TY - JOUR T1 - Glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate and dopamine receptors have contrasting effects on the limbic versus the somatosensory cortex with respect to amphetamine-induced neurodegeneration AN - 17621233; 6163175 AB - The roles that glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptors play in the cortical neurotoxicity occurring in rats exposed to multiple doses of amphetamine (AMPH) for 2 days was evaluated. Neurodegeneration in rats that did not become hyperthermic during AMPH exposure was quantified by counting isolectin B4-labeled phagocytic microglia and Fluoro-Jade (F-J)-labeled neurons in the somatosensory parietal cortex, piriform cortex and posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus (PLCo). The NMDA receptor antagonist, dizocilpine (0.63 mg/kg day) blocked AMPH-induced neurodegeneration in the somatosensory cortex. However, it did not affect degeneration in the piriform cortex and PLCo indicating that limbic degeneration was not NMDA-mediated. The dopamine antagonists, eticlopride (D2/3, 0.25 mg/kg day) and SCH-23390 (D1, 0.25 mg/kg day), blocked the stereotypic behavior and neurodegeneration in the somatosensory cortex. However, eticlopride had a lesser protective effect in the limbic regions. As well, the dopamine D2/D3 agonist quinpirole (1.5 mg/kg day) protected against cortical neurodegeneration when it was given during AMPH exposure and continued until sacrifice. The dopamine D1 agonist (SKF-38393, 12.5 mg/kg day) had no significant effect on neurodegeneration. These data indicate that there are significant differences in NMDA and dopamine D2 modulation of AMPH-induced neurodegeneration in the somatosensory cortex compared to the limbic cortices, and limbic cortical degeneration is not necessarily dependent on excessive stimulation of NMDA receptors as it is in the somatosensory cortex. Although excessive dopamine receptor stimulation during amphetamine exposure may trigger the neurodegenerative processes, continued D2 stimulation after AMPH exposure is neuroprotective in the cortex. JF - Brain Research AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Delongchamp, R R AU - Jakab, R L AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States, jbowyer@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12/31/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 31 SP - 234 EP - 246 VL - 1030 IS - 2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24115:Pathology KW - N3 11106:Neurobiology of drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17621233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research&rft.atitle=Glutamate+N-methyl-d-aspartate+and+dopamine+receptors+have+contrasting+effects+on+the+limbic+versus+the+somatosensory+cortex+with+respect+to+amphetamine-induced+neurodegeneration&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BDelongchamp%2C+R+R%3BJakab%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-12-31&rft.volume=1030&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+Research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.brainres.2004.10.013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2004.10.013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue confirmation of beta-agonists in bovine retina and liver using LC-ES/MS/MS. AN - 67099271; 15556513 AB - Misuse of numerous beta-agonist drugs for their growth promoting effects in livestock production requires significant regulatory enforcement activities worldwide. The proof of illegal drug use needed for regulatory action usually requires the high degree of specificity derived from mass spectrometric analysis of suspect tissues and body fluids. In this paper, we describe a multiresidue screening method for confirmation of nine beta-agonist compounds in bovine liver and retina. A wide range of analyte structures was selected in order to demonstrate applicability to other chemically related beta-agonists for which standards are not currently available. The class-specific method, which is based on mixed mode cation exchange/reverse phase solid phase extraction, reverse phase gradient LC separation using a cyanopropyl-silica phase, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, yields high analyte recoveries at the target level of 1 ppb (ng/g). In addition, acquisition of multiple MRM transitions for each analyte permits simultaneous confirmation of beta-agonists at the level of 1 ppb in liver and retina by using intensity ratios between fragment ions and protonated molecules. Estimated values for the limit of quantification (LOQ) for individual beta-agonists were 0.08-0.3 ppb in liver and 0.02-0.5 in retina; the estimated limits of confirmation, using accepted criteria from international regulatory agencies, were 0.25-0.8 ppb in liver and 0.1-1 ppb in retina. This method should be useful in supporting regulatory enforcement programs that monitor beta-agonist misuse. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Williams, Lee D AU - Churchwell, Mona I AU - Doerge, Daniel R AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/12/25/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 25 SP - 35 EP - 45 VL - 813 IS - 1-2 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- analysis KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Retina -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67099271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+confirmation+of+beta-agonists+in+bovine+retina+and+liver+using+LC-ES%2FMS%2FMS.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Lee+D%3BChurchwell%2C+Mona+I%3BDoerge%2C+Daniel+R&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft.date=2004-12-25&rft.volume=813&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lactoperoxidase-Catalyzed Activation of Carcinogenic Aromatic and Heterocyclic Amines AN - 17742683; 6121891 AB - Lactoperoxidase, an enzyme secreted from the human mammary gland, plays a host defensive role through antimicrobial activity. It has been implicated in mutagenic and carcinogenic activation in the human mammary gland. The potential role of heterocyclic and aromatic amines in the etiology of breast cancer led us to examination of the lactoperoxidase-catalyzed activation of the most commonly studied arylamine carcinogens: 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]-pyridine (PhIP), benzidine, 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx). In vitro activation was performed with lactoperoxidase (partially purified from bovine milk or human milk) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and calf thymus DNA. Products formed during enzymatic activation were monitored by HPLC with ultraviolet and radiometric detection. Two of these products were characterized as hydrazo and azo derivatives by means of mass spectrometry. The DNA binding level of super(3)H- and super(14)C-radiolabeled amines after peroxidase-catalyzed activation was dependent on the hydrogen peroxide concentration, and the highest levels of carcinogen binding to DNA were observed at 100 mu M H sub(2)O sub(2). Carcinogen activation and the level of binding to DNA were in the order of benzidine > ABP > IQ > MeIQx > PhIP. One of the ABP adducts was identified, and the level at which it is formed was estimated to be six adducts/10 super(5) nucleotides. The susceptibility of aromatic and heterocyclic amines for lactoperoxidase-catalyzed activation and the binding levels of activated products to DNA suggest a potential role of lactoperoxidase-catalyzed activation of carcinogens in the etiology of breast cancer. JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology AU - Gorlewska-Roberts, K M AU - Teitel, CH AU - Lay, JO Jr AU - Roberts, D W AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, HFT 100, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA Y1 - 2004/12/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 20 SP - 1659 EP - 1666 VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Calf thymus KW - Heterocyclic amines KW - Etiology KW - Antimicrobial activity KW - Milk KW - Mammary gland KW - Adducts KW - Peroxidase KW - Carcinogens KW - Nucleotides KW - Spectrometry KW - amines KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - DNA KW - Breast cancer KW - Aromatics KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17742683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Lactoperoxidase-Catalyzed+Activation+of+Carcinogenic+Aromatic+and+Heterocyclic+Amines&rft.au=Gorlewska-Roberts%2C+K+M%3BTeitel%2C+CH%3BLay%2C+JO+Jr%3BRoberts%2C+D+W%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Gorlewska-Roberts&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-12-20&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Ftx049787n LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Calf thymus; High-performance liquid chromatography; Heterocyclic amines; Antimicrobial activity; Etiology; Milk; Mammary gland; Peroxidase; Adducts; Carcinogens; Nucleotides; Spectrometry; amines; Hydrogen peroxide; DNA; Breast cancer; Aromatics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx049787n ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approval summary: Docetaxel in combination with prednisone for the treatment of androgen-independent hormone-refractory prostate cancer. AN - 67200059; 15623588 AB - Docetaxel, a taxane previously approved for the treatment of breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration on May 19, 2004 for use in combination with prednisone for the treatment of metastatic androgen-independent (hormone-refractory) prostate cancer. The purpose of this summary is to review the database supporting this approval. In a randomized, global study enrolling 1,006 patients, two schedules of docetaxel were compared with mitoxantrone + prednisone as follows: MTZ q 3w, mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2 every 21 days + prednisone 5 mg twice a day for a total of 10 cycles; TXT q 3w, docetaxel 75 mg/m2 every 21 days + prednisone 5 mg twice a day for a total of 10 cycles; and TXT qw, docetaxel 30 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 every 6 weeks + prednisone 5 mg twice a day for a total of 5 cycles. There was a statistically significant overall survival advantage shown for the TXT q 3w arm over MTZ q 3w (median survival 18.9 months versus 16.5 months, P = 0.0094). No overall survival advantage was shown for TXT qw compared with MTZ q 3w. The most commonly occurring adverse events included anemia, neutropenia, infection, nausea, sensory neuropathy, fluid retention, alopecia, nail changes, diarrhea, and fatigue. This report describes the Food and Drug Administration review supporting this first approval of a combination therapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer based on demonstration of a survival benefit. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Dagher, Ramzi AU - Li, Ning AU - Abraham, Sophia AU - Rahman, Atiqur AU - Sridhara, Raji AU - Pazdur, Richard AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. dagherr@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 15 SP - 8147 EP - 8151 VL - 10 IS - 24 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Taxoids KW - 0 KW - docetaxel KW - 15H5577CQD KW - Mitoxantrone KW - BZ114NVM5P KW - Prostate-Specific Antigen KW - EC 3.4.21.77 KW - Prednisone KW - VB0R961HZT KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Mitoxantrone -- administration & dosage KW - Aged KW - Taxoids -- administration & dosage KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Survival Rate KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Prostate-Specific Antigen -- metabolism KW - Adult KW - Adenocarcinoma -- secondary KW - Middle Aged KW - Adenocarcinoma -- drug therapy KW - Male KW - Prednisone -- administration & dosage KW - Drug Approval KW - Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent -- drug therapy KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67200059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Approval+summary%3A+Docetaxel+in+combination+with+prednisone+for+the+treatment+of+androgen-independent+hormone-refractory+prostate+cancer.&rft.au=Dagher%2C+Ramzi%3BLi%2C+Ning%3BAbraham%2C+Sophia%3BRahman%2C+Atiqur%3BSridhara%2C+Raji%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Dagher&rft.aufirst=Ramzi&rft.date=2004-12-15&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=8147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity: case studies. AN - 67154209; 15582646 AB - Experience with dose response and mechanisms of toxicity has shown that multiple mechanisms may exist for a single agent along the continuum of the full dose-response curve. It is highly likely that critical, limiting steps in any given mechanistic pathway may become overwhelmed with increasing exposures, signaling the emergence of new modalities of toxic tissue injury at these higher doses. Therefore, dose-dependent transitions in principal mechanisms of toxicity may occur, and could have significant impact on the interpretation of reference data sets for risk assessment. To illustrate the existence of dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity, a group of academic, government, and industry scientists, formed under the leadership of the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI), developed a series of case studies. These case studies included acetaminophen, butadiene, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, manganese, methylene chloride, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), progesterone/hydroxyflutamide, propylene oxide, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, and zinc. The case studies formed the basis for technical discourse at two scientific workshops in 2003. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Slikker, William AU - Andersen, Melvin E AU - Bogdanffy, Matthew S AU - Bus, James S AU - Cohen, Steven D AU - Conolly, Rory B AU - David, Raymond M AU - Doerrer, Nancy G AU - Dorman, David C AU - Gaylor, David W AU - Hattis, Dale AU - Rogers, John M AU - Setzer, R Woodrow AU - Swenberg, James A AU - Wallace, Kendall AD - US FDA National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/12/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 15 SP - 226 EP - 294 VL - 201 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic KW - 0 KW - Androgen Antagonists KW - Butadienes KW - Dichloroethylenes KW - Epoxy Compounds KW - Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors KW - Vinyl Compounds KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - vinylidene chloride KW - 21SK105J9D KW - hydroxyflutamide KW - 31D90UKP5Y KW - Acetaminophen KW - 362O9ITL9D KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Flutamide KW - 76W6J0943E KW - Ethylene Glycol KW - FC72KVT52F KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - vinyl acetate KW - L9MK238N77 KW - propylene oxide KW - Y4Y7NYD4BK KW - Index Medicus KW - Dichloroethylenes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Animals KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic -- pharmacokinetics KW - Humans KW - Zinc -- pharmacokinetics KW - Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors -- physiology KW - Formaldehyde -- administration & dosage KW - Progesterone -- administration & dosage KW - Dichloroethylenes -- administration & dosage KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Androgen Antagonists -- administration & dosage KW - Vinyl Compounds -- toxicity KW - Manganese -- administration & dosage KW - Progesterone -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ethylene Glycol -- toxicity KW - Methylene Chloride -- pharmacokinetics KW - Epoxy Compounds -- toxicity KW - Manganese -- pharmacokinetics KW - Formaldehyde -- toxicity KW - Acetaminophen -- toxicity KW - Acetaminophen -- administration & dosage KW - Zinc -- administration & dosage KW - Androgen Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Acetaminophen -- pharmacokinetics KW - Progesterone -- toxicity KW - Ethylene Glycol -- administration & dosage KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Zinc -- toxicity KW - Ethylene Glycol -- pharmacokinetics KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic -- administration & dosage KW - Manganese Poisoning -- metabolism KW - Butadienes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Dichloroethylenes -- toxicity KW - Epoxy Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Methylene Chloride -- toxicity KW - Butadienes -- toxicity KW - Androgen Antagonists -- pharmacokinetics KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic -- toxicity KW - Butadienes -- administration & dosage KW - Epoxy Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Methylene Chloride -- administration & dosage KW - Formaldehyde -- pharmacokinetics KW - Vinyl Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Vinyl Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Flutamide -- analogs & derivatives KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions -- chemically induced KW - Flutamide -- pharmacokinetics KW - Flutamide -- toxicity KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions -- metabolism KW - Flutamide -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67154209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+Mice+Deficient+in+the+MHC+Class+II+Transactivator+to+Infection+with+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis&rft.au=Repique%2C+C+J%3BLi%2C+A%3BBrickey%2C+W+J%3BTing%2C+J+P%3BCollins%2C+F+M%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Repique&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=03009475&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-3083.2003.01266.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanistic and epidemiologic considerations in the evaluation of adverse birth outcomes following gestational exposure to statins. AN - 67108086; 15546153 AB - The cholesterol-lowering "statin" drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy, but few data exist on their safety in human gestation. We reviewed case reports for patterns suggesting drug-related effects on prenatal development and considered a variety of mechanisms by which such effects, if confirmed, might occur. This uncontrolled case series included all FDA reports of statin exposures during gestation, as well as others from the literature and from manufacturers. Exposures and outcomes were reviewed and were tabulated by individual drug. Age-specific rates of exposure to each drug among women of child-bearing age were estimated. Of 214 ascertained pregnancy exposures, 70 evaluable reports remained after excluding uninformative cases. Among 31 adverse outcomes were 22 cases with structural defects, 4 cases of intrauterine growth restriction, and 5 cases of fetal demise. There were two principal categories of recurrent structural defects: cerivastatin and lovastatin were associated with four reports of severe midline CNS defects; simvastatin, lovastatin, and atorvastatin were all associated with reports of limb deficiencies, including two similar complex lower limb defects reported following simvastatin exposure. There were also two cases of VACTERL association among the limb deficiency cases. All adverse outcomes were reported following exposure to cerivastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, or atorvastatin, which are lipophilic and equilibrate between maternal and embryonic compartments. None were reported following exposure to pravastatin, which is minimally present in the embryo. Statins reaching the embryo may down-regulate biosynthesis of cholesterol as well as many important metabolic intermediates, and may have secondary effects on sterol-dependent morphogens such as Sonic Hedgehog. The reported cases display patterns consistent with dysfunction of cholesterol biosynthesis and Sonic Hedgehog activity. Controlled studies are needed to investigate the teratogenicity of individual drugs in this class. JF - American journal of medical genetics. Part A AU - Edison, Robin J AU - Muenke, Maximilian AD - Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3717, USA. Y1 - 2004/12/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 15 SP - 287 EP - 298 VL - 131 IS - 3 SN - 1552-4825, 1552-4825 KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Pregnancy Outcome UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67108086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+medical+genetics.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Mechanistic+and+epidemiologic+considerations+in+the+evaluation+of+adverse+birth+outcomes+following+gestational+exposure+to+statins.&rft.au=Edison%2C+Robin+J%3BMuenke%2C+Maximilian&rft.aulast=Edison&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2004-12-15&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+medical+genetics.+Part+A&rft.issn=15524825&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Med Genet A. 2005 Jun 1;135(2):230-1; author reply 232-4 [15810007] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metal-induced oxidative stress and signal transduction. AN - 67075082; 15544913 AB - Occupational and environmental exposures to metals are associated with the development of various cancers. Although carcinogenesis caused by metals has been intensively investigated, the mechanisms of action, especially at the molecular level, are still unclear. Accumulating evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species generated by metals may play an important role in the etiology of disease. This review covers recent advances in (1) metal-induced generation of reactive oxygen species; (2) the receptors, kinases, and nuclear transcription factors affected by metals and metal-induced oxidative stress, including growth factor receptors, src kinase, ras signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinases, the phosphoinositide 3-phosphate/Akt pathway, nuclear transcription factor kappaB, activator protein 1, p53, nuclear factor of activated T cells, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1; and (3) global cellular phenomena (signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis) associated with metal-induced ROS production and gene expression. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Harris, Gabriel K AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS/2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. SEL5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 15 SP - 1921 EP - 1942 VL - 37 IS - 12 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Metals KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Transcription Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Metals -- pharmacology KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Metals -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67075082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Metal-induced+oxidative+stress+and+signal+transduction.&rft.au=Leonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BHarris%2C+Gabriel+K%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2004-12-15&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1921&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-11-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glucose Tolerance and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Nulliparous Women Who Smoke during Pregnancy AN - 17821881; 6098034 AB - Gestational diabetes mellitus has been associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes, including preeclampsia and fetal macrosomia. Although cigarette smoking has been associated with increased insulin resistance, its effect on gestational diabetes mellitus risk is uncertain. The authors evaluated the effects of smoking on glucose tolerance in a cohort of pregnant women who participated in the Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention trial, a randomized study of nulliparous women conducted in five US medical centers from 1992 to 1995. Results of screening and diagnostic testing for gestational diabetes mellitus were analyzed. For 3,774 of the 4,589 women enrolled, plasma glucose concentration 1 hour after a 50-g oral glucose challenge and complete information on pregnancy outcome were available; for 3,602 of the women, gestational diabetes mellitus status was known. Adjusted mean 1-hour plasma glucose concentration (mg/dl) was elevated in women who smoked at study enrollment (112.6, 95% confidence interval: 110.0, 115.3) compared with women who had never smoked (108.3, 95% confidence interval: 106.7, 109.8; p < 0.01). Women who smoked were at increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus when criteria proposed by the National Diabetes Data Group were used (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 3.6). These findings support an association between smoking and gestational diabetes mellitus. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - England, Lucinda J AU - Levine, Richard J AU - Qian, Cong AU - Soule, Lisa M AU - Schisterman, Enrique F AU - Yu, Kai F AU - Catalano, Patrick M AD - Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD. Y1 - 2004/12/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 15 SP - 1205 EP - 1213 PB - Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health VL - 160 IS - 12 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Diabetes mellitus KW - Calcium KW - Cigarette smoking KW - Pre-eclampsia KW - Glucose KW - Glucose tolerance KW - Insulin KW - Fetuses KW - Infants KW - Pregnancy KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17821881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Glucose+Tolerance+and+Risk+of+Gestational+Diabetes+Mellitus+in+Nulliparous+Women+Who+Smoke+during+Pregnancy&rft.au=England%2C+Lucinda+J%3BLevine%2C+Richard+J%3BQian%2C+Cong%3BSoule%2C+Lisa+M%3BSchisterman%2C+Enrique+F%3BYu%2C+Kai+F%3BCatalano%2C+Patrick+M&rft.aulast=England&rft.aufirst=Lucinda&rft.date=2004-12-15&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabetes mellitus; Glucose; Pre-eclampsia; Glucose tolerance; Pregnancy; Fetuses; Calcium; Cigarette smoking; Infants; Insulin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on pulmonary metabolic activation of mutagenic agents AN - 17801581; 6155480 AB - Exposure of rats to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) or carbon black (CB) has been shown to induce time-dependent changes in CYP1A1and CYP2B1 in the lung. The present study evaluated the role of these metabolic enzymes on the pulmonary bioactivation of mutagens. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with saline (control), DEP or CB (35mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed at 1, 3, or 7 days post-exposure. Both control and exposed lung S9 increased the mutagenic activity of 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA), 2-aminofluorene (2-AF), 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), and the organic extract of DEP (DEPE) in Ames tests with Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 in a dose-dependent manner. Lung microsomes prepared form control or particle-exposed S9, but not cytosolic protein, activated 2-AA mutagenicity. Compared to saline controls, CB-exposed S9 was a less potent inducer of 2-AA mutagenicity at all time points, whereas DEP-exposed S9 was less potent than control saline at 3 and 7 days but not 1 day post-exposure. At 3 days post-exposure, DEP- or CB-exposed lung S9 did not significantly affect the mutagenicity of DEPE or 1-NP, when compared to the controls. The mutgenicity of 2-AA, 2-AF, 1-NP, and DEPE were significantly decreased in the presence of inhibitors for CYP1A1 ( alpha -naphthoflavone) or CYP2B (metyrapone), but markedly enhanced by CYP1A1 or CYP2B1 supersomes with all the cofactors, suggesting that both CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 were responsible for mutagen activation. These results demonstrated that exposure of rats to DEP or CB altered metabolic activity of lung S9 and S9 metabolic activity dependent mutagen activation. The bioactivation of mutagens are metabolic enzyme- and substrate-specific, and both CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 play important roles in pulmonary mutagen activation. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Zhao, H W AU - Barger, M W AU - Ma, JKH AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, JYC AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, jym1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12/12/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 12 SP - 103 EP - 113 VL - 564 IS - 2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - 2-Aminofluorene KW - Mutagens KW - alpha -Naphthoflavone KW - Microsomes KW - saline KW - 1-Nitropyrene KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - 2-Aminoanthracene KW - Ames test KW - Mutagenesis KW - Exhausts KW - Carbon KW - Cofactors KW - Body weight KW - Lung KW - Metabolic activation KW - Diesel KW - Cytochrome P450 KW - Mutation KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17801581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Effects+of+exposure+to+diesel+exhaust+particles+%28DEP%29+on+pulmonary+metabolic+activation+of+mutagenic+agents&rft.au=Zhao%2C+H+W%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BMa%2C+JKH%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+JYC&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-12-12&rft.volume=564&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.mrgentox.2004.07.014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 2-Aminofluorene; alpha -Naphthoflavone; Mutagens; Microsomes; saline; 1-Nitropyrene; Ames test; 2-Aminoanthracene; Exhausts; Mutagenesis; Cofactors; Carbon; Body weight; Lung; Metabolic activation; Diesel; Cytochrome P450; Mutation; Salmonella typhimurium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.07.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment and maintenance of records under the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002. Final rule. AN - 67164175; 15586951 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final regulation that requires the establishment and maintenance of records by persons who manufacture, process, pack, transport, distribute, receive, hold, or import food in the United States. Such records are to allow for the identification of the immediate previous sources and immediate subsequent recipients of food. The final rule implements the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 (the Bioterrorism Act), and is necessary to help address credible threats of serious adverse health consequences or death to humans or animals. The requirement to establish and maintain records is one of several tools that will help improve FDA's ability to respond to, and further contain, threats of serious adverse health consequences or death to humans or animals from accidental or deliberate contamination of food. In the event of an outbreak of foodborne illness, such information will help FDA and other authorities determine the source and cause of the event. In addition, the information will improve FDA's ability to quickly notify the consumers and/or facilities that might be affected by the outbreak. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2004/12/09/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 09 SP - 71561 EP - 71655 VL - 69 IS - 236 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Security Measures -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Bioterrorism -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Public Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Forms and Records Control -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Industry -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Contamination -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67164175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Establishment+and+maintenance+of+records+under+the+Public+Health+Security+and+Bioterrorism+Preparedness+and+Response+Act+of+2002.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2004-12-09&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=236&rft.spage=71561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hematotoxicity in Workers Exposed to Low Levels of Benzene AN - 17707169; 6095137 AB - Benzene is known to have toxic effects on the blood and bone marrow, but its impact at levels below the U.S. occupational standard of 1 part per million (ppm) remains uncertain. In a study of 250 workers exposed to benzene, white blood cell and platelet counts were significantly lower than in 140 controls, even for exposure below 1 ppm in air. Progenitor cell colony formation significantly declined with increasing benzene exposure and was more sensitive to the effects of benzene than was the number of mature blood cells. Two genetic variants in key metabolizing enzymes, myeloperoxidase and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, influenced susceptibility to benzene hematotoxicity. Thus, hematotoxicity from exposure to benzene occurred at air levels of 1 ppm or less and may be particularly evident among genetically susceptible subpopulations. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Lan, Qing AU - Zhang, Luoping AU - Li, Guilan AU - Vermeulen, Roel AU - Weinberg, Rona S AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AU - Rappaport, Stephen M AU - Shen, Min AU - Alter, Blanche P AU - Wu, Yongji AU - Kopp, William AU - Waidyanatha, Suramya AU - Rabkin, Charles AU - Guo, Weihong AU - Chanock, Stephen AU - Hayes, Richard B AU - Linet, Martha AU - Kim, Sungkyoon AU - Yin, Songnian AU - Rothman, Nathaniel AU - Smith, Martyn T AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, martynts@berkeley.edu Y1 - 2004/12/03/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 03 SP - 1774 EP - 1776 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington DC 20005 USA, [mailto:membership@aaas.org], [URL:http://www.aaas.org] VL - 306 IS - 5702 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase KW - Lymphocytes KW - Toxicity KW - benzene KW - Myeloperoxidase KW - Benzene KW - Blood KW - USA KW - Platelets KW - Hematology KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17707169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Hematotoxicity+in+Workers+Exposed+to+Low+Levels+of+Benzene&rft.au=Lan%2C+Qing%3BZhang%2C+Luoping%3BLi%2C+Guilan%3BVermeulen%2C+Roel%3BWeinberg%2C+Rona+S%3BDosemeci%2C+Mustafa%3BRappaport%2C+Stephen+M%3BShen%2C+Min%3BAlter%2C+Blanche+P%3BWu%2C+Yongji%3BKopp%2C+William%3BWaidyanatha%2C+Suramya%3BRabkin%2C+Charles%3BGuo%2C+Weihong%3BChanock%2C+Stephen%3BHayes%2C+Richard+B%3BLinet%2C+Martha%3BKim%2C+Sungkyoon%3BYin%2C+Songnian%3BRothman%2C+Nathaniel%3BSmith%2C+Martyn+T&rft.aulast=Lan&rft.aufirst=Qing&rft.date=2004-12-03&rft.volume=306&rft.issue=5702&rft.spage=1774&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.1102443 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood; Platelets; NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase; Hematology; Toxicity; Lymphocytes; Myeloperoxidase; Benzene; Occupational exposure; benzene; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1102443 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute effects of adrenergic agents on post-defibrillation arrest time in a cultured heart model AN - 860375888; 14033846 AB - Possible drug interactions with electrical defibrillation were examined. We tested the hypothesis that adrenergic agents (epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol) and a calcium channel blocker (verapamil), when applied acutely, alter the duration of arrest following a defibrillator shock. A secondary hypothesis (based on observations) was that the drugs alter the occurrence of changes to normal rhythms following the shock. Dissociated heart cells from 10-day chicken embryos were cultured to form spherical aggregates and plated in petri dishes. In the experiments, the spheres were paced at 0.75 V/cm above contraction threshold, and a biphasic defibrillator shock was applied for 1ms at 46 V/cm. The arrest time and occurrence of rhythm changes were recorded. The adrenergic agents shortened the duration of arrest following a defibrillator shock, while the calcium channel blocker lengthened the arrest time. Comparisons with the control proportion of double beats showed no significant change with the adrenergic agents and a decrease with verapamil. JF - Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences AU - Krauthamer, V AU - Smith, T C AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, 12725 Twinbrook Parkway, Mail stop HFZ-130, Rockville, Maryland, 20852, USA, victor.krauthamer@hhs.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 3093 EP - 3099 PB - Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg), Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 61 IS - 24 SN - 1420-682X, 1420-682X KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Heart KW - Drug interaction KW - Acute effects KW - Verapamil KW - Shock KW - Defibrillators KW - Norepinephrine KW - Calcium channels KW - isoproterenol KW - Rhythms KW - Embryos KW - Epinephrine KW - X 24310:Pharmaceuticals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860375888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+and+Molecular+Life+Sciences&rft.atitle=Acute+effects+of+adrenergic+agents+on+post-defibrillation+arrest+time+in+a+cultured+heart+model&rft.au=Krauthamer%2C+V%3BSmith%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Krauthamer&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=3093&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+and+Molecular+Life+Sciences&rft.issn=1420682X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00018-004-4372-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acute effects; Heart; Drug interaction; Verapamil; Shock; Defibrillators; Norepinephrine; Calcium channels; isoproterenol; Embryos; Rhythms; Epinephrine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-004-4372-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gliomas and farm pesticide exposure in men: the upper midwest health study. AN - 67314176; 16789473 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health evaluated farm pesticide exposure and glioma risk in a study that included 457 glioma cases and 648 population-based controls, all adult men (18-80 yr old) and nonmetropolitan residents of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Multiple logistic regressions were used to control for farm residence, age, age group, education, and exposure to other pesticides. No associations were found between glioma and 12 specific pesticides. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and found reduced glioma risk for insecticides (OR = 0.53, CI = 0.37-0.77), fumigants (OR = 0.57, CI = 0.34-0.95), and organochlorines (OR = 0.66, CI = 0.47-0.94). In analyses excluding proxy respondents (47% of cases) most CIs included 1.0. No positive association of farm pesticide exposure and glioma was found. Other farm exposures may explain the excess brain cancer risk seen in previous studies. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Ruder, Avima M AU - Waters, Martha A AU - Butler, Mary Ann AU - Carreón, Tania AU - Calvert, Geoffrey M AU - Davis-King, Karen E AU - Schulte, Paul A AU - Sanderson, Wayne T AU - Ward, Elizabeth M AU - Connally, L Barbara AU - Heineman, Ellen F AU - Mandel, Jack S AU - Morton, Roscoe F AU - Reding, Douglas J AU - Rosenman, Kenneth D AU - Talaska, Glenn AU - Brain Cancer Collaborative Study Group AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. amr2@cdc.gov ; Brain Cancer Collaborative Study Group Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 650 EP - 657 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Risk Assessment KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Wisconsin -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Iowa -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Michigan -- epidemiology KW - Minnesota -- epidemiology KW - Glioma -- chemically induced KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Glioma -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67314176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Gliomas+and+farm+pesticide+exposure+in+men%3A+the+upper+midwest+health+study.&rft.au=Ruder%2C+Avima+M%3BWaters%2C+Martha+A%3BButler%2C+Mary+Ann%3BCarre%C3%B3n%2C+Tania%3BCalvert%2C+Geoffrey+M%3BDavis-King%2C+Karen+E%3BSchulte%2C+Paul+A%3BSanderson%2C+Wayne+T%3BWard%2C+Elizabeth+M%3BConnally%2C+L+Barbara%3BHeineman%2C+Ellen+F%3BMandel%2C+Jack+S%3BMorton%2C+Roscoe+F%3BReding%2C+Douglas+J%3BRosenman%2C+Kenneth+D%3BTalaska%2C+Glenn%3BBrain+Cancer+Collaborative+Study+Group&rft.aulast=Ruder&rft.aufirst=Avima&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=650&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-07-21 N1 - Date created - 2006-06-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. AN - 67297409; 16472241 AB - The FDA's Spontaneous Reporting System (SRS) database contains over 1.5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects. We have linked the trade names of the drugs to 1861 generic names and retrieved molecular structures for each chemical to obtain a set of 1515 organic chemicals that are suitable for modeling with commercially available QSAR software packages. ADR report data for 631 of these compounds were extracted and pooled for the first five years that each drug was marketed. Patient exposure was estimated during this period using pharmaceutical shipping units obtained from IMS Health. Significant drug effects were identified using a Reporting Index (RI), where RI = (# ADR reports / # shipping units) x 1,000,000. MCASE/MC4PC software was used to identify the optimal conditions for defining a significant adverse effect finding. Results suggest that a significant effect in our database is characterized by > or = 4 ADR reports and > or = 20,000 shipping units during five years of marketing, and an RI > or = 4.0. Furthermore, for a test chemical to be evaluated as active it must contain a statistically significant molecular structural alert, called a decision alert, in two or more toxicologically related endpoints. We also report the use of a composite module, which pools observations from two or more toxicologically related COSTAR term endpoints to provide signal enhancement for detecting adverse effects. JF - Current drug discovery technologies AU - Matthews, Edwin J AU - Kruhlak, Naomi L AU - Weaver, James L AU - Benz, R Daniel AU - Contrera, Joseph F AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane (HFD-901), Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. matthewse@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 243 EP - 254 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1570-1638, 1570-1638 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Software KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Endpoint Determination KW - Models, Molecular KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Computers KW - Drug Prescriptions -- statistics & numerical data KW - Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Databases, Factual UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67297409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+drug+discovery+technologies&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+health+effects+of+chemicals+in+humans%3A+II.+Construction+of+an+adverse+effects+database+for+QSAR+modeling.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+Edwin+J%3BKruhlak%2C+Naomi+L%3BWeaver%2C+James+L%3BBenz%2C+R+Daniel%3BContrera%2C+Joseph+F&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+drug+discovery+technologies&rft.issn=15701638&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-03-23 N1 - Date created - 2006-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a directional spray system design to control respirable dust and face gas concentrations around a continuous mining machine. AN - 67263966; 15742710 AB - A laboratory study assessed the impacts of water spray pressure, face ventilation quantity, and line brattice setback distance on respirable dust and SF6 tracer gas concentrations around a continuous mining machine using a sprayfan or directional spray system. Dust levels were measured at locations representing the mining machine operator and the standard and off-standard shuttle car operators, and in the return airway. The results showed that changes in all three independent variables significantly affected log-transformed dust levels at the three operator sampling locations. Changes in setback distance impacted return airway dust levels. Laboratory testing also identified numerous variable interactions affecting dust levels. Tracer gas levels were measured on the left and right sides of the cutting drum and in the return. Untransformed gas levels around the cutting drum were significantly affected by changes in water pressure, face ventilation quantity, and setback distance. Only a few interactions were identified that significantly affected these concentrations. Gas levels in the return airway were grouped by face ventilation quantity. Return gas levels measured at the low curtain quantity were generally unaffected by changes in water pressure or curtain setback distance. At the high curtain quantity, return airway gas levels were affected by curtain setback distance. A field study was conducted to assess the impact of these parameters in an actual mining operation. These data showed that respirable dust levels may have been impacted by a change in water pressure and, to a lesser extent, by an increase in curtain setback distance. A series of tracer gas pulse tests were also conducted during this study. The results showed that effectiveness of the face ventilation was impacted by changes in curtain flow quantity and setback distance. Laboratory testing supported similar conclusions. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Goodman, Gerrit V R AU - Pollock, Douglas E AD - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, USA. gcg8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 806 EP - 815 VL - 1 IS - 12 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Caustics KW - 0 KW - Ethylamines KW - Propylamines KW - Sodium Hydroxide KW - 55X04QC32I KW - diisopropylamine KW - BR9JLI40NO KW - triethylamine KW - VOU728O6AY KW - Index Medicus KW - Permeability KW - Caustics -- chemistry KW - Equipment Design KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Temperature KW - Ethylamines -- chemistry KW - Colorimetry KW - Materials Testing KW - Sodium Hydroxide -- chemistry KW - Propylamines -- chemistry KW - Occupational Health KW - Gloves, Protective -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67263966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+directional+spray+system+design+to+control+respirable+dust+and+face+gas+concentrations+around+a+continuous+mining+machine.&rft.au=Goodman%2C+Gerrit+V+R%3BPollock%2C+Douglas+E&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Gerrit+V&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proceedings of the workshop on food-consumption surveys in developing countries: general approaches to estimation of dietary exposure to contaminants. AN - 67232814; 15646319 AB - The initial steps in estimating dietary exposure to contaminants include gathering the necessary expertise, clarifying the intent and purpose of the work, selecting a dietary exposure model, and gathering available pertinent information. Expertise is generally needed in chemistry, agriculture, toxicology, statistics, nutritional epidemiology, and computer software development. The goal might be to determine the average exposure of a population to contaminants, to identify demographic groups within a population that are especially vulnerable to a contaminant, to evaluate the regulation of agricultural and food-manufacturing practices, or to determine compliance with standards for local and/or imported foods. Examples of dietary exposure models include the core food model, directed core food model, large database model, raw agricultural commodity (RAC) model, regional diet model, duplicate diet model, and total diet composite model. Each model has advantages and disadvantages and different costs and resource requirements. Consideration of the sources and flow of selected contaminants though the food supply may help identify the best exposure model to use. Pertinent information that may already be available includes analytical data on contaminants in foods or commodities, government regulations pertaining to the levels of contaminants in foods, food-consumption data, data on the average body weights of age-gender groups (to express exposure on a body weight basis), and biochemical measures of contaminants or their residues/metabolites. Collecting available information helps to clearly define what critical information is missing so that the planned research can be most effective. Careful documentation of decisions and assumptions allows for recalculating exposure estimates with the same model using different decisions and assumptions; documentation also allows others to understand what was done and how to use the resulting intake estimates properly. Clearly identifying the limitations of the exposure model may provide justification for additional resources to further refine and improve the model. JF - Food and nutrition bulletin AU - Pennington, Jean AD - Division of Nutrition Research Coordination, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. jean.pennington@nih.hhs.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 420 EP - 427 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0379-5721, 0379-5721 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Humans KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Risk Assessment KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Developing Countries KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67232814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+nutrition+bulletin&rft.atitle=Proceedings+of+the+workshop+on+food-consumption+surveys+in+developing+countries%3A+general+approaches+to+estimation+of+dietary+exposure+to+contaminants.&rft.au=Pennington%2C+Jean&rft.aulast=Pennington&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=420&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+nutrition+bulletin&rft.issn=03795721&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-21 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanism of antifertility in male rats treated with 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD). AN - 67185342; 15513898 AB - 3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is a food contaminant that is often found in foods containing acid-hydrolyzed (AH) protein, like seasonings and savory food products. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of 3-MCPD on male fertility, sperm, and hormonal levels and its antifertility mechanism. In vivo male fertility testing was performed to observe the adverse effects of 3-MCPD on the functioning of the male reproductive system and pregnancy outcome. 3-MCPD (0.01-5 mg/kg) was administered daily by gavage to Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats for 4 wk. At the end of the pretreatment period, male rats were mated overnight with untreated females. Males successfully inducing pregnancy were sacrificed to assess sperm parameters, reproductive organ histopathology, and spermatogenesis. The resulting pregnant females were sacrificed on 20 of gestation to evaluate pregnancy outcome. The paternal administration of 3-MCPD (5 mg/kg) was found to result in adverse effects on male fertility and pregnancy outcome without inducing remarkable histopathological changes in testes and epididymides. Additionally, 3-MCPD (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced sperm motility, copulation, fertility indices, and the number of live fetuses showed steep dose-response curves. 3-MCPD did not affect spermatogenesis or induce hormonal changes in the blood and testes of male rats. An in vitro hormone assay using primary isolated Leydig cells showed no significant changes in related hormone levels after 3-MCPD treatment. To evaluate the effects of 3-MCPD on apoptotic induction and H+-ATPase levels in the testis and epididymis, 10 or 100 mg/kg of 3-MCPD was administered by gavage to male rats and testes and epididymides were examined at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h later. Apoptosis was not detected in the testes of animals treated with 100 mg/kg 3-MCPD. However, the level of H+-ATPase in the cauda epididymis was reduced by 3-MCPD treatment. These results indicate that 3-MCPD induced a spermatotoxic effect, which was mediated by reduced H+-ATPase expression in the cauda epididymis, and suggest that an altered pH level in the cauda epididymis might lead to a disruption of sperm maturation and the acquisition of motility. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Kwack, Seung Jun AU - Kim, Soon Sun AU - Choi, Yo Woo AU - Rhee, Gyu Seek AU - Da Lee, Rhee AU - Seok, Ji Hyun AU - Chae, Soo Yeong AU - Won, Yong Hyuck AU - Lim, Kwon Jo AU - Choi, Kwang Sik AU - Park, Kui Lea AU - Lee, Byung Mu AD - Department of Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 2001 EP - 2011 VL - 67 IS - 23-24 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - alpha-Chlorohydrin KW - 96-24-2 KW - Glycerol KW - PDC6A3C0OX KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Testis -- pathology KW - Sperm Motility -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Sperm Maturation KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Testis -- cytology KW - Glycerol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Infertility, Male -- chemically induced KW - Glycerol -- toxicity KW - Glycerol -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67185342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+antifertility+in+male+rats+treated+with+3-monochloro-1%2C2-propanediol+%283-MCPD%29.&rft.au=Kwack%2C+Seung+Jun%3BKim%2C+Soon+Sun%3BChoi%2C+Yo+Woo%3BRhee%2C+Gyu+Seek%3BDa+Lee%2C+Rhee%3BSeok%2C+Ji+Hyun%3BChae%2C+Soo+Yeong%3BWon%2C+Yong+Hyuck%3BLim%2C+Kwon+Jo%3BChoi%2C+Kwang+Sik%3BPark%2C+Kui+Lea%3BLee%2C+Byung+Mu&rft.aulast=Kwack&rft.aufirst=Seung&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=23-24&rft.spage=2001&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disease and illness in U.S. mining, 1983-2001. AN - 67180147; 15591979 AB - We describe inconsistencies in disease and illness reporting in U.S. mining, identify under-reporting of disease and illness in U.S. mining, and summarize selected disease and illness in U.S. mining from 1983 through 2001. We summarized information on mining-related disease and illness data for the years 1983-2001 from the Mining Safety and Health Administration database (MSHA). Discrepancies exist in types of information collected by the Centers for Disease and Control, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and the Mining Safety and Health Administration database. Several factors, including a worker's fear of losing his or her job, health insurance, or other job-related benefits contribute to under-reporting of disease and illness information in the US mining industry. Since 1997, both number of workers employed in mining and disease and illness rates have decreased; however, the highest disease and illness rates in mining continue to be coal worker's pneumoconiosis and hearing loss. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Scott, Douglas F AU - Grayson, R Larry AU - Metz, Edward A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane Research Laboratory, Mining Injury and Disease Prevention Branch, 315 E. Montgomery Avenue, Spokane, WA 99207, USA. dus3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 1272 EP - 1277 VL - 46 IS - 12 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 0 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Asbestos -- analysis KW - Welding -- statistics & numerical data KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Coal Mining -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Sick Leave -- statistics & numerical data KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Skin Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis KW - Population Surveillance KW - Noise, Occupational KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mining -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67180147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Disease+and+illness+in+U.S.+mining%2C+1983-2001.&rft.au=Scott%2C+Douglas+F%3BGrayson%2C+R+Larry%3BMetz%2C+Edward+A&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-05 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution kinetics of targeted cytotoxin in glioma by bolus or convection-enhanced delivery in a murine model. AN - 67173238; 15597761 AB - Interleukin-13 receptor (IL-13R)-targeted cytotoxin (IL-13-PE38) displays a potent antitumor activity against a variety of human tumors including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and, thus, this agent is being tested in the clinical trial for the treatment of recurrent GBM. In this study, the authors determined the safety and distribution kinetics of IL-13 cytotoxin when infused intracranially by a bolus injection and by convection-enhanced delivery (CED) in an athymic nude mouse model of GBM. For the safety studies, athymic nude mice were given intracranial infusions of IL-13 cytotoxin into normal parenchyma by either a bolus injection or a 7-day-long CED. Toxicity was assessed by performing a histological examination of the mouse brains. For the drug distribution studies, nude mice with intracranially implanted U251 GBM tumors were given an intratumor bolus or a CED infusion of IL-13 cytotoxin. Brain tumor samples obtained between 0.25 and 72 hours after the infusion were assessed for drug distribution kinetics by performing immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses. Based on the histological changes in the tumor and brain, the maximum tolerated dose of intracranial IL-13 cytotoxin infusion in nude mice was determined to be 4 microg when delivered by a bolus injection and 10 microg when CED was used. Drug distribution reached the maximum level 1 hour after the bolus injection and the volume of distribution was determined to be 19.3 +/- 5.8 mm3. Interleukin-13 cytotoxin was barely detectable 6 hours after the injection. Interestingly, when delivered by bolus injections IL-13 cytotoxin exhibited superior distribution in larger rather than smaller tumors. Convection-enhanced delivery was superior for drug distribution in the U251 tumors because when CED was used the drug remained in the tumors 6 hours after the infusion. These studies provide confirmation of a previous hypothesis that CED of IL-13 cytotoxin is superior to bolus injections not only for the safety of the normal brain but also for maintaining drug levels for a prolonged period in infused brain tumors. These findings are highly relevant and important for the optimal clinical development of IL-13 cytotoxin or any other targeted antitumor agent for GBM therapy, in which multiple routes of delivery of an agent are being contemplated. JF - Journal of neurosurgery AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Kioi, Mitomu AU - Husain, Syed R AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 1004 EP - 1011 VL - 101 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3085, 0022-3085 KW - IL13RA1 protein, human KW - 0 KW - Il13ra1 protein, mouse KW - Interleukin-13 KW - Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit KW - Receptors, Interleukin KW - Receptors, Interleukin-13 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Convection KW - Animals KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Mice, Nude KW - Mice KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Microinjections KW - Drug Delivery Systems KW - Brain Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Brain Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Interleukin-13 -- pharmacokinetics KW - Glioblastoma -- pathology KW - Glioblastoma -- drug therapy KW - Interleukin-13 -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67173238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neurosurgery&rft.atitle=Distribution+kinetics+of+targeted+cytotoxin+in+glioma+by+bolus+or+convection-enhanced+delivery+in+a+murine+model.&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+Koji%3BKawakami%2C+Mariko%3BKioi%2C+Mitomu%3BHusain%2C+Syed+R%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=Koji&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1004&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neurosurgery&rft.issn=00223085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retrospective case series of suspected intentional paraquat poisonings: diagnostic findings and risk factors for death. AN - 67162280; 15587247 AB - We investigated a cluster of canine poisonings around the 4th of July weekend in 2003 in dogs that visited a local park. Medical records review and personal interviews were performed on 17 suspect cases; 14 dogs met the case definition criteria. The 13/14 dogs were allowed off-leash at some point during their visit to the park; 7 owners noted their dog had either eaten something at the park or vomited up meat-like material within 1 h after their walk. Eleven of the 14 dogs died or were euthanized. Urine samples from 4 dogs were positive for trace amounts of paraquat and 1 vomitus sample tested positive. Tachypnea was a significant risk factor for death of the dogs. Oral or gastrointestinal ulcers were significantly correlated with recovery. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Shuler, Carrie M AU - DeBess, Emilio E AU - Scott, Marilyn AU - Stone, David AD - Oregon Department of Health and Human Services, 800 NE Oregon Street, Suite 772, Portland, Oregon 97232, USA. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 313 EP - 314 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Paraquat KW - PLG39H7695 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Dogs KW - Records as Topic -- veterinary KW - Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Oregon -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Paraquat -- poisoning KW - Dog Diseases -- mortality KW - Herbicides -- poisoning KW - Dog Diseases -- pathology KW - Dog Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Dog Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67162280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Retrospective+case+series+of+suspected+intentional+paraquat+poisonings%3A+diagnostic+findings+and+risk+factors+for+death.&rft.au=Shuler%2C+Carrie+M%3BDeBess%2C+Emilio+E%3BScott%2C+Marilyn%3BStone%2C+David&rft.aulast=Shuler&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prenatal DDT exposure in relation to anthropometric and pubertal measures in adolescent males. AN - 67161937; 15579424 AB - DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), a pesticide once used widely in agriculture and now limited to public health use, remains a controversial chemical because of a combination of benefits and risks. DDT or its breakdown products are ubiquitous in the environment and in humans. Compounds in the DDT family have endocrine actions and have been associated with reproductive toxicity. A previous study reported associations between prenatal exposure to p,p -DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene] and increased height and weight in adolescent boys. We examined a group with higher exposures to see whether similar associations would occur. Our study group was 304 males born in Philadelphia in the early 1960s who had participated in a previous study. Anthropometric and pubertal measures from one to six visits during their adolescent years were available, as were stored maternal serum samples from pregnancy. We measured p,p -DDE, p,p -DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane], and o,p -DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane] in the maternal serum. Outcomes examined in the boys were height, ratio of sitting height to height, body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness, ratio of subscapular to the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses, skeletal age, serum testosterone, and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. No associations between prenatal exposure to any of the DDT compounds and any outcome measure were seen. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Gladen, Beth C AU - Klebanoff, Mark A AU - Hediger, Mary L AU - Katz, Solomon H AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Davis, Mark D AU - Longnecker, Matthew P AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 1761 EP - 1767 VL - 112 IS - 17 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - DDT KW - CIW5S16655 KW - Index Medicus KW - Anthropometry KW - Body Height KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Body Mass Index KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - DDT -- poisoning KW - Puberty KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67161937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+universal+pre-enrichment+broth+for+recovery+of+Salmonella+from+selected+dairy+foods.&rft.au=Hammack%2C+Thomas+S%3BAmagua%C3%B1a%2C+R+Miguel%3BJohnson%2C+Mildred+L%3BAndrews%2C+Wallace+H&rft.aulast=Hammack&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Jan;111(1):65-70 [12515680] Steroids. 1970 Oct;16(4):415-28 [5533947] Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2003;16(1):7-20 [12705713] Pediatrics. 2003 May;111(5 Pt 1):e580-5 [12728113] Ann Epidemiol. 2003 May;13(5):303-11 [12821268] Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Aug;64(2):474-81 [12869653] J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Aug 25;794(1):137-48 [12888206] Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Sep;57(9):1045-51 [12947421] Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2003 Aug;206(4-5):423-35 [12971698] Vital Health Stat 11. 1978 Oct;(167):1-98 [214960] Vital Health Stat 23. 1979 Nov;(3):1-39 [524755] Hypertension. 1980 Jul-Aug;2(4 Pt 2):55-69 [7399646] Child Care Health Dev. 1980 Jul;6(4):233-49 [7408115] Am J Public Health. 1986 Feb;76(2):172-7 [3080910] Am J Phys Anthropol. 1986 Dec;71(4):459-66 [2949623] Am J Public Health. 1987 Oct;77(10):1294-7 [3115123] J Pediatr. 1988 Dec;113(6):991-5 [3142988] Neuropsychopharmacology. 1988 Sep;1(3):205-12 [2908019] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989 Jul-Aug;18(4):495-500 [2505694] Am J Public Health. 1989 Oct;79(10):1401-4 [2551196] Am J Public Health. 1995 Apr;85(4):504-8 [7702113] Toxicol Sci. 1998 Oct;45(2):162-73 [9848123] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999 Jan 1;154(1):28-39 [9882589] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Mar;108(3):205-11 [10706525] J Pediatr. 2000 Apr;136(4):490-6 [10753247] Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Aug;72(2):378-83 [10919930] Soc Sci Med. 1968 Sep;2(3):283-99 [5760819] Vital Health Stat 11. 1973 Aug;11:1-34 [4542725] Pediatrics. 1974 May;53(5):737-41 [4826730] Vital Health Stat 11. 1974 Dec;(143):1-66 [4549147] CRC Crit Rev Toxicol. 1975 Oct;4(1):83-124 [172280] Vital Health Stat 11. 1975 Oct;(149):1-81 [174300] Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Jan 1;153(1):53-63 [11159147] Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2000 Oct;10(5):304-9 [11194541] Arch Environ Health. 2001 Mar-Apr;56(2):138-43 [11339677] Epidemiology. 2001 May;12(3):366-7 [11338320] Hum Reprod Update. 2001 May-Jun;7(3):248-64 [11392371] Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2001 Jun 10;178(1-2):207-14 [11403911] Lancet. 2001 Jul 14;358(9276):110-4 [11463412] Pediatr Res. 2001 Sep;50(3):331-6 [11518819] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Dec;109(12):1275-83 [11748036] J Pediatr. 2002 Jan;140(1):33-9 [11815761] Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Feb 15;155(4):313-22 [11836195] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Feb;110(2):125-8 [11836138] Int J Epidemiol. 2002 Apr;31(2):413-9 [11980805] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Jun;110(6):583-9 [12055049] Epidemiology. 2002 Jul;13(4):454-8 [12094101] JAMA. 2002 Oct 9;288(14):1728-32 [12365956] Pediatr Res. 2002 Dec;52(6):863-7 [12438662] Arch Environ Health. 1999 Mar-Apr;54(2):110-4 [10094288] Int J Epidemiol. 1999 Apr;28(2):179-88 [10342677] Salud Publica Mex. 2003 Nov-Dec;45(6):431-8 [14974286] Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Apr;112(5):542-7 [15064158] Lancet. 2004 Apr 24;363(9418):1376 [15114996] Anal Chem. 2003 Jan 1;75(1):71-7 [12530820] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The sources of inflammatory mediators in the lung after silica exposure. AN - 67161307; 15579413 AB - The expression of 10 genes implicated in regulation of the inflammatory processes in the lung was studied after exposure of alveolar macrophages (AMs) to silica in vitro or in vivo. Exposure of AMs to silica in vitro up-regulated the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of three genes [interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2)] without a concomitant increase in the protein levels. AMs isolated after intratracheal instillation of silica up-regulated mRNA levels of four additional genes [granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-1beta, IL-10, and inducible nitric oxide synthase]. IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-2 protein levels were elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Fibroblasts under basal culture conditions express much higher levels of IL-6 and GM-CSF compared with AMs. Coculture of AMs and alveolar type II cells, or coculture of AMs and lung fibroblasts, in contact cultures or Transwell chambers, revealed no synergistic effect. Therefore, such interaction does not explain the effects seen in vivo. Identification of the intercellular communication in vivo is still unresolved. However, fibroblasts appear to be an important source of inflammatory mediators in the lung. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Rao, K Murali Krishna AU - Porter, Dale W AU - Meighan, Terence AU - Castranova, Vince AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. mir8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 1679 EP - 1686 VL - 112 IS - 17 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Macrophages, Alveolar KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Up-Regulation KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Fibroblasts -- physiology KW - Lung -- immunology KW - Inflammation -- physiopathology KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Lung -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67161307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=The+sources+of+inflammatory+mediators+in+the+lung+after+silica+exposure.&rft.au=Rao%2C+K+Murali+Krishna%3BPorter%2C+Dale+W%3BMeighan%2C+Terence%3BCastranova%2C+Vince&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=K+Murali&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=1679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2003 Feb;23(2):57-65 [12744771] Microcirculation. 2003 Jun;10(3-4):273-88 [12851645] Am J Nephrol. 2003 Jul-Aug;23(4):208-13 [12771503] Toxicology. 1979 May;13(1):51-72 [229587] J Exp Med. 1982 Sep 1;156(3):912-7 [6809882] J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1982 Jul;53(1):258-66 [7118639] Exp Lung Res. 1984;6(1):27-45 [6734541] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Dec;138(6):1589-94 [2849351] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 May;139(5):1257-64 [2540688] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1990 Jan;2(1):59-68 [2407273] Nature. 1990 Mar 15;344(6263):245-7 [2156165] Immunol Today. 1990 Mar;11(3):97-101 [2186747] Annu Rev Immunol. 1990;8:253-78 [2188664] Am J Physiol. 1991 Jun;260(6 Pt 1):L530-8 [1647680] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1991 Nov;5(5):431-6 [1657062] Immunology. 1992 Jan;75(1):189-95 [1537596] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1992 Feb;6(2):235-43 [1540387] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1993 Mar;8(3):311-8 [8383510] Am J Pathol. 1993 Jun;142(6):1831-40 [8389528] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1994 Feb;10(2):148-53 [8110470] Am J Physiol. 1994 Feb;266(2 Pt 1):L148-55 [8141310] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1994 Sep;11(3):304-11 [7522015] Science. 1995 Feb 10;267(5199):776-7 [7710525] Exp Lung Res. 1994 Nov-Dec;20(6):473-90 [7882902] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Dec;102 Suppl 10:149-54 [7705289] J Immunol. 1996 Feb 15;156(4):1540-8 [8568258] J Leukoc Biol. 1996 Apr;59(4):481-8 [8613693] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1995;21 Suppl 2:30-4 [8929685] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1996 Dec 27;49(6):599-617 [8977627] Am J Physiol. 1997 Aug;273(2 Pt 1):L339-46 [9277445] Physiol Rev. 1997 Oct;77(4):931-62 [9354809] J Immunol. 1997 Oct 15;159(8):3921-8 [9378980] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1998 Jan;18(1):51-9 [9448045] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1998 Nov 13;55(5):359-71 [9829559] Mol Cell Biochem. 1999 Sep;199(1-2):93-102 [10544957] Mol Cell Biochem. 1999 Oct;200(1-2):119-25 [10569191] Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000 Mar;278(3):L572-9 [10710530] Inflammation. 2000 Apr;24(2):115-25 [10718114] Toxicol Lett. 2000 Mar 15;112-113:177-83 [10720729] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2000 May;22(5):582-9 [10783130] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Oct;106 Suppl 5:1165-9 [9788892] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Oct;106 Suppl 5:1171-4 [9788893] Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000 Sep;279(3):L487-95 [10956623] J Investig Med. 2001 Mar;49(2):146-56 [11288755] Sci Total Environ. 2001 Apr 10;270(1-3):135-9 [11327386] Hum Exp Toxicol. 2001 Jan;20(1):46-55 [11339625] Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Jun;44(6):1382-6 [11407698] Toxicol Sci. 1998 Dec;46(2):300-7 [10048133] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999 Aug 1;158(3):211-20 [10438654] J Immunol. 1961 Feb;86:133-6 [13727274] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1995;21 Suppl 2:22-6 [8929683] J Clin Invest. 2001 Jun;107(12):1537-44 [11413161] J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2001;20 Suppl 1:1-14 [11570667] Annu Rev Physiol. 2002;64:775-802 [11826288] Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2002 May;282(5):L968-75 [11943661] Eur Respir J. 2002 Apr;19(4):672-83 [11998997] Inhal Toxicol. 2002 Apr;14(4):349-67 [12028809] Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003 Feb;284(2):L342-9 [12388376] Occup Environ Med. 2003 Apr;60(4):237-43 [12660371] J Biosci. 2003 Feb;28(1):29-37 [12682422] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1998 Jan 9;53(1):29-46 [9447227] J Immunol. 1998 Mar 15;160(6):2959-66 [9510200] J Lab Clin Med. 1998 May;131(5):417-24 [9605106] Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Oct;18(10):5678-89 [9742085] Mediators Inflamm. 1998;7(4):269-74 [9792337] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vitamin D fortification in the United States and Canada: current status and data needs. AN - 67156237; 15585792 AB - Most circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D originates from exposure to sunlight; nevertheless, many factors can impair this process, necessitating periodic reliance on dietary sources to maintain adequate serum concentrations. The US and Canadian populations are largely dependent on fortified foods and dietary supplements to meet these needs, because foods naturally rich in vitamin D are limited. Fluid milk and breakfast cereals are the predominant vehicles for vitamin D in the United States, whereas Canada fortifies fluid milk and margarine. Reports of a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and its association with increased risks of chronic diseases have raised concerns regarding the adequacy of current intake levels and the safest and most effective way to increase vitamin D intake in the general population and in vulnerable groups. The usual daily intakes of vitamin D from food alone and from food and supplements combined, as estimated from the US third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, show median values above the adequate intake of 5 microg/d for children 6-11 y of age; however, median intakes are generally below the adequate intake for female subjects > 12 y of age and men > 50 y. In Canada, there are no national survey data for estimation of intake. Cross-sectional studies suggest that current US/Canadian fortification practices are not effective in preventing hypovitaminosis D, particularly among vulnerable populations during the winter, whereas supplement use shows more promise. Recent prospective intervention studies with higher vitamin D concentrations provided evidence of safety and efficacy for fortification of specific foods and use of supplements. JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition AU - Calvo, Mona S AU - Whiting, Susan J AU - Barton, Curtis N AD - Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20910, USA. mona.calvo@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 1710S EP - 6S VL - 80 IS - 6 Suppl SN - 0002-9165, 0002-9165 KW - Vitamin D KW - 1406-16-2 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Child KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Food Labeling KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Canada KW - Adult KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Sunlight KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Food, Fortified KW - Vitamin D -- adverse effects KW - Vitamin D -- administration & dosage KW - Diet KW - Vitamin D Deficiency -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67156237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.atitle=Vitamin+D+fortification+in+the+United+States+and+Canada%3A+current+status+and+data+needs.&rft.au=Calvo%2C+Mona+S%3BWhiting%2C+Susan+J%3BBarton%2C+Curtis+N&rft.aulast=Calvo&rft.aufirst=Mona&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=6+Suppl&rft.spage=1710S&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.issn=00029165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of hospitalized rhabdomyolysis in patients treated with lipid-lowering drugs. AN - 67130399; 15572716 AB - Lipid-lowering agents are widely prescribed in the United States. Reliable estimates of rhabdomyolysis risk with various lipid-lowering agents are not available. To estimate the incidence of rhabdomyolysis in patients treated with different statins and fibrates, alone and in combination, in the ambulatory setting. Drug-specific inception cohorts of statin and fibrate users were established using claims data from 11 managed care health plans across the United States. Patients with at least 180 days of prior health plan enrollment were entered into the cohorts between January 1, 1998, and June 30, 2001. Person-time was classified as monotherapy or combined statin-fibrate therapy. Incidence rates of rhabdomyolysis per 10,000 person-years of treatment, number needed to treat, and relative risk of rhabdomyolysis. In 252,460 patients treated with lipid-lowering agents, 24 cases of hospitalized rhabdomyolysis occurred during treatment. Average incidence per 10,000 person-years for monotherapy with atorvastatin, pravastatin, or simvastatin was 0.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.84); for cerivastatin, 5.34 (95% CI, 1.46-13.68); and for fibrate, 2.82 (95% CI, 0.58-8.24). By comparison, the incidence during unexposed person-time was 0 (95% CI, 0-0.48; P = .056). The incidence increased to 5.98 (95% CI, 0.72-216.0) for combined therapy of atorvastatin, pravastatin, or simvastatin with a fibrate, and to 1035 (95% CI, 389-2117) for combined cerivastatin-fibrate use. Per year of therapy, the number needed to treat to observe 1 case of rhabdomyolysis was 22,727 for statin monotherapy, 484 for older patients with diabetes mellitus who were treated with both a statin and fibrate, and ranged from 9.7 to 12.7 for patients who were treated with cerivastatin plus fibrate. Rhabdomyolysis risk was similar and low for monotherapy with atorvastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin; combined statin-fibrate use increased risk, especially in older patients with diabetes mellitus. Cerivastatin combined with fibrate conferred a risk of approximately 1 in 10 treated patients per year. JF - JAMA AU - Graham, David J AU - Staffa, Judy A AU - Shatin, Deborah AU - Andrade, Susan E AU - Schech, Stephanie D AU - La Grenade, Lois AU - Gurwitz, Jerry H AU - Chan, K Arnold AU - Goodman, Michael J AU - Platt, Richard AD - Office of of Drug Safety, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md 20857, USA. grahamd@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 01 SP - 2585 EP - 2590 VL - 292 IS - 21 KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Hypolipidemic Agents KW - Clofibric Acid KW - 53PF01Q249 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Risk KW - Hospitalization KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Rhabdomyolysis -- epidemiology KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Clofibric Acid -- adverse effects KW - Rhabdomyolysis -- chemically induced KW - Clofibric Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Hypolipidemic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67130399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+hospitalized+rhabdomyolysis+in+patients+treated+with+lipid-lowering+drugs.&rft.au=Graham%2C+David+J%3BStaffa%2C+Judy+A%3BShatin%2C+Deborah%3BAndrade%2C+Susan+E%3BSchech%2C+Stephanie+D%3BLa+Grenade%2C+Lois%3BGurwitz%2C+Jerry+H%3BChan%2C+K+Arnold%3BGoodman%2C+Michael+J%3BPlatt%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=292&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=2585&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=1538-3598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 2004 Dec 1;292(21):2647-50 [15572723] JAMA. 2005 Mar 23;293(12):1448; author reply 1448-9 [15784863] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the SKC DPM cassette for monitoring diesel particulate matter in coal mines. AN - 67126187; 15568046 AB - In a previous study, the efficacy of commercial and prototype impactors for sampling diesel particulate matter (DPM) in coal mines was investigated. Laboratory and field samples were collected on quartz-fiber filters and analyzed for organic and elemental carbon. Coal dust contributed a minimal amount of elemental carbon when commercial cascade impactors and prototype impactors, designed by the University of Minnesota (UMN) and the US Bureau of Mines (BOM), were used to collect submicrometer dust fractions. Other impactors were not as effective at excluding coal dust. The impactors evaluated in that study were either not commercially available or were multi-stage, expensive, and difficult to use for personal measurements. A commercial version of the BOM impactor, called the DPM Cassette, was recently introduced by SKC. Tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the DPM Cassette for measuring diesel-source elemental carbon in the presence of coal dust. Bituminous coals from three mines in two different coal provinces were examined. The dust particle diameters were small and the coal dust contained a high percentage of carbon, thereby giving a worst-case condition for non-anthracite coal mines. Results for the DPM Cassette were essentially identical to those obtained by the BOM impactors in a previous study. At a respirable coal dust concentration of 5.46 mg m(-3), which is 3.8 times the regulatory limit, the DPM Cassette collected only 34 microg m(-3) of coal-source elemental carbon. JF - Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM AU - Noll, James D AU - Birch, Eileen AD - Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/US DHHS, Pittsburgh Research Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA. JIN1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 973 EP - 978 VL - 6 IS - 12 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Coal KW - Dust KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Coal Mining KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67126187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+SKC+DPM+cassette+for+monitoring+diesel+particulate+matter+in+coal+mines.&rft.au=Noll%2C+James+D%3BBirch%2C+Eileen&rft.aulast=Noll&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=973&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - School nurses: a resource for young worker safety. AN - 67110101; 15560728 AB - On average, 67 youths under age 18 die at work in the United States each year, and many more suffer work-related injuries. In 1998, an estimated 77,000 young workers suffered work injuries that required treatment in hospital emergency rooms. It is estimated that only one third of work-related injuries are seen in emergency departments; therefore, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) estimates that nearly 230,000 youths suffer work-related injuries each year. Through NIOSH's Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) program, NIOSH investigators identified poor knowledge of child labor laws, lack of safety training and supervision, inappropriate job assignment, and lack of employer compliance with labor laws as factors contributing to young worker deaths. School nurses serve as a resource to other professionals, parents, employers, and students and can help foster safer working conditions for youth by providing these groups with young worker safety information. JF - The Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National Association of School Nurses AU - Higgins, Doloris N AU - Tierney, Jeanette AU - Lins, Meredith AU - Hanrahan, Lawrence AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 317 EP - 323 VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 1059-8405, 1059-8405 KW - Nursing KW - Information Services KW - Employment -- organization & administration KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Needs Assessment KW - Health Education KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Cause of Death KW - Population Surveillance KW - Health Promotion KW - Primary Prevention KW - Risk Factors KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Internet KW - Male KW - Occupational Health KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - School Nursing -- organization & administration KW - Nurse's Role KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Safety Management -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67110101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+school+nursing+%3A+the+official+publication+of+the+National+Association+of+School+Nurses&rft.atitle=School+nurses%3A+a+resource+for+young+worker+safety.&rft.au=Higgins%2C+Doloris+N%3BTierney%2C+Jeanette%3BLins%2C+Meredith%3BHanrahan%2C+Lawrence&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Doloris&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+school+nursing+%3A+the+official+publication+of+the+National+Association+of+School+Nurses&rft.issn=10598405&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Localization and characterization of flavivirus envelope glycoprotein cross-reactive epitopes. AN - 67102193; 15564505 AB - The flavivirus E glycoprotein, the primary antigen that induces protective immunity, is essential for membrane fusion and mediates binding to cellular receptors. Human flavivirus infections stimulate virus species-specific as well as flavivirus cross-reactive immune responses. Flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies in human sera create a serious problem for serodiagnosis, especially for secondary flavivirus infections, due to the difficulty of differentiating primary from secondary cross-reactive serum antibodies. The presence of subneutralizing levels of flavivirus cross-reactive serum antibodies may result in a dramatic increase in the severity of secondary flavivirus infections via antibody-dependent enhancement. An understanding of flavivirus E-glycoprotein cross-reactive epitopes is therefore critical for improving public health responses to these serious diseases. We identified six E-glycoprotein residues that are incorporated into three distinct flavivirus cross-reactive epitopes. Two of these epitopes which are recognized by distinct monoclonal antibodies contain overlapping continuous residues located within the highly conserved fusion peptide. The third epitope consists of discontinuous residues that are structurally related to the strictly conserved tryptophan at dengue virus serotype 2 E-glycoprotein position 231. JF - Journal of virology AU - Crill, Wayne D AU - Chang, Gwong-Jen J AD - Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA. wcrill@cdc.gov. