft.au=Choi%2C+D+W%3BKim%2C+J+H%3BCho%2C+SY%3BKim%2C+D+H%3BChang%2C+SY&rft.aulast=Choi&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-12-27&rft.volume=181-182&rft.issue=&rft.spage=581&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Parvalbumin neuron circuits and microglia in three dopamine-poor cortical regions remain sensitive to amphetamine exposure in the absence of hyperthermia, seizure and stroke AN - 18642947; 5546018 AB - The dopamine-releasing and depleting substance amphetamine (AMPH) can make cortical neurons susceptible to damage, and the prevention of hyperthermia, seizures and stroke is thought to block these effects. Here we report a 2-day AMPH treatment paradigm which affected only interneurons in three cortical regions with average or below-average dopamine input. AMPH (six escalating doses/day ranging from 5 to 30 mg/kg for 2 days) was given at 17-18 degree C ambient temperature (T) to adult male rats. During the 2-day AMPH treatment, peak body T stayed below 38.9 degree C in 40% of the AMPH treated rats. In 60% of the rats, deliberate cooling suppressed (39.5 degree C) or minimized (40.0 degree C) hyperthermia. Escalation of stereotypes to seizure-like behaviors was rare and post-mortem morphological signs of stroke were absent. Neurons labeled with the anionic, neurodegeneration-marker dye Fluoro-Jade (F-J) were seen 1 day after dosing, peaked 3 days later, but were barely detectable 14 days after dosing. Only nonpyramidal neurons in layer IV of the somatosensory barrel cortex and in layer II of the piriform cortex and posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus were labeled with Fluoro-Jade. Isolectin B-labeled activated microglia were only detected in their neighborhood. F-J labeled neurons were extremely rare in cortical regions rich in dopamine (e.g. cingulate cortex), and were absent in cortical regions with no dopamine (e.g. visual cortex). Parvalbumin was seen in some Fluoro-Jade-labeled neurons and parvalbumin immunostaining in local axon plexuses intensified. This AMPH paradigm affected fewer cortical regions, and caused smaller reduction in striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity than previous 1-day AMPH regimens generating seizures or severe (above 40 degree C) hyperthermia. Correlation between peak or mean body T and the extent of neurodegeneration or microgliosis was below statistical significance. Astrogliosis (elevated levels of the astroglia-marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)) was detected in many brain regions. In the striatum and midbrain, F-J labeled neurons and activated microglia were absent, but astrogliosis, decreased TH immunolabel, and swollen TH fibers were detected. In sum, after this AMPH treatment, cortical pyramidal neurons were spared, but astrogliosis was brain-wide and some interneurons and microglia in three cortical regions with average or below-average dopamine input remained sensitive to AMPH exposure. JF - Brain Research AU - Jakab, R L AU - Bowyer, J F AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, HFT-132, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA, jbowyer@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/20/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 20 SP - 52 EP - 69 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 958 IS - 1 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - N3 11106:Neurobiology of drug abuse KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18642947?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research&rft.atitle=Parvalbumin+neuron+circuits+and+microglia+in+three+dopamine-poor+cortical+regions+remain+sensitive+to+amphetamine+exposure+in+the+absence+of+hyperthermia%2C+seizure+and+stroke&rft.au=Jakab%2C+R+L%3BBowyer%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Jakab&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-12-20&rft.volume=958&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=52&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+Research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Zinc potentiates 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine induced dopamine depletion in caudate nucleus of mice brain. AN - 72723451; 12457734 AB - Present study describes the effect of zinc (Zn) on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced dopamine depletion in mice brain. MPTP is a known neurotoxicant primarily causing marked depletion of dopamine (DA) levels in nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Adult Male C57-mice were intraperitonially injected with 25 mg/kg MPTP in the presence or absence of zinc acetate. Twenty-four hours after treatment animals were sacrificed and DA levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography in caudate nucleus of control and treated mice. The results showed that there was a marked depletion of DA in MPTP treated mice, whereas no change was observed in DA levels in mice treated with Zn when compare to controls. Interestingly, mice receiving MPTP in conjunction with Zn showed significantly lower DA levels in brain when compare to animals receiving MPTP alone. In summary the data suggest that Zn treatment potentiates depletion of dopamine in MPTP treated mice. JF - Neuroscience letters AU - Hussain, Saber AU - Ali, Syed F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. saber.hussain@wpafb.af.mil Y1 - 2002/12/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 19 SP - 25 EP - 28 VL - 335 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3940, 0304-3940 KW - Zinc Compounds KW - 0 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - MPTP Poisoning KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Substantia Nigra -- drug effects KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Drug Synergism KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Caudate Nucleus -- metabolism KW - Zinc Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Caudate Nucleus -- drug effects KW - Zinc Compounds -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72723451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience+letters&rft.atitle=Zinc+potentiates+1-methyl-4-phenyl-1%2C2%2C3%2C6-tetrahydropyridine+induced+dopamine+depletion+in+caudate+nucleus+of+mice+brain.&rft.au=Hussain%2C+Saber%3BAli%2C+Syed+F&rft.aulast=Hussain&rft.aufirst=Saber&rft.date=2002-12-19&rft.volume=335&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=25&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroscience+letters&rft.issn=03043940&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the toxicity of several fumonisin derivatives in a 28-day feeding study with female B6C3F(1) mice. AN - 72792105; 12498732 AB - Fumonisinmycotoxins are produced by Fusaria fungi that grow worldwide primarily on corn. Fumonisin B(1), the most predominant form in corn samples, is a renal carcinogen in male F344/N rats and a hepatocarcinogen in female B6C3F(1) mice when fed at concentrations higher than 50 ppm (70 micromol/kg) in the diet for 2 years. We sought to determine the relative toxicities of several naturally occurring fumonisin derivatives when included in the diet of female B6C3F(1) mice. Mice were fed diets containing fumonisin B(1), fumonisin B(2), fumonisin B(3), fumonisin P1, hydrolyzed-fumonisin B(1), N-(acetyl)fumonisin B(1), or N-(carboxymethyl)fumonisin B(1) (approximately 0, 14, 70, and 140 micromol/kg diet) for 28 days. None of the doses used caused a decrease in body weight gain over the 28 days. Serum levels of total bile acids, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase were increased only in mice receiving 72 and 143 micromol/kg fumonisin B(1), suggesting that only fumonisin B(1) was hepatotoxic in the mice. Corroborating this observation, the liver weight, relative to body weight, was decreased only in the mice that consumed 143 micromol/kg fumonisin B(1). Consistent with fumonisin B(1) inhibition of ceramide synthase, the liver sphinganine-to-sphingosine ratio was increased and the liver ceramide levels were decreased only in the mice receiving 72 and 143 micromol/kg fumonisin B(1). Increased hepatocellular apoptosis, hepatocellular hypertrophy, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, and macrophage pigmentation were detected in the mice consuming 72 and 143 micromol/kg fumonisin B(1). The other fumonisin derivatives did not alter serum analytes, organ weights, or hepatic structure. These results suggest that, of the naturally occurring fumonisins, fumonisin B(1) is the principal hepatotoxic derivative in the B6C3F(1) mouse. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Howard, Paul C AU - Couch, Letha H AU - Patton, Ralph E AU - Eppley, Robert M AU - Doerge, Daniel R AU - Churchwell, Mona I AU - Marques, M Matilde AU - Okerberg, Carlin V AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Phoward@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 15 SP - 153 EP - 165 VL - 185 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Bile Acids and Salts KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Ceramides KW - Fumonisins KW - fumonisin B2 KW - 116355-84-1 KW - fumonisin B3 KW - 136379-59-4 KW - fumonisin B1 KW - 3ZZM97XZ32 KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Alkaline Phosphatase KW - EC 3.1.3.1 KW - Sphingosine KW - NGZ37HRE42 KW - safingol KW - OWA98U788S KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Blood Chemical Analysis KW - Proteinuria -- metabolism KW - Ceramides -- metabolism KW - Alkaline Phosphatase -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Bile Acids and Salts -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Cholesterol -- blood KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Diet KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Sphingosine -- metabolism KW - Fumonisins -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Sphingosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Fumonisins -- chemistry KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72792105?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+toxicity+of+several+fumonisin+derivatives+in+a+28-day+feeding+study+with+female+B6C3F%281%29+mice.&rft.au=Howard%2C+Paul+C%3BCouch%2C+Letha+H%3BPatton%2C+Ralph+E%3BEppley%2C+Robert+M%3BDoerge%2C+Daniel+R%3BChurchwell%2C+Mona+I%3BMarques%2C+M+Matilde%3BOkerberg%2C+Carlin+V&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2002-12-15&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - IL-13 receptor-targeted cytotoxin cancer therapy leads to complete eradication of tumors with the aid of phagocytic cells in nude mice model of human cancer. AN - 72755585; 12471149 AB - Tumor-directed therapeutic approaches require unique or overexpressed specific Ag or receptor as a target to achieve selective tumor killing. However, heterogeneous expression of these targets on tumor cells limits the efficacy of this form of therapy. In this study, we forced abundant expression of IL-13Ralpha2 chain by plasmid-mediated gene transfer in head and neck, as well as prostate tumors to provide a potential target. This was followed by successfully treating xenograft tumor-bearing nude mice with IL-13R-directed cytotoxin (IL13-PE38QQR). Although we did not observe an indirect cytotoxic bystander effect conveyed to nontransduced tumor cells in vitro, our approach in vivo led to a complete regression of established tumors transfected with IL-13Ralpha2 chain in most animals. We found that the tumor eradication was achieved in part by infiltration of macrophages and NK cells, assessed by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, head and neck tumors xenografted in macrophage-depleted nude mice were less sensitive to the antitumor effect of IL-13 cytotoxin. Because we did not observe vector-related toxicity in any vital organs, our novel combination strategy of gene transfer of IL-13Ralpha2 chain and receptor-directed cytotoxin therapy may be a useful approach for the treatment of localized cancer. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2002/12/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 15 SP - 7119 EP - 7126 VL - 169 IS - 12 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Exotoxins KW - IL13RA1 protein, human KW - Il13ra1 protein, mouse KW - Interleukin-13 KW - Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit KW - Receptors, Interleukin KW - Receptors, Interleukin-13 KW - hIL-13-PE38QQR KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Genetic Vectors -- administration & dosage KW - Plasmids -- biosynthesis KW - Genetic Vectors -- biosynthesis KW - Injections, Intralesional KW - Macrophages -- immunology KW - Humans KW - Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating -- pathology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice, Nude KW - Cytotoxicity, Immunologic -- genetics KW - Mice KW - Neoplasm Transplantation KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Transfection KW - Plasmids -- administration & dosage KW - Male KW - Gene Transfer Techniques KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- therapeutic use KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- genetics KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- biosynthesis KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- immunology KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- therapy KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- immunology KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- administration & dosage KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- immunology KW - Exotoxins -- genetics KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- immunology KW - Phagocytes -- pathology KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa -- genetics KW - Phagocytes -- immunology KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Interleukin-13 -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- toxicity KW - Exotoxins -- toxicity KW - Exotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- therapy KW - Interleukin-13 -- genetics KW - Interleukin-13 -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72755585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=IL-13+receptor-targeted+cytotoxin+cancer+therapy+leads+to+complete+eradication+of+tumors+with+the+aid+of+phagocytic+cells+in+nude+mice+model+of+human+cancer.&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+Koji%3BKawakami%2C+Mariko%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=Koji&rft.date=2002-12-15&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=7119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adult blood lead epidemiology and surveillance--United States, 1998-2001. AN - 72819403; 12528812 AB - Elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in adults can damage the cardiovascular, central nervous, reproductive, hematologic, and renal systems. The majority of cases are workplace-related. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends that BLLs among all adults be reduced to < 25 microg/dL. The highest BLL acceptable by standards of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration is 40 microg/dL. The mean BLL of adults in the United States is < 3 microg/dL. This report covers cases of adults (aged > or = 16 years) with BLLs > or = 25 microg/dL, as reported by 25 states during 1998-2001. Since 1987, CDC has sponsored the state-based Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance (ABLES) program to track cases of elevated BLLs and provide intervention consultation and other assistance. Overall ABLES program data were last published in 1999 for the years 1994-1997. This report provides an update with data from 25 states reporting for > or = 2 years during 1998-2001. During that period, the ABLES program funded surveillance in 21 states - Alabama, Arizona, Connecticut, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Four additional states - California, Nebraska, New Hampshire, and Utah contributed data without CDC funding. During 1998-2001, the overall program's annual mean state prevalence rate for adults with BLLs > or = 25 microg/dL was 13.4/100,000 employed adults. This compares with 15.2/100,000 for 1994-1997. Yearly rates were 13.8 (1998), 12.9 (1999), 14.3 (2000), and 12.5 (2001). For adults with BLLs > or = 40 microg/dL, the overall program's annual mean state prevalence rare during 1998-2001 was 2.9/ 100,000 employed adults. This compares with 3.9/100,000 for 1994-1997. Yearly rates were 3.3 (1998), 2.5 (1999), 2.9 (2000), and 2.8 (2001). Although certain limitations exist, the overall ABLES data indicate a declining trend in elevated BLLs among employed adults. ABLES-funded states increased from 21 to 35 in 2002, and more detailed reporting requirements were put into effect. These, and other improvements, will enable the ABLES program to work more effectively toward its 2010 target of eliminating all cases of BLLs > or = 25 microg/dL in adults caused by workplace exposures. JF - Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) AU - Roscoe, Robert J AU - Ball, Wayne AU - Curran, John J AU - DeLaurier, Carol AU - Falken, Myron C AU - Fitchett, Rose AU - Fleissner, Mary Lou AU - Fletcher, Amy E AU - Garman, Susan J AU - Gergely, Rita M AU - Gerwel, Barbara T AU - Gostin, Judith E AU - Keyvan-Larijani, Ezatollah AU - Leiker, Richard D AU - Lofgren, J P AU - Nelson, Deborah R AU - Payne, Susan F AU - Rabin, Richard A AU - Salzman, Diana L AU - Schaller, Kristina E AU - Sims, Amy S AU - Smith, Joshua D AU - Socie, Edward M AU - Stoeckel, Marie AU - Stone, Robert R AU - Whittaker, Stephen G AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 2002/12/13/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 13 SP - 1 EP - 10 VL - 51 IS - 11 SN - 1546-0738, 1546-0738 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Environmental Exposure KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- blood KW - Population Surveillance KW - Lead Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Lead Poisoning -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72819403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.atitle=Adult+blood+lead+epidemiology+and+surveillance--United+States%2C+1998-2001.&rft.au=Roscoe%2C+Robert+J%3BBall%2C+Wayne%3BCurran%2C+John+J%3BDeLaurier%2C+Carol%3BFalken%2C+Myron+C%3BFitchett%2C+Rose%3BFleissner%2C+Mary+Lou%3BFletcher%2C+Amy+E%3BGarman%2C+Susan+J%3BGergely%2C+Rita+M%3BGerwel%2C+Barbara+T%3BGostin%2C+Judith+E%3BKeyvan-Larijani%2C+Ezatollah%3BLeiker%2C+Richard+D%3BLofgren%2C+J+P%3BNelson%2C+Deborah+R%3BPayne%2C+Susan+F%3BRabin%2C+Richard+A%3BSalzman%2C+Diana+L%3BSchaller%2C+Kristina+E%3BSims%2C+Amy+S%3BSmith%2C+Joshua+D%3BSocie%2C+Edward+M%3BStoeckel%2C+Marie%3BStone%2C+Robert+R%3BWhittaker%2C+Stephen+G&rft.aulast=Roscoe&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-12-13&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Surveillance+summaries+%28Washington%2C+D.C.+%3A+2002%29&rft.issn=15460738&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tetracycline-Regulated Gene Expression in Replication-Incompetent Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors AN - 18659409; 5561726 AB - Although herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors appear to have great potential as gene delivery vectors both in vitro and in vivo, the expression of foreign genes in such vectors cannot be easily regulated. Of the known eukaryotic regulatory systems, the tetracycline-inducible gene expression system is perhaps the most widely used because of its induction characteristics and because of the well-known pharmacological properties of tetracycline (Tet) and analogs such as doxycycline. Here, we describe the adaptation of the Tet-inducible system for use in replication-incompetent HSV vectors. HSV vectors were constructed that containee several types of Tet-inducible promoters for foreign gene expression. These promoters contained a tetracycline response element (TRE) linked to either a minimal cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate-early promoter, a minimal HSV ICP0 promoter, or a truncated HSV ICP0 promoter containing one copy of the HSV TAATGARAT cis-acting immediate-early regulatory element (where R represents a prime base). All three promoter constructs were regulated appropriately by doxycycline, as shown by the expression of the marker gene lacZ in cell lines engineered to express Tet transactivators. The ICP0 promoter constructs expressed the highest and most sustained levels of lacZ, but the CMV promoter construct had the highest relative level of induction, suggesting their use in different applications. To extend the utility of Tet-regulated HSV vectors, vectors were constructed that coexpressed an inducible Tet transactivator in addition to the inducible lacZ marker gene. This modification resulted in tetracycline-inducible gene expression that was not restricted to specific cell lines, and this vector was capable of inducible expression in irreversibly differentiated NT2 cells (NT-neurons) for several days. Finally, HSV vectors were constructed that expressed modified Tet transactivators, resulting in improved induction properties and indicating the flexibility of the Tet-regulated system for regulation of foreign gene expression in HSV vector-infected cells. JF - Human Gene Therapy AU - Schmeisser, F AU - Donohue, M AU - Weir, J P AD - Division of Viral Products, HFM-457, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, weirj@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12/10/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 10 SP - 2113 EP - 2124 VL - 13 IS - 18 SN - 1043-0342, 1043-0342 KW - HSV KW - gene expression KW - man KW - tetracycline response element KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - N 14682:Cloning vectors KW - W3 33181:Gene therapy vectors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18659409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=Tetracycline-Regulated+Gene+Expression+in+Replication-Incompetent+Herpes+Simplex+Virus+Vectors&rft.au=Schmeisser%2C+F%3BDonohue%2C+M%3BWeir%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Schmeisser&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2002-12-10&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=2113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=10430342&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Labeling of diphenhydramine-containing drug products for over-the-counter human use. Final rule. AN - 72760649; 12474879 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule amending the final monographs for over-the-counter (OTC) antiemetic, antihistamine, antitussive, and nighttime sleep-aid drug products to add a warning statement for oral products containing diphenhydramine citrate or diphenhydramine hydrochloride. The warning advises consumers not to use oral OTC diphenhydramine products with any other product containing diphenhydramine, including products used topically. This final rule also includes the agency's conclusions on additional warning statements and a direction statement for OTC external analgesic drug products containing diphenhydramine hydrochloride. These conclusions will be incorporated into the final monograph for OTC external analgesic drug products in a future issue of the Federal Register. FDA is issuing this final rule after considering public comments on the agency's proposed regulation and all new data and information on drug products containing diphenhydramine that have come to the agency's attention JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2002/12/02/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 02 SP - 72555 EP - 72559 VL - 67 IS - 235 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Analgesics KW - 0 KW - Antiemetics KW - Antitussive Agents KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - Diphenhydramine KW - 8GTS82S83M KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Antitussive Agents -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists -- administration & dosage KW - Antitussive Agents -- adverse effects KW - Analgesics -- adverse effects KW - Antiemetics -- administration & dosage KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- adverse effects KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- therapeutic use KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- toxicity KW - Analgesics -- toxicity KW - Administration, Topical KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists -- therapeutic use KW - Measles -- drug therapy KW - Antiemetics -- therapeutic use KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- therapeutic use KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists -- adverse effects KW - Antitussive Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Antiemetics -- toxicity KW - Antiemetics -- adverse effects KW - Chickenpox -- drug therapy KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- toxicity KW - Sunburn -- drug therapy KW - Dermatitis, Toxicodendron -- drug therapy KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- administration & dosage KW - Consumer Product Safety -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Histamine H1 Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- adverse effects KW - Analgesics -- administration & dosage KW - Analgesics -- therapeutic use KW - Antitussive Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Diphenhydramine -- toxicity KW - Diphenhydramine -- administration & dosage KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Diphenhydramine -- therapeutic use KW - Diphenhydramine -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72760649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Labeling+of+diphenhydramine-containing+drug+products+for+over-the-counter+human+use.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2002-12-02&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=235&rft.spage=72555&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical applications of microarray technologies: a regulatory science perspective AN - 864951639; 13746521 AB - The potential medical applications of microarrays have generated much excitement, and some skepticism, within the biomedical community. Some researchers have suggested that within the decade microarrays will be routinely used in the selection, assessment, and quality control of the best drugs for pharmaceutical development, as well as for disease diagnosis and for monitoring desired and adverse outcomes of therapeutic interventions. Realizing this potential will be a challenge for the whole scientific community, as breakthroughs that show great promise at the bench often fail to meet the requirements of clinicians and regulatory scientists. The development of a cooperative framework among regulators, product sponsors, and technology experts will be essential for realizing the revolutionary promise that microarrays hold for drug development, regulatory science, medical practice and public health. JF - Nature Genetics AU - Petricoin, Emanuel F AU - Hackett, Joseph L AU - Lesko, Lawrence J AU - Puri, Raj K AU - Gutman, Steven I AU - Chumakov, Konstantin AU - Woodcock, Janet AU - Feigal, David W AU - Zoon, Kathryn C AU - Sistare, Frank D AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Office of Testing and Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 474 EP - 479 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW United Kingdom VL - 32 Suppl 2 IS - Supp SN - 1061-4036, 1061-4036 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - Therapeutic applications KW - Drug development KW - Public health KW - Genetics KW - intervention KW - Quality control KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Drugs KW - cooperatives KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle KW - N 14810:Methods KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/864951639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Genetics&rft.atitle=Medical+applications+of+microarray+technologies%3A+a+regulatory+science+perspective&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+Emanuel+F%3BHackett%2C+Joseph+L%3BLesko%2C+Lawrence+J%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K%3BGutman%2C+Steven+I%3BChumakov%2C+Konstantin%3BWoodcock%2C+Janet%3BFeigal%2C+David+W%3BZoon%2C+Kathryn+C%3BSistare%2C+Frank+D&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=32+Suppl+2&rft.issue=Supp&rft.spage=474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Genetics&rft.issn=10614036&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fng1029 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-02-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Quality control; Therapeutic applications; Pharmaceuticals; Drug development; Public health; Genetics; intervention; cooperatives; Drugs; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1029 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improving the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) for the gastrointestinal tract by esterification--an in vitro study. AN - 72875981; 12699251 AB - Possible approaches to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) are the esterification of ALA for enhanced uptake and the choice of wavelength for irradiation. The human colonic cell lines HT29 [G2] and CCD18 (fibroblasts) were incubated with 0.6 mM ALA, ALA-hexylester or -benzylester respectively, and for further assays with hypotaurine, in addition. PPIX-accumulation was analyzed by flow cytometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. PPIX formation kinetics were continuously recorded. Incubated cells were irradiated with an incoherent light source lambda = 400-700 nm or lambda = 590-700 nm, respectively. After PDT treatment, clonogenicity assays were performed to determine cell viability. Esterification leads to increased PPIX-accumulation, decreased time for production of detectable amounts of PPIX as well as increased response to PDT. Tumor specificity is always maintained or exceeds values for ALA alone. ALA enters the cells via beta transporter whereas esters by passive diffusion. Altering irradiation wavelengths showed the independence of wavelength rather than light dose. Results emphasize the role of heme metabolism for generating tumor specificity rather than the process of ALA-uptake, an important detail for future clinical application. JF - Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) AU - Krieg, R C AU - Uihlein, D AU - Murthum, T AU - Endlicher, E AU - Hausmann, F AU - Messmann, H AU - Knuechel, R AD - National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. krieg@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 917 EP - 923 VL - 48 IS - 8 SN - 0145-5680, 0145-5680 KW - Protoporphyrins KW - 0 KW - Aminolevulinic Acid KW - 88755TAZ87 KW - protoporphyrin IX KW - C2K325S808 KW - Index Medicus KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Light KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Photochemotherapy -- methods KW - Time Factors KW - Cell Line KW - Aminolevulinic Acid -- therapeutic use KW - Digestive System -- drug effects KW - Protoporphyrins -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72875981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+and+molecular+biology+%28Noisy-le-Grand%2C+France%29&rft.atitle=Improving+the+use+of+5-aminolevulinic+acid+%28ALA%29-induced+protoporphyrin+IX+%28PPIX%29+for+the+gastrointestinal+tract+by+esterification--an+in+vitro+study.