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 13975 EP - 13986 VL - 78 IS - 24 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - Epitopes KW - Viral Envelope Proteins KW - prM protein, Flavivirus KW - glycoprotein E, Flavivirus KW - 145420-18-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - Cricetulus KW - COS Cells KW - Models, Molecular KW - Cercopithecus aethiops KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - CHO Cells KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Epitopes -- immunology KW - Cross Reactions KW - Antibodies, Viral -- immunology KW - Cricetinae KW - Viral Envelope Proteins -- immunology KW - Viral Envelope Proteins -- chemistry KW - Dengue Virus -- immunology KW - Dengue Virus -- metabolism KW - Epitope Mapping UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67102193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Localization+and+characterization+of+flavivirus+envelope+glycoprotein+cross-reactive+epitopes.&rft.au=Crill%2C+Wayne+D%3BChang%2C+Gwong-Jen+J&rft.aulast=Crill&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=13975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nat Struct Biol. 2003 Jun;10(6):482-8 [12740607] J Virol. 1993 Aug;67(8):4956-63 [8331735] J Gen Virol. 2003 Jul;84(Pt 7):1723-8 [12810865] Trends Microbiol. 2003 Sep;11(9):415-21 [13678856] Rev Med Virol. 2003 Nov-Dec;13(6):387-98 [14625886] Expert Rev Vaccines. 2004 Apr;3(2):199-220 [15056045] Am J Epidemiol. 1971 Dec;94(6):596-607 [5133787] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1982 May;31(3 Pt 1):548-55 [6177259] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1985 Jan;34(1):162-9 [2578750] Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):726-33 [4023707] Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):476-81 [3277268] J Virol. 1989 Feb;63(2):564-71 [2463377] J Gen Virol. 1989 Jan;70 ( Pt 1):37-43 [2543738] Rev Infect Dis. 1989 May-Jun;11 Suppl 4:S830-9 [2665015] Arch Virol. 1989;105(3-4):209-21 [2473720] J Virol. 2000 May;74(9):4244-52 [10756038] Biochemistry. 2000 May 30;39(21):6296-309 [10828942] J Virol. 2001 Apr;75(8):4002-7 [11264392] J Virol. 2001 May;75(9):4040-7 [11287553] J Virol. 2001 May;75(9):4268-75 [11287576] Vaccine. 2001 Apr 30;19(23-24):3179-88 [11312014] J Virol. 2001 Aug;75(16):7769-73 [11462053] J Virol Methods. 2001 Sep;97(1-2):133-49 [11483224] J Infect. 2001 Feb;42(2):104-15 [11531316] J Mol Biol. 2001 Oct 12;313(1):83-97 [11601848] Trends Microbiol. 2002 Feb;10(2):100-3 [11827812] Cell. 2002 Mar 8;108(5):717-25 [11893341] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Mar;8(3):245-51 [11927020] J Mol Biol. 2002 Jul 5;320(2):369-87 [12079393] Virology. 2002 Jun 20;298(1):146-59 [12093182] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002 Mar;66(3):264-72 [12139219] Lancet. 2002 Jul 27;360(9329):310-2 [12147378] Nature. 1993 Oct 28;365(6449):859-63 [8413674] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Feb 1;91(3):1089-93 [8302837] J Virol. 1995 Feb;69(2):695-700 [7529335] Nature. 1995 May 25;375(6529):291-8 [7753193] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jan 9;93(1):7-12 [8552677] J Virol. 1998 Jan;72(1):73-83 [9420202] Electrophoresis. 1997 Dec;18(15):2714-23 [9504803] Virology. 1998 Jul 5;246(2):317-28 [9657950] J Mol Biol. 1998 Aug 14;281(2):301-22 [9698550] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jan 19;96(2):790-4 [9892712] J Mol Biol. 1999 Feb 5;285(5):2177-98 [9925793] Nat Struct Biol. 1999 Jun;6(6):530-4 [10360354] J Virol. 1999 Jul;73(7):5605-12 [10364309] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1952 Jan;1(1):30-50 [14903434] Virology. 2003 Feb 1;306(1):170-80 [12620809] Virology. 1992 Apr;187(2):480-91 [1372140] Acta Virol. 1992 May;36(3):277-83 [1360756] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jun 10;100(12):6986-91 [12759475] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field evaluation of a portable blood lead analyzer in workers living at a high altitude: a follow-up investigation. AN - 67098715; 15551370 AB - Field-portable instruments can offer expeditious analytical results to health professionals in field settings and in areas lacking laboratory infrastructure. This study further evaluated an electroanalytical field-portable instrument, which rapidly analyzes blood lead concentrations. A portable anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) instrument was evaluated utilizing paired samples from 243 employees working at an elevation of approximately 3,800 meters in Peru. Each worker donated two venous blood samples, one of which was analyzed by the ASV device and the other by a reference analytical method, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). According to the GFAAS results, the mean blood lead concentration measured was 46(+/-16) mug/dl; this was significantly greater than the mean ASV measurement of 32(+/-11) mug/dl (paired t-test; P < 0.0001). The accuracy of the ASV estimation decreased as the measured blood lead concentration increased. The results from this investigation were significantly different from the previous study, which was conducted near sea level. The exact causes for the discrepancies between the portable ASV results from the two studies are unclear, but are thought to be related to differences in blood chemistry between the Midwestern United States and Peruvian Andes worker cohorts. Portable ASV blood lead measurements from populations living at high altitudes should be viewed with caution. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:656-662, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Taylor, Lauralynn AU - Ashley, Kevin AU - Jones, Robert L AU - Deddens, James A AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. LTaylor@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 656 EP - 662 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Occupational Health KW - Spectrophotometry, Atomic -- instrumentation KW - Humans KW - Equipment Safety KW - Equipment Design KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Adult KW - Sampling Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Peru KW - Electrochemistry -- instrumentation KW - Male KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Altitude KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Lead -- blood KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67098715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+a+portable+blood+lead+analyzer+in+workers+living+at+a+high+altitude%3A+a+follow-up+investigation.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Lauralynn%3BAshley%2C+Kevin%3BJones%2C+Robert+L%3BDeddens%2C+James+A&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Lauralynn&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=656&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of work schedules to gastrointestinal diagnoses, symptoms, and medication use in auto factory workers. AN - 67097116; 15551368 AB - Gastrointestinal (GI) complaints are common in shift workers. This study examines the relationship between work schedules and GI symptoms, medications, and diagnoses. In a cross-sectional survey of 343 US auto factory workers, four work schedule variables were examined: assigned shift, number of hours worked, number of night hours, and schedule variability. Multiple regression tested the relationship between GI outcomes and work schedule variables while controlling for covariates. The evening shift was associated with more GI symptoms and GI diagnoses. Unexpectedly, more consistent work times were associated with having a GI diagnosis. As schedule variability increased the probability of GI medication use increased in low noise exposure. Findings suggest that evening shift and widely varying work start and end times may increase risks for GI disturbances. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Caruso, Claire C AU - Lusk, Sally L AU - Gillespie, Brenda W AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. ccaruso@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 586 EP - 598 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Probability KW - Humans KW - Prognosis KW - Workplace KW - Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm -- epidemiology KW - Automobiles KW - Age Distribution KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Life Style KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Personnel Staffing and Scheduling KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm -- etiology KW - Work Schedule Tolerance KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67097116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+work+schedules+to+gastrointestinal+diagnoses%2C+symptoms%2C+and+medication+use+in+auto+factory+workers.&rft.au=Caruso%2C+Claire+C%3BLusk%2C+Sally+L%3BGillespie%2C+Brenda+W&rft.aulast=Caruso&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=586&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An intervention analysis for the reduction of exposure to methylmercury from the consumption of seafood by women of child-bearing age. AN - 67084027; 15546681 AB - A previously developed exposure model was used [Risk Anal. 22 (2002) 689] to assess the effectiveness of various advisory scenarios on minimizing mercury (Hg) blood levels via the consumption of commercial seafood, both finfish and shellfish. This exposure model was developed to predict levels of Hg in blood in women of child-bearing age in the US based on the frequency of seafood consumption, the amount of seafood consumed per serving, and the types of seafood consumed. Steady-state relationships that employed descriptive statistics to account for toxicokinetic variation were used to predict levels of Hg in blood. The model incorporates an uncertainty dimension that is intended to represent the range of plausible interpretations of the data. The predictability of the model was confirmed via the use of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) blood Hg data. In the present analysis, the model was used to predict the impact of limitations in the amount or types of seafood consumed on blood Hg levels. Specifically, simulations for various advisory scenarios were developed on the basis of limitations on total consumption of seafood, elimination of the consumption of certain species altogether, and/or a combination of both. In the baseline model, the median (uncertainty) estimates for the 50th, 95th, and 99th per capita population percentiles were 1.25, 8.2, and 16.1 ppb blood Hg, respectively. After restriction of seafood consumption to no more than 12 oz/week, the median (uncertainty) estimates for the 50th, 95th, and 99th per capita population percentiles were 1.22, 6.8, and 10.6 ppb blood Hg, respectively. Elimination of MeHg species, with average concentrations above 0.6 ppm, resulted in very modest decrements in Hg blood levels, in comparison to either the baseline or the reduced consumption scenarios. These results suggest that strategies to reduce MeHg exposure by reducing the amount of fish consumed (e.g., 12 oz/week) are more effective at eliminating the high end of the exposure distribution than are strategies intended to change the types of fish consumed. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Carrington, C D AU - Montwill, B AU - Bolger, P M AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA. cdc@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 272 EP - 280 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mercury -- blood KW - Humans KW - Fishes KW - Cooking KW - Adult KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Models, Biological KW - Female KW - Seafood -- adverse effects KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Seafood -- analysis KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67084027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=An+intervention+analysis+for+the+reduction+of+exposure+to+methylmercury+from+the+consumption+of+seafood+by+women+of+child-bearing+age.&rft.au=Carrington%2C+C+D%3BMontwill%2C+B%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005 Jul;42(2):249-50; author reply 251 [15963837] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose. AN - 67082486; 15546675 AB - Estimating the maximum recommended starting dose (MRSD) of a pharmaceutical for phase I human clinical trials and the no observed effect level (NOEL) for non-pharmaceuticals is currently based exclusively on an extrapolation of the results of animal toxicity studies. This process is inexact and requires the results of toxicity studies in multiple species (rat, dog, and monkey) to identify the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and most sensitive test species. Multiple uncertainty (safety) factors are also necessary to compensate for incompatibility and uncertainty underlying the extrapolation of animal toxicity to humans. The maximum recommended daily dose for pharmaceuticals (MRDD) is empirically derived from human clinical trials. The MRDD is an estimated upper dose limit beyond which a drug's efficacy is not increased and/or undesirable adverse effects begin to outweigh beneficial effects. The MRDD is essentially equivalent to the NOAEL in humans, a dose beyond which adverse (toxicological) or undesirable pharmacological effects are observed. The NOAEL in test animals is currently used to estimate the safe starting dose in human clinical trials. MDL QSAR predictive modeling of the human MRDD may provide a better, simpler and more relevant estimation of the MRSD for pharmaceuticals and the toxic dose threshold of chemicals in humans than current animal extrapolation based risk assessment models and may be a useful addition to current methods. A database of the MRDD for over 1300 pharmaceuticals was compiled and modeled using MDL QSAR software and E-state and connectivity topological descriptors. MDL QSAR MRDD models were found to have good predictive performance with 74-78% of predicted MRDD values for 120 internal and 160 external validation compounds falling within a range of +/-10-fold the actual MRDD value. The predicted MRDD can be used to estimate the MRSD for pharmaceuticals in phase I clinical trials with the addition of a 10-fold safety factor. For non-pharmaceutical chemicals any compound-related effect can be considered an undesirable and adverse toxicological effect and the predicted MRDD can be used to estimate the NOEL with the addition of an appropriate safety factor. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Contrera, Joseph F AU - Matthews, Edwin J AU - Kruhlak, Naomi L AU - Benz, R Daniel AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (HFD-901), Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Informatics and Computational Safety Analysis Staff (ICSAS), 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. contrerajf@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 185 EP - 206 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Discriminant Analysis KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Species Specificity KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- administration & dosage KW - Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic -- methods KW - Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Models, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67082486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+safe+starting+dose+in+phase+I+clinical+trials+and+no+observed+effect+level+based+on+QSAR+modeling+of+the+human+maximum+recommended+daily+dose.&rft.au=Contrera%2C+Joseph+F%3BMatthews%2C+Edwin+J%3BKruhlak%2C+Naomi+L%3BBenz%2C+R+Daniel&rft.aulast=Contrera&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Truncated hepatitis C virus core protein encoded in hepatocellular carcinomas. AN - 67082184; 15547681 AB - Studies have suggested that a truncated form of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein can enter hepatocyte nuclei and might play a role in HCV-associated hepato-carcinogenesis. In the present study, the HCV core gene from hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and/or adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues from eight patients was amplified by nested RT-PCR and sequenced. Mutations in the HCV core gene that would encode a truncated core protein were found in 4 of the 8 patients. Since truncated core proteins have been shown to be capable of entry into the hepatocyte nucleus (unlike HCV itself, which is an exclusively cytoplasmic virus), the detection of mutated sequences encoding them in these four HCC patients suggests that these mutations may have played a role in the development of these HCCs. JF - International journal of molecular medicine AU - Yamaguchi, Rin AU - Momosaki, Seiya AU - Gao, Guang AU - Hsia, Chu Chieh AU - Kojiro, Masamichi AU - Scudamore, Charles AU - Tabor, Edward AD - Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 1097 EP - 1100 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 1107-3756, 1107-3756 KW - Viral Core Proteins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- virology KW - Hepatitis C -- virology KW - Hepacivirus -- pathogenicity KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- etiology KW - Hepatitis C -- complications KW - Hepacivirus -- genetics KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- genetics KW - Viral Core Proteins -- genetics KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67082184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+molecular+medicine&rft.atitle=Truncated+hepatitis+C+virus+core+protein+encoded+in+hepatocellular+carcinomas.&rft.au=Yamaguchi%2C+Rin%3BMomosaki%2C+Seiya%3BGao%2C+Guang%3BHsia%2C+Chu+Chieh%3BKojiro%2C+Masamichi%3BScudamore%2C+Charles%3BTabor%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Yamaguchi&rft.aufirst=Rin&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1097&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+molecular+medicine&rft.issn=11073756&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased volume of the calbindin D28k-labeled sexually dimorphic hypothalamus in genistein and nonylphenol-treated male rats. AN - 67067550; 15456915 AB - The adult rat brain develops through an interplay of neuronal proliferation and programmed cell death. Steroid hormones and growth factors may alter the balance between these competing processes. "Endocrine disrupters" (EDs) may also alter brain development, by mimicry or modulation of endogenous hormone systems. Under control conditions, the sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) of the medial preoptic hypothalamus becomes larger in adult males than females, but its final volume may also reflect the hormonal conditions prevailing during development. Two EDs that have recently been studied in protocols involving lifespan exposures are the phytoestrogen genistein and the weakly estrogenic compound para-nonylphenol, which is used in the production of many surfactants and plastics. Experimental dietary exposure of adult female rats to genistein or p-nonylphenol began 28 days prior to their mating at concentrations of 5 ppm, 100 ppm, and 500 ppm for genistein or 25 ppm, 200 ppm, and 750 ppm for p-nonylphenol. Exposure of the offspring continued throughout gestation and lactation, as well as in their chow after weaning, until they were sacrificed at 140 days of age for immunohistochemical labeling of the calbindin D28k-labeled subdivision of the SDN: the CALB-SDN. Both genistein and nonylphenol were found to increase the volume of the CALB-SDN in male rats (p's < 0.01), but not in female rats. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Scallet, A C AU - Divine, R L AU - Newbold, R R AU - Delclos, K B AD - Division of Neurotoxicology National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. ascallet@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 570 EP - 576 VL - 82 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Calb1 protein, rat KW - Calbindin 1 KW - Calbindins KW - Coloring Agents KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - Phenols KW - S100 Calcium Binding Protein G KW - nonylphenol KW - 79F6A2ILP5 KW - Genistein KW - DH2M523P0H KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Rats KW - Preoptic Area -- metabolism KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Preoptic Area -- drug effects KW - Diet KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Female KW - Male KW - Phenols -- pharmacology KW - Hypothalamus -- drug effects KW - Genistein -- pharmacology KW - Hypothalamus -- metabolism KW - S100 Calcium Binding Protein G -- metabolism KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67067550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Increased+volume+of+the+calbindin+D28k-labeled+sexually+dimorphic+hypothalamus+in+genistein+and+nonylphenol-treated+male+rats.&rft.au=Scallet%2C+A+C%3BDivine%2C+R+L%3BNewbold%2C+R+R%3BDelclos%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=570&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Building-related respiratory symptoms can be predicted with semi-quantitative indices of exposure to dampness and mold. AN - 67002001; 15500636 AB - Using a semi-quantitative mold exposure index, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) investigated 13 college buildings to examine whether building-related respiratory symptoms among employees are associated with environmental exposure to mold and dampness in buildings. We collected data on upper and lower respiratory symptoms and their building-relatedness, and time spent in specific rooms with a self-administered questionnaires. Trained NIOSH industrial hygienists classified rooms for water stains, visible mold, mold odor, and moisture using semi-quantitative scales and then estimated individual exposure indices weighted by the time spent in specific rooms. The semi-quantitative exposure indices significantly predicted building-related respiratory symptoms, including wheeze [odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-4.5], chest tightness (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.1-4.6), shortness of breath (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.2-6.1), nasal (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.3-4.7) and sinus (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.2-4.1) symptoms, with exposure-response relationships. We found that conditions suggestive of indoor mold exposure at work were associated with building-related respiratory symptoms. Our findings suggest that observational semi-quantitative indices of exposure to dampness and mold can support action to prevent building-related respiratory diseases. Current air sampling methods have major limitations in assessing exposure to mold and other biological agents that may prevent the demonstration of associations of bioaerosol exposure with health. Our study demonstrates that semi-quantitative dampness/mold exposure indices, based solely on visual and olfactory observation and weighted by time spent in specific rooms, can predict existence of excessive building-related respiratory symptoms and diseases. Relative extent of water stains, visible mold, mold odor, or moisture can be used to prioritize remediation to reduce potential risk of building-related respiratory diseases. From a public health perspective, these observational findings justify action to correct water leaks and repair water damage in order to prevent building-related respiratory diseases. This approach can also be a basis for developing practical building-diagnostic tools for water-incursion. JF - Indoor air AU - Park, J-H AU - Schleiff, P L AU - Attfield, M D AU - Cox-Ganser, J M AU - Kreiss, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Field Studies Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. gzp9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 425 EP - 433 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Middle Aged KW - West Virginia -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Mitosporic Fungi KW - Humidity KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67002001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indoor+air&rft.atitle=Building-related+respiratory+symptoms+can+be+predicted+with+semi-quantitative+indices+of+exposure+to+dampness+and+mold.&rft.au=Park%2C+J-H%3BSchleiff%2C+P+L%3BAttfield%2C+M+D%3BCox-Ganser%2C+J+M%3BKreiss%2C+K&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=J-H&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indoor+air&rft.issn=09056947&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Indoor Air. 2006 Feb;16(1):82;author reply 83-4 [16420502] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of roof movement and strata-induced microseismic emissions to roof falls AN - 51736262; 2005-023448 AB - For the first time in an underground stone mine, the relationship between roof movement and microseismic emissions was examined in conjunction with two distinct roof fall areas. As roof monitoring increases in acceptance and monitoring technology advances, the goal of providing reliable roof-fall detection systems to enhance the safety of underground mine workers moves closer to reality. Instrumental to reaching this goal is the ability to interpret accurately and completely roof movement and microseismic emissions, which can serve as precursors to roof falls. This paper examines the capabilities of convergence and microseismic monitoring systems to better understand roof rock failure mechanics and to anticipate roof falls. An understanding of how these techniques are used and how they interact with each other is critical in developing the most effective ground-control strategy for U.S. mines. JF - Mining Engineering AU - Iannacchione, A T AU - Coyle, P R AU - Prosser, L J AU - Marshall, T E AU - Litsenberger, J Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 53 EP - 60 PB - Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Littleton, CO VL - 56 IS - 12 SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - United States KW - limestone KW - mining KW - failures KW - monitoring KW - underground mining KW - strain KW - roof control KW - stability KW - elastic waves KW - rock mechanics KW - fractures KW - sedimentary rocks KW - microseisms KW - Loyalhanna Limestone KW - room-and-pillar mining KW - compressive strength KW - Pennsylvania KW - carbonate rocks KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51736262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+roof+movement+and+strata-induced+microseismic+emissions+to+roof+falls&rft.au=Iannacchione%2C+A+T%3BCoyle%2C+P+R%3BProsser%2C+L+J%3BMarshall%2C+T+E%3BLitsenberger%2C+J&rft.aulast=Iannacchione&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://me.smenet.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MIENAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbonate rocks; compressive strength; elastic waves; failures; fractures; limestone; Loyalhanna Limestone; microseisms; mining; monitoring; Pennsylvania; rock mechanics; roof control; room-and-pillar mining; sedimentary rocks; stability; strain; underground mining; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of fugitive dust generated from unpaved mine haulage roads AN - 51508095; 2007-005413 JF - International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment AU - Organiscak, John A AU - Reed, W M Randolph Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 236 EP - 252 PB - Taylor & Francis, Abingdon VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1389-5265, 1389-5265 KW - silicates KW - hazardous waste KW - U. S. Mine Safety and Health Administration KW - mining KW - mines KW - concentration KW - silica minerals KW - clastic sediments KW - surface mining KW - transportation KW - environmental analysis KW - measurement KW - dust KW - sediments KW - quartz KW - framework silicates KW - roads KW - public health KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51508095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Surface+Mining%2C+Reclamation+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+fugitive+dust+generated+from+unpaved+mine+haulage+roads&rft.au=Organiscak%2C+John+A%3BReed%2C+W+M+Randolph&rft.aulast=Organiscak&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Surface+Mining%2C+Reclamation+and+Environment&rft.issn=13895265&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F1389526042000263333 L2 - http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/nsme205ekLGgrK1s LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clastic sediments; concentration; dust; environmental analysis; framework silicates; hazardous waste; measurement; mines; mining; public health; quartz; roads; sediments; silica minerals; silicates; surface mining; transportation; U. S. Mine Safety and Health Administration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1389526042000263333 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of the standard deviation in the estimation of benchmark doses with continuous data AN - 36459939; 3335413 AB - For continuous data, risk is defined here as the proportion of animals with values above a large percentile, e.g., the 99th percentile or below the 1st percentile, for the distribution of values among control animals. It is known that reducing the standard deviation of measurements through improved experimental techniques will result in less stringent (higher) doses for the lower confidence limit on the benchmark dose that is estimated to produce a specified risk of animals with abnormal levels for a biological effect. Thus, a somewhat larger (less stringent) lower confidence limit is obtained that may be used as a point of departure for low-dose risk assessment. It is shown in this article that it is important for the benchmark dose to be based primarily on the standard deviation among animals, sa, apart from the standard deviation of measurement errors, sm, within animals. If the benchmark dose is incorrectly based on the overall standard deviation among average values for animals, which includes measurement error variation, the benchmark dose will be overestimated and the risk will be underestimated. The bias increases as sm increases relative to sa. The bias is relatively small if sm is less than one-third of sa, a condition achieved in most experimental designs. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishers JF - Risk analysis AU - Gaylor, David W AU - Slikker, Jr., William AD - Gaylor and Associates ; National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 1683 EP - 1688 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Economics KW - Measurement KW - Probability KW - Animals KW - Risk theory UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36459939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis&rft.atitle=Role+of+the+standard+deviation+in+the+estimation+of+benchmark+doses+with+continuous+data&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+David+W%3BSlikker%2C+Jr.%2C+William&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/0272-4332%2F04%2F0100-1683%2422.00%2F1 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 11040 11035; 1046; 10214 12224 971; 7854 DO - http://dx.doi.org/0272-4332/04/0100-1683$22.00/1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative risk assessment for developmental neurotoxic effects AN - 36458553; 3335412 AB - Developmental neurotoxicity concerns the adverse health effects of exogenous agents acting on neurodevelopment. Because human brain development is a delicate process involving many cellular events, the developing fetus is rather susceptible to compounds that can alter the structure and function of the brain. Today, there is clear evidence that early exposure to many neurotoxicants can severely damage the developing nervous system. Although in recent years, there has been much attention given to model development and risk assessment procedures for developmental toxicants, the area of developmental neurotoxicity has been largely ignored. Here, we consider the problem of risk estimation for developmental neurotoxicants from animal bioassay data. Since most responses from developmental neurotoxicity experiments are nonquantal in nature, an adverse health effect will be defined as a response that occurs with very small probability in unexposed animals. Using a two-stage hierarchical normal dose-response model, upper confidence limits on the excess risk due to a given level of added exposure are derived. Equivalently, the model is used to obtain lower confidence limits on dose for a small negligible level of risk. Our method is based on the asymptotic distribution of the likelihood ratio statistic (cf. Crump, 1995). An example is used to provide further illustration. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishers JF - Risk analysis AU - Razzaghi, Mehdi AU - Kodell, Ralph AD - Bloomsburg University ; US Food and Drug Administration Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 1673 EP - 1682 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Sociology KW - Economics KW - Chemicals KW - Probability KW - Risk KW - Brain KW - Neuroscience KW - Toxicity KW - Risk theory UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36458553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular%2C+serological%2C+and+virulence+characteristics+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+isolated+from+environmental%2C+food%2C+and+clinical+sources+in+North+America+and+Asia.&rft.au=DePaola%2C+Angelo%3BUlaszek%2C+Jodie%3BKaysner%2C+Charles+A%3BTenge%2C+Bradley+J%3BNordstrom%2C+Jessica+L%3BWells%2C+Joy%3BPuhr%2C+Nancy%3BGendel%2C+Steven+M&rft.aulast=DePaola&rft.aufirst=Angelo&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 11040 11035; 1750 1678; 8637; 2175; 12807 9818; 11035; 10214 12224 971 DO - http://dx.doi.org/0272-4332/04/0100-1673$22.00/1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The EUas Traceability and Labeling and Food and Feed Proposals for Products of Transgenic Origin AN - 21245780; 7848572 JF - Journal of International Biotechnology Law AU - Mansour, Mark AD - FDA/Healthcare Regulation Practice partner, resident in the Washington, D.C. office of Morgan Lewis. Y1 - 2004/12/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 01 SP - 232 EP - 238 PB - Walter de Gruyter und Co., Genthiner Str. 13 VL - 1 IS - 6 SN - 1612-6068, 1612-6068 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Food KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21245780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+International+Biotechnology+Law&rft.atitle=The+EUas+Traceability+and+Labeling+and+Food+and+Feed+Proposals+for+Products+of+Transgenic+Origin&rft.au=Mansour%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Mansour&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+International+Biotechnology+Law&rft.issn=16126068&rft_id=info:doi/10.1515%2Fjibl.2004.1.6.232 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jibl.2004.1.6.232 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response surface methodology for optimization and characterization of limonene-based coenzyme Q10 self-nanoemulsified capsule dosage form AN - 21131717; 11176200 AB - The aim of this study was to systematically obtain a model of factors that would yield an optimized self-nanoemulsified capsule dosage form (SNCDF) of a highly lipophilic model compound, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ). Independent variables such as amount of R-(+)-limonene (X 1), surfactant (X 2), and cosurfactant (X 3), were optimized using a 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken statistical design. The dependent variables selected were cumulative percentage of drug released after 5 minutes (Y 1) with constraints on drug release in 15 minutes (Y 2), turbidity (Y 3), particle size (Y 4), and zeta potential (Y 5). A mathematical relationship obtained,Y 1=78.503+6.058X 1 +13.738X 2+5.986X 3-25.831X 1 +9.12X 1X2-26.03X 1X3-38.67X 2 +11.02X 2X3-15.55X 3 (r =0.97), explained the main and quadratic effects, and the interaction of factors that affected the drug release. Response surface methodology (RSM) predicted the levels of factorsX 1,X 2, andX 3 (0.0344, 0.216, and 0.240, respectively), for a maximized response ofY 1 with constraints of >90% release onY 2. The observed and predicted values ofY 1 were in close agreement. In conclusion, the Box-Behnken experimental design allowed us to obtain SNCDF with rapid (>90%) drug release within 5 minutes with desirable properties of low turbidity and particle size. JF - AAPS PharmSciTech AU - Palamakula, Anitha AU - Nutan, Mohammad T H AU - Khan, Mansoor A AD - School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter, 79106 Amarillo, TX, Khanm@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 114 EP - 121 PB - Springer New York LLC VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1530-9932, 1530-9932 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Particle size KW - Drug delivery KW - Statistics KW - Zeta potential KW - Drug development KW - Drugs KW - Surfactants KW - Turbidity KW - Lipophilic KW - Coenzyme Q10 KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21131717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AAPS+PharmSciTech&rft.atitle=Response+surface+methodology+for+optimization+and+characterization+of+limonene-based+coenzyme+Q10+self-nanoemulsified+capsule+dosage+form&rft.au=Palamakula%2C+Anitha%3BNutan%2C+Mohammad+T+H%3BKhan%2C+Mansoor+A&rft.aulast=Palamakula&rft.aufirst=Anitha&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=114&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AAPS+PharmSciTech&rft.issn=15309932&rft_id=info:doi/10.1208%2Fpt050466 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle size; Drug delivery; Statistics; Zeta potential; Drug development; Surfactants; Drugs; Lipophilic; Turbidity; Coenzyme Q10 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/pt050466 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conditional Maximum Likelihood Estimation Following a Group Sequential Test AN - 21091810; 11132728 AB - We consider estimation after a group sequential test. An estimator that is unbiased or has small bias may have substantial conditional bias (Troendle and Yu, 1999, Coburger and Wassmer, 2001). In this paper we derive the conditional maximum likelihood estimators of both the primary parameter and a secondary parameter, and investigate their properties within a conditional inference framework. The method applies to both the usual and adaptive group sequential test designs. JF - Biometrical Journal AU - Liu, Aiyi AU - Troendle, James F AU - Yu, Kai F AU - Yuan, Vivian W AD - Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Department of Health and Human Services, 6100 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852, USA, liua@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 760 EP - 768 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0323-3847, 0323-3847 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Biometrics KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21091810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biometrical+Journal&rft.atitle=Conditional+Maximum+Likelihood+Estimation+Following+a+Group+Sequential+Test&rft.au=Liu%2C+Aiyi%3BTroendle%2C+James+F%3BYu%2C+Kai+F%3BYuan%2C+Vivian+W&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Aiyi&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=760&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biometrical+Journal&rft.issn=03233847&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbimj.200410076 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biometrics; Statistics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200410076 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Nimesulide Prevents Helicobacter pylori-Associated Gastric Cancer Development in a Mouse Model AN - 20790301; 6116401 AB - PURPOSE: Helicobacter pylori infection can lead to gastric cancer, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in the stomach during H. pylori infection. Therefore, we investigated whether nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs might protect against this form of cancer. Specifically, we examined the chemopreventive effect of the COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide on H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis in mice. Experimental Design: C57BL/6 mice were treated with the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and/or H. pylori. To determine the effect of COX-2 inhibition, nimesulide was mixed with feed pellets and administered for the duration of the experiment. All of the mice were sacrificed 50 weeks after the start of the experiment. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting for COX-2, Bax and Bcl-2 were performed in stomach tissues. In vitro experiments with the human gastric cancer cell line AGS were also performed to identify mechanisms underlying cancer chemoprevention by nimesulide. RESULTS: Gastric tumors developed in 68.8% of mice that were given both MNU and H. pylori, whereas less than 10% developed gastric tumors when given either MNU or H. pylori alone. These findings indicate that H. pylori promotes carcinogen-induced gastric tumorigenesis. In mice treated with both MNU and H. pylori, nimesulide administration substantially reduced H. pylori-associated gastric tumorigenesis, whereas substantial inductions of apoptosis were observed. In vitro studies demonstrated that nimesulide and H. pylori when combined acted synergistically to induce more apoptosis than either alone. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that nimesulide prevents H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis, and suggest that COX-2 may be a target for chemoprevention of gastric cancer. JF - Clinical Cancer Research AU - Nam, Ki Taek AU - Hahm, Ki-Baik AU - Oh, Sang-Yeon AU - Yeo, Marie AU - Han, Sang-Uk AU - Ahn, Byeongwoo AU - Kim, Young-Bae AU - Kang, Jin Seok AU - Jang, Dong Deuk AU - Yang, Ki-Hwa AU - Kim, Dae-Yong AD - Department of General Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul Y1 - 2004/12/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 01 SP - 8105 EP - 8113 PB - American Association for Cancer Research, 615 Chestnut St., 17th Floor Philadelphia PA 19106-4404 USA, [URL:http://www.aacr.org/] VL - 10 IS - 23 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Cyclooxygenase-2 KW - Helicobacter pylori KW - Western blotting KW - Apoptosis KW - Tumorigenesis KW - Animal models KW - N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea KW - Carcinogens KW - Infection KW - nimesulide KW - Tumor cell lines KW - Bax protein KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Bcl-2 protein KW - Gastric cancer KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Antiinflammatory agents KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20790301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=The+Selective+Cyclooxygenase-2+Inhibitor+Nimesulide+Prevents+Helicobacter+pylori-Associated+Gastric+Cancer+Development+in+a+Mouse+Model&rft.au=Nam%2C+Ki+Taek%3BHahm%2C+Ki-Baik%3BOh%2C+Sang-Yeon%3BYeo%2C+Marie%3BHan%2C+Sang-Uk%3BAhn%2C+Byeongwoo%3BKim%2C+Young-Bae%3BKang%2C+Jin+Seok%3BJang%2C+Dong+Deuk%3BYang%2C+Ki-Hwa%3BKim%2C+Dae-Yong&rft.aulast=Nam&rft.aufirst=Ki&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=8105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cyclooxygenase-2; Western blotting; Apoptosis; Tumorigenesis; Animal models; Carcinogens; N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea; Infection; nimesulide; Tumor cell lines; Bax protein; Carcinogenesis; Bcl-2 protein; Gastric cancer; Antiinflammatory agents; Immunohistochemistry; Helicobacter pylori ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Echocardiographic Findings in the PANDAS Subgroup AN - 19816340; 6099710 AB - BACKGROUND: Sydenham's chorea is the neurologic manifestation of rheumatic fever and is a diagnosis of exclusion requiring only the presence of frank chorea in the absence of another neurologic disorder. Two thirds of children with Sydenham's chorea also have rheumatic carditis (pathologic mitral valve regurgitation). Although there are similar neuropsychiatric symptoms and preceding group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection associated with both Sydenham's chorea and the PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections) subgroup, it is unknown whether patients in the PANDAS subgroup have any cardiac involvement. METHODS: Sixty children meeting the criteria for PANDAS were entered into protocols at National Institute of Mental Health between 1993 and 2002. Doppler and 2- dimensional echocardiograms were performed on these subjects to assess valvular heart disease. RESULTS: Of these 60 children, no echocardiographic evidence of significant mitral or aortic valve regurgitation was found. One patient was found to have mild mitral regurgitation, and all patients had normal left atrial size and normal left ventricular size and function. Follow-up echocardiograms on 20 children showed no significant valvular regurgitation. CONCLUSION: The evidence of a clear lack of rheumatic carditis in these children supports the hypothesis that PANDAS is a distinct neuropsychiatric diagnosis separate from Sydenham's chorea. JF - Pediatrics AU - Snider, Lisa A AU - Sachdev, Vandana AU - Mackaronis, Julia E AU - Peter, Marilyn St AU - Swedo, Susan E AD - Pediatrics and Developmental Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - e748 EP - e751 PB - American Academy of Pediatrics, 141 Northwest Point Blvd. Elk Grove Village IL 60007-1098 USA, [mailto:journals@aap.org], [URL:http://www.aap.org] VL - 114 IS - 6 SN - 0031-4005, 0031-4005 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus KW - Heart KW - Rheumatic fever KW - Aortic valve KW - Pediatrics KW - Echocardiography KW - Infection KW - Children KW - Mitral valve KW - Chorea KW - Ventricle KW - Mental disorders KW - Regurgitation KW - Carditis KW - Heart diseases KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19816340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Echocardiographic+Findings+in+the+PANDAS+Subgroup&rft.au=Snider%2C+Lisa+A%3BSachdev%2C+Vandana%3BMackaronis%2C+Julia+E%3BPeter%2C+Marilyn+St%3BSwedo%2C+Susan+E&rft.aulast=Snider&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=e748&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=00314005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heart; Rheumatic fever; Pediatrics; Aortic valve; Echocardiography; Children; Infection; Mitral valve; Chorea; Mental disorders; Ventricle; Regurgitation; Carditis; Heart diseases; Streptococcus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ciprofloxacin at low levels disrupts colonization resistance of human fecal microflora growing in chemostats AN - 19411813; 6158931 AB - We studied the in vitro effects of a range of ciprofloxacin (CI) concentrations on the human intestinal flora's colonization resistance (CR) to Salmonella kedougou NCTC 12173. Four steady state microbial communities were established in chemostats using inocula from a single pool of human feces. Three chemostats were exposed to CI (0.1, 0.43 and 5 mu g/mL, respectively); one served as a no-drug control. The CR of each community was tested by three successive daily challenges of 10 super(8) S. kedougou, each delivered in a 1 mL bolus. There was no colonization of the no-drug chemostat. Likewise, after exposure to only 0.1 mu g/mL CI there was no loss of CR and S. kedougou did not colonize. Conversely, both the 0.43 and the 5 mu g/mL-exposed floras suffered a loss of CR and these chemostats were colonized. S. kedougou overgrew faster and reached higher counts in the presence of 0.43 than it did in the presence of 5 mu g/mL. One possible explanation is that CI had a dose-dependent effect on both the challenge strain and CR. Thus, at higher levels, even though CR was disrupted by CI, so too was the growth of the challenge strain. Since exposure to CI elicited a dose-dependent reduction in Escherichia coli counts [Reg. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 33 (2001) 276] our new data suggest that E. coli may contribute to the CR against salmonella. We further conclude that, even at fecal levels below those reached during therapy, CI may impact the human gut flora sufficiently to facilitate colonization by S. kedougou. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Carman, R J AU - Simon, MA AU - Fernandez, H AU - Miller, MA AU - Bartholomew, MJ AD - United States Food and Drug Administration-Center for Veterinary Medicine, 7500 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, United States, rjcarman@techlab.com Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 319 EP - 326 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pharmacology KW - Anadromous species KW - Therapy KW - Strains KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - Intestinal microflora KW - Colonization KW - Growth KW - Fecal microflora KW - Chemostats KW - Intestines KW - Exposure KW - Escherichia coli KW - Salmonella KW - Toxicology KW - Q1 08342:Geographical distribution KW - J 02841:Microflora KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19411813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Ciprofloxacin+at+low+levels+disrupts+colonization+resistance+of+human+fecal+microflora+growing+in+chemostats&rft.au=Carman%2C+R+J%3BSimon%2C+MA%3BFernandez%2C+H%3BMiller%2C+MA%3BBartholomew%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Carman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.yrtph.2004.08.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colonization; Growth; Intestines; Pharmacology; Anadromous species; Therapy; Strains; Toxicology; Intestinal microflora; Ciprofloxacin; Fecal microflora; Chemostats; Exposure; Escherichia coli; Salmonella DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.08.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An investigation on the relationship between grip, push and contact forces applied to a tool handle AN - 18030280; 6065642 AB - Owing to the strong dependence of the health risks associated with vibration exposure of the human hand and arm on hand force, a laboratory study was conducted to develop a methodology for measurement of the contact force at the tool handle-hand interface, and to identify the relationship between the contact force and the hand grip and push forces. A simulated tool handle fixture was realized in the laboratory to measure the grip and push forces using compression/extension force sensors integrated within the handle and a force plate, respectively. The contact force was derived through integration of the interface pressure over the contact area. These were measured using a capacitive pressure-sensing grid. The measurements were performed with 10 male subjects and three circular cross-section handles of different sizes under different combinations of grip and push forces. The hand-handle interface pressure data were analyzed to derive the contact force, as functions of the constant magnitudes of the grip and push forces, and the handle size. The results suggest that the hand-handle contact force is strongly dependent upon not only the grip and push forces but also the handle diameter. The contact force for a given handle size can be expressed as a linear combination of grip and push forces, where the contribution of the grip force is considerably larger than that of the push force. The results further suggest that a linear relation can characterize the dependence of the contact force on the handle diameter. The validity of the proposed relationship is demonstrated by evaluating the magnitudes of errors between the estimated contact forces with the measured data for the range of handle diameters, and grip and push forces considered in the study. The methodology proposed in this study can be applied to measure the effective hand- handle contact force at workplaces for assessing the health risks associated with exposure to hand-transmitted vibration exposure and hand-wrist cumulative trauma. The relationship proposed in the study could be effectively applied for estimating the hand-handle contact force from known grip and push forces that are conveniently and directly measurable in laboratory studies involving vibration analyses of the human hand, power tools and relevant vibration attenuation devices. It is expected to be most useful in field applications, where it could provide an estimate of the range of magnitudes of the hand-grip force applied to the handle of an actual tool, which is quite difficult and expensive to measure. The relationship is also expected to contribute to the on- going standardization efforts for defining a correction factor to account for the effects of hand force on the vibration transmission and hand injuries. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Welcome, D AU - Rakheja, S AU - Dong, R AU - Wu, J Z AU - Schopper, A W AD - Engineering & Control Technology Branch, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2201, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, zzw8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 507 EP - 518 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Vibration KW - Standards KW - Occupational exposure KW - Ergonomics KW - Hand tools KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18030280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=An+investigation+on+the+relationship+between+grip%2C+push+and+contact+forces+applied+to+a+tool+handle&rft.au=Welcome%2C+D%3BRakheja%2C+S%3BDong%2C+R%3BWu%2C+J+Z%3BSchopper%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Welcome&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ergon.2004.06.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibration; Standards; Ergonomics; Injuries; Hand tools; Occupational exposure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2004.06.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistent chemicals found in breast milk and their possible interactions AN - 17855364; 6131878 AB - Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs), hexachlorobenzene, dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane (p, p'-DDE), methylmercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were selected as an important subset of persistent chemicals detected in breast milk for the purpose of reviewing data on their joint toxic actions following oral exposure. Epidemiological studies of possible health hazards associated with exposure to biopersistent chemicals in breast milk identify mild neurodevelopmental deficits as a possible health hazard. However, the studies did not analyze all the components of the above defined mixture, and, therefore, they are not directly useful for the purposes of conducting exposure-based assessments of hazards associated with this mixture. For this purpose, component-based methodology such as binary weight-of- evidence, the hazard index (HI) and the target-organ toxicity dose (TTD) approaches are recommended. Weight-of-evidence evaluation of the limited animal studies' data on interactions among CDDs, hexachlorobenzene, p, p-DDE, methylmercury, and PCBs indicates that the data are inadequate to warrant a concern for deviations from the additivity assumption. Further, exposure-based health assessments are used, in conjunction with evaluation of community- specific health outcome data, consideration of community health concerns, and biomedical judgement, to assess the degree of public health hazard presented by mixtures of substances released into the environment. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Pohl, H R AU - McClure, P AU - De Rosa, CT AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, GA, USA, hpohl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 259 EP - 266 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 1382-6689, 1382-6689 KW - dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane KW - methylmercury KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Breast milk KW - Public health KW - PCB compounds KW - PCB KW - Methylmercury KW - Toxicity KW - Joints KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Dibenzo-p-dioxin KW - Hexachlorobenzene KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17855364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Persistent+chemicals+found+in+breast+milk+and+their+possible+interactions&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H+R%3BMcClure%2C+P%3BDe+Rosa%2C+CT&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.etap.2003.11.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Breast milk; PCB compounds; Hexachlorobenzene; Toxicity; Public health; Methylmercury; PCB; polychlorinated biphenyls; Joints; Dibenzo-p-dioxin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2003.11.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer Incidence Among Pesticide Applicators Exposed to Chlorpyrifos in the Agricultural Health Study AN - 17853625; 6099164 AB - BACKGROUND: Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used insecticides in the United States. We evaluated the incidence of cancer among pesticide applicators exposed to chlorpyrifos in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. METHODS: A total of 54 383 pesticide applicators were included in this analysis. Detailed information on pesticide exposure and lifestyle factors was obtained from self- administered questionnaires completed at the time of enrollment (December 1993- December 1997). Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between chlorpyrifos exposure and cancer incidence after adjustment for potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: A total of 2070 incident malignant neoplasms were diagnosed through 2001. The rate ratio for all cancers combined among chlorpyrifos-exposed applicators compared with nonexposed applicators was 0.97 (95% confidence interval = 0.87 to 1.08). For most cancers analyzed, there was no evidence of an exposure-response relationship. However, the incidence of lung cancer was statistically significantly associated with both chlorpyrifos lifetime exposure-days (P sub(trend) = .002) and chlorpyrifos intensity-weighted exposure-days (P sub(trend) = .036). After adjustment for other pesticide exposures and demographic factors, individuals in the highest quartile of chlorpyrifos lifetime exposure-days (>56 days) had a relative risk of lung cancer 2.18 (95% confidence interval = 1.31 to 3.64) times that of those with no chlorpyrifos exposure. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest an association between chlorpyrifos use and incidence of lung cancer that deserves further evaluation. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Lee, Won Jin AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Hoppin, Jane A AU - Lubin, Jay H AU - Rusiecki, Jennifer A AU - Sandler, Dale P AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AU - Alavanja, Michael CR AD - Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD Y1 - 2004/12/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 01 SP - 1781 EP - 1789 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 96 IS - 23 SN - 0027-8874, 0027-8874 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - Insecticides KW - USA, Iowa KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 5000:Pesticides UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17853625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Cancer+Incidence+Among+Pesticide+Applicators+Exposed+to+Chlorpyrifos+in+the+Agricultural+Health+Study&rft.au=Lee%2C+Won+Jin%3BBlair%2C+Aaron%3BHoppin%2C+Jane+A%3BLubin%2C+Jay+H%3BRusiecki%2C+Jennifer+A%3BSandler%2C+Dale+P%3BDosemeci%2C+Mustafa%3BAlavanja%2C+Michael+CR&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Won&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=1781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=00278874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Iowa; USA, North Carolina; Insecticides; Lung cancer; Chlorpyrifos; Occupational exposure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of proteins induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and de novo sequencing methods AN - 17851842; 6097912 AB - Protein profiles of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 grown in the presence of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW PAHs) were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Cultures of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 were incubated with pyrene, pyrene-4,5-quinone (PQ), phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene. Soluble cellular protein fractions were analyzed and compared, using immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips. More than 1000 gel-separated proteins were detected using a 2-DE analysis program within the window of isoelectric point (pI) 4-7 and a molecular mass range of 10-100 kDa. We observed variations in the protein composition showing the upregulation of multiple proteins for the five PAH treatments compared with the uninduced control sample. By N-terminal sequencing or mass spectrometry, we further analyzed the proteins separated by 2-DE. Due to the lack of genome sequence information for this species, protein identification provided an analytical challenge. Several PAH- induced proteins were identified including a catalase-peroxidase, a putative monooxygenase, a dioxygenase small subunit, a small subunit of naphthalene- inducible dioxygenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase. We also identified proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism (enolase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase, and fumarase), DNA translation (probable elongation factor Tsf), heat shock proteins, and energy production (ATP synthase). Many proteins from M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 showed similarity with protein sequences from M. tuberculosis and M. leprae. Some proteins were detected uniquely upon exposure to a specific PAH whereas others were common to more than one PAH, which indicates that induction triggers not only specific responses but a common response in this strain. JF - Proteomics AU - Kim, Seong-Jae AU - Jones, Richard C AU - Cha, Chang-Jun AU - Kweon, Ohgew AU - Edmondson, Ricky D AU - Cerniglia, Carl E AD - Division of Microbiology, ccerniglia@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 PB - Wiley-VCH, Postfach 101161 Weinheim 69451 Germany, [mailto:info@wiley-vch.de], [URL:http://www.wiley-vch.de/publish/en/] VL - 4 IS - 12 SN - 1615-9853, 1615-9853 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - de novo sequencing KW - Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Protein identificaion KW - Two-dimensional protein profiles KW - Fluoranthene KW - Mycobacterium vanbaalenii KW - Carbohydrate metabolism KW - Isoelectric points KW - Fumarate hydratase KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - Phenanthrene KW - ATP synthase KW - Phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) KW - Dioxygenase KW - Phosphopyruvate hydratase KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17851842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proteomics&rft.atitle=Identification+of+proteins+induced+by+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon+in+Mycobacterium+vanbaalenii+PYR-1+using+two-dimensional+polyacrylamide+gel+electrophoresis+and+de+novo+sequencing+methods&rft.au=Kim%2C+Seong-Jae%3BJones%2C+Richard+C%3BCha%2C+Chang-Jun%3BKweon%2C+Ohgew%3BEdmondson%2C+Ricky+D%3BCerniglia%2C+Carl+E&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Seong-Jae&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proteomics&rft.issn=16159853&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpmic.200400872 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluoranthene; Isoelectric points; Carbohydrate metabolism; Phenanthrene; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Fumarate hydratase; ATP synthase; Phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating); Phosphopyruvate hydratase; Dioxygenase; Gel electrophoresis; Mycobacterium vanbaalenii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200400872 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism by N-Acetyltransferase 1 In Vitro and in Healthy Volunteers: A Prototype for Targeted Inhibition AN - 17836370; 6078630 AB - Inhibition of drug metabolism is generally avoided but can be useful in limited circumstances, such as reducing the formation of toxic metabolites. Acetylation is a major pathway for drug elimination that can also convert substrates into toxic species, including carcinogens. Sulfamethoxazole, a widely used antibiotic, is metabolized via arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1. p- Aminosalicylate, used for antitubercular treatment, is also metabolized by N- acetyltransferase 1 and could potentially inhibit sulfamethoxazole metabolism. Human hepatocytes from 4 donors were incubated in vitro with sulfamethoxazole and paminosalicylate at clinically achievable concentrations. p-Aminosalicylate competitively reduced the acetylation of sulfamethoxazole in vitro by 61% to 83% at 200 mu M. Four healthy volunteers were studied following doses of 500 mg sulfamethoxazole either alone or during administration of paminosalicylate (4 g ter in die). Plasma concentrations of paminosalicylate exceeded 100 mu M. With each subject as his or her own control, p-aminosalicylate reduced by 5-fold the ratio of plasma concentrations of acetylsulfamethoxazole relative to parent drug (P < .001). Metabolic drug-drug interaction studies in vitro successfully predicted inhibition of acetylation via N-acetyltransferase 1 in vivo. Although no specific toxic species was investigated in this work, the potential was demonstrated for improving the therapeutic index of drugs that have toxic metabolites. JF - Journal of Clinical Pharmacology AU - Cantilena, Louis R AU - Katki, Aspandiar G AU - Klecker, Raymond W AU - Collins, Jerry M AD - Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, and the Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 1405 EP - 1411 PB - Sage Publications, Inc., 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks CA 91320 USA, [mailto:info@sagepub.com], [URL:http://www.sagepub.com/] VL - 44 IS - 12 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Arylamine N-acetyltransferase KW - Acetylation KW - N-acetyltransferase 1 KW - Sulfamethoxazole KW - Hepatocytes KW - Drug metabolism KW - Antibiotics KW - Metabolites KW - Carcinogens KW - X 24114:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17836370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Metabolism+by+N-Acetyltransferase+1+In+Vitro+and+in+Healthy+Volunteers%3A+A+Prototype+for+Targeted+Inhibition&rft.au=Cantilena%2C+Louis+R%3BKatki%2C+Aspandiar+G%3BKlecker%2C+Raymond+W%3BCollins%2C+Jerry+M&rft.aulast=Cantilena&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfamethoxazole; Acetylation; Metabolites; N-acetyltransferase 1; Antibiotics; Drug metabolism; Hepatocytes; Arylamine N-acetyltransferase; Carcinogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of drug countermeasures for space motion sickness on working memory in humans AN - 17826277; 6143876 AB - Space motion sickness (SMS) is a problem during the first 72 h of space flight and during transitions from different gravity environments. There currently are no effective drug countermeasures for SMS that also accommodate the retention of optimal cognitive function. This creates a dilemma for astronauts because cognitive skills are particularly important during gravity transitions (e.g., take-off and landing). To quantify the cognitive side effects of potential drug countermeasures, an automated delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) procedure was used to assess visual working memory before and after drug countermeasures (meclizine 25 mg, scopolamine 0.4 mg, promethazine 25 mg, or lorazepam 1 mg, given orally approximately 45 min prior to testing) and/or the induction of SMS by vestibular stimulation in a rotary chair (spinning). Sixty-seven normal healthy volunteers (mean age, in years, 26.6+/-4.8 S.D.; 24 females and 43 males) each participated in two test sessions, one 'off' drug and one 'on' drug. Spinning by itself significantly decreased task accuracy (Acc) and choice response speed, especially at longer recall delays. Meclizine alone had no effect on Acc or speed with or without spinning. Scopolamine alone decreased Acc, and with spinning, slowed speed. Promethazine alone had no adverse effect, but combined with spinning, decreased Acc and speed. Lorazepam alone decreased speed, and with spinning, decreased Acc. The data suggest that, at clinically useful doses, the rank order of the drugs with the best cognitive profiles is meclizine>scopolamine>promethazine>lorazepam. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Paule, M G AU - Chelonis, J J AU - Blake, D J AU - Dornhoffer, J L AD - Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, Unites States, mpaule@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 825 EP - 837 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - motion sickness KW - Matching-to-sample KW - Promethazine KW - Scopolamine KW - Space flight KW - Cognitive ability KW - Gravity KW - Vestibular system KW - Drugs KW - Short term memory KW - Side effects KW - N3 11105:Primates KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17826277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+drug+countermeasures+for+space+motion+sickness+on+working+memory+in+humans&rft.au=Paule%2C+M+G%3BChelonis%2C+J+J%3BBlake%2C+D+J%3BDornhoffer%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ntt.2004.07.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - motion sickness; Matching-to-sample; Scopolamine; Promethazine; Space flight; Gravity; Cognitive ability; Vestibular system; Short term memory; Drugs; Side effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2004.07.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Phenanthrols in Human Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Potential Use in Carcinogen Metabolite Phenotyping AN - 17824601; 6115824 AB - Phenanthrene is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) containing a bay region, a feature closely associated with carcinogenicity. We have proposed that measurement of phenanthrene metabolites in human urine could be used to identify interindividual differences in metabolic activation and detoxification of PAH, and that these differences may be related to cancer susceptibility in smokers and other exposed individuals. Previously, we reported a method for quantitation of r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4- tetrahydrophenanthrene (trans, anti-PheT) in human urine. trans, anti-PheT is the ultimate product of the diol epoxide metabolic activation pathway of phenanthrene. In this study, we have extended our carcinogen metabolite phenotyping approach by developing a method for quantitation of phenanthrols in human urine. PAH phenols such as phenanthrols are considered as detoxification products. After treatment of the urine by beta-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase, a fraction enriched in phenanthrols was prepared by partitioning and solid phase extraction. The phenanthrols were silylated and analyzed by gas chromatography- positive ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. [ring- super(13)C sub(6)]3-phenanthrol was used as an internal standard. Accurate and reproducible quantitation of four phenanthrols, 1-phenanthrol (1-HOPhe), 2- HOPhe, 3-HOPhe, and 4-HOPhe, was readily achieved. In smokers, mean levels of 1- HOPhe (0.96 +/-1.2 pmol/mg creatinine) and 3-HOPhe (0.82 +/-0.62 pmol/mg creatinine) were greater than those of 2-HOPhe (0.47 +/-0.29 pmol/mg creatinine), and 4-HOPhe (0.11 +/-0.07 pmol/mg creatinine). There were no significant differences between the levels of any of the phenanthrols in smokers and nonsmokers. Total levels of the quantified phenanthrols were highly correlated with those of 3-HOPhe. Ratios of phenanthrene metabolites representing activation and detoxification were calculated as trans, anti-PheT divided by 3-HOPhe. There was a 7.5-fold spread of ratios in smokers, and a 12.3-fold spread in nonsmokers, suggesting that this may be a useful parameter for distinguishing individual metabolic responses to PAH exposure. JF - Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention AU - Carmella, Steven G AU - Chen, Menglan AU - Yagi, Haruhiko AU - Jerina, Donald M AU - Hecht, Stephen S AD - The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota and Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 2167 EP - 2174 PB - American Association for Cancer Research, 615 Chestnut St., 17th Floor Philadelphia PA 19106-4404 USA, [URL:http://www.aacr.org/] VL - 13 IS - 12 SN - 1055-9965, 1055-9965 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Cerebroside-sulfatase KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Epoxides KW - Carcinogens KW - Cancer KW - Phenols KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Phenanthrene KW - Creatinine KW - Gas chromatography KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Urine KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17824601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Epidemiology%2C+Biomarkers+%26+Prevention&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Phenanthrols+in+Human+Urine+by+Gas+Chromatography-Mass+Spectrometry%3A+Potential+Use+in+Carcinogen+Metabolite+Phenotyping&rft.au=Carmella%2C+Steven+G%3BChen%2C+Menglan%3BYagi%2C+Haruhiko%3BJerina%2C+Donald+M%3BHecht%2C+Stephen+S&rft.aulast=Carmella&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Epidemiology%2C+Biomarkers+%26+Prevention&rft.issn=10559965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urine; Creatinine; Phenanthrene; Carcinogens; Epoxides; Carcinogenicity; Cerebroside-sulfatase; Gas chromatography; Mass spectroscopy; Phenols; Cancer; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neonatal exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) alters male reproductive-tract development AN - 17799671; 6130363 AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate male reproductive-organ development in early postnatal male rats following neonatal exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) and identify a mechanism of action. Neonatal male rats were injected subcutaneously from d 5 to 14 after birth with corn oil (control) and DBP (5, 10, or 20 mg/animal). Animals were killed at postnatal day (PND) 31 and PND 42, respectively, and testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles, ventral prostate, levator ani plus bulbocavernosus muscles (LABC), and Cowper's glands were weighed. In addition, the expressions of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors (ERs), and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) were also examined in the testes. Total body weights gains were significantly reduced at PND 29-31, but gradually recovered on PND 42. However, DBP (20 mg/animal) significantly reduced the weights of testes and accessory sex organs (seminal vesicles, LABC, and Cowper's glands), but not of the epididymis. These adverse effects persisted through puberty at PND 42. Serum testosterone levels did not show any significant changes in the control and DBP treatment groups. Histomorphological examination showed mild diffuse Leydig-cell hyperplasia in the interstitium of severely affected tubules on PND 31. Only a few multinuclear germ cells were observed. DBP (20 mg/animal) significantly decreased the expression of AR, whereas ER expression and SF-1 expression were increased in a dose-dependent manner on PND 31 in the rat testes. On PND 42, DBP (20 mg/animal) significantly inhibited ER expression in the testes, but not AR, ER, and SF-1. These results demonstrate that neonatal exposure to DBP produces permanent changes in the endocrine system and leads to abnormal male reproductive-tract development until puberty. Thus our data suggest that DBP is likely to exert its antiandrogenic actions through disruption of AR or ER expression during the early neonatal stage. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Kim, Hyung Sik AU - Kim, Tae Sung AU - Shin, Jae-Ho AU - Moon, Hyun Ju AU - Kang, Il Hyun AU - Kim, In Young AU - Oh, Ji Young AU - Han, Soon-Young AD - National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbun-dong Eunpyung-ku, Seoul 122-704, Korea, soonyoungh@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 2045 EP - 2060 VL - 67 IS - 23-24 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Testes KW - Epididymis KW - Germ cells KW - Development KW - Androgen receptors KW - phthalates KW - Hyperplasia KW - Testosterone KW - seminal vesicles KW - Glands KW - Neonates KW - Endocrine system KW - Prostate KW - Estrogen receptors KW - Side effects KW - Tubules KW - Puberty KW - X 24115:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17799671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Neonatal+exposure+to+di%28n-butyl%29+phthalate+%28DBP%29+alters+male+reproductive-tract+development&rft.au=Kim%2C+Hyung+Sik%3BKim%2C+Tae+Sung%3BShin%2C+Jae-Ho%3BMoon%2C+Hyun+Ju%3BKang%2C+Il+Hyun%3BKim%2C+In+Young%3BOh%2C+Ji+Young%3BHan%2C+Soon-Young&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Hyung&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=23-24&rft.spage=2045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390490514859 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Second Korean Toxicology Symposium. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testes; Epididymis; Germ cells; Development; Androgen receptors; phthalates; Testosterone; Hyperplasia; seminal vesicles; Glands; Neonates; Endocrine system; Estrogen receptors; Prostate; Side effects; Puberty; Tubules DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390490514859 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential gene profiles in developing embryo and fetus after in utero exposure to ethanol AN - 17799421; 6130365 AB - Alcohol consumption during pregnancy results in morphological abnormalities in the fetuses of humans and experimental animals, and is referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). However, the molecular mechanism underlying FAS has not been completely elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of ethanol-induced FAS in the developing embryo and fetus. cDNA microarray analysis was used to screen for altered gene profiles. Ethanol at a teratogenic dosage (3.8 g/kg, twice a day) was administered intraperitoneally to pregnant C57Bl/6J mice from gestation day (GD) 6 to 8. Morphologic observations showed excessive malformations of the craniofacial regions (reduction of the face, the absence of eyes, nose, jaw, and mandible, underdevelopment of vibrissae areas, cleft lip, and palate) in ethanol-exposed embryos (GD 10) and fetusus (GD 15). cDNA microarray analysis showed alterations in several gene profiles, including the "palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone (plunc)," "neurofilament," and "pale ear." Of these genes, the expressions of plunc were confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and whole-mount in situ hybridization. The plunc was highly expressed in the craniofacial region, specifically in upper airways and nasopharyngeal epithelium. RT-PCR analysis revealed that normal plunc mRNA expression levels were present in GD 15 fetuses, but not in GD 10 embryos. Interestingly, ethanol significantly downregulated the plunc expression in GD 15 fetuses. Our results suggest that ethanol-induced FAS is due in part to the downregulation of plunc expression in the fetus, and this gene may be a candidate biological marker for FAS. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Lee, Rhee Da AU - Rhee, Gyu Seek AU - An, Sang Mi AU - Kim, Soon Sun AU - Kwack, Seung Jun AU - Seok, Ji Hyun AU - Chae, Soo Yeong AU - Park, Chul Hoon AU - Yoon, Hyo Jung AU - Cho, Dae Hyun AU - Kim, Hyung Sik AU - Park, Kui Lea AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbun-dong, Eunpyung-ku, Seoul, 122-704, Korea, parkkl@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 2073 EP - 2084 VL - 67 IS - 23-24 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Neurofilaments KW - Fetal alcohol syndrome KW - Ear KW - Palate KW - DNA microarrays KW - Fetuses KW - Pregnancy KW - Gene expression KW - Lip KW - Fas antigen KW - Lung KW - Gestation KW - Jaw KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - CD95 antigen KW - Nose KW - Epithelium KW - Embryos KW - Respiratory tract KW - Ethanol KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17799421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Differential+gene+profiles+in+developing+embryo+and+fetus+after+in+utero+exposure+to+ethanol&rft.au=Lee%2C+Rhee+Da%3BRhee%2C+Gyu+Seek%3BAn%2C+Sang+Mi%3BKim%2C+Soon+Sun%3BKwack%2C+Seung+Jun%3BSeok%2C+Ji+Hyun%3BChae%2C+Soo+Yeong%3BPark%2C+Chul+Hoon%3BYoon%2C+Hyo+Jung%3BCho%2C+Dae+Hyun%3BKim%2C+Hyung+Sik%3BPark%2C+Kui+Lea&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Rhee&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=23-24&rft.spage=2073&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390490515001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Second Korean Toxicology Symposium. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neurofilaments; Fetal alcohol syndrome; Ear; DNA microarrays; Palate; Fetuses; Pregnancy; Gene expression; Lip; Lung; Fas antigen; Jaw; Gestation; CD95 antigen; Polymerase chain reaction; Embryos; Epithelium; Nose; Ethanol; Respiratory tract DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390490515001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using the ATSDR Guidance Manual for the Assessment of Joint Toxic Action of Chemical Mixtures AN - 17798783; 6132950 AB - The Guidance Manual for the Assessment of Joint Toxic Action of Chemical Mixtures (Mixtures Guidance Manual) is intended to assist environmental health scientists and toxicologists in determining whether exposure to chemical mixtures at hazardous waste sites may affect public health. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) approach is a semi-quantitative screening process. Step-by-step procedures for assessing noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects are outlined in flow charts. Exposure data and toxicological information on the mixture of concern are the preferred basis for an assessment. If suitable whole mixture studies are not available, a components-based approach is undertaken. The hazard index (HI) method is used to screen for noncancer health hazards from potential additivity of the components. Cancer risks for the components are summed to screen for health hazards from potential additivity of carcinogenic effects. A weight-of-evidence (WOE) method is used to evaluate the potential impact of interactions on noncancer and cancer health effects. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Wilbur, S B AU - Hansen, H AU - Pohl, H AU - Colman, J AU - McClure, P AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, sdw9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 223 EP - 230 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 1382-6689, 1382-6689 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Databases KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Exposure KW - Wastes KW - Cancer KW - Public health KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17798783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Using+the+ATSDR+Guidance+Manual+for+the+Assessment+of+Joint+Toxic+Action+of+Chemical+Mixtures&rft.au=Wilbur%2C+S+B%3BHansen%2C+H%3BPohl%2C+H%3BColman%2C+J%3BMcClure%2C+P&rft.aulast=Wilbur&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.etap.2003.03.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cancer; Exposure; Chemicals; Databases; Carcinogenicity; Public health; Wastes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2003.03.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bile-Mediated Aminoglycoside Sensitivity in Lactobacillus Species Likely Results from Increased Membrane Permeability Attributable to Cholic Acid AN - 17793470; 6098276 AB - Few studies have been conducted on antimicrobial resistance in lactobacilli, presumably because of their nonpathogenic nature as anaerobic commensals. We assessed resistance in 43 type strains and isolates representing 14 species by using agar disk diffusion and MIC analysis in MRS medium. Most noteworthy were two general phenotypes displayed by nearly every strain tested: (i) they were more susceptible (up to 256-fold in some cases) to the deconjugated bile acid cholic acid than to the conjugate taurocholic or taurodeoxycholic acid, and (ii) they became susceptible to aminoglycosides when assayed on agar medium containing 0.5% fractionated bovine bile (ox gall). Two-dimensional MIC analyses of one representative strain, Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, at increasing concentrations of ox gall (0 to 30.3 mg/ml) displayed corresponding decreases in resistance to all of the aminoglycosides tested and ethidium bromide. This effect was clinically relevant, with the gentamicin MIC decreasing from >1,000 to 4 mu g/ml in just 3.8 mg of ox gall per ml. In uptake studies at pH 6.5, [G- super(3)H]gentamicin accumulation increased over control levels when cells of this strain were exposed to bile acids or reserpine but not when they were exposed to carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. The effect was dramatic, particularly with cholic acid, increasing up to 18-fold, whereas only modest increases, 3- and 5-fold, could be achieved with taurocholic acid and ox gall, respectively. Since L. plantarum, particularly strain WCFS1, is known to encode bile salt hydrolase (deconjugation) activity, our data indicate that mainly cholic acid, but not taurocholic acid, effectively permeabilizes the membrane to aminoglycosides. However, at pHs approaching neutral conditions in the intestinal lumen, aminoglycoside resistance due to membrane impermeability may be complemented by a potential efflux mechanism. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Elkins, Christopher A AU - Mullis, Lisa B AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 7200 EP - 7209 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 70 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Canker KW - Agar KW - Lactobacillus plantarum KW - taurocholic acid KW - Bile KW - cholic acid KW - Membrane permeability KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Aminoglycoside antibiotics KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02784:Aminoglycoside antibiotics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17793470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Bile-Mediated+Aminoglycoside+Sensitivity+in+Lactobacillus+Species+Likely+Results+from+Increased+Membrane+Permeability+Attributable+to+Cholic+Acid&rft.au=Elkins%2C+Christopher+A%3BMullis%2C+Lisa+B&rft.aulast=Elkins&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=7200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canker; Agar; Bile; taurocholic acid; Membrane permeability; cholic acid; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Antibiotic resistance; Aminoglycoside antibiotics; Lactobacillus plantarum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Falls through Roof and Floor Openings and Surfaces, Including Skylights: 1992-2000 AN - 17760175; 6157082 AB - Fall-related occupational injuries and fatalities are still serious problems in the U.S. construction industry. Two Bureau of Labor Statistics databases-Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses-were examined for 1992-2000. An important subset of falls-to-lower-level incidents is when workers fall through openings or surfaces, including skylights. A total of 605 fall-through fatalities occurred during 1992-2000. Also, 21,985 workers were injured seriously enough from fall-through incidents to miss a day away from work (DAFW). Fall-through injuries are among the most severe cases for median number of DAFW. Median DAFW were 35, 11, 25, 12, and 36 for fall-through roof and floor openings, roof and floor surfaces, and skylights, respectively, compared to 10 DAFW for all fall-to-lower-level incidents in all U.S. private industry. A conservative approach, which assumes that direct and indirect costs are equal, estimates a range of $55,000-$76,000 for the total cost of a 1998 DAFW fall-through injury. Current work practices should use commercial fall-prevention products to reduce the frequency and costs of fall-through incidents. These analyses have identified a subset of fall-related incidents that contribute to excessive costs to the U.S. construction industry. Researchers can use a systems approach on these incidents to identify contributing risk factors. Employers and practitioners can alert managers and work crews about these dangerous locations to eliminate these hazards that are often obvious and easy to rectify. JF - Journal of Construction Engineering and Management AU - Bobick, T G AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Mailstop H-G800, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, txb4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 895 EP - 907 VL - 130 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9364, 0733-9364 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Economics KW - Construction industry KW - Mortality KW - Falls KW - Prevention KW - USA KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17760175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Construction+Engineering+and+Management&rft.atitle=Falls+through+Roof+and+Floor+Openings+and+Surfaces%2C+Including+Skylights%3A+1992-2000&rft.au=Bobick%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Bobick&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=895&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Construction+Engineering+and+Management&rft.issn=07339364&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9364%282004%29130%3A6%28895%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Occupational safety; Construction industry; Mortality; Injuries; Economics; Prevention; Falls; Accidents DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2004)130:6(895) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin Is a Protective Antigen in the Mouse Aerosol Challenge Model of Tuberculosis AN - 17758578; 6093125 AB - The heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a surface-expressed adhesin that can affect binding to host cells via a unique, methylated, carboxyl-terminal, lysine-, alanine-, and proline-rich repeat region. It has been implicated in extrapulmonary dissemination of M. tuberculosis from the lung following the initial infection of the host. To assess the vaccine potential of this protein, purified preparations of HBHA were emulsified in a dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide-monophosphoryl lipid A adjuvant and tested for the ability to reduce M. tuberculosis infection in the mouse aerosol challenge model for tuberculosis. The HBHA-containing vaccine gave a -0.7-log reduction in CFU in both mouse lungs and spleens compared to adjuvant controls 28 days following challenge. Although a notable level of serum antibody to HBHA was elicited after three immunizations and the antibodies were able to bind to the surface of M. tuberculosis, passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies directed against HBHA did not protect in the challenge model. Compared to adjuvant controls, an elevated gamma interferon response was generated by splenic and lymph node-derived T cells from immunized mice in the presence of macrophages pulsed with purified HBHA or infected with live M. tuberculosis, suggesting that the effective immunity may be cell mediated. Efforts to construct effective recombinant HBHA vaccines in fast-growing Mycobacterium smegmatis have been unsuccessful so far, which indicates that distinctive posttranslational modifications present in the HBHA protein expressed by M. tuberculosis are critical for generating effective host immune responses. The vaccine studies described here demonstrate that HBHA is a promising new vaccine candidate for tuberculosis. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Parra, Marcela AU - Pickett, Thames AU - Delogu, Giovanni AU - Dheenadhayalan, Veerabadran AU - Debrie, Anne-Sophie AU - Locht, Camille AU - Brennan, Michael J AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland. Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 6799 EP - 6805 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 72 IS - 12 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Aerosols KW - Hemagglutinins KW - Animal models KW - Spleen KW - Adjuvants KW - Mycobacterium smegmatis KW - Immunity (cell-mediated) KW - Lung KW - Tuberculosis KW - Vaccines KW - Heparin KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17758578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=The+Mycobacterial+Heparin-Binding+Hemagglutinin+Is+a+Protective+Antigen+in+the+Mouse+Aerosol+Challenge+Model+of+Tuberculosis&rft.au=Parra%2C+Marcela%3BPickett%2C+Thames%3BDelogu%2C+Giovanni%3BDheenadhayalan%2C+Veerabadran%3BDebrie%2C+Anne-Sophie%3BLocht%2C+Camille%3BBrennan%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Parra&rft.aufirst=Marcela&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=6799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Tuberculosis; Vaccines; Adjuvants; Animal models; Hemagglutinins; Spleen; Aerosols; Lung; Heparin; Immunity (cell-mediated) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to ozone gases in pulp mills and the onset of rhinitis AN - 17758072; 6146134 AB - Objective Rhinitis is a common upper respiratory disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It is also accepted that allergic rhinitis may precede asthma, a disease with more serious consequences. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the risk of noninfectious rhinitis is increased after accidental gassings with ozone among bleachery workers in two pulp mills. Methods Bleachery workers (N=120) from two Swedish pulp mills using ozone as their bleaching agent were compared with control workers (N=80) not exposed to ozone in two adjacent paper mills. All of the participants were mailed a respiratory questionnaire that included items about asthma, noninfectious rhinitis, self-reported gassings, and smoking. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated with proportional hazards regression models. Results The bleachery workers who reported gassings from ozone were found to be at increased risk of noninfectious rhinitis [HR 3.4, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-8.7] when compared with control workers. Bleachery workers without self-reported ozone gassings were not at increased risk (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.3-2.4). Conclusion Acute exposure to high levels of ozone increases the risk of noninfectious rhinitis. This finding supports the view that peak exposures to irritants should be prevented in pulp mills. JF - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health AU - Hoffman, C D AU - Henneberger, P K AU - Olin, A-C AU - Mehta, A AU - Toren, K AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, pkh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 445 EP - 449 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Asthma KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Paper industry KW - Smoking KW - Occupational exposure KW - Ozone KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17758072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+ozone+gases+in+pulp+mills+and+the+onset+of+rhinitis&rft.au=Hoffman%2C+C+D%3BHenneberger%2C+P+K%3BOlin%2C+A-C%3BMehta%2C+A%3BToren%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ozone; Occupational exposure; Respiratory diseases; Paper industry; Asthma; Smoking ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New-Onset Asthma Associated With Exposure to 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole AN - 17737781; 6134260 AB - Objective: The authors conducted an investigation of a cluster of eight new-onset asthma cases identified in a chemical plant through the Sentinel Event Notification Systems for Occupational Risks (SENSOR) program. Methods: Workplace investigation involved interviews with the asthma cases, review of medical records, and medical and industrial hygiene surveys in the plant. Results: Altogether, 11 work-related asthma cases were identified among the plant workers--approximately 10% of the workers exposed to the potential causative agents: 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (AMT) or N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-methyl- [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide (DE-498; trade name Flumetsulam). Of these cases, six had physician-diagnosed occupational asthma (OA) based on work-related respiratory symptoms and nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness (NSBH), and of these, three had work-related expiratory peak flow changes. Conclusions: The findings of this investigation, together with findings from concurrent animal studies, suggest that this outbreak of new-onset asthma was associated with exposure to AMT. Clinical Significance: A cluster of eight new-onset asthma cases was identified in a chemical plant through the SENSOR program. Subsequent workplace investigation identified AMT, used in the production of a herbicide N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-methyl- [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide, as the most likely causal agent. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Hnizdo, E AU - Sylvain, D AU - Lewis, D M AU - Pechter, E AU - Kreiss, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS H-G900.2, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, Exh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 1246 EP - 1252 VL - 46 IS - 12 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole KW - Risk Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Respiratory tract diseases KW - Sensors KW - Asthma KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Chemical plants KW - Occupational exposure KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17737781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=New-Onset+Asthma+Associated+With+Exposure+to+3-amino-5-mercapto-1%2C2%2C4-triazole&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+E%3BSylvain%2C+D%3BLewis%2C+D+M%3BPechter%2C+E%3BKreiss%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000145001.98992.ad LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Respiratory tract diseases; Sensors; Asthma; Occupational exposure; Respiratory diseases; Chemical plants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000145001.98992.ad ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of Colorimetric Indicators and Thermo-Hand Method to Determine Base Permeation Through Chemical Protective Gloves AN - 17714364; 6071422 AB - The aim of this study was to assess the use of colorimetric indicator pads and the thermo-hand method for detection of inorganic/organic base permeation of chemical protective gloves under simulated in-use conditions. Breakthrough times for four types of gloves were determined based on the color change of pads and ranged from 3 to 10 min for butylamine, from 4 min to 4 hours for diisopropylamine, from 6 min to 4 hours for triethylamine, and 4 hours for sodium hydroxide. Quantification was performed for butylamine, diisopropylamine, and triethylamine by gas chromatography following solvent desorption. These chemicals exhibited 99% adsorption on the pads at spiking levels of 1.08- 1.11 mu g for each base. The recovery for the system was calculated for each chemical, with results ranging from 50-74%(RSD<=5%) for these bases over the spiking range 0.22-1.11 mu g. The quantitative mass of the bases on the pads at the time of breakthrough detection ranged from 118-121, 117-120, and 109- 116 mu g/cm2for butylamine, diisopropylamine, and triethylamine, respectively. The thermo-hand test method and base indicators together should find utility in detecting, collecting, and quantitatively analyzing base permeation samples under simulated in-use conditions. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Vo, Evanly AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 799 EP - 805 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd., 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 1 IS - 12 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Solvents KW - gloves KW - Permeability KW - Protective clothing KW - Hazardous materials KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17714364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Application+of+Colorimetric+Indicators+and+Thermo-Hand+Method+to+Determine+Base+Permeation+Through+Chemical+Protective+Gloves&rft.au=Vo%2C+Evanly&rft.aulast=Vo&rft.aufirst=Evanly&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490887048 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gloves; Occupational exposure; Solvents; Hazardous materials; Chemicals; Permeability; Protective clothing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490887048 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the SKS registered DPM cassette for monitoring diesel particulate matter in coal mines AN - 16186912; 6145641 AB - In a previous study, the efficacy of commercial and prototype impactors for sampling diesel particulate matter (DPM) in coal mines was investigated. Laboratory and field samples were collected on quartz-fiber filters and analyzed for organic and elemental carbon. Coal dust contributed a minimal amount of elemental carbon when commercial cascade impactors and prototype impactors, designed by the University of Minnesota (UMN) and the US Bureau of Mines (BOM), were used to collect submicrometer dust fractions. Other impactors were not as effective at excluding coal dust. The impactors evaluated in that study were either not commercially available or were multi-stage, expensive, and difficult to use for personal measurements. A commercial version of the BOM impactor, called the DPM Cassette, was recently introduced by SKC registered . Tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the DPM Cassette for measuring diesel-source elemental carbon in the presence of coal dust. Bituminous coals from three mines in two different coal provinces were examined. The dust particle diameters were small and the coal dust contained a high percentage of carbon, thereby giving a worst-case condition for non-anthracite coal mines. Results for the DPM Cassette were essentially identical to those obtained by the BOM impactors in a previous study. At a respirable coal dust concentration of 5.46 mg m super(-3), which is 3.8 times the regulatory limit, the DPM Cassette collected only 34 mu g m super(-3) of coal-source elemental carbon. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Noll, J D AU - Birch, E AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, JIN1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 973 EP - 978 VL - 6 IS - 12 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Carbon KW - Air sampling KW - Coal KW - Particulates KW - Mines KW - Diesel engines KW - Dust KW - Monitoring instruments KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16186912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+SKS+registered+DPM+cassette+for+monitoring+diesel+particulate+matter+in+coal+mines&rft.au=Noll%2C+J+D%3BBirch%2C+E&rft.aulast=Noll&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=973&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb410057c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Carbon; Air sampling; Particulates; Coal; Mines; Diesel engines; Dust; Monitoring instruments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b410057c ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drug labeling; sodium labeling for over-the-counter drugs. Final rule. AN - 67102651; 15570675 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule amending the regulations for sodium labeling for over-the-counter (OTC) drug products by extending the sodium content labeling requirement to rectal drug products containing sodium phosphate/sodium biphosphate (sodium phosphates). FDA is taking this action because people with certain medical conditions are at risk for an electrolyte imbalance to occur when using rectal sodium phosphates products. Serious adverse events and deaths have occurred because of the high level of sodium present in these products. This final rule is part of FDA's ongoing review of OTC drug products. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2004/11/29/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 29 SP - 69278 EP - 69280 VL - 69 IS - 228 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Cathartics KW - 0 KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - Phosphates KW - Sodium KW - 9NEZ333N27 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Cathartics -- adverse effects KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Water-Electrolyte Balance -- drug effects KW - Phosphates -- adverse effects KW - Administration, Rectal KW - Enema -- adverse effects KW - Phosphates -- administration & dosage KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- adverse effects KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Sodium -- administration & dosage KW - Sodium -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67102651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Drug+labeling%3B+sodium+labeling+for+over-the-counter+drugs.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2004-11-29&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=228&rft.spage=69278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oral administration of an AT1 receptor antagonist prevents the central effects of angiotensin II in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AN - 67029417; 15518636 AB - Peripheral and brain angiotensin II AT(1) receptor blockade decreases high blood pressure, stress, and neuronal injury. To clarify the effects of long-term brain Ang II receptor blockade, the AT(1) blocker, candesartan, was orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) for 40 days, followed by intraventricular injection of 25 ng of Ang II. Before Ang II injection, AT(1) receptor blockade normalized blood pressure and decreased plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone. After central administration of excess Ang II, the reduction of ACTH and corticosterone release induced by AT(1) receptor blockade no longer occurred. Central Ang II administration to vehicle-treated SHRs further increased blood pressure, provoked drinking, increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA expression in the locus coeruleus, and stimulated sympathoadrenal catecholamine release. Pretreatment with the AT(1) receptor antagonist eliminated Ang II-induced increases in blood pressure, water intake, and sympathoadrenal catecholamine release; inhibited peripheral and brain AT(1) receptors; increased AT(2) receptor binding in the locus coeruleus, inferior olive, and adrenal cortex; and decreased AT(2) receptor binding in the adrenal medulla. Inhibition of brain AT(1) receptors correlated with decreased TH transcription in the locus coeruleus, indicating a decreased central sympathetic drive. This, and the diminished adrenomedullary AT(1) and AT(2) receptor stimulation, result in decreased sympathoadrenomedullary stimulation. Oral administration of AT(1) antagonists can effectively block central actions of Ang II, regulating blood pressure and reaction to stress, and selectively and differentially modulating sympathoadrenal response and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stimulation produced by brain Ang II--effects of potential therapeutic importance. JF - Brain research AU - Seltzer, Alicia AU - Bregonzio, Claudia AU - Armando, Inés AU - Baiardi, Gustavo AU - Saavedra, Juan M AD - Section on Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bldg 10, Rm 2D57, 10 Center Dr, MSC-1514, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/11/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 26 SP - 9 EP - 18 VL - 1028 IS - 1 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers KW - 0 KW - Benzimidazoles KW - Catechols KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 KW - Tetrazoles KW - Angiotensin II KW - 11128-99-7 KW - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone KW - 9002-60-2 KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.16.2 KW - candesartan KW - S8Q36MD2XX KW - Corticosterone KW - W980KJ009P KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase -- metabolism KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Drug Interactions KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Adrenal Glands -- drug effects KW - Injections, Intraventricular KW - Rats KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase -- genetics KW - Corticosterone -- blood KW - Catechols -- blood KW - Male KW - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone -- blood KW - Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 -- drug effects KW - Locus Coeruleus -- drug effects KW - Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers -- administration & dosage KW - Benzimidazoles -- administration & dosage KW - Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 -- physiology KW - Angiotensin II -- administration & dosage KW - Locus Coeruleus -- metabolism KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Tetrazoles -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67029417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Oral+administration+of+an+AT1+receptor+antagonist+prevents+the+central+effects+of+angiotensin+II+in+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats.&rft.au=Seltzer%2C+Alicia%3BBregonzio%2C+Claudia%3BArmando%2C+In%C3%A9s%3BBaiardi%2C+Gustavo%3BSaavedra%2C+Juan+M&rft.aulast=Seltzer&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rft.date=2004-11-26&rft.volume=1028&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential mutagenicity of riddelliine in liver endothelial and parenchymal cells of transgenic big blue rats. AN - 66987691; 15488633 AB - Riddelliine is a naturally occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloid that induces liver hemangiosarcomas in rats and mice. We previously reported higher levels of DNA adducts in liver endothelial cells than in liver parenchymal cells of riddelliine-treated mice and rats [Cancer Lett. 193 (2003) 119], suggesting that the tumor specificity is due to higher levels of DNA damage in the cells that form hemangosarcomas. In the present study, we evaluated the cell-specificity of riddelliine mutagenicity in rat liver. Female transgenic Big Blue rats were treated by gavage with 0.3 mg riddelliine per kg body weight, 5 days a week for 12 weeks. One day after the last treatment, the rats were sacrificed and liver parenchymal and endothelial cell fractions were isolated and purified. DNA was extracted from the cell fractions and used to assay for mutant frequency (MF) in the cII transgene. While there was no difference in the cII MFs of liver parenchymal cells in control and riddelliine-treated rats, the cII MF of liver endothelial cells from treated rats was significantly greater than the cII MF of endothelial cells from control rats. Molecular analysis of the mutants in liver endothelial cells indicated that G:C-->T:A transversion, a mutation that is characteristically induced by riddelliine, accounted for only 9% of all mutations in control rats, but made up 17% of mutations in treated rats. In contrast, G:C-->A:T transition, the major mutation in control rats where it made up 54% of all mutations, was reduced to 40% of mutations in riddelliine-treated rats. These results suggest that the relatively high mutagenicity of riddelliine in rat liver endothelial cells may be partially responsible for the tumorigenic specificity of this agent. JF - Cancer letters AU - Mei, Nan AU - Chou, Ming W AU - Fu, Peter P AU - Heflich, Robert H AU - Chen, Tao AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. nmei@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11/25/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 25 SP - 151 EP - 158 VL - 215 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids KW - riddelliine KW - 23246-96-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Organ Specificity KW - Animals, Genetically Modified KW - Mutation KW - Female KW - Endothelial Cells -- drug effects KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66987691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Differential+mutagenicity+of+riddelliine+in+liver+endothelial+and+parenchymal+cells+of+transgenic+big+blue+rats.&rft.au=Mei%2C+Nan%3BChou%2C+Ming+W%3BFu%2C+Peter+P%3BHeflich%2C+Robert+H%3BChen%2C+Tao&rft.aulast=Mei&rft.aufirst=Nan&rft.date=2004-11-25&rft.volume=215&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A role of ventral tegmental area glutamate in contextual cue-induced relapse to heroin seeking. AN - 67112103; 15564590 AB - The environmental context previously associated with opiate use plays an important role in human relapse, but the neuronal mechanisms involved in context-induced drug relapse are not known. Using a rat relapse model, we determined the effect of a group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist [LY379268 ((-)-2-oxa-4-aminobicylco hexane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid)] on contextual cue-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking. LY379268, which acts centrally to reduce evoked glutamate release, was injected systemically or directly into the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a brain area involved in opiate reward and conditioned drug effects. Rats were trained to self-administer intravenous heroin for 12 d; drug infusions were paired with a discrete tone-light cue. Subsequently, lever pressing was extinguished in the presence of the discrete cue in a context that differed from the drug self-administration context in terms of visual, auditory, tactile, and circadian cues. After extinction of lever responding, LY379268 was injected systemically or into the VTA, and nonreinforced responding was determined in the extinction context or the drug context. Exposure to the heroin-associated context induced robust reinstatement of drug seeking, and this effect was attenuated by systemic or intra-VTA injections of LY379268. Results indicate that glutamate transmission in the VTA plays an important role in contextual cue-induced relapse to heroin seeking. JF - The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience AU - Bossert, Jennifer M AU - Liu, Shirley Y AU - Lu, Lin AU - Shaham, Yavin AD - Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. Y1 - 2004/11/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 24 SP - 10726 EP - 10730 VL - 24 IS - 47 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic KW - LY 379268 KW - Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate KW - metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 KW - metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 KW - Glutamic Acid KW - 3KX376GY7L KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Extinction, Psychological KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Cues KW - Substantia Nigra -- physiology KW - Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate -- physiology KW - Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate -- agonists KW - Injections KW - Recurrence KW - Male KW - Amino Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic -- pharmacology KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic -- administration & dosage KW - Heroin Dependence -- physiopathology KW - Glutamic Acid -- physiology KW - Amino Acids -- pharmacology KW - Ventral Tegmental Area -- drug effects KW - Ventral Tegmental Area -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67112103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=A+role+of+ventral+tegmental+area+glutamate+in+contextual+cue-induced+relapse+to+heroin+seeking.&rft.au=Bossert%2C+Jennifer+M%3BLiu%2C+Shirley+Y%3BLu%2C+Lin%3BShaham%2C+Yavin&rft.aulast=Bossert&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2004-11-24&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=47&rft.spage=10726&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Neuroscience&rft.issn=1529-2401&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-05 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical devices; clinical chemistry and clinical toxicology devices; classification of newborn screening test systems for amino acids, free carnitine, and acylcarnitines using tandem mass spectrometry. Final rule. AN - 67101405; 15562554 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying newborn screening test systems for amino acids, free carnitine, and acylcarnitines using tandem mass spectrometry into class II (special controls). The special control that will apply to the device is the guidance document entitled "Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Newborn Screening Test Systems for Amino Acids, Free Carnitine, and Acylcarnitines Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry." The agency is taking this action in response to a petition submitted under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) as amended by the Medical Device Amendments of 1976, the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990, the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997, and the Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act of 2002. The agency is classifying the device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is publishing a notice of availability of a guidance document that is the special control for this device. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2004/11/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 24 SP - 68254 EP - 68255 VL - 69 IS - 226 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Carnitine KW - S7UI8SM58A KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Equipment Safety -- classification KW - Equipment Design -- classification KW - Carnitine -- blood KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Metabolism, Inborn Errors -- blood KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Carnitine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Amino Acids -- blood KW - Chemistry, Clinical -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Mass Spectrometry -- instrumentation KW - Mass Spectrometry -- classification KW - Neonatal Screening -- classification KW - Toxicology -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Chemistry, Clinical -- instrumentation KW - Toxicology -- instrumentation KW - Toxicology -- classification KW - Neonatal Screening -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Neonatal Screening -- instrumentation KW - Chemistry, Clinical -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67101405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Medical+devices%3B+clinical+chemistry+and+clinical+toxicology+devices%3B+classification+of+newborn+screening+test+systems+for+amino+acids%2C+free+carnitine%2C+and+acylcarnitines+using+tandem+mass+spectrometry.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2004-11-24&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=226&rft.spage=68254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Novel methods: Detection of peanut allergen proteins in food matrices by LC/MS AN - 39921833; 3891257 AU - Musser, S M Y1 - 2004/11/19/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39921833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Novel+methods%3A+Detection+of+peanut+allergen+proteins+in+food+matrices+by+LC%2FMS&rft.au=Musser%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Musser&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Amer. Assn. of Cereal Chemists, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, Minnesota 55121-2097, USA; phone: (651) 454-7250; fax: (651) 454-0766; email: aacc@scisoc.org; URL: www.aaccnet.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - On-resin urea cyclization of diamines using triphosgene AN - 39873919; 3891321 AU - Hurevich, M AU - Barda, Y AU - Gilon, C Y1 - 2004/11/19/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39873919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=On-resin+urea+cyclization+of+diamines+using+triphosgene&rft.au=Hurevich%2C+M%3BBarda%2C+Y%3BGilon%2C+C&rft.aulast=Hurevich&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kenes International, 17 rue de Cendrier, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland; URL: www.kenes.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Metal backbone cyclization: Novel 99MTC labeled GNRH analog as potential spect molecular imaging agent in cancer AN - 39833179; 3890963 AU - Barda, Y AU - Cohen, N AU - Lev, V AU - Ben-Aroya, N AU - Koch, Y AU - Mishani, E AU - Fridkin, M AU - Gilon, C Y1 - 2004/11/19/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39833179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Metal+backbone+cyclization%3A+Novel+99MTC+labeled+GNRH+analog+as+potential+spect+molecular+imaging+agent+in+cancer&rft.au=Barda%2C+Y%3BCohen%2C+N%3BLev%2C+V%3BBen-Aroya%2C+N%3BKoch%2C+Y%3BMishani%2C+E%3BFridkin%2C+M%3BGilon%2C+C&rft.aulast=Barda&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kenes International, 17 rue de Cendrier, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland; URL: www.kenes.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of multiclass methods for drug residues in eggs: silica SPE cleanup and LC-MS/MS analysis of ionophore and macrolide residues. AN - 67062305; 15537285 AB - A method was developed that is suitable for screening eggs for a variety of nonpolar residues in a single procedure. Residues are extracted by silica solid-phase extraction (SPE). Analysis is conducted via reverse-phase gradient liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization, and tandem ion trap mass spectrometry. For screening purposes (based on a single precursor-product ion transition) the method can detect ionophore (lasalocid, monensin, salinomycin, narasin) and macrolide (erythromycin, tylosin) residues in egg at approximately 1 ng/mL (ppb) and above and novobiocin residues at approximately 3 ppb and above. Conditions are described for confirmatory analysis based on multiple ions in the product ion spectrum. The extraction efficiency for ionophores was estimated at 60-85%, depending on drug. Recovery of macrolides and novobiocin was not as good (estimated at 40-55% after a hexane wash of the final extract was included), but the method consistently screened and confirmed these residues at concentrations below the target of 10 ppb. The method was applied to eggs from hens dosed with each drug individually. Lasalocid was found to have the highest probability of detection in eggs based on its high ionization efficiency and higher rate of deposition relative to the other drugs. The method is part of a larger scheme to provide surveillance methods for a wide variety of drug residues in eggs. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Heller, David N AU - Nochetto, Cristina B AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. dheller@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11/17/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 17 SP - 6848 EP - 6856 VL - 52 IS - 23 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Ionophores KW - 0 KW - Macrolides KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Macrolides -- analysis KW - Ionophores -- analysis KW - Eggs -- analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67062305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Development+of+multiclass+methods+for+drug+residues+in+eggs%3A+silica+SPE+cleanup+and+LC-MS%2FMS+analysis+of+ionophore+and+macrolide+residues.&rft.au=Heller%2C+David+N%3BNochetto%2C+Cristina+B&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-11-17&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=6848&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-20 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol use disorders and mood disorders: a National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism perspective. AN - 67093184; 15556112 JF - Biological psychiatry AU - Li, Ting-Kai AU - Hewitt, Brenda G AU - Grant, Bridget F AD - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 2000, Bethesda, MD 20892-9304, USA. Y1 - 2004/11/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 15 SP - 718 EP - 720 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 0006-3223, 0006-3223 KW - Index Medicus KW - Models, Psychological KW - Humans KW - National Institutes of Health (U.S.) KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Research KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Research Design KW - Comorbidity KW - Risk Assessment KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Mood Disorders -- complications KW - Mood Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Alcoholism -- genetics KW - Alcoholism -- complications KW - Mood Disorders -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67093184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+psychiatry&rft.atitle=Alcohol+use+disorders+and+mood+disorders%3A+a+National+Institute+on+Alcohol+Abuse+and+Alcoholism+perspective.&rft.au=Li%2C+Ting-Kai%3BHewitt%2C+Brenda+G%3BGrant%2C+Bridget+F&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Ting-Kai&rft.date=2004-11-15&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=718&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+psychiatry&rft.issn=00063223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Co-occurring disorders and achieving recovery: the substance abuse and mental health services administration perspective. AN - 67091961; 15556113 JF - Biological psychiatry AU - Power, Kathryn AU - Demartino, Robert AD - Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 15-105, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 2004/11/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 15 SP - 721 EP - 722 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 0006-3223, 0006-3223 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Government Agencies KW - Research KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Comorbidity KW - Mental Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Mental Disorders -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67091961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+psychiatry&rft.atitle=Co-occurring+disorders+and+achieving+recovery%3A+the+substance+abuse+and+mental+health+services+administration+perspective.&rft.au=Power%2C+Kathryn%3BDemartino%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Power&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft.date=2004-11-15&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=721&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+psychiatry&rft.issn=00063223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION HEADQUARTERS CONSOLIDATION, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND (DRAFT SUPPLEMENT TO THE FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF April 1997). [Part 1 of 1] T2 - U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION HEADQUARTERS CONSOLIDATION, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND (DRAFT SUPPLEMENT TO THE FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF April 1997). AN - 36365915; 11243-040522_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The consolidation of the headquarters facilities of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Office of the Commissioner, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research to a state-of-the-art facility on one location in Silver Spring, Montgomery County, Maryland is proposed. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, were considered in the final EIS of April 1997. Under the preferred alternative, the headquarters would be consolidated to a facility at the Federal Research Center (FRC) at White Oak. This facility would include a compact layout, utilizing medium-rise buildings clustered on approximately 130 acres. A 40-acre remote parking lot and a new access road to Cherry Hill Road would be constructed. The other action alternative would involve the reuse of the existing White Oak facilities. Since the Final EIS, changes in the FDA's program have occurred, resulting in some changes to the master plan for the headquarters; these are addressed in this draft supplement to the final EIS. Changes include the construction of a new eastern access road to and through the FRC; construction of a new bridge over Paint Branch; construction of facilities identified as future expansion in the 2002 Revised FDA master plan to accommodate the increase of employees from 5,947 to 7,720; and modification of the placement of a day care center from the front to the rear of the FDA campus. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The action proposed in the final EIS would provide a consolidated facility for the FDA. The consolidation would improve administrative and operational efficiency and facilitate communication and interaction among staff. The state-of-the-art laboratories and buildings would provide flexibility for the FDA to quickly and economically respond to changing priorities and programs and advances in science and technology through modular planning and systems flexibility. The new facilities would improve safety and reduce potential hazards through careful design of the laboratories, animal rooms, offices, and support spaces, including adequate processing and storage areas for wastes. The new facilities would also improve energy efficiency through heat recovery strategies, central power plant efficiencies, site placement and landscaping, and an efficient building envelope, form, and operation. A quality workplaceenvironment would also improve FDA's opportunities to recruit and retain high quality employees. The actions proposed in this supplemental EIS would alleviate traffic on New Hampshire Avenue; replace the deteriorating Dahlgren Road bridge over Paint Branch; provide facilities for the new and expanded programs that are part of FDA's mission, and offer added security for the day care centers. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The action proposed in the final EIS would involve the demolition of all existing buildings within the 130-acre development area. Construction on steep slopes and highly erodable soils produces the potential for soil erosion at rates greater than that which would occur under natural conditions. The erosion of soils on steep slopes could lead to sedimentation in on-site streams. The cumulative adverse impacts to water resources on the White Oak site would include increased levels of sedimentation, pollutants, and thermal loading in streams on and around the site. Up to 25 acres of forest land would be cleared for construction. The use of pesticides and fertilizers to maintain lawns and landscaping on the site could adversely affect groundwater quality. There would be some cumulative adverse impacts to wetlands on the White Oak site due to on- and off-site development. Increases in flooding, erosion, and sediment loads would be anticipated to adversely affect existing wetlands. Development around the site would increase the amounts of airborne pollutants that are harmful to vegetation. Sulfur dioxide (resulting from burning fossil fuels for energy or heating) and ozone (resulting from a combination of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen with unburned hydrocarbons from automobile exhausts) could cause dieback and general decline in vegetated areas. On-site habitats could be adversely affected by these pollutants. Asbestos has been identified in many of the buildings which would be designated for demolition or renovation with the proposed project area. Under the actions proposed in this supplemental EIS, traffic patterns in the vicinity of the FDC would deteriorate in some areas. Construction activities would occur in the Paint Branch and West Farm Branch streambeds and would require demolition of historically significant structures. LEGAL MANDATES: National Capital Planning Act of 1952 (40 U.S.C. 71d(a)) and National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the draft and final EISs, see 96-0183D, Volume 20, Number 2 and 97-0143F, Volume 21, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 040522, 267 pages and maps, November 5, 2004 PY - 2004 VL - 1 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Buildings KW - Employment KW - Forests KW - Health Hazards KW - Section 106 Statements KW - Land Use KW - Parking KW - Public Health KW - Research Facilities KW - Maryland KW - National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, Historic Sites KW - National Capital Planning Act of 1952, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36365915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-11-05&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=U.S.+FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+HEADQUARTERS+CONSOLIDATION%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+FINAL+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+April+1997%29.&rft.title=U.S.+FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+HEADQUARTERS+CONSOLIDATION%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+FINAL+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+April+1997%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - General Services Administration, Washington, District of Columbia; GSA N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 5, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION HEADQUARTERS CONSOLIDATION, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND (DRAFT SUPPLEMENT TO THE FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF April 1997). AN - 16359075; 11243 AB - PURPOSE: The consolidation of the headquarters facilities of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Office of the Commissioner, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research to a state-of-the-art facility on one location in Silver Spring, Montgomery County, Maryland is proposed. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, were considered in the final EIS of April 1997. Under the preferred alternative, the headquarters would be consolidated to a facility at the Federal Research Center (FRC) at White Oak. This facility would include a compact layout, utilizing medium-rise buildings clustered on approximately 130 acres. A 40-acre remote parking lot and a new access road to Cherry Hill Road would be constructed. The other action alternative would involve the reuse of the existing White Oak facilities. Since the Final EIS, changes in the FDA's program have occurred, resulting in some changes to the master plan for the headquarters; these are addressed in this draft supplement to the final EIS. Changes include the construction of a new eastern access road to and through the FRC; construction of a new bridge over Paint Branch; construction of facilities identified as future expansion in the 2002 Revised FDA master plan to accommodate the increase of employees from 5,947 to 7,720; and modification of the placement of a day care center from the front to the rear of the FDA campus. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The action proposed in the final EIS would provide a consolidated facility for the FDA. The consolidation would improve administrative and operational efficiency and facilitate communication and interaction among staff. The state-of-the-art laboratories and buildings would provide flexibility for the FDA to quickly and economically respond to changing priorities and programs and advances in science and technology through modular planning and systems flexibility. The new facilities would improve safety and reduce potential hazards through careful design of the laboratories, animal rooms, offices, and support spaces, including adequate processing and storage areas for wastes. The new facilities would also improve energy efficiency through heat recovery strategies, central power plant efficiencies, site placement and landscaping, and an efficient building envelope, form, and operation. A quality workplaceenvironment would also improve FDA's opportunities to recruit and retain high quality employees. The actions proposed in this supplemental EIS would alleviate traffic on New Hampshire Avenue; replace the deteriorating Dahlgren Road bridge over Paint Branch; provide facilities for the new and expanded programs that are part of FDA's mission, and offer added security for the day care centers. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The action proposed in the final EIS would involve the demolition of all existing buildings within the 130-acre development area. Construction on steep slopes and highly erodable soils produces the potential for soil erosion at rates greater than that which would occur under natural conditions. The erosion of soils on steep slopes could lead to sedimentation in on-site streams. The cumulative adverse impacts to water resources on the White Oak site would include increased levels of sedimentation, pollutants, and thermal loading in streams on and around the site. Up to 25 acres of forest land would be cleared for construction. The use of pesticides and fertilizers to maintain lawns and landscaping on the site could adversely affect groundwater quality. There would be some cumulative adverse impacts to wetlands on the White Oak site due to on- and off-site development. Increases in flooding, erosion, and sediment loads would be anticipated to adversely affect existing wetlands. Development around the site would increase the amounts of airborne pollutants that are harmful to vegetation. Sulfur dioxide (resulting from burning fossil fuels for energy or heating) and ozone (resulting from a combination of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen with unburned hydrocarbons from automobile exhausts) could cause dieback and general decline in vegetated areas. On-site habitats could be adversely affected by these pollutants. Asbestos has been identified in many of the buildings which would be designated for demolition or renovation with the proposed project area. Under the actions proposed in this supplemental EIS, traffic patterns in the vicinity of the FDC would deteriorate in some areas. Construction activities would occur in the Paint Branch and West Farm Branch streambeds and would require demolition of historically significant structures. LEGAL MANDATES: National Capital Planning Act of 1952 (40 U.S.C. 71d(a)) and National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the draft and final EISs, see 96-0183D, Volume 20, Number 2 and 97-0143F, Volume 21, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 040522, 267 pages and maps, November 5, 2004 PY - 2004 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Buildings KW - Employment KW - Forests KW - Health Hazards KW - Section 106 Statements KW - Land Use KW - Parking KW - Public Health KW - Research Facilities KW - Maryland KW - National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, Historic Sites KW - National Capital Planning Act of 1952, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16359075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-11-05&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=U.S.+FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+HEADQUARTERS+CONSOLIDATION%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+FINAL+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+April+1997%29.&rft.title=U.S.+FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+HEADQUARTERS+CONSOLIDATION%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+FINAL+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+April+1997%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - General Services Administration, Washington, District of Columbia; GSA N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 5, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression, purification, and biochemical characterization of the antiinflammatory tristetraprolin: a zinc-dependent mRNA binding protein affected by posttranslational modifications. AN - 67004324; 15504035 AB - Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a hyperphosphorylated protein that destabilizes mRNA by binding to an AU-rich element (ARE). Mice deficient in TTP develop a severe inflammatory syndrome. The biochemical properties of TTP have not been adequately characterized, due to the difficulties in protein purification and lack of a high-titer antiserum. Full-length human TTP was expressed in human HEK293 cells and purified to at least 70% homogeneity. The purified protein was free of endogenous ARE binding activity, and was used for investigating its size, zinc dependency, and binding kinetics for tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA ARE. A high-titer rabbit antiserum was raised against the MBP-hTTP fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli. Cellular localization studies of the transfected cells indicated that approximately 80% of the expressed TTP was in the cytosol, with 20% in the nuclei. TTP from both locations bound to the ARE and formed similar complexes. The purified TTP was shown to be intact by N-terminal His-tag purification, C-terminal peptide sequencing, and mass spectrometry analysis. Results from size exclusion chromatography are consistent with the predominant form of active TTP being a tetramer. TTP's ARE binding activity was increased by 10 microM Zn(2+). The half-maximal binding of TTP from HEK293 cells was approximately 30 nM in assays containing 10 nM ARE. This value was about twice that of TTP from E. coli. TTP from HEK293 cells was highly phosphorylated, and its electrophoretic mobility was increased by alkaline phosphatase treatment and somewhat by T271A mutation, but not by PNGase F or S186A mutation. The gel mobility of TTP from E. coli was decreased by in vitro phosphorylation with p42/ERK2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. These results suggest that TTP's zinc-dependent ARE binding affinity is reduced by half by posttranslational modifications, mainly by phosphorylation but not by glycosylation, in mammalian cells. The results support a model in which each subunit of the TTP tetramer binds to one of the five overlapping UUAUUUAUU sequences of the ARE, resulting in a stable TTP-ARE complex. JF - Biochemistry AU - Cao, Heping AD - Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. cao2@niehs.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/11/02/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 02 SP - 13724 EP - 13738 VL - 43 IS - 43 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Immediate-Early Proteins KW - Immune Sera KW - Inflammation Mediators KW - Maltose-Binding Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - RNA-Binding Proteins KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Tristetraprolin KW - ZFP36 protein, human KW - Zfp36 protein, mouse KW - Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate KW - 368GB5141J KW - Edetic Acid KW - 9G34HU7RV0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Carrier Proteins -- chemistry KW - Carrier Proteins -- immunology KW - Humans KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Molecular Weight KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- chemistry KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Phosphorylation KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- genetics KW - Edetic Acid -- chemistry KW - Immune Sera -- chemistry KW - Immune Sera -- biosynthesis KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- immunology KW - Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate -- chemistry KW - Mice KW - Plasmids KW - Carrier Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - Transfection KW - Kinetics KW - Protein Binding -- genetics KW - Cell Line KW - Inflammation Mediators -- isolation & purification KW - RNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - RNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- chemistry KW - Immediate-Early Proteins -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Inflammation Mediators -- immunology KW - Immediate-Early Proteins -- chemistry KW - RNA-Binding Proteins -- chemistry KW - RNA-Binding Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Immediate-Early Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Inflammation Mediators -- metabolism KW - Immediate-Early Proteins -- genetics KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational -- genetics KW - Zinc Fingers -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Inflammation Mediators -- chemistry KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67004324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Expression%2C+purification%2C+and+biochemical+characterization+of+the+antiinflammatory+tristetraprolin%3A+a+zinc-dependent+mRNA+binding+protein+affected+by+posttranslational+modifications.&rft.au=Cao%2C+Heping&rft.aulast=Cao&rft.aufirst=Heping&rft.date=2004-11-02&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=13724&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - 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Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vocabulary competence in first- and secondborn siblings of the same chronological age. AN - 85375216; pmid-15658749 AB - We explored vocabulary competence in 55 firstborn and secondborn sibling pairs when each child reached 1;8 using multiple measures of maternal report, child speech, and experimenter assessment. Measures from each of the three sources were interrelated. Firstborns' vocabulary competence exceeded secondborns' only in maternal reports, not in child speech or in experimenter assessments. Firstborn girls outperformed boys on all vocabulary competence measures, and secondborn girls outperformed boys on most measures. Vocabulary competence was independent of the gender composition and, generally, of the age difference in sibling pairs. Vocabulary competence in firstborns and secondborns was only weakly related. JF - Journal of child language AU - Bornstein, Marc H AU - Leach, Diane B AU - Haynes, O Maurice AD - Child and Family Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-7971, USA. Marc_H_Bornstein@nih.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 855 EP - 873 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0305-0009, 0305-0009 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - *Birth Order KW - *Child Language KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Judgment KW - *Language Development KW - Male KW - Mothers: psychology KW - Sex Factors KW - *Siblings: psychology KW - *Vocabulary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85375216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+child+language&rft.atitle=Vocabulary+competence+in+first-+and+secondborn+siblings+of+the+same+chronological+age.&rft.au=Bornstein%2C+Marc+H%3BLeach%2C+Diane+B%3BHaynes%2C+O+Maurice&rft.aulast=Bornstein&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=855&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+child+language&rft.issn=03050009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Power injectors put i.v. lines under pressure. AN - 67242123; 15686310 JF - Nursing AU - Eakle, Melissa AU - Lange, Susan AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 29 VL - 34 IS - 11 SN - 0360-4039, 0360-4039 KW - Contrast Media KW - 0 KW - Nursing KW - Humans KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed KW - Contrast Media -- administration & dosage KW - Equipment Failure KW - Pressure KW - Infusions, Intravenous -- nursing KW - Injections, Intravenous -- methods KW - Injections, Intravenous -- nursing KW - Injections, Intravenous -- adverse effects KW - Infusions, Intravenous -- adverse effects KW - Infusions, Intravenous -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67242123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nursing&rft.atitle=Power+injectors+put+i.v.+lines+under+pressure.&rft.au=Eakle%2C+Melissa%3BLange%2C+Susan&rft.aulast=Eakle&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nursing&rft.issn=03604039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tardive dyskinesia risks and metoclopramide use before and after U.S. market withdrawal of cisapride. AN - 67227822; 15637848 AB - To assess risk factors for tardive dyskinesia (TD) in spontaneous reports of metoclopramide and TD and evaluate metoclopramide prescribing patterns before and after withdrawal of cisapride from the market in the United States. Retrospective and observational analyses. International metoclopramide adverse event reports and domestic drug-use data for the continental United States. Users of metoclopramide for 30 days or more who experienced adverse events reported as TD. Analyses of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) and IMS HEALTH data. Pharmacoepidemiological patterns in AERS reports and utilization data from IMS HEALTH. The case series comprised 87 reports of primarily older (mean+/-SD, 60+/-22 years ) women (67% of all cases). While average metoclopramide daily dose (33+/-14 mg) was within recommended product labeling limits, duration of use was considerably longer (753+/-951 days). Overall, 37% of the reports included concomitant drugs believed to be TD risk factors. Similarly, 18% of the reports noted comorbid diseases that are considered risk factors for development of TD. Metoclopramide utilization decreased following cisapride marketing in 1993 and increased following cisapride withdrawal in 2000. The majority (62%) of metoclopramide prescriptions were intended for women. Intended use overall increased with age and was highest in the seventh and eighth decades, with nearly one quarter of all utilization being in persons older than 70 years. Well-described TD risk factors were common in metoclopramide-associated TD reports. Given the cisapride market withdrawal and associated increased metoclopramide utilization, the incidence of TD may increase accordingly. TD risk factors relative to the intended benefit and duration of use should be considered in metoclopramide prescribing. JF - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA AU - Shaffer, Douglas AU - Butterfield, Marian AU - Pamer, Carol AU - Mackey, Ann Corken AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. PY - 2004 SP - 661 EP - 665 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 1544-3191, 1544-3191 KW - Metoclopramide KW - L4YEB44I46 KW - Cisapride KW - UVL329170W KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Drug Utilization KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Cisapride -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Cisapride -- administration & dosage KW - Metoclopramide -- administration & dosage KW - Akathisia, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Metoclopramide -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67227822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmacists+Association+%3A+JAPhA&rft.atitle=Tardive+dyskinesia+risks+and+metoclopramide+use+before+and+after+U.S.+market+withdrawal+of+cisapride.&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+Douglas%3BButterfield%2C+Marian%3BPamer%2C+Carol%3BMackey%2C+Ann+Corken&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmacists+Association+%3A+JAPhA&rft.issn=15443191&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-04 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2005 Jul-Aug;45(4):420 [16128491] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictors of treatment receipt among adults with a drug use disorder. AN - 67209083; 15624552 AB - This study used data from the 2000 and 2001 National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse to examine factors that contribute to the receipt of specialty substance abuse treatment, which is defined as treatment in rehabilitation facilities, hospitals, or mental health centers designed to help stop or reduce drug use. The population examined was a nationally representative sample of 3291 adults aged 18 or older with a drug use disorder in the past 12 months. Data were collected by computer-assisted interviews using a combination of computer-assisted personal interviews conducted by the interviewer and audio computer-assisted self-interviewing guided by the computer and respondent. Using descriptive analyses and multivariate logistic regression models, this study compared sociodemographic, substance abuse, and psychosocial characteristics of those receiving treatment with those not receiving treatment; it also examined the factors that influenced treatment receipt while controlling for potential confounders. Characteristics significantly contributing to treatment receipt among adults with a drug use disorder included the following: a woman without social support; a high school graduate with no college education; those receiving insurance through Medicaid or a state Children's Health Insurance Program; those on probation, parole, or supervised release in the past year; a daily smoker of cigarettes; those meeting at least three criteria for drug dependence; those having past year dependence on or abuse of alcohol; and those receiving any mental health treatment or counseling in the past year. Adults associated with the criminal justice system had a different pattern of treatment predictors from those who were not involved with the criminal justice system. JF - The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse AU - Epstein, Joan F AU - Hourani, Laurel L AU - Heller, David C AD - Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 841 EP - 869 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0095-2990, 0095-2990 KW - Street Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Probability KW - Computers KW - Humans KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Interview, Psychological KW - Logistic Models KW - Smoking Cessation KW - Adult KW - Health Surveys KW - Mathematical Computing KW - Crime -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent KW - Crime -- psychology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Resource Allocation -- statistics & numerical data KW - Referral and Consultation -- statistics & numerical data KW - Alcoholism -- rehabilitation KW - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers -- statistics & numerical data KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Health Services Accessibility -- statistics & numerical data KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67209083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+drug+and+alcohol+abuse&rft.atitle=Predictors+of+treatment+receipt+among+adults+with+a+drug+use+disorder.&rft.au=Epstein%2C+Joan+F%3BHourani%2C+Laurel+L%3BHeller%2C+David+C&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+drug+and+alcohol+abuse&rft.issn=00952990&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human health impact from antimicrobial use in food animals. AN - 67198020; 15620055 AB - There is accumulating evidence that the use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals has adverse human health consequences. The use of antibiotics in food animals selects for resistant pathogens and resistance genes that may be transferred to humans through the consumption or handling of foods of animal origin. Recent studies have demonstrated that antimicrobial-resistance among foodborne bacteria may cause excess cases of illness, prolonged duration of illness, and increased rates of bacteremia, hospitalization, and death. The continued availability of safe and effective antimicrobials for humans and animals depends upon the responsible use of these products. JF - Medecine et maladies infectieuses AU - Tollefson, Linda AU - Karp, Beth E AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, 7519 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. ltollefs@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 514 EP - 521 VL - 34 IS - 11 SN - 0399-077X, 0399-077X KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Bacterial Infections -- transmission KW - Animal Feed KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67198020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medecine+et+maladies+infectieuses&rft.atitle=Human+health+impact+from+antimicrobial+use+in+food+animals.&rft.au=Tollefson%2C+Linda%3BKarp%2C+Beth+E&rft.aulast=Tollefson&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=514&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medecine+et+maladies+infectieuses&rft.issn=0399077X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Med Mal Infect. 2005 Feb;35(2):105-6 [15780903] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) on rodent reservoirs of Borrelia burgdorferi in a residential community of southeastern Connecticut. AN - 67186344; 15605643 AB - A 3-yr community-based study was conducted on residential properties on Mason's Island, Mystic, CT, to determine the efficacy of a rodent-targeted acaricide (fipronil) to control immature Ixodes scapularis (Say) on Peromyscus leucopus. Results indicated that modified commercial bait boxes were effective as an acaricide delivery method for reducing nymphal and larval tick infestations on white-footed mice by 68 and 84%, respectively. Passive application of fipronil significantly reduced the infection rate of Borrelia burgdorferi among white-footed mice by 53%. Moreover, the abundance of questing I. scapularis adults on treated properties was reduced by 77% and fewer were infected with spirochetes (31%) compared with untreated sites (47%) after 3 yr of treatment. Likewise, the abundance of host-seeking nymphs was significantly reduced on treated properties by >50%. Finally, infection rates in flagged nymphal ticks for both B. burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were reduced by 67 and 64%, respectively, after only 2 yr of treatment. Results from this 3-yr trial indicate that the use of fipronil passively applied to reservoir animals by bait boxes is an environmentally acceptable means to control ticks, interrupt the natural disease transmission cycle, and reduce the risk of Lyme disease for residents of treated properties. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Dolan, Marc C AU - Maupin, Gary O AU - Schneider, Bradley S AU - Denatale, Christopher AU - Hamon, Nick AU - Cole, Chuck AU - Zeidner, Nordin S AU - Stafford, Kirby C AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 1043 EP - 1054 VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrazoles KW - fipronil KW - QGH063955F KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Mice -- parasitology KW - Disease Reservoirs KW - Tick Control KW - Connecticut KW - Ixodes -- growth & development KW - Rodentia -- parasitology KW - Ixodes -- microbiology KW - Borrelia burgdorferi -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67186344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Control+of+immature+Ixodes+scapularis+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+on+rodent+reservoirs+of+Borrelia+burgdorferi+in+a+residential+community+of+southeastern+Connecticut.&rft.au=Dolan%2C+Marc+C%3BMaupin%2C+Gary+O%3BSchneider%2C+Bradley+S%3BDenatale%2C+Christopher%3BHamon%2C+Nick%3BCole%2C+Chuck%3BZeidner%2C+Nordin+S%3BStafford%2C+Kirby+C&rft.aulast=Dolan&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1043&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using decision forest to classify prostate cancer samples on the basis of SELDI-TOF MS data: assessing chance correlation and prediction confidence. AN - 67176852; 15598613 AB - Class prediction using "omics" data is playing an increasing role in toxicogenomics, diagnosis/prognosis, and risk assessment. These data are usually noisy and represented by relatively few samples and a very large number of predictor variables (e.g., genes of DNA microarray data or m/z peaks of mass spectrometry data). These characteristics manifest the importance of assessing potential random correlation and overfitting of noise for a classification model based on omics data. We present a novel classification method, decision forest (DF), for class prediction using omics data. DF combines the results of multiple heterogeneous but comparable decision tree (DT) models to produce a consensus prediction. The method is less prone to overfitting of noise and chance correlation. A DF model was developed to predict presence of prostate cancer using a proteomic data set generated from surface-enhanced laser deposition/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). The degree of chance correlation and prediction confidence of the model was rigorously assessed by extensive cross-validation and randomization testing. Comparison of model prediction with imposed random correlation demonstrated biologic relevance of the model and the reduction of overfitting in DF. Furthermore, two confidence levels (high and low confidences) were assigned to each prediction, where most misclassifications were associated with the low-confidence region. For the high-confidence prediction, the model achieved 99.2% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity. The model also identified a list of significant peaks that could be useful for biomarker identification. DF should be equally applicable to other omics data such as gene expression data or metabolomic data. The DF algorithm is available upon request. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Tong, Weida AU - Xie, Qian AU - Hong, Huixiao AU - Shi, Leming AU - Fang, Hong AU - Perkins, Roger AU - Petricoin, Emanuel F AD - Center for Toxicoinformatics, Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, HFT020, Jefferson, AK 72079, USA. wtong@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 1622 EP - 1627 VL - 112 IS - 16 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Humans KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Male KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization -- methods KW - Decision Support Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67176852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Using+decision+forest+to+classify+prostate+cancer+samples+on+the+basis+of+SELDI-TOF+MS+data%3A+assessing+chance+correlation+and+prediction+confidence.&rft.au=Tong%2C+Weida%3BXie%2C+Qian%3BHong%2C+Huixiao%3BShi%2C+Leming%3BFang%2C+Hong%3BPerkins%2C+Roger%3BPetricoin%2C+Emanuel+F&rft.aulast=Tong&rft.aufirst=Weida&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1622&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jan 4;97(1):262-7 [10618406] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 1;100(7):4168-72 [12642676] Nat Med. 2001 Jun;7(6):673-9 [11385503] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jun 5;98(12):6730-5 [11381113] Lancet. 2002 Feb 16;359(9306):572-7 [11867112] Bioinformatics. 2002 Mar;18(3):395-404 [11934738] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 14;99(10):6562-6 [11983868] Cancer Res. 2002 Jul 1;62(13):3609-14 [12097261] Bioinformatics. 2002 Jul;18(7):961-70 [12117794] Clin Chem. 2002 Oct;48(10):1835-43 [12324514] J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002 Oct 16;94(20):1576-8 [12381711] Nat Genet. 2002 Dec;32 Suppl:502-8 [12454645] J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Jan 1;95(1):14-8 [12509396] J Chem Inf Comput Sci. 2003 Mar-Apr;43(2):525-31 [12653517] Clin Chem. 2003 Aug;49(8):1272-5 [12881441] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Aug 5;100(16):9608-13 [12869696] Environ Toxicol Chem. 2003 Aug;22(8):1680-95 [12924570] J Comput Biol. 2000;7(3-4):559-83 [11108479] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lubberts effect in columnar phosphors. AN - 67169332; 15587665 AB - Noise transfer in granular x-ray imaging phosphor screens is not proportional to the square of the magnitude of the signal transfer when the transfer properties are considered for the entire screen thickness, unless appropriately weighted at each depth of interaction. This property, known as the Lubberts effect, has not yet been studied in columnar structured screens because of a lack of a generalized description of the depth-dependent light transport. In this paper, we investigate the signal and noise transfer characteristics of columnar phosphors used in digital mammography detectors using DETECT-II, an optical Monte Carlo light transport simulation code. We first validate our choice of optical parameters for the description of granular and columnar screens using published normalized modulation transfer (MTF) experimental data. Our calculations of MTF match empirically measured MTFs for a granular film/screen analog system, and for an indirect x-ray digital imaging system with CsI:Tl screen representative of digital mammography systems. Using the depth-dependent spread functions and collection efficiencies, we calculate the signal and noise transfer functions and the Lubberts fraction, which is the ratio of the signal transfer function to the noise transfer function, for different screen thicknesses of granular and columnar phosphors. We find that the Lubberts fraction of a 85 microm granular screen model corresponding to a Gd2O2S:Tb screen is similar to the fraction for a 100 microm columnar CsI:Tl screen. JF - Medical physics AU - Badano, Aldo AU - Gagne, Robert M AU - Gallas, Brandon D AU - Jennings, Robert J AU - Boswell, Jonathan S AU - Myers, Kyle J AD - Laboratory for the Assessment of Medical Imaging Systems, Center for Devices and Radiological Health (FDA) and National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIH), Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. aldo.badano@fda.hhs.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 3122 EP - 3131 VL - 31 IS - 11 SN - 0094-2405, 0094-2405 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Computer Simulation KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Radiometry -- instrumentation KW - Equipment Failure Analysis -- methods KW - X-Ray Intensifying Screens KW - Radiographic Image Enhancement -- instrumentation KW - Phosphorus -- radiation effects KW - Radiographic Image Enhancement -- methods KW - Radiometry -- methods KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67169332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+physics&rft.atitle=Lubberts+effect+in+columnar+phosphors.&rft.au=Badano%2C+Aldo%3BGagne%2C+Robert+M%3BGallas%2C+Brandon+D%3BJennings%2C+Robert+J%3BBoswell%2C+Jonathan+S%3BMyers%2C+Kyle+J&rft.aulast=Badano&rft.aufirst=Aldo&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+physics&rft.issn=00942405&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-16 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scientific and regulatory issues related to indoor tanning. AN - 67041205; 15523359 JF - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology AU - Lim, Henry W AU - Cyr, W Howard AU - DeFabo, Edward AU - Robinson, June AU - Weinstock, Martin A AU - Beer, Janusz Z AU - Miller, Sharon A AU - Halpern, Allan C AU - DeLeo, Vincent A AU - Rigel, Darrell AU - Spencer, James M AU - American Academy of Dermatology Association AU - American Society for Photobiology AU - US Food and Drug Administration AD - Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA. ; American Academy of Dermatology Association ; American Society for Photobiology ; US Food and Drug Administration Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 781 EP - 784 VL - 51 IS - 5 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Models, Animal KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- prevention & control KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Skin Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Sunburn -- prevention & control KW - Beauty Culture -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Sunburn -- etiology KW - Skin Pigmentation -- radiation effects KW - Ultraviolet Rays -- adverse effects KW - Sunburn -- complications KW - Beauty Culture -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67041205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.atitle=Peptides%3A+their+role+in+excess+alcohol+drinking+and+their+promise+as+a+therapeutic+tool.&rft.au=Egli%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Egli&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005 May;52(5):926; author reply 926-7 [15858501] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microarray method to monitor 40 intestinal bacterial species in the study of azo dye reduction. AN - 67033310; 15522584 AB - Azo dyes are widely used in dye manufacturing, paper printing, textile industries, and as tattoo pigmentation. Since intestinal and skin bacteria can metabolize certain azo dyes to carcinogenic compounds, many researchers have studied the azoreductases of these bacteria. In this study, we used a microarray method to identify the intestinal bacterial species from cultured fecal samples in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth with or without azo dyes that may be involved in azo dye reduction. The microarray was designed to identify 40 bacterial species that are reported in the literature to be predominant in human feces. Results from this study showed 26-30 species are present in the cultured fecal samples. The representative bacteria were then examined for the azo dye reduction activity. JF - Biosensors & bioelectronics AU - Wang, Rong-Fu AU - Chen, Huizhong AU - Paine, Donald D AU - Cerniglia, Carl E AD - Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. rwang@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 01 SP - 699 EP - 705 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0956-5663, 0956-5663 KW - Azo Compounds KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Humans KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial -- physiology KW - Coloring Agents -- metabolism KW - Species Specificity KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Bacteria -- genetics KW - Azo Compounds -- metabolism KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- methods KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteria -- classification KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Gene Expression Profiling -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67033310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biosensors+%26+bioelectronics&rft.atitle=Microarray+method+to+monitor+40+intestinal+bacterial+species+in+the+study+of+azo+dye+reduction.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Rong-Fu%3BChen%2C+Huizhong%3BPaine%2C+Donald+D%3BCerniglia%2C+Carl+E&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Rong-Fu&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biosensors+%26+bioelectronics&rft.issn=09565663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multipathogen oligonucleotide microarray for environmental and biodefense applications. AN - 67033289; 15522583 AB - Food-borne pathogens are a major health problem. The large and diverse number of microbial pathogens and their virulence factors has fueled interest in technologies capable of detecting multiple pathogens and multiple virulence factors simultaneously. Some of these pathogens and their toxins have potential use as bioweapons. DNA microarray technology allows the simultaneous analysis of thousands of sequences of DNA in a relatively short time, making it appropriate for biodefense and for public health uses. This paper describes methods for using DNA microarrays to detect and analyze microbial pathogens. The FDA-1 microarray was developed for the simultaneous detection of several food-borne pathogens and their virulence factors including Listeria spp., Campylobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes and Clostridium perfringens toxin genes. Three elements were incorporated to increase confidence in the microarray detection system: redundancy of genes, redundancy of oligonucleotide probes (oligoprobes) for a specific gene, and quality control oligoprobes to monitor array spotting and target DNA hybridization. These elements enhance the reliability of detection and reduce the chance of erroneous results due to the genetic variability of microbes or technical problems with the microarray. The results presented demonstrate the potential of oligonucleotide microarrays for detection of environmental and biodefense relevant microbial pathogens. JF - Biosensors & bioelectronics AU - Sergeev, Nikolay AU - Distler, Margaret AU - Courtney, Shannon AU - Al-Khaldi, Sufian F AU - Volokhov, Dmitriy AU - Chizhikov, Vladimir AU - Rasooly, Avraham AD - FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA. Y1 - 2004/11/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 01 SP - 684 EP - 698 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0956-5663, 0956-5663 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Equipment Design KW - Systems Integration KW - Food Microbiology KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Equipment Failure Analysis KW - Biological Warfare KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Bacteria -- genetics KW - Food Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- methods KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteria -- classification KW - Security Measures KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Bioterrorism KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67033289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biosensors+%26+bioelectronics&rft.atitle=Multipathogen+oligonucleotide+microarray+for+environmental+and+biodefense+applications.&rft.au=Sergeev%2C+Nikolay%3BDistler%2C+Margaret%3BCourtney%2C+Shannon%3BAl-Khaldi%2C+Sufian+F%3BVolokhov%2C+Dmitriy%3BChizhikov%2C+Vladimir%3BRasooly%2C+Avraham&rft.aulast=Sergeev&rft.aufirst=Nikolay&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=684&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biosensors+%26+bioelectronics&rft.issn=09565663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer risks among radiologists and radiologic technologists: review of epidemiologic studies. AN - 67031194; 15375227 AB - Radiologists and radiologic technologists were among the earliest occupational groups exposed to ionizing radiation and represent a large segment of the working population exposed to radiation from human-made sources. The authors reviewed epidemiologic data on cancer risks from eight cohorts of over 270,000 radiologists and technologists in various countries. The most consistent finding was increased mortality due to leukemia among early workers employed before 1950, when radiation exposures were high. This, together with an increasing risk of leukemia with increasing duration of work in the early years, provided evidence of an excess risk of leukemia associated with occupational radiation exposure in that period. While findings on several types of solid cancers were less consistent, several studies provided evidence of a radiation effect for breast cancer and skin cancer. To date, there is no clear evidence of an increased cancer risk in medical radiation workers exposed to current levels of radiation doses. However, given a relatively short period of time for which the most recent workers have been followed up and in view of the increasing uses of radiation in modern medical practices, it is important to continue to monitor the health status of medical radiation workers. JF - Radiology AU - Yoshinaga, Shinji AU - Mabuchi, Kiyohiko AU - Sigurdson, Alice J AU - Doody, Michele Morin AU - Ron, Elaine AD - Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. yosinaga@nirs.go.jp Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 313 EP - 321 VL - 233 IS - 2 SN - 0033-8419, 0033-8419 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Humans KW - Leukemia, Radiation-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Radiology KW - Technology, Radiologic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67031194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiology&rft.atitle=Cancer+risks+among+radiologists+and+radiologic+technologists%3A+review+of+epidemiologic+studies.&rft.au=Yoshinaga%2C+Shinji%3BMabuchi%2C+Kiyohiko%3BSigurdson%2C+Alice+J%3BDoody%2C+Michele+Morin%3BRon%2C+Elaine&rft.aulast=Yoshinaga&rft.aufirst=Shinji&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=233&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiology&rft.issn=00338419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Radiology. 2004 Nov;233(2):307-8 [15516610] Radiology. 