&rft.au=Krieg%2C+R+C%3BUihlein%2C+D%3BMurthum%2C+T%3BEndlicher%2C+E%3BHausmann%2C+F%3BMessmann%2C+H%3BKnuechel%2C+R&rft.aulast=Krieg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=917&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+and+molecular+biology+%28Noisy-le-Grand%2C+France%29&rft.issn=01455680&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-04-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trail making test and malingering among substance abusers. AN - 72870792; 12652900 AB - The Trail Making Test (TMT) is often used for screening cognitive impairments in substance abusers. A possible limitation of the TMT in clinical settings is that substance abusers may malinger and give poor effort. In this study, previously validated cutting scores for malingering were applied to a sample of 7689 substance abusers (primary drug of abuse-number of subjects: Alcohol-1000, Marijuana-259, Hallucinogen-128, Cocaine/crack-4306, Heroin-1548, Narcotics/other opiates-191, Sedatives-72, Amphetamines-185) in drug abuse treatment programs. A mixed race sample was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). The DATOS was a naturalistic, prospective cohort study that collected data from 1991-1993 in 96 programs in 11 cites in the United States. Data were analyzed to determine the number of substance abusers that fell beyond the preset malingering cutting scores on the TMT in this very large sample of substance abusing patients in treatment settings. The TMT variables of seconds to complete Part A and Part B, and the ratio score of Part B divided by Part A (B/A), ranged from no subjects beyond the preset cutting score for Part B to 2.28% (175 of 7689 subjects) for Part A to 9.74% (749 of 7689 subjects) for the ratio score. Most substance abusers fell within preset cutting score ranges, a finding that suggests that their scores are valid. Another interpretation of the data, however, is that the cutoff scores were not particularly sensitive to biased responding. Further research is indicated. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Horton, Arthur MacNeill AU - Roberts, Charles AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockwall II Building, Suite 840, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. ahorton@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1489 EP - 1496 VL - 112 IS - 12 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Trail Making Test -- statistics & numerical data KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Malingering -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72870792?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Trail+making+test+and+malingering+among+substance+abusers.&rft.au=Horton%2C+Arthur+MacNeill%3BRoberts%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1489&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Silicosis and end-stage renal disease. AN - 72827952; 12539804 AB - The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of renal disease among workers with silicosis. A population of 1,328 workers with definite silicosis and adequate work history information, drawn from three states with silicosis surveillance systems, was followed. Renal disease was ascertained via linkage of the cohort with a United States register (which has existed since 1977) of end-stage renal disease. In the first analysis, it was assumed that the risk of end-stage renal disease began upon exposure to silica. In this analysis 12 cases of end-stage renal disease were found versus 15.6 expected, for a rate ratio of 0.77. Four cases of glomerular end-stage renal disease were found (standardized incidence ratio 2.65, 95% confidence interval 0.56-5.25). It is possible that some persons with end-stage renal disease died before being entered into the silicosis registers. In a second analysis, person-time at risk was assumed to begin at the date of entry into the silicosis register. A rate ratio of 1.67 (95% confidence interval 0.76-3.17) was found for end-stage renal disease on the basis of nine observed cases. The results do not clearly show that patients with silicosis have an excess of end-state renal disease, although they do suggest an excess of glomerular end-stage renal disease. Analyses were limited by small numbers and possible selection biases. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Steenland, Kyle AU - Rosenman, Ken AU - Socie, Ed AU - Valiante, Dave AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. nsteenl@sph.emory.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 439 EP - 442 VL - 28 IS - 6 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Registries KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Ohio -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Incidence KW - Michigan -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Silicosis -- complications KW - Occupational Diseases -- complications KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Kidney Failure, Chronic -- epidemiology KW - Kidney Failure, Chronic -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72827952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Silicosis+and+end-stage+renal+disease.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+Kyle%3BRosenman%2C+Ken%3BSocie%2C+Ed%3BValiante%2C+Dave&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicology and carcinogenesis study of chloral hydrate (ad libitum and dietary controlled) (CAS no. 302-17-0) in male B6C3F1 mice (gavage study). AN - 72821981; 12533745 AB - [structure: see text] Chloral hydrate is used medically as a sedative or hypnotic and as a rubefacient in topical preparations, and it is often given to children as a sedative during dental and other medical procedures. Chloral hydrate is used as a central nervous system depressant and sedative in veterinary medicine and as a general anesthetic in cattle and horses. It is a byproduct of the chlorination of water and has been detected in plant effluent after the bleaching of softwood pulp. Chloral, the anhydrous form of chloral hydrate, is used as a synthetic intermediate in the production of insecticides and herbicides. Chloral hydrate was nominated for study by the Food and Drug Administration based upon widespread human exposure and its potential hepatotoxicity and the toxicity of related chemicals. A dietary control component was incorporated in response to concerns within the regulatory community relating to increased background neoplasm incidences in rodent strains used for toxicity testing and to the proposed use of dietary restriction to control background neoplasm incidence in rodent cancer studies. Male B6C3F1 mice (ad libitum-fed or dietary-controlled) received chloral hydrate (99% pure) by gavage for 2 years. 2-YEAR STUDY IN MALE MICE: Groups of 120 male mice received chloral hydrate in distilled water by gavage at doses of 0, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg 5 days per week for 104 to 105 weeks. Each dose group was divided into two dietary groups of 60 mice. The ad libitum-fed mice had free access to feed, and the dietary-controlled mice received feed in measured daily amounts calculated to maintain body weight on a previously computed idealized body weight curve. Twelve mice from each diet and dose group were evaluated at 15 months. Survival of dosed groups of ad libitum-fed and dietary-controlled mice was similar to that of the corresponding vehicle controls. When compared to the ad libitum-fed groups, dietary control significantly increased survival in the vehicle controls and 25 and 50 mg/kg groups. Mean body weights of all dosed groups were similar to those of the vehicle control groups throughout the study. The dietary-controlled mice were successfully maintained at or near their target idealized body weights. There was less individual variation in body weights in the dietary-controlled groups than in the corresponding ad libitum-fed groups. Feed consumption by 25 and 50 mg/kg ad libitum-fed mice was generally similar to that by the vehicle controls throughout the study. Feed consumption by 100 mg/kg ad libitum-fed mice was slightly less than that by the vehicle controls throughout the study. Chloral hydrate did not significantly induce either lauric acid 4-hydroxylase activity or CYP4A immunoreactive protein in any of the dosed groups of ad libitum-fed mice. However, 100 mg/kg did significantly induce both lauric acid 4-hydroxylase activity and CYP4A immunoreactive protein in the dietary-controlled mice. Moreover, the induction response profile of CYP4A was similar to the increase in the incidence of liver neoplasms at 2 years in the dietary-controlled mice with the major effect occurring in the 100 mg/kg group. The serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase, amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase were also assayed at 2 years. In the ad libitum-fed groups there was a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase activity in the 50 mg/kg group. There were no other significant effects in any dosed group, but in general the dietary-controlled groups exhibited lower values than the corresponding ad libitum-fed groups. The heart weight of ad libitum-fed male mice administered 100 mg/kg and the kidney weights of 50 and 100 mg/kg ad libitum-fed mice were significantly less than those of the vehicle controls at 2 years. The liver weights of all dosed groups of ad libitum-fed and dietary-controlled mice were greater than those of the vehicle control groups at 2 years, but the increases were not statistically significant. The incidence of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in ad libitum-fed mice administered 25 mg/kg was significantly greater than that in the vehicle controls at 2 years. The incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma and of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) occurred with positive trends in dietary-controlled male mice at 2 years, and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in 100 mg/kg dietary-controlled mice was significantly increased. Under the conditions used in this 2-year gavage study, there was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of chloral hydrate in male B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) in ad libitum-fed mice and on increased incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma in dietary-controlled mice. In the dietary-controlled mice, induction of enzymes associated with peroxisome proliferation was observed at higher doses. JF - National Toxicology Program technical report series AU - US Department of Health and Human Services National Toxicology Program AD - US Department of Health and Human Services National Toxicology Program Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1 EP - 218 IS - 503 SN - 0888-8051, 0888-8051 KW - Chloral Hydrate KW - 418M5916WG KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Diet KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Chloral Hydrate -- toxicity KW - Chloral Hydrate -- metabolism KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Chloral Hydrate -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72821981?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Toxicology+Program+technical+report+series&rft.atitle=Toxicology+and+carcinogenesis+study+of+chloral+hydrate+%28ad+libitum+and+dietary+controlled%29+%28CAS+no.+302-17-0%29+in+male+B6C3F1+mice+%28gavage+study%29.&rft.au=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services+National+Toxicology+Program&rft.aulast=US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services+National+Toxicology+Program&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=503&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Toxicology+Program+technical+report+series&rft.issn=08888051&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute care for alcohol intoxication. Be prepared to consider clinical dilemmas. AN - 72808589; 12510444 AB - The clinical assessment of an acutely intoxicated patient should be performed with meticulous care and include repetitive examinations to properly determine the patient's condition. Multiple factors, such as trauma and concomitant use of other drugs, can confuse the diagnostic picture and affect the choice of therapy. In this article, Dr Yost reviews the diagnostic considerations, appropriate treatment, and clinic discharge for the intoxicated patient. JF - Postgraduate medicine AU - Yost, David A AD - Whiteriver US Public Health Service Hospital, PO Box 860, Whiteriver, AZ 85941, USA. david.yost@mail.ihs.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 14 EP - 6, 21-2, 25-6 VL - 112 IS - 6 SN - 0032-5481, 0032-5481 KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Mental Disorders -- diagnosis KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Ethanol -- blood KW - Ethanol -- adverse effects KW - Ethanol -- pharmacokinetics KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- diagnosis KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- physiopathology KW - Alcoholic Intoxication -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72808589?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Postgraduate+medicine&rft.atitle=Acute+care+for+alcohol+intoxication.+Be+prepared+to+consider+clinical+dilemmas.&rft.au=Yost%2C+David+A&rft.aulast=Yost&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Postgraduate+medicine&rft.issn=00325481&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Management of occupational blood exposures. AN - 72806319; 12512661 JF - Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) AU - U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AD - U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1630 VL - 133 IS - 12 SN - 0002-8177, 0002-8177 KW - Dentistry KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Hepatitis C -- prevention & control KW - Dental Auxiliaries KW - Hepatitis B -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis C -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Dentists KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis B -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72806319?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.atitle=Management+of+occupational+blood+exposures.&rft.au=U.S.+Public+Health+Service%2C+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.aulast=U.S.+Public+Health+Service&rft.aufirst=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1630&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.issn=00028177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Updated USPHS guidelines for managing occupational exposures to HBV, HCV, and HIV and considerations for dentistry. AN - 72805629; 12512660 JF - Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) AU - U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AD - U.S. Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1627 EP - 1629 VL - 133 IS - 12 SN - 0002-8177, 0002-8177 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Dentistry KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Mandatory Reporting KW - Inservice Training KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Blood-Borne Pathogens KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Hepatitis C -- prevention & control KW - Dental Auxiliaries KW - Hepatitis B -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis C -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Occupational Exposure -- classification KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Dentists KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis B -- transmission UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72805629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.atitle=Updated+USPHS+guidelines+for+managing+occupational+exposures+to+HBV%2C+HCV%2C+and+HIV+and+considerations+for+dentistry.&rft.au=U.S.+Public+Health+Service%2C+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention&rft.aulast=U.S.+Public+Health+Service&rft.aufirst=Centers+for+Disease+Control+and&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=133&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1627&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Dental+Association+%281939%29&rft.issn=00028177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacoepidemiologic implications of erroneous varicella vaccinations in pregnancy through confusion with Varicella zoster immune globulin. AN - 72804495; 12512240 AB - A series of case reports to the varicella vaccine Pregnancy Registry described inadvertent administrations during pregnancy of this live virus product instead of the intended Varicella zoster immune globulin. Cases continued to accrue despite an early publication about the pattern. The persistent problem warrants specific educational efforts to prevent further repetitions. It also has more general implications for medical product safety surveillance. First, this problem's original detection depended on the Pregnancy Registry's open-ended collection of information about pregnancy exposures. It could have escaped recognition through surveillance limited to pre specified potential risks. This need for unrestricted reporting and human vigilance to sift through case stories has particular relevance for efforts to re-think methods to monitor gestational drug exposures. In addition, the problem's persistence despite initial publicity suggests that diligent surveillance may require continued follow-up of identified safety issues. Periodic reassessments of selected preventable problems might strengthen efforts to minimize product risks. JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety AU - Wise, Robert P AU - Braun, M Miles AU - Seward, Jane F AU - Mootrey, Gina Terracciano AU - Shields, Kristine E AU - Salive, Marcel E AU - Krause, Philip R AD - Division of Epidemiology, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA. wise@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 651 EP - 654 VL - 11 IS - 8 SN - 1053-8569, 1053-8569 KW - Chickenpox Vaccine KW - 0 KW - Immune Sera KW - varicella-zoster immune globulin KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Drug Information Services KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Medication Errors -- adverse effects KW - Immunization, Passive KW - Chickenpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Chickenpox -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72804495?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.atitle=Pharmacoepidemiologic+implications+of+erroneous+varicella+vaccinations+in+pregnancy+through+confusion+with+Varicella+zoster+immune+globulin.&rft.au=Wise%2C+Robert+P%3BBraun%2C+M+Miles%3BSeward%2C+Jane+F%3BMootrey%2C+Gina+Terracciano%3BShields%2C+Kristine+E%3BSalive%2C+Marcel+E%3BKrause%2C+Philip+R&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=651&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.issn=10538569&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ECVAM-ICCVAM: prospects for future collaboration. AN - 72804136; 12513682 AB - The level and complexity of testing for hazard and risk assessment of marketed products and environmental agents has increased substantially over time, resulting in the use of greater numbers of both animals and humans for testing. Today, industry and regulatory bodies worldwide face increasing pressures to demonstrate responsible utilisation of laboratory animals, to limit their use, and to employ alternative non-animal tests. Institutions have also been established to identify, encourage development of, conduct research on, and validate new, improved, and surrogate test methods that will reduce and replace animal use. Two such organisations are ECVAM and the Interagency Coordinating Committee for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM). As the evolutionary changes occurring in the field of toxicology result in an unprecedented increase in the introduction of alternative methodologies, these will strain the capacities of such alternative methods institutions. That realisation is causing a shift in thinking and creating an impetus to seek approaches by which to collaborate and develop more-efficient operational procedures for the validation and regulatory acceptance of alternative methods. Similarities in objectives, functions, scientific standards, and commitment to the principles of validation and animal welfare support the value of a cooperative arrangement between ECVAM and ICCVAM, to minimise duplication of effort, maximise productivity, and influence the international adoption of alternative tests. Opportunities for ECVAM-ICCVAM collaboration are discussed, which illustrate the feasibility and potential benefits of such a partnership. JF - Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA AU - Schechtman, Leonard M AU - Stokes, William S AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 227 EP - 236 VL - 30 Suppl 2 SN - 0261-1929, 0261-1929 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Public Health Service KW - European Union KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Animals, Laboratory KW - Risk Assessment KW - Animal Testing Alternatives KW - Cooperative Behavior UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72804136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alternatives+to+laboratory+animals+%3A+ATLA&rft.atitle=ECVAM-ICCVAM%3A+prospects+for+future+collaboration.&rft.au=Schechtman%2C+Leonard+M%3BStokes%2C+William+S&rft.aulast=Schechtman&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=30+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alternatives+to+laboratory+animals+%3A+ATLA&rft.issn=02611929&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Density of total and pathogenic (tdh+) Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Atlantic and Gulf coast molluscan shellfish at harvest. AN - 72794838; 12495004 AB - The densities of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in 671 samples of molluscan shellfish harvested in 1999 and 2000 from 14 sites in seven Gulf and Atlantic coast states were determined at 2-week intervals over a period of 12 to 16 months in each state. Changes in V. parahaemolyticus densities in shellfish between harvest and sample analysis were minimized with time and temperature controls. Densities were measured by direct plating techniques, and gene probes were used for identification. Total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus organisms were identified with probes for the thermolabile direct hemolysin (tlh) gene and the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene, respectively. An enrichment procedure involving 25 g of shellfish was also used for the recovery of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. The densities of V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish from all harvest sites were positively correlated with water temperature. Shellfish from the Gulf Coast typically had higher densities of V. parahaemolyticus than did shellfish harvested from the North Atlantic or mid-Atlantic coast. Vibrio parahaemolyticus counts exceeded 1,000 CFU/g for only 5% of all samples. Pathogenic (tdh+) V. parahaemolyticus was detected in approximately 6% of all samples by both procedures, and 61.5% of populations in the positive samples from the direct plating procedure were at the lower limit of detection (10 CFU/g). The frequency of detection of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus was significantly related to water temperature and to the density of total V. parahaemolyticus. The failure to detect pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in shellfish more frequently was attributed to the low numbers and uneven distribution of the organism. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Cook, David W AU - Bowers, John C AU - DePaola, Angelo AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, P.O. Box 158, One Iberville Drive, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528-0158, USA. dcook@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1873 EP - 1880 VL - 65 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Temperature KW - Food Contamination KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Seawater -- microbiology KW - Water Microbiology KW - Prevalence KW - Food Microbiology KW - Mollusca -- microbiology KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus -- growth & development KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus -- isolation & purification KW - Shellfish -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72794838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Density+of+total+and+pathogenic+%28tdh%2B%29+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+in+Atlantic+and+Gulf+coast+molluscan+shellfish+at+harvest.&rft.au=Cook%2C+David+W%3BBowers%2C+John+C%3BDePaola%2C+Angelo&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1873&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On-site measurement of blood-lead concentrations using field-portable electroanalysis. AN - 72791042; 12495592 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Taylor, Lauralynn AU - Jones, Robert L AU - Ashley, Kevin AD - CDC/NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Mail Stop R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 818 EP - 821 VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Workplace KW - Electrochemistry -- instrumentation KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Lead -- blood KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72791042?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=On-site+measurement+of+blood-lead+concentrations+using+field-portable+electroanalysis.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Lauralynn%3BJones%2C+Robert+L%3BAshley%2C+Kevin&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Lauralynn&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=818&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of silica exposure in construction: scabbling concrete. AN - 72788560; 12495590 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Echt, Alan AU - Sieber, William AU - Jones, Aaron AU - Jones, Erica AD - Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 809 EP - 813 VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Silicosis -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Construction Materials -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72788560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Control+of+silica+exposure+in+construction%3A+scabbling+concrete.&rft.au=Echt%2C+Alan%3BSieber%2C+William%3BJones%2C+Aaron%3BJones%2C+Erica&rft.aulast=Echt&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=809&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-23 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Short of complete abstinence: an analysis exploration of multiple drinking episodes in alcoholism treatment trials. AN - 72787265; 12500103 AB - In alcoholism treatment clinical trials, conventional analysis of efficacy outcomes often focuses on the time to a first event, where the event may be "any drinking", "safe (or low risk) drinking", "moderate drinking" or "heavy drinking," in addition to multiple outcomes such as frequency of drinking days, percent abstinence days, etc. We consider the multivariate failure time analytic methods. In alcoholism treatment trials, the naturalistic course of drinking behavior during treatment intervention often presents with a gradual change in drinking before the emergence of a more stable drinking or abstinence pattern. Thus, for each subject, evaluation of all drinking events, and incorporating the event times over a defined duration, may give a more comprehensive description of his/her drinking pattern. As a consequence, the efficacy of a new treatment for alcoholism may be elevated with greater statistical sensitivity. The utility of the multiple failure time method is demonstrated via a real case study for evaluation of alcoholism treatments. The multiple event time analyses showed that the risk of having "any drinking days" or "heavy drinking days" during the entire duration of the study was significantly lower with experimental treatment than with placebo. Further explorations showed that the treatment effect was primarily observed in the later relapse events and not the first event with respect to relapse to any drinking episodes. Such effect would have missed using the traditional time to first event analysis approach. The observed effect of treatment with respect to relapse to multiple heavy drinking episodes was shown not only in the first event but also in the later events. The multiple failure time approach may be applicable when 'drinking failure' is variously defined as a single drink, one at-risk drinking day, one heavy drinking day, or one alcohol-related social, occupational or medical problem. If "a drinking episode" is properly defined and the design gains statistical efficiency, the multiple event analytic strategy should provide improved statistical power to detect treatment effects. JF - Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research AU - Wang, Sue-Jane AU - Winchell, Cellia J AU - McCormick, Cynthia G AU - Nevius, S Edward AU - O'Neill, Robert T AD - Division of Biometrics II, OB/OPaSS/CDER/FDA, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. wangs@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1803 EP - 1809 VL - 26 IS - 12 SN - 0145-6008, 0145-6008 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Alcohol Drinking -- therapy KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Alcoholism -- therapy KW - Temperance -- psychology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- psychology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- epidemiology KW - Temperance -- statistics & numerical data KW - Alcoholism -- psychology KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- methods KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- statistics & numerical data KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72787265?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Alcoholism%2C+clinical+and+experimental+research&rft.atitle=Short+of+complete+abstinence%3A+an+analysis+exploration+of+multiple+drinking+episodes+in+alcoholism+treatment+trials.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Sue-Jane%3BWinchell%2C+Cellia+J%3BMcCormick%2C+Cynthia+G%3BNevius%2C+S+Edward%3BO%27Neill%2C+Robert+T&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Sue-Jane&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1803&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Alcoholism%2C+clinical+and+experimental+research&rft.issn=01456008&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-05 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protective role of Kupffer cells in acetaminophen-induced hepatic injury in mice. AN - 72770372; 12482232 AB - Hepatic injury induced by various toxic agents, including acetaminophen (APAP), has been attributed, in part, to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and other mediators by resident Kupffer cells within the liver. However, recent evidence from our laboratory has demonstrated that hepato-protective factors, such as interleukin (IL)-10 and cyclooxygenase-derived mediators, are also upregulated in response to hepatic damage to help protect against exacerbated injury, and Kupffer cells have been suggested to be a source of these modulatory factors. In other models, Kupffer cells also serve important regulatory functions in pathophysiological states of the liver. Therefore, we reevaluated the role of Kupffer cells in a murine model of APAP-induced liver injury using liposome-entrapped clodronate (liposome/clodronate) as an effective Kupffer cell-depleting agent. We show that in contrast to pretreatment of mice with a widely used macrophage inhibitor, gadolinium chloride, which did not deplete Kupffer cells but moderately protected against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity as reported previously, the intravenous injection of liposome/clodronate caused nearly complete elimination of Kupffer cells and significantly increased susceptibility to APAP-induced liver injury as compared with mice pretreated with empty liposomes. This increased susceptibility was apparently unrelated to the metabolism of APAP since liposome/clodronate pretreatment did not alter APAP-protein adduct levels. Instead, Kupffer cell depletion by liposome/clodronate led to significant decreases in the levels of hepatic mRNA expression of several hepato-regulatory cytokines and mediators, including IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 binding protein and complement 1q, suggesting that Kupffer cells are a significant source for production of these mediators in this model. Our findings indicate that, in addition to their protoxicant activities, Kupffer cells can also have an important protective function in the liver through the production of a variety of modulatory factors which may counteract inflammatory responses and/or stimulate liver regeneration. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Ju, Cynthia AU - Reilly, Timothy P AU - Bourdi, Mohammed AU - Radonovich, Michael F AU - Brady, John N AU - George, John W AU - Pohl, Lance R AD - Molecular and Cellular Toxicology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Cynthia.Ju@uchsc.edu Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1504 EP - 1513 VL - 15 IS - 12 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - Inflammation Mediators KW - Isoenzymes KW - Liposomes KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Clodronic Acid KW - 0813BZ6866 KW - Acetaminophen KW - 362O9ITL9D KW - Complement C1q KW - 80295-33-6 KW - Gadolinium KW - AU0V1LM3JT KW - Cyclooxygenase 2 KW - EC 1.14.99.1 KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases KW - Alanine Transaminase KW - EC 2.6.1.2 KW - gadolinium chloride KW - P7082WY76D KW - Index Medicus KW - Clodronic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Gadolinium -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Complement C1q -- biosynthesis KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Gene Expression KW - Mice KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Inflammation Mediators -- metabolism KW - Alanine Transaminase -- blood KW - Isoenzymes -- biosynthesis KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases -- biosynthesis KW - Female KW - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury KW - Liver Diseases -- pathology KW - Kupffer Cells -- physiology KW - Kupffer Cells -- cytology KW - Kupffer Cells -- metabolism KW - Kupffer Cells -- drug effects KW - Liver Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Acetaminophen -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72770372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Protective+role+of+Kupffer+cells+in+acetaminophen-induced+hepatic+injury+in+mice.&rft.au=Ju%2C+Cynthia%3BReilly%2C+Timothy+P%3BBourdi%2C+Mohammed%3BRadonovich%2C+Michael+F%3BBrady%2C+John+N%3BGeorge%2C+John+W%3BPohl%2C+Lance+R&rft.aulast=Ju&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1504&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-14 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tumor necrosis factor antagonist therapy and lymphoma development: twenty-six cases reported to the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 72765648; 12483718 AB - Etanercept and infliximab are tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists that have been recently approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Crohn's disease (CD). This study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of lymphoproliferative disorders in patients treated with these agents. Relevant data in the MedWatch postmarket adverse event surveillance system run by the US Food and Drug Administration were reviewed. We identified 26 cases of lymphoproliferative disorders following treatment with etanercept (18 cases) or infliximab (8 cases). The majority of cases (81%) were non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The interval between initiation of therapy with etanercept or infliximab and the development of lymphoma was very short (median 8 weeks). In 2 instances (1 infliximab, 1 etanercept), lymphoma regression was observed following discontinuation of anti-TNF treatment, in the absence of specific cytotoxic therapy directed toward the lymphoma. Although data from a case series such as this cannot establish a clear causal relationship between exposure to these medications and the risk of lymphoproliferative disease, the known predisposition of patients with RA and CD to lymphoma, the known excess of lymphoma in other immunosuppressed populations, and the known immunosuppressive effects of the anti-TNF drugs provide a biologic basis for concern and justification for the initiation of additional epidemiologic studies to formally evaluate this possible association. JF - Arthritis and rheumatism AU - Brown, S Lori AU - Greene, Mark H AU - Gershon, Sharon K AU - Edwards, Evelyne T AU - Braun, M Miles AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 3151 EP - 3158 VL - 46 IS - 12 SN - 0004-3591, 0004-3591 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antirheumatic Agents KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor KW - Infliximab KW - B72HH48FLU KW - Etanercept KW - OP401G7OJC KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Arthritis, Rheumatoid -- drug therapy KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Crohn Disease -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin -- chemically induced KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- administration & dosage KW - Adult KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - Immunoglobulin G -- administration & dosage KW - Lymphoproliferative Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Immunoglobulin G -- adverse effects KW - Antirheumatic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Antirheumatic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- adverse effects KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72765648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthritis+and+rheumatism&rft.atitle=Tumor+necrosis+factor+antagonist+therapy+and+lymphoma+development%3A+twenty-six+cases+reported+to+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+Lori%3BGreene%2C+Mark+H%3BGershon%2C+Sharon+K%3BEdwards%2C+Evelyne+T%3BBraun%2C+M+Miles&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arthritis+and+rheumatism&rft.issn=00043591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-10 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Aug;48(8):2389 [12905496] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute toxicity of carbonyl iron and sodium iron EDTA compared with ferrous sulfate in young rats. AN - 72756093; 12473412 AB - According to the American Association of Poison Control Centers, exposures to excessive doses of iron supplements still occur in children less than 6 years of age. Since 1998, there has been one death among U.S. children in this age group. Exposures, including adverse events, to iron supplements and iron-containing vitamins for the years 1999 and 2000 were 23,215 and 24,249, respectively. To reduce the potential seriousness of such exposures, carbonyl iron (Fe(0)) has been suggested as a possible replacement for ferrous sulfate (FeSO(4)). Carbonyl Fe is a unique form of elemental iron because of its small particle size. It is highly bioavailable when used to correct iron deficiency anemia. There is also current interest in using sodium iron(III) ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA) for food fortification. In this study both NaFeEDTA and carbonyl Fe were compared with FeSO(4), the most common form of iron for dietary supplements, to obtain information relevant to the acute toxicological profile in young rats. With FeSO(4) and NaFeEDTA, total liver nonheme iron increased with increasing dose, but the response was approximately 50% lower with NaFeEDTA compared with FeSO(4). Serum iron peaked at approximately 0.5 to 1 h for both FeSO(4) and carbonyl Fe, while NaFeEDTA was elevated up to 4 h. FeSO(4) had an LD(50) of 1.1 g Fe/kg and was approximately 45 times more toxic than carbonyl Fe, which had an LD(50) greater then 50 g Fe/kg. NaFeEDTA had an LD(50) of 1.3 g Fe/kg and, when compared with FeSO(4), had approximately the same level of toxicity. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Whittaker, P AU - Ali, S F AU - Imam, S Z AU - Dunkel, V C AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740-3835, USA. paul.whittaker@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 280 EP - 286 VL - 36 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic KW - 0 KW - Delayed-Action Preparations KW - Ferric Compounds KW - Ferrous Compounds KW - Iron Chelating Agents KW - Organometallic Compounds KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Iron Carbonyl Compounds KW - 13463-40-6 KW - ferrous sulfate KW - 39R4TAN1VT KW - Edetic Acid KW - 9G34HU7RV0 KW - Fe(III)-EDTA KW - KJ3C78Y22Z KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Dietary Supplements -- poisoning KW - Chemistry, Pharmaceutical KW - Humans KW - Lethal Dose 50 KW - Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Male KW - Organometallic Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ferrous Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ferric Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- toxicity KW - Ferrous Compounds -- toxicity KW - Ferric Compounds -- toxicity KW - Edetic Acid -- pharmacokinetics KW - Iron Chelating Agents -- toxicity KW - Organometallic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Iron Chelating Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Edetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72756093?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Acute+toxicity+of+carbonyl+iron+and+sodium+iron+EDTA+compared+with+ferrous+sulfate+in+young+rats.&rft.au=Whittaker%2C+P%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BImam%2C+S+Z%3BDunkel%2C+V+C&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=280&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-06 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moving from research to practice just in time: the treatment of cannabis use disorders comes of age. AN - 72730148; 12460124 AB - This supplement issue on the treatment of marijuana use disorders describes two large multi-site field experiments: the Cannabis Youth Treatment (CYT) study with adolescents and the Marijuana Treatment Project (MTP) with adults. The papers cover multiple aspects of the treatment of cannabis users, including the rationale for studying cannabis use disorders, descriptions of the CYT and MTP studies,characteristics of adolescents and adults presenting for treatment of cannabis use disorders, court diversion issues, economic evaluation and confirmation of self-reported cannabis use, among other topics. This Introduction provides background information and an overview of the papers from the perspective of the funding agency. JF - Addiction (Abingdon, England) AU - Clark, H Westley AU - MacNeill Horton, Arthur AU - Dennis, Michael AU - Babor, Thomas F AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1 EP - 3 VL - 97 Suppl 1 SN - 0965-2140, 0965-2140 KW - Index Medicus KW - Multicenter Studies as Topic KW - Humans KW - Health Services Research -- trends KW - Marijuana Abuse -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72730148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Addiction+%28Abingdon%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Moving+from+research+to+practice+just+in+time%3A+the+treatment+of+cannabis+use+disorders+comes+of+age.&rft.au=Clark%2C+H+Westley%3BMacNeill+Horton%2C+Arthur%3BDennis%2C+Michael%3BBabor%2C+Thomas+F&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=97+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Addiction+%28Abingdon%2C+England%29&rft.issn=09652140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-02-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury prevention research: progress and priorities. AN - 72728703; 12460949 AB - The twentieth century witnessed remarkable reductions in the number and rate of occupational fatalities and injuries. However, many preventable injuries and deaths still occur. Barriers to progress in occupational injury prevention are discussed, along with strategies for overcoming them. In mining, the frequency of death has dramatically declined over the century. The latest figures from the BLS indicate that less than 6000 worker deaths from injury occurred in 2000. Catastrophic events have prompted increased attention, resources, and action on workplace hazards and risks, resulting in sweeping changes, including new protective laws. Science based approaches to prevention have contributed to progress. Multidisciplinary collaboration among injury prevention researchers, and collaboration and cooperation among multiple sectors, have improved the relevance and application of injury prevention research and development. Barriers to further progress include lack of evaluation of the effectiveness of prevention strategies and technologies, including cost effectiveness; lack of widespread implementation of known, effective prevention; and lack of efficient transfer and implementation of prevention knowledge and products to the workplace. Evaluation and implementation of prevention efforts are most successfully achieved in partnership between researchers and the industry at risk, which requires outreach efforts on the part of the occupational research community. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Stout, N A AU - Linn, H I AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. nas5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - IV9 EP - I14 VL - 8 Suppl 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Survival Rate KW - Humans KW - Mortality -- trends KW - Forecasting KW - Research KW - Health Policy KW - Accident Prevention KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72728703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+prevention+research%3A+progress+and+priorities.&rft.au=Stout%2C+N+A%3BLinn%2C+H+I&rft.aulast=Stout&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=8+Suppl+4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=IV9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-26 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of a novel class glutathione S-transferase from the fungus Cunninghamella elegans. AN - 72701874; 12196209 AB - The structural gene for glutathione S-transferase (CeGST1-1) in the fungus Cunninghamella elegans was cloned by screening a cDNA library using a degenerate oligonucleotide probe based on the N-terminal sequence of the purified protein. Open reading frame analysis indicated that the cegst1 gene encodes a protein of 210 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 25% sequence identity with the sequence of the Pi-class GST from Danio rerio (zebrafish). Similarity was also shown with the Alpha-class GST from Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke; 23% identity), the Mu class from Mus musculus (22%) and the Sigma class from Ommastrephes sloani (squid; 21%). Further screening of a cDNA library with the cegst1 gene probe revealed the presence of another GST isoenzyme (CeGST2-2) in this fungus, which shows 84% sequence identity with CeGST1-1 at the amino acid level. Reverse transcription PCR revealed that cegst2 was also expressed at the mRNA level in the fungus C. elegans. Both cegst genes were overexpressed in Escherichia coli using the expression vector pQE51, displaying specific activities with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene of 2.04 and 0.75 micromol/min per mg of protein respectively. Both enzymes exhibited a similar substrate specificity and inhibition profile, indicating that CeGST1-1 and CeGST2-2 belong to the same GST class. Mutagenesis analysis revealed that Tyr(10) in the N-terminal region is essential for catalysis of CeGST1-1. We propose from these results that the CeGSTs are novel Gamma-class GSTs and designated as GSTG1-1 and GSTG2-2 respectively. JF - The Biochemical journal AU - Cha, Chang-Jun AU - Kim, Seong-Jae AU - Kim, Yong-Hak AU - Stingley, Robin AU - Cerniglia, Carl E AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, U.S.A. Y1 - 2002/12/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 01 SP - 589 EP - 595 VL - 368 SN - 0264-6021, 0264-6021 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Fungal Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Dinitrochlorobenzene KW - GE3IBT7BMN KW - Index Medicus KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal KW - Animals KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Escherichia coli -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Recombinant Proteins -- genetics KW - Caenorhabditis elegans -- genetics KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Dinitrochlorobenzene -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Glutathione Transferase -- classification KW - Fungal Proteins -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Cunninghamella -- enzymology KW - Cunninghamella -- genetics KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics KW - Fungal Proteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72701874?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.atitle=Molecular+cloning%2C+expression+and+characterization+of+a+novel+class+glutathione+S-transferase+from+the+fungus+Cunninghamella+elegans.&rft.au=Cha%2C+Chang-Jun%3BKim%2C+Seong-Jae%3BKim%2C+Yong-Hak%3BStingley%2C+Robin%3BCerniglia%2C+Carl+E&rft.aulast=Cha&rft.aufirst=Chang-Jun&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=368&rft.issue=&rft.spage=589&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.issn=02646021&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY053501; GENBANK; AY053502 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 1997 Mar;179(5):1431-41 [9045797] Biochem J. 2001 Nov 15;360(Pt 1):1-16 [11695986] Anal Biochem. 1976 May 7;72:248-54 [942051] Methods Enzymol. 1981;77:398-405 [7329316] Biochem J. 1982 Jul 1;205(1):117-22 [6812568] J Bacteriol. 1985 May;162(2):676-81 [3988708] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Nov;82(21):7202-6 [3864155] Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 1988;54(4):367-75 [3178190] Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1988 Oct;32(10):1552-6 [3056239] J Bacteriol. 1989 Feb;171(2):1173-7 [2914866] J Bacteriol. 1989 Nov;171(11):6039-42 [2553668] Biochim Biophys Acta. 1991 Jun 13;1089(2):276-9 [2054388] FEBS Lett. 1991 Nov 18;293(1-2):153-5 [1959650] J Biol Chem. 1992 Mar 5;267(7):4296-9 [1537822] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Apr 15;184(1):194-7 [1567427] Biochem J. 1992 Nov 1;287 ( Pt 3):957-63 [1445253] Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1993 Jan;104(1):1-6 [8448982] Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1993 Jan;104(1):7-13 [8448996] Eur J Biochem. 1994 Mar 15;220(3):645-61 [8143720] J Biol Chem. 1994 Dec 23;269(51):32536-41 [7798255] Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol. 1994;69:1-44 [7817866] Biochemistry. 1995 Apr 25;34(16):5317-28 [7727393] EMBO J. 1995 May 15;14(10):2133-43 [7774571] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1996 May 1;138(2-3):221-6 [9026450] Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1995;30(6):445-600 [8770536] Biochem J. 1996 Nov 1;319 ( Pt 3):749-54 [8920976] J Biol Chem. 1997 Feb 28;272(9):5464-8 [9038148] Biochem J. 1997 May 15;324 ( Pt 1):97-102 [9164846] Biochem J. 1997 May 15;324 ( Pt 1):243-8 [9164863] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997 Aug;63(8):3286-90 [9251217] Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Sep 1;25(17):3389-402 [9254694] Biochem J. 1997 Dec 15;328 ( Pt 3):929-35 [9396740] J Biol Chem. 1998 Nov 6;273(45):29915-22 [9792709] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1998 Dec 15;169(2):397-402 [9868787] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1999 Jan 1;170(1):13-7 [9919647] Curr Med Chem. 1999 May;6(5):359-74 [10101217] Toxicol Sci. 1999 Jun;49(2):156-64 [10416260] J Biol Chem. 2000 Aug 11;275(32):24798-806 [10783391] Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Aug 30;1520(2):179-85 [11513961] Biochem J. 2001 Oct 15;359(Pt 2):295-304 [11583575] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2001 Sep 25;203(2):257-61 [11583857] Chem Biol Interact. 2001 Oct 25;138(1):27-42 [11640913] Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680-5 [5432063] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of follow-up time on risk estimates: a longitudinal examination of the relative risks of leukemia and multiple myeloma in a rubber hydrochloride cohort. AN - 72693475; 12439871 AB - Choice of follow-up time for an occupational cohort can influence risk estimates. We examined the effects of follow-up time on relative risk estimates for leukemia and multiple myeloma in a cohort of 1,845 rubber hydrochloride workers. We generated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for yearly follow-ups, beginning each study in 1940 and increasing study end dates from 1950 through 1996. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to explore the effects of follow-up time on the exposure-response relationship. The SMR for leukemia rose to 13.55 in 1961 and fell nearly monotonically to 2.47 by 1996. Cox modeling suggested interaction between cumulative exposure and time since exposure. A longer time to peak risk was seen for multiple myeloma. Because summary risk estimates change with follow-up time, exposure limits set using these estimates may not adequately protect workers. Consideration of appropriate follow-up time and use of more complex temporal models are critical to the risk assessment process. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Silver, S R AU - Rinsky, R A AU - Cooper, S P AU - Hornung, R W AU - Lai, D AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-44, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. ZRE4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 481 EP - 489 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Risk Assessment KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Multiple Myeloma -- chemically induced KW - Leukemia -- chemically induced KW - Leukemia -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Multiple Myeloma -- mortality KW - Benzene -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72693475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Effect+of+follow-up+time+on+risk+estimates%3A+a+longitudinal+examination+of+the+relative+risks+of+leukemia+and+multiple+myeloma+in+a+rubber+hydrochloride+cohort.&rft.au=Silver%2C+S+R%3BRinsky%2C+R+A%3BCooper%2C+S+P%3BHornung%2C+R+W%3BLai%2C+D&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=481&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Ind Med. 2004 Feb;45(2):222-3; author reply 224-5 [14748054] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of cytochrome P450 probe substrates commonly used by the pharmaceutical industry to study in vitro drug interactions. AN - 72687372; 12433797 AB - Pharmaceutical industry investigators routinely evaluate the potential for a new drug to modify cytochrome p450 (p450) activities by determining the effect of the drug on in vitro probe reactions that represent activity of specific p450 enzymes. The in vitro findings obtained with one probe substrate are usually extrapolated to the compound's potential to affect all substrates of the same enzyme. Due to this practice, it is important to use the right probe substrate and to conduct the experiment under optimal conditions. Surveys conducted by reviewers in CDER indicated that the most common in vitro probe reactions used by industry investigators include the following: phenacetin O-deethylation for CYP1A2, coumarin 7-hydroxylation for CYP2A6, 7-ethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl coumarin O-dealkylation for CYP2B6, tolbutamide 4'-hydroxylation for CYP2C9, S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation for CYP2C19, bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation for CYP2D6, chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation for CYP2E1, and testosterone 6 beta-hydroxylation for CYP3A4. We reviewed the validation information in the literature on these reactions and other frequently used reactions, including caffeine N3-demethylation for CYP1A2, S-mephenytoin N-demethylation for CYP2B6, S-warfarin 7'-hydroxylation for CYP2C9, dextromethorphan O-demethylation for CYP2D6, and midazolam 1'-hydroxylation for CYP3A4. The available information indicates that we need to continue the search for better probe substrates for some enzymes. For CYP3A4-based drug interactions it may be necessary to evaluate two or more probe substrates. In many cases, the probe reaction represents a particular enzyme activity only under specific experimental conditions. Investigators must consider appropriateness of probe substrates and experimental conditions when conducting in vitro drug interaction studies and when extrapolating the results to in vivo situations. JF - Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals AU - Yuan, Rae AU - Madani, Soraya AU - Wei, Xiao-Xiong AU - Reynolds, Kellie AU - Huang, Shiew-Mei AD - Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland. rae.yuan@roche.com Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 1311 EP - 1319 VL - 30 IS - 12 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods KW - Substrate Specificity -- physiology KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Molecular Probe Techniques KW - Drug Industry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72687372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+cytochrome+P450+probe+substrates+commonly+used+by+the+pharmaceutical+industry+to+study+in+vitro+drug+interactions.&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Rae%3BMadani%2C+Soraya%3BWei%2C+Xiao-Xiong%3BReynolds%2C+Kellie%3BHuang%2C+Shiew-Mei&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Rae&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benzene exposure and hematopoietic mortality: A long-term epidemiologic risk assessment. AN - 72681415; 12439870 AB - Previous studies of a cohort of rubber hydrochloride workers indicated an association between benzene exposure and excess mortality from leukemia and multiple myeloma. To determine whether risks remain elevated with increasing time since plant shutdown, we extended follow-up from 1981 through 1996. We evaluated risk using standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and generalized Cox proportional hazards regression models. Five new leukemia cases were observed in benzene-exposed white males, but the summary SMR for this group declined from 3.37 (95% CI = 1.54-6.41) to 2.56 (95% CI = 1.43-4.22). In regression models, cumulative exposure was significantly associated with elevated relative risks for leukemia mortality. Four new multiple myeloma deaths occurred, three of which were in workers judged to be unexposed. These findings reaffirm the leukemogenic effects of benzene exposure and suggest that excess risk diminishes with time. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Rinsky, R A AU - Hornung, R W AU - Silver, S R AU - Tseng, C Y AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 474 EP - 480 VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Life Tables KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Longitudinal Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Multiple Myeloma -- chemically induced KW - Leukemia -- chemically induced KW - Leukemia -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Multiple Myeloma -- mortality KW - Benzene -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72681415?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Benzene+exposure+and+hematopoietic+mortality%3A+A+long-term+epidemiologic+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Rinsky%2C+R+A%3BHornung%2C+R+W%3BSilver%2C+S+R%3BTseng%2C+C+Y&rft.aulast=Rinsky&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=474&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Substance Use by Older Adults: Estimates of Future Impact on the Treatment System. AN - 62224705; ED473427 AB - This report provides evidence concerning the projected demand for substance abuse treatment services for older Americans over the next 20 to 30 years and suggests approaches for refining these projections. A work group of Federal agency representatives and university researchers was established by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, to examine and assess the ability of available data to provide sufficient information to guide planning to address the possible doubling of the number of those older adults requiring substance abuse treatment services. The work group identified and reviewed available information, gaps in data, assumptions concerning data collection and analysis, important variables, and estimation methods and models. This report includes original analyses of a wide variety of data sources undertaken by an invited panel of experts. The chapters in this report review the issues in anticipation of the substance abuse treatment needs of the future elderly. The report highlights uses of available data and provides examples of analyses and methodological issues required to refine forecasts of the demand for substance abuse treatment services emerging over the next several decades. The final chapter discusses the implications and suggests approaches to extending our knowledge in the area. (Contains 209 references and 29 tables.) (GCP) AU - Korper, Samuel P. AU - Council, Carol L. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 178 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345. Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD). For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Counselors KW - Practitioners KW - Researchers KW - Older Adults KW - Substance Abuse KW - Long Range Planning KW - Data Collection KW - Drug Rehabilitation KW - Trend Analysis KW - Futures (of Society) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62224705?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Emergency Department Trends from the Drug Abuse Warning Network, Preliminary Estimates January-June 2002. Drug Abuse Warning Network Series. AN - 62223520; ED473747 AB - This publication presents estimates of drug-related emergency department (ED) episodes from the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) from 1994 through the first half of 2001. DAWN is an ongoing, national data system that collects information on drug-related visits to EDs from a national probability sample of hospitals. This publication marks a major change in the presentation of DAWN findings from ED data. The new title introduces a new design with major changes in format and content. These changes were designed to provide more detailed information, information about a larger number of drugs (both illicit and licit), more consistent information, and more information pertaining to the 21 metropolitan areas oversampled in DAWN. This publication has dual purposes: first, to release preliminary estimates for the first half of 2001, and second, to present revised full-year trends from 1994 to 2000 using the new format for the first time. This publication contains the following estimates of drug-related ED episodes and specific drug mentions: preliminary estimates for January-June 2001, with revised half-year estimates from July 1996 through December 2000 for comparison; and final, revised estimates for the full years 1994 through 2000. (Contains 306 tables.) (GCP) Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 SP - 563 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345; Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD) (Toll Free). For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/dawn/TrndED/2001/Text/TrndEDtxt.PDF. KW - Emergency Medical Services KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Researchers KW - Probability KW - Incidence KW - Data Collection KW - Trend Analysis KW - Hospitals KW - Drug Abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62223520?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - 10th report on carcinogens T2 - EHP (Environmental Health Perspectives) Online AN - 59848854; 2003-0401400 AB - Profiles substances known to be human carcinogens and those reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens; includes glossary; US. JF - United States Department of Health and Human Services, December 2002. Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - December 2002 PB - United States Department of Health and Human Services KW - United States -- Environmental conditions KW - Hazardous materials -- Research KW - Environmental health -- Research KW - Cancer -- Research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59848854?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=10th+report+on+carcinogens&rft.title=10th+report+on+carcinogens&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/roc/toc10.html LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Dept Health and Human Services N1 - Document feature - il(s), table(s) N1 - SuppNotes - 10th ed. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene induction studies and toxicity of chemical mixtures. AN - 21263761; 11704149 AB - As part of its mixtures program, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) supports in vitro and limited in vivo toxicity testing to further our understanding of the toxicity and health effects of chemical mixtures. There are increasing concerns that environmental chemicals adversely affect the health of humans and wildlife. These concerns have been augmented by the realization that exposure to chemicals often occurs to mixtures of these chemicals that may exhibit complex synergistic or antagonistic interactions. To address such concerns, we have conducted two studies with techniques that are being used increasingly in experimental toxicology. In the first study, six organochlorine pesticides (4,4 -DDT, 4,4 -DDD, 4,4 -DDE, aldrin, dieldrin, or endrin) were selected from the ATSDR Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (or Superfund) priority list and tested for their ability to modulate transcriptional activation of an estrogen-responsive reporter gene in transfected HeLa cells. In these assays, HeLa cells cotransfected with an expression vector encoding estrogen receptor and an estrogen-responsive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter plasmid were dosed with and without selected environmental chemicals either individually or in defined combinations. Estradiol consistently elicited 10- to 23-fold dose-dependent inductions in this assay. By contrast, all six of the organochlorine pesticides showed no detectable dose-related response when tested either individually or in binary combinations. Thus, these chemicals as binary mixtures do not exhibit any additional estrogenicity at the levels tested in these assays. In the second study, arsenic [As(V)], cadmium [Cd(II)], chromium [Cr(III, VI)], and lead [Pb(II)] were tested in a commercially developed assay system, CAT-Tox (L), to identify metal-responsive promoters and to determine whether the pattern of gene expression changed with a mixture of these metals. This assay employs a battery of recombinant HepG2 cell lines to test the transcriptional activation capacity of xenobiotics in any of 13 different signal-transduction pathways. Singly, As(V), Cd(II), Cr(III, VI), and Pb(II) produced complex induction profiles in these assays. However, no evidence of synergistic activity was detected with a mixture of Cd(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II). These results have shown metal activation of gene expression through several previously unreported signal-transduction pathways and thus suggest new directions for future studies into their biochemical mechanisms of toxicity. In conclusion, the (italic)in vitro(/italic) methods used in these studies provide insights into complex interactions that occur in cellular systems and could be used to identify biomarkers of exposure to other environmental chemical mixtures. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Mumtaz, M M AU - Tully, D B AU - El-Masri, H A AU - De Rosa, C T AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, mgm4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 947 EP - 956 PB - US Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954 Pittsburgh PA 15250-7954 USA VL - 110 IS - Suppl 6 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Environment Abstracts KW - toxicity testing KW - Organochlorine pesticides KW - Toxic substances KW - Heavy metals KW - Aldrin KW - Xenobiotics KW - Lead KW - Gene expression KW - Expression vectors KW - Promoters KW - Chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase KW - Insecticides KW - Cadmium KW - Metals KW - Arsenic KW - Chromium KW - Dieldrin KW - Wildlife KW - Pesticides (organochlorine) KW - Toxicity KW - Plasmids KW - biomarkers KW - Estradiol KW - Reporter gene KW - Endrin KW - Estrogen receptors KW - Toxicity testing KW - Transcription activation KW - estrogens KW - Signal transduction KW - A 01380:Plant Protection, Fungicides & Seed Treatments KW - G 07710:Chemical Mutagenesis & Radiation KW - G 07730:Development & Cell Cycle KW - X 24330:Agrochemicals KW - ENA 02:Toxicology & Environmental Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21263761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Gene+induction+studies+and+toxicity+of+chemical+mixtures.&rft.au=Mumtaz%2C+M+M%3BTully%2C+D+B%3BEl-Masri%2C+H+A%3BDe+Rosa%2C+C+T&rft.aulast=Mumtaz&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=Suppl+6&rft.spage=947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenic; Chromium; Heavy metals; Wildlife; Dieldrin; Aldrin; Pesticides (organochlorine); Xenobiotics; Toxicity; Plasmids; biomarkers; Estradiol; Expression vectors; Gene expression; Promoters; Chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase; Reporter gene; Cadmium; Endrin; Toxicity testing; Estrogen receptors; Transcription activation; Signal transduction; toxicity testing; Metals; Insecticides; Organochlorine pesticides; Toxic substances; Lead; estrogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of antimicrobial resistance on regulatory policies in veterinary medicine: Status report AN - 21246676; 11177471 AB - Increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents is of growing concern to public health officials worldwide. The concern includes infections acquired in hospitals, community infections acquired in outpatient care settings, and resistant foodborne disease associated with drug use in food-producing animals. In the United States, a significant source of antimicrobial-resistant foodborne infections in humans is the acquisition of resistant bacteria originating from animals. The US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) goal in resolving the public health impact arising from the use of antimicrobial drugs in food-producing animals is to ensure that significant human antimicrobial therapies are not compromised or lost while providing for the safe use of antimicrobials in food animals. The FDA's approach to the problem is multipronged and innovative. The strategy includes revision of the pre-approval safety assessment for new animal drug applications, use of risk assessment to determine the human health effect resulting from the use of antimicrobials in food animals, robust monitoring for changes in susceptibilities among foodborne pathogens to drugs that are important both in human and veterinary medicine, research, and risk management. JF - AAPS Journal AU - Tollefson, Linda AU - Flynn, William T AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, 20855 Rockville, MD, Itollefs@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 150 EP - 159 PB - American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists VL - 4 IS - 4 SN - 1550-7416, 1550-7416 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Drug resistance KW - Pathogens KW - Drug abuse KW - Infection KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Public health KW - USA KW - Veterinary medicine KW - Food sources KW - infection KW - FDA KW - innovations KW - Drugs KW - antimicrobial agents KW - Hospitals KW - A 01340:Antibiotics & Antimicrobials KW - J 02400:Human Diseases KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21246676?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AAPS+Journal&rft.atitle=Impact+of+antimicrobial+resistance+on+regulatory+policies+in+veterinary+medicine%3A+Status+report&rft.au=Tollefson%2C+Linda%3BFlynn%2C+William+T&rft.aulast=Tollefson&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AAPS+Journal&rft.issn=15507416&rft_id=info:doi/10.1208%2Fps040437 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Veterinary medicine; Drug resistance; Food sources; Pathogens; Infection; Hospitals; Public health; Antimicrobial agents; FDA; infection; innovations; Drug abuse; Drugs; antimicrobial agents; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/ps040437 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of streptogramin resistance genes among Enterococcus isolates recovered from retail meats in the Greater Washington DC area AN - 18892036; 5762977 AB - The prevalence of streptogramin resistance genes in enterococci recovered from retail poultry in the Greater Washington DC area was examined. Forty-three chicken and 32 turkey retail samples were analysed. Thirty-one non-Enterococcus faecalis enterococcal strains were isolated that displayed MICs of quinupristin-dalfopristin and virginiamycin of greater than or equal to 4 mg/L. These included Enterococcus faecium (turkey n = 4, chicken n = 23), Enterococcus gallinarum (turkey n = 2, chicken n = 1) and Enterococcus hirae (chicken n = 1). The presence of streptogramin resistance genes was examined by PCR in all non-E. faecalis isolates. The vat(E) gene was detected in 10/23 chicken E. faecium and from 2/4 turkey E. faecium. No other streptogramin resistance genes were detected by PCR. In addition, erm(B) was detected in all the E. faecium and E. gallinarum found in turkeys and in 7/23 E. faecium found in chickens. The vat(E) gene was transferable by conjugation from only two of the 12 E. faecium isolates (one from chicken and one from turkey). This study suggests that there is a high prevalence of low-level streptogramin resistance among enterococci found in retail poultry and that other, yet to be identified, mechanisms operate in these isolates that confer streptogramin resistance in enterococci. JF - Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy AU - Simjee, S AU - White, D G AU - Meng, J AU - Wagner, D D AU - Qaiyumi, S AU - Zhao, S AU - Hayes, J R AU - McDermott, P F AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, ssimjee@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 877 EP - 882 VL - 50 IS - 6 SN - 0305-7453, 0305-7453 KW - dalfopristin KW - vat gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptogramins KW - Genetic analysis KW - Enterococcus faecalis KW - Virginiamycin KW - quinupristin KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Enterococcus faecium KW - Enterococcus hirae KW - Enterococcus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18892036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+streptogramin+resistance+genes+among+Enterococcus+isolates+recovered+from+retail+meats+in+the+Greater+Washington+DC+area&rft.au=Simjee%2C+S%3BWhite%2C+D+G%3BMeng%2C+J%3BWagner%2C+D+D%3BQaiyumi%2C+S%3BZhao%2C+S%3BHayes%2C+J+R%3BMcDermott%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Simjee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=877&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=03057453&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptogramins; Genetic analysis; Virginiamycin; Polymerase chain reaction; quinupristin; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Food-borne diseases; Antibiotic resistance; Enterococcus hirae; Enterococcus; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A derived association between ambient aerosol surface area and excess mortality using historic time series data AN - 18660527; 5551078 AB - Although aerosol mass concentration is widely associated with ill health following inhalation; there is increasing evidence that it is a poor indicator of fine and ultrafine particle toxicity. Research has indicated that biological response to such particles is closely associated with particulate surface area; although no epidemiology data currently exist to validate the association. By applying a simple model to historic mass-based time series data, we have been able to estimate mortality rate as a function of ambient aerosol surface area. Within the simplifying assumptions of the model, a linear association is indicated between mortality rate and surface area concentration for coalescing particles. The analysis also indicates the existence of a threshold aerosol concentration, below which particulate mass and surface area are linearly related. Below this threshold, we suggest that mass concentration measurements may provide a good indicator of health effects, although for high exposures found in the developing world and industry, the model indicates that aerosol exposure may be more appropriately characterized by surface area. Further experimental validation of the model should establish the applicability of derived relationships between aerosol mass and surface area concentration to ambient and occupational exposures. JF - Atmospheric Environment AU - Maynard, AD AU - Maynard, R L AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, zel5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 5561 EP - 5567 VL - 36 IS - 36-37 SN - 1352-2310, 1352-2310 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts KW - M2 551.510.42:Air Pollution (551.510.42) KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18660527?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.atitle=A+derived+association+between+ambient+aerosol+surface+area+and+excess+mortality+using+historic+time+series+data&rft.au=Maynard%2C+AD%3BMaynard%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Maynard&rft.aufirst=AD&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=36-37&rft.spage=5561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Atmospheric+Environment&rft.issn=13522310&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Necrosis of Nasal and Airway Epithelium in Rats Inhaling Vapors of Artificial Butter Flavoring AN - 18624249; 5539423 AB - As the result of a high prevalence of fixed airways obstruction in workers at a microwave popcorn manufacturing plant, we examined the hypothesis that vapors of butter flavoring used in the manufacture of microwave popcorn and other foods can produce airway injury in rats. Rats were exposed to vapors liberated from heated butter flavoring. Rats were exposed for 6 h by inhalation and were necropsied 1 day after exposure. The exposure was found by GC-MS analysis to be a complex mixture of various organic gases with the major peaks consisting of diacetyl (2,3-butanedione), acetic acid, acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone), butyric acid, acetoin dimers, 2-nonanone, and delta -alkyl lactones. Diacetyl was used as a marker of exposure concentration. In the lung, butter flavoring vapors containing 285-371 ppm diacetyl caused multifocal, necrotizing bronchitis, which was most consistently present in the mainstem bronchus. Alveoli were unaffected. Butter flavoring vapors containing 203-371 ppm diacetyl caused necrosuppurative rhinitis, which affected all four levels of the nose. Within the posterior two nasal levels (T3 and T4), necrosis and inflammation was principally localized to the nasopharyngeal duct. Control rats were unaffected. Therefore, concentrations of butter flavoring vapors that can occur during the manufacture of foods are associated with epithelial injury in the nasal passages and pulmonary airways of rats. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Battelli, LA AU - Goldsmith, W T AU - Porter, D W AU - Frazer, D AU - Friend, S AU - Schwegler-Berry, D AU - Mercer, R R AU - Reynolds, J S AU - Grote, A AU - Castranova, V AU - Kullman, G AU - Fedan, J S AU - Dowdy, J AU - Jones, W G AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505 Y1 - 2002/12/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Dec 01 SP - 128 EP - 135 PB - Academic Press VL - 185 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - artificial butter flavoring KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18624249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Necrosis+of+Nasal+and+Airway+Epithelium+in+Rats+Inhaling+Vapors+of+Artificial+Butter+Flavoring&rft.au=Hubbs%2C+A+F%3BBattelli%2C+LA%3BGoldsmith%2C+W+T%3BPorter%2C+D+W%3BFrazer%2C+D%3BFriend%2C+S%3BSchwegler-Berry%2C+D%3BMercer%2C+R+R%3BReynolds%2C+J+S%3BGrote%2C+A%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BKullman%2C+G%3BFedan%2C+J+S%3BDowdy%2C+J%3BJones%2C+W+G&rft.aulast=Hubbs&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=128&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1006%2Ftaap.2002.9525 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/taap.2002.9525 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Listeria Species by Microarray-Based Assay AN - 18620828; 5512733 AB - We have developed a rapid microarray-based assay for the reliable detection and discrimination of six species of the Listeria genus: L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, L. innocua, L. welshimeri, L. seeligeri, and L. grayi. The approach used in this study involves one-tube multiplex PCR amplification of six target bacterial virulence factor genes (iap, hly, inlB, plcA, plcB, and clpE), synthesis of fluorescently labeled single-stranded DNA, and hybridization to the multiple individual oligonucleotide probes specific for each Listeria species and immobilized on a glass surface. Results of the microarray analysis of 53 reference and clinical isolates of Listeria spp. demonstrated that this method allowed unambiguous identification of all six Listeria species based on sequence differences in the iap gene. Another virulence factor gene, hly, was used for detection and genotyping all L. monocytogenes, all L. ivanovii, and 8 of 11 L. seeligeri isolates. Other members of the genus Listeria and three L. seeligeri isolates did not contain the hly gene. There was complete agreement between the results of genotyping based on the hly and iap gene sequences. All L. monocytogenes isolates were found to be positive for the inlB, plcA, plcB, and clpE virulence genes specific only to this species. Our data on Listeria species analysis demonstrated that this microarray technique is a simple, rapid, and robust genotyping method that is also a potentially valuable tool for identification and characterization of bacterial pathogens in general. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Volokhov, D AU - Rasooly, A AU - Chumakov, K AU - Chizhikov, V AD - Laboratory of Method Development, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, HFM-470, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, chizhikov@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 4720 EP - 4728 VL - 40 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - hly gene KW - iap gene KW - inlB gene KW - plcA gene KW - plcB gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18620828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Listeria+Species+by+Microarray-Based+Assay&rft.au=Volokhov%2C+D%3BRasooly%2C+A%3BChumakov%2C+K%3BChizhikov%2C+V&rft.aulast=Volokhov&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4720&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.12.4720-4728.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.12.4720-4728.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Tn1546 in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Canine Urinary Tract Infections: Evidence of Gene Exchange between Human and Animal Enterococci AN - 18620768; 5512728 AB - Thirty-five enterococcal isolates were recovered from dogs diagnosed with urinary tract infections at the Michigan State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital over a 2-year period (1996 to 1998). Isolated species included Enterococcus faecium (n = 13), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 7), Enterococcus gallinarum (n = 11), and Enterococcus casseliflavus (n = 4). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed several different resistance phenotypes, with the majority of the enterococcal isolates exhibiting resistance to three or more antibiotics. One E. faecium isolate, CVM1869, displayed high-level resistance to vancomycin (MIC > 32 mu g/ml) and gentamicin (MIC > 2,048 mu g/ml). Molecular analysis of this isolate revealed the presence of Tn1546 (vanA), responsible for high-level vancomycin resistance, and Tn5281 carrying aac6'-aph2", conferring high-level aminoglycoside resistance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that CVM1869 was a canine E. faecium clone that had acquired Tn1546, perhaps from a human vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. Transposons Tn5281 and Tn1546 were located on two different conjugative plasmids. Sequence analysis revealed that in Tn1546, ORF1 had an 889-bp deletion and an IS1216V insertion at the 5' end and an IS1251 insertion between vanS and vanH. To date, this particular form of Tn1546 has only been described in human clinical vancomycin-resistant enterococcus isolates unique to the United States. Additionally, this is the first report of a vancomycin-resistant E. faecium isolated from a companion animal in the United States. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Simjee, S AU - White, D G AU - McDermott, P F AU - Wagner, D D AU - Zervos, MJ AU - Donabedian, S M AU - English, L L AU - Hayes, J R AU - Walker, R D AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, ssimjee@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 4659 EP - 4665 VL - 40 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - aac6'-aph2" gene KW - dogs KW - vanA gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18620768?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Tn1546+in+Vancomycin-Resistant+Enterococcus+faecium+Isolated+from+Canine+Urinary+Tract+Infections%3A+Evidence+of+Gene+Exchange+between+Human+and+Animal+Enterococci&rft.au=Simjee%2C+S%3BWhite%2C+D+G%3BMcDermott%2C+P+F%3BWagner%2C+D+D%3BZervos%2C+MJ%3BDonabedian%2C+S+M%3BEnglish%2C+L+L%3BHayes%2C+J+R%3BWalker%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Simjee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.40.12.4659-4665.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.40.12.4659-4665.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of a DtxR-Like Metalloregulatory Protein, MntR, from Corynebacterium diphtheriae That Controls Expression of an ABC Metal Transporter by an Mn super(2+)-Dependent Mechanism AN - 18545636; 5490873 AB - The DtxR protein is a global iron-dependent repressor in Corynebacterium diphtheriae that regulates transcription from multiple promoters. A search of the partially completed C. diphtheriae genome identified a gene, mntR, whose predicted product has significant homology with the DtxR repressor protein. The mntR gene is the terminal gene in a five-gene operon that also carries the mntABCD genes, whose predicted products are homologous to ABC metal transporters. Transcription of this genetic system, as measured by expression of an mntA-lacZ reporter fusion, is strongly repressed by Mn super(2+). The divalent metals Fe super(2+), Cu super(2+), and Zn super(2+) did not repress expression of the mntA-lacZ construct. A mutation in the mntR gene abolished Mn super(2+)-dependent repression of the mntA-lacZ fusion, demonstrating that MntR is essential for the Mn super(2+)-dependent regulation of this promoter. Footprinting experiments showed that MntR protects from DNase I digestion an approximately 73-bp AT-rich region that includes the entire mntA promoter. This large region protected from DNase I suggests that as many as three MntR dimer pairs may bind to this region. Binding studies also revealed that DtxR failed to bind to the MntR binding site and that MntR exhibited weak and diffuse binding at the DtxR binding site at the tox promoter. A C. diphtheriae mntA mutant grew as well as the wild type in a low-Mn super(2+) medium, which suggests that the mntABCD metal transporter is not required for growth in a low-Mn super(2+) medium and that additional Mn super(2+) transport systems may be present in C. diphtheriae. This study reports the characterization of MntR, a Mn super(2+)-dependent repressor, and the second member of the family of DtxR-like metalloregulatory proteins to be identified in C. diphtheriae. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Schmitt, M P AD - DBPAP, CBER, FDA, Bldg. 29, Rm. 108, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, schmitt@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 6882 EP - 6892 VL - 184 IS - 24 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - DtxR protein KW - MntR protein KW - mntABCDR operon KW - mntR gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18545636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+a+DtxR-Like+Metalloregulatory+Protein%2C+MntR%2C+from+Corynebacterium+diphtheriae+That+Controls+Expression+of+an+ABC+Metal+Transporter+by+an+Mn+super%282%2B%29-Dependent+Mechanism&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Schmitt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=6882&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJB.184.24.6882-6892.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.184.24.6882-6892.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of vat(E) in Enterococcus faecalis Isolates from Retail Poultry and Its Transferability to Enterococcus faecium AN - 18530787; 5490419 AB - Sixteen isolates of Enterococcus faecalis were recovered from retail poultry samples (seven chickens and nine turkeys) purchased from grocery stores in the greater Washington, D.C., area. PCR for known streptogramin resistance genes identified vat(E) in five E. faecalis isolates (three isolates from chickens and two isolates from turkeys). The vat(E) gene was transmissible on a ca. 70-kb plasmid, along with resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, and streptomycin, by conjugation to E. faecalis and Enterococcus faecium recipient strains. DNA sequencing showed little variation between E. faecalis vat(E) genes from the chicken samples; however, one E. faecalis vat(E) gene from a turkey sample possessed 5 nucleotide changes that resulted in four amino acid substitutions. None of these substitutions in the vat(E) allele have previously been described. This is the first report of vat(E) in E. faecalis and its transferability to E. faecium, which indicates that E. faecalis can act as a reservoir for the dissemination of vat(E)-mediated streptogramin resistance to E. faecium. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Simjee, S AU - White, D G AU - Wagner, D D AU - Meng, J AU - Qaiyumi, S AU - Zhao, S AU - McDermott, P F AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine, 8401 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, ssimjee@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/12// PY - 2002 DA - Dec 2002 SP - 3823 EP - 3828 VL - 46 IS - 12 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - chickens KW - turkeys KW - vatE gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18530787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Identification+of+vat%28E%29+in+Enterococcus+faecalis+Isolates+from+Retail+Poultry+and+Its+Transferability+to+Enterococcus+faecium&rft.au=Simjee%2C+S%3BWhite%2C+D+G%3BWagner%2C+D+D%3BMeng%2C+J%3BQaiyumi%2C+S%3BZhao%2C+S%3BMcDermott%2C+P+F&rft.aulast=Simjee&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2002-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3823&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.46.12.3823-3828.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.46.12.3823-3828.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury and health. AN - 72727717; 12456847 JF - The New England journal of medicine AU - Bolger, P Michael AU - Schwetz, B A AD - Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA. Y1 - 2002/11/28/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 28 SP - 1735 EP - 1736 VL - 347 IS - 22 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mercury -- adverse effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Fishes KW - Food Supply -- standards KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Coronary Disease -- etiology KW - Myocardial Infarction -- chemically induced KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72727717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Mercury+and+health.&rft.au=Bolger%2C+P+Michael%3BSchwetz%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Bolger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-28&rft.volume=347&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=1735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=1533-4406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: N Engl J Med. 2003 May 22;348(21):2151-4; author reply 2151-4 [12765162] Comment On: N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 28;347(22):1747-54 [12456850] N Engl J Med. 2002 Nov 28;347(22):1755-60 [12456851] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - U.S. Public Health Service Task Force recommendations for use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant HIV-1-infected women for maternal health and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission in the United States. AN - 72776826; 12489844 AB - These recommendations update the February 4,2002, guidelines developed by the Public Health Service for the use of zidovudine (ZDV) to reduce the risk for perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission. This report provides healthcare providers with information for discussion with HIV-1-infected pregnant women to enable such women to make an informed decision regarding the use of antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy and use of elective cesarean delivery to reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission. Various circumstances that commonly occur in clinical practice are presented, and the factors influencing treatment considerations are highlighted in this report. The Perinatal HIV Guidelines Working Group recognizes that strategies to prevent perinatal transmission and concepts related to management of HIV disease in pregnant women are rapidly evolving and will continually review new data and provide regular updates to the guidelines. The most recent information is available from the HIV/AIDS Treatment Information Service (available at http.//www.hivatis.org). In February 1994, the results of Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) Protocol 076 documented that ZDV chemoprophylaxis could reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission by nearly 70%. Epidemiologic data have since confirmed the efficacy of ZDV for reduction of perinatal transmission and have extended this efficacy to children of women with advanced disease, low CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts, and prior ZDV therapy. Additionally, substantial advances have been made in the understanding of the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection and in the treatment and monitoring of persons with HIV-1 disease. These advances have resulted in changes in standard antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1-infected adults. More aggressive combination drug regimens that maximally suppress viral replication are now recommended. Although considerations associated with pregnancy may affect decisions regarding timing and choice of therapy pregnancy is not a reason to defer standard therapy. Use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnancy requires unique considerations, including the possible need to alter dosage as a result of physiologic changes associated with pregnancy the potential for adverse short- or long-term effects on the fetus and newborn, and the effectiveness of the drugs in reducing the risk for perinatal transmission. Data to address many of these considerations are not yet available. Therefore, offering antiretroviral therapy to HIV-1-infected women during pregnancy, whether primarily for HIV-1 infection, for reduction of perinatal transmission, or for both purposes, should be accompanied by a discussion of the known and unknown short- and long-term benefits and risks of such therapy to infected women and their infants. Standard antiretroviral therapy should be discussed with and offered to HIV-1-infected pregnant women. Additionally, to prevent perinatal transmission, ZDV chemoprophylaxis should be incorporated into the antiretroviral regimen. JF - MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports AU - Mofenson, Lynne M AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Public Health Service Task Force AD - Center for Research for Mothers and Children, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, USA. ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Public Health Service Task Force Y1 - 2002/11/22/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 22 SP - 1 EP - 38; quiz CE1-4 VL - 51 SN - 1057-5987, 1057-5987 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - DNA, Mitochondrial KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Delivery, Obstetric KW - Labor, Obstetric KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Infant, Newborn KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - HIV-1 KW - Pregnancy KW - Viral Load KW - Registries KW - DNA, Mitochondrial -- drug effects KW - Preconception Care KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active -- standards KW - Drug Resistance, Viral KW - Hyperglycemia KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical -- prevention & control KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72776826?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.atitle=U.S.+Public+Health+Service+Task+Force+recommendations+for+use+of+antiretroviral+drugs+in+pregnant+HIV-1-infected+women+for+maternal+health+and+interventions+to+reduce+perinatal+HIV-1+transmission+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Mofenson%2C+Lynne+M%3BCenters+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention%2C+U.S.+Public+Health+Service+Task+Force&rft.aulast=Mofenson&rft.aufirst=Lynne&rft.date=2002-11-22&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.issn=10575987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-31 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Status report - Establishing quality control ranges for disk diffusion susceptibility testing of aquatic bacterial pathogens AN - 39573503; 3713949 AU - Miller, R Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39573503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Status+report+-+Establishing+quality+control+ranges+for+disk+diffusion+susceptibility+testing+of+aquatic+bacterial+pathogens&rft.au=Miller%2C+R&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Louisiana State University-School of Veterinary Medicine, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; phone: 225-578-9900; fax: 225-578-9916; URL: www.vetmed.lsu.edu N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Regulation of islets as a biological product: FDA update AN - 39531066; 3717124 AU - Weber, D Y1 - 2002/11/21/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39531066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regulation+of+islets+as+a+biological+product%3A+FDA+update&rft.au=Weber%2C+D&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: City of Hope National Medical Center, Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Duarte, CA 91010, 1500 East Duarte Road, USA; URL: levinesymposium.coh.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a binding site for ganglioside on the receptor binding domain of tetanus toxin. AN - 72685073; 12427026 AB - The carboxyl-terminal region of the tetanus toxin heavy chain (H(C) fragment) binds to di- and trisialylgangliosides on neuronal cell membranes. To determine which amino acids in tetanus toxin are involved in ganglioside binding, homology modeling was performed using recently resolved X-ray crystallographic structures of the tetanus toxin H(C) fragment. On the basis of these analyses, two regions in tetanus toxin that are structurally homologous with the binding domains of other sialic acid and galactose-binding proteins were targeted for mutagenesis. Specific amino acids within these regions were altered using site-directed mutagenesis. The amino acid residue tryptophan 1288 was found to be critical for binding of the H(C) fragment to ganglioside GT1b. Docking of GD1b within this region of the toxin suggested that histidine 1270 and aspartate 1221 were within hydrogen bonding distance of the ganglioside. These two residues were mutagenized and found also to be important for the binding of the tetanus toxin H(C) fragment to ganglioside GT1b. In addition, the H(C) fragments mutagenized at these residues have reduced levels of binding to neurites of differentiated PC-12 cells. These studies indicate that the amino acids tryptophan 1288, histidine 1270, and aspartate 1221 are components of the GT1b binding site on the tetanus toxin H(C) fragment. JF - Biochemistry AU - Louch, Heather A AU - Buczko, Ellen S AU - Woody, Mary A AU - Venable, Richard M AU - Vann, Willie F AD - Laboratory of Bacterial Toxins, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Federal Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 SP - 13644 EP - 13652 VL - 41 IS - 46 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - Gangliosides KW - Ligands KW - Liposomes KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Receptors, Cell Surface KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Tetanus Toxin KW - tetanus toxin fragment C KW - ganglioside, GD1b KW - 19553-76-5 KW - Histidine KW - 4QD397987E KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - PC12 Cells -- cytology KW - Models, Molecular KW - Circular Dichroism KW - Binding Sites KW - Rats KW - Histidine -- chemistry KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Recombinant Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - DNA Primers -- chemistry KW - Receptors, Cell Surface -- metabolism KW - Peptide Fragments -- metabolism KW - Peptide Fragments -- chemistry KW - Peptide Fragments -- genetics KW - Gangliosides -- chemistry KW - Tetanus Toxin -- metabolism KW - Tetanus Toxin -- genetics KW - Tetanus Toxin -- chemistry KW - Gangliosides -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72685073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+binding+site+for+ganglioside+on+the+receptor+binding+domain+of+tetanus+toxin.&rft.au=Louch%2C+Heather+A%3BBuczko%2C+Ellen+S%3BWoody%2C+Mary+A%3BVenable%2C+Richard+M%3BVann%2C+Willie+F&rft.aulast=Louch&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=46&rft.spage=13644&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Global overview of how the FDA handles the review of phase 1-3 adjuvant trials AN - 39681470; 3708126 AU - Sutkowski, E Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39681470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Global+overview+of+how+the+FDA+handles+the+review+of+phase+1-3+adjuvant+trials&rft.au=Sutkowski%2C+E&rft.aulast=Sutkowski&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Meetings Management, phone: 44 (0)1483 427770; fax: 44 (0) 1483 428516; email: csumner@meetingsmgmt.u-net.com; URL: www.meetingsmanagement.com/imv_2002/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - CpG motifs as vaccine adjuvants - DNA and conventional AN - 39572246; 3708100 AU - Klinman, D Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39572246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=CpG+motifs+as+vaccine+adjuvants+-+DNA+and+conventional&rft.au=Klinman%2C+D&rft.aulast=Klinman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Meetings Management, phone: 44 (0)1483 427770; fax: 44 (0) 1483 428516; email: csumner@meetingsmgmt.u-net.com; URL: www.meetingsmanagement.com/imv_2002/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Implementation of the framework document AN - 39556524; 3709724 AU - Tollefson, L R Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39556524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Implementation+of+the+framework+document&rft.au=Tollefson%2C+L+R&rft.aulast=Tollefson&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, 4733 Bethesda Ave., Suite 750, Bethesda, MD 20814-5278, USA; URL: www.nfid.org/conferences/resistance02/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Regulatory and public health perspectives in antimicrobial development AN - 39520017; 3709732 AU - Lumpkin, M M Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39520017?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regulatory+and+public+health+perspectives+in+antimicrobial+development&rft.au=Lumpkin%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Lumpkin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, 4733 Bethesda Ave., Suite 750, Bethesda, MD 20814-5278, USA; URL: www.nfid.org/conferences/resistance02/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Metals in the environment: Implications for human health AN - 39487100; 3711541 AU - Goering, P L Y1 - 2002/11/19/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39487100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Metals+in+the+environment%3A+Implications+for+human+health&rft.au=Goering%2C+P+L&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: GES-6 Symposium, c/o UH Department of Oceanography, 1000 Pope Road MSB 525, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; fax: 1-808-956-7112; URL: imina.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/ges-6/ N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extensive somatic mitochondrial mutations in primary prostate cancer using laser capture microdissection. AN - 72681215; 12438238 AB - Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in the United States,but the precise molecular events leading to prostate carcinogenesis are not well understood. We isolated histologically defined cell populations from prostate cancer and its preinvasive lesions using laser capture microdissection, and performed genetic analysis on the mitochondrial genome, a sensitive cytoplasmic DNA. An extremely high incidence of somatic mutation (90% of prostatectomy cancer specimens) was found in the control region (the displacement loop) of mitochondrial DNA. The massive induction of lesion-associated mutations suggests active mitochondrial mutagenesis in both prostate cancer and its preinvasive lesions. Inspection of these mutations provides new insights into prostate cancer genetics and reveals unique patterns of somatic mutations in prostatic neoplastic lesions. JF - Cancer research AU - Chen, Junjian Z AU - Gokden, Neriman AU - Greene, Graham F AU - Mukunyadzi, Perkins AU - Kadlubar, Fred F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. jjchen@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 15 SP - 6470 EP - 6474 VL - 62 IS - 22 SN - 0008-5472, 0008-5472 KW - DNA, Mitochondrial KW - 0 KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia -- genetics KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Multigene Family KW - Humans KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- genetics KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Lasers KW - Male KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Micromanipulation -- methods KW - Mutation KW - DNA, Mitochondrial -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72681215?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+research&rft.atitle=Extensive+somatic+mitochondrial+mutations+in+primary+prostate+cancer+using+laser+capture+microdissection.&rft.au=Chen%2C+Junjian+Z%3BGokden%2C+Neriman%3BGreene%2C+Graham+F%3BMukunyadzi%2C+Perkins%3BKadlubar%2C+Fred+F&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Junjian&rft.date=2002-11-15&rft.volume=62&rft.issue=22&rft.spage=6470&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+research&rft.issn=00085472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunologic and genetic characterization of lipooligosaccharide variants in a Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C strain AN - 18607687; 5513927 AB - Neisseria meningitidis shows great variation in expression of structurally different lipooligosaccharides (LOS) on its cell surface. To better understand the LOS diversity that may occur within an individual strain, a group C wild-type strain, BB305-Tr4, and two stable isogenic LOS variants, Tr5 and Tr7, were selected for this study. SDS-PAGE analysis showed a size reduction of Tr5 and Tr7 LOS compared to that of Tr4. Immunoblotting showed that parental Tr4 LOS reacted with L1, L2 and L3,7 antibodies, variant Tr5 LOS with L1 and L6 antibodies, while Tr7 LOS was non-typeable. Genetic analysis showed that the gene organization at the lgt-1 locus in the three strains was lgtZ,C,A,B,H4 in Tr4, lgtZ,C,A,H4 in Tr5 and lgtZ,C,A,H9 in Tr7. The genetic differences in the three strains were consistent with their phenotypic changes. Sequence comparison revealed two independent recombination events. The first was the recombination of repeated DNA fragments in the flanking regions to delete lgtB in Tr5. The second was the recombination of a fragment of two genes, lgtB and lgtH4, to create an inactive lgtH9 allele with a mosaic structure in Tr7. These findings suggest that besides phase variation, homologous recombination can contribute to the genetic diversity of the lgt locus and to the generation of LOS variation in N. meningitidis. JF - FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology AU - Zhu, P AU - Tsai, C AU - Frasch, CE AD - Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, zhu@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 15 SP - 193 EP - 200 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0928-8244, 0928-8244 KW - lgtB gene KW - lgtH4 gene KW - lipooligosaccharides KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - F 06008:Bacteria KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18607687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Immunologic+and+genetic+characterization+of+lipooligosaccharide+variants+in+a+Neisseria+meningitidis+serogroup+C+strain&rft.au=Zhu%2C+P%3BTsai%2C+C%3BFrasch%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Zhu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-15&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Immunology+and+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=09288244&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reactivity of atropaldehyde, a felbamate metabolite in human liver tissue in vitro. AN - 72635376; 12399159 AB - Antiepileptic therapy with a broad spectrum drug felbamate (FBM) has been limited due to reports of hepatotoxicity and aplastic anemia associated with its use. It was proposed that a bioactivation of FBM leading to formation of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde, atropaldehyde (ATPAL) could be responsible for toxicities associated with the parent drug. Other members of this class of compounds, acrolein and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), are known for their reactivity and toxicity. It has been proposed that the bioactivation of FBM to ATPAL proceeds though a more stable cyclized product, 4-hydroxy-5-phenyltetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-2-one (CCMF) whose formation has been shown recently. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and glutathione transferase (GST) are detoxifying enzymes and targets for reactive aldehydes. This study examined effects of ATPAL and its precursor, CCMF on ALDH, GST and cell viability in liver, the target tissue for its metabolism and toxicity. A known toxin, HNE, which is also a substrate for ALDH and GST, was used for comparison. Interspecies difference in metabolism of FBM is well documented, therefore, human tissue was deemed most relevant and used for these studies. ATPAL inhibited ALDH and GST activities and led to a loss of hepatocyte viability. Several fold greater concentrations of CCMF were necessary to demonstrate a similar degree of ALDH inhibition or cytotoxicity as observed with ATPAL. This is consistent with CCMF requiring prior conversion to the more proximate toxin, ATPAL. GSH was shown to protect against ALDH inhibition by ATPAL. In this context, ALDH and GST are detoxifying pathways and their inhibition would lead to an accumulation of reactive species from FBM metabolism and/or metabolism of other endogenous or exogenous compounds and predisposing to or causing toxicity. Therefore, mechanisms of reactive aldehydes toxicity could include direct interaction with critical cellular macromolecules or indirect interference with cellular detoxification mechanisms. JF - Chemico-biological interactions AU - Kapetanovic, Izet M AU - Torchin, Cynthia D AU - Strong, John M AU - Yonekawa, Wayne D AU - Lu, Chuang AU - Li, Albert P AU - Dieckhaus, Christine M AU - Santos, Webster L AU - Macdonald, Timothy L AU - Sofia, R Duane AU - Kupferberg, Harvey J AD - Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, CDER, US FDA, MOD-1, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. kapetani@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2002/11/10/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 10 SP - 119 EP - 134 VL - 142 IS - 1-2 SN - 0009-2797, 0009-2797 KW - Aldehydes KW - 0 KW - Anticonvulsants KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Phenylcarbamates KW - Propylene Glycols KW - tert-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal KW - Aldehyde Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.2.1.3 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - felbamate KW - X72RBB02N8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aldehydes -- toxicity KW - Glutathione Transferase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Humans KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Aldehydes -- pharmacology KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology KW - Aldehydes -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Aldehyde Dehydrogenase -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Aldehyde Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Propylene Glycols -- toxicity KW - Propylene Glycols -- metabolism KW - Anticonvulsants -- toxicity KW - Anticonvulsants -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72635376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemico-biological+interactions&rft.atitle=Reactivity+of+atropaldehyde%2C+a+felbamate+metabolite+in+human+liver+tissue+in+vitro.&rft.au=Kapetanovic%2C+Izet+M%3BTorchin%2C+Cynthia+D%3BStrong%2C+John+M%3BYonekawa%2C+Wayne+D%3BLu%2C+Chuang%3BLi%2C+Albert+P%3BDieckhaus%2C+Christine+M%3BSantos%2C+Webster+L%3BMacdonald%2C+Timothy+L%3BSofia%2C+R+Duane%3BKupferberg%2C+Harvey+J&rft.aulast=Kapetanovic&rft.aufirst=Izet&rft.date=2002-11-10&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemico-biological+interactions&rft.issn=00092797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Idiosyncratic drug toxicity. AN - 72627359; 12399151 JF - Chemico-biological interactions AU - Collins, Jerry M AD - Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Food and Drug Administration/CDER, HFD-902/NLRC, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. collinsj@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11/10/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 10 SP - 3 EP - 6 VL - 142 IS - 1-2 SN - 0009-2797, 0009-2797 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72627359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemico-biological+interactions&rft.atitle=Idiosyncratic+drug+toxicity.&rft.au=Collins%2C+Jerry+M&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.date=2002-11-10&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemico-biological+interactions&rft.issn=00092797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tumorigenicity of chloral hydrate, trichloroacetic acid, trichloroethanol, malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, crotonaldehyde, and acrolein in the B6C3F(1) neonatal mouse. AN - 71951496; 12142074 AB - The tumorigenicity of chloral hydrate (CH), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), trichloroethanol (TCE), malondialdehyde (MDA), crotonaldehyde, acrolein, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) was tested in the B6C3F(1) neonatal mouse. Mice were administered i.p. injections of CH (1000, 2000, 2500, and 5000 nmol per animal), TCA (1000 and 2000 nmol), TCE (1000 and 2000 nmol), MDA (1500 and 3000 nmol), crotonaldehyde (1500 and 3000 nmol), acrolein (75 and 150 nmol), and HNE (750 and 1500 nmol) at 8 and 15 days of age. At 12 months, only male mice treated with the positive control chemicals, 4-aminobiphenyl (500 and 1000 nmol) and benzo[a]pyrene (150 and 300 nmol), had incidences of tumors in the liver significantly higher than the solvent control. Additional male mice were dosed as described above and their livers were excised at 24, 48 h, and 7 days after the final dose. Liver DNA was isolated and analyzed by 32P-postlabeling/high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HPLC/electrochemical detection for MDA-derived adduct (M(1)G) and 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation, respectively. At 24 and 48 h after the final dose, CH- and TCA-treated mice exhibited significantly higher M(1)G levels than the controls. 8-OHdG formation was also induced by CH, TCA, and MDA. These results suggest that under these experimental conditions the B6C3F(1) neonatal mouse is not sensitive to carcinogens that induce an increase in endogenous DNA adduct formation through lipid peroxidation or oxidative stress. JF - Cancer letters AU - Von Tungeln, Linda S AU - Yi, Ping AU - Bucci, Thomas J AU - Samokyszyn, Victor M AU - Chou, Ming W AU - Kadlubar, Fred F AU - Fu, Peter P AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2002/11/08/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 08 SP - 13 EP - 19 VL - 185 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Aldehydes KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - DNA Adducts KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - Chloral Hydrate KW - 418M5916WG KW - Malondialdehyde KW - 4Y8F71G49Q KW - Trichloroacetic Acid KW - 5V2JDO056X KW - Ethylene Chlorohydrin KW - 753N66IHAN KW - Acrolein KW - 7864XYD3JJ KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - 2-butenal KW - 9G72074TUW KW - 2,2,2-trichloroethanol KW - AW835AJ62N KW - 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal KW - K1CVM13F96 KW - Index Medicus KW - Aldehydes -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Malondialdehyde -- toxicity KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Acrolein -- toxicity KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Chloral Hydrate -- toxicity KW - DNA -- isolation & purification KW - Trichloroacetic Acid -- toxicity KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice, Inbred C3H KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Crosses, Genetic KW - Electrochemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Ethylene Chlorohydrin -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Ethylene Chlorohydrin -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71951496?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Tumorigenicity+of+chloral+hydrate%2C+trichloroacetic+acid%2C+trichloroethanol%2C+malondialdehyde%2C+4-hydroxy-2-nonenal%2C+crotonaldehyde%2C+and+acrolein+in+the+B6C3F%281%29+neonatal+mouse.&rft.au=Von+Tungeln%2C+Linda+S%3BYi%2C+Ping%3BBucci%2C+Thomas+J%3BSamokyszyn%2C+Victor+M%3BChou%2C+Ming+W%3BKadlubar%2C+Fred+F%3BFu%2C+Peter+P&rft.aulast=Von+Tungeln&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2002-11-08&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-11-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Penetrating trauma to the head and neck from a nail gun: a unique mechanism of injury. AN - 85364463; pmid-12472032 AB - Published reports of nail gun injuries to the head and neck are rare. We describe the cases of three patients who sustained nail gun injuries to the head and who were managed at our institution. All patients were treated successfully and all recovered with minimal morbidity. Any physician who is called on to manage a nail gun injury to the head or neck should understand that most likely the patient will have sustained a surprisingly limited amount of tissue injury, owing to the relatively low velocity of the projectile compared with that delivered by firearms. Computed tomography and selective angiography can play a vital role in assessing the integrity of relevant vascular structures. Moreover, catheter angiography with embolization can be a most useful nonsurgical adjunct to control the extent of vascular injury. JF - Ear, nose, & throat journal AU - Buchalter, Gregory M AU - Johnson, Leland P AU - Reichman, Mark V AU - Jacobs, John AD - Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Phoenix Indian Medical Center, 4212 N. 16th St., Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA. gregory.buchalter@pimc.ihs.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 779 EP - 783 VL - 81 IS - 11 SN - 0145-5613, 0145-5613 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Adolescent KW - Cerebral Angiography KW - *Construction Materials KW - *Craniocerebral Trauma: diagnosis KW - Craniocerebral Trauma: etiology KW - Craniocerebral Trauma: surgery KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Humans KW - Injury Severity Score KW - Male KW - *Neck Injuries: diagnosis KW - Neck Injuries: etiology KW - Neck Injuries: surgery KW - Risk Assessment KW - Surgical Procedures, Operative KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed KW - Treatment Outcome KW - *Wounds, Penetrating: diagnosis KW - Wounds, Penetrating: etiology KW - Wounds, Penetrating: surgery UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85364463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ear%2C+nose%2C+%26+throat+journal&rft.atitle=Penetrating+trauma+to+the+head+and+neck+from+a+nail+gun%3A+a+unique+mechanism+of+injury.&rft.au=Buchalter%2C+Gregory+M%3BJohnson%2C+Leland+P%3BReichman%2C+Mark+V%3BJacobs%2C+John&rft.aulast=Buchalter&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=779&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ear%2C+nose%2C+%26+throat+journal&rft.issn=01455613&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of seismicity recorded at an underground coal mine during a fatal fire and explosion sequence AN - 807615853; 2010-098256 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Swanson, Peter L AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - F1051 EP - F1052 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 83 IS - 47, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - United States KW - mining KW - mines KW - methane KW - underground mining KW - explosions KW - coal mines KW - aliphatic hydrocarbons KW - alkanes KW - Mine Safety and Health Administration KW - methane ignition KW - fires KW - Oregon KW - organic compounds KW - Willow Creek KW - safety KW - seismicity KW - mining geology KW - hydrocarbons KW - Helper Utah KW - Utah KW - Carbon County Utah KW - 19:Seismology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/807615853?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+seismicity+recorded+at+an+underground+coal+mine+during+a+fatal+fire+and+explosion+sequence&rft.au=Swanson%2C+Peter+L%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=47%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=F1051&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2002 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aliphatic hydrocarbons; alkanes; Carbon County Utah; coal mines; explosions; fires; Helper Utah; hydrocarbons; methane; methane ignition; Mine Safety and Health Administration; mines; mining; mining geology; Oregon; organic compounds; safety; seismicity; underground mining; United States; Utah; Willow Creek ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The dual effect of the particulate and organic components of diesel exhaust particles on the alteration of pulmonary immune/inflammatory responses and metabolic enzymes. AN - 72816707; 12515672 AB - Exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) is an environmental and occupational health concern. This review examines the cellular actions of the organic and the particulate components of DEP in the development of various lung diseases. Both the organic and the particulate components cause oxidant lung injury. The particulate component is known to induce alveolar epithelial damage, alter thiol levels in alveolar macrophages (AM) and lymphocytes, and activate AM in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The organic component, on the other hand, is shown to generate intracellular ROS, leading to a variety of cellular responses including apoptosis. There are a number of differences between the biological actions exerted by these two components. The organic component is responsible for DEP induction of cytochrome P450 family 1 enzymes that are critical to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitro-PAH metabolism in the lung as well as in the liver. The particulate component, on the other hand, causes a sustained down-regulation of CYP2B1 in the rat lung. The significance of this effect on pulmonary metabolism of xenobiotics and endobiotics remains to be seen, but may prove to be an important factor governing the interplay of the pulmonary metabolic and inflammatory systems. Long-term exposures to various particles including DEP, carbon black (CB), TiO2, and washed DEP devoid of the organic content, have been shown to produce similar tumorigenic responses in rodents. There is a lack of correlation between tumor development and DEP chemical-derived DNA adduct formation. But the organic component has been shown to generate ROS that produce 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in cell culture. The organic, but not the particulate, component of DEP suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by AM and the development of Th1 cell-mediated immunity. The mechanism for this effect is not yet clear, but may involve the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cellular genetic response to oxidative stress. Both the organic and the particulate components of DEP enhance respiratory allergic sensitization. Part of the DEP effects may be due to a depletion of glutathione in lymphocytes. The organic component, which is shown to induce IL-4 and IL-10 productions, may skew the immunity toward Th2 response, whereas the particulate component may stimulate both the Th1 and Th2 responses. In conclusion, the literature shows that the particulate and organic components of DEP exhibit different biological actions but both involve the induction of cellular oxidative stress. Together, these effects inhibit cell-mediated immunity toward infectious agents, exacerbate respiratory allergy, cause DNA damage, and under long-term exposure, induce the development of lung tumors. JF - Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Environmental carcinogenesis & ecotoxicology reviews AU - Ma, Jane Y C AU - Ma, Joseph K H AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 117 EP - 147 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 1059-0501, 1059-0501 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Th1 Cells -- immunology KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Particle Size KW - Inflammation KW - Rats KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 -- pharmacology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- physiopathology KW - Th2 Cells -- immunology KW - Pulmonary Alveoli -- pathology KW - Pulmonary Alveoli -- immunology KW - Pulmonary Alveoli -- drug effects KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- adverse effects KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- metabolism KW - Vehicle Emissions -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72816707?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part+C%2C+Environmental+carcinogenesis+%26+ecotoxicology+reviews&rft.atitle=The+dual+effect+of+the+particulate+and+organic+components+of+diesel+exhaust+particles+on+the+alteration+of+pulmonary+immune%2Finflammatory+responses+and+metabolic+enzymes.&rft.au=Ma%2C+Jane+Y+C%3BMa%2C+Joseph+K+H&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Jane+Y&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+science+and+health.+Part+C%2C+Environmental+carcinogenesis+%26+ecotoxicology+reviews&rft.issn=10590501&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-22 N1 - Date created - 2003-01-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ectopic pregnancy risk when contraception fails. A review. AN - 72790086; 12497674 AB - To alert clinicians to the risk of ectopic pregnancy when certain contraceptive methods fail by summarizing data from trials reviewed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The review focuses on 7 contraceptive drug products with an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy when the method fails. Data were extracted from reviews of clinical trials submitted to the FDA to support marketing applications and from the medical literature. Data on 6 other contraceptive drug products and published data for tubal ligations are used for comparison. This review does not include medroxyprogesterone acetate injections because the FDA reviews for this method did not include any pregnancy outcome information. The results are presented in a table and are compared to postmarketing surveillance reports and published literature, when available. The proportion of ectopic pregnancies among all pregnancies ranged from 1:2 to 1:21 for intrauterine devices, tubal ligations, progestin-only implants and progestin-only oral contraceptives. Although the confidence intervals for the proportions were large in trials with few pregnancies, both postmarketing surveillance reports and published literature support proportions calculated from clinical trial data. Pregnancies in women using progestin-only oral contraceptives, progestin-only implants, intrauterine devices and tubal ligations are more likely to be ectopic than pregnancies in the general population. JF - The Journal of reproductive medicine AU - Furlong, Lesley-Anne AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, HFD-580, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. furlongl@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 881 EP - 885 VL - 47 IS - 11 SN - 0024-7758, 0024-7758 KW - Contraceptive Agents KW - 0 KW - Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic KW - Norgestrel KW - 3J8Q1747Z2 KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Levonorgestrel KW - 5W7SIA7YZW KW - Norethindrone KW - T18F433X4S KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Treatment Failure KW - Intrauterine Devices, Medicated -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Intrauterine Devices, Copper -- adverse effects KW - Levonorgestrel -- adverse effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic -- adverse effects KW - Norethindrone -- adverse effects KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Norgestrel -- adverse effects KW - Drug Approval KW - Progesterone -- adverse effects KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Female KW - Pregnancy, Ectopic -- etiology KW - Contraceptive Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72790086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+reproductive+medicine&rft.atitle=Ectopic+pregnancy+risk+when+contraception+fails.+A+review.&rft.au=Furlong%2C+Lesley-Anne&rft.aulast=Furlong&rft.aufirst=Lesley-Anne&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=881&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+reproductive+medicine&rft.issn=00247758&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-03-13 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deregulation of syringe sale and possession in New Hampshire, 1991-2000. AN - 72789121; 12489605 JF - Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996) AU - Kassler, William AU - Ayotte, David AD - New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, Concord 03301, USA. PY - 2002 SP - S19 EP - S20 VL - 42 IS - 6 Suppl 2 SN - 1086-5802, 1086-5802 KW - Medical Waste Disposal KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - New Hampshire -- epidemiology KW - Needle-Exchange Programs KW - Humans KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Legislation, Medical -- trends KW - Syringes -- supply & distribution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72789121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmaceutical+Association+%28Washington%2CD.C.+%3A+1996%29&rft.atitle=Deregulation+of+syringe+sale+and+possession+in+New+Hampshire%2C+1991-2000.&rft.au=Kassler%2C+William%3BAyotte%2C+David&rft.aulast=Kassler&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6+Suppl+2&rft.spage=S19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmaceutical+Association+%28Washington%2CD.C.+%3A+1996%29&rft.issn=10865802&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interlaboratory comparison of methods for the determination of incurred tilmicosin residues in bovine liver. AN - 72758558; 12477187 AB - The objective of this study was to compare 2 methods for the determination of tilmicosin residues in bovine liver samples. Three laboratories participated in the comparison of the 2 methods. The first method was described in a New Animal Drug Application (NADA 140-929), and the second was a modification of that method in which hexane was substituted for carbon tetrachloride in one cleanup step. Each of the 3 laboratories analyzed subsamples of 10 bovine livers containing incurred tilmicosin. Residues ranged from 2.3 to 81 ppm tilmicosin in the 10 liver samples with an 11.8% relative standard deviation obtained by using both methods. In addition, fortified-control liver tissue samples were analyzed concurrently with tissues containing incurred residues by using the modified method in one of the laboratories. The fortification levels ranged from 0.3 to 112 ppm, with recoveries ranging from 76 to 92%. The results from the 3 laboratories were comparable, indicating that the modified method was not only as effective as the original NADA method, but also more desirable because of the change to a less hazardous solvent. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Clark, Susan B AU - O'Rangers, John J AU - Rowe, W Douglas AU - Madson, Mark R AU - Hurlbut, Jeffrey A AU - Sofos, John N AU - Fuerst, Brenda AU - James, Glenda AU - Griffith, Sydney AU - Readnour, Robin S AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver, CO 80225, USA. sclark1@ora.fda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1260 EP - 1267 VL - 85 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Macrolides KW - Solutions KW - tilmicosin KW - XL4103X2E3 KW - Tylosin KW - YEF4JXN031 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Drug Residues KW - Tylosin -- analysis KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- analysis KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Tylosin -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72758558?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Interlaboratory+comparison+of+methods+for+the+determination+of+incurred+tilmicosin+residues+in+bovine+liver.&rft.au=Clark%2C+Susan+B%3BO%27Rangers%2C+John+J%3BRowe%2C+W+Douglas%3BMadson%2C+Mark+R%3BHurlbut%2C+Jeffrey+A%3BSofos%2C+John+N%3BFuerst%2C+Brenda%3BJames%2C+Glenda%3BGriffith%2C+Sydney%3BReadnour%2C+Robin+S&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of deoxynivalenol in whole wheat flour and wheat bran. AN - 72756714; 12477199 AB - A liquid chromatographic (LC) method was developed for determining deoxynivalenol (DON) in whole wheat flour and wheat bran. A 15 g test sample was extracted with acetonitrile-water (84 + 16, v/v) and applied to a Romer MycoSep cleanup column. The eluate was dried and then reconstituted in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, and applied to a Vicam DONtest-LC cleanup column. The methanol eluate was chromatographed with a methanol-water (17 + 83, v/v) mobile phase on a C18 column with UV detection at 220 nm. Five replicates at each of 5 fortification levels (0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 ppm), plus 5 controls, were determined for both whole wheat flour and wheat bran. For flour, the average recoveries were 72.2-91.5% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 4.9-18.4%. The intra-assay flour recovery was 82.4% with 9.8% RSD. A 5 replicate sample of naturally incurred wheat had an average of 1.1 ppm DON with 6.7% RSD. For bran, average recoveries of fortified samples were 69.5-99.7% with RSDs of 1.7-18.8%. The intra-assay bran recovery was 81.5% with 8.9% RSD. The limit of detection (about 3x noise) for the method is 0.05 ppm; the correlation coefficient (linearity) was >0.9995. The DON peak was clearly identified and easily integrated in the chromatograms. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Rupp, Heidi S AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Pacific Regional Laboratory Northwest, Bothell, WA 98021, USA. hrupp@ora.fda.gov PY - 2002 SP - 1355 EP - 1359 VL - 85 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Buffers KW - 0 KW - Solutions KW - Solvents KW - Trichothecenes KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Reference Standards KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Dietary Fiber -- analysis KW - Flour -- analysis KW - Trichothecenes -- analysis KW - Triticum -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72756714?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Determination+of+deoxynivalenol+in+whole+wheat+flour+and+wheat+bran.&rft.au=Rupp%2C+Heidi+S&rft.aulast=Rupp&rft.aufirst=Heidi&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-15 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing young worker fatalities. The Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) Program. AN - 72747579; 12465207 AB - During the period between 1992 through 1998, the Bureau of Labor Statistics identified an average of 67 work related deaths of individuals younger than 18 each year. This article describes the Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) program and summarizes indepth data collected on 59 young worker fatalities in 26 states. These investigations were conducted between May 1986 and February 2002. Young workers ranged in age from 9 to 17 years, with a mean age of 15.3 years: 21 were working in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing industry; 12 in construction; 10 in manufacturing; 8 in services; and 8 in the retail industry. The majority worked as laborers. Ninety-three percent were young men. Each investigation resulted in the formulation and dissemination of strategies to help prevent future similar occurrences. As an example of state FACE activities, the article describes the Wisconsin FACE program's efforts to foster collaboration between regulatory agencies, researchers, educators, and occupational safety and health professionals, and to integrate efforts aimed at improving safety for young workers. JF - AAOHN journal : official journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses AU - Higgins, Doloris N AU - Tierney, Jeanette AU - Hanrahan, Lawrence AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 508 EP - 514 VL - 50 IS - 11 SN - 0891-0162, 0891-0162 KW - Nursing KW - Occupational Health KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Cause of Death KW - Population Surveillance KW - Employment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Risk Factors KW - Wisconsin -- epidemiology KW - Industry -- statistics & numerical data KW - Nurse's Role KW - Program Evaluation KW - Occupational Health Nursing KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Adolescent Health Services -- organization & administration KW - Child Health Services -- organization & administration KW - Occupational Health Services -- organization & administration KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72747579?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AAOHN+journal+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+of+Occupational+Health+Nurses&rft.atitle=Preventing+young+worker+fatalities.+The+Fatality+Assessment+and+Control+Evaluation+%28FACE%29+Program.&rft.au=Higgins%2C+Doloris+N%3BTierney%2C+Jeanette%3BHanrahan%2C+Lawrence&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Doloris&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=508&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AAOHN+journal+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+of+Occupational+Health+Nurses&rft.issn=08910162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of alpha- and beta-hydroxy acids on the edemal response induced in female SKH-1 mice by simulated solar light. AN - 72733060; 12460741 AB - alpha- and beta-Hydroxy acids have been used extensively in cosmetic and dermatological formulations. At present, there is an inadequate amount of information with which to assess the safety of topical applications of alpha- and beta-hydroxy acids in conjunction with exposure to ultraviolet light. In the present study, we examined changes in the epidermal basal cell proliferation and the edemal response using skin thickness measurements elicited in SKH-1 mice following exposure to simulated solar light (SSL) with or without topical treatment with creams containing alpha- (glycolic) and beta-hydroxy (salicylic) acids. The dose of SSL light required to induce measurable edema (MED(BIOL)) in nai;ve, free-moving SKH-1 mice was determined to be 90 mJ. CIE/cm(2). Pretreating the mice with daily (5 days/week) exposures of 14 mJ. CIE/cm(2) for 6 weeks resulted in a doubling of the MED(BIOL) to 180 mJ. CIE/cm(2). Topical application of control cream (pH 3.5), or creams containing glycolic acid (10%, pH 3.5) or salicylic acid (4%, pH 3.5) for 6 weeks (5 days/week) increased the MED(BIOL) to 137 mJ. CIE/cm(2). Daily treatments with SSL (14 mJ. CIE/cm(2)) and control cream (pH 3.5), glycolic (10%, pH 3.5) or salicylic (4%, pH 3.5) acid-containing creams for 6 weeks (5 days/week) resulted in an MED(BIOL) value of 180 mJ. CIE/cm(2), which was the same as treatment with light alone for 6 weeks. These data indicate that a 6-week treatment of mouse skin with a representative skin cream, with or without representative alpha- and beta-hydroxy acids (glycolic and salicylic acid, respectively), changes the UV light sensitivity; however, treatment with the cream, with or without the acids, does not contribute to the UV sensitivity of mice cotreated with low doses of UV light. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Sams, Reeder L AU - Couch, Letha H AU - Miller, Barbara J AU - Okerberg, Carlin V AU - Warbritton, Alan R AU - Wamer, Wayne G AU - Beer, Janusz Z AU - Howard, Paul C AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicology Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2002/11/01/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Nov 01 SP - 136 EP - 143 VL - 184 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Glycolates KW - 0 KW - Keratolytic Agents KW - glycolic acid KW - 0WT12SX38S KW - Salicylic Acid KW - O414PZ4LPZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Edema -- pathology KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Mice, Hairless KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Female KW - Edema -- etiology KW - Administration, Topical KW - Cell Division -- radiation effects KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Keratolytic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Epidermis -- drug effects KW - Salicylic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Salicylic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Glycolates -- pharmacology KW - Keratolytic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Epidermis -- pathology KW - Glycolates -- administration & dosage KW - Epidermis -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72733060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+alpha-+and+beta-hydroxy+acids+on+the+edemal+response+induced+in+female+SKH-1+mice+by+simulated+solar+light.&rft.au=Sams%2C+Reeder+L%3BCouch%2C+Letha+H%3BMiller%2C+Barbara+J%3BOkerberg%2C+Carlin+V%3BWarbritton%2C+Alan+R%3BWamer%2C+Wayne+G%3BBeer%2C+Janusz+Z%3BHoward%2C+Paul+C&rft.aulast=Sams&rft.aufirst=Reeder&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=184&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=136&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-19 N1 - Date created - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Methods and method evaluation for mycotoxins. AN - 72720941; 12448882 AB - Mycotoxins are metabolites of molds frequently found on and in agricultural commodities, food and feeds. Owing to their demonstrated acute, sub-acute and, in some cases, chronic toxicity, an effort has been made, worldwide, to control human and animal exposure to these toxic chemicals. This effort depends upon the availability of validated analytical methods for their detection and quantitation. This paper outlines the methodology available, and the procedures used to validate, i.e. evaluate, these methods based on the use of interlaboratory collaborative studies and the application of the HORRAT. JF - Molecular biotechnology AU - Trucksess, Mary W AU - Pohland, Albert E AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20204, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 287 EP - 292 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 1073-6085, 1073-6085 KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - International Cooperation KW - Societies, Scientific KW - International Agencies KW - Quality Control KW - Food -- standards KW - Food Analysis -- standards KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Food Microbiology -- standards KW - Animal Feed -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Mycotoxins -- standards KW - Mycotoxins -- toxicity KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72720941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+biotechnology&rft.atitle=Methods+and+method+evaluation+for+mycotoxins.&rft.au=Trucksess%2C+Mary+W%3BPohland%2C+Albert+E&rft.aulast=Trucksess&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+biotechnology&rft.issn=10736085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of low-dose gamma irradiation on Staphylococcus aureus and product packaging in ready-to-eat ham and cheese sandwiches. AN - 72692648; 12430707 AB - Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen that causes foodborne illness. Traditional methods for controlling S. aureus do not address postprocess contamination. Low-dose gamma irradiation is effective in reducing pathogens in a variety of foods and may be effective in reducing S. aureus in ready-to-eat foods. The effects of gamma irradiation on product packaging should also be considered. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of gamna irradiation on product packaging and on S. aureus in ready-to-eat ham and cheese sandwiches. The effects of refrigerated storage on irradiated and nonirradiated sandwiches were also investigated. Ham and cheese sandwiches were inoculated with 10(6) or 10(7) CFU of S. aureus per g, frozen, irradiated, and analyzed by a standard plate count method. D10-values, the amount of irradiation needed to elicit a 1-log10 reduction of bacteria, were calculated. In addition, irradiated sandwiches were analyzed after 1, 13, 27, and 39 days of storage at 4 degrees C. The integrity of postirradiated packaging material was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Two experiments yielded D10-values of 0.62 and 0.63. During refrigerated storage, sandwiches irradiated with 5.9 kGy showed no S. aureus growth at any time; sandwiches irradiated with 3.85 kGy showed a 6.18-log reduction in S. aureus after 13 days; and nonirradiated sandwiches showed a 0.53-log increase in S. aureus after 39 days. FTIR spectroscopy showed that the label side and the bulge side were composed of polyethylene terephthalate and nylon 6, respectively. No significant change in the packaging due to irradiation was detected. In this study, low-dose gamma irradiation was shown to be an effective method for reducing S. aureus in ready-to-eat ham and cheese sandwiches and proved to be more efficacious than refrigeration alone. Additionally, package integrity was not adversely affected by gamma irradiation. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Lamb, Jennifer L AU - Gogley, Jennifer M AU - Thompson, M Jasmine AU - Solis, Daniel R AU - Sen, Sumit AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Pacific Regional Laboratory Southwest, Los Angeles, California 90015, USA. jlamb@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1800 EP - 1805 VL - 65 IS - 11 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared KW - Food Microbiology KW - Gamma Rays KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Food Packaging KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- radiation effects KW - Food Irradiation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72692648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+low-dose+gamma+irradiation+on+Staphylococcus+aureus+and+product+packaging+in+ready-to-eat+ham+and+cheese+sandwiches.&rft.au=Lamb%2C+Jennifer+L%3BGogley%2C+Jennifer+M%3BThompson%2C+M+Jasmine%3BSolis%2C+Daniel+R%3BSen%2C+Sumit&rft.aulast=Lamb&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1800&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-21 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antioxidant balance and free radical generation in vitamin e-deficient mice after dermal exposure to cumene hydroperoxide. AN - 72687736; 12437336 AB - Organic peroxides are widely used in the chemical industry as initiators of oxidation for the production of polymers and fiber-reinforced plastics, in the manufacture of polyester resin coatings, and pharmaceuticals. Free radical production is considered to be one of the key factors contributing to skin tumor promotion by organic peroxides. In vitro experiments have demonstrated metal-catalyzed formation of alkoxyl, alkyl, and aryl radicals in keratinocytes incubated with cumene hydroperoxide. The present study investigated in vivo free radical generation in lipid extracts of mouse skin exposed to cumene hydroperoxide. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping technique was used to detect the formation of alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) radical adducts, following intradermal injection of 180 mg/kg PBN. It was found that 30 min after topical exposure, cumene hydroperoxide (12 mmol/kg) induced free radical generation in the skin of female Balb/c mice kept for 10 weeks on vitamin E-deficient diets. In contrast, hardly discernible radical adducts were detected when cumene hydroperoxide was applied to the skin of mice fed a vitamin E-sufficient diet. Importantly, total antioxidant reserve and levels of GSH, ascorbate, and vitamin E decreased 34%, 46.5%. 27%, and 98%, respectively, after mice were kept for 10 weeks on vitamin E-deficient diet. PBN adducts detected by ESR in vitamin E-deficient mice provide direct evidence for in vivo free radical generation in the skin after exposure to cumene hydroperoxide. JF - Chemical research in toxicology AU - Shvedova, A A AU - Kisin, E R AU - Murray, A R AU - Kommineni, C AU - Castranova, V AU - Mason, R P AU - Kadiiska, M B AU - Gunther, M R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. ats1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1451 EP - 1459 VL - 15 IS - 11 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - Biomarkers KW - Cyclic N-Oxides KW - Free Radicals KW - Nitrogen Oxides KW - Spin Labels KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds KW - Vitamin E KW - 1406-18-4 KW - phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone KW - 3I91332OPG KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - cumene hydroperoxide KW - PG7JD54X4I KW - Ascorbic Acid KW - PQ6CK8PD0R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Administration, Cutaneous KW - Vitamin E -- metabolism KW - Vitamin E -- analysis KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Ascorbic Acid -- analysis KW - Oxidative Stress -- physiology KW - Spin Trapping KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds -- analysis KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Glutathione -- analysis KW - Female KW - Free Radicals -- analysis KW - Benzene Derivatives -- administration & dosage KW - Antioxidants -- analysis KW - Benzene Derivatives -- toxicity KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Vitamin E Deficiency -- metabolism KW - Free Radicals -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72687736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.atitle=Antioxidant+balance+and+free+radical+generation+in+vitamin+e-deficient+mice+after+dermal+exposure+to+cumene+hydroperoxide.&rft.au=Shvedova%2C+A+A%3BKisin%2C+E+R%3BMurray%2C+A+R%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMason%2C+R+P%3BKadiiska%2C+M+B%3BGunther%2C+M+R&rft.aulast=Shvedova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1451&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+research+in+toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-20 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin 4 receptor on human lung cancer: a molecular target for cytotoxin therapy. AN - 72676604; 12429641 AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that human lung tumor cell lines express interleukin 4 (IL-4) receptors, and IL-4 can mediate modest to moderate antiproliferative activity in vitro and in vivo in animal models of human lung tumors. On the basis of these studies, IL-4 was tested in clinical trials; however, it showed little antitumor activity in lung cancer patients. In the present study, we examined the expression of IL-4 receptors (IL-4Rs) in lung tumor samples and normal lung tissues and tested whether an IL-4R targeted agent will have better antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo compared with IL-4. IL-4R expression was tested by immunohistochemistry in 54 lung tumor samples and normal lung tissues in a tissue array, by reverse-transcription PCR and Northern blot analyses in lung tumor cell lines. Cytotoxic activity of IL-4 cytotoxin [IL-4(38-37)-PE38KDEL], composed of a circular permuted IL-4 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE38KDEL) was tested by protein synthesis inhibition and clonogenic assays in seven lung tumor cell lines. Antitumor activity of IL-4 cytotoxin was tested in vitro and in immunodeficient animal models of human lung tumors. We observed that IL-4Rs are expressed at higher levels in situ in lung tumor samples compared with normal lung tissues and IL-4 cytotoxin is highly and specifically cytotoxic to lung tumor cell lines in vitro. Intratumoral and i.p. administration of IL-4 cytotoxin to immunodeficient mice with s.c. established human lung H358 non-small cell lung cancer tumors mediated considerable antitumor activity in a dose-dependent manner with the higher dose producing durable complete responses. On the other hand, H460 non-small cell lung cancer tumors expressing low levels of IL-4R did not respond to IL-4 cytotoxin therapy. Because IL-4 cytotoxin mediates its antitumor activity through IL-4R, and a variety of lung tumors expressed high levels of IL-4R, we propose testing the safety of this agent in patients with lung cancer. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Stepensky, Vitaly A AU - Maki, Richard A AU - Robin, Howard AU - Muller, Wayne AU - Husain, Syed R AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 3503 EP - 3511 VL - 8 IS - 11 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Cytotoxins KW - 0 KW - Exotoxins KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Blotting, Northern KW - Humans KW - Mice, Nude KW - Cytotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Radioligand Assay KW - Body Weight KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - Pseudomonas -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Exotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Protein Binding KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung -- pathology KW - Neoplasm Transplantation KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Mutation KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Lung Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72676604?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Interleukin+4+receptor+on+human+lung+cancer%3A+a+molecular+target+for+cytotoxin+therapy.&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+Mariko%3BKawakami%2C+Koji%3BStepensky%2C+Vitaly+A%3BMaki%2C+Richard+A%3BRobin%2C+Howard%3BMuller%2C+Wayne%3BHusain%2C+Syed+R%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=Mariko&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2002-11-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Understanding the seasonal pattern of childhood asthma: results from the National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study (NCICAS). AN - 72645613; 12410190 AB - To contrast the seasonal patterns of asthma symptoms and utilization and determine the impact of allergen sensitivity, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure, and air pollution on the seasonal patterns of asthma. Participants in the National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study (NCICAS) were tracked for approximately 4 years after allergen skin testing and determination of exposure to ETS. Air pollution data were obtained from EPA monitoring sites in NCICAS cities. Asthma symptoms (wheeze) and health care utilization (unscheduled visits and hospitalization) had similar seasonal patterns, with low points during the summer months of June through August and a distinct autumn peak beginning in September. Seasonal patterns were similar among children with no allergen skin test reactivity, those reactive only to indoor allergens, and those reactive to outdoor allergens. ETS exposure, whether defined by self-report or urinary cotinine/creatinine ratio, was not related to the observed seasonal patterns. Among the pollutants evaluated, only the seasonal pattern of SO(2) coincided with that of asthma morbidity. Atopy, ETS, and most air pollutants do not appear to contribute to the distinct asthma seasonal pattern. On a population level, changes in symptoms are mirrored by changes in utilization. JF - The Journal of pediatrics AU - Gergen, Peter J AU - Mitchell, Herman AU - Lynn, Henry AD - Center for Primary Care and Research, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 631 EP - 636 VL - 141 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3476, 0022-3476 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Office Visits -- statistics & numerical data KW - Air Pollution KW - Smoking KW - Humans KW - Health Services -- utilization KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Seasons KW - Urban Population UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72645613?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+seasonal+pattern+of+childhood+asthma%3A+results+from+the+National+Cooperative+Inner-City+Asthma+Study+%28NCICAS%29.&rft.au=Gergen%2C+Peter+J%3BMitchell%2C+Herman%3BLynn%2C+Henry&rft.aulast=Gergen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=141&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.issn=00223476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-11 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Pediatr. 2002 Nov;141(5):604-5 [12410185] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival characteristics and age-adjusted disease incidences in C57BL/6 mice fed a commonly used cereal-based diet modulated by dietary restriction. AN - 72642307; 12403793 AB - Studies of C57BL/6 mice are often restricted to one sex, with limited characterization of pathology as a function of age. As part of the National Institute on Aging/National Center for Toxicological Research Collaboration on Biomarkers, over 3000 males and 1500 females of this strain were raised, maintained, and used to evaluate longevity under specific pathogen-free conditions. A diet commonly used in testing the impact of agents was fed ad libitum or was restricted to 60% of normal consumption, starting when the mice were 14-16 weeks of age. Cardiac, renal, and central nervous system pathologies were significantly inhibited by dietary restriction (DR), as were bone degeneration, inflammation, hyperplasia, amyloid induction, and atrophy of secretory organs. Hematological disorders and tumors were among the most common problem in this strain, and they were ameliorated by DR. In males, for other neoplasms, adrenal adenomas, liver tumors, and hemangiomas combined with hemangiosarcomas were decreased by DR, variably in onset and progression. In females, DR decreased pituitary tumors, mammary tumors, and alveolar carcinomas, again variably in onset and progression. JF - The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences AU - Turturro, Angelo AU - Duffy, Peter AU - Hass, Bruce AU - Kodell, Ralph AU - Hart, Ronald AD - Divisions of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Aturturro@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - B379 EP - B389 VL - 57 IS - 11 SN - 1079-5006, 1079-5006 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Body Weight KW - Animals KW - Animal Feed KW - Survival Rate KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Female KW - Aging -- physiology KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Longevity -- physiology KW - Food Deprivation -- physiology KW - Edible Grain KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72642307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journals+of+gerontology.+Series+A%2C+Biological+sciences+and+medical+sciences&rft.atitle=Survival+characteristics+and+age-adjusted+disease+incidences+in+C57BL%2F6+mice+fed+a+commonly+used+cereal-based+diet+modulated+by+dietary+restriction.&rft.au=Turturro%2C+Angelo%3BDuffy%2C+Peter%3BHass%2C+Bruce%3BKodell%2C+Ralph%3BHart%2C+Ronald&rft.aulast=Turturro&rft.aufirst=Angelo&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=B379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journals+of+gerontology.+Series+A%2C+Biological+sciences+and+medical+sciences&rft.issn=10795006&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-03 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of the aerosols produced by a high-speed, hand-held grinder using various substrates. AN - 72638026; 12406860 AB - Mechanical processes such as grinding are classically thought to form micrometer scale aerosols through abrasion and attrition. High-speed grinding has been used as the basis for testing the hypothesis that ultrafine particles do not form a substantial component of mechanically generated aerosols. A wide variety of grinding substrates were selected for evaluation to represent the broad spectrum of materials available. To characterize the particle size distribution over particle sizes ranging from 4.2 nm to 20.5 microm, the aerosol-laden air collected from an enclosed chamber was split and directed to three aerosol instruments operated in parallel. Transmission electron microscope samples of the various grinding substrates were also collected. The results demonstrate that ultrafine particles do have the potential to form a significant component of a grinding aerosol for a number of substrates. It appears that the ultrafine aerosols were formed by the following processes: (i) from within the grinding motor, (ii) from the combustion of amenable grinding substrates and (iii) from volatilization of amenable grinding materials at the grinding wheel/substrate interface. JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - Zimmer, Anthony T AU - Maynard, Andrew D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. azimmer@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 663 EP - 672 VL - 46 IS - 8 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Aerosols -- analysis KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Hazardous Substances -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72638026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=Investigation+of+the+aerosols+produced+by+a+high-speed%2C+hand-held+grinder+using+various+substrates.&rft.au=Zimmer%2C+Anthony+T%3BMaynard%2C+Andrew+D&rft.aulast=Zimmer&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=663&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residual oil fly ash increases the susceptibility to infection and severely damages the lungs after pulmonary challenge with a bacterial pathogen. AN - 72193711; 12388840 AB - Inhalation of residual oil fly ash (ROFA), a component of ambient particulate matter, has been shown to increase pulmonary morbidity and impair lung defense mechanisms in exposed workers. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of ROFA preexposure on lung defense and injury after pulmonary challenge with a bacterial pathogen. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed intratracheally at day 0 with saline (control) or ROFA (0.2 or 1 mg/100 g body weight). Three days later, a low (5 x 10(3)) or high (5 x 10(5)) dose of Listeria monocytogenes was instilled intratracheally into the ROFA- and saline-treated rats. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on the right lungs at days 6, 8, and 10. The recovered cells were differentiated, and chemiluminescence (CL) and nitric oxide (NO) production, two indices of alveolar macrophage (AM) function, were measured. At the same time points, the left lung and spleen were removed, homogenized, and cultured, and colony-forming units were counted after an overnight incubation. Exposure to ROFA and the high dose of L. monocytogenes led to marked lung injury and inflammation as well as to an increase in mortality, compared with rats treated with saline and the high dose of L. monocytogenes. Preexposure to ROFA significantly enhanced injury and delayed the pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes at both bacterial doses when compared to the saline-treated control rats. ROFA had no effect on AM CL but caused a significant suppression of AM NO production, as compared to the saline control rats. We have demonstrated that acute exposure to ROFA slowed the pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes. The suppression in AM NO production by ROFA pretreatment likely plays an important role. These results suggest that pulmonary exposure to ROFA may alter AM function and lead to increased susceptibility to lung infection in exposed populations. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Antonini, James M AU - Roberts, Jenny R AU - Jernigan, Michael R AU - Yang, Hui-Min AU - Ma, Jane Y C AU - Clarke, Robert W AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2015, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 110 EP - 119 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Coal Ash KW - Particulate Matter KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Disease Susceptibility -- microbiology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Phagocytosis -- drug effects KW - Nitric Oxide -- biosynthesis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- pathogenicity KW - Listeriosis -- pathology KW - Listeriosis -- physiopathology KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Lung -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72193711?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Residual+oil+fly+ash+increases+the+susceptibility+to+infection+and+severely+damages+the+lungs+after+pulmonary+challenge+with+a+bacterial+pathogen.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+James+M%3BRoberts%2C+Jenny+R%3BJernigan%2C+Michael+R%3BYang%2C+Hui-Min%3BMa%2C+Jane+Y+C%3BClarke%2C+Robert+W&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=110&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-08 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pharmacovigilance: towards a better understanding of the benefit to risk ratio. AN - 72175035; 12379634 JF - Annals of the rheumatic diseases AU - Simon, L S AD - Division of Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Ophthalmologic Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research ODEV, FDA, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - ii88 EP - ii89 VL - 61 Suppl 2 SN - 0003-4967, 0003-4967 KW - Antirheumatic Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Antirheumatic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72175035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+rheumatic+diseases&rft.atitle=Pharmacovigilance%3A+towards+a+better+understanding+of+the+benefit+to+risk+ratio.&rft.au=Simon%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=61+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=ii88&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+rheumatic+diseases&rft.issn=00034967&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-12-12 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Acta Med Scand Suppl. 1984;683:23-7 [6588735] Arch Intern Med. 1985 Oct;145(10):1791-4 [3899034] J R Soc Med. 1991 Jun;84(6):341-4 [2061900] Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1988 Jan;22(1):68-78 [3280280] J Rheumatol Suppl. 1988 Oct;17:9-13 [3204621] Neth J Med. 1985;28(12):546-50 [3911083] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Precision test apparatus for evaluating the heating pattern of radiofrequency ablation devices. AN - 72168394; 12376050 AB - Radiofrequency has established itself as a useful technique for managing cardiac arrhythmias and treating soft tissue tumors. However, despite its pervasive use, many of the biophysical principals needed to fully understand and optimize the radiofrequency ablation technique have not been explored. We have designed a test rig that is useful for studying the heat transfer mechanisms that affect the outcome of radiofrequency ablation devices. Using both solid and liquid phantom materials, which simulate body tissues and blood, the test rig is designed for systematic testing of the effects of predictable flow patterns on the temperature profiles generated within the solid phantom. The test rig consists of a custom built thermistor array, a linear test chamber, and a radiofrequency generator. We calibrate the flow of a liquid phantom material to demonstrate that predictable laminar flow profiles are generated. To demonstrate the performance of the ablation system, we present preliminary data attained using a commercially available cardiac ablation catheter. The advantages of this test system are its flexibility, its reproducibility, its precision, and its low cost. Thus, it is ideally suited for studying a variety of complex ablation problems involving multiple tissues types and complex blood flow geometries. JF - Medical engineering & physics AU - Chang, I AU - Beard, B AD - US Food and Drug Administration, 12725 Twinbrook Parkway (HFZ-133), Rockville, MD 20852, USA. iac@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 633 EP - 640 VL - 24 IS - 9 SN - 1350-4533, 1350-4533 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Transducers KW - Blood Flow Velocity KW - Electric Conductivity KW - Hemorheology -- instrumentation KW - Calibration KW - Heart -- physiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Catheter Ablation -- instrumentation KW - Equipment Design KW - Catheter Ablation -- standards KW - Thermometers KW - Heart -- radiation effects KW - Radio Waves -- therapeutic use KW - Cardiac Surgical Procedures -- instrumentation KW - Quality Control KW - Equipment Failure Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Hot Temperature KW - Electrocoagulation -- standards KW - Equipment Failure Analysis -- methods KW - Electrocoagulation -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72168394?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+engineering+%26+physics&rft.atitle=Precision+test+apparatus+for+evaluating+the+heating+pattern+of+radiofrequency+ablation+devices.&rft.au=Chang%2C+I%3BBeard%2C+B&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+engineering+%26+physics&rft.issn=13504533&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-01 N1 - Date created - 2002-10-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Finding the Balance: Program Fidelity and Adaptation in Substance Abuse Prevention. A State-of-the-Art Review [and] Executive Summary. 2002 Conference Edition. AN - 62229750; ED469354 AB - One of the most difficult challenges to effective substance abuse prevention is finding the right balance between maintaining the fidelity of a science-based model prevention program and promoting adaptation of that program to reflect the circumstances of the community where it is being implemented. This state-of-the-art review, prepared for the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP), surveys 125 published and unpublished studies related to fidelity and adaptation balance, spanning more than 25 years. An extensive list of references guides researchers to the full body of literature surveyed for this review. The report first defines several key terms and then reviews the relevant research in some detail. It then presents several conclusions drawn from the literature review. The fundamental conclusion is that attention to both program fidelity and adaptation during the complex process of program implementation is critical to successful, sustained implementation of science-based substance abuse prevention programs. In addition, this paper proposes an initial set of guidelines for program implementers and also several unresolved issues that require attention from each of the primary audiences for this work. The paper concludes with a consideration of next steps for CSAP and others in order to advance the understanding of program fidelity and adaptation balance in substance abuse prevention. The executive summary is appended. (Contains 121 references.) (GCP) Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 108 KW - Adaptation Concept KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Program Design KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Scientific Research KW - Program Implementation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62229750?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - 2002 Conference Edition. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Achieving Outcomes: A Practitioner's Guide to Effective Prevention. 2002 Conference Edition. AN - 62227723; ED469593 AB - This guide presents a capacity building framework and process for demonstrating and documenting prevention outcomes. Achieving Outcomes was developed by the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) in response to requests from the prevention field for guidance in selecting and implementing science-based prevention programs. The guide is organized conceptually around a framework called a program logic model. The components of the model are the five chapters of the guide: (1) needs and assets assessment, (2) capacity building, (3) program selection, (4) implementation and assessment, and (5) final evaluation. Each chapter is graphically represented as well by a component logic model, or conceptual map, of the activities that make up the chapter. It is hoped that the guide will keep practitioners focused on authentic goals and objectives, enabling them to select an appropriate intervention that--when properly implemented, measured, and evaluated--will lead to behavioral change and, ultimately, substance abuse prevention and/or reduction. This guide seeks to help ensure that what practitioners are doing in the prevention field leads to measurable change for their chosen population, policy, or neighborhood of interest. (Contains 45 references.) (GCP) Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 155 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Practitioners KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Program Implementation KW - Program Evaluation KW - Needs Assessment KW - Outcomes of Treatment KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62227723?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - Produced with the collaboration of the Community A N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Comparison Matrix of Science-Based Prevention Programs: A Consumer's Guide for Prevention Professionals. 2002 Conference Edition. AN - 62226741; ED469592 AB - Selecting an effective prevention program for a comprehensive intervention can be a daunting task. Not only must the program address the specific needs and assets of the defined population, but also there should be a level of confidence about its ability to produce positive outcomes regardless of differing settings and differing populations. The Comparison Matrix presented in this document is a table listing some 150 substance abuse and other problem behavior prevention programs that have been rated according to their effectiveness by five Federal agencies . The Comparison Matrix is intended for use by professionals in the field who wish to identify science-based prevention programs for implementation or for further research purposes. The Comparison Matrix consists of ratings or evaluations of prevention programs made by the Federal agencies that are most widely recognized as offering credible science-based assessments of prevention programs. The assessment criteria used by the various agencies is described in the appendix to indicate the differing approaches or perspectives of the rating agencies. (GCP) Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 41 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Policymakers KW - Program Descriptions KW - Evaluation Methods KW - Program Effectiveness KW - Prevention KW - Substance Abuse KW - Scientific Research KW - Standards KW - Program Evaluation KW - Behavior Problems KW - Models UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62226741?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - From Publication to Public Action: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Perspectives on Ethnicity and Race-Related Outcomes Research AN - 60461211; 200319449 AB - The concluding article of a special issue on "Improving Health Outcomes in Diverse and Vulnerable Populations" focuses on the accomplishments & future directions of the Centers for Medical Treatment Effectiveness in Diverse Populations (MEDTEP). Emphasis is placed on the need to translate findings from ethnic- & race-related outcomes research into public action. Recent international recognition of the importance of inequalities in health care is noted, along with new research on the outcomes of health care associated with race & ethnicity, & the need for collaboration among researchers in order to move from research findings to actual improvements in health. A description of specific contributions the MEDTEP program has made to minority health focuses on documentation of the existence of disparities, understanding their causes & contributing factors, & identifying ways to eliminate them. It is concluded that completion of the MEDTEP program marks the beginning of a concerted effort to continue to identify differences & effective interventions; develop new ways to eliminate inequities; & actively promote the move from publication to public action. 19 References. J. Lindroth JF - Ethnicity & Health AU - Clancy, Carolyn AU - Stryer, Daniel AU - Eisenberg, John M AD - Agency Healthcare Research & Quality, Rockville, MD cclancy@ahrq.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 287 EP - 290 VL - 7 IS - 4 SN - 1355-7858, 1355-7858 KW - Health Research KW - Ethnicity KW - Race KW - Medical Research KW - Health KW - Health Care Services KW - article KW - 2045: sociology of health and medicine; sociology of medicine & health care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/60461211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnicity+%26+Health&rft.atitle=From+Publication+to+Public+Action%3A+Agency+for+Healthcare+Research+and+Quality+%28AHRQ%29+Perspectives+on+Ethnicity+and+Race-Related+Outcomes+Research&rft.au=Clancy%2C+Carolyn%3BStryer%2C+Daniel%3BEisenberg%2C+John+M&rft.aulast=Clancy&rft.aufirst=Carolyn&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ethnicity+%26+Health&rft.issn=13557858&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F1355785022000060745 LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - ETHEFR N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Health Care Services; Ethnicity; Race; Medical Research; Health; Health Research DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1355785022000060745 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The concentrations of arsenic and other toxic elements in Bangladesh's drinking water AN - 51770489; 2005-003879 AB - For drinking water, the people of Bangladesh used to rely on surface water, which was often contaminated with bacteria causing diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, and other life-threatening diseases. To reduce the incidences of these diseases, millions of tubewells were installed in Bangladesh since independence in 1971. This recent transition from surface water to groundwater has significantly reduced deaths from waterborne pathogens; however, new evidence suggests disease and death from arsenic (As) and other toxic elements in groundwater are affecting large areas of Bangladesh. In this evaluation, the areal and vertical distribution of As and 29 other inorganic chemicals in groundwater were determined throughout Bangladesh. This study of 30 analytes per sample and 112 samples suggests that the most significant health risk from drinking Bangladesh's tubewell water is chronic As poisoning. The As concentration ranged from <0.0007 to 0.64 mg/L, with 48% of samples above the 0.01 mg/L World Health Organization drinking water guideline. Furthermore, this study reveals unsafe levels of manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr). Our survey also suggests that groundwater with unsafe levels of As, Mn, Pb, Ni and Cr may extend beyond Bangladesh's border into the four adjacent and densely populated states in India. In addition to the health risks from individual toxins, possible multimetal synergistic and inhibitory effects are discussed. Antimony was detected in 98% of the samples from this study and magnifies the toxic effects of As. In contrast, Se and Zn were below our detection limits in large parts of Bangladesh and prevent the toxic effects of As. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Frisbie, Seth H AU - Ortega, Richard AU - Maynard, Donald M AU - Sarkar, Bibudhendra Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - November 2002 SP - 1147 EP - 1153 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Research Triangle Park, NC VL - 110 IS - 11 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - water supply KW - pollutants KW - arsenic KW - pollution KW - drinking water KW - ground water KW - Indian Peninsula KW - metals KW - Asia KW - water resources KW - heavy metals KW - Bangladesh KW - public health KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51770489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=The+concentrations+of+arsenic+and+other+toxic+elements+in+Bangladesh%27s+drinking+water&rft.au=Frisbie%2C+Seth+H%3BOrtega%2C+Richard%3BMaynard%2C+Donald+M%3BSarkar%2C+Bibudhendra&rft.aulast=Frisbie&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.jstor.org/journals/00916765.html LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 45 N1 - PubXState - NC N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables, sketch map N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - arsenic; Asia; Bangladesh; drinking water; ground water; heavy metals; Indian Peninsula; metals; pollutants; pollution; public health; water resources; water supply ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of hyperthyroidism on rat lung cytokine production and nuclear factor- Kappa B activation following ozone exposure AN - 19262742; 5826635 AB - Results from previous studies indicate that hyperthyroidism increases the risk of ozone-induced lung toxicity. To better understand the processes that might contribute to the increased pulmonary inflammatory response to ozone in hyperthyroidism, we evaluated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of selected cytokines in control and hyperthyroid rats after exposure to air or ozone. In addition, we assessed whether there is a relative increase in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- Kappa B) binding activity in cells harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage from hyperthyroid rats following the inhalation of ozone. A hyperthyroid condition was induced by the administration of thyroxine (0.5 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. Control rats received vehicle injections. The animals were then exposed by inhalation to air or ozone (2 ppm for 3 h) and studied 18 h following the exposure. Bronchoalveolar lavage levels of MIP-2 and MCP-1 were increased in both control and hyperthyroid rats by ozone exposure. However, the increases in hyperthyroid rats were much greater, MIP-2 1.5-fold and MCP-1 11-fold, when compared to levels in controls following ozone. These changes appeared to be relatively specific; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4, and IL-10 were generally low or nondetectable across all of the studied groups at the 18-h postexposure time point. We also found that NF- Kappa B binding activity was increased at both 4 and 18 h following ozone exposure in bronchoalveolar lavage cell extracts from hyperthyroid rats relative to the activity in control samples. Collectively, these results suggest that mechanisms contributing to the enhanced pulmonary inflammatory response to ozone in a hyperthyroid state include an increase in NF- Kappa B activation and an upregulation of chemokine production. JF - Inhalation Toxicology AU - Huffman, L J AU - Prugh, D J AU - Brumbaugh, K AU - Ding, M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1161 EP - 1174 PB - Taylor & Francis Inc. VL - 14 IS - 11 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - rats KW - cytokines KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Lung KW - NF-^KB protein KW - Hyperthyroidism KW - Ozone KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19262742?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+hyperthyroidism+on+rat+lung+cytokine+production+and+nuclear+factor-+Kappa+B+activation+following+ozone+exposure&rft.au=Huffman%2C+L+J%3BPrugh%2C+D+J%3BBrumbaugh%2C+K%3BDing%2C+M&rft.aulast=Huffman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+Toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - NF-^KB protein; Ozone; Lung; Hyperthyroidism; Inhalation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Digestibility of Food Allergens and Nonallergenic Proteins in Simulated Gastric Fluid and Simulated Intestinal Fluid-A Comparative Study AN - 19152830; 5757021 AB - Information on the comparative digestibility of food allergens and nonallergenic proteins is crucial when stability to digestion is to be used as a criterion to assess the allergenic potential of novel proteins. In this work, we compared the digestive stability of a number of food allergens and proteins of unproven allergenicity and examined whether allergens possess a higher stability than nonallergenic proteins of similar cellular functions, and whether there is a correlation between protein digestibility and allergenicity. The stability of groups of storage proteins, plant lectins, contractile proteins, and enzymes, both allergens and proteins with unproven allergenicity, in a standard simulated gastric fluid and a standard simulated intestinal fluid was measured. Food allergens were not necessarily more resistant to digestion than nonallergenic proteins. There was not a clear relationship between digestibility measured in vitro and protein allergenicity. JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry AU - Fu, Tong-Jen AU - Abbott, U R AU - Hatzos, C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Illinois Institute of Technology, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 7154 EP - 7160 VL - 50 IS - 24 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Gastric juice KW - Allergens KW - Food KW - Intestine KW - Enzymes KW - Proteins KW - Lectins KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19152830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Digestibility+of+Food+Allergens+and+Nonallergenic+Proteins+in+Simulated+Gastric+Fluid+and+Simulated+Intestinal+Fluid-A+Comparative+Study&rft.au=Fu%2C+Tong-Jen%3BAbbott%2C+U+R%3BHatzos%2C+C&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=Tong-Jen&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=7154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+and+Food+Chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fjf020599h LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food; Allergens; Gastric juice; Intestine; Proteins; Lectins; Enzymes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020599h ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Classification of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-metabolizing bacterium, Mycobacterium sp. strain PYR-1, as Mycobacterium vanbaalenii sp. nov AN - 18719090; 5602434 AB - A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-utilizing Mycobacterium strain, PYR-1(T), was isolated from petroleum-contaminated estuarine sediments and has been shown by 16S rRNA gene sequencing to be closely related to Mycobacterium aurum ATCC 23366(T) and Mycobacterium vaccae ATCC 15438(T). In this investigation, the 16S rDNA, fatty acid methyl esters, DNA--DNA hybridization, PFGE analysis of restriction-digested total genomic DNA and biochemical tests were used to determine the taxonomic relationship of strain PYR-1(T) to other closely related Mycobacterium species. The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of strain PYR-1(T) was similar to that of Mycobacterium austroafricanum ATCC 33464(T), except for one gap at position 43. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis also showed similarity to M. austroafricanum ATCC 33464(T); however, the Euclidean distance was greater than 4.0, indicating that these strains were not identical. Dot-blot DNA--DNA hybridization of strain PYR-1(T) with M. austroafricanum indicated less than 40% relatedness. When the total chromosomal DNA of M. aurum ATCC 23366(T), M. austroafricanum ATCC 33464(T) and strain PYR-1(T) was digested with restriction enzyme XbaI and analysed by PFGE, all three organisms gave different restriction patterns. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the reverse-phase HPLC elution profiles of mycolic acids of strain PYR-1(T) and M. austroafricanum ATCC 33464(T) have different patterns. Based on phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences, fatty acid analysis, DNA--DNA hybridization and PFGE analysis and physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is concluded that strain PYR-1(T) (=DSM 7251(T)=NRRL B-24157(T)) represents a novel species of the genus Mycobacterium, for which the name Mycobacterium vanbaalenii sp. nov. is proposed. JF - International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology AU - Khan, A A AU - Kim, S-J AU - Paine, D D AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 1997 EP - 2002 VL - 52 IS - 6 SN - 1466-5026, 1466-5026 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Genetics Abstracts KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18719090?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Classification+of+a+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon-metabolizing+bacterium%2C+Mycobacterium+sp.+strain+PYR-1%2C+as+Mycobacterium+vanbaalenii+sp.+nov&rft.au=Khan%2C+A+A%3BKim%2C+S-J%3BPaine%2C+D+D%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1997&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.issn=14665026&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistent organic pollutants exposure assessment using the US Total Diet Study AN - 18691198; 5585660 AB - The assessment presented in the core paper of this debate by Schafer and Kegley does not adequately describe the computational methodology or sources of data that were used to estimate exposures. While it is difficult to determine from the article, the exposure estimates seem to be very dependent on action levels, rather than on empirically derived data. There is no adequate presentation of analytical methods, limits of detection, or the significance of non-detects in deriving estimates of exposure. JF - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health AU - Bolger, P M AU - Egan, K AU - Jensen, E AU - Canady, R AD - Division of Risk Assessment, US Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740-3835, USA, Philip.Bolger@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 818 EP - 819 VL - 56 IS - 11 SN - 0143-005X, 0143-005X KW - exposure KW - persistent organic pollutants KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18691198?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Epidemiology+and+Community+Health&rft.atitle=Persistent+organic+pollutants+exposure+assessment+using+the+US+Total+Diet+Study&rft.au=Bolger%2C+P+M%3BEgan%2C+K%3BJensen%2C+E%3BCanady%2C+R&rft.aulast=Bolger&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=818&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Epidemiology+and+Community+Health&rft.issn=0143005X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide Use and Practices in an Iowa Farm Family Pesticide Exposure Study AN - 18652901; 5558883 AB - Residents of Iowa were enrolled in a study investigating differences in pesticide contamination and exposure factors between 25 farm homes and 25 non-farm homes. The target pesticides investigated were atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, alachlor, 2,4-D, glyphosate, and chlorpyrifos; all were applied to either corn or soybean crops. A questionnaire was administered to all participants to determine residential pesticide use in and around the home. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to the farmers to determine the agricultural pesticides they used on the farm and their application practices. Non-agricultural pesticides were used more in and around farm homes than non-farm homes. Atrazine was the agricultural pesticide used most by farmers. Most farmers applied pesticides themselves but only 10 (59%) used tractors with enclosed cabs, and they typically wore little personal protective equipment (PPE). On almost every farm, more than one agricultural pesticide was applied. Corn was grown by 23 (92%) farmers and soybeans by 12 (48%) farmers. Of these, 10 (40%) grew both soybeans and corn, with only 2 (8%) growing only soybeans and 13 (52%) growing only corn. The majority of farmers changed from their work clothes and shoes in the home, and when they changed outside or in the garage, they usually brought their clothes and shoes inside. Applying pesticides using tractors with open cabs, not wearing PPE, and changing from work clothes in the home may increase pesticide exposure and contamination. Almost half of the 66 farm children less than 16 years of age were engaged in some form of farm chores, with 6 (9%) potentially directly exposed to pesticides, while only 2 (4%) of the 52 non-farm children less than 16 years of age had farm chores, and none were directly exposed to pesticides. Farm homes may be contaminated with pesticides in several ways, resulting in potentially more contamination than non-farm homes, and farm children may be directly exposed to pesticides through farm chores involving pesticides. In addition to providing a description of pesticide use, the data presented here will be useful in evaluating potential contributing factors to household pesticide contamination and family exposure. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Curwin, B AU - Sanderson, W AU - Reynolds, S AU - Hein, M AU - Alavanja, M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway MS R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA, bcurwin@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 423 EP - 433 VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - farming KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - H 5000:Pesticides KW - X 24136:Environmental impact UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18652901?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=Pesticide+Use+and+Practices+in+an+Iowa+Farm+Family+Pesticide+Exposure+Study&rft.au=Curwin%2C+B%3BSanderson%2C+W%3BReynolds%2C+S%3BHein%2C+M%3BAlavanja%2C+M&rft.aulast=Curwin&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Phloxine B and Other Halogenated Fluoresceins against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus AN - 18605189; 5466871 AB - Fluorescein dyes in which the benzoic acid moiety has been tetrachlorinated (50 to 100 mu g/ml) inhibit in vitro Staphylococcus aureus growth (MIC, 25 mu g/ml). Specifically, under standard room illumination, phloxine B at a concentration of 100 mu g/ml killed 99% of the cultures (mid-log phase). It also reduced S. aureus CFU by 10. Structure-activity analysis revealed that the activity against S. aureus increases with the increase in the number of the substituting halogens in the hydroxyxanthene moiety. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Rasooly, A AU - Weisz, A AD - Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, HFS-126, 200 C St., S.W., Washington, DC 20204, aweisz@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2002/11// PY - 2002 DA - Nov 2002 SP - 3650 EP - 3653 VL - 46 IS - 11 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - methicillin KW - phloxine B KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18605189?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=In+Vitro+Antibacterial+Activities+of+Phloxine+B+and+Other+Halogenated+Fluoresceins+against+Methicillin-Resistant+Staphylococcus+aureus&rft.au=Rasooly%2C+A%3BWeisz%2C+A&rft.aulast=Rasooly&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3650&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAAC.46.11.3650-3653.2002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.46.11.3650-3653.2002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and employment by industry and occupation in the US population: a study of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. AN - 72155599; 12370162 AB - Data from the US population-based Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 1988 to 1994, were used to estimate the population prevalence, prevalence odds ratios, and attributable fractions for the association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with employment by industry and occupation. The aim was to identify industries and occupations at increased risk of COPD. COPD was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1))/forced vital capacity <70% and FEV(1 )<80% predicted. The authors used SUDAAN software (Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina) to estimate the weighted population prevalence and odds ratios using 9,823 subjects aged 30-75 years who underwent lung function tests. Odds ratios for COPD, adjusted for age, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, body mass index, education, and socioeconomic status, were increased for the following industries: rubber, plastics, and leather manufacturing; utilities; office building services; textile mill products manufacturing; the armed forces; food products manufacturing; repair services and gas stations; agriculture; sales; construction; transportation and trucking; personal services; and health care. Occupations associated with increased odds ratios for COPD were freight, stock, and material handlers; records processing and distribution clerks; sales; transportation-related occupations; machine operators; construction trades; and waitresses. The fraction of COPD attributable to work was estimated as 19.2% overall and 31.1% among never smokers. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Hnizdo, Eva AU - Sullivan, Patricia A AU - Bang, Ki Moon AU - Wagner, Gregory AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Exh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2002/10/15/ PY - 2002 DA - 2002 Oct 15 SP - 738 EP - 746 VL - 156 IS - 8 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Index Medicus KW - Software KW - Odds Ratio KW - Social Class KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Prevalence KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Employment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- epidemiology KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- economics KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72155599?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Association+between+chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease+and+employment+by+industry+and