2005 May;235(2):709-10; author reply 710-1 [15858108] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of children who have full or incomplete fetal alcohol syndrome. AN - 67030500; 15520764 AB - To describe the clinical features and hospitalization rates of American Indian children with full or incomplete fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Two retrospective case-control studies were conducted of Northern Plains American Indian children with presumed FAS identified from 1981 to 1993 by using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), code 760.71. Children who had full or incomplete FAS were compared with each other and with children who did not have FAS. Compared with the control children, the 43 children with FAS and the 35 children with incomplete FAS had more facial dysmorphology, growth deficiency, central nervous system dysfunction, and muscular problems and were hospitalized more frequently with otitis media, pneumonia, FAS, dehydration, and anemia. Case children were hospitalized more days than were control children. Case children were removed from their homes and placed in foster care more often than were control children. Children with full or incomplete FAS had many health, learning, and social needs. Health care providers and community programs should identify the needs of these children and offer optimal services to meet those needs. JF - The Journal of pediatrics AU - Kvigne, Valborg L AU - Leonardson, Gary R AU - Neff-Smith, Martha AU - Brock, Ellen AU - Borzelleca, Joseph AU - Welty, Thomas K AD - Aberdeen Area Indian Health Service, PHS Indian Hospital, Rapid city, South Dakota, USA. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 635 EP - 640 VL - 145 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3476, 0022-3476 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Foster Home Care KW - Pregnancy KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- etiology KW - Birth Order KW - Hospitalization KW - Central Nervous System Diseases -- etiology KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Heart Diseases -- etiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Growth Disorders -- etiology KW - Indians, North American KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- ethnology KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- pathology KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67030500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+children+who+have+full+or+incomplete+fetal+alcohol+syndrome.&rft.au=Kvigne%2C+Valborg+L%3BLeonardson%2C+Gary+R%3BNeff-Smith%2C+Martha%3BBrock%2C+Ellen%3BBorzelleca%2C+Joseph%3BWelty%2C+Thomas+K&rft.aulast=Kvigne&rft.aufirst=Valborg&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.issn=00223476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polyarteritis nodosa reports to the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS): implications for assessment of suspected vaccine-provoked vasculitis. AN - 67023959; 15517631 AB - To examine polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as the initial stage in investigating the hypothesis that vaccination can very rarely cause PAN. We reviewed PAN reports submitted from 1990 through 2001 using a causal inference framework to evaluate the consistency of the reports' clinical details with this hypothesis. We also reviewed published literature relating to the hypothesized association's biological plausibility. VAERS received 25 PAN reports. Ten met our case definition for definite or possible PAN and had no alternative etiology for PAN identified. Nine of these 10 followed hepatitis B vaccine with a modal peak (4 definite cases) in time to symptom onset 2 weeks after vaccination. However, all potential triggering infections were not excluded, and identification of vaccine antigens in clinical specimens was not attempted. Also, 14 of 25 reports were European, with 11 from France. All 9 French reports with a known diagnosis date began during 1994-97, when autoimmune and rheumatologic events following hepatitis B vaccine were a focus of public concern in France. While we identified some supportive evidence, overall, current adverse event reports do not support a causal link between vaccination and PAN. Appropriate prospective evaluation of future post-vaccination PAN cases could add to current knowledge with rigorous confirmation of diagnosis, appropriate testing for possible triggering infections including polymerase chain reaction testing for latent hepatitis B infection, and an attempt to link the vaccine antigen to pathology such as by immunohistochemical staining or immune complex identification. JF - The Journal of rheumatology AU - Begier, Elizabeth M AU - Langford, Carol A AU - Sneller, Michael C AU - Wise, Robert P AU - Ball, Robert AU - VAERS Working Group AD - Vaccine Safety Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852-1448, USA. ; VAERS Working Group Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 2181 EP - 2188 VL - 31 IS - 11 SN - 0315-162X, 0315-162X KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Databases, Factual KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Polyarteritis Nodosa -- immunology KW - Polyarteritis Nodosa -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Polyarteritis Nodosa -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67023959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+rheumatology&rft.atitle=Polyarteritis+nodosa+reports+to+the+vaccine+adverse+event+reporting+system+%28VAERS%29%3A+implications+for+assessment+of+suspected+vaccine-provoked+vasculitis.&rft.au=Begier%2C+Elizabeth+M%3BLangford%2C+Carol+A%3BSneller%2C+Michael+C%3BWise%2C+Robert+P%3BBall%2C+Robert%3BVAERS+Working+Group&rft.aulast=Begier&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+rheumatology&rft.issn=0315162X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brevetoxin metabolism and elimination in the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) after controlled exposures to Karenia brevis. AN - 67005006; 15501294 AB - The metabolism and elimination of brevetoxins were examined in the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) following controlled exposures to Karenia brevis cultures in the laboratory. After a 2-day exposure period ( approximately 62 million cells/oyster), elimination of brevetoxins and their metabolites was monitored by using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Composite toxin in oyster extracts was measured by in vitro assay (i.e. cytotoxicity, receptor binding, and ELISA). Of the parent algal toxins, PbTx-1 and PbTx-2 were not detectable by LC/MS in K. brevis-exposed oysters. PbTx-3 and PbTx-9, which are accumulated directly from K. brevis and through metabolic reduction of PbTx-2 in the oyster, were at levels initially (after exposure) of 0.74 and 0.49 microg equiv./g, respectively, and were eliminated largely within 2 weeks after dosing. PbTx-7 and PbTx-10, the reduced forms of PbTx-1, were non-detectable. Conjugative brevetoxin metabolites identified previously in field-exposed oysters were confirmed in the laboratory-exposed oysters. Cysteine conjugates of PbTx-1 and PbTx-2, and their sulfoxides, were in the highest abundance, as apparent in LC/MS ion traces, and were detectable for up to 6 months after dosing. Composite toxin measurements by in vitro assay also reflected persistence (up to 6 months) of brevetoxin residues in the oyster. Levels of cysteine conjugates, as determined by LC/MS, were well correlated with those of composite toxin, as measured by ELISA, throughout depuration. Composite toxin levels by cytotoxicity assay were well correlated with those by receptor binding assay. Cysteine-PbTx conjugates are useful LC/MS determinants of brevetoxin exposure and potential markers for composite toxin in the Eastern oyster. JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology AU - Plakas, Steven M AU - Wang, Zhihong AU - El Said, Kathleen R AU - Jester, Edward L E AU - Granade, Hudson R AU - Flewelling, Leanne AU - Scott, Paula AU - Dickey, Robert W AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, US Food and Drug Administration, P.O. Box 158, 1 Iberville Drive, Dauphin Island, AL 36528-0158, USA. splakas@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 677 EP - 685 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 0041-0101, 0041-0101 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Marine Toxins KW - Oxocins KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - brevetoxin T17 KW - 85079-48-7 KW - brevetoxin KW - 98225-48-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - DNA Adducts -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Biological Assay KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Binding, Competitive -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Oxocins -- metabolism KW - Ostreidae -- metabolism KW - Marine Toxins -- metabolism KW - Oxocins -- toxicity KW - Marine Toxins -- toxicity KW - Dinoflagellida -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67005006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.atitle=Brevetoxin+metabolism+and+elimination+in+the+Eastern+oyster+%28Crassostrea+virginica%29+after+controlled+exposures+to+Karenia+brevis.&rft.au=Plakas%2C+Steven+M%3BWang%2C+Zhihong%3BEl+Said%2C+Kathleen+R%3BJester%2C+Edward+L+E%3BGranade%2C+Hudson+R%3BFlewelling%2C+Leanne%3BScott%2C+Paula%3BDickey%2C+Robert+W&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.issn=00410101&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Neisseria meningitidis genetic loci involved in the modulation of phase variation frequencies. AN - 67002696; 15501815 AB - It has been proposed that increased phase variation frequencies in Neisseria meningitidis augment transmissibility and invasiveness. A Himar1 mariner transposon mutant library was constructed in serogroup A N. meningitidis and screened for clones with increased phase variation frequencies. Insertions increasing the frequency of slippage events within mononucleotide repeat tracts were identified in three known phase variation-modulating genes (mutS, mutL, and uvrD), as well as six additional loci (pilP, fbpA, fbpB, NMA1233, and two intergenic regions). The implications of these insertion mutations are discussed. JF - Infection and immunity AU - Alexander, Heather L AU - Rasmussen, Andrew W AU - Stojiljkovic, Igor AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. heather.alexander@hhs.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 6743 EP - 6747 VL - 72 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Transposases KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Chromosomes, Bacterial KW - Species Specificity KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Gene Library KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid -- genetics KW - Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup A -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup A -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67002696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+immunity&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Neisseria+meningitidis+genetic+loci+involved+in+the+modulation+of+phase+variation+frequencies.&rft.au=Alexander%2C+Heather+L%3BRasmussen%2C+Andrew+W%3BStojiljkovic%2C+Igor&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=6743&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 2000 Jan;182(2):439-47 [10629191] Mol Microbiol. 2000 Sep;37(5):1075-86 [10972826] Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1809-15 [10710307] Nature. 2000 Mar 30;404(6777):502-6 [10761919] Mol Microbiol. 2000 Jul;37(1):207-15 [10931317] J Bacteriol. 2000 Oct;182(19):5391-8 [10986241] J Clin Invest. 2001 Mar;107(6):657-62 [11254662] Mol Microbiol. 2001 May;40(3):645-55 [11359570] Microbiology. 2001 Aug;147(Pt 8):2321-32 [11496009] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Apr 30;99(9):6103-7 [11983903] J Bacteriol. 2002 Jul;184(14):3965-74 [12081969] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Aug 5;100(16):9542-7 [12883001] Proc Biol Sci. 2003 Aug 22;270(1525):1667-77 [12964993] J Bacteriol. 2004 Feb;186(3):730-9 [14729699] Mol Microbiol. 2004 May;52(3):771-83 [15101983] Infect Immun. 1993 Nov;61(11):4599-606 [8406856] J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Feb;32(2):323-30 [8150942] Mol Microbiol. 1993 Oct;10(2):311-8 [7934822] Infect Immun. 1995 Dec;63(12):4634-41 [7591117] J Bacteriol. 1996 Apr;178(7):2145-9 [8606197] J Bacteriol. 1996 Jul;178(14):4224-32 [8763952] J Bacteriol. 1996 Aug;178(15):4670-8 [8755899] EMBO J. 1996 Oct 1;15(19):5470-9 [8895590] Infect Immun. 1996 Dec;64(12):5008-14 [8945539] Mol Microbiol. 1997 Feb;23(4):657-68 [9157238] Mol Microbiol. 1997 Feb;23(4):737-49 [9157245] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1998 Jan 1;158(1):57-60 [9453156] Infect Immun. 1998 Mar;66(3):987-93 [9488386] Infect Immun. 1998 May;66(5):2330-6 [9573125] J Bacteriol. 1999 Apr;181(7):2067-74 [10094683] Infect Immun. 1999 Jun;67(6):3141-5 [10338533] Mol Microbiol. 1999 Jun;32(5):977-89 [10361300] Lancet. 1999 Mar 20;353(9157):941-2 [10459897] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Sep 28;96(20):11428-33 [10500193] J Bacteriol. 1963 Jun;85:1274-9 [14047217] Mol Microbiol. 2000 Jan;35(1):211-22 [10632891] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance of occupational noise exposures using OSHA's Integrated Management Information System. AN - 66999536; 15490475 AB - Exposure to noise has long been known to cause hearing loss, and is an ubiquitous problem in workplaces. Occupational noise exposures for industries stored in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) can be used to identify temporal and industrial trends of noise exposure to anticipate changes in rates of hearing loss. The noise records in OSHA's IMIS database for 1979-1999 were extracted by major industry division and measurement criteria. The noise exposures were summarized by year, industry, and employment size. The majority of records are from Manufacturing and Services. Exposures in Manufacturing and Services have decreased during the period, except that PEL exposures measured by federal enforcement increased from 1995 to 1999. Noise exposures in manufacturing have been reduced since the late 1970s, except those documented by federal enforcement. Noise exposure data outside manufacturing is not well represented in IMIS. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Middendorf, Paul J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. pkm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 492 EP - 504 VL - 46 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Management Information Systems KW - Occupational Exposure -- standards KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66999536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Surveillance+of+occupational+noise+exposures+using+OSHA%27s+Integrated+Management+Information+System.&rft.au=Middendorf%2C+Paul+J&rft.aulast=Middendorf&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Androgens and liver tumors: Fanconi's anemia and non-Fanconi's conditions. AN - 66995351; 15495253 AB - The association between anabolic androgenic steroids and liver tumors was first noted in patients with Fanconi's anemia (FA). The hypotheses which led to this review were as follows: (1) androgen-treated individuals who do not have FA are also at risk of liver tumors; (2) parenteral as well as oral androgens may be responsible for liver tumors; (3) FA patients develop liver tumors after smaller and briefer androgen exposure than non-FA individuals; (4) the risk of hepatic neoplasms may depend on the specific androgen. Medline and Web of Science were searched for all cases of liver tumors associated with androgens. Information from individual cases was entered into a spreadsheet and descriptive statistical analyses were performed. Thirty-six FA cases and 97 non-FA cases with both nonhematologic disorders and acquired aplastic anemia (non-FA AA) were identified. The most common androgens were oxymetholone, methyltestosterone, and danazol. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) were more often associated with oxymetholone and methyltestosterone, while adenomas were associated with danazol. Tumors were reported in six patients who received only parenteral and not oral androgens. FA patients were younger than non-FA patients when androgen use was initiated, and the FA patients developed tumors at younger ages. Non-AA patients were treated with androgens for longer periods of time, compared with FA and non-FA AA patients. All patients on anabolic androgenic steroids are at risk of liver tumors, regardless of underlying diagnosis. The magnitude of the risk cannot be determined from currently available data, because the number of patients receiving androgens is unknown. JF - American journal of hematology AU - Velazquez, Isela AU - Alter, Blanche P AD - Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 257 EP - 267 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0361-8609, 0361-8609 KW - Anabolic Agents KW - 0 KW - Androgens KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - Oxymetholone KW - L76T0ZCA8K KW - Danazol KW - N29QWW3BUO KW - Methyltestosterone KW - V9EFU16ZIF KW - Index Medicus KW - Anemia, Aplastic -- complications KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent -- pathology KW - Aged KW - Methyltestosterone -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent -- chemically induced KW - Danazol -- adverse effects KW - Anabolic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Anemia, Aplastic -- drug therapy KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Oxymetholone -- adverse effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Liver Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Fanconi Anemia -- complications KW - Fanconi Anemia -- drug therapy KW - Androgens -- adverse effects KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- pathology KW - Adenoma, Liver Cell -- pathology KW - Adenoma, Liver Cell -- chemically induced KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66995351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+hematology&rft.atitle=Androgens+and+liver+tumors%3A+Fanconi%27s+anemia+and+non-Fanconi%27s+conditions.&rft.au=Velazquez%2C+Isela%3BAlter%2C+Blanche+P&rft.aulast=Velazquez&rft.aufirst=Isela&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+hematology&rft.issn=03618609&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time course of cII gene mutant manifestation in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-treated Big Blue transgenic mice. AN - 66988679; 15282403 AB - The time between treatment and the appearance of mutants (mutant manifestation time) is a critical variable for in vivo transgenic mutation assays. There are, however, limited data describing the optimal sampling time for detecting mutations in various tissues of mutagen-treated animals. In this study, we investigated the time course of cII gene mutant induction in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow of Big Blue transgenic mice treated with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Six-month-old female mice were treated with a single dose (120 mg/kg) of ENU, and the animals were sacrificed, and the cII mutant frequencies (MFs) were determined at 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 120 days after the treatment. The MFs in the liver cII gene of ENU-treated mice increased with time after the treatment, while the MFs for concurrent controls remained constant. The liver cII MFs in ENU-treated mice were significantly increased at day 30 and 120 (p < 0.01), with the largest increase at day 120. The spleen cII MFs in ENU-treated mice were increased significantly at day 7 and later (p < 0.01), and reached a plateau at day 30. In the bone marrow, the cII MFs in ENU-treated mice were increased significantly at all sampling times (p < 0.01), with the maximum MF at day 3. These results confirm that the time after treatment required to reach the maximum MF is tissue specific, with the approximate time for the maximum ENU-induced cII MF response being: bone marrow, 3 days; spleen, 14-30 days; and liver, more than 30 days. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Wang, Jianyong AU - Liu, Xiaoli AU - Heflich, Robert H AU - Chen, Tao AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 124 EP - 128 VL - 82 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Alkylating Agents KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Transcription Factors KW - Viral Proteins KW - cII protein, bacteriophage lambda KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Spleen -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Bone Marrow -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Time Factors KW - Bone Marrow -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Mutagenesis -- drug effects KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Alkylating Agents -- toxicity KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66988679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Time+course+of+cII+gene+mutant+manifestation+in+the+liver%2C+spleen%2C+and+bone+marrow+of+N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-treated+Big+Blue+transgenic+mice.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Jianyong%3BLiu%2C+Xiaoli%3BHeflich%2C+Robert+H%3BChen%2C+Tao&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Jianyong&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the potential immunotoxicity of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol in Balb/c mice. I. Effect on antibody forming cell, mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, splenic subset, and natural killer cell activity. AN - 66882994; 15369844 AB - 3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (MCPD) is a well-known by-product of acid-hydrolyzed soy sauce during its manufacturing process. MCPD has been reported genotoxic in vitro, and reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity in rats. However, no previous studies have investigated MCPD-induced alterations in the immune system. In the present study, MCPD was administered by gavage for 14 days at 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg per day to female Balb/c mice. The antibody-mediated immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was assessed using the antibody-forming cell (AFC) assay, and splenic cell phenotypes were quantified by flow cytometry. Hematological and histopathological changes were assessed. Mitogen-stimulated spleen lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell activity were evaluated. The T-lymphocyte blastogenesis by concanavalin A (Con A) or anti-CD3 and B-lymphocyte blastogenesis by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were not significantly changed. There were no significant changes in the hematological and histopathological findings of MCPD-treated mice. However, the significant decrease in thymus weight was observed in 100 mg dose group, even though that did not change body weight gain. The cellularities of spleen and thymus were significantly reduced in high-dose group. Exposure to high dose of MCPD decreased the AFC response to SRBC in mice. There was a significant decrease in NK cell activity of mice treated with high dose of MCPD. These results indicate that MCPD could modulate the immune function in Balb/c mice. JF - Toxicology AU - Lee, Jong Kwon AU - Byun, Jung A AU - Park, Seung Hee AU - Kim, Hyung Soo AU - Park, Jae Hyun AU - Eom, Juno H AU - Oh, Hye Young AD - Division of Immunotoxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Korea Food and Drug Administration, 122-704 Seoul, South Korea. jkleest@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2004/11/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 01 SP - 1 EP - 11 VL - 204 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Mitogens KW - 0 KW - alpha-Chlorohydrin KW - 96-24-2 KW - Glycerol KW - PDC6A3C0OX KW - Index Medicus KW - Mitogens -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Sheep KW - Antibody-Producing Cells -- drug effects KW - Lymphocyte Subsets -- drug effects KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Erythrocytes -- immunology KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Glycerol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Food Contamination KW - Glycerol -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66882994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+and+in+vivo+percutaneous+absorption+of+catechol&rft.au=Jung%2C+C+T%3BWickett%2C+R+R%3BDesai%2C+P+B%3BBronaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=885&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0278-6915%2803%2900040-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of the reported active metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, on testosterone formation by cultured Leydig cells from young adult rats. AN - 66830307; 15336722 AB - Methoxychlor (MC) is an insecticide that is currently used on a variety of agricultural crops, especially following the ban of 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) use in the United States. Following in vivo administration, MC is converted to 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE), which is proposed to be the active agent. Both MC and HPTE have been demonstrated to exhibit weak estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, and they are thought to exert their effects through estrogen or androgen receptors, respectively. A recent study reported that HPTE inhibited both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone formation by immature and adult cultured rat Leydig cells and that this effect was mediated through the estrogen receptor. In the current studies, we examined the effects of HPTE on basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone formation by cultured Leydig cells from young adult rats. In addition, we evaluated whether the effects of HPTE on rat Leydig cell testosterone biosynthesis were mediated through the estrogen receptor as an estrogen agonist or the androgen receptor as an antiandrogen. The current studies demonstrated that HPTE inhibited both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone formation in a dose-dependent manner with significant declines in testosterone being observed at approximately 100 nM. The effects of HPTE were localized to the cholesterol side-chain cleavage step; however, these effects were not mediated through the classic estrogen receptor or by its acting as an antiandrogen, the currently recognized modes of action of MC and HPTE. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Murono, Eisuke P AU - Derk, Raymond C AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, M/S L-2015, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. eem8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 135 EP - 146 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin KW - 0 KW - Drug Combinations KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - Insecticides KW - Oxazoles KW - Phenols KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate KW - 23583-48-4 KW - hydroxyflutamide KW - 31D90UKP5Y KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Flutamide KW - 76W6J0943E KW - Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme KW - EC 1.14.15.6 KW - 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane KW - H58165YO91 KW - vinclozolin KW - JJ258EZN1I KW - Methoxychlor KW - RIA79UD69L KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Oxazoles -- pharmacology KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme -- metabolism KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Insecticides -- metabolism KW - Methoxychlor -- metabolism KW - Methoxychlor -- analogs & derivatives KW - Flutamide -- analogs & derivatives KW - Leydig Cells -- enzymology KW - Testosterone -- metabolism KW - Flutamide -- pharmacology KW - Phenols -- toxicity KW - Leydig Cells -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66830307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+the+reported+active+metabolite+of+methoxychlor%2C+2%2C2-bis%28p-hydroxyphenyl%29-1%2C1%2C1-trichloroethane%2C+on+testosterone+formation+by+cultured+Leydig+cells+from+young+adult+rats.&rft.au=Murono%2C+Eisuke+P%3BDerk%2C+Raymond+C&rft.aulast=Murono&rft.aufirst=Eisuke&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The internet and HIV/STD prevention AN - 36684562; 3434627 JF - AIDS care AU - McFarlane, M AU - Ross, M W AU - Elford, J AD - US Department of Health and Human Services ; University of Texas ; City University, London Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 929 EP - 930 VL - 16 IS - 8 SN - 0954-0121, 0954-0121 KW - Sociology KW - Prevention KW - Sexual behaviour KW - AIDS KW - Communication KW - HIV KW - Internet KW - Sexually transmitted diseases KW - Public health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36684562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+care&rft.atitle=The+internet+and+HIV%2FSTD+prevention&rft.au=McFarlane%2C+M%3BRoss%2C+M+W%3BElford%2C+J&rft.aulast=McFarlane&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+care&rft.issn=09540121&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09540120412331292516 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 11563 1025 1542 11325 6071; 11581 3617 6220; 6813 6518; 5703 3617 6220; 482 3617 6220; 10072; 2572; 10449 5772 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120412331292516 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CYP3A4 Polymorphisms-Potential Risk Factors for Breast and Prostate Cancer: A HuGE Review AN - 20713069; 6061642 AB - The steroid hydroxylase CYP3A4 is the most abundant P-450 enzyme in the human liver, and CYP3A enzymes metabolize more than 50% of prescription drugs. The CYP3A4 gene is expressed in the liver, gut, colon, prostate, and breast. Individual variation in CYP3A4 may play a role in breast and prostate carcinogenesis through modulation of sex hormone metabolite levels. Alternatively, CYP3A4 can metabolically activate exogenous carcinogens. CYP3A4 activity varies widely in humans, and more than 78 DNA sequence polymorphisms are known. These observations prompted the hypothesis that variant CYP3A4 may be involved in breast and prostate cancer. Two epidemiologic studies of breast cancer and five of prostate cancer examined CYP3A4 genotypes. A US study showed that inheritance of CYP3A4*1B correlates with early menarche, a breast cancer risk factor. However, an Australian breast cancer case-control study found no association with CYP3A4*1B. Two Scottish prospective studies showed CYP3A4*1B to be a risk factor for prostate cancer among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Three other studies were undertaken in the United States: two were case-only studies and the other was a case-sibling control study. Although results for African Americans were inconsistent, these studies suggested that CYP3A4*1B was associated with markers of advanced disease. These observations support the notion that development of robust, conventional molecular epidemiologic case-control studies to address these questions, including gene- gene and gene-environment interactions, will be timely. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Keshava, Channa AU - Mccanlies, Erin C AU - Weston, Ainsley AD - Molecular Epidemiology Team, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV. Y1 - 2004/11/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 01 SP - 825 EP - 841 PB - Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health VL - 160 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Enzymes KW - Metabolites KW - Carcinogens KW - steroids KW - Genotypes KW - Hormones KW - Cancer KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - Carcinogenesis KW - DNA KW - Liver KW - Africa KW - Breast cancer KW - Australia KW - prostate cancer KW - Drugs KW - Ethnic groups KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20713069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=CYP3A4+Polymorphisms-Potential+Risk+Factors+for+Breast+and+Prostate+Cancer%3A+A+HuGE+Review&rft.au=Keshava%2C+Channa%3BMccanlies%2C+Erin+C%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley&rft.aulast=Keshava&rft.aufirst=Channa&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enzymes; Metabolites; Genotypes; steroids; Carcinogens; Hormones; Cancer; Reviews; Carcinogenesis; Liver; DNA; Breast cancer; prostate cancer; Drugs; Ethnic groups; USA; Africa; Australia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression in lung defense responses after bacterial infection in rats pretreated with different welding fumes AN - 17801766; 6156002 AB - Epidemiology suggests that inhalation of welding fumes increases the susceptibility to lung infection. The effects of chemically distinct welding fumes on lung defense responses after bacterial infection were compared. Fume was collected during gas metal arc (GMA) or flux-covered manual metal arc (MMA) welding using two consumable electrodes: stainless steel (SS) or mild steel (MS). The fumes were separated into water-soluble and -insoluble fractions. The GMA-SS and GMA-MS fumes were found to be relatively insoluble, whereas the MMA-SS was highly water soluble, with the soluble fraction comprised of 87% Cr and 11% Mn. On day 0, male Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with saline (vehicle control) or the different welding fumes (0.1 or 2 mg/rat). At day 3, the rats were intratracheally inoculated with 5 x 10 super(3) Listeria monocytogenes. On days 6, 8, and 10, left lungs were removed, homogenized, cultured overnight, and colony-forming units were counted to assess pulmonary bacterial clearance. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on right lungs to recover phagocytes and BAL fluid to measure the production of nitric oxide (NO) and immunomodulatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- alpha ), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-10. In contrast to the GMA-SS, GMA-MS, and saline groups, pretreatment with the highly water soluble MMA-SS fume caused significant body weight loss, extensive lung damage, and a dramatic reduction in pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes after infection. NO concentrations in BAL fluid and lung immunostaining of inducible NO synthase were dramatically increased in rats pretreated with MMA-SS before and after infection. MMA-SS treatment caused a significant decrease in IL-2 and significant increases in TNF- alpha , IL-6, and IL-10 after infection. In conclusion, pretreatment with MMA-SS increased production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF- alpha and IL-6) after infection, which are likely responsible for the elevation in lung inflammation and injury. In addition, MMA-SS treatment reduced IL-2 (involved in T cell proliferation) and enhanced IL-10 (involved in inhibiting macrophage function) after bacterial infection, which might result in a possible suppression in immune response and an increase in susceptibility to infection. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Antonini, J M AU - Taylor, MD AU - Millecchia, L AU - Bebout, A R AU - Roberts, J R AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA, jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/11/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 01 SP - 206 EP - 218 VL - 200 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Interleukin 6 KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Fumes KW - Interleukin 2 KW - saline KW - Alveoli KW - Interleukin 10 KW - Inflammation KW - Nitric-oxide synthase KW - Epidemiology KW - Lung KW - Electrodes KW - Tumor necrosis factor-^a KW - Nitric oxide KW - Cell proliferation KW - stainless steel KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17801766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Suppression+in+lung+defense+responses+after+bacterial+infection+in+rats+pretreated+with+different+welding+fumes&rft.au=Antonini%2C+J+M%3BTaylor%2C+MD%3BMillecchia%2C+L%3BBebout%2C+A+R%3BRoberts%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=200&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.taap.2004.04.022 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Lung; Fumes; Tumor necrosis factor-^a; Nitric-oxide synthase; Nitric oxide; Interleukin 10; Interleukin 6; saline; Interleukin 2; Inflammation; Electrodes; Epidemiology; Alveoli; stainless steel; Macrophages; Cell proliferation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2004.04.022 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of microbial dose-response models fitted to human data AN - 17788750; 6144292 AB - A study of eight mathematical dose-response models for microbial risk assessment was conducted using infectivity and illness data on a variety of microbial pathogens from published studies with human volunteers. The purpose was to evaluate variability among the models for human microbial dose-response data in order to determine whether two-parameter models might suffice for most microbial dose-response data or whether three-parameter models should generally be fitted. Model variability was measured in terms of estimated ED sub(0) sub(1)s and ED sub(1) sub(0)s, with the view that these effective dose levels correspond to the lower and upper limits of the 1-10% risk range generally recommended for establishing benchmark doses in risk assessment. An investigation of the ranks of the ED sub(0) sub(1) and ED sub(1) sub(0) values among the models led to the conclusion that the two-parameter models captured at least as much uncertainty as the three-parameter models for the data examined. A further evaluation of the two-parameter models did not result in the selection of one ''best'' model, but it did provide some insights into the models' relative behavior. The model uncertainty analysis proposed by Kang et al. [Regulat. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 32 (2000) 68] using four two-parameter models was reinforced. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Moon, H AU - Chen, J J AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Kodell, R L AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, rkodell@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 177 EP - 184 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Variability KW - Mathematical models KW - Pathogens KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17788750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+microbial+dose-response+models+fitted+to+human+data&rft.au=Moon%2C+H%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BGaylor%2C+D+W%3BKodell%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.yrtph.2004.07.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Risk assessment; Pathogens; Variability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.07.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment of Diagnostic Cutoff Points for Levels of Serum Antibodies to Pertussis Toxin, Filamentous Hemagglutinin, and Fimbriae in Adolescents and Adults in the United States AN - 17761002; 6077085 AB - Numerous reports have documented that serologic methods are much more sensitive than culture for the diagnosis of pertussis in adolescents and adults. However, a standardized serologic test for pertussis is not routinely available to most clinicians, and the serologic test levels or cutoff points correlated with diseases have not been determined. The goal of the present study was to examine the distribution of immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels against three Bordetella pertussis antigens (pertussis toxin [PT], filamentous hemagglutinin [FHA], and fimbria types 2 and 3 [FIM]) and to determine population-based antibody levels for the purpose of establishing such diagnostic cutoff points. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed with sera from >6,000 U.S. residents aged 6 to 49 years who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mixture models were developed to identify hypothesized exposure groups and establish diagnostic cutoffs. Quantifiable (>20 ELISA units/ml [EU]) anti-FHA and anti-FIM IgG antibodies were common (65 and 62% of individuals, respectively), but quantifiable anti-PT IgG antibodies were less frequent (16%). Given the distributions of antibody levels, an anti-PT IgG level of =>94 EU was proposed as the diagnostic cutoff point. Application of this cutoff point to culture-confirmed illness in a prior study investigating cough illness yielded a high diagnostic sensitivity (80%) and specificity (93%). A standardized ELISA for anti-PT IgG with a single serum sample appears to be useful for the identification of recent B. pertussis infection in adolescents and adults with cough illness. The PT cutoff point will be further evaluated in prospective studies of confirmed B. pertussis infection. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Baughman, Andrew L AU - Bisgard, Kristine M AU - Edwards, Kathryn M AU - Guris, Dalya AU - Decker, Michael D AU - Holland, Kathy AU - Meade, Bruce D AU - Lynn, Freyja AD - National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases. Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 1045 EP - 1053 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Pertussis KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Hemagglutinins KW - Adolescence KW - Cough KW - Infection KW - Nutrition KW - pertussis toxin KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - Pili KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06720:ELISA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17761002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Establishment+of+Diagnostic+Cutoff+Points+for+Levels+of+Serum+Antibodies+to+Pertussis+Toxin%2C+Filamentous+Hemagglutinin%2C+and+Fimbriae+in+Adolescents+and+Adults+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Baughman%2C+Andrew+L%3BBisgard%2C+Kristine+M%3BEdwards%2C+Kathryn+M%3BGuris%2C+Dalya%3BDecker%2C+Michael+D%3BHolland%2C+Kathy%3BMeade%2C+Bruce+D%3BLynn%2C+Freyja&rft.aulast=Baughman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; Immunoglobulin G; Pertussis; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Adolescence; Hemagglutinins; Cough; pertussis toxin; Infection; Nutrition; Pili ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal variations in phytoplankton, particulates, and colored dissolved organic material based on optical properties during a Long Island brown tide compared to an adjacent embayment AN - 17760230; 6095043 AB - Since 1985, the coastal embayments of Long Island, New York, have been plagued with recurrent blooms, aptly called brown tides, of the pelagophyte Aureococcus anophagefferens. The distinct ocean color observed during these blooms suggests that optical methods can be used as a tool to study, detect, and track brown tides. Thus, the goal of our project was to compare the optical properties and pigment composition during bloom and non-bloom conditions and assess temporal variations in the phytoplankton and other constituents in the seawater associated with bloom development. From 17 May to 8 June 2000, we measured a time series of particle size distributions and concentrations as well as size-fractioned algal pigments and optical properties in two Long Island embayments where brown tides are known to occur. During our study, A. anophagefferens represented an insignificant contribution to the algal community in West Neck Bay (WNB), whereas a bloom developed in Quantuck Bay (QB). Initially, temperature and salinity were similar at the two locations; however, bulk optical properties, chlorophyll, and particle concentrations were nearly a factor of 2 greater at QB. Bulk optical properties remained constant at WNB, yet increased exponentially at QB as the bloom developed. The composition of particulates, including phytoplankton, varied little at QB, and the optical properties suggested the dominance of A. anophagefferens (confirmed by microscopy). The largest temporal variations were observed in the colored dissolved organic material (CDOM); the colloidal (0.2-0.7 mu m) fraction, exhibiting a strong protein-like signal, increased dramatically at the height of the bloom. At WNB particle sizes and algal composition varied despite the invariant bulk optical properties; CDOM variations were minimal. Overall, the optical properties in the two bays demonstrated that at QB temporal variations were dominated by biomass and colloidal protein changes, whereas shifts in the algal community occurred at WNB. This study demonstrates the utility of in situ optical observations to resolve temporal changes in the ecological conditions associated with algal bloom development. JF - Harmful Algae AU - Etheridge, S M AU - Roesler, C S AD - Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA, stacey.etheridge@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 331 EP - 342 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl] VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1568-9883, 1568-9883 KW - Brown tides KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Aureococcus anophagefferens KW - Brown tide KW - CDOM KW - Harmful algal blooms KW - Optical properties KW - Pigments KW - Chlorophylls KW - Algal blooms KW - Chlorophyll KW - Phytoplankton KW - Particulates KW - ANW, USA, New York, Long Island, Quantuck Bay KW - Environmental factors KW - ANW, USA, New York, Long Island, West Neck Bay KW - Marine environment KW - Coastal inlets KW - Temperature effects KW - Particle size KW - Marine KW - Water colour KW - Particle concentration KW - Temporal variations KW - Brackish KW - Biomass KW - Color KW - Dominance KW - Dominant species KW - Dissolved organic matter KW - Microscopy KW - K 03009:Algae KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - K 03044:Algae KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17760230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harmful+Algae&rft.atitle=Temporal+variations+in+phytoplankton%2C+particulates%2C+and+colored+dissolved+organic+material+based+on+optical+properties+during+a+Long+Island+brown+tide+compared+to+an+adjacent+embayment&rft.au=Etheridge%2C+S+M%3BRoesler%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Etheridge&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Harmful+Algae&rft.issn=15689883&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.hal.2004.06.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle size; Algal blooms; Chlorophylls; Water colour; Particle concentration; Temporal variations; Optical properties; Phytoplankton; Particulates; Environmental factors; Dominant species; Dissolved organic matter; Pigments; Coastal inlets; Temperature effects; Chlorophyll; Biomass; Dominance; Color; Marine environment; Microscopy; Aureococcus anophagefferens; ANW, USA, New York, Long Island, West Neck Bay; ANW, USA, New York, Long Island, Quantuck Bay; Brackish; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2004.06.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nocardia kruczakiae sp. nov., a Pathogen in Immunocompromised Patients and a Member of the "N. nova Complex" AN - 17759115; 6078738 AB - Molecular methodologies have become useful techniques for the identification of pathogenic Nocardia species and for the recognition of novel species that are capable of causing human disease. Two isolates recovered from immunocompromised patients were characterized as Nocardia nova by biochemical and susceptibility testing results. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns obtained by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) of an amplified portion of the heat shock protein gene were identical to those obtained with the type strain of N. nova. REA of an amplified portion of the 16S rRNA gene showed RFLP patterns that were unlike those obtained for the type strain of N. nova but that were similar to those obtained for the type strains of N. africana and N. veterana. Subsequent sequencing of a portion of the 16S rRNA gene produced identical results for the two patient isolates. Sequence analysis of 1,352-bp portions of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these isolates were 99.8% similar to the recently described species N. veterana but were only 99.3, 98.1, and 98.1% similar to the type strains of N. africana, N. nova, and N. vaccinii, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization studies confirmed that the two patient isolates belonged to the same species but were not closely related to N. africana, N. nova, N. vaccinii, or N. veterana. The patient isolates have been designated N. kruczakiae sp. nov. Because N. africana, N. veterana, and the new species are not readily differentiated from N. nova by phenotypic methods alone, the designation "N. nova complex" can be used to designate isolates such as these that phenotypically resemble N. nova but that have not been definitively characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing or DNA-DNA hybridization. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Conville, Patricia S AU - Brown, June M AU - Steigerwalt, Arnold G AU - Lee, Judy W AU - Anderson, Victoria L AU - Fishbain, Joel T AU - Holland, Steven M AU - Witebsky, Frank G AD - Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center. Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland. Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia. Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 5139 EP - 5145 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 42 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Nocardia veterana KW - Heat shock proteins KW - Nocardia africana KW - Immunocompromised hosts KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Nocardia nova KW - Endonuclease KW - Nocardia vaccinia KW - rRNA 16S KW - Nocardia kruczakiae KW - New species KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17759115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Nocardia+kruczakiae+sp.+nov.%2C+a+Pathogen+in+Immunocompromised+Patients+and+a+Member+of+the+%22N.+nova+Complex%22&rft.au=Conville%2C+Patricia+S%3BBrown%2C+June+M%3BSteigerwalt%2C+Arnold+G%3BLee%2C+Judy+W%3BAnderson%2C+Victoria+L%3BFishbain%2C+Joel+T%3BHolland%2C+Steven+M%3BWitebsky%2C+Frank+G&rft.aulast=Conville&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nocardia africana; Nocardia vaccinia; Nocardia veterana; Nocardia kruczakiae; Nocardia nova; rRNA 16S; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Heat shock proteins; Endonuclease; New species; Immunocompromised hosts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytokine Response to Infection with Bacillus anthracis Spores AN - 17758131; 6062292 AB - Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. The inhalational form of anthrax is the most severe and is associated with rapid progression of the disease and the outcome is frequently fatal. Transfer from the respiratory epithelium to regional lymph nodes appears to be an essential early step in the establishment of infection. This transfer is believed to occur by means of carriage within alveolar macrophages following phagocytosis. Therefore, the ability of B. anthracis to transit through the host macrophage or dendritic cell appears to be an early and critical step in B. anthracis pathogenesis. In this work, we examined the cytokine responses to spore infection in mouse primary peritoneal macrophages, in primary human dendritic cells, and during a spore aerosol infection model utilizing the susceptible A/J mouse strain. We demonstrated that both mouse peritoneal macrophages and human dendritic cells exhibited significant intracellular bactericidal activity during the first hours following uptake, providing the necessary time to mount a cytokine response prior to cell lysis. Strong tumor necrosis factor (TNF- alpha ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) responses were seen in mouse peritoneal macrophages. In addition to TNF- alpha and IL-6, human dendritic cells produced the cytokines IL-1beta, IL-8, and IL-12. A mixture of Th1 and Th2 cytokines were detected in sera obtained from infected animals. In this study, we provide further evidence of an acute cytokine response when cells in culture and mice are infected with B. anthracis spores. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Pickering, Alison K AU - Osorio, Manuel AU - Lee, Gloria M AU - Grippe, Vanessa K AU - Bray, Mechelle AU - Merkel, Tod J AD - Laboratory of Respiratory and Special Pathogens. Laboratory of Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 6382 EP - 6389 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 72 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Interleukin 6 KW - Macrophages KW - Helper cells KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Interleukin 8 KW - Interleukin 12 KW - Dendritic cells KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Anthrax KW - Cytokines KW - Phagocytosis KW - Tumor necrosis factor-a KW - Tumor necrosis factor-^a KW - Spores KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17758131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Cytokine+Response+to+Infection+with+Bacillus+anthracis+Spores&rft.au=Pickering%2C+Alison+K%3BOsorio%2C+Manuel%3BLee%2C+Gloria+M%3BGrippe%2C+Vanessa+K%3BBray%2C+Mechelle%3BMerkel%2C+Tod+J&rft.aulast=Pickering&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=6382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus anthracis; Macrophages; Dendritic cells; Spores; Interleukin 6; Cytokines; Lymphocytes T; Tumor necrosis factor-a; Helper cells; Anthrax; Phagocytosis; Interleukin 12; Interleukin 8; Tumor necrosis factor-^a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Antibodies to Capsular Polysaccharide Antigens of Haemophilus influenzae Type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae in Human Immune Globulin Intravenous Preparations AN - 17757034; 6077170 AB - The most common infections in primary immune deficiency disease (PIDD) patients involve encapsulated bacteria, mainly Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Thus, it is important to know the titers of Hib- and pneumococcus-specific antibodies that are present in immune globulin (Ig) intravenous (IGIV) preparations used to treat PIDD. In this study, seven IGIV preparations were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and opsonophagocytic activity for antibody titers to the capsular polysaccharides of Hib and five pneumococcal serotypes. Differences in Hib- and pneumococcus-specific antibody titer were observed among various IGIV preparations, with some products having higher- or lower-than-average titers. Opsonic activity also varied among preparations. As expected, IgG2 was the most active subclass of both binding and opsonic activity except against pneumococcal serotype 6B where IgG3 was the most active. This study determines antibody titers against capsular polysaccharides of Hib and pneumococcus in seven IGIV products that have been shown to be effective in reducing infections in PIDD patients. As donor antibody levels and manufacturing methods continue to change, it may prove useful from a regulatory point of view to reassess IGIV products periodically, to ensure that products maintain antibody levels that are important for the health of IGIV recipients. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Mikolajczyk, Malgorzata G AU - Concepcion, Nelydia F AU - Wang, Theresa AU - Frazier, Douglas AU - Golding, Basil AU - Frasch, Carl E AU - Scott, Dorothy E AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Blood Research and Review, Division of Hematology, Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives. Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic & Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Bethesda, Maryland Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 1158 EP - 1164 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Donors KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Intravenous administration KW - Serotypes KW - Haemophilus influenzae KW - Globulins KW - Infection KW - Polysaccharides KW - Antibodies KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Immunoglobulins KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06711:Monoclonal antibodies, hybridomas, antigens and antisera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17757034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Antibodies+to+Capsular+Polysaccharide+Antigens+of+Haemophilus+influenzae+Type+b+and+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+in+Human+Immune+Globulin+Intravenous+Preparations&rft.au=Mikolajczyk%2C+Malgorzata+G%3BConcepcion%2C+Nelydia+F%3BWang%2C+Theresa%3BFrazier%2C+Douglas%3BGolding%2C+Basil%3BFrasch%2C+Carl+E%3BScott%2C+Dorothy+E&rft.aulast=Mikolajczyk&rft.aufirst=Malgorzata&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Haemophilus influenzae; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Antibodies; Polysaccharides; Serotypes; Intravenous administration; Globulins; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Immunoglobulins; Infection; Donors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preparation and in vitro characterization of self-nanoemulsified drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of all-trans-retinol acetate AN - 17695361; 6047124 AB - Purpose: To prepare a self-nanoemulsified drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of all-trans-retinol acetate, with enhanced dissolution and better chance of oral absorption. Method: All-trans-retinol acetate SNEDDS was prepared using different concentrations of soybean oil (solvent) Cremophor el (surfactant) and Capmul MCM-C8 (co-surfactant). Particle size and turbidity of the SNEDDS were determined after adding water to the oily solution. Dissolution profile of SNEDDS filled in hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) capsules was determined by using water in USP apparatus 2. Ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the self-nanoemulsified region. The SNEDDS were evaluated by the visual observation, turbidity in nephrometric turbidity units (NTU), mean particle size ( mu m) and Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). SNEDDS were thermally characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to ensure the compatibility of the SNEDDS ingredient. Results: From the data obtained in this work, it was clear that surfactant to co-surfactant ratio has the main impact on the physical characteristics of the emulsion formed. The optimum surfactant to co-surfactant ratio was found to be 2:1 (37.5-50% for Cremophor EL, and 18.75-25% for Capmul MCM-C8). With this ratio, the resultant nanoemulsions obtained have a particle size range of 0.103-0.051 mu m, turbidity range of 18.12-2.18 NTU and t sub(30) values (cumulative% all-trans- retinol acetate dissolved in 30 min) of 90.42-99.5. Also the thermograms obtained from DSC experiments showed that there is no incompatibility or interaction between the SNEDDS ingredients (soybean oil, Cremophor EL, and Capmul MCM-C8) and all-trans-retinol acetate. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the self-nanoemulsified drug delivery system of all-trans-retinol acetate increased its dissolution rate and has the potential to enhance its bioavailability without interaction or incompatibility between the ingredients. JF - International Journal of Pharmaceutics AU - Taha, E I AU - Al-Saidan, S AU - Samy, A M AU - Khan, MA AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, 1300 Coulter, Suite 400, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA, Khanm@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 109 EP - 119 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 285 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-5173, 0378-5173 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17695361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Pharmaceutics&rft.atitle=Preparation+and+in+vitro+characterization+of+self-nanoemulsified+drug+delivery+system+%28SNEDDS%29+of+all-trans-retinol+acetate&rft.au=Taha%2C+E+I%3BAl-Saidan%2C+S%3BSamy%2C+A+M%3BKhan%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Taha&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=285&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Pharmaceutics&rft.issn=03785173&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijpharm.2004.03.034 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.03.034 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel organization of genes in a phthalate degradation operon of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 AN - 17473759; 6652856 AB - Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 is capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to ring cleavage metabolites. This study identified and characterized a putative phthalate degradation operon in the M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 genome. A putative regulatory protein (phtR) was encoded divergently with five tandem genes: phthalate dioxygenase large subunit (phtAa), small subunit (phtAb), phthalate dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (phtB), phthalate dioxygenase ferredoxin subunit (phtAc) and phthalate dioxygenase ferredoxin reductase (phtAd). A 6.7 kb EcoRI fragment containing these genes was cloned into Escherichia coli and converted phthalate to 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate. Homologues to the operon region were detected in a number of PAH-degrading Mycobacterium spp. isolated from various geographical locations. The operon differs from those of other Gram-positive bacteria in both the placement and orientation of the regulatory gene. In addition, the M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 pht operon contains no decarboxylase gene and none was identified within a 37 kb region containing the operon. This study is the first report of a phthalate degradation operon in Mycobacterium spp. JF - Microbiology AU - Stingley, R L AU - Brezna, B AU - Khan, A A AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, Ashraf@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 3749 EP - 3761 VL - 150 IS - 11 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genomes KW - Mycobacterium vanbaalenii KW - Dihydrodiol KW - Geographical distribution KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Biodegradation KW - Mycobacterium KW - Gram-positive bacteria KW - ferredoxin reductase KW - Metabolites KW - Ferredoxin KW - dehydrogenase KW - Phthalic acid KW - phthalates KW - regulatory proteins KW - Escherichia coli KW - Dioxygenase KW - Operons KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching KW - G 07770:Bacteria KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17473759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Novel+organization+of+genes+in+a+phthalate+degradation+operon+of+Mycobacterium+vanbaalenii+PYR-1&rft.au=Stingley%2C+R+L%3BBrezna%2C+B%3BKhan%2C+A+A%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Stingley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3749&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099%2Fmic.0.27263-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Geographical distribution; Dihydrodiol; Biodegradation; Gram-positive bacteria; ferredoxin reductase; Metabolites; Ferredoxin; dehydrogenase; Phthalic acid; phthalates; regulatory proteins; Operons; Dioxygenase; Mycobacterium vanbaalenii; Mycobacterium; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27263-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial drug development - the past, the present, and the future AN - 1660404325; 20467741 AB - Antimicrobial resistance has been an issue since the introduction into clinical use of the first agents in the 1940s. Although the discovery and development of new classes of antimicrobials through the 1960s presented an array of treatment options, these options for some serious and life-threatening infectious diseases may now be more limited. This paper examines the history of antimicrobial development, showing how the challenges in discovering new classes of drugs have been with us for the last 40years. The present state of antimicrobial discovery and development is shaped by these challenges as well as by the economic realities of the pharmaceutical industry. This paper also discusses some of the regulatory considerations in antimicrobial drug development, and presents some potential solutions to the challenges inherent in antimicrobial drug development, including steps taken by the US Food and Drug Administration to streamline the drug review process for antimicrobial agents while maintaining the standards necessary to protect and promote the health of the public. JF - Clinical Microbiology and Infection AU - Powers, J H AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 23 EP - 31 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 10 SN - 1198-743X, 1198-743X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Infectious diseases KW - Reviews KW - Drug resistance KW - Economics KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Drug development KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660404325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+drug+development+-+the+past%2C+the+present%2C+and+the+future&rft.au=Powers%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=1198743X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1465-0691.2004.1007.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Infectious diseases; Drug resistance; Reviews; Economics; Pharmaceuticals; Drug development; Antimicrobial agents DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-0691.2004.1007.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - QA/QC: challenges and pitfalls facing the microarray community and regulatory agencies AN - 1257725462; 16579565 AB - The scientific community has been enthusiastic about DNA microarray technology for pharmacogenomic and toxicogenomic studies in the hope of advancing personalized medicine and drug development. The US Food and Drug Administration has been proactive in promoting the use of pharmacogenomic data in drug development and has issued a draft guidance for the pharmaceutical industry on data submissions. However, many challenges and pitfalls are facing the microarray community and regulatory agencies before microarray data can be reliably applied to support regulatory decision making. Four types of factors (i.e., technical, instrumental, computational and interpretative) affect the outcome of a microarray study, and a major concern about microarray studies has been the lack of reproducibility and accuracy. Intralaboratory data consistency is the foundation of reliable knowledge extraction and meaningful crosslaboratory or crossplatform comparisons; unfortunately, it has not been seriously evaluated and demonstrated in every study. Profound problems in data quality have been observed from analyzing published data sets, and many laboratories have been struggling with technical troubleshooting rather than generating reliable data of scientific significance. The microarray community and regulatory agencies must work together to establish a set of consensus quality assurance and quality control criteria for assessing and ensuring data quality, to identify critical factors affecting data quality, and to optimize and standardize microarray procedures so that biologic interpretation and decision-making are not based on unreliable data. These fundamental issues must be adequately addressed before microarray technology can be transformed from a research tool to clinical practices. JF - Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics AU - Shi, Leming AU - Tong, Weida AU - Goodsaid, Federico AU - Frueh, Felix W AU - Fang, Hong AU - Han, Tao AU - Fuscoe, James C AU - Casciano, Daniel A AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Toxicoinformatics, Division of Systems Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, HFT--020, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 761 EP - 777 PB - Future Science Group (FSG), Unitec House, 2 Albert Place London N3 1QB United Kingdom VL - 4 IS - 6 SN - 1473-7159, 1473-7159 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Computer applications KW - DNA microarrays KW - Data processing KW - Decision making KW - Drug development KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Quality control KW - Reviews KW - pharmacogenomics KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1257725462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Approval+summary%3A+imatinib+mesylate+capsules+for+treatment+of+adult+patients+with+newly+diagnosed+philadelphia+chromosome-positive+chronic+myelogenous+leukemia+in+chronic+phase.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+John+R%3BBross%2C+Peter%3BCohen%2C+Martin%3BRothmann%2C+Mark%3BChen%2C+Gang%3BZajicek%2C+Anne%3BGobburu%2C+Joga%3BRahman%2C+Atiqur%3BStaten%2C+Ann%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1972&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-08 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Decision making; Data processing; pharmacogenomics; Reviews; Quality control; Pharmaceuticals; Drug development; Computer applications; DNA microarrays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737159.4.6.761 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural mechanism for lipid activation of the Rac-specific GAP, beta2-chimaerin. AN - 67011434; 15507211 AB - The lipid second messenger diacylglycerol acts by binding to the C1 domains of target proteins, which translocate to cell membranes and are allosterically activated. Here we report the crystal structure at 3.2 A resolution of one such protein, beta2-chimaerin, a GTPase-activating protein for the small GTPase Rac, in its inactive conformation. The structure shows that in the inactive state, the N terminus of beta2-chimaerin protrudes into the active site of the RacGAP domain, sterically blocking Rac binding. The diacylglycerol and phospholipid membrane binding site on the C1 domain is buried by contacts with the four different regions of beta2-chimaerin: the N terminus, SH2 domain, RacGAP domain, and the linker between the SH2 and C1 domains. Phospholipid binding to the C1 domain triggers the cooperative dissociation of these interactions, allowing the N terminus to move out of the active site and thereby activating the enzyme. JF - Cell AU - Canagarajah, Bertram AU - Leskow, Federico Coluccio AU - Ho, Jonathan Yew Seng AU - Mischak, Harald AU - Saidi, Layla F AU - Kazanietz, Marcelo G AU - Hurley, James H AD - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/10/29/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 29 SP - 407 EP - 418 VL - 119 IS - 3 SN - 0092-8674, 0092-8674 KW - Diglycerides KW - 0 KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - beta-chimaerin KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - rac GTP-Binding Proteins KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein Kinase C -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - COS Cells KW - Cercopithecus aethiops KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Mutation KW - Protein Transport -- physiology KW - rac GTP-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Second Messenger Systems -- physiology KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- genetics KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- chemistry KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- metabolism KW - Diglycerides -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67011434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=Structural+mechanism+for+lipid+activation+of+the+Rac-specific+GAP%2C+beta2-chimaerin.&rft.au=Canagarajah%2C+Bertram%3BLeskow%2C+Federico+Coluccio%3BHo%2C+Jonathan+Yew+Seng%3BMischak%2C+Harald%3BSaidi%2C+Layla+F%3BKazanietz%2C+Marcelo+G%3BHurley%2C+James+H&rft.aulast=Canagarajah&rft.aufirst=Bertram&rft.date=2004-10-29&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell&rft.issn=00928674&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - 1XA6; PDB N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Gender Differences in Substance Dependence and Abuse. The NSDUH Report AN - 62126151; ED484696 AB - Males are more likely to use, abuse, and be dependent on alcohol or illicit drugs than females. The 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) asked questions of persons aged 12 or older to assess their use of alcohol and illicit drugs, as well as their symptoms of substance dependence or abuse during the past year. NSDUH defines "any illicit drug" as including marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), inhalants, hallucinogens, heroin, or prescription-type drugs used nonmedically. This report looks at substance use, abuse, and dependence among females and males across age groups. Y1 - 2004/10/29/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 29 SP - 3 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Age KW - Inhalants KW - Substance Abuse KW - Gender Differences KW - Heroin KW - Males KW - Females KW - Marijuana KW - Drug Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62126151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Gender+Differences+in+Substance+Dependence+and+Abuse.+The+NSDUH+Report&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitive indicators of injury reveal hippocampal damage in C57BL/6J mice treated with kainic acid in the absence of tonic-clonic seizures. AN - 66912614; 15451367 AB - Sensitive indices of neural injury were used to evaluate the time course of kainic acid (KA)-induced hippocampal damage in adult C57BL/6J mice (4 months), a strain previously reported to be resistant to kainate-induced neurotoxicity. Mice were injected systemically with saline or kainate, scored for seizure severity (Racine scale), and allowed to survive 12 h, one, three, or seven days following which they were evaluated for neuropathological changes using histological or biochemical endpoints. Most kainate-treated mice exhibited limited seizure activity (stage 1); however, cupric-silver and Fluoro-Jade B stains revealed significant damage by 12 h post-treatment. Immunohistochemistry and immunoassay of glial fibrillary acidic protein and lectin staining revealed a strong treatment-induced reactive gliosis and microglial activation. Immunostaining for immunoglobulin G revealed a kainate-induced breach in the blood-brain barrier. Nissl and hematoxylin stains provided little information regarding neuronal damage, but revealed the identity of non-resident cells which infiltrated the pyramidal layer. Our data suggest sensitive indicators of neural injury evaluated over a time course, both proximal and distal to treatment, are necessary to reveal the full extent of neuropathological changes which may be underestimated by traditional histological stains. The battery of neuropathological indices reported here reveals the C57BL/6J mouse is sensitive to excitotoxic neural damage caused by kainic acid, in the absence of tonic-clonic seizures. JF - Brain research AU - Benkovic, Stanley Anthony AU - O'Callaghan, James Patrick AU - Miller, Diane Bemis AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mailstop 3014, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/10/22/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 22 SP - 59 EP - 76 VL - 1024 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - 0 KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic -- chemically induced KW - Hippocampus -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- injuries KW - Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic -- pathology KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic -- metabolism KW - Kainic Acid -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66912614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Sensitive+indicators+of+injury+reveal+hippocampal+damage+in+C57BL%2F6J+mice+treated+with+kainic+acid+in+the+absence+of+tonic-clonic+seizures.&rft.au=Benkovic%2C+Stanley+Anthony%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+James+Patrick%3BMiller%2C+Diane+Bemis&rft.aulast=Benkovic&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.date=2004-10-22&rft.volume=1024&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue determination of pesticides in malt beverages by capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring. AN - 66969791; 15478993 AB - A method was developed to determine pesticides in malt beverages using solid phase extraction on a polymeric cartridge and sample cleanup with a MgSO4-topped aminopropyl cartridge, followed by capillary gas chromatography with electron impact mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode [GC-MS(SIM)]. Three GC injections were required to analyze and identify organophosphate, organohalogen, and organonitrogen pesticides. The pesticides were identified by the retention times of peaks of the target ion and qualifier-to-target ion ratios. GC detection limits for most of the pesticides were 5-10 ng/mL, and linearity was determined from 50 to 5000 ng/mL. Fortification studies were performed at 10 ng/mL for three malt beverages that differ in properties such as alcohol content, solids, and appearance. The recoveries from the three malt beverages were greater than 70% for 85 of the 142 pesticides (including isomers) studied. The data showed that the different malt beverage matrixes had no significant effect on the recoveries. This method was then applied to the screening and analysis of malt beverages for pesticides, resulting in the detection of the insectide carbaryl and the fungicide dimethomorph in real samples. The study indicates that pesticide levels in malt beverages are significantly lower than the tolerance levels set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for malt beverage starting ingredients. The use of the extraction/cleanup procedure and analysis by GC-MS(SIM) proved effective in screening malt beverages for a wide variety of pesticides. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Wong, Jon W AU - Webster, Michael G AU - Bezabeh, Dawit Z AU - Hengel, Mathew J AU - Ngim, Kenley K AU - Krynitsky, Alexander J AU - Ebeler, Susan E AD - Alcohol and Tobacco Laboratory, National Laboratory Center, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (formerly the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms), Ammendale, Maryland 20705-1250, USA. jon.wong@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 20 SP - 6361 EP - 6372 VL - 52 IS - 21 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Morpholines KW - Pesticide Residues KW - dimethomorph KW - 110488-70-5 KW - Carbaryl KW - R890C8J3N1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- analysis KW - Carbaryl -- analysis KW - Morpholines -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Beer -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Edible Grain -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66969791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+determination+of+pesticides+in+malt+beverages+by+capillary+gas+chromatography+with+mass+spectrometry+and+selected+ion+monitoring.&rft.au=Wong%2C+Jon+W%3BWebster%2C+Michael+G%3BBezabeh%2C+Dawit+Z%3BHengel%2C+Mathew+J%3BNgim%2C+Kenley+K%3BKrynitsky%2C+Alexander+J%3BEbeler%2C+Susan+E&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.date=2004-10-20&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=6361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accelerated Approval of Oncology Products: A Decade of Experience AN - 17881194; 6062025 AB - We review the regulatory history of the accelerated approval process and summarize the U.S. Food and Drug Administration experience with accelerated approvals in oncology. The accelerated approval regulations, promulgated in 1992, allow approval of drugs for serious or life-threatening diseases on the basis of a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit, such as survival or symptom benefit, pending completion of studies designed to confirm clinical benefit, referred to as phase 4 commitments, which are required to be conducted with due diligence. From 1992 to 2004, 22 applications involving anticancer drugs or biologics were approved. Of these 22 applications, accelerated approval was granted to 15 on the basis of findings from studies without an active comparator (i.e., single-arm studies or studies comparing two dose levels) and to the remaining seven on the basis of one or more randomized studies. Of the 22 approved applications, six (i.e., applications for dexrazoxane, irinotecan, capecitabine, docetaxel, imatinib mesylate, and oxaliplatin) have had one or more indications converted to regular approval. This review reports information that was presented at an Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee meeting held in March 2003; it also presents a discussion of accelerated approval study designs, the study populations evaluated in the accelerated approval and confirmatory settings, and the integration of accelerated approval into a comprehensive drug development plan. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Dagher, Ramzi AU - Johnson, John AU - Williams, Grant AU - Keegan, Patricia AU - Pazdur, Richard AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD Y1 - 2004/10/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 20 SP - 1500 EP - 1509 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 96 IS - 20 SN - 0027-8874, 0027-8874 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Federal regulations KW - Cancer KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - FDA KW - Drugs KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17881194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Accelerated+Approval+of+Oncology+Products%3A+A+Decade+of+Experience&rft.au=Dagher%2C+Ramzi%3BJohnson%2C+John%3BWilliams%2C+Grant%3BKeegan%2C+Patricia%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Dagher&rft.aufirst=Ramzi&rft.date=2004-10-20&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=1500&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=00278874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Drugs; Historical account; Reviews; Federal regulations; FDA; Cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Considerations in clinical trials of combination antifungal therapy. AN - 67074346; 15546123 AB - The cure rate for serious fungal diseases with currently available agents used as monotherapy is not optimal. The introduction of new classes of antifungal drugs in the last few years naturally leads to the hypothesis that antifungal drugs used in combination may be more effective than the same drugs used alone. The design and interpretation of combination therapy studies raise challenges beyond those encountered when drugs are studied as monotherapy in the treatment of a disease. The definition of combination therapy, the study design, the selection of appropriate patient populations, and the selection of end points, as well as practical considerations, are all important in the design and interpretation of clinical trials of combination therapies. Although combination therapies hold the promise of improved efficacy, it is important to prove this hypothesis, because they also may be associated with increased toxicity and increased drug costs. A careful consideration of study design factors before the initiation of a trial will help obtain the most useful information for patients in this important area. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Powers, John H AD - Antimicrobial Drug Development and Resistance Initiatives, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. powersjoh@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 15 SP - S228 EP - S235 VL - 39 Suppl 4 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Drug Costs KW - Antifungal Agents -- adverse effects KW - Mycoses -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Preventive Medicine KW - Mycoses -- drug therapy KW - Patient Selection KW - Antifungal Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Research Design KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67074346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Considerations+in+clinical+trials+of+combination+antifungal+therapy.&rft.au=Powers%2C+John+H&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-10-15&rft.volume=39+Suppl+4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review and standardization of cell phone exposure calculations using the SAM phantom and anatomically correct head models. AN - 67067429; 15482601 AB - We reviewed articles using computational RF dosimetry to compare the Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) to anatomically correct models of the human head. Published conclusions based on such comparisons have varied widely. We looked for reasons that might cause apparently similar comparisons to produce dissimilar results. We also looked at the information needed to adequately compare the results of computational RF dosimetry studies. We concluded studies were not comparable because of differences in definitions, models, and methodology. Therefore we propose a protocol, developed by an IEEE standards group, as an initial step in alleviating this problem. The protocol calls for a benchmark validation study comparing the SAM phantom to two anatomically correct models of the human head. It also establishes common definitions and reporting requirements that will increase the comparability of all computational RF dosimetry studies of the human head. JF - Biomedical engineering online AU - Beard, Brian B AU - Kainz, Wolfgang AD - Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. brian.beard@fda.hhs.gov Y1 - 2004/10/13/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 13 SP - 34 VL - 3 IS - 1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Computer Simulation KW - Artifacts KW - Ear, External -- anatomy & histology KW - Humans KW - Computational Biology KW - Male KW - Radio Waves KW - Phantoms, Imaging KW - Radiometry -- instrumentation KW - Head KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Cell Phones KW - Radiometry -- standards KW - Models, Anatomic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67067429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomedical+engineering+online&rft.atitle=Review+and+standardization+of+cell+phone+exposure+calculations+using+the+SAM+phantom+and+anatomically+correct+head+models.&rft.au=Beard%2C+Brian+B%3BKainz%2C+Wolfgang&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2004-10-13&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomedical+engineering+online&rft.issn=1475-925X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-11-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Phys Med Biol. 2004 Jan 21;49(2):345-54 [15083675] Health Phys. 1998 Feb;74(2):160-8 [9450585] Health Phys. 1998 Apr;74(4):494-522 [9525427] Phys Med Biol. 2003 Oct 21;48(20):3263-75 [14620057] Phys Med Biol. 2002 May 7;47(9):1501-18 [12043816] Phys Med Biol. 2002 May 21;47(10):1827-35 [12069097] Phys Med Biol. 2003 Oct 7;48(19):3157-70 [14579858] Phys Med Biol. 1994 Oct;39(10):1537-53 [15551530] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postlicensure Safety Surveillance for 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine AN - 18026633; 6048782 AB - CONTEXT: Clinical trials evaluate a vaccine's safety before approval, but some risks may escape detection or adequate characterization until larger population exposures occur after licensure. OBJECTIVE: To summarize reports of events occurring after vaccination with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), including those that may warrant further investigation to assess possible causation by PCV. DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology of reports submitted to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a national passive surveillance database. Setting and Patients United States during first 2 years after licensure of PCV (February 2000 through February 2002). Reports studied were for children younger than 18 years and vaccinated with PCV. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers and proportional distributions of reports. RESULTS: A total of 4154 reports of events following PCV were submitted to VAERS, for a rate of 13.2 reports per 100 000 doses distributed. Multiple vaccines were given in 74.3% of reports.The most frequently reported symptoms and signs included fever, injection site reactions, fussiness, rashes, and urticaria. Serious events were described in 14.6% of reports. There were 117 deaths, 23 reports of positive rechallenges, and 34 cases of invasive pneumococcal infections possibly representing vaccine failure. Immune-mediated events occurred in 31.3% of reports. All 14 patients with anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions survived. Thrombocytopenia developed in 14 patients and serum sickness in 6 others. Neurologic symptoms occurred in 38% of reports. Seizures described in 393 reports included 94 febrile seizures. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of reports to VAERS in the first 2 years after licensure of PCV described generally minor adverse events previously identified in clinical trials. The proportion of reports portraying serious events was similar to that for other vaccines. Although there are important limitations in passive surveillance data, and caution in their interpretation is necessary, symptoms experienced by a few children more than once after successive PCV doses, including allergic reactions, prolonged or abnormal crying, fussiness, dyspnea, and gastrointestinal distress, warrant continued surveillance, as do reports of rare but potentially serious events, such as seizures, anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions, serum sickness, and thrombocytopenia. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Wise, Robert P AU - Iskander, John AU - Pratt, RDouglas AU - Campbell, Scott AU - Ball, Robert AU - Pless, Robert P AU - Braun, MMiles AD - Division of Epidemiology, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD Y1 - 2004/10/13/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 13 SP - 1702 EP - 1710 PB - American Medical Association, 515 N. State St. Chicago IL 60610 USA VL - 292 IS - 14 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - vaccines KW - clinical trials KW - Children KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Epidemiology KW - infection KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18026633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Postlicensure+Safety+Surveillance+for+7-Valent+Pneumococcal+Conjugate+Vaccine&rft.au=Wise%2C+Robert+P%3BIskander%2C+John%3BPratt%2C+RDouglas%3BCampbell%2C+Scott%3BBall%2C+Robert%3BPless%2C+Robert+P%3BBraun%2C+MMiles&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-10-13&rft.volume=292&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1702&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; vaccines; Children; clinical trials; Epidemiology; Mortality; infection ER - TY - RPRT T1 - NATIONAL EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LABORATORIES, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. [Part 1 of 1] T2 - NATIONAL EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LABORATORIES, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. AN - 36368373; 11215-040491_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a National Biocontainment Laboratory (NBL) at the Boston University Medical Center campus in Boston, Massachusetts is proposed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has greatly accelerated its biodefense research program. To meet the nation's biodefense needs, NIAID, in consultation with other experts in the field, developed a strategic plan for addressing emerging infectious diseases and biodefense research. NIAIDs ultimate goal is to develop and improve diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments for diseases caused by infectious agents. Much of this research is conducted in biosafety laboratories. In February 2002, an outside blue ribbon panel of experts provided guidance to NIAID in the form of a strategic plan for biodefense research to accomplish short- and long-term goals for bio defense. The proposed NIAID facility would include Biosafety Level-4 (BSL-4) laboratories in addition to BSL-2 and BSL-3 laboratories, animal rooms, clinical research space, offices, and support space. The NBL would be located at the Boston University Medical Center campus in the South End neighborhood of Boston. The 194,000-square-foot facility would contain state-of-the-art laboratories constructed to NIH safety standards. The facilitywould not be used to develop biological weapons, as such activity s forbidden by federal and international law. The NBL would emphasize comprehensive core research facilities that would enable basic, translational, and clinical research and development on products related to emerging infectious diseases. The facility would contain core support laboratories housing sophisticated facilities, including high-power microscopes, magnetic resonance imaging machines, and diagnostic tools to study new vaccines and drugs to treat infectious diseases. In addition to the proposed action, this draft EIS considers a No Action Alternatives. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The GNL would significantly increase NIAID's research capacity with respect to agents requiring BSL-2, BSL-3, and BSL-4 research space, substantially enhancing NIAID's ability to provide means of dealing with naturally emerging or biotechnologically developed infectious diseases. In addition to its role in federal efforts, the GNL would provide support to state and local public health authorities in the event of a bioterrorist attack or infectious disease emergency. The annual payroll generated by facility operations would amount to $33.0 million, directly generating $72.0 million in overall economic activity. The total annual economic impact of the facility would be $130.5 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Operational water consumption would amount to 45,825 gallons per day, and this consumption level would be matched by peak sewage flows from the site. Though all possible leaks of hazardous materials would be rigorously contained, accidental releases, though highly unlikely, could affect facilitary personnel and members of the local community. LEGAL MANDATES: Project Bioshield Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-276). JF - EPA number: 040491, 187 pages, October 12, 2004 PY - 2004 VL - 1 KW - Defense Programs KW - Biological Agents KW - Buildings KW - Earthquakes KW - Employment KW - Hazardous Materials KW - Health Hazards KW - Health Hazard Analyses KW - Public Health KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Safety Analyses KW - Massachusetts KW - Project Bioshield Act of 2004, Funding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36368373?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-10-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=NATIONAL+EMERGING+INFECTIOUS+DISEASES+LABORATORIES%2C+BOSTON%2C+MASSACHUSETTS.&rft.title=NATIONAL+EMERGING+INFECTIOUS+DISEASES+LABORATORIES%2C+BOSTON%2C+MASSACHUSETTS.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 12, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - NATIONAL EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LABORATORIES, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. AN - 16349182; 11215 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a National Biocontainment Laboratory (NBL) at the Boston University Medical Center campus in Boston, Massachusetts is proposed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has greatly accelerated its biodefense research program. To meet the nation's biodefense needs, NIAID, in consultation with other experts in the field, developed a strategic plan for addressing emerging infectious diseases and biodefense research. NIAIDs ultimate goal is to develop and improve diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments for diseases caused by infectious agents. Much of this research is conducted in biosafety laboratories. In February 2002, an outside blue ribbon panel of experts provided guidance to NIAID in the form of a strategic plan for biodefense research to accomplish short- and long-term goals for bio defense. The proposed NIAID facility would include Biosafety Level-4 (BSL-4) laboratories in addition to BSL-2 and BSL-3 laboratories, animal rooms, clinical research space, offices, and support space. The NBL would be located at the Boston University Medical Center campus in the South End neighborhood of Boston. The 194,000-square-foot facility would contain state-of-the-art laboratories constructed to NIH safety standards. The facilitywould not be used to develop biological weapons, as such activity s forbidden by federal and international law. The NBL would emphasize comprehensive core research facilities that would enable basic, translational, and clinical research and development on products related to emerging infectious diseases. The facility would contain core support laboratories housing sophisticated facilities, including high-power microscopes, magnetic resonance imaging machines, and diagnostic tools to study new vaccines and drugs to treat infectious diseases. In addition to the proposed action, this draft EIS considers a No Action Alternatives. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The GNL would significantly increase NIAID's research capacity with respect to agents requiring BSL-2, BSL-3, and BSL-4 research space, substantially enhancing NIAID's ability to provide means of dealing with naturally emerging or biotechnologically developed infectious diseases. In addition to its role in federal efforts, the GNL would provide support to state and local public health authorities in the event of a bioterrorist attack or infectious disease emergency. The annual payroll generated by facility operations would amount to $33.0 million, directly generating $72.0 million in overall economic activity. The total annual economic impact of the facility would be $130.5 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Operational water consumption would amount to 45,825 gallons per day, and this consumption level would be matched by peak sewage flows from the site. Though all possible leaks of hazardous materials would be rigorously contained, accidental releases, though highly unlikely, could affect facilitary personnel and members of the local community. LEGAL MANDATES: Project Bioshield Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-276). JF - EPA number: 040491, 187 pages, October 12, 2004 PY - 2004 KW - Defense Programs KW - Biological Agents KW - Buildings KW - Earthquakes KW - Employment KW - Hazardous Materials KW - Health Hazards KW - Health Hazard Analyses KW - Public Health KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Safety Analyses KW - Massachusetts KW - Project Bioshield Act of 2004, Funding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16349182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-10-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=NATIONAL+EMERGING+INFECTIOUS+DISEASES+LABORATORIES%2C+BOSTON%2C+MASSACHUSETTS.&rft.title=NATIONAL+EMERGING+INFECTIOUS+DISEASES+LABORATORIES%2C+BOSTON%2C+MASSACHUSETTS.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 12, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-30 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GALVESTON NATIONAL LABORATORY FOR BIODEFENSE AND EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES RESEARCH FACILITY IN GALVESTON, TEXAS. AN - 36420867; 11208 AB - PURPOSE: The provision of a grant to the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) is proposed to partially fund the construction of a National Biocontainment Laboratory (NBL) on the UTMB campus in Galveston, Texas. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has greatly accelerated its biodefense research program. To meet the nation's biodefense needs, NIAID, in consultation with other experts in the field, developed a strategic plan for addressing emerging infectious diseases and biodefense research. NIAIDs ultimate goal is to develop and improve diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments for diseases caused by infectious agents. Much of this research is conducted in biosafety laboratories. In February 2002, an outside panel of experts provided guidance to NIAID indicating the lack of a sufficient amount of Biosafety Level-3 (BSL-3) and BSL-4 space as a significant barrier to progress. A grant was awarded to UTMB on September 30, 2003 by NIAID to partially fund an NBL in Galveston to support NIAID's biodefense research agenda of enhancing national security through the development and evaluation of improved diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines for protection against diseases, including those that could be used by bioterrorists. The proposed NBL, to be known as the Galveston National Laboratory (GNL), would consist of a new reinforced concrete, seven-story building housing BSL-2, BSL-3, and BSL-4 facilities, an Arthropod Containment Level-3 insectary, offices, conference rooms, and support facilities, with an overall new area of 82,411 square feet. GNL construction would begin in the summer of 2005 and continue until the summer of 2008. The total cost of the GNL is estimated at $147.0 million. NIAID would fund approximately $110 million, with UTMB providing the remaining capital under a matching fund arrangement. In addition to the proposed action, this draft EIS considers a No Action Alternative. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The GNL would significantly increase NIAID's research capacity with respect to agents requiring BSL-2, BSL-3, and BSL-4 research space, substantially enhancing NIAID's ability to provide means of dealing with naturally emerging or biotechnologically developed infectious diseases. In addition to its role in federal efforts, the GNL would provide support to state and local public health authorities in the event of a bioterrorist attack or infectious disease emergency. The GNL would generate 270 direct new jobs and 328 jobs in total. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The GNL would occupy one acre within the footprint of the Bail Borden Building, which would be demolished in early 2005. The total construction area of the GNL site would cover 6.9 acres, including a plaza within the 200-foot security perimeter. The facility would lie within a seismically active area known as the Gulf Coast Normal Faults Region. Though all possible leaks of hazardous materials would be rigorously contained, accidental releases, though highly unlikely, could affect facilitary personnel and members of the local community. LEGAL MANDATES: Project Bioshield Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-276). JF - EPA number: 040484, 212 pages and maps, October 8, 2004 PY - 2004 KW - Defense Programs KW - Biological Agents KW - Buildings KW - Earthquakes KW - Employment KW - Hazardous Materials KW - Health Hazards KW - Health Hazard Analyses KW - Public Health KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Safety Analyses KW - Texas KW - Project Bioshield Act of 2004, Funding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36420867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-10-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GALVESTON+NATIONAL+LABORATORY+FOR+BIODEFENSE+AND+EMERGING+INFECTIOUS+DISEASES+RESEARCH+FACILITY+IN+GALVESTON%2C+TEXAS.&rft.title=GALVESTON+NATIONAL+LABORATORY+FOR+BIODEFENSE+AND+EMERGING+INFECTIOUS+DISEASES+RESEARCH+FACILITY+IN+GALVESTON%2C+TEXAS.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 8, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - REVIEW: Toxicities of hemoglobin solutions: in search of in-vitro and in-vivo model systems AN - 745713062; 6597397 AB - Several hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been developed with a rationale focused on exploiting one or more physicochemical properties (e.g., oxygen affinity, molecular weight, viscosity, and colloid osmotic pressure) resulting from the chemical or recombinant modification of hemoglobin (Hb). Several chemically modified Hbs have reached late stages of clinical evaluation in the United States and Canada. These Hbs, in general, demonstrated mixed preclinical safety and efficacy, and reasonable safety in Phase I trials. However, as clinical development shifted into later stages, an undesirable safety and efficacy profile became clear in patient populations studied, and as a result some products were withdrawn from further clinical pursuit. Several questions still remain unanswered regarding the safety of Hb products for their proposed clinical indication(s). For example, 1) were preclinical studies predictive of clinical outcome? And, 2) were the most appropriate preclinical studies performed to predict clinical outcome? The primary objectives of this analysis are to explore prelinical safety issues associated with HBOCs and provide an overview of the in-vitro and in-vivo models employed. The methods for obtaining data to serve as a basis for discussion are compiled from a literature-based survey of safety and efficacy derived from biochemical, cellular, and whole animal assessment of HBOCs. Results from this overview of a vast body of published data may provide a means for identifying critical preclinical safety issues, which may ultimately lead to identification of potential limitations in the effective clinical use of certain HBOCs. JF - Transfusion AU - Buehler, Paul W AU - Alayash, Abdu I AD - Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology; the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, alayash@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 1516 EP - 1530 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 44 IS - 10 SN - 0041-1132, 0041-1132 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Colloids KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Population studies KW - Development KW - Toxicity KW - Osmotic pressure KW - Clinical trials KW - Hemoglobin KW - Oxygen KW - Viscosity KW - Molecular weight KW - Reviews KW - X 24310:Pharmaceuticals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745713062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transfusion&rft.atitle=REVIEW%3A+Toxicities+of+hemoglobin+solutions%3A+in+search+of+in-vitro+and+in-vivo+model+systems&rft.au=Buehler%2C+Paul+W%3BAlayash%2C+Abdu+I&rft.aulast=Buehler&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transfusion&rft.issn=00411132&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1537-2995.2004.04081.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Tables, 4; formulas, 4; references, 152. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Colloids; Physicochemical properties; Population studies; Toxicity; Development; Clinical trials; Osmotic pressure; Hemoglobin; Oxygen; Viscosity; Reviews; Molecular weight DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.04081.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Migration of a UV stabilizer from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into food simulants. AN - 67264666; 15712525 AB - The migration characteristics of the UV stabilizer Tinuvin 234 (2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol) into food simulants has been measured from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using HPLC with UV detection. Ethanol/ water, isooctane and a fractionated coconut oil simulant (Miglyol) were used as food simulating solvents. The migration characteristics were measured at temperatures in the range of 40-70 degrees C. Diffusion coefficients were determined to be in the range of 1 x 10(-14) cm2 s(-1) to 1 x 10(-18) cm2 s(-1). At 40 degrees C, the amount of migration into 95% ethanol after 10 days was 2 microg dm(-2). Isooctane is determined to be a good fatty food simulant that provides similar results for PET to those of fatty foods. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Begley, T H AU - Biles, J E AU - Cunningham, C AU - Piringer, O AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD 20740, USA. timothy.begley@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 1007 EP - 1014 VL - 21 IS - 10 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Polyethylene Terephthalates KW - 0 KW - Triazoles KW - tinuvin KW - 3896-11-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Temperature KW - Triazoles -- chemistry KW - Diffusion KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Polyethylene Terephthalates -- chemistry KW - Food Packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67264666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Migration+of+a+UV+stabilizer+from+polyethylene+terephthalate+%28PET%29+into+food+simulants.&rft.au=Begley%2C+T+H%3BBiles%2C+J+E%3BCunningham%2C+C%3BPiringer%2C+O&rft.aulast=Begley&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1007&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-06-03 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Industries in the United States with airborne beryllium exposure and estimates of the number of current workers potentially exposed. AN - 67220733; 15631056 AB - Estimates of the number of workers in the United States occupationally exposed to beryllium were published in the 1970s and 1980s and ranged from 21,200 to 800,000. We obtained information from several sources to identify specific industries with beryllium exposure and to estimate the number of current workers potentially exposed to beryllium. We spoke with representatives from the primary beryllium industry and government agencies about the number of exposed workers in their facilities. To identify industries in the private sector but outside the primary industry, we used data from the Integrated Management Information System (IMIS), which is managed by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and the Health Hazard Evaluation program of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. We used IMIS data from OSHA inspections with a previously developed algorithm to estimate the number of potentially exposed workers in nonprimary industries. Workers potentially exposed to beryllium included 1500 current employees in the primary beryllium industry and 26,500 individuals currently working for the Department of Energy or the Department of Defense. We identified 108 four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) categories in which at least one measurement of airborne beryllium was > or = 0.1 microg/m3. Based on the subset of 94 SIC categories with beryllium > or = 0.1 microg/m3, we estimated 26,400 to 106,000 workers may be exposed in the private sector (outside the primary industry). In total, there are as many as 134,000 current workers in government and private industry potentially exposed to beryllium in the United States. We recommend that the results of this study be used to target at-risk audiences for hazard communications intended to prevent beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Henneberger, Paul K AU - Goe, Sandra K AU - Miller, William E AU - Doney, Brent AU - Groce, Dennis W AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. pkh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 648 EP - 659 VL - 1 IS - 10 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Beryllium KW - OW5102UV6N KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Private Sector KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Federal Government KW - Immunization KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Berylliosis -- etiology KW - Berylliosis -- epidemiology KW - Industry -- statistics & numerical data KW - Beryllium -- adverse effects KW - Beryllium -- analysis KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67220733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+microbial+pathogens&rft.au=Cebula%2C+T&rft.aulast=Cebula&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Occup Environ Hyg. 2005 Jun;2(6):D48-50 [16020086] J Occup Environ Hyg. 2006 Apr;3(4):D42-3 [16507518] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Median-of-subsets normalization of intensities for cDNA array data. AN - 67165031; 15585123 AB - cDNA arrays allow quantitative measurement of expression levels for thousands of genes simultaneously. The measurements are affected by many sources of variation, and substantial improvements in the precision of estimated effects accompany adjustments for these effects. Two generic nuisance variations, one associated with the magnitude of expression and the other associated with array location, are common in data from filter arrays. Procedures, like normalization using lowess regression, are effective at reducing variation associated with magnitude, and they have been widely adopted. However, variation associated with location has received less attention. Here, a simple, but effective method based on localized median is expounded for dealing with these nuisance effects, and its properties are discussed. The proposed methodology handles location-dependent variation ("splotches") and magnitude-dependent variation (background and/or saturation) effectively. The procedure is related to lowess when implemented to adjust magnitude-dependent variation, and it performs similarly. The proposed methodology is illustrated with data from the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), where treatment differences in levels of mRNA from rat hepatocytes were assessed using 33P-labeled samples hybridized to cDNA spotted arrays. Normalizing intensities by the median-of-subsets removes systematic variation associated with the location of a gene on the array and/or the level of its expression. This procedure is easy to implement using iteratively reweighted least-squares algorithms. Although less sophisticated than lowess, this procedure works nearly as well for normalizing intensities based upon their magnitude. Unlike lowess, it can adjust for location-dependent effects. JF - DNA and cell biology AU - Delongchamp, Robert R AU - Velasco, Cruz AU - Razzaghi, Mehdi AU - Harris, Angela AU - Casciano, Dan AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. rdelongchamp@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 653 EP - 659 VL - 23 IS - 10 SN - 1044-5498, 1044-5498 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67165031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DNA+and+cell+biology&rft.atitle=Median-of-subsets+normalization+of+intensities+for+cDNA+array+data.&rft.au=Delongchamp%2C+Robert+R%3BVelasco%2C+Cruz%3BRazzaghi%2C+Mehdi%3BHarris%2C+Angela%3BCasciano%2C+Dan&rft.aulast=Delongchamp&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=DNA+and+cell+biology&rft.issn=10445498&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene selection for sample classifications in microarray experiments. AN - 67163464; 15585118 AB - DNA microarray technology provides useful tools for profiling global gene expression patterns in different cell/tissue samples. One major challenge is the large number of genes relative to the number of samples. The use of all genes can suppress or reduce the performance of a classification rule due to the noise of nondiscriminatory genes. Selection of an optimal subset from the original gene set becomes an important prestep in sample classification. In this study, we propose a family-wise error (FWE) rate approach to selection of discriminatory genes for two-sample or multiple-sample classification. The FWE approach controls the probability of the number of one or more false positives at a prespecified level. A public colon cancer data set is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach for the two classification methods: k nearest neighbors (k-NN) and support vector machine (SVM). The selected gene sets from the proposed procedure appears to perform better than or comparable to several results reported in the literature using the univariate analysis without performing multivariate search. In addition, we apply the FWE approach to a toxicogenomic data set with nine treatments (a control and eight metals, As, Cd, Ni, Cr, Sb, Pb, Cu, and AsV) for a total of 55 samples for a multisample classification. Two gene sets are considered: the gene set omegaF formed by the ANOVA F-test, and a gene set omegaT formed by the union of one-versus-all t-tests. The predicted accuracies are evaluated using the internal and external crossvalidation. Using the SVM classification, the overall accuracies to predict 55 samples into one of the nine treatments are above 80% for internal crossvalidation. OmegaF has slightly higher accuracy rates than omegaT. The overall predicted accuracies are above 70% for the external crossvalidation; the two gene sets omegaT and omegaF performed equally well. JF - DNA and cell biology AU - Tsai, Chen-An AU - Chen, Chun-Houh AU - Lee, Te-Chang AU - Ho, I-Ching AU - Yang, Ueng-Cheng AU - Chen, James J AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 607 EP - 614 VL - 23 IS - 10 SN - 1044-5498, 1044-5498 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis KW - Selection, Genetic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67163464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DNA+and+cell+biology&rft.atitle=Gene+selection+for+sample+classifications+in+microarray+experiments.&rft.au=Tsai%2C+Chen-An%3BChen%2C+Chun-Houh%3BLee%2C+Te-Chang%3BHo%2C+I-Ching%3BYang%2C+Ueng-Cheng%3BChen%2C+James+J&rft.aulast=Tsai&rft.aufirst=Chen-An&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=DNA+and+cell+biology&rft.issn=10445498&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hexavalent chromium and lung cancer in the chromate industry: a quantitative risk assessment. AN - 67100955; 15563281 AB - The purpose of this investigation was to estimate excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death resulting from occupational exposure to hexavalent-chromium-containing dusts and mists. The mortality experience in a previously studied cohort of 2,357 chromate chemical production workers with 122 lung cancer deaths was analyzed with Poisson regression methods. Extensive records of air samples evaluated for water-soluble total hexavalent chromium were available for the entire employment history of this cohort. Six different models of exposure-response for hexavalent chromium were evaluated by comparing deviances and inspection of cubic splines. Smoking (pack-years) imputed from cigarette use at hire was included in the model. Lifetime risks of lung cancer death from exposure to hexavalent chromium (assuming up to 45 years of exposure) were estimated using an actuarial calculation that accounts for competing causes of death. A linear relative rate model gave a good and readily interpretable fit to the data. The estimated rate ratio for 1 mg/m3-yr of cumulative exposure to hexavalent chromium (as CrO3), with a lag of five years, was RR=2.44 (95% CI=1.54-3.83). The excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death from exposure to hexavalent chromium at the current OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) (0.10 mg/m3) was estimated to be 255 per 1,000 (95% CI: 109-416). This estimate is comparable to previous estimates by U.S. EPA, California EPA, and OSHA using different occupational data. Our analysis predicts that current occupational standards for hexavalent chromium permit a lifetime excess risk of dying of lung cancer that exceeds 1 in 10, which is consistent with previous risk assessments. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Park, Robert M AU - Bena, James F AU - Stayner, Leslie T AU - Smith, Randall J AU - Gibb, Herman J AU - Lees, Peter S J AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. rhp9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 1099 EP - 1108 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Biometry KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Chromium -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67100955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Hexavalent+chromium+and+lung+cancer+in+the+chromate+industry%3A+a+quantitative+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Park%2C+Robert+M%3BBena%2C+James+F%3BStayner%2C+Leslie+T%3BSmith%2C+Randall+J%3BGibb%2C+Herman+J%3BLees%2C+Peter+S+J&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1099&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Radiation doses in pediatric radiology: influence of regulations and standards. AN - 67094320; 15558268 AB - The benefits of x-ray examinations contribute to the quality of modern medicine; however the risk of using x-rays, a carcinogen, has always been a concern. This concern is heightened for pediatric patients, who have a much greater sensitivity to the carcinogenic effects of radiation than adults. The principle of as low as reasonably achievable, or ALARA, is essential for minimizing the radiation dose patients receive, especially for pediatric patients. In order to keep radiation doses ALARA, one must know the dose patients receive. The determination of radiation dose in a standard way is therefore necessary so that these doses can be compared with practice, and for meaningful comparison against voluntary standards. In extreme situations, where public health needs may require mandatory standards, or regulations, the quantitative measurement and calculation of radiation dose becomes essential. How some radiation dose metrics and standards have evolved, including the value of different metrics such as entrance air kerma, organ dose, and effective dose will be presented. Recent pediatric x-ray studies, whether or not dedicated pediatric equipment is necessary, and recent initiatives by the Food and Drug Administration for pediatric population will be discussed. JF - Pediatric radiology AU - Suleiman, O H Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - S242 EP - S246 VL - 34 Suppl 3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Radiation Tolerance KW - Child KW - Radiography -- standards KW - Radiation Dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67094320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pediatric+radiology&rft.atitle=Radiation+doses+in+pediatric+radiology%3A+influence+of+regulations+and+standards.&rft.au=Suleiman%2C+O+H&rft.aulast=Suleiman&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=34+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatric+radiology&rft.issn=03010449&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An IAQ overview. Increasing ventilation is a fundamental method to reduce concentrations of several substances of concern. AN - 67075560; 15553419 JF - Occupational health & safety (Waco, Tex.) AU - Williams, Don AD - Indian Health Service, USPHS, Tucson, Ariz., USA. donald.williams@mail.ihs.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 66 EP - 71, 93, 96 VL - 73 IS - 10 SN - 0362-4064, 0362-4064 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Housing KW - Environmental Health KW - Humans KW - Fungi KW - Construction Materials KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Household Products KW - Ventilation KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67075560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+health+%26+safety+%28Waco%2C+Tex.%29&rft.atitle=An+IAQ+overview.+Increasing+ventilation+is+a+fundamental+method+to+reduce+concentrations+of+several+substances+of+concern.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Don&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Don&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+health+%26+safety+%28Waco%2C+Tex.%29&rft.issn=03624064&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid for genotoxicity in the mouse micronucleus assay. AN - 67064507; 15542759 AB - Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is an endogenous compound found in the brain and other tissues of mammals. Neurotransmitter/neuromodulator functions have been ascribed to GHB, which has lately become a drug of abuse. In this study, we tested GHB for genotoxicity by measuring its ability to induce micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (reticulocytes) in the peripheral blood of mice. Intraperitoneal injection with a dose of 25 mg/kg/day for 3 days or 50 mg/kg/day x 3 days resulted in a significant (by Dunnett's test) increase of 1.9- to 2.1-fold in micronuclei. However, because increases were small and because no consistent dose-dependent increase in induced micronuclear frequency could be demonstrated, our results do not conclusively show that GHB is an in vivo genotoxicant in mammals. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Dass, S Balachandra AU - Ali, Syed F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 538 EP - 542 VL - 1025 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Hydroxybutyrates KW - 0 KW - 4-hydroxybutyric acid KW - 30IW36W5B2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods KW - Male KW - Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective -- drug effects KW - Micronucleus Tests -- methods KW - Hydroxybutyrates -- toxicity KW - Micronucleus Tests -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67064507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+gamma-hydroxybutyric+acid+for+genotoxicity+in+the+mouse+micronucleus+assay.&rft.au=Dass%2C+S+Balachandra%3BAli%2C+Syed+F&rft.aulast=Dass&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=1025&rft.issue=&rft.spage=538&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid induction of protective tolerance to potential terrorist agents: a systematic review of low- and ultra-low dose research. AN - 67062863; 15532694 AB - To systematically review the literature on the ability of low-dose (LD) and ultra-low-dose (ULD) toxin exposure to prevent and treat biological and chemical threats. Laboratory research articles on protection or treatment from LD or ULD exposure for the 13 high-risk chemical and biological warfare threats were collected and systematically evaluated for quantity and scientific quality using pre-defined methodological criteria. Over 2600 articles were screened. Only five studies met the inclusion criteria examining stimulation and protective effects of LD- or ULD-exposures to the 13 pre-identified biological and chemical agents. The quality evaluation (QE) of these studies was above average with a mean QE score of 70.6% of maximum. Two articles of fair to good quality reported both protective and treatment efficacy from exposure of animals or humans to LD- and ULD-exposures to toxins of risk in biochemical warfare. There is little research on agents of biological and chemical warfare investigating the possible use of LD- and ULD-toxins for protection and treatment. The existing literature is generally of good quality and indicates that rapid induction of protective tolerance is a feasible but under-investigated approach to bioterrorist or biowarfare defense. In our opinion, further research into the role of induced protection with LD- and ULD-toxic agents is needed. JF - Homeopathy : the journal of the Faculty of Homeopathy AU - Szeto, A L AU - Rollwagen, F AU - Jonas, W B AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 173 EP - 178 VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 1475-4916, 1475-4916 KW - Chemical Warfare Agents KW - 0 KW - Protective Agents KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Disaster Planning -- methods KW - Research Design KW - Chemical Warfare Agents -- metabolism KW - Protective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Homeopathy -- methods KW - Bioterrorism -- prevention & control KW - Biological Warfare -- prevention & control KW - Chemical Warfare -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67062863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Homeopathy+%3A+the+journal+of+the+Faculty+of+Homeopathy&rft.atitle=Rapid+induction+of+protective+tolerance+to+potential+terrorist+agents%3A+a+systematic+review+of+low-+and+ultra-low+dose+research.&rft.au=Szeto%2C+A+L%3BRollwagen%2C+F%3BJonas%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Szeto&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Homeopathy+%3A+the+journal+of+the+Faculty+of+Homeopathy&rft.issn=14754916&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blockade of mesolimbic dopamine D3 receptors inhibits stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking in rats. AN - 66964991; 15083257 AB - The dopamine (DA) D3 receptor is preferentially expressed in the mesolimbic system. We have previously shown that selective D3 receptor blockade by the novel D3 antagonist SB-277011A inhibits cocaine's reinforcing action and cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. In the present study, we investigated whether SB-277011A similarly inhibits stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. Rats were allowed to self-administer cocaine (0.5 mg/kg per infusion, 3 h per session) for 10-14 days, followed by a once-daily extinction session for 7-14 days during which saline was substituted for cocaine. Extinction criteria were fewer than ten lever-presses per 3-h session for at least 3 consecutive days. After cocaine-seeking behavior was extinguished, each animal was tested twice for footshock-stress-induced reinstatement, once with vehicle (25% hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin) and once with one of three doses of SB-277011A in counterbalanced fashion. During the last 3 days of cocaine self-administration (SA), active lever-presses were approximately 100 per session under fixed-ratio 2 reinforcement (approximately 25 mg/kg cocaine per session). After extinction, intermittent footshock (10 min, 0.5 mA, 0.5 s on with a mean inter-shock interval of 40 s) robustly reinstated the cocaine-seeking behavior (8.4+/-3.6 active lever-presses in last extinction session to 35.3+/-5.2 in animals after footshock stress). Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of SB-277011A (3, 6, and 12 mg/kg) dose-dependently blocked stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking. Reinstatement was also blocked by microinjections of SB-277011A (1.5 microg/0.5 microl per side) bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens, but not into the dorsal striatum. The mesolimic DA D3 receptor plays an important role in mediating stress-induced reinstatement. JF - Psychopharmacology AU - Xi, Zheng-Xiong AU - Gilbert, Jeremy AU - Campos, Arlene C AU - Kline, Nicole AU - Ashby, Charles R AU - Hagan, Jim J AU - Heidbreder, Christian A AU - Gardner, Eliot L AD - Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. zxi@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 57 EP - 65 VL - 176 IS - 1 SN - 0033-3158, 0033-3158 KW - Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Drd3 protein, rat KW - Nitriles KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 KW - Receptors, Dopamine D3 KW - SB 277011 KW - Tetrahydroisoquinolines KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Tetrahydroisoquinolines -- therapeutic use KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome -- complications KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Conditioning, Operant -- physiology KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- ultrastructure KW - Rats KW - Self Administration -- methods KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Extinction, Psychological -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Nitriles -- pharmacology KW - Infusions, Intravenous KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- drug effects KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Reinforcement (Psychology) KW - Tetrahydroisoquinolines -- pharmacology KW - Extinction, Psychological -- physiology KW - Microinjections KW - Nitriles -- therapeutic use KW - Cocaine -- administration & dosage KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- physiology KW - Cocaine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Stress, Psychological -- physiopathology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 -- physiology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Secondary Prevention KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Stress, Psychological -- prevention & control KW - Stress, Psychological -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66964991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Blockade+of+mesolimbic+dopamine+D3+receptors+inhibits+stress-induced+reinstatement+of+cocaine-seeking+in+rats.&rft.au=Xi%2C+Zheng-Xiong%3BGilbert%2C+Jeremy%3BCampos%2C+Arlene+C%3BKline%2C+Nicole%3BAshby%2C+Charles+R%3BHagan%2C+Jim+J%3BHeidbreder%2C+Christian+A%3BGardner%2C+Eliot+L&rft.aulast=Xi&rft.aufirst=Zheng-Xiong&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Behav Pharmacol. 2002 Sep;13(5-6):355-66 [12394411] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002 Oct;163(3-4):265-82 [12373428] Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Feb;28(2):329-38 [12589386] Synapse. 2003 Jun 1;48(3):154-6 [12645041] Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Jul;28(7):1272-80 [12700694] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Jul;168(1-2):3-20 [12402102] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Jul;168(1-2):21-30 [12695875] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Jul;168(1-2):31-41 [12721778] J Med Chem. 2003 Aug 28;46(18):3822-39 [12930145] Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Feb 18;43(4):659-66 [1347215] Brain Res. 1991 Nov 15;564(2):203-19 [1839781] J Psychoactive Drugs. 1992 Apr-Jun;24(2):213-22 [1507002] J Neurochem. 1993 Feb;60(2):602-12 [7678287] Neuroscience. 1993 Apr;53(3):695-703 [7683777] Science. 1993 Jun 18;260(5115):1814-6 [8099761] Brain Res. 1993 Sep 3;621(1):65-70 [8221074] Eur J Neurosci. 1993 Feb 1;5(2):145-53 [8261096] Addiction. 1994 Nov;89(11):1559-63 [7841871] Brain Res. 1995 Mar 27;675(1-2):325-8 [7796146] Neuroscience. 1995 Apr;65(3):731-45 [7609872] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1995 Jun;119(3):334-41 [7675970] Mol Neurobiol. 1995 Aug-Dec;11(1-3):1-19 [8561954] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1996 Apr;124(4):306-14 [8739545] Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1996 Apr;6(2):243-51 [8725967] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1996 May;125(1):13-22 [8724444] J Neurochem. 1996 Sep;67(3):1078-89 [8752115] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1996 Jun;125(4):385-91 [8826544] J Neurosci. 1997 Apr 1;17(7):2605-14 [9065520] Neuroreport. 1997 Jul 7;8(9-10):2373-7 [9243643] Pharmacol Rev. 1997 Sep;49(3):231-52 [9311022] Science. 1997 Oct 3;278(5335):66-70 [9311929] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999 Mar;142(3):221-9 [10208313] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999 Mar;142(4):343-51 [10229058] Nature. 1999 Jul 22;400(6742):371-5 [10432116] Addiction. 1999 Mar;94(3):327-40 [10605857] Eur J Neurosci. 2000 Jan;12(1):292-302 [10651884] J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2000 Mar;25(2):125-36 [10740986] Eur Psychiatry. 2000 Mar;15(2):140-6 [10881212] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Sep;294(3):1154-65 [10945872] Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2000 Aug;33(1):13-33 [10967352] Eur J Pharmacol. 2000 Oct 27;407(1-2):47-51 [11050289] Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2000 Sep;1(1):110-5 [11249586] Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001 Feb;2(2):119-28 [11252991] Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Jul 20;424(2):85-90 [11476753] Xenobiotica. 2001 Aug-Sep;31(8-9):677-86 [11569533] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 Dec;158(4):343-59 [11797055] Pharmacol Rev. 2002 Mar;54(1):1-42 [11870259] Biosci Rep. 2001 Jun;21(3):247-69 [11892993] Biol Psychiatry. 2002 May 15;51(10):775-87 [12007451] J Neurosci. 2002 Jul 1;22(13):5713-8 [12097523] J Neurosci. 2002 Nov 1;22(21):9595-603 [12417684] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antiinflammatory triterpenoid saponins from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis. AN - 66934228; 15467246 AB - Phytochemical study of the ethanol extract of the seeds of Aesculus chinensis led to the isolation of a new triterpenoid saponin (6), together with five known triterpenoid saponins (1-5). The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of spectral data to be 21,28-di-O-acetylprotoaescigenin-3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-2)][beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (aesculiside A, 6). The antiinflammatory activities of the four main saponins (1-4) were compared with those of total saponin extracts, and single saponins showed more potent activity than total saponin extracts in mice. JF - Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin AU - Wei, Feng AU - Ma, Lin-Yun AU - Jin, Wen-Tao AU - Ma, Shuang-Cheng AU - Han, Guo-Zhu AU - Khan, Ikhlas Ahmad AU - Lin, Rui-Chao AD - Division of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Products, National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, Peoples's Republic of China. hograwei@hotmail.com Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 1246 EP - 1248 VL - 52 IS - 10 SN - 0009-2363, 0009-2363 KW - 21,28-di-O-acetylprotoaescigenin-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-2)9beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-4))-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid KW - 0 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents KW - Plant Extracts KW - Saponins KW - Triterpenes KW - Xylenes KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Edema -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Seeds KW - Xylenes -- adverse effects KW - Mice KW - Edema -- drug therapy KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents -- chemistry KW - Triterpenes -- chemistry KW - Saponins -- chemistry KW - Saponins -- pharmacology KW - Aesculus KW - Triterpenes -- pharmacology KW - Triterpenes -- isolation & purification KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents -- isolation & purification KW - Saponins -- isolation & purification KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66934228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+%26+pharmaceutical+bulletin&rft.atitle=Antiinflammatory+triterpenoid+saponins+from+the+seeds+of+Aesculus+chinensis.&rft.au=Wei%2C+Feng%3BMa%2C+Lin-Yun%3BJin%2C+Wen-Tao%3BMa%2C+Shuang-Cheng%3BHan%2C+Guo-Zhu%3BKhan%2C+Ikhlas+Ahmad%3BLin%2C+Rui-Chao&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=Feng&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+%26+pharmaceutical+bulletin&rft.issn=00092363&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory protection against bioaerosols: literature review and research needs. AN - 66924438; 15454893 AB - Research on respiratory protection against biologic agents is important to address major concerns such as occupational safety and terrorist attack. This review describes the literature on respiratory protection against bioaerosols and identifies research gaps. Respiratory protection is a complex field involving a number of factors, such as the efficiency of respirator filter material; face-piece fitting; and maintenance, storage, and reuse of respirators. Several studies used nonpathogenic microorganisms having physical characteristics similar to that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to analyze microbial penetration through respirators. Some studies showed that high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) and N95 filters provided a higher level of protection than dust/mist (DM) and dust/mist/fume (DMF) filters. Flow rate and relative humidity appear to alter the level of penetration of microorganisms through respirator filters. The relationship between microbial penetration through respirator filters and the aerodynamic diameter, length, or other physical characteristics of microorganisms remains controversial. Whether reaerosolization of bioaerosol particles should be a concern is unclear, given the fact that one study has demonstrated significant reaerosolization of 1- to 5-microm particles loaded onto respirator filters. Respirator maintenance, storage, and decontamination are important factors to be considered when reusing respirators. The respiratory protection against biologic warfare agents such as anthrax in military and civilian situations is described. JF - American journal of infection control AU - Rengasamy, Appavoo AU - Zhuang, Ziqing AU - Berryann, Roland AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Bruceton, Pa 15236, USA. rda5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 345 EP - 354 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0196-6553, 0196-6553 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Humans KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional KW - Particle Size KW - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary -- transmission KW - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary -- prevention & control KW - Decontamination KW - Needs Assessment KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Air Microbiology KW - Research KW - Female KW - Male KW - Occupational Health KW - Communicable Disease Control -- methods KW - Aerosols -- adverse effects KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- trends KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66924438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+infection+control&rft.atitle=Respiratory+protection+against+bioaerosols%3A+literature+review+and+research+needs.&rft.au=Rengasamy%2C+Appavoo%3BZhuang%2C+Ziqing%3BBerryann%2C+Roland&rft.aulast=Rengasamy&rft.aufirst=Appavoo&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+infection+control&rft.issn=01966553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupation and bladder cancer risk in a population-based case-control study in New Hampshire. AN - 66924276; 15456989 AB - To identify occupations with excess bladder cancer risk in New Hampshire, where bladder cancer mortality rates have been elevated for decades. Lifetime occupational histories were obtained from interviews with 424 cases and 645 controls in a population-based case-control study. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (Ors) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each occupation, adjusted for age and smoking. Analyses by duration of employment were carried out and interactions with smoking were examined. Male tractor-trailer truck drivers had an elevated risk for bladder cancer (OR = 2.4, CI = 1.4-4.1), with a significant positive trend in risk with increasing duration of employment (P (trend) = 0.0003). Male metal/plastic processing machine operators also had a significant excess (OR = 4.9, CI = 1.6-15.1), attributable mainly to molding/casting machine operators (OR = 16.6, CI = 2.1-131). Elevated risk was also observed for male fabricators, assemblers, and hand workers (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.0-3.4). Women in certain sales occupations (sales clerks, counter clerks, and cashiers) had a significant excess risk (OR = 2.2, CI = 1.3-3.9) and a significant trend with duration of employment (P (trend) = 0.016), as did female health service workers (OR = 4.1, CI = 1.6-10.7; P (trend) = 0.014). There was a positive interaction between smoking and employment as a health service worker (p = 0.036). These findings are generally consistent with previous studies. Elevated risks for male molding/casting machine operators, female salesworkers, and female health service workers, especially those with a history of smoking, require further investigation. JF - Cancer causes & control : CCC AU - Colt, Joanne S AU - Baris, Dalsu AU - Stewart, Patricia AU - Schned, Alan R AU - Heaney, John A AU - Mott, Leila A AU - Silverman, Debra AU - Karagas, Margaret AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Occupational And Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA. coltj@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 759 EP - 769 VL - 15 IS - 8 SN - 0957-5243, 0957-5243 KW - Index Medicus KW - New Hampshire -- epidemiology KW - Sex Factors KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Registries -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66924276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.atitle=Occupation+and+bladder+cancer+risk+in+a+population-based+case-control+study+in+New+Hampshire.&rft.au=Colt%2C+Joanne+S%3BBaris%2C+Dalsu%3BStewart%2C+Patricia%3BSchned%2C+Alan+R%3BHeaney%2C+John+A%3BMott%2C+Leila+A%3BSilverman%2C+Debra%3BKaragas%2C+Margaret&rft.aulast=Colt&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.issn=09575243&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The incidence of Kaposi sarcoma among injection drug users with AIDS in the United States. AN - 66906046; 15385736 AB - Some studies report increased prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), among injection drug users (IDUs), suggesting that HHV-8 may be transmitted through blood-borne or other exposures common in this population. Since an elevated HHV-8 prevalence in IDUs would likely lead to increased KS incidence, KS incidence was studied in IDUs and non-IDU's with AIDS. AIDS-related KS cases were identified using linked US AIDS and cancer registry data for 25,891 women, 47,782 heterosexual men, and 90,616 men who have sex with men (MSM). KS arose in 7099 persons with AIDS. KS incidence was highest for MSM (5.7 per 100 person-years), substantially lower for heterosexual men (0.7 per 100 person-years), and lowest for women (0.4 per 100 person-years). After adjustment for age, race, registry location, and year of AIDS onset, relative risks for KS associated with injection drug use were 1.3 (95% CI, 0.9-1.8) among women, 1.1 (0.7-1.6) among heterosexual men, and 0.9 (0.8-0.9) among MSM. It is concluded that injection drug use was not associated with an increased risk of AIDS-related KS. Thus, these data suggest that IDUs' risk of acquiring HHV-8, through needle sharing or other behaviors related to injection drug use, is low. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Atkinson, Jonnae O AU - Biggar, Robert J AU - Goedert, James J AU - Engels, Eric A AD - Viral Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/10/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 01 SP - 1282 EP - 1287 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Herpesvirus 8, Human -- isolation & purification KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- immunology KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- virology KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- epidemiology KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66906046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=The+incidence+of+Kaposi+sarcoma+among+injection+drug+users+with+AIDS+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Atkinson%2C+Jonnae+O%3BBiggar%2C+Robert+J%3BGoedert%2C+James+J%3BEngels%2C+Eric+A&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Jonnae&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-11-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wild-type and attenuated influenza virus infection of the neonatal rat brain. AN - 66905984; 15385253 AB - Although influenza virus infection of humans has been associated with a wide spectrum of clinical neurological syndromes, the pathogenesis of influenza virus associated central nervous system (CNS) disease in humans remains controversial. To better study influenza virus neuropathogenesis, an animal model of influenza-associated CNS disease using human virus isolates without adaptation to an animal host was developed. This neonatal rat model of influenza virus CNS infection was developed using low-passage human isolates and shows outcomes in specific brain regions, cell types infected, and neuropathological outcomes that parallel the available literature on cases of human CNS infection. The degree of virus replication and spread in the rat brain correlated with the strains' neurotoxicity potential for humans. In addition, using sensitive neurobehavioral test paradigms, changes in brain function were found to be associated with areas of virus replication in neurons. These data suggest that further evaluation of this pathogenesis model may provide important information regarding influenza virus neuropathogenesis, and that this model may have possible utility as a preclinical assay for evaluating the neurological safety of new live attenuated influenza virus vaccine strains. JF - Journal of neurovirology AU - Rubin, Steven AU - Liu, Dong AU - Pletnikov, Mikhail AU - McCullers, Jonathan AU - Ye, Zhiping AU - Levandowski, Roland AU - Johannessen, Jan AU - Carbone, Kathryn AD - DVP/OVRR/CBER/FDA, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. rubins@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 305 EP - 314 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1355-0284, 1355-0284 KW - Vaccines, Attenuated KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred Lew KW - Orthomyxoviridae -- immunology KW - Orthomyxoviridae -- physiology KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Vaccines, Attenuated -- immunology KW - Brain -- virology KW - Vaccines, Attenuated -- metabolism KW - Neurons -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66905984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neurovirology&rft.atitle=Wild-type+and+attenuated+influenza+virus+infection+of+the+neonatal+rat+brain.&rft.au=Rubin%2C+Steven%3BLiu%2C+Dong%3BPletnikov%2C+Mikhail%3BMcCullers%2C+Jonathan%3BYe%2C+Zhiping%3BLevandowski%2C+Roland%3BJohannessen%2C+Jan%3BCarbone%2C+Kathryn&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neurovirology&rft.issn=13550284&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of mammary gland tumors by short-term treatment of estradiol-3-benzoate associated with down-regulation of estrogen receptor ERalpha and ERbeta. AN - 66888678; 15375486 AB - Epidemiological evidence indicates that estrogens are one of the risk factors of breast cancer. However, there have been reports that pre-pubertal estrogen exposure is related to reduced breast cancer risk. These discrepancies made us investigate the time-point and duration of estrogen exposure. Our studies focus on the effect of estradiol-3-benzoate (EB) on the mammary gland that was exposed to carcinogens. Ninety-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Animals at 7 weeks of age were injected with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in groups 1, 2 and 3 or N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in groups 4, 5 and 6. One week later, the animals were subjected to sustained treatment with 0 micro g (groups 1 and 4), 30 micro g (groups 2 and 5) or 300 micro g (groups 3 and 6) of EB containing pellets for 4 weeks. All animals were sacrificed at 5 weeks or 21 weeks after carcinogen treatment, for the examination of mammary gland differentiation or mammary gland tumors, respectively. At 21 weeks after carcinogen treatment, the incidence of mammary tumors in group 2 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). EB treatment decreased the multiplicity of DMBA- or MNU-induced mammary gland tumors. At 5 weeks after carcinogen treatment, there were increased branchings of the mammary gland, and there was also a decrease of ERalpha and ERbeta in EB treatment groups. Taken together with these results, we conclude that EB has an inhibitory effect on mammary carcinogenesis, and it suggests that this inhibition may be associated with the differentiation of mammary gland and modulation of ERalpha and ERbeta. JF - Oncology reports AU - Kang, Jin Seok AU - Kim, Seyl AU - Che, Jeong-Hwan AU - Nam, Ki Taek AU - Kim, Dae Joong AU - Jang, Dong Deuk AU - Yang, Ki-Hwa AD - National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. kang@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 689 EP - 693 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 1021-335X, 1021-335X KW - Alkylating Agents KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Estrogen Receptor alpha KW - Estrogen Receptor beta KW - estradiol 3-benzoate KW - 1S4CJB5ZGN KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Methylnitrosourea KW - 684-93-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Down-Regulation KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- metabolism KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - Methylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- growth & development KW - Alkylating Agents -- toxicity KW - Cell Differentiation -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Estradiol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Estradiol -- therapeutic use KW - Estrogen Receptor alpha -- metabolism KW - Estrogen Receptor beta -- metabolism KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66888678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncology+reports&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+mammary+gland+tumors+by+short-term+treatment+of+estradiol-3-benzoate+associated+with+down-regulation+of+estrogen+receptor+ERalpha+and+ERbeta.&rft.au=Kang%2C+Jin+Seok%3BKim%2C+Seyl%3BChe%2C+Jeong-Hwan%3BNam%2C+Ki+Taek%3BKim%2C+Dae+Joong%3BJang%2C+Dong+Deuk%3BYang%2C+Ki-Hwa&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=Jin&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oncology+reports&rft.issn=1021335X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutant nicastrin protein can induce the cytochrome c release and the Bax expression. AN - 66884921; 15370186 AB - This study investigated whether nicastrin can induce apoptotic cell death in SK-N-MC cells. MTT assays revealed the transfected cells expressing mutant nicastrin, compared with those expressing wild nicastrin or the control vector, showing significantly increased cell death. The mutant nicastrin transfectants were also observed to induce cytosolic cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, and Bax protein expression in response, to increased cell death. These observations suggested that nicastrin, as well as the APP and PS proteins, were also involved in the upregulated Bax mediated neuroblastoma cell death and the release of cytochrome c in the neuroblastoma. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Hwang, Dae Y AU - Kim, Yong K AU - Lim, Chul J AU - Cho, Jung S AD - Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Korea FDA, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Seoul, Korea. dyhwang@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 1277 EP - 1289 VL - 114 IS - 10 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - BAX protein, human KW - 0 KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 KW - Tetrazolium Salts KW - Thiazoles KW - bcl-2-Associated X Protein KW - nicastrin protein KW - Cytochromes c KW - 9007-43-6 KW - Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - thiazolyl blue KW - EUY85H477I KW - Index Medicus KW - Cell Death -- physiology KW - DNA Mutational Analysis -- methods KW - Humans KW - Blotting, Western -- methods KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Neuroblastoma KW - Transfection -- methods KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed -- physiology KW - Mitochondria -- metabolism KW - Cell Survival -- physiology KW - Cytochromes c -- metabolism KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- physiology KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Mutation KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66884921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Mutant+nicastrin+protein+can+induce+the+cytochrome+c+release+and+the+Bax+expression.&rft.au=Hwang%2C+Dae+Y%3BKim%2C+Yong+K%3BLim%2C+Chul+J%3BCho%2C+Jung+S&rft.aulast=Hwang&rft.aufirst=Dae&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Redox active hemoglobin enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced injury to cultured bovine endothelial cells. AN - 66877026; 15205170 AB - The interaction of cell-free hemoglobin with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is thought to aggravate the pathophysiology of sepsis and/or septic shock. This study examines the possible modulatory role of cell-free hemoglobin on LPS-induced apoptosis of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Experiments were performed with or without fetal bovine serum, a source of LPS-binding protein and soluble CD14. In the absence of serum, LPS alone or coincubated with purified bovine hemoglobin (BvHb), human hemoglobin (Hb), or alpha-cross-linked Hb (alphaalphaHb) did not induce apoptosis. In the presence of serum, LPS induced significant apoptosis. LPS combined with BvHb, Hb, or alphaalphaHb produced the same extent of apoptosis as LPS alone. To examine whether the H(2)O(2)-driven redox activity of hemoglobin alters LPS-induced apoptosis, glucose oxidase was added to the system to generate a subtoxic flux of H(2)O(2). The combined treatment of LPS, glucose oxidase, and BvHb, Hb, or alphaalphaHb enhanced apoptosis compared with LPS alone. These findings support a possible mechanism whereby the redox cycling of hemoglobin, and not its direct interaction with LPS, contributes to the hemoglobin-mediated enhancement of LPS-related pathophysiology. JF - American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology AU - D'Agnillo, Felice AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 29 Lincoln Drive, Bldg. 29, Rm. 129, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. dagnillo@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - H1875 EP - H1882 VL - 287 IS - 4 SN - 0363-6135, 0363-6135 KW - Blood Proteins KW - 0 KW - Hemoglobins KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Oxidants KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - CASP3 protein, human KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspases KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Oxidants -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cell Cycle -- physiology KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Aorta -- cytology KW - Blood Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Caspases -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- drug effects KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- cytology KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66877026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+physiology.+Heart+and+circulatory+physiology&rft.atitle=Redox+active+hemoglobin+enhances+lipopolysaccharide-induced+injury+to+cultured+bovine+endothelial+cells.&rft.au=D%27Agnillo%2C+Felice&rft.aulast=D%27Agnillo&rft.aufirst=Felice&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=287&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=H1875&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+physiology.+Heart+and+circulatory+physiology&rft.issn=03636135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human carcinogenic risk evaluation, Part III: Assessing cancer hazard and risk in human drug development. AN - 66867313; 15141097 AB - Assessing cancer risk for human pharmaceuticals is important because drugs are taken at pharmacologically active doses and often on a chronic basis. Epidemiologic studies on patient populations have limited value because of the long latency period for most cancers and because these studies lack sensitivity. The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration relies on short-term surrogate assays (genetic toxicology studies) to assess risk to patients involved in clinical trials and on rodent carcinogenicity studies to assess cancer risk for drug approval. Unlike some other agencies that typically perform quantitative risk assessments on chemical pollutants or pesticide products, CDER does not perform such quantitative extrapolations. Rather, the evaluation of risk is the result of an integrated assessment of what is known about the drug, and risk is considered in the context of the clinical benefit. Mode of action of carcinogenesis and thresholds for effects are important considerations. The results of carcinogenicity studies of approved products are published in the drug labeling and individual clinicians balance risk and benefit in making prescribing decisions. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Jacobs, Abigail AU - Jacobson-Kram, David AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. abigail.jacobs@fdahhs.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 260 EP - 262 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic KW - Pharmacology KW - Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Risk Assessment KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66867313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Human+carcinogenic+risk+evaluation%2C+Part+III%3A+Assessing+cancer+hazard+and+risk+in+human+drug+development.&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+Abigail%3BJacobson-Kram%2C+David&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Abigail&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental neurotoxicity of ketamine: morphometric confirmation, exposure parameters, and multiple fluorescent labeling of apoptotic neurons. AN - 66866540; 15254342 AB - Ketamine is a widely used pediatric anesthetic recently reported (C. Ikonomidou et al., 1999, Science 283, 70-74) to enhance neuronal death in neonatal rats. To confirm and extend these results, we treated four groups of PND 7 rats with seven sc doses, one every 90 min, of either saline, 10 mg/kg ketamine, 20 mg/kg ketamine, or a single dose of 20 mg/kg ketamine. The repeated doses of 20 mg/kg ketamine increased the number of silver-positive (degenerating) neurons in the dorsolateral thalamus to a degree comparable to previous results (Ikonomidou et al., 1999, Science 283, 70-74), i.e., 28-fold vs. 31-fold respectively. However, blood levels of ketamine immediately after the repeated 20 mg/kg doses were about 14 micrograms/ml, about seven-fold greater than anesthetic blood levels in humans (J. M. Malinovsky et al., 1996, Br. J. Anaesth. 77, 203-207; R. A. Mueller and R. Hunt, 1998, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 60, 15-22). Levels of ketamine in blood following exposure to the multiple 10 mg/kg doses of ketamine or to a single 20 mg/kg dose ranged around 2-5 micrograms/ml; although these blood levels are close to an anesthetic level in humans, they failed to produce neurodegeneration. To investigate the mode of ketamine-induced neuronal death, coronal sections were stained with both Fluoro-Jade B (a green fluorescent stain selective for neurodegeneration) and DAPI (a blue DNA stain), as well as for caspase-3 (using an antisera labeled red with rhodamine). These histochemical results confirmed the developmental neurotoxicity of ketamine, demonstrated that Fluoro-Jade B (FJ-B), like silver methods, successfully stained degenerating neurons in neonatal rats, and indicated that ketamine acts by increasing the rate of neuronal apoptosis. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Scallet, A C AU - Schmued, L C AU - Slikker, W AU - Grunberg, N AU - Faustino, P J AU - Davis, H AU - Lester, D AU - Pine, P S AU - Sistare, F AU - Hanig, J P AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. AScallet@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 364 EP - 370 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Fluoresceins KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Organic Chemicals KW - fluoro jade KW - Ketamine KW - 690G0D6V8H KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Brain Chemistry -- drug effects KW - Thalamus -- pathology KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Silver Staining KW - Female KW - Male KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Ketamine -- toxicity KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists -- blood KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Nervous System -- growth & development KW - Nervous System -- pathology KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- pathology KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Ketamine -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66866540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Developmental+neurotoxicity+of+ketamine%3A+morphometric+confirmation%2C+exposure+parameters%2C+and+multiple+fluorescent+labeling+of+apoptotic+neurons.&rft.au=Scallet%2C+A+C%3BSchmued%2C+L+C%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BGrunberg%2C+N%3BFaustino%2C+P+J%3BDavis%2C+H%3BLester%2C+D%3BPine%2C+P+S%3BSistare%2C+F%3BHanig%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Signaling pathways controlling the production of inflammatory mediators in response to crystalline silica exposure: role of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. AN - 66830006; 15336307 AB - Occupational exposure to crystalline silica has been linked to pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. Surface properties of crystalline silica are critical to the production of oxidant species, chemokines, inflammatory cytokines, and proliferative factors involved in the initiation and progression of silica-induced damage, inflammation, alveolar type II cell hyperplasia, fibroblast activation, and disease. The transcription factors nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) have been shown to play key roles in gene promotion for inflammatory mediators, oncogenes, and growth factors. This review summarizes evidence that in vitro and in vivo exposure to crystalline silica results in activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1. Signaling pathways for activation of these transcription factors are described. In addition, the role of silica-induced reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in the activation of these signaling events is presented. Last, the generalizability of mechanisms regulating silica-induced pulmonary responses to pulmonary reactions to other occupational particles is discussed. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Castranova, Vincent AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/10/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 01 SP - 916 EP - 925 VL - 37 IS - 7 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Inflammation Mediators KW - 0 KW - NF-kappa B KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Silicon Dioxide -- chemistry KW - Inflammation Mediators -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66830006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Signaling+pathways+controlling+the+production+of+inflammatory+mediators+in+response+to+crystalline+silica+exposure%3A+role+of+reactive+oxygen%2Fnitrogen+species.&rft.au=Castranova%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=916&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro human skin penetration of diethanolamine. AN - 66779182; 15304302 AB - Concerns about the safety of diethanolamine (DEA) have been raised by the National Toxicology Program (NTP). Therefore, we measured the extent of DEA absorption in human skin relevant to exposures from shampoos, hair dyes and body lotions. Radiolabeled [14C]-DEA was added to two commercial products from each class and applied to excised viable and non-viable human skin in flow-through diffusion cells. The products remained on the skin for 5, 30 and 24 h for shampoos, hair dyes and body lotions, respectively. After 24 h, most of the absorbed dose was found in skin: 2.8% for shampoos, 2.9% for hair dyes and 10.0% for body lotions. Only small amounts were absorbed into the receptor fluid: 0.08%, 0.09% and 0.9% for shampoos, hair dyes and body lotions respectively. There was no significant difference in the absorption of DEA through viable and non-viable skin or from product application doses of 1, 2 or 3 mg lotion/cm2. In 72 h daily repeat dose studies with a lotion, DEA appeared to accumulate in the skin (29.2%) with little diffusing out into the receptor fluid. Therefore, skin levels of DEA should not be included in estimates of systemic absorption used in exposure assessments. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Kraeling, M E K AU - Yourick, J J AU - Bronaugh, R L AD - Office of Cosmetics and Colors, US Food and Drug Administration, BRF HFS-128, 8301 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. margaret.kraeling@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 1553 EP - 1561 VL - 42 IS - 10 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Cosmetics KW - 0 KW - Ethanolamines KW - Hair Dyes KW - Soaps KW - diethanolamine KW - AZE05TDV2V KW - Index Medicus KW - Diffusion Chambers, Culture KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Epidermis -- metabolism KW - Protein Binding KW - Dermis -- metabolism KW - Skin Absorption KW - Ethanolamines -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66779182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=In+vitro+human+skin+penetration+of+diethanolamine.&rft.au=Kraeling%2C+M+E+K%3BYourick%2C+J+J%3BBronaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Kraeling&rft.aufirst=M+E&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-20 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-Term Care Counselor: An Electronic Decision-Support Tool AN - 61379194; 200600199 AB - With the American population aging at a steady pace, the need to help individuals, families, & aging/health care professionals in making often-difficult long-term care decisions is increasing. Finding accurate, impartial information is also critically important, especially information that is personalized to the individual rather than for the general public. The Long-Term Care Counselor (LTCC) is a free & confidential web-based, decision-support tool developed by The National Council on the Aging (NCOA) to meet this particular need. It is part of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Service's (CMS) long-term care information initiative & is found via the official Medicare website at http://www.medicare.gov/longtermcare/static/ltccounselor.asp The LTCC helps individuals, caregivers, & professionals to find information relevant to particular circumstances based on the age, health, level of activity, finances, or personal preferences of the person. 2 Figures, 11 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Care Management Journals AU - Polniaszek, Susan AU - Klinger, Christopher AD - Dept Health Human Services susan.polniaszek@hhs.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 139 EP - 144 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1521-0987, 1521-0987 KW - long-term care KW - financing KW - long-term care insurance KW - risk of long-term care KW - appropriate long-term care services KW - Health Professions KW - Aging KW - Medicare KW - United States of America KW - Medicaid KW - Long Term Care KW - Medical Decision Making KW - Health Care Services KW - article KW - 6127: social gerontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61379194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Care+Management+Journals&rft.atitle=Long-Term+Care+Counselor%3A+An+Electronic+Decision-Support+Tool&rft.au=Polniaszek%2C+Susan%3BKlinger%2C+Christopher&rft.aulast=Polniaszek&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Care+Management+Journals&rft.issn=15210987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aging; Health Professions; Medicare; Health Care Services; Long Term Care; Medicaid; Medical Decision Making; United States of America ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medicaid Outpatient Utilization for Waterborne Pathogenic Illness Following Hurricane Floyd AN - 20362746; 9026091 AB - Objectives. Flooding provides an opportunity for epidemics of waterborne viral, protozoan, or bacterial diseases to develop in affected areas. Epidemic levels of disease may translate into higher than average levels of health services use, depending in part on help-seeking behaviors. The authors investigated whether the flooding that occurred as a result of Hurricane Floyd in September 1999 was associated with an increase in outpatient visits for waterborne diseases among Medicaid enrollees in eastern North Carolina. Methods. Using a difference-in-differences estimation technique, the authors examined the change in outpatient visits by North Carolina Medicaid enrollees for selected waterborne diseases following the hurricane. The study focused on counties with high concentrations of hog farming that were mildly/moderately or severely affected by the hurricane, using unaffected counties and the year before the hurricane as controls. Results. Small increases in Medicaid-covered outpatient visits were found in severely affected counties for two of the six pathogens selected for analysis, relative to unaffected counties. Larger increases in visits were found for nonspecific intestinal infections in both severely and moderately affected counties following the hurricane, relative to unaffected counties. Conclusions. The large increase in visits for ill-defined intestinal infection is noteworthy. The relative lack of increase in visits with specific pathogenic diagnoses may be attributable, at least in part, to a number of factors, including incomplete diagnostic information provided by treating clinicians, low treatment-seeking behavior, and use of non-Medicaid-funded emergency services. JF - Public Health Reports AU - Setzer, C AU - Domino, ME AD - Immunization Bureau, Houston Department of Health and Human Services, Houston, TX, USA, domino@unc.edu Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 472 EP - 478 VL - 119 IS - 5 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Water Resources Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Epidemics KW - Pathogens KW - Infection KW - Farming KW - Public health KW - Hurricanes KW - Public Health KW - Behavior KW - Flooding KW - Intestine KW - Diseases KW - SW 0810:General KW - J 02400:Human Diseases KW - V 22400:Human Diseases KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20362746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Medicaid+Outpatient+Utilization+for+Waterborne+Pathogenic+Illness+Following+Hurricane+Floyd&rft.au=Setzer%2C+C%3BDomino%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Setzer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=472&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hurricanes; Epidemics; Intestine; Flooding; Pathogens; Infection; Public health; Public Health; Behavior; Diseases; Farming; USA, North Carolina ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Intertidal Exposure on Vibrio parahaemolyticus Levels in Pacific Northwest Oysters AN - 19810261; 6119810 AB - Interest in Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) increased in the United States following Vp-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks in 1997 and 1998 involving the West Coast and other areas. The present study evaluated multiple aspects of Vp ecology in the Pacific Northwest with three objectives: (i) to determine the effect of low-tide exposure on Vp levels in oysters, (ii) to determine the relationship between total and pathogenic Vp, and (iii) to examine sediments and aquatic fauna as reservoirs for pathogenic Vp. Samples were collected from intertidal reefs along Hood Canal, Wash., in August 2001. Fecal matter from marine mammals and aquatic birds as well as intestinal contents from bottom- dwelling fish were tested. Total and pathogenic Vp levels in all the samples were enumerated with colony hybridization procedures using DNA probes that targeted the thermolabile direct hemolysin (tlh) and thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) genes, respectively. The mean Vp densities in oysters were four to eight times greater at maximum exposure than at the corresponding first exposure. While tdh-positive Vp counts were generally <=10 CFU/g at first exposure, counts as high as 160 CFU/g were found at maximum exposure. Vp concentrations in sediments were not significantly different from those in oysters at maximum exposure. Pathogenic (tdh positive) Vp was detected in 9 of 42 (21%) oyster samples at maximum exposure, in 5 of 19 (26%) sediment samples, but in 0 of 9 excreta samples. These results demonstrate that summer conditions permit the multiplication of Vp in oysters exposed by a receding tide. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Nordstrom, J L AU - Kaysner, CA AU - Blackstone, G M AU - Vickery, MCL AU - Bowers, J C AU - Depaola, A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, 1 Iberville Drive, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528-0158 Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 2178 EP - 2182 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com] VL - 67 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Pacific northwest oysters KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Reefs KW - DNA probes KW - INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound, Hood Canal KW - INE, USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Colonies KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Intestines KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus KW - Disease detection KW - Hemolysins KW - Coasts KW - Marine KW - tdh gene KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Tides KW - Sediments KW - Canals KW - Coastal zone KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Marine mammals KW - INE, USA, West Coast KW - Intestine KW - Disease reservoirs KW - DNA KW - Marine molluscs KW - Gastroenteritis KW - Aquatic birds KW - Q4 27740:Products KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19810261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Intertidal+Exposure+on+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+Levels+in+Pacific+Northwest+Oysters&rft.au=Nordstrom%2C+J+L%3BKaysner%2C+CA%3BBlackstone%2C+G+M%3BVickery%2C+MCL%3BBowers%2C+J+C%3BDepaola%2C+A&rft.aulast=Nordstrom&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coastal zone; Intestines; Interspecific relationships; Marine mammals; Bacterial diseases; DNA; Marine molluscs; Disease detection; Aquatic birds; Reefs; tdh gene; DNA probes; Sediments; Tides; Canals; Colonies; Colony-forming cells; Disease reservoirs; Intestine; Gastroenteritis; Hemolysins; Coasts; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; INE, USA, West Coast; INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound, Hood Canal; INE, USA, Pacific Northwest; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase isoenzyme 1 from Campylobacter jejuni AN - 19682077; 7434025 AB - Escherichia coli NeuNAc (N-acetylneuraminic acid) synthase catalyses the condensation of PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) and ManNAc (N- acetylmannosamine) to form NeuNAc and is encoded by the neuB gene. Campylobacter jejuni has three neuB genes, one of which is very similar to the E. coli neuB gene. We have characterized the C. jejuni neuraminic acid synthase with respect to acylamino sugar specificity and stereochemistry of the PEP condensation. We determined the specificity of C. jejuni NeuNAc synthase for N-acetylmannosamine, N- butanoylmannosamine, N-propionoylmannosamine and N- pentanoylmannosamine. We find that, although this enzyme exhibits similar K sub(m) values for N-acylmannosamine molecules with different N-acyl groups, the k sub(cat)/K sub(m) values decreased with increasing chain length. NeuNAc synthase is a member of a PEP-utilizing family of enzymes that form oxo acids from PEP and a monosaccharide. This family includes KDO 8-P (2-keto-3-deoxy- D -manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate) synthase and DAH 7-P (2-keto-3-deoxy- D -arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate) synthase. Both enzymes catalyse the condensation of the re face of the aldehyde group of the monosaccharide with the si face of the PEP molecule. The C. jejuni NeuNAc synthase catalysed the condensation of Z- and E-[3- H]PEP with ManNAc, yielding (3S)-3-deutero-NeuNAc and (3R)-3-deutero- NeuNAc respectively. The condensation of Z-[3-F]PEP and ManNAc yielded (3S)-3-fluoro-NeuNAc. Results of our studies suggest that the C. jejuni NeuNAc synthase, similar to KDO 8-P synthase and DAH 7-P synthase, catalyses the condensation of the si face of PEP with the aldehyde sugar. The present study is the first stereochemical analysis of the reaction catalysed by a bacterial NeuNAc synthase. JF - Biochemical Journal AU - Sundaram, Appavu K AU - Pitts, Lee AU - Muhammad, Kamilah AU - Wu, Jing AU - Betenbaugh, Michael AU - Woodard, Ronald W AU - Vann, Willie F AD - Laboratory of Bacterial Toxins, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A., wvann@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/10/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 01 SP - 83 EP - 89 PB - Portland Press Ltd., 59 Portland Place London W1N 3AJ UK, [mailto:sales@portlandpress.co.uk] VL - 383 IS - 1 SN - 0264-6021, 0264-6021 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - ManNAc analogue KW - N-acetyl-3-fluoroneuraminic acid KW - N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase KW - stereochemical analysis Abbreviations: DAH 7-P KW - 2-keto-3-deoxy- D -arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate KW - DPA KW - dipicolinic acid KW - KDO 8-P KW - 2-keto-3-deoxy- D -manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate KW - LB KW - Luria-Bertani KW - PEP KW - phosphoenolpyruvate KW - Sugar KW - N-Acetylneuraminic acid KW - Escherichia coli KW - Isoenzymes KW - Enzymes KW - Condensation KW - monosaccharides KW - Aldehydes KW - Stereochemistry KW - Catalysis KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19682077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+N-acetylneuraminic+acid+synthase+isoenzyme+1+from+Campylobacter+jejuni&rft.au=Sundaram%2C+Appavu+K%3BPitts%2C+Lee%3BMuhammad%2C+Kamilah%3BWu%2C+Jing%3BBetenbaugh%2C+Michael%3BWoodard%2C+Ronald+W%3BVann%2C+Willie+F&rft.aulast=Sundaram&rft.aufirst=Appavu&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=383&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Journal&rft.issn=02646021&rft_id=info:doi/10.1042%2FBJ20040218 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; N-Acetylneuraminic acid; Isoenzymes; Enzymes; Condensation; monosaccharides; Aldehydes; Stereochemistry; Catalysis; Campylobacter jejuni; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BJ20040218 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a Local Exhaust Ventilation System for Controlling Refractory Ceramic Fibers During Disc Sanding AN - 18065838; 6060436 JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Dunn, KH AU - Shulman, SA AU - Cecala, AB AU - Venturin, DE AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - D107 EP - D111 VL - 1 IS - 10 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Ventilation KW - Ceramics KW - Fibers KW - Occupational exposure KW - Exhaust emissions KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18065838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+Local+Exhaust+Ventilation+System+for+Controlling+Refractory+Ceramic+Fibers+During+Disc+Sanding&rft.au=Dunn%2C+KH%3BShulman%2C+SA%3BCecala%2C+AB%3BVenturin%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=KH&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=D107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490500785 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fibers; Ceramics; Occupational exposure; Exhaust emissions; Ventilation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490500785 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Francisella tularensis genes encoding exported membrane-associated proteins using TnphoA mutagenesis of a genomic library AN - 17854715; 6155976 AB - Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is a highly infectious pathogen of humans and animals, yet little is known about the surface proteins of this organism that mediate mechanisms of pathogenicity. lambda TnphoA was used to generate random alkaline phosphatase gene fusions in a F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (strain Schu S4) genomic library to identify genes encoding exported extracytoplasmic proteins. Eleven genes encoding membrane-associated proteins were identified by this method and their respective signal peptides were characterized. Three of the genes encoded conserved 'housekeeping' enzymes, while the other eight genes were unique to F. tularensis, encoding proteins with molecular masses ranging from 11 to 78kDa as deduced from the amino acid sequences. Two genes putatively encoded lipoproteins based on the presence of characteristic signal peptidase II cleavage sites. Four selected proteins were found associated with outer membranes from Schu S4 and LVS strains by Western blotting. Indirect immunofluorescence of strain Schu S4 cells also showed evidence of protein localization to the outer membrane. Protein database searches produced significant alignments with proteins from other bacteria involved in carbohydrate transport, lipid metabolism, and cell envelope biogenesis, thereby providing clues for putative functions. These findings demonstrated that TnphoA mutagenesis can be used in conjunction with F. tularensis genome sequence data to provide a foundation for studies to identify and define cellular surface protein virulence factors of this pathogen. JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Gilmore, R D AU - Murphree Bacon, R AU - Sviat, S L AU - Petersen, J M AU - Bearden, S W AD - Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. Box 2087, Rampart Rd., Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, rbg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 205 EP - 213 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genomes KW - Western blotting KW - virulence factors KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Cell envelopes KW - Signal peptides KW - Outer membranes KW - Francisella tularensis KW - Pathogens KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Mutagenesis KW - Tularemia KW - Alkaline phosphatase KW - Pathogenicity KW - signal peptidase KW - Gene fusion KW - Lipoproteins KW - genomics KW - Carbohydrates KW - Evolution KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17854715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Francisella+tularensis+genes+encoding+exported+membrane-associated+proteins+using+TnphoA+mutagenesis+of+a+genomic+library&rft.au=Gilmore%2C+R+D%3BMurphree+Bacon%2C+R%3BSviat%2C+S+L%3BPetersen%2C+J+M%3BBearden%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Gilmore&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.micpath.2004.07.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Western blotting; virulence factors; Cell envelopes; Nucleotide sequence; Outer membranes; Signal peptides; Immunofluorescence; Pathogens; Mutagenesis; Tularemia; Alkaline phosphatase; Pathogenicity; signal peptidase; Gene fusion; Lipoproteins; Carbohydrates; genomics; Evolution; Francisella tularensis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2004.07.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of fruit variety, harvest technique, quality sorting, and storage on the native microflora of unpasteurized apple cider AN - 17782459; 6119818 AB - Apple variety, harvest, quality sorting, and storage practices were assessed to determine their impact on the microflora of unpasteurized cider. Seven apple varieties were harvested from the tree or the ground. The apples were used fresh or were stored at 0 to 4 degree C for 0.05). Yeast and mold counts revealed relationships similar to those for APCs. The relationship between initial microbial load found on incoming fruit and final cider microbial population was curvilinear, with the weakest correlations for the lowest apple microflora concentrations. The lack of linearity suggests that processing equipment contributed to cider contamination. Tree-picked quality fruit should be used for unpasteurized cider production, and careful manufacturing practices at cider plants can impact both safety and quality of the final product. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Keller, Susanne E AU - Chirtel, Stuart J AU - Merker, Robert I AU - Taylor, Kirk T AU - Tan, Hsu Ling AU - Miller, Arthur J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, 6502 South Archer Avenue, Summit-Argo, Illinois 60501 Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 2240 EP - 2247 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 67 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - apple cider KW - apple KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Yeasts KW - Count KW - Aerobic bacteria KW - Molds KW - Cider KW - Food contamination KW - Storage KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Microflora KW - Food quality KW - Acidity KW - Harvesting KW - pH KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17782459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Influence+of+fruit+variety%2C+harvest+technique%2C+quality+sorting%2C+and+storage+on+the+native+microflora+of+unpasteurized+apple+cider&rft.au=Keller%2C+Susanne+E%3BChirtel%2C+Stuart+J%3BMerker%2C+Robert+I%3BTaylor%2C+Kirk+T%3BTan%2C+Hsu+Ling%3BMiller%2C+Arthur+J&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=Susanne&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Yeasts; Storage; Acidity; Food contamination; Aerobic bacteria; pH; Cider; Harvesting; Colony-forming cells; Count; Microflora; Molds; Food quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella enteritidis clearance and immune responses in chickens following Salmonella vaccination and challenge AN - 17767808; 6143367 AB - Our previous work showed that the cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was enhanced by live Salmonella vaccine (LV). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of live and killed Salmonella vaccines on Salmonella enteritidis (SE) clearance and to determine if the clearance was mediated by cell-mediated and/or humoral immunity. Chickens were first immunized at 2 weeks of age followed by a booster dose at 4 weeks, challenged with live SE 2 weeks later (6-week-old) and tested for CMI, antibody response and SE clearance 1-week post SE-challenge (7-week-old). Spleen cell proliferation induced by SE-flagella and Concanavalin A (Con A) were significantly higher and SE shedding was significantly lower in the LV group. The splenic CD3 population was significantly lower and B cells were higher in the control group compared to all the SE-challenged groups (with and without vaccination). Serum antibody to SE-flagella and envelope were significantly higher in the KV group compared to all the other groups. These results suggest that LV protects against SE infection, probably by enhancing the CMI. JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AU - Babu, U AU - Dalloul, R A AU - Okamura, M AU - Lillehoj, H S AU - Xie, H AU - Raybourne, R B AU - Gaines, D AU - Heckert, R A AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, HFS-326, 8301 Muirkirk Road, 20708, Laurel, MD, USA Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 251 EP - 257 VL - 101 IS - 3-4 SN - 0165-2427, 0165-2427 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Immunity (humoral) KW - Concanavalin A KW - Envelopes KW - Immunity (cell-mediated) KW - Lymphocytes B KW - Spleen KW - CD3 antigen KW - Antibody response KW - Vaccination KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17767808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.atitle=Salmonella+enteritidis+clearance+and+immune+responses+in+chickens+following+Salmonella+vaccination+and+challenge&rft.au=Babu%2C+U%3BDalloul%2C+R+A%3BOkamura%2C+M%3BLillehoj%2C+H+S%3BXie%2C+H%3BRaybourne%2C+R+B%3BGaines%2C+D%3BHeckert%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Babu&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.issn=01652427&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vetimm.2004.05.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Immunity (humoral); Envelopes; Concanavalin A; Immunity (cell-mediated); Lymphocytes B; Spleen; Antibody response; CD3 antigen; Vaccination; Salmonella enteritidis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.05.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Commercial Poultry Production Environments AN - 17759344; 6040289 AB - The potential impact of food animals in the production environment on the bacterial population as a result of antimicrobial drug use for growth enhancement continues to be a cause for concern. Enterococci from 82 farms within a poultry production region on the eastern seaboard were isolated to establish a baseline of susceptibility profiles for a number of antimicrobials used in production as well as clinical environments. Of the 541 isolates recovered, Enterococcus faecalis (53%) and E. faecium (31%) were the predominant species, while multiresistant antimicrobial phenotypes were observed among all species. The prevalence of resistance among isolates of E. faecalis was comparatively higher among lincosamide, macrolide, and tetracycline antimicrobials, while isolates of E. faecium were observed to be more frequently resistant to fluoroquinolones and penicillins. Notably, 63% of the E. faecium isolates were resistant to the streptogramin quinupristin-dalfopristin, while high-level gentamicin resistance was observed only among the E. faecalis population, of which 7% of the isolates were resistant. The primary observations are that enterococci can be frequently isolated from the poultry production environment and can be multiresistant to antimicrobials used in human medicine. The high frequency with which resistant enterococci are isolated from this environment suggests that these organisms might be useful as sentinels to monitor the development of resistance resulting from the usage of antimicrobial agents in animal production. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hayes, Joshua R AU - English, Linda L AU - Carr, Lewis E AU - Wagner, David D AU - Joseph, Sam W AD - Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics. Department of Biological Resources Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park. Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 6005 EP - 6011 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 70 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Poultry KW - Farms KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Streptogramins KW - quinupristin-dalfopristin KW - Enterococcus faecalis KW - Tetracyclines KW - Penicillin KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Gentamicin KW - lincosamides KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17759344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Multiple-Antibiotic+Resistance+of+Enterococcus+spp.+Isolated+from+Commercial+Poultry+Production+Environments&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Joshua+R%3BEnglish%2C+Linda+L%3BCarr%2C+Lewis+E%3BWagner%2C+David+D%3BJoseph%2C+Sam+W&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=6005&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gentamicin; Poultry; Farms; Fluoroquinolones; Streptogramins; quinupristin-dalfopristin; Tetracyclines; Antibiotic resistance; Penicillin; lincosamides; Antimicrobial agents; Enterococcus faecalis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using standardised patients in an objective structured clinical examination as a patient safety tool AN - 17737995; 6099412 AB - Standardised patients (SPs) are a powerful form of simulation that has now become commonplace in training and assessment in medical education throughout the world. Standardised patients are individuals, with or without actual disease, who have been trained to portray a medical case in a consistent manner. They are now the gold standard for measuring the competence of physicians and other health professionals, and the quality of their practice. A common way in which SPs are used in performance assessment has been as part of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). The use of an SP based OSCE can be a powerful tool in measuring continued competence in human reliability and skill performance where such skills are a critical attribute to maintaining patient safety. This article will describe how an OSCE could be used as a patient safety tool based on cases derived from actual events related to postdonation information in the blood collection process. The OSCE was developed as a competency examination for health history takers. Postdonation information events in the blood collection process account for the majority of errors reported to the US Food and Drug Administration. SP based assessment is an important patient safety tool that could be applied to a variety of patient safety settings and situations, and should be considered an important weapon in the war on medical error and patient harm. JF - Quality & Safety in Health Care AU - Battles, J B AU - Wilkinson, S L AU - Lee, S J AD - United States Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research, Center for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - i46 EP - i50 PB - B M J Publishing Group, B.M.A. House Tavistock Sq. London WC1H 9JR UK VL - 13 SN - 1475-3898, 1475-3898 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Training KW - Simulation KW - Medical personnel KW - Education KW - Health care KW - Quality control KW - H 13000:Medical Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17737995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+%26+Safety+in+Health+Care&rft.atitle=Using+standardised+patients+in+an+objective+structured+clinical+examination+as+a+patient+safety+tool&rft.au=Battles%2C+J+B%3BWilkinson%2C+S+L%3BLee%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Battles&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=&rft.spage=i46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+%26+Safety+in+Health+Care&rft.issn=14753898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medical personnel; Simulation; Health care; Education; Training; Quality control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Knowledge Management in Occupational Hygiene: The United States Example AN - 17716310; 6041084 AB - Knowledge management is an emerging field focusing on assessing the creation, transfer, and utilization of knowledge to address specific challenges. Generally, knowledge management has described efforts within and between companies to consider knowledge as a manageable asset. In this paper, we suggest that occupational hygiene knowledge can be considered a manageable asset by businesses and that the entire field of occupational hygiene in the USA can be appraised in terms of knowledge management. The knowledge cycle creates a foundation for knowledge management. Knowledge creation (research, recognition and evaluation), transfer (distribution, dissemination and diffusion), and utilization (risk management and control) make up the key elements of the knowledge cycle. Defining and understanding the roles of knowledge cycle elements facilitate the application of knowledge management to problems, systems, and situations in individual companies and in the field of occupational hygiene in general. Examples of current, effective knowledge management practices within occupational hygiene in the USA are described, and recommendations for further utilization of knowledge management principles are also presented. JF - Annals of Occupational Hygiene AU - Schulte, P A AU - Lentz, T J AU - Anderson, V P AU - Lamborg, AD AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS-C14, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 583 EP - 594 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 48 IS - 7 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - knowledge management KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17716310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Knowledge+Management+in+Occupational+Hygiene%3A+The+United+States+Example&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BLentz%2C+T+J%3BAnderson%2C+V+P%3BLamborg%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Occupational health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and sensorineural hearing loss in 8-year-old children AN - 17705564; 6055086 AB - Early-life exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, increases the hearing threshold at selected frequencies in rats. Among humans from the Faroe Islands with unusually high early-life PCB exposure, exposure was directly associated with increased hearing thresholds at two frequencies, although the deficits were present in the left ear but not the right. We examined PCB levels in maternal pregnancy serum in relation with audiometrically determined hearing thresholds among offspring when they were of school age. Complete data were available for 195 children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and 615 children selected at random, all of whom were born in 1959-1966 in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) U.S. cohort. The median exposure among those selected at random, as reflected by the mother's third trimester serum total PCB concentration, was 2.8 mu g/l, about twofold higher than recent background levels in the United States. Based on the average hearing threshold across the frequencies essential for speech recognition in the 'worst ear,' the maternal serum PCB level was unrelated to the adjusted odds of SNHL or to adjusted mean hearing threshold. Overall, an adverse effect of early-life, background-level PCB exposure on SNHL was not supported by these data. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Longnecker, M P AU - Hoffman, HJ AU - Klebanoff, MA AU - Brock, J W AU - Zhou, H AU - Needham, L AU - Adera, T AU - Guo, X AU - Gray, KA AD - Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. Box 12233, MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, longnecker@niehs.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 629 EP - 637 PB - Elsevier Inc. VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Age KW - Ear KW - Offspring KW - speech recognition KW - PCB KW - Auditory system KW - Intrauterine exposure KW - Hearing loss KW - Children KW - Pregnancy KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Background levels KW - Teratology KW - Contaminants KW - Hearing KW - Side effects KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - N3 11105:Primates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17705564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=In+utero+exposure+to+polychlorinated+biphenyls+and+sensorineural+hearing+loss+in+8-year-old+children&rft.au=Longnecker%2C+M+P%3BHoffman%2C+HJ%3BKlebanoff%2C+MA%3BBrock%2C+J+W%3BZhou%2C+H%3BNeedham%2C+L%3BAdera%2C+T%3BGuo%2C+X%3BGray%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Longnecker&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=629&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ntt.2004.04.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PCB; Hearing loss; Auditory system; Children; polychlorinated biphenyls; Intrauterine exposure; speech recognition; Side effects; Pregnancy; Offspring; Age; Hearing; Ear; Teratology; Background levels; Contaminants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2004.04.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paternal Occupational Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and Birth Outcomes of Offspring: Birth Weight, Preterm Delivery, and Birth Defects AN - 16194766; 6063546 AB - Agent Orange is a phenoxy herbicide that was contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). We studied pregnancy outcomes among wives of male chemical workers who were highly exposed to chemicals contaminated with TCDD and among wives of nonexposed neighborhood referents. For exposed pregnancies, we estimated serum TCDD concentration at the time of conception using a pharmacokinetic model. The mean TCDD concentration for workers' births was 254 pg/g lipid (range, 3-16,340 pg/g). The mean referent concentration of 6 pg/g was assigned to pregnancies fathered by workers before exposure. A total of 1,117 live singleton births of 217 referent wives and 176 worker wives were included. Only full-term births were included in the birth weight analysis ( greater than or equal to 37 weeks of gestation). Mean birth weight among full-term babies was similar among referents' babies (n = 604), preexposure workers' babies (n = 221), and exposed workers' babies (n = 292) (3,420, 3,347, and 3,442 g, respectively). Neither continuous nor categorical TCDD concentration had an effect on birth weight for term infants after adjustment for infant sex, mother's education, parity, prenatal cigarette smoking, and gestation length. An analysis to estimate potential direct exposure of the wives during periods of workers' exposure yielded a nonstatistically significant increase in infant birth weight of 130 g in the highest exposure group (TCDD concentration > 254 pg/g) compared with referents (p = 0.09). Mothers' reports of preterm delivery showed a somewhat protective association with paternal TCDD (log) concentration (odds ratio = 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-1.1). We also include descriptive information on reported birth defects. Because the estimated TCDD concentrations in this population were much higher than in other studies, the results indicate that TCDD is unlikely to increase the risk of low birth weight or preterm delivery through a paternal mechanism. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lawson, C C AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Whelan, E A AU - Deddens, JA AU - Dankovic, DA AU - Piacitelli, LA AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Connally, L B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway (R-15), Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, CJL9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 1403 EP - 1408 VL - 112 IS - 14 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Birth weight KW - TCDD KW - Offspring KW - Pregnancy KW - birth weight KW - Congenital defects KW - Dioxin KW - Occupational exposure KW - Infants KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16194766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Paternal+Occupational+Exposure+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+and+Birth+Outcomes+of+Offspring%3A+Birth+Weight%2C+Preterm+Delivery%2C+and+Birth+Defects&rft.au=Lawson%2C+C+C%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M%3BWhelan%2C+E+A%3BDeddens%2C+JA%3BDankovic%2C+DA%3BPiacitelli%2C+LA%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BConnally%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.7051 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Birth weight; Congenital defects; TCDD; Offspring; Occupational exposure; Dioxin; Pregnancy; Infants; birth weight DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7051 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of X-ray fluorescence and wet chemical analysis of air filter samples from a scrap lead smelting operation AN - 16190896; 6130081 AB - Personal and area air samples were taken at a scrap lead smelter operation in a bullet manufacturing facility. Samples were taken using the 37-mm styrene-acrylonitrile closed-face filter cassette (CFC, the current US standard device for lead sampling), the 37-mm GSP or "cone" sampler, the 25-mm Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) inhalable sampler, and the 25-mm Button sampler (developed at the University of Cincinnati). Polyvinylchloride filters were used for sampling. The filters were pre- and post-weighed, and analyzed for lead content using a field-portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer. The filters were then extracted with dilute nitric acid in an ultrasonic extraction bath and the solutions were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The 25-mm filters were analyzed using a single XRF reading, while three readings on different parts of the filter were taken from the 37-mm filters. The single reading from the 25-mm filters was adjusted for the nominal area of the filter to obtain the mass loading, while the three readings from the 37-mm filters were inserted into two different algorithms for calculating the mass loadings, and the algorithms were compared. The IOM sampler was designed for material collected in the body of the sampler to be part of the collected sample as well as that on the filter. Therefore, the IOM sampler cassettes were rinsed separately to determine if wall-loss corrections were necessary. All four samplers gave very good correlations between the two analytical methods above the limit of detection of the XRF procedure. The limit of detection for the 25-mm filters (5 mu g) was lower than for the 37-mm filters (10 mu g). The percentage of XRF results that were within 25% of the corresponding ICP results was evaluated. In addition, the bias from linear regression was estimated. Linear regression for the Button sampler and the IOM sampler using single readings and the GSP using all tested techniques for total filter loading gave acceptable XRF readings at loadings equivalent to sampling at the OSHA 8-hour Action Level and Permissible Exposure Limit. However, the CFC only had acceptable results when the center reading corrected for filter area was used, which was surprising, and may be a result of a limited data set. In addition to linear regression, simple estimation of bias indicated reasonable agreements between XRF and ICP results for single XRF readings on the Button sampler filters, (82% of the individual results within criterion), and on the IOM sampler filters (77% or 61%--see text), and on the GSP sampler filters using the OSHA algorithm (78%). As a result of this pilot project, all three samplers were considered suitable for inclusion in further field research studies. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Harper, M AU - Hallmark, T S AU - Andrew, ME AU - Bird, A J AD - Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd., MS-3030, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 819 EP - 826 VL - 6 IS - 10 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Filters KW - X radiation KW - Fluorescence KW - Air sampling KW - Smelters KW - Spectroscopy KW - Lead KW - Sampling methods KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16190896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+X-ray+fluorescence+and+wet+chemical+analysis+of+air+filter+samples+from+a+scrap+lead+smelting+operation&rft.au=Harper%2C+M%3BHallmark%2C+T+S%3BAndrew%2C+ME%3BBird%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=819&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb405023c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; X radiation; Fluorescence; Air sampling; Spectroscopy; Smelters; Sampling methods; Lead DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b405023c ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Submicrometer elemental carbon as a selective measure of diesel particulate matter in coal mines AN - 16190624; 6130078 AB - A monitoring method for diesel particulate matter was published as Method 5040 by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Organic and elemental carbon are determined by the method, but elemental carbon (EC) is a better exposure measure. The US Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) proposed use of NIOSH 5040 for compliance determinations in metal and nonmetal mines. MSHA also published a rulemaking for coal mines, but no exposure standard was provided. A standard based on particulate carbon is not considered practical because of coal dust interference. Interference may not be a problem if an appropriate size-selective sampler and EC exposure standard are employed. Submicrometer dust concentrations found in previous surveys of nondieselized, underground coal mines were relatively low. If a large fraction of the submicrometer dust is organic and mineral matter, submicrometer EC concentrations would be much lower than submicrometer mass concentrations. Laboratory and field results reported herein indicate the amount of EC contributed by submicrometer coal dust is minor. In a laboratory test, a submicrometer EC concentration of 31 mu g m super(-3) was found when sampling a respirable coal dust concentration over three times the US compliance limit (2 mg m super(-3)). Laboratory results are consistent with surveys of nondieselized coal mines, where EC results ranged from below the method limit of detection to 18 mu g m super(-3) when size-selective samplers were used to collect dust fractions having particle diameters below 1.5 mu m--submicrometer EC concentrations were approximately 7 mu g m super(-3). In dieselized mines, submicrometer EC concentrations are much higher. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Birch, ME AU - Noll, J D AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 799 EP - 806 VL - 6 IS - 10 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Carbon KW - Mining KW - Coal KW - Particulates KW - Diesel engines KW - Occupational exposure KW - Dust KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16190624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Submicrometer+elemental+carbon+as+a+selective+measure+of+diesel+particulate+matter+in+coal+mines&rft.au=Birch%2C+ME%3BNoll%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Birch&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb407507b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon; Particulates; Coal; Mining; Diesel engines; Dust; Occupational exposure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b407507b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expecting the unexpected--drug safety, pharmacovigilance, and the prepared mind. AN - 66935839; 15459298 JF - The New England journal of medicine AU - Trontell, Anne AD - Office of Drug Safety, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md, USA. Y1 - 2004/09/30/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 30 SP - 1385 EP - 1387 VL - 351 IS - 14 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 0 KW - Erythropoietin KW - 11096-26-7 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure -- chemically induced KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Erythropoietin -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66935839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Expecting+the+unexpected--drug+safety%2C+pharmacovigilance%2C+and+the+prepared+mind.&rft.au=Trontell%2C+Anne&rft.aulast=Trontell&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.date=2004-09-30&rft.volume=351&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=1533-4406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: N Engl J Med. 2004 Sep 30;351(14):1403-8 [15459301] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical devices; clinical chemistry and clinical toxicology devices; classification of sirolimus test system devices. Final rule. AN - 66923702; 15457610 JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2004/09/30/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 30 SP - 58258 EP - 58260 VL - 69 IS - 189 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Sirolimus KW - W36ZG6FT64 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Equipment Safety KW - Clinical Chemistry Tests -- instrumentation KW - Sirolimus -- blood KW - Clinical Chemistry Tests -- classification KW - Toxicology -- instrumentation KW - Toxicology -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66923702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Medical+devices%3B+clinical+chemistry+and+clinical+toxicology+devices%3B+classification+of+sirolimus+test+system+devices.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2004-09-30&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=189&rft.spage=58258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Risk and Protective Factors for Substance Use among American Indian or Alaska Native Youths. The NSDUH Report AN - 62130304; ED484695 AB - Recent reports have shown higher rates of substance use among American Indians or Alaska Natives compared with persons from other racial ethnic groups. Among American Indian or Alaska Native youths aged 12 to 17, the rates of past month cigarette use, binge drinking, and illicit drug use were higher than those from other racial ethnic groups. This report looks at risk and protective factors for substance use among 46,310 respondents aged 12 to 17 (representing a national population of 25 million) comparing American Indian or Alaska Native youths with youths among all other racialethnic groups combined. The focus is on American Indian or Alaska Native youths and their higher levels of risk factors or lower levels of protective factors compared with youths of other races. Three categories of risk and protective factors were examined: (1) individual and peers; (2) family;and (3) school. All estimates are annual averages based on combined 2002 and 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data. Y1 - 2004/09/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 24 SP - 3 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Drinking KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Risk KW - Family Environment KW - Substance Abuse KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Peer Groups KW - Drug Use KW - Adolescents KW - Alaska Natives KW - American Indians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62130304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-09-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Risk+and+Protective+Factors+for+Substance+Use+among+American+Indian+or+Alaska+Native+Youths.+The+NSDUH+Report&rft.title=Risk+and+Protective+Factors+for+Substance+Use+among+American+Indian+or+Alaska+Native+Youths.+The+NSDUH+Report&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - NIH MASTER PLAN 2003 UPDATE, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH MAIN CAMPUS, BETHESDA, MARYLAND. AN - 36437943; 11183 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of the updated 2003 master development plan for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Main Campus in Bethesda, Maryland is proposed. The primary mission of NIH is to expand fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior or living systems, to apply that knowledge to enhance the health of human lives, and to reduce the burdens of disease and disability. The 2003 plan updates the 1995 plan. It would guide and coordinate the physical development of the NIH Bethesda Campus with respect to buildings, utilities, roads and streetscapes, landscapes, and amenities over the next 20 years in response to projected NIH administrative, research, and infrastructure support needs. Programming of future campus personnel and facilities was determine through an extensive series of interviews with NIH management and individual institute and center directorates. The principal features of the master plan include construction of the 2005-million-gross--square-foot (gsf) Hatfield Clinical Research Center to replace the existing Clinical Center hospital and provide 240 inpatient beds and 90 day-hospital stations; stabilization of 0.5 million gsf of space in the existing Magnusen Clinical Center Complex to prepare the complex for adaptive reuse; construction of up to 12 new buildings, containing 2.17 million gsf of laboratory space, for intramural research; continuation of the upgrading and modernization program for support utilities and infrastructure; replacement of housing and care facilities for animals used in research; consolidation of surface parking into multi-level and underground parking structures; construction of a loop road that would follow existing campus streets physical reorganization of the campus to improve administrative and operational functions, raise the aesthetic level of the area, and protect older campus buildings of historic value; management of storm water through a site storm water management plan; construction of expanded child care facilities for employees as well as small-scale retail and service activities; and enhancement of a natural area or buffer zone around the periphery of the campus through removal of surface parking and increased landscaping. In addition to the master plan, this draft EIS considers a No Action Alternative. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Plan implementation would significantly enhance the functional and social aspects of the NIH Bethesda Campus. Research facilities would be significantly upgraded and facility inadequacies would be corrected. The modified transportation system would provide enhance access within the campus, and landscaping and other aesthetic improvements would transform the somewhat dysfunctional campus into a pleasing and functionally adequate workplace. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Increases in personnel using the site would place additional stress on the local transportation system within and outside the campus, utilities and waste management facilities, and energy sources. The plan would include the demolition of Building 7, which is eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Construction activities could result in the loss of 500 mature trees. JF - EPA number: 040458, 311 pages, ,September 24, 2004 PY - 2004 KW - Research and Development KW - Buildings KW - Demolition KW - Employment KW - Historic Sites KW - Parking KW - Research Facilities KW - Roads KW - Site Planning KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Transportation KW - Vegetation KW - Maryland UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36437943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-09-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=NIH+MASTER+PLAN+2003+UPDATE%2C+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.title=NIH+MASTER+PLAN+2003+UPDATE%2C+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: September 24, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-30 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - NIH MASTER PLAN 2003 UPDATE, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH MAIN CAMPUS, BETHESDA, MARYLAND. [Part 1 of 1] T2 - NIH MASTER PLAN 2003 UPDATE, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH MAIN CAMPUS, BETHESDA, MARYLAND. AN - 36367582; 11183-040458_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of the updated 2003 master development plan for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Main Campus in Bethesda, Maryland is proposed. The primary mission of NIH is to expand fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior or living systems, to apply that knowledge to enhance the health of human lives, and to reduce the burdens of disease and disability. The 2003 plan updates the 1995 plan. It would guide and coordinate the physical development of the NIH Bethesda Campus with respect to buildings, utilities, roads and streetscapes, landscapes, and amenities over the next 20 years in response to projected NIH administrative, research, and infrastructure support needs. Programming of future campus personnel and facilities was determine through an extensive series of interviews with NIH management and individual institute and center directorates. The principal features of the master plan include construction of the 2005-million-gross--square-foot (gsf) Hatfield Clinical Research Center to replace the existing Clinical Center hospital and provide 240 inpatient beds and 90 day-hospital stations; stabilization of 0.5 million gsf of space in the existing Magnusen Clinical Center Complex to prepare the complex for adaptive reuse; construction of up to 12 new buildings, containing 2.17 million gsf of laboratory space, for intramural research; continuation of the upgrading and modernization program for support utilities and infrastructure; replacement of housing and care facilities for animals used in research; consolidation of surface parking into multi-level and underground parking structures; construction of a loop road that would follow existing campus streets physical reorganization of the campus to improve administrative and operational functions, raise the aesthetic level of the area, and protect older campus buildings of historic value; management of storm water through a site storm water management plan; construction of expanded child care facilities for employees as well as small-scale retail and service activities; and enhancement of a natural area or buffer zone around the periphery of the campus through removal of surface parking and increased landscaping. In addition to the master plan, this draft EIS considers a No Action Alternative. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Plan implementation would significantly enhance the functional and social aspects of the NIH Bethesda Campus. Research facilities would be significantly upgraded and facility inadequacies would be corrected. The modified transportation system would provide enhance access within the campus, and landscaping and other aesthetic improvements would transform the somewhat dysfunctional campus into a pleasing and functionally adequate workplace. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Increases in personnel using the site would place additional stress on the local transportation system within and outside the campus, utilities and waste management facilities, and energy sources. The plan would include the demolition of Building 7, which is eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Construction activities could result in the loss of 500 mature trees. JF - EPA number: 040458, 311 pages, ,September 24, 2004 PY - 2004 VL - 1 KW - Research and Development KW - Buildings KW - Demolition KW - Employment KW - Historic Sites KW - Parking KW - Research Facilities KW - Roads KW - Site Planning KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Transportation KW - Vegetation KW - Maryland UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36367582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-09-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=NIH+MASTER+PLAN+2003+UPDATE%2C+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.title=NIH+MASTER+PLAN+2003+UPDATE%2C+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: September 24, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of oxythioquinox exposure on normal human mammary epithelial cell gene expression: a microarray analysis study. AN - 67281266; 15387888 AB - Inter-individual variation in normal human mammary epithelial cells in response to oxythioquinox (OTQ) is reported. Gene expression signatures resulting from chemical exposures are generally created from analysis of exposures in rat, mouse or other genetically similar animal models, limiting information about inter-individual variations. This study focused on the effect of inter-individual variation in gene expression signatures. Gene expression was studied in primary normal human mammary epithelial cells (NHMECs) derived from four women undergoing reduction mammoplasty [Cooperative Human Tissue Network (National Cancer Institute and National Disease Research Interchange)]. Gene transcription in each cell strain was analyzed using high-density oligonucleotide DNA microarrays (HuGeneFL, Affymetrix) and changes in the expression of selected genes were verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction at extended time points (ABI). DNA microarrays were hybridized to materials prepared from total RNA that was collected after OTQ treatment for 15, 60 and 120 min. RNA was harvested from the vehicle control (DMSO) at 120 min. The gene expression profile included all genes altered by at least a signal log ratio (SLR) of +/- 0.6 and p value < or = 0.05 in three of four cell strains analyzed. RNA species were clustered in various patterns of expression highlighting genes with altered expression in one or more of the cell strains, including metabolic enzymes and transcription factors. Of the clustered RNA species, only 36 were found to be altered at one time point in three or more of the cell strains analyzed (13 up-regulated, 23 down-regulated). Cluster analysis examined the effects of OTQ on the cells with specific p53 polymorphisms. The two strains expressing the major variant of p53 had 83 common genes altered (35 increased, 48 decreased) at one or more time point by at least a 0.6 signal log ratio (SLR). The intermediate variant strains showed 105 common genes altered (80 increased, 25 decreased) in both strains. Differential changes in expression of these genes may yield biomarkers that provide insight into inter-individual variation in cancer risk. Further, specific individual patterns of gene expression may help to determine more susceptible populations. JF - Environmental health : a global access science source AU - Gwinn, Maureen R AU - Whipkey, Diana L AU - Weston, Ainsley AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mail Stop #L-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. mwg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 23 SP - 9 VL - 3 IS - 1 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Genetic Markers KW - Pesticides KW - Quinoxalines KW - quinomethionate KW - 2439-01-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mammaplasty KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Gene Expression -- drug effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis KW - Quinoxalines -- toxicity KW - Mammary Glands, Human -- pathology KW - Mammary Glands, Human -- drug effects KW - Gene Expression Profiling -- methods KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67281266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+%3A+a+global+access+science+source&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+oxythioquinox+exposure+on+normal+human+mammary+epithelial+cell+gene+expression%3A+a+microarray+analysis+study.&rft.au=Gwinn%2C+Maureen+R%3BWhipkey%2C+Diana+L%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley&rft.aulast=Gwinn&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft.date=2004-09-23&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+%3A+a+global+access+science+source&rft.issn=1476-069X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-02-15 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Toxicol Sci. 2002 Jun;67(2):219-31 [12011481] Toxicol Sci. 2002 Jun;67(2):232-40 [12011482] Toxicol Sci. 2002 Jul;68(1):184-99 [12075121] J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 5;277(27):24799-808 [11978787] Carcinogenesis. 2002 Oct;23(10):1561-8 [12376462] Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao. 2002 May;22(5):448-50 [12390713] Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 Jan 1;409(1):153-8 [12464254] Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Jan 1;31(1):82-6 [12519953] Toxicol Sci. 2003 Apr;72(2):314-30 [12655037] Pest Manag Sci. 2003 Jun-Jul;59(6-7):708-17 [12846321] Toxicol Sci. 2003 Oct;75(2):378-92 [12883083] Toxicol Sci. 2004 Jan;77(1):19-34 [14600272] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1970 May;173(1):60-70 [5442305] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1977;5(4):403-13 [883849] Toxicol Eur Res. 1979 Jul;2(4):187-93 [161935] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Feb;11(2):1009-16 [1990262] Cancer Res. 1992 Mar 15;52(6):1643-6 [1540973] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Aug 16;91(17):8022-6 [8058751] Carcinogenesis. 1995 Sep;16(9):2233-6 [7554081] Carcinogenesis. 1996 Jun;17(6):1313-6 [8681448] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 May;104 Suppl 3:553-6 [8781382] Chem Res Toxicol. 1996 Jan-Feb;9(1):84-92 [8924621] Trends Biochem Sci. 1996 Nov;21(11):422-5 [8987396] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997 Feb;6(2):105-12 [9037561] J Cell Physiol. 1998 Feb;174(2):160-9 [9428802] Br J Cancer. 1999 Sep;81(1):179-83 [10487631] Cancer Res. 2000 Mar 15;60(6):1711-9 [10749144] Cancer Lett. 2000 Aug 1;156(1):63-72 [10840161] Cancer Res. 2000 Sep 15;60(18):5074-9 [11016631] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Apr;109(4):391-7 [11335188] Chem Res Toxicol. 2001 Jul;14(7):856-62 [11453732] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 Jan;11(1):127-30 [11815410] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - U.S. food and drug administration's dioxin monitoring program AN - 39868237; 3885563 AU - South, P AU - Egan, S K AU - Troxell, T AU - Bolger, P M Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39868237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=U.S.+food+and+drug+administration%27s+dioxin+monitoring+program&rft.au=South%2C+P%3BEgan%2C+S+K%3BTroxell%2C+T%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=South&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Dioxin 2004, TU Berlin Servicegesellschaft mbH, Hardenbergstr. 19, 10623 Berlin, Germany; URL: www.dioxin2004.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of tributyltin chloride (TBTCI) on seroid hrmone and seroidogenic ezymes in sprague-dawley male rat AN - 39858730; 3880223 AU - Kang, T S AU - Lee, S J AU - Shin, J-H AU - Kang, I H AU - Kim, T S AU - Moon, HJ AU - Ki, HY AU - Bae, H AU - Dong AU - Yoon, Y-D Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39858730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+tributyltin+chloride+%28TBTCI%29+on+seroid+hrmone+and+seroidogenic+ezymes+in+sprague-dawley+male+rat&rft.au=Kang%2C+T+S%3BLee%2C+S+J%3BShin%2C+J-H%3BKang%2C+I+H%3BKim%2C+T+S%3BMoon%2C+HJ%3BKi%2C+HY%3BBae%2C+H%3BDong%3BYoon%2C+Y-D&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Dioxin 2004, TU Berlin Servicegesellschaft mbH, Hardenbergstr. 19, 10623 Berlin, Germany; URL: www.dioxin2004.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Applications of ground-based radar to mine slope monitoring AN - 39848374; 3866579 AU - McHugh, EL AU - Sabine, C AU - Long, D Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39848374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Applications+of+ground-based+radar+to+mine+slope+monitoring&rft.au=McHugh%2C+EL%3BSabine%2C+C%3BLong%2C+D&rft.aulast=McHugh&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Telehealth performance measurement and the hidden telehealth system AN - 39844426; 3876617 AU - Puskin, D S AU - Procopio, L AU - Jones, G AU - Pie, R AU - Hassol, A Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39844426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Telehealth+performance+measurement+and+the+hidden+telehealth+system&rft.au=Puskin%2C+D+S%3BProcopio%2C+L%3BJones%2C+G%3BPie%2C+R%3BHassol%2C+A&rft.aulast=Puskin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Amer. Telemedicine Assn., 1100 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA; URL: www.americantelemed.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - PBDE and PCB levels correlated in wild caught and farm-raised fish fillets in the USA AN - 39802460; 3883452 AU - Hayward, D AU - Wong, J AU - Krynitsky, A Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39802460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=PBDE+and+PCB+levels+correlated+in+wild+caught+and+farm-raised+fish+fillets+in+the+USA&rft.au=Hayward%2C+D%3BWong%2C+J%3BKrynitsky%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Dioxin 2004, TU Berlin Servicegesellschaft mbH, Hardenbergstr. 19, 10623 Berlin, Germany; URL: www.dioxin2004.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rimonabant, a CB1 antagonist, blocks nicotine-conditioned place preferences. AN - 66977384; 15486497 AB - The effects of Rimonabant (SR141716), an antagonist at cannabinoid CB1 receptors, were evaluated in animal models for subjective and rewarding effects of nicotine. Acute administration of 1 or 3 mg/kg SR141716 blocked expression of nicotine-induced conditioned place preferences. SR141716 (0.3-3 mg/kg) was also studied in rats trained to discriminate nicotine from saline under a fixed-ratio schedule of food delivery. In contrast to nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion, SR141716 did not have nicotine-like discriminative effects and did not alter the dose-response curve for nicotine discrimination. These findings support the proposed use of SR141716 for smoking cessation and indicate that it would selectively reduce the influence of environmental stimuli that contribute to persistent smoking behavior, without affecting subjective responses to nicotine. JF - Neuroreport AU - Le Foll, Bernard AU - Goldberg, Steven R AD - Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. blefoll@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/09/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 15 SP - 2139 EP - 2143 VL - 15 IS - 13 SN - 0959-4965, 0959-4965 KW - Nicotinic Agonists KW - 0 KW - Piperidines KW - Pyrazoles KW - Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - rimonabant KW - RML78EN3XE KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Drug Interactions KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Male KW - Behavior, Animal KW - Piperidines -- pharmacology KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Pyrazoles -- pharmacology KW - Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Nicotine -- pharmacology KW - Reinforcement (Psychology) KW - Nicotinic Agonists -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66977384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroreport&rft.atitle=Rimonabant%2C+a+CB1+antagonist%2C+blocks+nicotine-conditioned+place+preferences.&rft.au=Le+Foll%2C+Bernard%3BGoldberg%2C+Steven+R&rft.aulast=Le+Foll&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.date=2004-09-15&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=2139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroreport&rft.issn=09594965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of antitumor activity of an interleukin-13 (IL-13) receptor-targeted cytotoxin composed of IL-13 antagonist and Pseudomonas exotoxin. AN - 66908536; 15448012 AB - We have shown previously that a chimeric fusion protein composed of human interleukin-13 (IL-13) and Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), termed IL-13 cytotoxin (IL13-PE38), is specifically cytotoxic to various cancer cell lines and primary cell cultures derived from a variety of solid cancers. In addition, we have shown that IL-13 mutant IL-13E13K, in which glutamic acid (E) residue at position 13 of IL-13 molecule was substituted by a lysine (K), is a powerful antagonist of IL-13 and binds to IL-13 receptor with a higher affinity compared with wild-type IL-13. In this study, we have generated an IL-13 cytotoxin IL13E13K-PE38, in which IL-13 antagonist is fused to PE to determine whether this molecule has improved cytotoxicity to tumor cells compared with wild type (wt)IL13-PE38. Highly purified IL13E13K-PE38 was tested in various tumor cell lines including seven glioblastoma multiforme cell lines to compare its binding to the cells, in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo antitumor activity, and safety in mouse model with wtIL13-PE38. IL13E13K-PE38 bound to U251MG and IL-13Ralpha2 chain-transfected tumor cell lines with 3 to 10 times higher affinity compared with wtIL13-PE38. However, IL13E13K-PE38 did not show higher cytotoxicity compared with wtIL13-PE38 in glioblastoma multiforme or any other cell lines tested. The antitumor activity of IL13E13K-PE38, when administered intraperitoneally to nude mice bearing U251 tumors, was also similar to wtIL13-PE38. Some improvement in antitumor activity was observed when lower doses of IL13E13K-PE38 were injected intratumorally in subcutaneous tumors. These results indicate that in general, IL13E13K-PE38 mediates similar cytotoxicity and antitumor activity to wtIL13-PE38 despite its improved binding affinity to IL-13 receptors. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Kioi, Mitomu AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/09/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 15 SP - 6231 EP - 6238 VL - 10 IS - 18 Pt 1 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Cytotoxins KW - Exotoxins KW - IL13-PE38 KW - IL13E13K-PE38 protein KW - IL13RA1 protein, human KW - Il13ra1 protein, mouse KW - Interleukin-13 KW - Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit KW - Receptors, Interleukin KW - Receptors, Interleukin-13 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Mice, Nude KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Glioblastoma -- drug therapy KW - Mice KW - Cell Proliferation KW - Protein Binding KW - Neoplasm Transplantation KW - Binding, Competitive KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Interleukin-13 -- chemistry KW - Exotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- metabolism KW - Cytotoxins -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Exotoxins -- chemistry KW - Bacterial Toxins -- pharmacology KW - Pseudomonas -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- chemistry KW - Interleukin-13 -- pharmacology KW - Interleukin-13 -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66908536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+antitumor+activity+of+an+interleukin-13+%28IL-13%29+receptor-targeted+cytotoxin+composed+of+IL-13+antagonist+and+Pseudomonas+exotoxin.&rft.au=Kioi%2C+Mitomu%3BKawakami%2C+Koji%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kioi&rft.aufirst=Mitomu&rft.date=2004-09-15&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=18+Pt+1&rft.spage=6231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a dipeptide motif regulating IFN-gamma receptor 2 plasma membrane accumulation and IFN-gamma responsiveness. AN - 66858252; 15356148 AB - The IFN-gammaR complex is composed of two IFN-gammaR1 and two IFN-gammaR2 polypeptide chains. Although IFN-gammaR1 is constitutively expressed on all nucleated cells, IFN-gammaR2 membrane display is selective and tightly regulated. We created a series of fluorescent-tagged IFN-gammaR2 expression constructs to follow the molecule's cell surface expression and intracellular distribution. Truncation of the receptor immediately upstream of Leu-Ile 255-256 (254X) created a receptor devoid of signaling that overaccumulated on the cell surface. In addition, this truncated receptor inhibited wild-type IFN-gammaR2 activity and therefore exerted a dominant negative effect. In-frame deletion (255Delta2) or alanine substitution (LI255-256AA) of these amino acids created mutants that overaccumulated on the plasma membrane, but had enhanced function. Single amino acid substitutions (L255A or I256A) had a more modest effect. In-frame deletions upstream (253Delta2), but not downstream (257Delta2), of Leu-Ile 255-256 also led to overaccumulation. A truncation within the IFN-gammaR2 Jak2 binding site (270X) led to a mutant devoid of function that did not overaccumulate and did not affect wild-type IFN-gammaR2 signaling. We have created a series of novel mutants of IFN-gammaR2 that have facilitated the identification of intracellular domains that control IFN-gammaR2 accumulation and IFN-gamma responsiveness. In contrast to IFN-gammaR1, not only dominant negative, but also dominant gain-of-function, mutations were created through manipulation of IFN-gammaR2 Leu-Ile 255-256. These IFN-gammaR2 mutants will allow fine dissection of the role of IFN-gamma signaling in immunity. Copyright 2004 The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Rosenzweig, Sergio D AU - Schwartz, Owen M AU - Brown, Margaret R AU - Leto, Thomas L AU - Holland, Steven M AD - Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/09/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 15 SP - 3991 EP - 3999 VL - 173 IS - 6 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Dipeptides KW - 0 KW - IFNGR2 protein, human KW - Luminescent Proteins KW - Protein Sorting Signals KW - Receptors, Interferon KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Green Fluorescent Proteins KW - 147336-22-9 KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Mannosidases KW - EC 3.2.1.- KW - endo-1,4-beta-D-mannanase KW - EC 3.2.1.78 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Amino Acid Motifs -- immunology KW - Protein Sorting Signals -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Motifs -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Intracellular Fluid -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- physiology KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Cell Aggregation -- genetics KW - Down-Regulation -- genetics KW - Transfection KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Mannosidases -- pharmacology KW - Intracellular Fluid -- chemistry KW - Signal Transduction -- genetics KW - Intracellular Fluid -- immunology KW - Signal Transduction -- immunology KW - Mannosidases -- metabolism KW - Cell Aggregation -- immunology KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Luminescent Proteins -- genetics KW - Cell Line KW - Receptors, Interferon -- physiology KW - Dipeptides -- chemistry KW - Interferon-gamma -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Cell Membrane -- immunology KW - Dipeptides -- physiology KW - Cell Membrane -- genetics KW - Receptors, Interferon -- genetics KW - Interferon-gamma -- metabolism KW - Interferon-gamma -- physiology KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Interferon -- metabolism KW - Dipeptides -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66858252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+dipeptide+motif+regulating+IFN-gamma+receptor+2+plasma+membrane+accumulation+and+IFN-gamma+responsiveness.&rft.au=Rosenzweig%2C+Sergio+D%3BSchwartz%2C+Owen+M%3BBrown%2C+Margaret+R%3BLeto%2C+Thomas+L%3BHolland%2C+Steven+M&rft.aulast=Rosenzweig&rft.aufirst=Sergio&rft.date=2004-09-15&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3991&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass spectrometric measurement of differential reactivity of cysteine to localize protein-ligand binding sites. Application to tubulin-binding drugs. AN - 66805946; 15325307 AB - A new method for localizing binding sites of noncovalent drugs on proteins is presented. We have developed an accurate and high-throughput method based on the mass spectrometric measurement of differential reaction yield of cysteine alkylation (MS-DRC). This method, essentially a semiquantitative footprinting approach, is applicable to any type of ligand targeting cysteine-rich proteins because the method measures the reactivity change of each cysteine toward an alkylating agent instead of monitoring the drug itself. Thus, no modification of the drug is needed. In this study, the method is evaluated using tubulin as a model system. Tubulin and drug-treated tubulin were alkylated separately with several alkylating reagents, followed by proteolysis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and HPLC-MS. Relative alkylation yields of each cysteine toward the reagents were measured by mass spectrometric quantitation. The reaction yields of each cysteine of two samples were compared to detect a particular cysteine (or cysteines) for which reaction yield was markedly decreased following drug binding. Monobromobimane (mBrB) showed the highest differential.Thus, the MS-DRC method with mBrB was evaluated with various tubulin agents, including the covalent agent T138067 and the noncovalent agents colchicine, podophyllotoxin, and 2-methoxyestradiol. Conformational changes induced by drug binding, as well as sites of direct binding, may be identified. JF - Analytical biochemistry AU - Kim, Yeoun Jin AU - Pannell, Lewis K AU - Sackett, Dan L AD - National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/09/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 15 SP - 376 EP - 383 VL - 332 IS - 2 SN - 0003-2697, 0003-2697 KW - Alkylating Agents KW - 0 KW - Ligands KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - Tubulin KW - Guanosine Diphosphate KW - 146-91-8 KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Drug Delivery Systems KW - Guanosine Diphosphate -- metabolism KW - Alkylating Agents -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Alkylating Agents -- chemistry KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Protein Binding KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Protein Conformation KW - Binding Sites KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- metabolism KW - Cysteine -- chemistry KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- chemistry KW - Tubulin -- chemistry KW - Tubulin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66805946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Mass+spectrometric+measurement+of+differential+reactivity+of+cysteine+to+localize+protein-ligand+binding+sites.+Application+to+tubulin-binding+drugs.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Yeoun+Jin%3BPannell%2C+Lewis+K%3BSackett%2C+Dan+L&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Yeoun&rft.date=2004-09-15&rft.volume=332&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.issn=00032697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer Incidence Among Pesticide Applicators Exposed to Atrazine in the Agricultural Health Study AN - 17861132; 6031526 AB - BACKGROUND: Atrazine is the most heavily applied agricultural pesticide for crop production in the United States. Both animal and human studies have suggested that atrazine is possibly carcinogenic, but results have been mixed. We evaluated cancer incidence in atrazine-exposed pesticide applicators among 53 943 participants in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. METHODS: We obtained detailed pesticide exposure information using a self-administered questionnaire completed at the time of enrollment (1993-1997). Cancer incidence was followed through December 31, 2001. We used adjusted Poisson regression to calculate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of multiple types of cancer among atrazine exposed applicators. P sub(trend) values were calculated using atrazine exposure as a continuous variable, and all statistical tests were two- sided. Two exposure metrics were used: quartiles of lifetime days of exposure and quartiles of intensity-weighted lifetime days of exposure. RESULTS: 36 513 (68%) applicators reported ever using atrazine; exposure was not associated with overall cancer incidence. Comparisons of cancer incidence in applicators with the highest atrazine exposure and those with the lowest exposure, assessed by lifetime days (RR sub(LD)) and intensity-weighted lifetime days (RR sub(IWLD)) of exposure yielded the following results: prostate cancer, RR sub(LD) = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.63 to 1.23, P sub(trend) = .26, and RR sub(IWLD) = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.63 to 1.25, P sub(trend) = .35; lung cancer, RR sub(LD) = 1.91, 95% CI = 0.93 to 3.94, P sub(trend) = .08, and RR sub(IWLD) = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.65 to 2.86, P sub(trend) = .19; bladder cancer, RR sub(LD) = 3.06, 95% CI = 0.86 to 10.81, P sub(trend) =.18, and RR sub(IWLD) = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.24 to 2.94, P sub(trend) = .71; non-Hodgkin lymphoma, RR sub(LD) = 1.61, 95% CI = 0.62 to 4.16, P sub(trend) = .35, and RR sub(IWLD) = 1.75, 95% CI = 0.73 to 4.20, P sub(trend) = .14; and multiple myeloma, RR sub(LD) = 1.60, 95% CI = 0.37 to 7.01, P sub(trend) = .41, and RR sub(IWLD) = 2.17, 95% CI = 0.45 to 10.32, P sub(trend) = .21. CONCLUSIONS: Our analyses did not find any clear associations between atrazine exposure and any cancer analyzed. However, further studies are warranted for tumor types in which there was a suggestion of trend (lung, bladder, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma). JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Rusiecki, Jennifer A AU - De Roos, Anneclaire AU - Lee, Won Jin AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AU - Lubin, Jay H AU - Hoppin, Jane A AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Alavanja, Michael CR AD - Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch and Biostatistics Branch, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD Y1 - 2004/09/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 15 SP - 1375 EP - 1382 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 96 IS - 18 SN - 0027-8874, 0027-8874 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Pesticides KW - Atrazine KW - Agrochemicals KW - Cancer KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 5000:Pesticides UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17861132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Cancer+Incidence+Among+Pesticide+Applicators+Exposed+to+Atrazine+in+the+Agricultural+Health+Study&rft.au=Rusiecki%2C+Jennifer+A%3BDe+Roos%2C+Anneclaire%3BLee%2C+Won+Jin%3BDosemeci%2C+Mustafa%3BLubin%2C+Jay+H%3BHoppin%2C+Jane+A%3BBlair%2C+Aaron%3BAlavanja%2C+Michael+CR&rft.aulast=Rusiecki&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2004-09-15&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=1375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=00278874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agrochemicals; Atrazine; Pesticides; Occupational exposure; Cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation exposure assessment for Portsmouth naval shipyard health studies AN - 17797228; 6035105 AB - Occupational radiation exposures of 13,475 civilian nuclear shipyard workers were investigated as part of a retrospective mortality study. Estimates of annual, cumulative and collective doses were tabulated for future dose-response analysis. Record sets were assembled and amended through range checks, examination of distributions and inspection. Methods were developed to adjust for administrative overestimates and dose from previous employment. Uncertainties from doses below the recording threshold were estimated. Low-dose protracted radiation exposures from submarine overhaul and repair predominated. Cumulative doses are best approximated by a hybrid log-normal distribution with arithmetic mean and median values of 20.59 and 3.24 mSv, respectively. The distribution is highly skewed with more than half the workers having cumulative doses 95% having doses <100 mSv. The maximum cumulative dose is estimated at 649.39 mSv from 15 person-years of exposure. The collective dose was 277.42 person-Sv with 96.8% attributed to employment at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. JF - Radiation Protection Dosimetry AU - Daniels, R D AU - Taulbee, T D AU - Chen, P AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies (DSHEFS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 5555 Ridge Avenue, R-44, Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 2004/09/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 15 SP - 139 EP - 150 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 111 IS - 2 SN - 0144-8420, 0144-8420 KW - shipyards KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Radiation KW - Dose-response effects KW - Occupational exposure KW - USA, New Hampshire, Portsmouth KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17797228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+Protection+Dosimetry&rft.atitle=Radiation+exposure+assessment+for+Portsmouth+naval+shipyard+health+studies&rft.au=Daniels%2C+R+D%3BTaulbee%2C+T+D%3BChen%2C+P&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-15&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+Protection+Dosimetry&rft.issn=01448420&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New Hampshire, Portsmouth; Occupational exposure; Radiation; Dose-response effects; Mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Building an organ-specific carcinogenic database for SAR analyses. AN - 66887355; 15371237 AB - FDA reviewers need a means to rapidly predict organ-specific carcinogenicity to aid in evaluating new chemicals submitted for approval. This research addressed the building of a database to use in developing a predictive model for such an application based on structure-activity relationships (SAR). The Internet availability of the Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB) provided a solid foundation on which to base such a model. The addition of molecular structures to the CPDB provided the extra ingredient necessary for SAR analyses. However, the CPDB had to be compressed from a multirecord to a single record per chemical database; multiple records representing each gender, species, route of administration, and organ-specific toxicity had to be summarized into a single record for each study. Multiple studies on a single chemical had to be further reduced based on a hierarchical scheme. Structural cleanup involved removal of all chemicals that would impede the accurate generation of SAR type descriptors from commercial software programs; that is, inorganic chemicals, mixtures, and organometallics were removed. Counterions such as Na, K, sulfates, hydrates, and salts were also removed for structural consistency. Structural modification sometimes resulted in duplicate records that also had to be reduced to a single record based on the hierarchical scheme. The modified database containing 999 chemicals was evaluated for liver-specific carcinogenicity using a variety of analysis techniques. These preliminary analyses all yielded approximately the same results with an overall predictability of about 63%, which was comprised of a sensitivity of about 30% and a specificity of about 77%. Copyright Taylor & Francis Inc. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Young, John AU - Tong, Weida AU - Fang, Hong AU - Xie, Qian AU - Pearce, Bruce AU - Hashemi, Ray AU - Beger, Richard AU - Cheeseman, Mitchell AU - Chen, James AU - Chang, Yuan-Chin AU - Kodell, Ralph AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. jyoung@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/09/10/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 10 SP - 1363 EP - 1389 VL - 67 IS - 17 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Molecular Structure KW - Animals KW - Discriminant Analysis KW - Humans KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Drug Approval -- organization & administration KW - Molecular Weight KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Data Compression -- methods KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Data Compression -- standards KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Models, Chemical KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Toxicology KW - Internet KW - Carcinogens -- classification KW - Carcinogens -- chemistry KW - Organ Specificity KW - Databases, Factual -- standards KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66887355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Building+an+organ-specific+carcinogenic+database+for+SAR+analyses.&rft.au=Young%2C+John%3BTong%2C+Weida%3BFang%2C+Hong%3BXie%2C+Qian%3BPearce%2C+Bruce%3BHashemi%2C+Ray%3BBeger%2C+Richard%3BCheeseman%2C+Mitchell%3BChen%2C+James%3BChang%2C+Yuan-Chin%3BKodell%2C+Ralph&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-09-10&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=1363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time-dependent apoptosis of alveolar macrophages from rats exposed to bleomycin: involvement of tnf receptor 2. AN - 66887238; 15371238 AB - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) is produced by alveolar macrophages (AM) in response to bleomycin (BLM) exposure. This cytokine has been linked to BLM-induced pulmonary inflammation, an early drug effect, and to lung fibrosis, the ultimate toxic effect of BLM. The present study was carried out to study the time dependence of apoptotic signaling pathways and the potential roles of TNF receptors in BLM-induced AM apoptosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to saline or BLM (1 mg/kg) by intratracheal instillation. At 1, 3, or 7 d postexposure, AM were isolated by bronchoalveolar (BAL) lavage and evaluated for apoptosis by ELISA. The release of cytochrome c from mitochrondria, the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9, the cleavage of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and the expression of TNF receptors (TNF-R1/p55 and TNF-R2/p75), TNF-R-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (c-IAP1) were determined by immunoblotting. The results showed that BLM exposure induced AM apoptosis, with the highest apoptotic effect occurring at 1 d after exposure and gradually decreasing at 3 and 7 d postexposure, but still remaining significantly above the control level. The maximal translocation of cytochromec from mitochondria into the cytosol was observed at 1 d postexposure, whereas the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and caspase-3-dependent cleavage of PARP was found to reach a peak level at 3 d postexposure. BLM exposure had no marked effect on AM expression of TNF-R1 or caspase-8 activation, but significantly increased the expression of TNF-R2 that was accompanied by a rise in c-IAP1 and a decrease in TRAF2. This induction of TNF-R2 by BLM was significant on d 1 and increased with greater exposure time. In vitro studies showed that pretreatment of naive AM with a TNF-R2 antibody significantly inhibited BLM-induced caspase-3 activity and apoptosis. These results suggest that BLM-induced apoptosis involves multiple pathways in a time-dependent manner. Since maximal BLM-induced AM apoptosis (1 d postexposure) preceded maximal changes in caspase-9 and -3 (3 d postexposure), it is possible that a caspase-independent mechanism is involved in this initial response. These results indicate that the sustained expression of TNF-R2 in AM by BLM exposure may sensitize these cells to TNF-a-mediated toxicity. Copyright Taylor & Francis Inc. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Zhao, H W AU - Hu, S Y AU - Barger, M W AU - Ma, J K H AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, J Y C AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 2004/09/10/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 10 SP - 1391 EP - 1406 VL - 67 IS - 17 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD KW - Proteins KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I KW - TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 KW - Bleomycin KW - 11056-06-7 KW - Cytochromes c KW - 9007-43-6 KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases KW - EC 2.4.2.30 KW - Casp3 protein, rat KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Casp8 protein, rat KW - Casp9 protein, rat KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspase 8 KW - Caspase 9 KW - Caspases KW - Index Medicus KW - Translocation, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Antigens, CD -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- immunology KW - Instillation, Drug KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Caspases -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Immunoblotting KW - Antigens, CD -- physiology KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- drug effects KW - Inflammation KW - Cytochromes c -- drug effects KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- pathology KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- chemically induced KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- physiology KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Proteins -- drug effects KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Bleomycin -- toxicity KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Proteins -- physiology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- physiology KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66887238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Time-dependent+apoptosis+of+alveolar+macrophages+from+rats+exposed+to+bleomycin%3A+involvement+of+tnf+receptor+2.&rft.au=Zhao%2C+H+W%3BHu%2C+S+Y%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BMa%2C+J+K+H%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+J+Y+C&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-09-10&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=1391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular characterization of a phenanthrene degradation pathway in Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1. AN - 66790892; 15313184 AB - Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 is capable of degrading a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to ring cleavage metabolites via multiple pathways. Genes for the large and small subunits of a pyrene dioxygenase, nidA and nidB, respectively, were previously identified in M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 [Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67 (2001) 3577]. A library of the M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 genome was constructed in a fosmid vector to identify additional genes involved in PAH degradation. Twelve fosmid clones containing nidA were identified by Southern hybridization. Sequence analysis of one nidA-positive clone, pFOS608, revealed a number of additional genes involved in PAH degradation. At this locus, one putative operon contained genes involved in phthalate degradation, and another contained genes encoding a putative ABC transporter(s). A number of the genes found in this region are homologous to those involved in phenanthrene degradation via the phthalic acid pathway. The majority of phenanthrene degradation genes were located between putative transposase genes. In Escherichia coli, pFOS608 converted phenanthrene into phenanthrene cis-3,4-dihydrodiol, and converted 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid into 2'-carboxybenzalpyruvate, 2-carboxybenzaldehyde, and phthalic acid. A subclone containing nidA and nidB converted phenanthrene into phenanthrene cis-3,4-dihydrodiol, suggesting that the NidAB dioxygenase is responsible for an initial attack on phenanthrene. This study is the first to identify genes responsible for the degradation of phenanthrene via the phthalic acid pathway in Mycobacterium species. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Stingley, Robin L AU - Khan, Ashraf A AU - Cerniglia, Carl E AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/09/10/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 10 SP - 133 EP - 146 VL - 322 IS - 1 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Multienzyme Complexes KW - 0 KW - Phenanthrenes KW - Phthalic Acids KW - phenanthrene KW - 448J8E5BST KW - phthalic acid KW - 6O7F7IX66E KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - Oxygenases KW - EC 1.13.- KW - Transposases KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Transposases -- chemistry KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- metabolism KW - Transposases -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial -- physiology KW - Oxidoreductases -- chemistry KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- chemistry KW - Oxidoreductases -- genetics KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Transposases -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic -- physiology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Phenanthrenes -- metabolism KW - Mycobacterium -- genetics KW - Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Mycobacterium -- metabolism KW - Phthalic Acids -- metabolism KW - Oxygenases -- genetics KW - Oxygenases -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66790892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+of+a+phenanthrene+degradation+pathway+in+Mycobacterium+vanbaalenii+PYR-1.&rft.au=Stingley%2C+Robin+L%3BKhan%2C+Ashraf+A%3BCerniglia%2C+Carl+E&rft.aulast=Stingley&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2004-09-10&rft.volume=322&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serious ophthalmic pathology compromising vision in HCV/HIV co-infected patients treated with peginterferon alpha-2b and ribavirin. AN - 66795582; 15316341 AB - To characterize the ocular changes associated with peginterferon alpha 2b (peg-IFN alpha-2b) and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection in HIV co-infected individuals. A prospective, open-label trial treating HIV/hepatitis C (HCV) co-infected individuals with peg-IFN alpha-2b and ribavirin at the Warren Grant Magnusson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Twenty-three patients with a high mean CD4+ T-cell count were treated with peg-IFN alpha-2b and ribavirin and followed for 40 to 88 weeks. Ophthalmologic evaluations including visual acuity, visual field testing, color vision examination and indirect ophthalmoscopy were performed at baseline and every 3 months. Eight of the 23 patients (35%) developed ophthalmologic pathology, including cotton wool spots, cataracts, and two patients developed decreased color vision. These two patients regained their color vision, one after cessation of anti-HCV therapy. Although retinal pathologies have been reported in patients treated with interferon-alpha, they have not been reported during peg-IFN alpha-2b therapy nor in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. The incidence of serious ocular pathology associated with anti-HCV therapy may be very high and is probably associated with peg-IFN alpha-2b. Increased monitoring of patients treated with peg-IFN alpha-2b for retinal and visual changes is warranted. JF - AIDS (London, England) AU - Farel, Claire AU - Suzman, Daniel L AU - McLaughlin, Mary AU - Campbell, Colleen AU - Koratich, Chad AU - Masur, Henry AU - Metcalf, Julia A AU - Robinson, Michael R AU - Polis, Michael A AU - Kottilil, Shyam AD - Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2004/09/03/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 03 SP - 1805 EP - 1809 VL - 18 IS - 13 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - Interferon-alpha KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Polyethylene Glycols KW - 30IQX730WE KW - interferon alfa-2b KW - 43K1W2T1M6 KW - Ribavirin KW - 49717AWG6K KW - peginterferon alfa-2b KW - G8RGG88B68 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Color Vision Defects -- chemically induced KW - Prospective Studies KW - Humans KW - Cataract -- chemically induced KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Vision Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Interferon-alpha -- adverse effects KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - Hepatitis C, Chronic -- drug therapy KW - Eye Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Ribavirin -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66795582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Serious+ophthalmic+pathology+compromising+vision+in+HCV%2FHIV+co-infected+patients+treated+with+peginterferon+alpha-2b+and+ribavirin.&rft.au=Farel%2C+Claire%3BSuzman%2C+Daniel+L%3BMcLaughlin%2C+Mary%3BCampbell%2C+Colleen%3BKoratich%2C+Chad%3BMasur%2C+Henry%3BMetcalf%2C+Julia+A%3BRobinson%2C+Michael+R%3BPolis%2C+Michael+A%3BKottilil%2C+Shyam&rft.aulast=Farel&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2004-09-03&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuroprotective effect of L-carnitine in the 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-evoked neurotoxicity in rats. AN - 66819616; 15331167 AB - A plant and fungal toxin, 3-NPA, acts as an inhibitor of mitochondrial function via irreversible inactivation of the mitochondrial inner membrane enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Inhibition of SDH disturbs electron transport and leads to cellular energy deficits and neuronal injury. We have shown that pretreatment with l-carnitine, while not significantly attenuating SDH inhibition, prevented hypothermia and oxidative stress-associated increased activity of free radical-scavenging enzymes. Here, a neurohistological method was applied to examine the effect of carnitine pretreatment against 3-NPA-induced neurotoxicity. Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10/group). Rats in the first group were injected twice with 3-NPA at 30 mg/kg s.c., 2 days apart, and the second group of animals received l-carnitine pretreatment at 100 mg/kg 30-40 min before 3-NPA administration. Rats in both groups were perfused 7 days later and their brains harvested. Degenerating neurons were identified and localized via the fluorescent marker Fluoro-Jade B. In the three animals that survived 3-NPA dosing, one exhibited no pathology, one exhibited moderate unilateral damage to the striatum, and the third exhibited extensive bilateral neuronal degeneration in multiple forebrain regions. In the seven surviving animals that received l-carnitine prior to 3-NPA insult, six exhibited no lesions, while one exhibited a modest unilateral lesion in the striatum. It appears that l-carnitine is protective against 3-NPA-induced toxicity, as reflected by both reduced mortality and significantly reduced neuronal degeneration. JF - Neuroscience letters AU - Binienda, Zbigniew AU - Virmani, Ashraf AU - Przybyla-Zawislak, Beata AU - Schmued, Larry AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. zbinienda@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/09/02/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 02 SP - 264 EP - 267 VL - 367 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3940, 0304-3940 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Propionates KW - 3-nitropropionic acid KW - QY4L0FOX0D KW - Carnitine KW - S7UI8SM58A KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cell Death -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Propionates -- toxicity KW - Propionates -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Carnitine -- pharmacology KW - Nerve Degeneration -- chemically induced KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Nerve Degeneration -- prevention & control KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Carnitine -- therapeutic use KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Neurotoxins -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66819616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience+letters&rft.atitle=Neuroprotective+effect+of+L-carnitine+in+the+3-nitropropionic+acid+%283-NPA%29-evoked+neurotoxicity+in+rats.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Zbigniew%3BVirmani%2C+Ashraf%3BPrzybyla-Zawislak%2C+Beata%3BSchmued%2C+Larry&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Zbigniew&rft.date=2004-09-02&rft.volume=367&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroscience+letters&rft.issn=03043940&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of Clostridium histolyticum infections in injecting drug users in England and Scotland. AN - 67287475; 15381836 AB - Clostridial infections in injecting drug users in the United Kingdom are a relatively new phenomenon that came to light in 2000 when cases of serious illness and deaths due to Clostridium novyi were recorded. In the period December 2003 to April 2004, the Anaerobe Reference Laboratory received twelve referrals of an extremely rare isolate, Clostridium histolyticum, from cases of infection in injecting drug users submitted from nine different hospitals in England and Scotland. Molecular typing of these isolates by two different methods of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR ribotyping revealed they are all indistinguishable, indicating a common source of the infections, most probably a batch of heroin that was recently distributed across the UK. JF - Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin AU - Brazier, J S AU - Gal, M AU - Hall, V AU - Morris, T E AD - Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Service of Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 15 EP - 16 VL - 9 IS - 9 KW - Index Medicus KW - England -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Male KW - Female KW - Scotland -- epidemiology KW - Clostridium histolyticum KW - Clostridium Infections -- epidemiology KW - Heroin Dependence -- microbiology KW - Clostridium Infections -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67287475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euro+surveillance+%3A+bulletin+Europeen+sur+les+maladies+transmissibles+%3D+European+communicable+disease+bulletin&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Clostridium+histolyticum+infections+in+injecting+drug+users+in+England+and+Scotland.&rft.au=Brazier%2C+J+S%3BGal%2C+M%3BHall%2C+V%3BMorris%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Brazier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Euro+surveillance+%3A+bulletin+Europeen+sur+les+maladies+transmissibles+%3D+European+communicable+disease+bulletin&rft.issn=1560-7917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field method for the determination of insoluble or total hexavalent chromium in workplace air. AN - 67085560; 15559333 AB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health method 7703 is a portable field procedure for the analysis of workplace air filter samples for hexavalent chromium (CrVI) content immediately after the samples are collected. The field method prescribes CrVI extraction from air filter samples with an ammonium sulfate/ammonium hydroxide extraction buffer using ultrasonic extraction (UE). Strong anion-exchange solid-phase extraction (SAE-SPE) is then used to separate CrVI from trivalent chromium and other interferences. Portable spectrophotometric measurement of CrVI is then conducted using the 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) method. However, it has been found that the ammonium extraction buffer does not adequately bring insoluble CrVI compounds into solution during the UE process. Thus, it was deemed necessary to modify the field method so that it would provide acceptable recoveries for insoluble CrVI compounds. To this end, a more alkaline extraction solution--sodium carbonate/sodium bicarbonate buffer--was investigated. The modified procedure using the highly alkaline extraction solution was demonstrated to be compatible with SAE-SPE cartridges when determining insoluble CrVI in air filter samples. It was found that the carbonate/bicarbonate buffer was equally effective for complete dissolution of both insoluble and soluble forms of CrVI. Furthermore, the modified procedure met desired performance criteria established for air sampling and analytical methods. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Hazelwood, Kyle J AU - Drake, Pamela L AU - Ashley, Kevin AU - Marcy, Dale AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane, Washington 99207, USA. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 613 EP - 619 VL - 1 IS - 9 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Buffers KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - chromium hexavalent ion KW - 18540-29-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Filtration KW - Solubility KW - Humans KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Chromium -- analysis KW - Workplace KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67085560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Field+method+for+the+determination+of+insoluble+or+total+hexavalent+chromium+in+workplace+air.&rft.au=Hazelwood%2C+Kyle+J%3BDrake%2C+Pamela+L%3BAshley%2C+Kevin%3BMarcy%2C+Dale&rft.aulast=Hazelwood&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photodecomposition of Pigment Yellow 74, a pigment used in tattoo inks. AN - 67061331; 15362942 AB - Tattooing has become a popular recreational practice among younger adults over the past decade. Although some of the pigments used in tattooing have been described, very little is known concerning the toxicology, phototoxicology or photochemistry of these pigments. Seven yellow tattoo inks were obtained from commercial sources and their pigments extracted, identified and quantitatively analyzed. The monoazo compound Pigment Yellow 74 (PY74; CI 11741) was found to be the major pigment in several of the tattoo inks. Solutions of commercial PY74 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) were deoxygenated using argon gas, and the photochemical reaction products were determined after exposure to simulated solar light generated by a filtered 6.5 kW xenon arc lamp. Spectrophotometric and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses indicated that PY74 photodecomposed to multiple products that were isolated using a combination of silica chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC. Three of the major photodecomposition products were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry as N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide (o-acetoacetanisidide), 2-(hydroxyimine)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide and N,N''-bis(2-methoxyphenyl)urea. These results demonstrate that PY74 is not photostable in THF and that photochemical lysis occurs at several sites in PY74 including the hydrazone and amide groups. The data also suggest that the use of PY74 in tattoo inks could potentially result in the formation of photolysis products, resulting in toxicity at the tattoo site after irradiation with sunlight or more intense light sources. JF - Photochemistry and photobiology AU - Cui, Yanyan AU - Spann, Andrew P AU - Couch, Letha H AU - Gopee, Neera V AU - Evans, Frederick E AU - Churchwell, Mona I AU - Williams, Lee D AU - Doerge, Daniel R AU - Howard, Paul C AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 2004 SP - 175 EP - 184 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - Hydrazones KW - pigment yellow 74 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Photolysis KW - Aniline Compounds -- chemistry KW - Ink KW - Tattooing -- instrumentation KW - Coloring Agents -- chemistry KW - Hydrazones -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67061331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.atitle=Photodecomposition+of+Pigment+Yellow+74%2C+a+pigment+used+in+tattoo+inks.&rft.au=Cui%2C+Yanyan%3BSpann%2C+Andrew+P%3BCouch%2C+Letha+H%3BGopee%2C+Neera+V%3BEvans%2C+Frederick+E%3BChurchwell%2C+Mona+I%3BWilliams%2C+Lee+D%3BDoerge%2C+Daniel+R%3BHoward%2C+Paul+C&rft.aulast=Cui&rft.aufirst=Yanyan&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-04-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Photochem Photobiol. 2004 Sep-Oct;80(2):155-6 [15362953] Photochem Photobiol. 2004 Sep-Oct;80(2):157 [15335273] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternative anaerobic enrichments to the bacteriological analytical manual culture method for isolation of Shigella sonnei from selected types of fresh produce. AN - 66986447; 15493668 AB - Alternative methods of reducing oxygen during anaerobic enrichment in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) Shigella culture method were evaluated and compared to the current and less practical GasPak method. The alternative anaerobic methods included the use of reducing agents in Shigella broth and reducing culture container headspace volume to minimize atmospheric effects on oxygen concentration in Shigella broth during enrichment. The reducing agents evaluated were sodium thioglycollate, L-cystine, L-cysteine, titanium(III) citrate, and dithiothreitol, each at concentrations of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01%. The use of Oxyrase for Broth with the enrichment medium (Shigella broth) was evaluated at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 microL/mL. Recoveries of chill- and freeze-stressed S. sonnei strains 357 and 20143 were determined with each anaerobic method, including the GasPak method, using inoculation levels ranging from 10(0)to 10(3) cells. For each anaerobic method, strain, inoculation level, and stress type, 5 replicate enrichments were evaluated by streaking to MacConkey agar for isolation. The numbers of cultures with each method from which S. sonnei was isolated were used to compare the alternative anaerobic methods to the GasPak method. The alternative anaerobic method with which chill- and freeze-stressed S. sonnei strains 357 and 20143 were isolated most consistently was the use of Oxyrase for Broth in Shigella broth at a concentration of 20 microL/mL. This method was compared to the GasPak anaerobic method in evaluations on the recovery of S. sonnei strains 357 and 20143 from artificially contaminated test portions of parsley, cilantro, green onions, strawberries, carrots, and celery. A third anaerobic method included the use of 0.5 cm mineral oil overlay on cultures containing Oxyrase for Broth at concentrations of 20 microL/mL. Recovery rates of strain 357 were significantly greater (p 0.05) between the GasPak and Oxyrase for Broth anaerobic methods occurred when mineral oil overlay was used with Oxyrase for Broth. The use of Oxyrase for Broth with a 0.5 cm mineral oil overlay is a practical alternative for anaerobic enrichment with the BAM method in the analysis of some produce types. Differences in recovery among the different produce types and methods occurred between S. sonnei strains 357 and 20143, emphasizing the need for additional S. sonnei strains in future evaluations. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Jacobson, Andrew P AU - Thunberg, Richard L AU - Johnson, Mildred L AU - Hammack, Thomas S AU - Andrews, Wallace H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, HFS-5 16, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD 20740, USA. andrew.jacobson@fda.hhs.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1115 EP - 1122 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Vegetables -- microbiology KW - Anaerobiosis KW - Food Microbiology KW - Shigella sonnei -- isolation & purification KW - Shigella sonnei -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66986447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Alternative+anaerobic+enrichments+to+the+bacteriological+analytical+manual+culture+method+for+isolation+of+Shigella+sonnei+from+selected+types+of+fresh+produce.&rft.au=Jacobson%2C+Andrew+P%3BThunberg%2C+Richard+L%3BJohnson%2C+Mildred+L%3BHammack%2C+Thomas+S%3BAndrews%2C+Wallace+H&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and validation of a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry procedure for confirmation of para-toluenesulfonamide in edible fish fillet tissue. AN - 66985587; 15493666 AB - Chloramine-T is a disinfectant being developed as a treatment for bacterial gill disease in cultured fish. As part of the drug approval process, a method is required for the confirmation of chloramine-T residues in edible fish tissue. The marker residue that will be used to determine the depletion of chloramine-T residues from the edible tissue of treated fish is para-toluenesulfonamide (p-TSA), a metabolite of chloramine-T. The development and validation of a procedure for the confirmation of p-TSA is described. Homogenized fish tissue is dried by mixing with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the mixture is extracted with methylene chloride. The extract is passed through a silica gel solid-phase extraction column, from which p-TSA is subsequently eluted with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract is evaporated, and the oily residue is dissolved in hexane. The hexane solution is shaken with fresh acetonitrile. The acetonitrile solution is evaporated and the residue is redissolved in dilute potassium hydroxide solution. The aqueous solution is extracted with methylene chloride to further remove more of the fat co-extractive. The aqueous solution is reacted with pentafluorobenzyl bromide in presence of tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate. The resulting di-(pentafluorobenzyl) derivative of p-TSA is analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. This method permits the confirmation of p-TSA in edible fish tissue at 20 ppb. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Idowu, Olutosin R AU - Kijak, Philip J AU - Meinertz, Jeffery R AU - Schmidt, Larry J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. oidowu@cvm.fda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1098 EP - 1108 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Sulfonamides KW - 0 KW - Toluene KW - 3FPU23BG52 KW - 4-toluenesulfonamide KW - I8266RI90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fishes KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Toluene -- analogs & derivatives KW - Sulfonamides -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Toluene -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66985587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Development+and+validation+of+a+gas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry+procedure+for+confirmation+of+para-toluenesulfonamide+in+edible+fish+fillet+tissue.&rft.au=Idowu%2C+Olutosin+R%3BKijak%2C+Philip+J%3BMeinertz%2C+Jeffery+R%3BSchmidt%2C+Larry+J&rft.aulast=Idowu&rft.aufirst=Olutosin&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1098&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multiresidue pesticide monitoring procedure using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring for the determination of pesticides containing nitrogen, sulfur, and/or oxygen in fruits and vegetables. AN - 66983696; 15493682 AB - A procedure for the analysis of over 100 pesticides that only contain combinations of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen (i.e., no phosphorous or halogen atoms) has been developed. The procedure employs gas chromatography with a mass selective detector (GC/MSD), electron impact ionization, and selected ion monitoring. This GC/MSD procedure provided lower limits of quantitation and increased confirmational data compared to the traditional element-selective GC procedures that are commonly used for the detection of this "class" of pesticides. These analytical improvements were demonstrated by 26 pesticides that were detected at ng/g levels in a variety of fruit and vegetable matrixes using this procedure; these pesticides were missed by the traditional element-selective GC procedures. Validation of the procedure was performed using acetone extraction with solid-phase extraction cleanup. Twenty representative target pesticides were used to demonstrate repeatability and linearity of the chromatographic response and recovery from fruit and vegetable matrixes. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Mercer, Gregory E AU - Hurlbut, Jeffrey A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Pacific Regional Laboratory Northwest, 22201 23rd Dr SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA. gmercer@ora.fda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1224 EP - 1236 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Vegetables -- chemistry KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Fruit -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66983696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=A+multiresidue+pesticide+monitoring+procedure+using+gas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry+and+selected+ion+monitoring+for+the+determination+of+pesticides+containing+nitrogen%2C+sulfur%2C+and%2For+oxygen+in+fruits+and+vegetables.&rft.au=Mercer%2C+Gregory+E%3BHurlbut%2C+Jeffrey+A&rft.aulast=Mercer&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatitis B and hepatitis C seroprevalence and risk behaviour among community-recruited drug injectors in North West Wales. AN - 66962735; 15481216 AB - We estimated the prevalence of markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and injecting risk behaviour, among community-recruited injecting drug users (IDUs) in North West Wales in 2001 and 2002. Sample collection was undertaken by trained current and former IDUs. Oral fluid samples (n = 153) were tested as part of the Unlinked Anonymous Prevalence Monitoring Programme ongoing survey of IDUs. Approximately 12% of the sample reported that they were currently in a drug treatment programme. Of the 153 samples screened 27% (95% CI 20%-34%, 41/153) were anti-HBc positive, and 23% (95% CI 16%-30%, 35/153) were anti-HCV positive. Sixteen per cent (95% CI 10%-22%, 25/ 153) of the samples were positive for both anti-HBc and anti-HCV. Of the subjects 15% (95% CI 9%-20%) knew they had been vaccinated against hepatitis B. Direct sharing of needles and syringes in the 28 days prior to interview was reported by 44% (95% CI 35%-54%), and sharing of any equipment including that used for drug preparation prior to injection was reported by 66% (95% CI 57%-76%). In North West Wales, syringe sharing is a common practice, and a high proportion of IDUs have been exposed to bloodborne viruses. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage within this population appears to be low and needs to be increased. Further efforts are needed to improve the availability of clean injecting equipment. JF - Communicable disease and public health AU - Craine, N AU - Walker, A M AU - Williamson, S AU - Brown, A AU - Hope, V D AD - National Public Health Service for Wales Microbiology Bangor, Bangor. noel.craine@nphs.wales.nhs.uk Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 216 EP - 219 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1462-1843, 1462-1843 KW - Hepatitis B Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Hepatitis C Antibodies KW - Heroin KW - 70D95007SX KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Seroepidemiologic Studies KW - Adult KW - Wales -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis C Antibodies -- isolation & purification KW - Male KW - Hepatitis B Antibodies -- isolation & purification KW - Female KW - Hepatitis C -- transmission KW - Hepatitis C -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - Hepatitis B -- transmission KW - Hepatitis B -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66962735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communicable+disease+and+public+health&rft.atitle=Hepatitis+B+and+hepatitis+C+seroprevalence+and+risk+behaviour+among+community-recruited+drug+injectors+in+North+West+Wales.&rft.au=Craine%2C+N%3BWalker%2C+A+M%3BWilliamson%2C+S%3BBrown%2C+A%3BHope%2C+V+D&rft.aulast=Craine&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communicable+disease+and+public+health&rft.issn=14621843&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Self-reported flight hours vs. company records for epidemiologic studies of flight attendants. AN - 66932262; 15460634 AB - Although there is increased interest in health effects studies of aircrew members, the differences between self-reported work history and company records, including effects on exposure assessment, are poorly characterized. We collected both self-reported work history and company records as part of a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health biomonitoring study of reproductive hormones in 45 female flight attendants. These two sources of work history information were compared to identify differences which might impact the assessment of work exposures. There appeared to be consistent overreporting of self-reported block time and number of flight segments compared with company record-based estimates. Overreporting in turn inflated the assessment of two important exposures: cosmic ionizing radiation estimated dose and time zones crossed. Factors including domicile, block hours per year of work, and length of employment affected the amount and direction of overreporting. Comparison to compensated credit hours, including nonflight hours, did not fully account for the overreporting. Self-report of block time may or may not include compensated nonflight hours, resulting in differences when compared to company records. Exposure bias is likely to result if the complexities of self-report are not considered when writing questionnaires. Aircrew members should be asked for additional occupational information, and a comparison of self-report block time to a sample of company records should be considered prior to exposure assessment and epidemiologic analysis. JF - Aviation, space, and environmental medicine AU - Grajewski, Barbara AU - Atkins, Debra J AU - Whelan, Elizabeth A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. bag2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 806 EP - 810 VL - 75 IS - 9 SN - 0095-6562, 0095-6562 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Health Physics KW - Reproduction -- radiation effects KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Mental Recall KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Female KW - Cosmic Radiation -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Aviation KW - Self Disclosure KW - Medical Records KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66932262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aviation%2C+space%2C+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Self-reported+flight+hours+vs.+company+records+for+epidemiologic+studies+of+flight+attendants.&rft.au=Grajewski%2C+Barbara%3BAtkins%2C+Debra+J%3BWhelan%2C+Elizabeth+A&rft.aulast=Grajewski&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aviation%2C+space%2C+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=00956562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: foodborne hazards--what we heard. AN - 66922703; 15453604 JF - Journal of food protection AU - Buchanan, Robert L Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 2072 EP - 2074 VL - 67 IS - 9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Bioterrorism KW - Food Microbiology KW - Risk Assessment -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66922703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=1st+International+Conference+on+Microbiological+Risk+Assessment%3A+foodborne+hazards--what+we+heard.&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+Robert+L&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2072&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications of chemical mixtures in public health practice. AN - 66880250; 15371239 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is a federal public health agency that investigates and strives to prevent human health problems produced by exposure to toxic chemicals and their mixtures in the environment. Most human exposures involving toxic chemicals or mixtures are thought to originate from environmental and occupational sources; however, concurrent exposures are also likely from other sources, such as prescription and nonprescription drugs, indoor air pollutants, alcohol, and tobacco smoke. Thus, in evaluating the potential hazard following exposure to environmental mixtures, ATSDR not only considers the inherent joint toxicity of the mixture but also the influence of environmental, demographic, occupational, and lifestyle factors. To foster these goals, ATSDR has pursued a Mixtures Research and Assessment Program that consists of three component efforts: trend analysis, joint toxicity assessment, and experimental testing. Through trend analysis, ATSDR sets priorities for environmental mixtures of concern for which joint toxicity assessments are conducted as needed. If data are not available to conduct appropriate assessments, a research agenda is pursued through established extramural mechanisms. Ultimately, the data generated are used to support ATSDR's work at sites involving exposure to chemical mixtures. This pragmatic approach allows testable hypotheses or research needs to be identified and resolved and enhances our understanding of the mechanisms of joint toxicity. Several collaborative and cooperative efforts with national and international organizations such as the Toxicology and Nutrition Office, the Netherlands, and the Department of Energy are being pursued as part of these activities. ATSDR also develops guidance manuals to consistently and accurately apply current methodologies for the joint toxicity assessment of chemicals. Further, expert panels often are assembled to resolve outstanding scientific issues or obtain expert advice on pertinent issues. Recently, the need for studies on chemical mixtures has been proposed as one of the six priority areas the agency identified in its agenda for public health environmental research. This has been reinforced through the agency's close work with communities whose leaders have spoken passionately about their concern for information on exposures to chemical mixtures. The five other priority research areas the agency identified are exposure, susceptible populations, communities and tribal involvement, evaluation/surveillance of health effects, and health promotion/prevention. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews AU - de Rosa, C T AU - El-Masri, H A AU - Pohl, H AU - Cibulas, W AU - Mumtaz, M M AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cyd0@cdc.gov PY - 2004 SP - 339 EP - 350 VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 1093-7404, 1093-7404 KW - Complex Mixtures KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Research -- organization & administration KW - Cooperative Behavior KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Interinstitutional Relations KW - Algorithms KW - Organizational Objectives KW - Needs Assessment KW - Risk Assessment KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Peer Review, Research KW - International Cooperation KW - Decision Trees KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Data Collection KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Registries KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Environmental Health KW - Public Health Practice KW - United States Public Health Service -- organization & administration KW - Complex Mixtures -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66880250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.atitle=Implications+of+chemical+mixtures+in+public+health+practice.&rft.au=de+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BEl-Masri%2C+H+A%3BPohl%2C+H%3BCibulas%2C+W%3BMumtaz%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=de+Rosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.issn=10937404&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor allergens, asthma, and asthma-related symptoms among adolescents in Wuhan, China. AN - 66847804; 15350953 AB - Information on indoor allergen exposures among non-Western populations, which have lower prevalence of atopic illness, is scant. We examined whether exposures to common indoor allergens were associated with doctor-diagnosed asthma and asthma-related symptoms among Chinese adolescents. A cross-sectional study of 4,185 ninth grade students was conducted at 22 randomly selected schools in Wuhan, China. Information on respiratory health and exposures to indoor allergens was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire completed in class. Having animals currently was associated with persistent cough [prevalence odds ratio (POR)=1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI ): 1.21-2.11] and wheeze (POR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.03-1.94). Early-life exposure to animals was also associated with doctor-diagnosed asthma (POR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.35-2.82). Associations with respiratory symptoms strengthened with higher levels of exposure and for exposure in both early childhood and in adolescence. Exposure to cockroaches and having mold/water damage in the home contributed especially to wheezing (POR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.41-2.90 for cockroaches; POR=2.49, 95% CI: 1.82-3.40 for mold/water damage). Indoor allergen exposures were positively associated with asthma diagnosis and persistent respiratory symptoms among Chinese adolescents. Neither early-life nor current exposure to animals was protective for asthma or asthma-related symptoms. JF - Annals of epidemiology AU - Salo, Päivi M AU - Xia, Jiang AU - Johnson, C Anderson AU - Li, Yan AU - Avol, Edward L AU - Gong, Jie AU - London, Stephanie J AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Epidemiology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 543 EP - 550 VL - 14 IS - 8 SN - 1047-2797, 1047-2797 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - China -- epidemiology KW - Cats KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Dogs KW - Population KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Animals, Domestic -- immunology KW - Prevalence KW - Allergens -- immunology KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Allergens -- classification KW - Allergens -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66847804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Indoor+allergens%2C+asthma%2C+and+asthma-related+symptoms+among+adolescents+in+Wuhan%2C+China.&rft.au=Salo%2C+P%C3%A4ivi+M%3BXia%2C+Jiang%3BJohnson%2C+C+Anderson%3BLi%2C+Yan%3BAvol%2C+Edward+L%3BGong%2C+Jie%3BLondon%2C+Stephanie+J&rft.aulast=Salo&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A4ivi&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=10472797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Epidemiol. 1990 Dec;132(6):1176-84 [2260550] Clin Exp Allergy. 1994 Apr;24(4):353-8 [8039021] Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Feb;3(1):7-14 [12582308] Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Nov 15;156(10):977-83 [12419771] Lancet. 2002 Sep 7;360(9335):781-2 [12241839] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Sep;110(9):961-7 [12204833] JAMA. 2002 Aug 28;288(8):963-72 [12190366] Clin Exp Allergy. 2002 Aug;32(8):1155-9 [12190651] Thorax. 1994 Dec;49(12):1205-10 [7878553] Clin Exp Allergy. 1997 May;27(5):540-5 [9179428] Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1997 Jun;78(6):544-54; quiz 555-6 [9207717] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997 Dec;100(6 Pt 1):S2-24 [9438476] Allergy. 1998 Feb;53(2):120-8 [9534909] Int J Epidemiol. 1998 Feb;27(1):41-8 [9563692] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 May;157(5 Pt 1):1536-41 [9603135] Clin Exp Allergy. 1998 Apr;28 Suppl 1:2-7; discussion 32-6 [9641582] Eur Respir J. 1998 Aug;12(2):315-35 [9727780] Clin Exp Allergy. 1998 Oct;28(10):1178-81 [9824383] Clin Exp Allergy. 1998 Oct;28(10):1191-200 [9824385] Clin Exp Allergy. 1999 Jan;29(1):28-34 [10051699] Thorax. 1999 Mar;54(3):268-72 [10325905] Thorax. 1999 Jan;54(1):27-32 [10343627] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jun;107 Suppl 3:473-80 [10423390] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jun;107 Suppl 3:481-3 [10423391] Lancet. 1999 Sep;354 Suppl 2:SII12-5 [10507253] Clin Exp Allergy. 2000 Feb;30(2):187-93 [10651770] Clin Exp Allergy. 2000 Feb;30(2):194-200 [10651771] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Feb;105(2 Pt 2):S503-8 [10669532] Thorax. 2000 May;55(5):424-31 [10770825] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 May;161(5):1563-6 [10806155] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Sep;162(3 Pt 1):930-5 [10988108] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Sep;162(3 Pt 2):S128-33 [10988167] Clin Exp Allergy. 2000 Nov;30(11):1536-9 [11069560] Toxicology. 2000 Nov 2;152(1-3):47-52 [11090939] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Nov;108(11):1023-8 [11102291] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Mar;107(3):455-60 [11240945] Lancet. 2001 Mar 10;357(9258):752-6 [11253969] Thorax. 2001 May;56(5):406-11 [11312411] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Apr;163(5):1108-12 [11316644] Prev Med. 2001 May;32(5):437-45 [11330994] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 May;107(5):790-6 [11344344] Clin Exp Allergy. 2001 Apr;31(4):570-5 [11359424] Pediatrics. 2001 Jun;107(6):E98 [11389296] Thorax. 2001 Sep;56 Suppl 2:ii58-63 [11514708] Clin Exp Allergy. 2001 Aug;31(8):1225-31 [11529892] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Oct;108(4):509-15 [11590373] Lancet. 2001 Oct 6;358(9288):1129-33 [11597666] Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001 Oct;87(4):296-302 [11686421] Clin Exp Allergy. 2001 Dec;31(12):1839-45 [11737034] Chest. 2002 Jan;121(1):6-8 [11796423] Clin Exp Allergy. 2002 Mar;32(3):361-6 [11940064] Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Oct;1(5):407-12 [11964720] Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002 Apr;2(2):133-9 [11964762] Epidemiology. 2002 May;13(3):288-95 [11964930] Clin Exp Allergy. 2002 May;32(5):714-20 [11994095] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002 May;109(5):784-8 [11994700] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatitis C infection and injection drug use: the role of hepatologists in evolving treatment efforts. AN - 66845810; 15349886 AB - Treatment regimens for both substance abuse and hepatitis C infection are complex and evolving. New pharmacotherapy for opioid addiction allows for office-based treatment and, thus, an opportunity for expanded treatment in the context of hepatitis C infection. The current article addresses the newly evolving, complex issues in the medical management of hepatitis C and injection drug use. Copyright 2004 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases JF - Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) AU - Kresina, Thomas F AU - Seeff, Leonard B AU - Francis, Henry AD - Center on AIDS and other Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. tk13v@nih.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 516 EP - 519 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0270-9139, 0270-9139 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Hepatitis C -- drug therapy KW - Hepatitis C -- etiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- therapy KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66845810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hepatology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.%29&rft.atitle=Hepatitis+C+infection+and+injection+drug+use%3A+the+role+of+hepatologists+in+evolving+treatment+efforts.&rft.au=Kresina%2C+Thomas+F%3BSeeff%2C+Leonard+B%3BFrancis%2C+Henry&rft.aulast=Kresina&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hepatology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.%29&rft.issn=02709139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction of a temperature-sensitive phenotype into influenza A/WSN/33 virus by altering the basic amino acid domain of influenza virus matrix protein. AN - 66820392; 15331690 AB - Our previous studies with influenza A viruses indicated that the association of M1 with viral RNA and nucleoprotein (NP) is required for the efficient formation of helical ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and for the nuclear export of RNPs. RNA-binding domains of M1 map to the following two independent regions: a zinc finger motif at amino acid positions 148 to 162 and a series of basic amino acids (RKLKR) at amino acid positions 101 to 105. Altering the zinc finger motif of M1 reduces viral growth slightly. A substitution of Ser for Arg at either position 101 or position 105 of the RKLKR domain partially reduces the nuclear export of RNP and viral replication. To further understand the role of the zinc finger motif and the RKLKR domain in viral assembly and replication, we introduced multiple mutations by using reverse genetics to modify these regions of the M gene of influenza virus A/WSN/33. Of multiple mutants analyzed, a double mutant, R101S-R105S, of RKLKR resulted in a temperature-sensitive phenotype. The R101S-R105S double mutant had a greatly reduced ratio of M1 to NP in viral particles and a weaker binding of M1 to RNPs. These results suggest that mutations can be introduced into the RKLKR domain to control viral replication. JF - Journal of virology AU - Liu, Teresa AU - Ye, Zhiping AD - Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 9585 EP - 9591 VL - 78 IS - 18 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - M-protein, influenza virus KW - 0 KW - M1 protein, Influenza A virus KW - RNA, Viral KW - Ribonucleoproteins KW - Viral Matrix Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Active Transport, Cell Nucleus KW - Animals KW - Chick Embryo KW - Humans KW - Temperature KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Virus Replication -- physiology KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Phenotype KW - Virus Replication -- genetics KW - Transfection KW - Zinc Fingers -- genetics KW - Dogs KW - Ribonucleoproteins -- metabolism KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - RNA, Viral -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Cell Line KW - Influenza A virus -- physiology KW - Viral Matrix Proteins -- genetics KW - Influenza A virus -- genetics KW - Viral Matrix Proteins -- chemistry KW - Viral Matrix Proteins -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66820392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Introduction+of+a+temperature-sensitive+phenotype+into+influenza+A%2FWSN%2F33+virus+by+altering+the+basic+amino+acid+domain+of+influenza+virus+matrix+protein.&rft.au=Liu%2C+Teresa%3BYe%2C+Zhiping&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Teresa&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=9585&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Virol. 1987 Feb;61(2):239-46 [2433462] Annu Rev Biochem. 1983;52:467-506 [6351727] J Gen Virol. 1988 Aug;69 ( Pt 8):1859-72 [3404117] J Virol. 1989 Sep;63(9):3586-94 [2474671] Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Nov 11;17(21):8569-80 [2479906] Virology. 1991 Feb;180(2):617-24 [1989386] Cell. 1991 Feb 8;64(3):489-97 [1991319] Cell. 1991 Oct 4;67(1):117-30 [1913813] Cell. 1992 May 15;69(4):577-8 [1375129] J Virol. 1992 Oct;66(10):5815-24 [1527844] J Gen Virol. 1994 Jan;75 ( Pt 1):37-42 [8113738] J Virol. 1995 Jan;69(1):439-45 [7983740] J Virol. 1995 Mar;69(3):1964-70 [7853543] J Virol. 1996 Oct;70(10):6653-7 [8794300] J Virol. 1996 Dec;70(12):8391-401 [8970960] J Virol. 1996 Dec;70(12):8639-44 [8970989] J Gen Virol. 1995 Apr;76 ( Pt 4):1009-14 [9049350] Nat Struct Biol. 1997 Mar;4(3):239-44 [9164466] J Gen Virol. 1997 Jul;78 ( Pt 7):1589-96 [9225034] Virology. 1998 Jan 5;240(1):127-37 [9448697] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 May 12;95(10):5746-51 [9576955] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 3;96(16):9345-50 [10430945] J Virol. 1999 Sep;73(9):7467-73 [10438836] Cell. 1985 Mar;40(3):627-33 [3882238] J Virol. 2000 Feb;74(4):1781-6 [10644350] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 May 23;97(11):6108-13 [10801978] Virology. 2001 Mar 1;281(1):102-8 [11222100] Virology. 2001 Sep 1;287(2):405-16 [11531417] J Virol. 2002 Dec;76(24):13055-61 [12438632] Virology. 2002 Dec 5;304(1):89-96 [12490406] Virology. 1972 Jan;47(1):181-96 [4110126] J Virol. 1980 Nov;36(2):470-9 [7431487] J Virol. 1980 Nov;36(2):586-90 [7431489] Virology. 1980 Dec;107(2):548-51 [6256950] Cell. 1981 Nov;26(3 Pt 1):391-400 [7326745] J Gen Virol. 1982 Apr;59(Pt 2):403-8 [7077304] Virology. 1982 Apr 30;118(2):466-70 [7090187] J Virol. 1982 Dec;44(3):871-6 [7176019] Virology. 1988 Jun;164(2):562-6 [3369093] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symptom onset in the first 2 years of employment at a wood products plant using diisocyanates: some observations relevant to occupational medical screening. AN - 66782694; 15307121 AB - Questionnaires are essential tools for medical screening, but their role in monitoring workers at increased risk of occupational asthma (OA) remains indeterminate. Employees who were at a newly established wood products plant without previous exposure to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) completed an initial questionnaire and from one to four follow-up questionnaires during a 2-year period. Onset of symptoms in 132 workers was assessed by exposure groups and modeled using generalized estimating equations. Onset of attacks of dyspnea with wheeze, attacks of dyspnea or cough at rest, and chest tightness were significantly associated with MDI exposure after controlling for age, smoking, and wood dust exposure. Onset of cough on most days was significantly related to smoking and dust. Onset of phlegm production was significantly related to both MDI and dust exposure. Onset of certain symptoms is significantly associated with MDI exposure. Early detection of MDI-associated health effects using a short screening questionnaire appears feasible. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Wang, Mei-Lin AU - Petsonk, Edward L AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. mlw4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 226 EP - 233 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Isocyanates KW - 0 KW - 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate KW - 101-68-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Employment KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Mass Screening KW - Isocyanates -- toxicity KW - Wood KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66782694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Symptom+onset+in+the+first+2+years+of+employment+at+a+wood+products+plant+using+diisocyanates%3A+some+observations+relevant+to+occupational+medical+screening.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Mei-Lin%3BPetsonk%2C+Edward+L&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Mei-Lin&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of data limitations when modeling fatal occupational injury rates. AN - 66781426; 15307126 AB - Occupational fatal injury rate studies are often based upon uncertain and variable data. The numerator in rate calculations is often obtained from surveillance systems that can understate the true number of deaths. Worker-years, the denominator in many occupational rate calculations, are frequently estimated from sources that exhibit different amounts of variability. Effects of these data limitations on analyses of trends in occupational fatal injuries were studied using computer simulation. Fatality counts were generated assuming an undercount. Employment estimates were produced using two different strategies, reflecting either frequent but variable measurements or infrequent, precise estimates with interpolated estimates for intervening years. Poisson regression models were fit to the generated data. A range of empirically motivated fatality rate and employment parameters were studied. Undercounting fatalities resulted in biased estimation of the intercept in the Poisson regression model. Relative bias in the trend estimate was near zero for most situations, but increased when a change in fatality undercounting over time was present. Biases for both the intercept and trend were larger when small employment populations were present. Denominator options resulted in similar rate and trend estimates, except where the interpolated method did not capture true trends in employment. Data quality issues such as consistency of conditions throughout the study period and the size of population being studied affect the size of the bias in parameter estimation. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Bena, James F AU - Bailer, A John AU - Loomis, Dana AU - Richardson, David AU - Marshall, Steve AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 44195, USA. jbena@bio.ri.ccf.org Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 271 EP - 283 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Employment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Uncertainty KW - Humans KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Cause of Death KW - Risk Assessment KW - Population Surveillance KW - Computer Simulation KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Models, Statistical KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66781426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Effects+of+data+limitations+when+modeling+fatal+occupational+injury+rates.&rft.au=Bena%2C+James+F%3BBailer%2C+A+John%3BLoomis%2C+Dana%3BRichardson%2C+David%3BMarshall%2C+Steve&rft.aulast=Bena&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Child Development and Behavior Branch. Report to the NACHHD Council. AN - 62126208; ED484413 AB - The Child Development and Behavior Branch (CDBB), within the Center for Research for Mothers and Children, has grown in the past four years from supporting five programs to supporting seven, with a concomitant increase in the number of grants of more than 50 percent, and a corresponding increase of more than 87 percent in overall funding. During this time, the CDBB has continued to fund high-quality research on all aspects of child development and human behavior, to vigorously identify gaps in research knowledge, and to develop new initiatives to close these gaps. This report describes how the Branch goes about identifying and addressing gaps and the areas of science managed within each program and provides an overview of major initiatives accomplished or under way. The CDBB continues to emphasize interdisciplinary research, both in the design and implementation of studies, and in training the next generation of developmental scientists. Moreover, the Branch strives to increase research support for new and innovative methodologies to measure the development of complex cognitive, linguistic, social, perceptual, biological, genetic, environmental, and educational variables relevant to human maturation across the life span. The following are appended: (1) Branch Solicitations; (2) Branch Publications; and (3) Branch Personnel. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 58 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Behavior Development KW - Social Influences KW - Family Environment KW - Learning Disabilities KW - Research Projects KW - Biological Influences KW - Cognitive Psychology KW - Child Development KW - Language Minorities KW - Family Literacy KW - School Readiness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62126208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Child+Development+and+Behavior+Branch.+Report+to+the+NACHHD+Council.&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Opinion: Translation of pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics: a regulatory perspective AN - 21334463; 11937992 AB - Pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics provide methodologies that can lead to DNA-based tests to improve drug selection, identify optimal dosing, maximize drug efficacy or minimize the risk of toxicity. Rapid advances in basic research have identified many opportunities for the development of 'personalized' treatments for individuals and/or subsets of patients defined by genetic and/or genomic tests. However, the integration of these tests into routine clinical practice remains a major multidisciplinary challenge, and even for well-established biomarkers there has been little progress. Here, we consider this challenge from a regulatory perspective, highlighting recent initiatives from the FDA that aim to facilitate the integration of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics into drug development and clinical practice. JF - Nature Reviews: Drug Discovery AU - Lesko, Lawrence J AU - Woodcock, Janet AD - Lawrence J. Lesko is Director of the Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 763 EP - 769 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW UK VL - 3 IS - 9 SN - 1474-1776, 1474-1776 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Integration KW - Translation KW - pharmacogenomics KW - Reviews KW - Drug development KW - Toxicity KW - genomics KW - Drugs KW - biomarkers KW - Pharmacogenetics KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21334463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews%3A+Drug+Discovery&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+Translation+of+pharmacogenomics+and+pharmacogenetics%3A+a+regulatory+perspective&rft.au=Lesko%2C+Lawrence+J%3BWoodcock%2C+Janet&rft.aulast=Lesko&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Reviews%3A+Drug+Discovery&rft.issn=14741776&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnrd1499 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Translation; Integration; pharmacogenomics; Reviews; Drug development; genomics; Toxicity; biomarkers; Drugs; Pharmacogenetics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd1499 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The correlation between clinical and echocardiographic outcome with presence of the HLA antibodies in cellular and decellularized cryopreserved human heart valve allografts AN - 21273104; 6135999 JF - Human Immunology AU - Contini-Duarte, D AU - Kneib, C AU - Omairi, K AU - Vieira, IN AU - Paladino, V S AU - Costa, MA AU - Ferreira, S M AU - Mendonca, JGR AU - Costa, M B AU - Colatusso, C AU - Lopes, SAV AU - Dohmen, P AU - Kornetz, W AU - Costa, FDA AU - Von Glehn, CQC Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 65 IS - 9-10 SN - 0198-8859, 0198-8859 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Histocompatibility antigen HLA KW - Antibodies KW - Heart transplantation KW - Cryopreservation KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21273104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Immunology&rft.atitle=The+correlation+between+clinical+and+echocardiographic+outcome+with+presence+of+the+HLA+antibodies+in+cellular+and+decellularized+cryopreserved+human+heart+valve+allografts&rft.au=Contini-Duarte%2C+D%3BKneib%2C+C%3BOmairi%2C+K%3BVieira%2C+IN%3BPaladino%2C+V+S%3BCosta%2C+MA%3BFerreira%2C+S+M%3BMendonca%2C+JGR%3BCosta%2C+M+B%3BColatusso%2C+C%3BLopes%2C+SAV%3BDohmen%2C+P%3BKornetz%2C+W%3BCosta%2C+FDA%3BVon+Glehn%2C+CQC&rft.aulast=Contini-Duarte&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=9-10&rft.spage=S43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Immunology&rft.issn=01988859&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.humimm.2004.07.077 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Histocompatibility antigen HLA; Antibodies; Heart transplantation; Cryopreservation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2004.07.077 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eating Disorder or Disordered Eating? Non-normative Eating Patterns in Obese Individuals AN - 19413015; 6042996 AB - Binge eating disorder (BED) and night eating syndrome (NES) are putative eating disorders frequently seen in obese individuals. Data suggest that BED fulfills criteria for a mental disorder. Criteria for NES are evolving but at present do not require distress or functional impairment. It remains unclear whether BED and NES, as they are currently defined, are optimally useful for characterizing distinct patient subgroups. We propose that a distinction be made between "eating disorders" and "non-normative" eating patterns without associated distress or impairment. Although non-normative eating patterns may not be considered mental disorders, they may be very important in terms of their impact on body weight and health. More precise behavioral and metabolic characterization of subgroups with eating disorders and non-normative eating behaviors has important implications for understanding the etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of obesity. Ultimately, better understanding of the many pathways to increased energy intake may lead to targeted strategies for prevention of overweight and obesity in at-risk individuals and populations. JF - Obesity Research AU - Tanofsky-Kraff, Marian AU - Yanovski, Susan Z AD - Unit on Growth and Obesity, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and. Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1361 EP - 1366 PB - North American Association for the Study of Obesity, 1090 Amsterdam Ave., Ste. 14K New York NY 10025 USA, [mailto:helener@mindspring.com], [URL:http://www.naaso.org] VL - 12 IS - 9 SN - 1071-7323, 1071-7323 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Obesity KW - Eating disorders KW - Preventive health KW - Strategy KW - Diet (weight control) KW - Patients KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19413015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obesity+Research&rft.atitle=Eating+Disorder+or+Disordered+Eating%3F+Non-normative+Eating+Patterns+in+Obese+Individuals&rft.au=Tanofsky-Kraff%2C+Marian%3BYanovski%2C+Susan+Z&rft.aulast=Tanofsky-Kraff&rft.aufirst=Marian&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Obesity+Research&rft.issn=10717323&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Obesity; Preventive health; Eating disorders; Strategy; Diet (weight control); Patients ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effects of Ventilation and Preburn Time on Water Mist Extinguishing of Diesel Fuel Pool Fires AN - 18049799; 6028190 AB - The goal of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Pittsburgh Research Laboratory Fire Fighting and Prevention Program is to reduce the number of fires and fire-related injuries in the mining industry. As part of this effort, water mist is being evaluated for the suppression of underground mine fires, such as fires in diesel fuel storage areas. In this study a series of large-scale fire tests was conducted to investigate the effects of ventilation and preburn time on water mist extinguishing of three diesel fuel pool fires with heat release rates of 230 kW, 1, and 3 MW. The experiments were conducted in a simulated underground coal mine diesel fuel storage area under three ventilation conditions: no ventilation, natural ventilation, and forced ventilation and with two preburn times for the no ventilation condition: 30 s and 1 min. Without ventilation the 230 kW fire was the most difficult to extinguish; with natural ventilation the 1 MW fire took the longest time to extinguish; and with forced ventilation the 3 MW fire was the most challenging one. With the 30-s preburn time, the extinguishing time was nearly the same for the 230 kW fire as with the 1-min preburn time, while it increased for both 1 and 3 MW fires, with the 1 MW fire being the most difficult to extinguish. The extinguishing mechanisms including fuel surface cooling, flame cooling, and oxygen depletion and displacement are discussed. The critical water flow rate is estimated for the fires extinguished by the surface cooling mechanism. JF - Journal of Fire Sciences AU - Yuan, Liming AU - Lazzara, C P AD - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, P.O. Box 18070, Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, lcy6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 379 EP - 404 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0734-9041, 0734-9041 KW - water mists KW - surface cooling KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Ventilation KW - Mists KW - Flow rates KW - Oxygen depletion KW - Flammability KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18049799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fire+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+Effects+of+Ventilation+and+Preburn+Time+on+Water+Mist+Extinguishing+of+Diesel+Fuel+Pool+Fires&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Liming%3BLazzara%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Liming&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fire+Sciences&rft.issn=07349041&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0734904104042438 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Ventilation; Flammability; Mists; Flow rates; Oxygen depletion DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904104042438 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Potential Sources of Arsenic Exposure During Scrapyard Work at a Former Uranium Enrichment Facility AN - 18031228; 6020047 JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Methner, M M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - D96 EP - D100 VL - 1 IS - 9 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - scrapyards KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Arsenic KW - Heavy metals KW - Uranium KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18031228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Potential+Sources+of+Arsenic+Exposure+During+Scrapyard+Work+at+a+Former+Uranium+Enrichment+Facility&rft.au=Methner%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Methner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=D96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490484621 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenic; Occupational exposure; Heavy metals; Uranium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490484621 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the Durability of Medical Examination Gloves AN - 18028672; 6020053 AB - This study determined the durability of various types of medical examination gloves using a laboratory test developed by the researchers. Results of this testing are compared with a simulated clinical method, also developed by the researchers, found to produce failures at rates similar to actual clinical use. Ten types of exam gloves were tested. One set of gloves was tested using a glove durability method. A second set was worn and conditioned using a simulated clinical method for comparison. The third set consisted of a control set of gloves that were not stressed. Samples consisted of 100 gloves combined from 2 or 4 manufacturers. All gloves were water-leak tested as the last step. The glove durability method created failures at similar rates to the simulated clinical method. The majority of the defects were located in the finger regions of the gloves. Durability of powdered and powder-free vinyl gloves was inferior to that of other glove types tested, with failure rates ranging from 24% to 42%, compared with 3% to 17% for the other glove types tested. Glove durability was also affected by the powdered state of the gloves and the user having long fingernails. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Kerr, L N AU - Chaput, M P AU - Cash, L D AU - O'Malley, L G AU - Sarhrani, E M AU - Teixeira, J C AU - Boivin, W S AU - Mailhot, SA AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center, 109 Holton Street, Winchester, MA 01890, USA, lesley.kerr@fda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 607 EP - 612 VL - 1 IS - 9 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Protective clothing KW - Materials testing KW - Laboratory testing KW - Gloves KW - Medical personnel KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18028672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+Durability+of+Medical+Examination+Gloves&rft.au=Kerr%2C+L+N%3BChaput%2C+M+P%3BCash%2C+L+D%3BO%27Malley%2C+L+G%3BSarhrani%2C+E+M%3BTeixeira%2C+J+C%3BBoivin%2C+W+S%3BMailhot%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490491803 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Protective clothing; Gloves; Materials testing; Laboratory testing; Medical personnel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490491803 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An initial farmer evaluation of a NIOSH AutoROPS prototype AN - 18028537; 5977511 AB - This evaluation study is a part of the NIOSH safety engineering research program on developing new types of rollover protective structures (ROPS) for farm tractors. Each year hundreds of people die as a result of agricultural tractor rollovers. The use of rollover protective structures (ROPS), along with seat belts, is the best-known method for reducing the frequency of these fatalities. One impediment to ROPS use, however, is low clearance situations, such as orchards and animal confinement buildings. Adjustable ROPS have been developed by the agricultural equipment industry to address the issue of low clearance situations. If these adjustable ROPS are used properly, they are quite effective systems. The problem is that they require the operator to take an active role in making sure the ROPS is properly adjusted when not in a low clearance situation; a task some operators may not consistently perform. To address the need for ROPS that are easily adapted to low clearance situations, NIOSH researchers have developed an automatically deploying, telescoping ROPS (AutoROPS). The objective of this study was to get an initial measurement of the usability of the NIOSH AutoROPS among tractor operators who would be probable users of this new technology. The study was not intended to evaluate all of the factors in the use of the AutoROPS. This study only examines whether farmers had an initial positive interest in this new concept for preventing tractor rollover-related fatalities. The procedure for comparing the AutoROPS prototype with a foldable ROPS was of a general nature. What was being sought were general opinions about the concept. A cost comparison was not a factor in this study. However, cost-effectiveness is an important criterion in the NIOSH design. The farmer group was of the opinion that the AutoROPS deployment is more effective than the manual ROPS alternative (p<0.0001) and that the protection effectiveness provided by AutoROPS will be superior to the protection provided by manual ROPS (p<0.01). Of great prevention importance was the increase in interest in purchasing a tractor with an AutoROPS compared to purchasing a tractor with manual ROPS (p<0.0001). This result indicates that this new technology may successfully achieve wide use on the farm. Farmer opinions indicate the need for further design work to improve seating restraint and the method for lowering the structure. Based on the results of this study, NIOSH will be able to make recommendations to companies interested in developing and manufacturing an AutoROPS for the farm workplace. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Etherton, J AU - McKenzie, EA Jr AU - Lutz, T AU - Cantis, D AU - Kau, T-Y AD - Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown WV 26505-2888, USA, jrel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 155 EP - 165 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Protective equipment KW - Accidents KW - safety engineering KW - rollover KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18028537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=An+initial+farmer+evaluation+of+a+NIOSH+AutoROPS+prototype&rft.au=Etherton%2C+J%3BMcKenzie%2C+EA+Jr%3BLutz%2C+T%3BCantis%2C+D%3BKau%2C+T-Y&rft.aulast=Etherton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ergon.2004.03.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Accidents; Mortality; Agriculture; Motor vehicles; Occupational exposure; Injuries; Protective equipment; safety engineering; rollover DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2004.03.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Subassemblies of Pertussis Toxin Subunits In Vivo and Their Interaction with the Ptl Transport Apparatus AN - 18019652; 5992132 AB - Pertussis toxin (PT) has an AB sub(5) structure that is typical of many bacterial protein toxins; however, this toxin is more complex than many toxins since it is composed of five different subunit types, subunits S1 to S5. Little is known about how PT assembles in vivo and how and when it interacts with its secretion apparatus, known as the Ptl transporter. In order to better understand these events, we expressed subsets of the genes encoding the S1, S2, and/or S4 subunits of PT in strains of Bordetella pertussis that either did or did not produce the Ptl proteins. We found evidence to suggest that certain subassemblies of the toxin, including subassemblies consisting of the S1 subunit and incomplete forms of the B oligomer, can form in vivo, at least transiently. These results suggest that the B oligomer of the toxin does not need to completely form before interactions between the S1 subunit and B-oligomer subunits can occur in vivo. All subassemblies localized primarily to the membrane fraction of the cell. Moreover, we found that Ptl-mediated secretion occurs in a strain that produces S1 and an incomplete complement of B-oligomer subunits. These results indicate that subassemblies of the toxin consisting of the S1 subunit and a partial B oligomer can interact with the Ptl system. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Burns, Drusilla L AU - Fiddner, Stefanie AU - Cheung, Anissa M AU - Verma, Anita AD - Laboratory of Respiratory and Special Pathogens, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 5365 EP - 5372 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 72 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Pertussis KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - Assembly KW - Subunits KW - pertussis toxin KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18019652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Subassemblies+of+Pertussis+Toxin+Subunits+In+Vivo+and+Their+Interaction+with+the+Ptl+Transport+Apparatus&rft.au=Burns%2C+Drusilla+L%3BFiddner%2C+Stefanie%3BCheung%2C+Anissa+M%3BVerma%2C+Anita&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Drusilla&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=5365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; pertussis toxin; Pertussis; Subunits; Assembly ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of an Integron-Borne bla sub(VIM-4) Type Metallo- beta -Lactamase Gene from a Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolate in Hungary AN - 18018243; 5991147 AB - The first integron-borne metallo- beta -lactamase gene was isolated in Hungary. The bla sub(VIM-4) gene is located on a class 1 integron that also carries a novel bla sub(OXA)-like gene. The integron is harbored by a serotype O12 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain and shows high structural similarity to integrons isolated in Greece and Poland. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Libisch, Balazs AU - Gacs, Maria AU - Csiszar, Karoly AU - Muzslay, Monika AU - Rokusz, Laszlo AU - Fuezi, Miklos AD - Department of Bacteriology, National Center for Epidemiology. Department of Internal Medicine, Central Military Hospital, Budapest. Laboratory of Bacteriology, Nograd County Institute of the National Public Health Service, Salgotarjan, Hungary Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 3576 EP - 3578 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 48 IS - 9 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clinical isolates KW - Serotypes KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - ^b-Lactamase KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18018243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+an+Integron-Borne+bla+sub%28VIM-4%29+Type+Metallo-+beta+-Lactamase+Gene+from+a+Carbapenem-Resistant+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+Clinical+Isolate+in+Hungary&rft.au=Libisch%2C+Balazs%3BGacs%2C+Maria%3BCsiszar%2C+Karoly%3BMuzslay%2C+Monika%3BRokusz%2C+Laszlo%3BFuezi%2C+Miklos&rft.aulast=Libisch&rft.aufirst=Balazs&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3576&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas aeruginosa; ^b-Lactamase; Antimicrobial agents; Clinical isolates; Serotypes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of an anti-PA-ELISA for the potency testing of anthrax vaccine in mice AN - 17829032; 6158555 AB - The potency test for the anthrax vaccine currently licensed for human use in the United States (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed) involves the protection of actively immunized guinea pigs from a lethal challenge with a virulent strain of Bacillus anthracis. Lethal challenge tests entail the use of specialized containment facilities for the safe and secure handling of the challenge strain. This potential difficulty, plus humane considerations, have prompted us to investigate non-lethal, alternative immunogenicity assays that could be considered as potency tests not only for the current vaccine, but also for vaccines under development. Immunogenicity tests will require suitable measurement of an antibody response to relevant antigens, by methods such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or a toxin neutralization assay. Any assay chosen for this purpose should be adequately validated and reproducible by other laboratories. Validation of an analytical procedure requires the demonstration that the assay is suitable for its intended purpose. The objective of this work was to study the performance of an anti-PA-ELISA designed to assess the antibody response to anthrax vaccines in mice. Validation studies were performed according to the guidelines of the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH), and we have established the working range of the assay (37-1159EU/mL) on the bases of the following parameters: linearity (20-1159EU/mL; r super(2)=0.99; p-value=0.21), accuracy (91-118% recovery), precision ( approximately equal to 20%CV, repeatability; approximately equal to 9 and approximately equal to 21%CV, intermediate precision per day and per analyst, respectively), detection limit (5EU/mL), and quantification limit (37EU/mL). We believe that assay specificity and the above characteristics are adequate to allow this ELISA to be considered for use in a mouse immunogenicity (potency) test of anthrax vaccines, and for the standardization of reagents. JF - Biologicals AU - Pombo, M AU - Berthold, I AU - Gingrich, E AU - Jaramillo, M AU - Leef, M AU - Sirota, L AU - Hsu, H AU - Arciniega, J AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US FDA, U.S.A., arciniega@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 157 EP - 163 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 1045-1056, 1045-1056 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Antibody response KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Toxins KW - Immunosorbents KW - Immunogenicity KW - Anthrax KW - Vaccines KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - W3 33240:Immunology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17829032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biologicals&rft.atitle=Validation+of+an+anti-PA-ELISA+for+the+potency+testing+of+anthrax+vaccine+in+mice&rft.au=Pombo%2C+M%3BBerthold%2C+I%3BGingrich%2C+E%3BJaramillo%2C+M%3BLeef%2C+M%3BSirota%2C+L%3BHsu%2C+H%3BArciniega%2C+J&rft.aulast=Pombo&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biologicals&rft.issn=10451056&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biologicals.2004.03.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus anthracis; Vaccines; Anthrax; Immunogenicity; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Antibody response; Immunosorbents; Toxins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2004.03.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-Term Interferon- gamma Therapy for Patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease AN - 17791419; 6056715 AB - Background. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare disorder of phagocytes in which absent production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in phagocytes predisposes patients to bacterial and fungal infections. Infections are dramatically reduced by prophylaxis with antibiotics, antifungals, and interferon- gamma (IFN- gamma ). Methods. Seventy-six patients with CGD were enrolled in an uncontrolled, open-label follow-up study to assess the long-term clinical safety and efficacy of IFN- gamma therapy. Patients received IFN- gamma subcutaneously 3 times per week. Results. We observed patients for up to 9 years, for a total observation period of 328.4 patient-years. The incidence of serious infections was 0.30 infections per patient-year; for serious bacterial infections, the incidence was 0.18 cases per patient-year, and for serious fungal infections, it was 0.12 cases per patient-year. Thirty-seven percent of patients reported an adverse event, the most common of which was fever. Twenty-six patients withdrew from the study (3 because of adverse events, 15 because of patient preference, and 8 because of transfer to another trial). There were no life-threatening IFN- gamma -related adverse events and no discernible effects on growth. The overall mortality rate was 1.5% per patient-year. Conclusion. IFN- gamma prophylaxis for CGD appears to be effective and well tolerated over a prolonged period of time. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Marciano, B E AU - Wesley, R AU - De Carlo, ES AU - Anderson, V L AU - Barnhart, LA AU - Darnell, D AU - Malech, H L AU - Gallin, JI AU - Holland, S M AD - Laboratories of Host Defenses and Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2004/09/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 01 SP - 692 EP - 699 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Fever KW - Mortality KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Phagocytes KW - ^g-Interferon KW - Superoxide KW - Chronic infection KW - Prophylaxis KW - Antibiotics KW - Chronic granulomatous disease KW - Clinical trials KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17791419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Long-Term+Interferon-+gamma+Therapy+for+Patients+with+Chronic+Granulomatous+Disease&rft.au=Marciano%2C+B+E%3BWesley%2C+R%3BDe+Carlo%2C+ES%3BAnderson%2C+V+L%3BBarnhart%2C+LA%3BDarnell%2C+D%3BMalech%2C+H+L%3BGallin%2C+JI%3BHolland%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Marciano&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=692&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ^g-Interferon; Chronic granulomatous disease; Phagocytes; Prophylaxis; Fever; Hydrogen peroxide; Superoxide; Mortality; Chronic infection; Antibiotics; Clinical trials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Initiating and Managing Risk Assessments Within a Risk Analysis Framework: FDA/CFSAN's Practical Approach AN - 17779667; 6120062 AB - Management of risk analysis involves the integration and coordination of activities associated with risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication. Risk analysis is used to guide regulatory decision making, including trade decisions at national and international levels. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) formed a working group to evaluate and improve the quality and consistency of major risk assessments conducted by the Center. Drawing on risk analysis experiences, CFSAN developed a practical framework for initiating and managing risk assessments, including addressing issues related to (i) commissioning a risk assessment, (ii) interactions between risk managers and risk assessors, and (iii) peer review. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Buchanan, Robert L AU - Dennis, Sherri AU - Miliotis, Marianne AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-06, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway 2B64, College Park, Maryland 20740- 3835, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 2058 EP - 2062 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - International trade KW - decision making KW - Food contamination KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - FDA KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17779667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Initiating+and+Managing+Risk+Assessments+Within+a+Risk+Analysis+Framework%3A+FDA%2FCFSAN%27s+Practical+Approach&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+Robert+L%3BDennis%2C+Sherri%3BMiliotis%2C+Marianne&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2058&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Reviews; International trade; Food contamination; decision making; FDA; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial Resistance Risk Assessment in Food Safety AN - 17779467; 6120046 AB - Microbiological risk assessments generally focus on estimating adverse human health risks from exposures to human pathogenic microbes. The assessment of potential human health risks posed by pathogens that have acquired resistance to antimicrobial drugs is a new application of risk assessment that is closely related to microbiological risk assessment. Antimicrobial resistance risk assessment is a risk analytical process that focuses on resistance determinants as hazardous agents that might lead to drug-resistant microbial infections in humans exposed to bacteria carrying the determinants. Antimicrobial-resistant infections could occur directly from actively invading or opportunistic pathogens or indirectly from the transfer of resistance genes to other bacteria. Here, we discuss risk assessment models that might be employed to estimate risks from drug-resistant bacteria in the animal food pathway and the types of models and data that may be used for microbiological risk assessments or antimicrobial resistance risk assessments. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Claycamp, HGregg AU - Hooberman, Barry H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, 7519 Standish Place, HFV 102, Rockville, Maryland 20855, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 2063 EP - 2071 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Drug resistance KW - Animal models KW - Food-borne diseases KW - antimicrobial resistance KW - drug resistance KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17779467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+Resistance+Risk+Assessment+in+Food+Safety&rft.au=Claycamp%2C+HGregg%3BHooberman%2C+Barry+H&rft.aulast=Claycamp&rft.aufirst=HGregg&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2063&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; drug resistance; antimicrobial resistance; Food-borne diseases; Drug resistance; Antimicrobial resistance; Animal models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Marijuana and cannabinoid regulation of brain reward circuits AN - 17708393; 6089852 AB - The reward circuitry of the brain consists of neurons that synaptically connect a wide variety of nuclei. Of these brain regions, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) play central roles in the processing of rewarding environmental stimuli and in drug addiction. The psychoactive properties of marijuana are mediated by the active constituent, Delta super(9)-THC, interacting primarily with CB1 cannabinoid receptors in a large number of brain areas. However, it is the activation of these receptors located within the central brain reward circuits that is thought to play an important role in sustaining the self-administration of marijuana in humans, and in mediating the anxiolytic and pleasurable effects of the drug. Here we describe the cellular circuitry of the VTA and the NAc, define the sites within these areas at which cannabinoids alter synaptic processes, and discuss the relevance of these actions to the regulation of reinforcement and reward. In addition, we compare the effects of Delta super(9)-THC with those of other commonly abused drugs on these reward circuits, and we discuss the roles that endogenous cannabinoids may play within these brain pathways, and their possible involvement in regulating ongoing brain function, independently of marijuana consumption. We conclude that, whereas Delta super(9)-THC alters the activity of these central reward pathways in a manner that is consistent with other abused drugs, the cellular mechanism through which this occurs is likely different, relying upon the combined regulation of several afferent pathways to the VTA. JF - British Journal of Pharmacology AU - Lupica, C R AU - Riegel, A C AU - Hoffman, A F AD - Neurophysiology Section, Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, clupica@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 227 EP - 234 VL - 143 IS - 2 SN - 0007-1188, 0007-1188 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Drug abuse KW - Anxiolytics KW - Environmental effects KW - Reinforcement KW - Cannabis KW - Self-administration KW - Cannabinoid CB1 receptors KW - Drug addiction KW - Nucleus accumbens KW - ventral tegmentum KW - Tetrahydrocannabinol KW - Reviews KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse KW - N3 11139:Toxicological and psychoactive drug correlates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17708393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Marijuana+and+cannabinoid+regulation+of+brain+reward+circuits&rft.au=Lupica%2C+C+R%3BRiegel%2C+A+C%3BHoffman%2C+A+F&rft.aulast=Lupica&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=British+Journal+of+Pharmacology&rft.issn=00071188&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.bjp.0705931 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cannabis; Reinforcement; Tetrahydrocannabinol; Drug abuse; Drug addiction; Anxiolytics; Nucleus accumbens; ventral tegmentum; Self-administration; Environmental effects; Cannabinoid CB1 receptors; Reviews DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0705931 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Absolute Myocardial Perfusion in Canines Measured by Using Dual-Bolus First- Pass MR Imaging AN - 17688168; 6002801 AB - PURPOSE: To compare fluorescent microsphere measurements of myocardial blood flow (MBF) with qualitative, semiquantitative, and fully quantitative measurements of first-pass perfusion at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Coronary artery occlusion or intracoronary adenosine infusion was successfully performed in 16 beagles; both procedures were performed simultaneously in one animal. MBF was assessed at microsphere analysis. First-pass myocardial perfusion MR imaging was performed during a dual-bolus administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine (0.0025 mmol/kg followed by 0.10 mmol/kg). The absolute myocardial perfusion at MR imaging was calculated by using Fermi function deconvolution methods. Qualitative, semiquantitative, and absolute myocardial perfusion MR imaging measurements were compared with microsphere MBF measurements by using paired t tests, linear correlation, and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: Fully quantitative (ie, absolute) analysis of MBF at MR imaging correlated with microsphere MBF measurement (r = 0.95, P 5.0 mL/min/g). Similar close correlations were observed in endocardial and epicardial segments (representing approximately 0.85 g of the myocardium). With modest increases in MBF, qualitative measurements plateaued in the hyperemic zones. Semiquantitative measurements did not correlate with MBF as well (r = 0.69-0.89); they plateaued around 3.0 mL/min/g. CONCLUSION: Dual-bolus MR imaging enabled accurate measurement of absolute epicardial and endocardial perfusion across a wide range of blood flow rates (0 to >5.0 mL/min/g). Use of qualitative MR imaging measures such as the contrast enhancement ratio led to substantially underestimated hyperemic blood flow measurements. RSNA, 2004 JF - Radiology AU - Christian, Timothy F AU - Rettmann, Dan W AU - Aletras, Anthony H AU - Liao, Steve L AU - Taylor, Joni L AU - Balaban, Robert S AU - Arai, Andrew E AD - Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bldg 10, Rm B1D416, MSC 1061, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 677 EP - 684 PB - Radiological Society of North America, 820 Jorie Blvd. Oak Brook Illinois 60523-2251 USA VL - 232 IS - 3 SN - 0033-8419, 0033-8419 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 150:Medical Imaging KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17688168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiology&rft.atitle=Absolute+Myocardial+Perfusion+in+Canines+Measured+by+Using+Dual-Bolus+First-+Pass+MR+Imaging&rft.au=Christian%2C+Timothy+F%3BRettmann%2C+Dan+W%3BAletras%2C+Anthony+H%3BLiao%2C+Steve+L%3BTaylor%2C+Joni+L%3BBalaban%2C+Robert+S%3BArai%2C+Andrew+E&rft.aulast=Christian&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=232&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiology&rft.issn=00338419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a computer-simulation model for human ambulation on stilts AN - 17569362; 6101296 AB - Stilts are elevated tools that are frequently used by construction workers to raise workers 18 to 40 inches above the ground without the burden of erecting scaffolding or a ladder. Some previous studies indicated that construction workers perceive an increased risk of injury when working on stilts. However, no in-depth biomechanical analyses have been conducted to examine the fall risks associated with the use of stilts. The objective of this study is to evaluate a computer-simulation stilts model. Three construction workers were recruited for walking tasks on 24-inch stilts. The model was evaluated using whole body center of mass and ground reaction forces. A PEAK super(TM) motion system and two Kistler super(TM) force platforms were used to collect data on both kinetic and kinematic measures. Inverse- and direct-dynamics simulations were performed using a model developed using commercial software - ADAMS and LifeMOD. For three coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the center of mass, the results of univariate analyses indicated very small variability for the mean difference between the model predictions and the experimental measurements. The results of correlation analyses indicated similar trends for the three coordinates. Plotting the resultant and vertical ground reaction force for both right and left feet showed small discrepancies, but the overall shape was identical. The percentage differences between the model and the actual measurement for three coordinates of the center of mass, as well as resultant and vertical ground reaction force, were within 20%. This newly-developed stilt walking model may be used to assist in improving the design of stilts. JF - Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology AU - Pan, C S AU - Miller, K M AU - Chiou, S AU - Wu, J Z AD - NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, cpan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 283 EP - 303 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 0219-5194, 0219-5194 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Physical Education Index; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Walking KW - Computer analysis KW - Biomechanics KW - Modeling KW - Occupational health KW - PE 100:Kinesiology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17569362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mechanics+in+Medicine+and+Biology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+computer-simulation+model+for+human+ambulation+on+stilts&rft.au=Pan%2C+C+S%3BMiller%2C+K+M%3BChiou%2C+S%3BWu%2C+J+Z&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mechanics+in+Medicine+and+Biology&rft.issn=02195194&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Walking; Modeling; Computer analysis; Occupational health; Biomechanics ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Hispanic Logger Struck and Killed by a Falling Tree Cut by a Feller Buncher Machine - North Carolina AN - 21116321; 11148070 AB - On December 8, 2003, a 23-year-old Hispanic logger (the victim) was struck by a tree cut by a feller buncher machine. After using the feller buncher to make 2 cuts on a tree that was approximately 104 Feet in height and approximately 36-inches in diameter, the operator turned to view the tree he had just cut. He observed the tree lying on top of the victim who had been assigned to work in the limbing area. The falling tree struck the victim in the cutting operations area. It is theorized that the victim had been approaching the feller buncher to communicate with the operator. The feller buncher operator ran to the foreman for assistance. When the foreman and the feller buncher operator returned, the foreman was unable to find any vital signs for the victim, and called 911 on his mobile phone. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and police personnel responded to the scene. The victim was transported by ambulance to a hospital, where he was pronounced dead in the emergency room. NIOSH investigators concluded that, to help prevent similar occurrences, employers should ensure employees understand the importance of remaining a minimum distance of 300 feet from a high speed mechanical- felling operation and not approaching until the machine operator has acknowledged that it is safe to do so ensure equipment operators properly use the equipment they are assigned to operate in accordance with manufacturers' operational guidelines ensure that workers are provided with a means of communication on the logging site develop a pre-job safety plan for the cutting site which includes hazard recognition and avoidance of unsafe conditions and ensure that it is implemented and reviewed with all workers prior to each day's cutting consider having employees wear high-visibility clothing while working on a logging site. JF - Front Hopper Gate Operator Run Over by Chip Spreader during Street Resurfacing. [np]. 31 Aug 2004. AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2004/08/31/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 31 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati OH 45226-1998 USA, [URL:http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/homepage.html] KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - cellular telephones KW - Trees KW - cuttings KW - police KW - guidelines KW - Ethnic groups KW - logging KW - Communications KW - Reviews KW - wear KW - emergency medical services KW - Hospitals KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21116321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Anonymous&rft.aulast=Anonymous&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-08-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Hispanic+Logger+Struck+and+Killed+by+a+Falling+Tree+Cut+by+a+Feller+Buncher+Machine+-+North+Carolina&rft.title=Hispanic+Logger+Struck+and+Killed+by+a+Falling+Tree+Cut+by+a+Feller+Buncher+Machine+-+North+Carolina&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Front Hopper Gate Operator Run Over by Chip Spreader during Street Resurfacing AN - 21116315; 11148069 AB - In the summer of 2002, a 21-year-old male road construction worker was crushed while making adjustments to a roadway resurfacing machine on a straight and level portion of street. The chip spreading machine was a 1992 model and was pulling a 1984 tandem axle dump truck. Three construction workers were involved in this incident: the primary operator of the chip spreading machine; a secondary side-gate or front hopper operator (the victim); and the dump truck driver. The victim had worked with this equipment 2 previous summers. It was the first day of road resurfacing at this worksite and everything was considered routine. The chip spreading machine was moving slowly forward on the roadway, pulling the rear-facing dump truck behind it. While the equipment was in operation, the side-gate operator (victim) got off the rock-chip spreading machine and went into an adjacent wooded area. He returned to his work station at the front right of the chip spreader and began adjusting the gate levers. Subsequently, he fell in front of the chip spreading machine and was run over first by the chip spreader and then by the left rear axle of the dump truck, at which time the dump truck became uncoupled from the chip spreader's hitch. The driver got out of his truck to investigate. He found the victim lying between the first and second sets of duals on the driver's side rear axles and moved the truck forward (Photo 2). The victim died at the scene from severe head and neck injuries. RECOMMENDATIONS based on our investigation are as follows: Employers must educate and instruct each employee in the recognition and avoidance of unsafe work conditions and applicable regulations associated with their work environment to control or eliminate any hazard(s) or other exposure to illness or injury. When two people are required to simultaneously perform operational tasks their work must be coordinated, which requires effective communication. Manufacturers of chip spreaders should employ engineering controls to reduce excess noise and designs that do not require an operator other than the primary operator. JF - Front Hopper Gate Operator Run Over by Chip Spreader during Street Resurfacing. [np]. 31 Aug 2004. AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2004/08/31/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 31 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati OH 45226-1998 USA, [URL:http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/homepage.html] KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - road construction KW - Noise levels KW - Noise reduction KW - Working conditions KW - Communications KW - neck injuries KW - summer KW - Trucks KW - Highways KW - Construction industry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21116315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Anonymous&rft.aulast=Anonymous&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-08-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Front+Hopper+Gate+Operator+Run+Over+by+Chip+Spreader+during+Street+Resurfacing&rft.title=Front+Hopper+Gate+Operator+Run+Over+by+Chip+Spreader+during+Street+Resurfacing&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical devices; labeling for menstrual tampons; ranges of absorbency, change from "junior" to "light." Final rule. AN - 66812759; 15329983 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule that amends its menstrual tampon labeling regulation to change the current term for tampons that absorb 6 grams (g) and under of fluid. A tampon with absorbency of 6 g or less is currently required to be labeled as "junior". FDA is changing the term "junior" to "light". The term "junior" implies that the tampon is only for younger or teenage women when, in fact, it may be appropriate for women of any age with light menstrual flow. FDA encourages women to use the lowest absorbency tampon appropriate for their flow to help minimize the risk of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS). At present, FDA requires standardized terms to be used for the labeling of a menstrual tampon to indicate its particular absorbency. This rule enables women to compare the absorbency of one brand and style of tampons with the absorbency of other brands and styles. FDA is issuing this final rule under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) to ensure that labeling of menstrual tampons is not misleading. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2004/08/25/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 25 SP - 52170 EP - 52171 VL - 69 IS - 164 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Equipment Design KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Equipment Safety KW - Absorption KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Menstrual Hygiene Products -- classification KW - Product Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Menstruation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66812759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Medical+devices%3B+labeling+for+menstrual+tampons%3B+ranges+of+absorbency%2C+change+from+%22junior%22+to+%22light.%22+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2004-08-25&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=164&rft.spage=52170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Viruses, chemicals and co-carcinogenesis. AN - 66806726; 15322520 AB - The etiology of cancers appears to be complex and multifactorial. Peyton Rous and others demonstrated the process of co-carcinogenesis by exposing rabbits to a virus and tars. Epidemiologists have proposed virus-chemical interactions to cause several cancers. For example, one might propose that the etiology of cervical cancer results from a complex interplay between oncogenic viruses and cervical tar exposures through tar-based vaginal douching, cigarette smoking, and/or long-term cooking over wood-burning stoves in poorly ventilated kitchens. Hepatocellular carcinoma may result from the joint effects of viruses and hepatotoxic chemical carcinogens. Kaposi's sarcoma might happen following reciprocal actions of human herpes virus-8 infection, immunosuppression, and chemical exposures, such as nitrite radicals and alumino-silicates. Use of Koch's postulates will not help one prove or disprove a multifactorial causation of disease; new criteria are needed. Delineating the web of causation may lead to additional strategies for prevention and treatment of several cancers. JF - Oncogene AU - Haverkos, Harry W AD - Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307, USA. haverkosh@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/08/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 23 SP - 6492 EP - 6499 VL - 23 IS - 38 SN - 0950-9232, 0950-9232 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Neoplasms -- virology KW - Virus Diseases -- complications KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66806726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncogene&rft.atitle=Viruses%2C+chemicals+and+co-carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Haverkos%2C+Harry+W&rft.aulast=Haverkos&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft.date=2004-08-23&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=38&rft.spage=6492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oncogene&rft.issn=09509232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Biomonitoring of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Human Urine by Tandem Solvent Solid Phase Extraction Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry AN - 18057445; 6014727 AB - A rapid and facile tandem solvent solid phase extraction method was established to isolate the heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (8-MeIQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, and 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole from urine. The HAAs were separated by reversed phase liquid chromatography and quantified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS) using selected reaction monitoring. The limits of detection and quantitation of these HAAs approached 1-3 and 2-8 pg/mL, respectively, using only 0.3 mL of urine for analysis. Full product ion spectra were acquired to corroborate analyte identities. The pretreatment of urine from human volunteers that had consumed a grilled beef meal with acid or base at 70 degree C increased the concentration of HAAs by as much as 6-fold, indicating the presence of phase II conjugates of the parent compounds. HAAs containing an N-methylimidazole moiety undergo facile cleavage of the N-methyl group under collision-induced dissociation conditions, and MS/MS analysis in the constant neutral loss scan mode monitoring the transition [M + H] super(+) arrow right [M + H - CH super(.) sub(3)] super(+) revealed the presence of two other HAAs. 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (IQx) was identified by coelution of the analyte with synthetic IQx and by acquisition of the product ion spectrum. The second HAA was present in a relatively high abundance in urine. The molecule had the same nominal mass as 8-MeIQx (MH super(+) at m/z 214), and the product ion spectrum was similar to that of 8-MeIQx. This novel HAA was also found in the grilled meat consumed by the volunteers at a concentration of 8 parts per billion. The accurate mass measurement and product ion spectrum of this molecule by ESI quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed that it was an isomer of 8-MeIQx. This tandem solvent solid phase extraction LC/ESI/MS/MS procedure may be used to rapidly assess the daily exposure to a variety of HAAs in urine. JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology AU - Holland, R D AU - Taylor, J AU - Schoenbachler, L AU - Jones, R C AU - Freeman, J P AU - Miller, D W AU - Lake, B G AU - Gooderham, N J AU - Turesky, R J AD - Division of Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA Y1 - 2004/08/16/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 16 SP - 1121 EP - 1136 VL - 17 IS - 8 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - N-methylimidazole KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Abundance KW - Solvents KW - Spectrometry KW - amines KW - Beef KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Urine KW - quinoxaline KW - biomonitoring KW - Quantitation KW - Ionization KW - Aromatics KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18057445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Rapid+Biomonitoring+of+Heterocyclic+Aromatic+Amines+in+Human+Urine+by+Tandem+Solvent+Solid+Phase+Extraction+Liquid+Chromatography+Electrospray+Ionization+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.au=Holland%2C+R+D%3BTaylor%2C+J%3BSchoenbachler%2C+L%3BJones%2C+R+C%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BMiller%2C+D+W%3BLake%2C+B+G%3BGooderham%2C+N+J%3BTuresky%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-16&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Ftx049910a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urine; Solvents; Spectrometry; amines; Liquid chromatography; Aromatics; Ionization; Abundance; Beef; quinoxaline; Quantitation; biomonitoring DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx049910a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse drug event reports at the United States Food And Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine. AN - 66839481; 15344359 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Hampshire, Victoria A AU - Doddy, Frederick M AU - Post, Lynn O AU - Koogler, Teresa L AU - Burgess, Tina M AU - Batten, Priscilla O AU - Hudson, Roderick AU - McAdams, Dorothy R AU - Brown, Margarita A AD - United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, MD 20885, USA. Y1 - 2004/08/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 15 SP - 533 EP - 536 VL - 225 IS - 4 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Anthelmintics KW - 0 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Macrolides KW - Quinolones KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - Etodolac KW - 2M36281008 KW - enrofloxacin KW - 3DX3XEK1BN KW - milbemycin KW - 51570-36-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Quinolones -- adverse effects KW - Horse Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca -- veterinary KW - Fluoroquinolones -- adverse effects KW - Cat Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca -- chemically induced KW - Equipment Failure -- veterinary KW - Horses KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Drug Overdose -- veterinary KW - Blindness -- chemically induced KW - Blindness -- veterinary KW - Dog Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Macrolides -- poisoning KW - Etodolac -- adverse effects KW - Drug Overdose -- etiology KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- adverse effects KW - Cats KW - Anthelmintics -- poisoning KW - Databases, Factual KW - Dogs KW - Syringes -- adverse effects KW - Veterinary Drugs -- adverse effects KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Veterinary Drugs -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66839481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Adverse+drug+event+reports+at+the+United+States+Food+And+Drug+Administration+Center+for+Veterinary+Medicine.&rft.au=Hampshire%2C+Victoria+A%3BDoddy%2C+Frederick+M%3BPost%2C+Lynn+O%3BKoogler%2C+Teresa+L%3BBurgess%2C+Tina+M%3BBatten%2C+Priscilla+O%3BHudson%2C+Roderick%3BMcAdams%2C+Dorothy+R%3BBrown%2C+Margarita+A&rft.aulast=Hampshire&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft.date=2004-08-15&rft.volume=225&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transcriptional regulation of the human TLR9 gene. AN - 66760515; 15294971 AB - To clarify the molecular basis of human TLR9 (hTLR9) gene expression, the activity of the hTLR9 gene promoter was characterized using the human myeloma cell line RPMI 8226. Reporter gene analysis and EMSA demonstrated that hTLR9 gene transcription was regulated via four cis-acting elements, cAMP response element, 5'-PU box, 3'-PU box, and a C/EBP site, that interacted with the CREB1, Ets2, Elf1, Elk1, and C/EBPalpha transcription factors. Other members of the C/EBP family, such as C/EBPbeta, C/EBPdelta, and C/EBPepsilon, were also important for TLR9 gene transcription. CpG DNA-mediated suppression of TLR9 gene transcription led to decreased binding of the trans-acting factors to their corresponding cis-acting elements. It appeared that suppression was mediated via c-Jun and NF-kappaB p65 and that cooperation among CREB1, Ets2, Elf1, Elk1, and C/EBPalpha culminated in maximal transcription of the TLR9 gene. These findings will help to elucidate the mechanism of TLR9 gene regulation and to provide insight into the process by which TLR9 evolved in the mammalian immune system. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Takeshita, Fumihiko AU - Suzuki, Koichi AU - Sasaki, Shin AU - Ishii, Norihisa AU - Klinman, Dennis M AU - Ishii, Ken J AD - Section of Retroviral Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. takesita@yokohama-cu.ac.jp Y1 - 2004/08/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 15 SP - 2552 EP - 2561 VL - 173 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - NF-kappa B KW - Receptors, Cell Surface KW - TLR9 protein, human KW - Toll-Like Receptor 9 KW - Toll-Like Receptors KW - Transcription Factors KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Humans KW - NF-kappa B -- immunology KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein -- metabolism KW - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - CpG Islands -- genetics KW - Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein -- immunology KW - CpG Islands -- immunology KW - Genes, jun -- immunology KW - Transcription, Genetic -- genetics KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Genes, Reporter -- genetics KW - Blotting, Western KW - Base Sequence KW - Transfection KW - Genes, Reporter -- immunology KW - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins -- immunology KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Cell Surface -- immunology KW - Transcriptional Activation -- immunology KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic -- immunology KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- immunology KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic -- genetics KW - Receptors, Cell Surface -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- immunology KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- immunology KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66760515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Transcriptional+regulation+of+the+human+TLR9+gene.&rft.au=Takeshita%2C+Fumihiko%3BSuzuki%2C+Koichi%3BSasaki%2C+Shin%3BIshii%2C+Norihisa%3BKlinman%2C+Dennis+M%3BIshii%2C+Ken+J&rft.aulast=Takeshita&rft.aufirst=Fumihiko&rft.date=2004-08-15&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of the role of ubiquitin-interacting motifs in ubiquitin binding and ubiquitylation. AN - 66765953; 15155768 AB - The ubiquitin-interacting motif (UIM) is a short peptide motif with the dual function of binding ubiquitin and promoting ubiquitylation. This motif is conserved throughout eukaryotes and is present in numerous proteins involved in a wide variety of cellular processes including endocytosis, protein trafficking, and signal transduction. We previously reported that the UIMs of epsin were both necessary and sufficient for its ubiquitylation. In this study, we found that many, but not all, UIM-containing proteins were ubiquitylated. When expressed as chimeric fusion proteins, most UIMs promoted ubiquitylation of the chimera. In contrast to previous studies, we found that UIMs do not exclusively promote monoubiquitylation but rather a mixture of mono-, multi-, and polyubiquitylation. However, UIM-dependent polyubiquitylation does not lead to degradation of the modified protein. UIMs also bind polyubiquitin chains of varying lengths and to different degrees, and this activity is required for UIM-dependent ubiquitylation. Mutational analysis of the UIM revealed specific amino acids that are important for both polyubiquitin binding and ubiquitin conjugation. Finally we provide evidence that UIM-dependent ubiquitylation inhibits the interaction of UIM-containing proteins with other ubiquitylated cellular proteins. Our results suggest a new model for the ubiquitylation of UIM-containing proteins. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Miller, Stephanie L H AU - Malotky, Erica AU - O'Bryan, John P AD - Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. Y1 - 2004/08/06/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 06 SP - 33528 EP - 33537 VL - 279 IS - 32 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - ANKIB1 protein, human KW - 0 KW - Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport KW - DNAJB2 protein, human KW - Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport KW - HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Molecular Chaperones KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins KW - Nuclear Proteins KW - Oligopeptides KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Peptides KW - Phosphoproteins KW - Proteins KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Repressor Proteins KW - Ubiquitin KW - Vesicular Transport Proteins KW - epsin KW - hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate KW - FLAG peptide KW - 98849-88-8 KW - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 KW - EC 2.7.11.25 KW - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases KW - MAP3K1 protein, human KW - ATXN3 protein, human KW - EC 3.4.19.12 KW - Ataxin-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Chaperones -- genetics KW - Molecular Chaperones -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- chemistry KW - Mutagenesis KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Embryo, Mammalian KW - Signal Transduction KW - Phosphoproteins -- metabolism KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Vesicular Transport Proteins -- genetics KW - Phosphoproteins -- genetics KW - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins -- genetics KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Proteins -- genetics KW - Protein Binding KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Binding Sites KW - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases -- metabolism KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Endocytosis KW - Conserved Sequence KW - Transfection KW - Kidney KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins -- metabolism KW - Vesicular Transport Proteins -- metabolism KW - Peptides -- genetics KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- genetics KW - Cell Line KW - Ubiquitin -- metabolism KW - Peptide Fragments -- chemistry KW - Peptide Fragments -- genetics KW - Peptide Fragments -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66765953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+the+role+of+ubiquitin-interacting+motifs+in+ubiquitin+binding+and+ubiquitylation.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Stephanie+L+H%3BMalotky%2C+Erica%3BO%27Bryan%2C+John+P&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Stephanie+L&rft.date=2004-08-06&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=32&rft.spage=33528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-dependence, sex- and tissue-specificity, and persistence of radiation-induced genomic DNA methylation changes. AN - 66699378; 15249225 AB - Radiation is a well-known genotoxic agent and human carcinogen that gives rise to a variety of long-term effects. Its detrimental influence on cellular function is actively studied nowadays. One of the most analyzed, yet least understood long-term effects of ionizing radiation is transgenerational genomic instability. The inheritance of genomic instability suggests the possible involvement of epigenetic mechanisms, such as changes of the methylation of cytosine residues located within CpG dinucleotides. In the current study we evaluated the dose-dependence of the radiation-induced global genome DNA methylation changes. We also analyzed the effects of acute and chronic high dose (5Gy) exposure on DNA methylation in liver, spleen, and lung tissues of male and female mice and evaluated the possible persistence of the radiation-induced DNA methylation changes. Here we report that radiation-induced DNA methylation changes were sex- and tissue-specific, dose-dependent, and persistent. In parallel we have studied the levels of DNA damage in the exposed tissues. Based on the correlation between the levels of DNA methylation and DNA damage we propose that radiation-induced global genome DNA hypomethylation is DNA repair-related. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Pogribny, Igor AU - Raiche, Joe AU - Slovack, Mark AU - Kovalchuk, Olga AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/08/06/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 06 SP - 1253 EP - 1261 VL - 320 IS - 4 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Spleen -- radiation effects KW - Sex Factors KW - Radiation Tolerance -- radiation effects KW - Mice KW - Organ Specificity KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Whole-Body Irradiation KW - Adaptation, Physiological -- physiology KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Female KW - Liver -- radiation effects KW - Male KW - Lung -- radiation effects KW - Radiation Tolerance -- genetics KW - Genomic Instability -- radiation effects KW - DNA Repair -- radiation effects KW - DNA Damage KW - DNA -- genetics KW - DNA Methylation -- radiation effects KW - DNA -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66699378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Dose-dependence%2C+sex-+and+tissue-specificity%2C+and+persistence+of+radiation-induced+genomic+DNA+methylation+changes.&rft.au=Pogribny%2C+Igor%3BRaiche%2C+Joe%3BSlovack%2C+Mark%3BKovalchuk%2C+Olga&rft.aulast=Pogribny&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft.date=2004-08-06&rft.volume=320&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Tribal TANF and CCDF Guide to Financial Management, Grants Administration, and Program Accountability AN - 881470724; ED519374 AB - This publication was developed in conjunction with a special Tribal Cluster Training, "Collaboration and Accountability as Foundations for Success," held in Portland, Oregon on August 24-25, 2004. This Tribal Cluster Training is jointly sponsored by the Office of Family Assistance (OFA), which administers the Tribal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, and the Child Care Bureau (CCB), which administers the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) program. Recognizing that the TANF and CCDF programs have a number of cross-cutting issues, this "Guide" focuses on general program administration and accountability issues that are common to the Tribal TANF and CCDF programs, including basic grants management and financial management principles, audits, and procurement and Federal property requirements. TANF and CCDF specific information is highlighted throughout the "Guide". By working collaboratively across the TANF and CCDF programs, Tribes have the opportunity to provide enhanced services to Indian families as they move along the path toward social and economic self-sufficiency. Web Sites for Agencies and Documents Referenced in this Guide are appended. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 32 PB - Child Care Bureau. US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children & Families, Office of Family Assistance, 370 L'Enfant Promenade SW 5th Floor East, Washington, DC 20447. KW - Temporary Assistance for Needy Families KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Administrators KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Operations Research KW - Financial Support KW - Program Administration KW - Grants KW - Welfare Services KW - Child Care KW - Accountability KW - Financial Audits KW - American Indians KW - Grantsmanship KW - Tribes KW - Money Management KW - Family Programs KW - Program Guides KW - Purchasing KW - Administrative Principles KW - Federal Regulation KW - Technical Assistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881470724?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Waist circumference as a measurement of obesity in the Netherlands Antilles; associations with hypertension and diabetes mellitus AN - 754894896; 13522974 AB - OBJECTIVES:: To evaluate waist circumference (WC) as a screening tool for obesity in a Caribbean population. To identify risk groups with a high prevalence of (central) obesity in a Caribbean population, and to evaluate associations between (central) obesity and self-reported hypertension and diabetes mellitus. DESIGN:: Cross-sectional. SETTING:: Population-based study. SUBJECTS:: A random sample of adults (18y or older) was selected from the Population Registries of three islands of the Netherlands Antilles. Response was over 80%. Complete data were available for 2025 subjects. INTERVENTION:: A questionnaire and measurements of weight, height, waist and hip. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT:: Central obesity indicator (WC greater than or equal to 102cm men, greater than or equal to 88cm women). RESULTS:: WC was positively associated with age (65-74y vs 18-24y) in men (OR=7.7, 95% CI 3.4-17.4) and women (OR=6.4, 95% CI 3.2-12.7). Women with a low education had a higher prevalence of central obesity than women with a high education (OR=0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.7). However, men with a high income had a higher prevalence of a central obesity than men with a low income (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.1-2.6). WC was the strongest independent obesity indicator associated with self-reported hypertension (OR=1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.0) and diabetes mellitus (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.3-1.9). CONCLUSIONS:: The identified risk groups were women aged 55-74y, women with a low educational level and men with a high income. WC appears to be the major obesity indicator associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. SPONSORSHIP:: Island Governments of Saba, St Eustatius and Bonaire, the Federal Government of the Netherlands Antilles, Dutch Directorate for Kingdom relationships.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2004) 58, 1159-1165. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601944 Published online 31 March 2004 JF - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition AU - Grievink, L AU - Alberts, J F AU - O'Niel, J AU - Gerstenbluth, I AD - [1] 1 Northern Centre for Health Care Research, University of Groningen, the Netherlands [2] 2 Epidemiology and Research Unit, Medical and Public Health Service of Curacao, Netherlands Antilles Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1159 EP - 1165 PB - Nature Publishing Group VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 0954-3007, 0954-3007 KW - Risk Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754894896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Waist+circumference+as+a+measurement+of+obesity+in+the+Netherlands+Antilles%3B+associations+with+hypertension+and+diabetes+mellitus&rft.au=Grievink%2C+L%3BAlberts%2C+J+F%3BO%27Niel%2C+J%3BGerstenbluth%2C+I&rft.aulast=Grievink&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.issn=09543007&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.ejcn.1601944 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601944 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A generalized additive model for microarray gene expression data analysis. AN - 66948687; 15468752 AB - Microarray technology allows the measurement of expression levels of a large number of genes simultaneously. There are inherent biases in microarray data generated from an experiment. Various statistical methods have been proposed for data normalization and data analysis. This paper proposes a generalized additive model for the analysis of gene expression data. This model consists of two sub-models: a non-linear model and a linear model. We propose a two-step normalization algorithm to fit the two sub-models sequentially. The first step involves a non-parametric regression using lowess fits to adjust for non-linear systematic biases. The second step uses a linear ANOVA model to estimate the remaining effects including the interaction effect of genes and treatments, the effect of interest in a study. The proposed model is a generalization of the ANOVA model for microarray data analysis. We show correspondences between the lowess fit and the ANOVA model methods. The normalization procedure does not assume the majority of genes do not change their expression levels, and neither does it assume two channel intensities from the same spot are independent. The procedure can be applied to either one channel or two channel data from the experiments with multiple treatments or multiple nuisance factors. Two toxicogenomic experiment data sets and a simulated data set are used to contrast the proposed method with the commonly known lowess fit and ANOVA methods. JF - Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics AU - Tsai, Chen-An AU - Hsueh, Huey-Miin AU - Chen, James J AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 553 EP - 573 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 1054-3406, 1054-3406 KW - Metals KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Algorithms KW - Toxicogenetics KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Models, Statistical KW - Metals -- toxicity KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66948687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biopharmaceutical+statistics&rft.atitle=A+generalized+additive+model+for+microarray+gene+expression+data+analysis.&rft.au=Tsai%2C+Chen-An%3BHsueh%2C+Huey-Miin%3BChen%2C+James+J&rft.aulast=Tsai&rft.aufirst=Chen-An&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biopharmaceutical+statistics&rft.issn=10543406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury, cadmium and arsenic contents of calcium dietary supplements. AN - 66878616; 15370826 AB - The cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) contents of calcium (Ca) supplements available on the Korean market were determined by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer using Zeeman background correction and peak area mode after microwave digestion. The mercury (Hg) content of the supplements was measured using an Hg analyser. Recoveries ranged from 92 to 98% for Hg, Cd and As analyses. Fifty-five brands of Ca supplements were classified into seven categories based on the major composite: bone, milk, oyster/clam shell, egg shell, algae, shark cartilage and chelated. The means of Hg, Cd and As in Ca supplements were 0.01, 0.02, and 0.48 mg kg(-1), respectively. Ca supplements made of shark cartilage had the highest means of Hg (0.06 mg kg(-1)) and Cd (0.13 mg kg(-1)). The mean daily intakes of Hg and Cd from the supplement were estimated as about 0.1-0.2 microg, with both contributing less than 0.4% of provisional tolerable daily intakes set by the Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization Joint Food Additive and Contaminants Committee. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Kim, Meehye AD - Department of Food Evaluation, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. meehkim@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 763 EP - 767 VL - 21 IS - 8 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Calcium, Dietary KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Ostreidae -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Arsenic Poisoning -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Child KW - Korea KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Sharks -- metabolism KW - Arsenic -- analysis KW - Cadmium -- adverse effects KW - Mercury -- adverse effects KW - Cadmium -- analysis KW - Mercury -- analysis KW - Calcium, Dietary -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66878616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Mercury%2C+cadmium+and+arsenic+contents+of+calcium+dietary+supplements.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Meehye&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Meehye&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of prediction confidence and domain extrapolation of two structure-activity relationship models for predicting estrogen receptor binding activity. AN - 66845370; 15345371 AB - Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methods have been widely applied in drug discovery, lead optimization, toxicity prediction, and regulatory decisions. Despite major advances in algorithms and software, QSAR models have inherent limitations associated with a size and chemical-structure diversity of the training set, experimental error, and many characteristics of structure representation and correlation algorithms. Whereas excellent fit to the training data may be readily attainable, often models fail to predict accurately chemicals that are outside their domain of applicability. A QSAR's utility and, in the case of regulatory decisions, justification for usage increasingly depend on the ability to quantify a model's potential for predicting unknown chemicals with some known degree of certainty. It is never possible to predict an unknown chemical with absolute certainty. Here we report on two QSAR models based on different data sets for classification of chemicals according to their ability to bind to the estrogen receptor. The models were developed by using a novel QSAR method, Decision Forest, which combines the results of multiple heterogeneous but comparable Decision Tree models to produce a consensus prediction. We used an extensive cross-validation process to define an applicability domain for model predictions based on two quantitative measures: prediction confidence and domain extrapolation. Together, these measures quantify the accuracy of each prediction within and outside of the training domain. Despite being based on large and diverse training sets, both QSAR models had poor accuracy for chemicals within the domain of low confidence, whereas good accuracy was obtained for those within the domain of high confidence. For prediction in the high confidence domain, accuracy was inversely proportional to the degree of domain extrapolation. The model with a larger training set of 1,092, compared with 232 for the other, was more accurate in predicting chemicals at larger domain extrapolation, and could be particularly useful for rapidly prioritizing potential endocrine disruptors from large chemical universe. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Tong, Weida AU - Xie, Qian AU - Hong, Huixiao AU - Shi, Leming AU - Fang, Hong AU - Perkins, Roger AD - Center for Toxicoinformatics, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. wtong@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1249 EP - 1254 VL - 112 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - Index Medicus KW - Environment KW - Software KW - Policy Making KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Humans KW - Endocrine System -- drug effects KW - Forecasting KW - Toxicogenetics -- methods KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- drug effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- physiology KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Decision Support Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66845370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+prediction+confidence+and+domain+extrapolation+of+two+structure-activity+relationship+models+for+predicting+estrogen+receptor+binding+activity.&rft.au=Tong%2C+Weida%3BXie%2C+Qian%3BHong%2C+Huixiao%3BShi%2C+Leming%3BFang%2C+Hong%3BPerkins%2C+Roger&rft.aulast=Tong&rft.aufirst=Weida&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Toxicol Sci. 2000 Mar;54(1):138-53 [10746941] SAR QSAR Environ Res. 1999;10(2-3):215-37 [10491851] J Chem Inf Comput Sci. 2001 Jan-Feb;41(1):186-95 [11206373] Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001 Mar 1;46(1-3):3-26 [11259830] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Jan;110(1):29-36 [11781162] J Nutr. 2002 Apr;132(4):658-64 [11925457] SAR QSAR Environ Res. 2002 Mar;13(1):69-88 [12074393] J Chem Inf Comput Sci. 2003 Mar-Apr;43(2):525-31 [12653517] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Aug;111(10):1361-75 [12896860] Environ Toxicol Chem. 2003 Aug;22(8):1680-95 [12924570] Chem Res Toxicol. 2003 Oct;16(10):1338-58 [14565775] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1995;25(1):67-89 [7734060] Toxicol Lett. 1995 Sep;79(1-3):45-53 [7570673] SAR QSAR Environ Res. 1995;4(2-3):83-95 [8765904] SAR QSAR Environ Res. 1994;2(1-2):89-104 [8790641] Chem Res Toxicol. 1996 Dec;9(8):1240-8 [8951225] Endocrinology. 1997 Sep;138(9):4022-5 [9275094] J Med Chem. 1997 Oct 24;40(22):3659-69 [9357533] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Oct;105(10):1116-24 [9353176] Methods. 1998 Mar;14(3):264-76 [9571083] J Med Chem. 1998 Jun 18;41(13):2261-7 [9632359] J Chem Inf Comput Sci. 1998 Jul-Aug;38(4):669-77 [9722424] Sci Total Environ. 2000 Apr 17;249(1-3):73-84 [10813448] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in popcorn production plant workers. AN - 66826565; 15332401 AB - Following sentinel case recognition, an excess of fixed airways obstruction was found among current workers in a microwave popcorn plant associated with butter flavouring exposures. In order to characterise the clinical presentation of sentinel cases, the medical records of sentinel cases were reviewed, interviews conducted and serial spirometric testing performed. Cases worked in microwave popcorn production, and five of the nine cases had mixed flavourings. Most had never smoked or smoked minimally. Cases showed onset of cough, shortness of breath and wheezing 5 months to 9 yrs after starting work at the popcorn plant. Initial forced expiratory volume in one second ranged 14.0-66.8% of the predicted value. Eight high-resolution computed tomography scans showed marked bronchial wall thickening and mosaic attenuation with air trapping. Open lung biopsy results were consistent with, or diagnostic of, constrictive bronchiolitis in two of three cases. Five cases are on lung transplantation waiting lists. After leaving employment, nearly all cases experienced stabilisation of their lung function within 2 yrs. Astute clinicians can help identify new causes of airways obstruction by alerting public health authorities to unexplained disease cases occurring in groups of workers. JF - The European respiratory journal AU - Akpinar-Elci, M AU - Travis, W D AU - Lynch, D A AU - Kreiss, K AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. melci@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 298 EP - 302 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0903-1936, 0903-1936 KW - Flavoring Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Occupational Health KW - Humans KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed KW - Biopsy, Needle KW - Risk Assessment KW - Age Distribution KW - Adult KW - Sampling Studies KW - Incidence KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Sex Distribution KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - Male KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Bronchiolitis Obliterans -- diagnosis KW - Flavoring Agents -- adverse effects KW - Food Industry KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Bronchiolitis Obliterans -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Bronchiolitis Obliterans -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66826565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+European+respiratory+journal&rft.atitle=Bronchiolitis+obliterans+syndrome+in+popcorn+production+plant+workers.&rft.au=Akpinar-Elci%2C+M%3BTravis%2C+W+D%3BLynch%2C+D+A%3BKreiss%2C+K&rft.aulast=Akpinar-Elci&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+European+respiratory+journal&rft.issn=09031936&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sulfites--a food and drug administration review of recalls and reported adverse events. AN - 66826429; 15330554 AB - Sulfite-sensitive individuals can experience adverse reactions after consuming foods containing sulfiting agents (sulfites), and some of these reactions may be severe. In the 1980s and 1990s, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acted to reduce the likelihood that sulfite-sensitive individuals would unknowingly consume foods containing sulfites. The FDA prohibited the use of sulfites on fruits and vegetables (except potatoes) to be served or presented fresh to the public and required that the presence of detectable levels of sulfites be declared on food labels, even when these sulfites are used as a processing aid or are a component of another ingredient in the food. In the present study, data from FDA recall records and adverse event reports were used to examine the current status of problems of sensitivity to sulfites in foods. From 1996 through 1999, the FDA processed a total of 59 recalls of foods containing undeclared sulfites; these 59 recalls involved 93 different food products. Fifty (55%) of the recalled products were classified as class I, a designation indicating that a consumer reasonably could have ingested > or = 10 mg of undeclared sulfites on a single occasion, a level that could potentially cause a serious adverse reaction in a susceptible person. From 1996 through mid-1999, the FDA received a total of 34 reports of adverse reactions allegedly due to eating foods containing undeclared sulfites. The average of 10 reports per year, although derived from a passive surveillance system, was lower than the average of 111 reports per year that the FDA received from 1980 to 1987, a decrease that may have resulted in part from FDA regulatory action. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Timbo, Babgaleh AU - Koehler, Kathleen M AU - Wolyniak, Cecilia AU - Klontz, Karl C AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740-3835, USA. btimbo@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1806 EP - 1811 VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Sulfites KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Labeling -- standards KW - Food Labeling -- methods KW - Humans KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Sulfites -- adverse effects KW - Food Hypersensitivity -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66826429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Sulfites--a+food+and+drug+administration+review+of+recalls+and+reported+adverse+events.&rft.au=Timbo%2C+Babgaleh%3BKoehler%2C+Kathleen+M%3BWolyniak%2C+Cecilia%3BKlontz%2C+Karl+C&rft.aulast=Timbo&rft.aufirst=Babgaleh&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Routine vitamin supplementation to prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease. AN - 66799614; 15317443 JF - American family physician AU - Guirguis-Blake, Janelle AD - US Preventive Services Task Force, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Primary Care, Prevention, and Clinical Partnerships, USA. Y1 - 2004/08/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 01 SP - 559 EP - 560 VL - 70 IS - 3 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Vitamins KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Antioxidants -- adverse effects KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - beta Carotene -- adverse effects KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Vitamins -- therapeutic use KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66799614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+family+physician&rft.atitle=Routine+vitamin+supplementation+to+prevent+cancer+and+cardiovascular+disease.&rft.au=Guirguis-Blake%2C+Janelle&rft.aulast=Guirguis-Blake&rft.aufirst=Janelle&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+family+physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire fighter fatalities 1998-2001: overview with an emphasis on structure related traumatic fatalities. AN - 66792416; 15314049 AB - To review the causes of all fire fighter line-of-duty-deaths from 1998 through 2001, and present recommendations for preventing fatalities within the specific subgroup of structure related events. Fire fighter fatality data from the United States Fire Administration were reviewed and classified into three main categories of injury. Investigations conducted through the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program provided the basis for the recommendations presented in this paper. During the time period from 1998-2001, there were 410 line-of-duty deaths among fire fighters in the United States, excluding the 343 fire fighters who died at the World Trade Center on 11 September 2001. The 410 fatalities included 191 medical (non-traumatic) deaths (47%), 75 motor vehicle related fatalities (18%), and 144 other traumatic fatalities (35%). The latter group included 68 fatalities that were associated with structures which commonly involved structural collapse, rapid fire progression, and trapped fire fighters. Structural fires pose particular hazards to fire fighters. Additional efforts must be directed to more effectively use what we have learned through the NIOSH investigations and recommendations from published experts in the safety community, consensus standards, and national fire safety organizations to reduce fire fighter fatalities during structural fire fighting. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Hodous, T K AU - Pizatella, T J AU - Braddee, R AU - Castillo, D N AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 222 EP - 226 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Accidents, Traffic -- mortality KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Accidental Falls -- mortality KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Burns -- mortality KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Emergencies KW - Asphyxia -- mortality KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Fires KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66792416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Fire+fighter+fatalities+1998-2001%3A+overview+with+an+emphasis+on+structure+related+traumatic+fatalities.&rft.au=Hodous%2C+T+K%3BPizatella%2C+T+J%3BBraddee%2C+R%3BCastillo%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Hodous&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=222&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Ind Med. 1997 Apr;31(4):459-67 [9093662] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of a "best practices" musculoskeletal injury prevention program in nursing homes. AN - 66791236; 15314046 AB - To conduct an intervention trial of a "best practices" musculoskeletal injury prevention program designed to safely lift physically dependent nursing home residents. A pre-post intervention trial and cost benefit analysis at six nursing homes from January 1995 through December 2000. The intervention was established in January 1998 and injury rates, injury related costs and benefits, and severity are compared for 36 months pre-intervention and 36 months post-intervention. A dynamic cohort of all nursing staff (n = 1728) in six nursing homes during a six year study period. "Best practices" musculoskeletal injury prevention program consisting of mechanical lifts and repositioning aids, a zero lift policy, and employee training on lift usage. Injury incidence rates, workers' compensation costs, lost work day injury rates, restricted work day rates, and resident assaults on caregivers, annually from January 1995 through December 2000. There was a significant reduction in resident handling injury incidence, workers' compensation costs, and lost workday injuries after the intervention. Adjusted rate ratios were 0.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29 to 0.55) for workers' compensation claims, 0.54 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.73) for Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 200 logs, and 0.65 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.86) for first reports of employee injury. The initial investment of $158 556 for lifting equipment and worker training was recovered in less than three years based on post-intervention savings of $55 000 annually in workers' compensation costs. The rate of post-intervention assaults on caregivers during resident transfers was down 72%, 50%, and 30% based on workers' compensation, OSHA, and first reports of injury data, respectively. The "best practices" prevention program significantly reduced injuries for full time and part time nurses in all age groups, all lengths of experience in all study sites. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Collins, J W AU - Wolf, L AU - Bell, J AU - Evanoff, B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. JCollins@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 206 EP - 211 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Workers' Compensation -- economics KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Aged KW - Transportation of Patients -- methods KW - Violence KW - Sick Leave -- economics KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Program Evaluation KW - Lifting -- adverse effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Back Injuries -- economics KW - Occupational Diseases -- economics KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Back Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Nursing Staff -- education KW - Nursing Homes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66791236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+a+%22best+practices%22+musculoskeletal+injury+prevention+program+in+nursing+homes.&rft.au=Collins%2C+J+W%3BWolf%2C+L%3BBell%2C+J%3BEvanoff%2C+B&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Ergon. 2000 Feb;31(1):35-44 [10709750] JAMA. 2000 Jun 14;283(22):2948-54 [10865272] AAOHN J. 2003 Mar;51(3):126-34 [12670100] Am J Ind Med. 2003 Nov;44(5):451-7 [14571508] Appl Ergon. 1999 Aug;30(4):285-94 [10416841] Ergonomics. 1992 Sep;35(9):979-95 [1387079] Ergonomics. 1992 Nov;35(11):1353-75 [1425566] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Nov;28(5):591-602 [8561169] Am J Ind Med. 1996 Apr;29(4):421-4 [8728153] Biometrics. 1983 Sep;39(3):665-74 [6652201] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury research at NOIRS 2003. AN - 66790991; 15314044 JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Howard, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC 20201, USA. jhoward1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 195 EP - 196 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Humans KW - Research KW - Accident Prevention KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Accidents, Traffic -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- ethnology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- ethnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66790991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+research+at+NOIRS+2003.&rft.au=Howard%2C+J&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A study of logger fatalities from 1992-2000. AN - 66790274; 15314053 AB - To determine if certain loggers are at increased risk of death during logging operations. Statistical analysis of 780 logger fatalities for a nine year period (1992-2000). The major findings are: (1) treefallers suffer nearly 63% of all fatalities, (2) the region where the fatality occurred and the size of the employer were not significant factors that contributed to a high percentage of treefaller fatalities, and (3) the Northeast and Midwest regions showed a higher percentage of fatalities compared with the South and West regions. Overall, the logger fatality rate for 1992-2000, compared with 1980-88 has decreased slightly; however, treefallers continue to be the group of loggers who suffer the highest fatality rate. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Scott, D F AD - NIOSH, Spokane Research Laboratory, Spokane, WA 99207, USA. dus3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 239 EP - 243 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Craniocerebral Trauma -- mortality KW - Aged KW - Cause of Death KW - Age Distribution KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Seasons KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Forestry -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66790274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=A+study+of+logger+fatalities+from+1992-2000.&rft.au=Scott%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Eur J Respir Dis. 1985 Apr;66(4):240-7 [4018177] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1997 Oct;58(10):747-51 [9342836] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1987 Feb;48(2):99-105 [3565274] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - US Food and Drug Administration approval of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride for management of postexposure inhalational anthrax. AN - 66781397; 15306995 AB - In August 2000, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro; Bayer) for management of postexposure inhalational anthrax. This was the first antimicrobial drug approved by the FDA for use in treating an infection due to a biological agent used intentionally. The terrorist attacks of 2001 involving anthrax underscore the imperative that safe and effective drugs to manage such infections be readily available in the United States. The approval of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, which was made on the basis of a surrogate human marker of efficacy, made extensive use of data from an animal model of disease. This represents a new direction in the development of efficacy data in support of drug approval and facilitates the availability of those drugs for which there is an urgent need. This article presents the scientific data and regulatory mechanism that supported the approval of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride for management of postexposure of inhalational anthrax. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Meyerhoff, Andrea AU - Albrecht, Renata AU - Meyer, Joette M AU - Dionne, Peter AU - Higgins, Karen AU - Murphy, Dianne AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. am282@gunet.georgetown.edu Y1 - 2004/08/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 01 SP - 303 EP - 308 VL - 39 IS - 3 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Spores, Bacterial KW - Animals KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - Adult KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Child, Preschool KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Ciprofloxacin -- administration & dosage KW - Ciprofloxacin -- pharmacokinetics KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Ciprofloxacin -- therapeutic use KW - Ciprofloxacin -- adverse effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66781397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=US+Food+and+Drug+Administration+approval+of+ciprofloxacin+hydrochloride+for+management+of+postexposure+inhalational+anthrax.&rft.au=Meyerhoff%2C+Andrea%3BAlbrecht%2C+Renata%3BMeyer%2C+Joette+M%3BDionne%2C+Peter%3BHiggins%2C+Karen%3BMurphy%2C+Dianne&rft.aulast=Meyerhoff&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tuberculosis following the use of etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor. AN - 66780967; 15306993 AB - Infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist, is associated with tuberculosis (TB), but it is unknown whether this phenomenon is true of all TNF antagonists. We reviewed 25 cases of TB due to another TNF antagonist, etanercept, that were reported to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between November 1998 and March 2002. Such cases are sometimes incomplete and are subject to underreporting. Fifteen patients received other immunosuppressive medications. The median interval between the receipt of the first dose of etanercept and the diagnosis of TB was 11.5 months. Thirteen patients had extrapulmonary TB at the time of diagnosis. Diagnosis was made on the basis of culture results for 12 patients, biopsy findings for 9, and sputum staining for 4. There were 2 deaths, 1 of which was directly attributed to TB. The estimated number of TB cases reported to the FDA for each person-year of treatment with etanercept (i.e., the "reporting rate") among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was ~10 cases/100,000 patient-years of exposure. Clinicians considering etanercept for patients with RA should be alert to the possibility of the occurrence of TB, sometimes with an unusual extrapulmonary presentation. It is unclear whether etanercept therapy increases the risk of TB beyond the elevated TB rates already documented for patients with RA. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Mohan, Aparna K AU - Coté, Timothy R AU - Block, Joel A AU - Manadan, Augustine M AU - Siegel, Jeffrey N AU - Braun, M Miles AD - Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. mohan@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/08/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 01 SP - 295 EP - 299 VL - 39 IS - 3 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Immunosuppressive Agents KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Infliximab KW - B72HH48FLU KW - Etanercept KW - OP401G7OJC KW - Index Medicus KW - Arthritis, Rheumatoid -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Risk KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- therapeutic use KW - Middle Aged KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- adverse effects KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Tuberculin Test KW - Male KW - Female KW - Arthritis, Rheumatoid -- complications KW - Immunoglobulin G -- adverse effects KW - Tuberculosis -- etiology KW - Tuberculosis -- chemically induced KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Tuberculosis -- epidemiology KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Immunoglobulin G -- therapeutic use KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66780967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Tuberculosis+following+the+use+of+etanercept%2C+a+tumor+necrosis+factor+inhibitor.&rft.au=Mohan%2C+Aparna+K%3BCot%C3%A9%2C+Timothy+R%3BBlock%2C+Joel+A%3BManadan%2C+Augustine+M%3BSiegel%2C+Jeffrey+N%3BBraun%2C+M+Miles&rft.aulast=Mohan&rft.aufirst=Aparna&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Aug 1;39(3):300-2 [15306994] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitric oxide accelerates interleukin-13 cytotoxin-mediated regression in head and neck cancer animal model. AN - 66772481; 15297430 AB - Receptors for interleukin-13 (IL-13R) are overexpressed on several types of solid cancers including gliobastoma, renal cell carcinoma, AIDS Kaposi's sarcoma, and head and neck cancer. Recombinant fusion proteins IL-13 cytotoxin (IL13-PE38QQR or IL13-PE38) have been developed to directly target IL-13R-expressing cancer cells. Although it has been found that IL-13 cytotoxin has a direct potent antitumor activity in vivo in nude mice models of human cancers, the involvement of indirect antitumor effecter molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) is unknown. To address this issue, we assessed the effect of NO inhibiter N(omega)-monomethyl-l-arginine on IL-13 cytotoxin-mediated cytotoxicity and NO2/NO3 production in HN12 head and neck cancer cells. In addition, antitumor effects and NO levels in HN12 and KCCT873 head and neck tumors xenografted s.c. in nude mice when treated with IL-13 cytotoxin were evaluated by tumor measurement, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analyses. Pretreatment of animals with N(omega)-monomethyl-l-arginine significantly decreased the NO levels and IL-13 cytotoxin-mediated antitumor effects. In addition, depletion of macrophages, known to produce NO, also decreased antitumor activity of IL-13 cytotoxin. Based on these studies, we concluded that NO accelerates antitumor effect of IL-13 cytotoxin on head and neck tumor cells. Because IL-13 cytotoxin is currently being tested in the clinic for the treatment of patients with recurrent glioblastoma maltiforme, our current findings suggest maintaining macrophage and NO-producing cellular function for optimal therapeutic effect of this targeted agent. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/08/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 01 SP - 5264 EP - 5270 VL - 10 IS - 15 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Cytotoxins KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Exotoxins KW - IL13-PE38QQR KW - Immunotoxins KW - Interleukin-13 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - omega-N-Methylarginine KW - 27JT06E6GR KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Mice KW - Mice, Nude KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- chemistry KW - Neoplasm Transplantation KW - Blotting, Western KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - omega-N-Methylarginine -- pharmacology KW - Immunotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Macrophages -- metabolism KW - Cytotoxins -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-13 -- biosynthesis KW - Interleukin-13 -- metabolism KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Drug Synergism KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Interleukin-13 -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66772481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Nitric+oxide+accelerates+interleukin-13+cytotoxin-mediated+regression+in+head+and+neck+cancer+animal+model.&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+Koji%3BKawakami%2C+Mariko%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=Koji&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=5264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic and urinary bladder cell proliferation. AN - 66751791; 15276422 AB - Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that a close association exists between the elevated levels of arsenic in drinking water and the incidence of certain cancers, including transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder. We have employed in vitro and in vivo models to examine the effects of sodium arsenite on the urinary bladder epithelium. Mice exposed to 0.01% sodium arsenite in drinking water demonstrated hyperproliferation of the bladder uroepithelium within 4 weeks after initiating treatment. This occurred in the absence of amorphous precipitates and was accompanied by the accumulation of trivalent arsenite (iAs(3+)), and to a lesser extent dimethylarsenic (DMA), arsenate (iAs(5+)), and monomethylarsenic (MMA) in bladder tissue. In contrast to the bladder, urinary secretion was primarily in the form of DMA and MMA. Arsenic-induced cell proliferation in the bladder epithelium was correlated with activation of the MAP kinase pathway, leading to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase activity, AP-1 activation, and expression of AP-1-associated genes involved in cell proliferation. Activation of the MAP kinase pathway involved both epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-dependent and -independent events, the latter involving Src activation. Studies summarized in this review suggest that arsenic accumulates in urinary bladder epithelium causing activation of specific signaling pathways that lead to chronic increased cell proliferation. This may play a non-epigenetic role in carcinogenesis by increasing the proliferation of initiated cells or increasing the mutational rate. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Luster, Michael I AU - Simeonova, Petia P AD - Inflammatory Disease Teams, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. mluster@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 01 SP - 419 EP - 423 VL - 198 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Arsenites KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Sodium Compounds KW - sodium arsenite KW - 48OVY2OC72 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases KW - EC 2.7.12.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Mice KW - Urinary Bladder -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Arsenites -- toxicity KW - Urinary Bladder -- enzymology KW - Sodium Compounds -- toxicity KW - Carcinoma, Transitional Cell -- chemically induced KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases -- metabolism KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Urinary Bladder -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66751791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Arsenic+and+urinary+bladder+cell+proliferation.&rft.au=Luster%2C+Michael+I%3BSimeonova%2C+Petia+P&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=198&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smoking is an occupational hazard. AN - 66743252; 15273969 AB - Even though the prevalence of tobacco smoking has declined in the general population and among white-collar workers, the prevalence of tobacco smoking among blue-collar workers remains unacceptably high. Blue-collar workers experience greater exposure to workplace toxins which can add to, or even multiply, their risk of adverse health effects from tobacco smoking. Among blue-collar workers, workers in the restaurant, bar, and gaming industries are exposed to much higher levels of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) than are office workers, and are at increased risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases even if they are non-smokers themselves. The literature on health risks, and the disparity between white and blue collar workers in smoking prevalence, and the literature on various tobacco control strategies provide the sources on which this review is based. Over the past 20 years, the accumulating scientific evidence about smoking as an occupational hazard has prompted the implementation of various educational, economic, and legal tobacco control strategies. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Howard, John AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC 20201, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 161 EP - 169 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Social Class KW - Humans KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Workplace KW - Health Promotion KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Occupational Health KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Smoking -- economics KW - Smoking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66743252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Smoking+is+an+occupational+hazard.&rft.au=Howard%2C+John&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The association between HLA-DPB1Glu69 and chronic beryllium disease and beryllium sensitization. AN - 66742905; 15273960 AB - Several case-control studies have found an association between chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and HLA-DPB1 gene variants. However, the relationship between HLA-DPB1 and beryllium sensitization, and whether the presence of one or two HLA-DPB1(Glu69) alleles is differentially associated with CBD and beryllium sensitization have not been completely resolved. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to address these questions in a large population-based cohort consisting of 884 beryllium workers (90 with CBD, 64 beryllium sensitized). HLA-DPB1(Glu69) was associated with both CBD (OR = 9.4; 95% CI = 5.4, 16.6) and sensitization (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.9, 5.9). Further, workers with CBD and sensitization were more likely to be homozygous HLA-DPB1(Glu69) compared to workers without disease or sensitization (P < 0.001). Follow-up of this cohort, scrutiny of HLA-DPB1 haplotypes, and evaluation of gene-environment and gene-gene interactions will be important for fully understanding the immunogenetic nature of this occupational disease. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - McCanlies, Erin C AU - Ensey, James S AU - Schuler, Christine R AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AU - Weston, Ainsley AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 95 EP - 103 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - HLA-DP Antigens KW - 0 KW - HLA-DP beta-Chains KW - HLA-DPB1 antigen KW - Glutamic Acid KW - 3KX376GY7L KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Alleles KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - Humans KW - Seroepidemiologic Studies KW - Chronic Disease KW - Glutamic Acid -- genetics KW - Berylliosis -- immunology KW - HLA-DP Antigens -- genetics KW - Berylliosis -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66742905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=The+association+between+HLA-DPB1Glu69+and+chronic+beryllium+disease+and+beryllium+sensitization.&rft.au=McCanlies%2C+Erin+C%3BEnsey%2C+James+S%3BSchuler%2C+Christine+R%3BKreiss%2C+Kathleen%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley&rft.aulast=McCanlies&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Airflow obstruction attributable to work in industry and occupation among U.S. race/ethnic groups: a study of NHANES III data. AN - 66742021; 15273964 AB - To estimate the fraction of airflow obstruction attributable to workplace exposure by U.S. race/ethnic group. U.S. population-based third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) data on 4,086 Caucasians, 2,774 African-Americans, and 2,568 Mexican-Americans, aged 30-75, were studied. Airflow obstruction was defined as FEV1/FVC<75% and FEV1<80% predicted. Weighted prevalence, and prevalence odds ratios (OR) adjusted for the effect of age, smoking status, pack-years, body mass index, education, and socio-economic status were estimated using SUDAAN software. Industries with the most cases of airflow obstruction attributable to workplace exposure include: armed forces; rubber, plastics, and leather manufacturing; utilities; textile mill manufacturing; health care; food products manufacturing; sales; construction; and agriculture. The fraction of cases with airflow obstruction associated with work in industry varied by race/ethnic group and was estimated as 22.2% (95% CI 9.1-33.4) among Caucasians, 23.4% (95% CI 2.2-40.0) among African-Americans, and 49.6% (32.1-62.6) among Mexican-Americans. This study found differences in the fraction of airflow obstruction cases associated with employment pattern among major U.S. race/ethnic population groups. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Hnizdo, Eva AU - Sullivan, Patricia A AU - Bang, Ki Moon AU - Wagner, Gregory AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. exh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 126 EP - 135 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Spectrophotometry, Atomic KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- ethnology KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- ethnology KW - African Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mexican Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66742021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Airflow+obstruction+attributable+to+work+in+industry+and+occupation+among+U.S.+race%2Fethnic+groups%3A+a+study+of+NHANES+III+data.&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+Eva%3BSullivan%2C+Patricia+A%3BBang%2C+Ki+Moon%3BWagner%2C+Gregory&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respirable coal dust particles modify cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) expression in rat alveolar cells. AN - 66724442; 15072980 AB - Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) metabolizes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke to DNA-binding reactive intermediates associated with carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic studies indicate that the majority of coal miners are smokers but have a lower risk of lung cancer than other smokers. We hypothesized that coal dust (CD) exposure modifies pulmonary carcinogenesis by altering CYP1A1 induction. Therefore, male Sprague Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with 2.5, 10, 20, or 40 mg CD/rat or vehicle (saline); and 11 d later, pulmonary CYP1A1 was induced by intraperitoneal injection of beta-naphthoflavone (BNF; 50 mg/kg). Fourteen days after CD exposure, CYP1A1 protein and activity were measured by Western blot and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, respectively. CYP1A1 and the alveolar type II markers, cytokeratins 8/18, were localized and quantified in lung sections by dual immunofluorescence with morphometry. The area of CYP1A1 expression in alveolar septa and alveolar type II cells in response to BNF was reduced by exposure to 20 or 40 mg CD compared with BNF alone. CD exposure significantly inhibited BNF-induced 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity in a dose-responsive manner. By Western blot, induction of CYP1A1 protein by BNF was significantly reduced by 40 mg CD compared with BNF alone. These findings indicate that CD decreases BNF-induced CYP1A1 protein expression and activity in the lung. JF - American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology AU - Ghanem, Mohamed M AU - Porter, Dale AU - Battelli, Lori A AU - Vallyathan, Val AU - Kashon, Michael L AU - Ma, Jane Y AU - Barger, Mark W AU - Nath, Joginder AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Hubbs, Ann F AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 171 EP - 183 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 1044-1549, 1044-1549 KW - Coal KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Blotting, Western KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- enzymology KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Male KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- enzymology KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- metabolism KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66724442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Respirable+coal+dust+particles+modify+cytochrome+P4501A1+%28CYP1A1%29+expression+in+rat+alveolar+cells.&rft.au=Ghanem%2C+Mohamed+M%3BPorter%2C+Dale%3BBattelli%2C+Lori+A%3BVallyathan%2C+Val%3BKashon%2C+Michael+L%3BMa%2C+Jane+Y%3BBarger%2C+Mark+W%3BNath%2C+Joginder%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BHubbs%2C+Ann+F&rft.aulast=Ghanem&rft.aufirst=Mohamed&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=10441549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of serum IgG antibodies to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen in environmental sampling workers using a fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay. AN - 66722049; 15258278 AB - To evaluate potential exposure to Bacillis anthracis (Ba) spores in sampling/decontamination workers in the aftermath of an anthrax terror attack. Fifty six serum samples were obtained from workers involved in environmental sampling for Ba spores at the American Media, Inc. (AMI) building in Boca Raton, FL after the anthrax attack there in October 2001. Nineteen sera were drawn from individuals both pre-entry and several weeks after entrance into the building. Nine sera each were drawn from unique individuals at the pre-entry and follow up blood draws. Thirteen donor control sera were also evaluated. Individuals were surveyed for Ba exposure by measurement of serum Ba anti-protective antigen (PA) specific IgG antibodies using a newly developed fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay (FCMIA). Four sera gave positive anti-PA IgG results (defined as anti-PA IgG concentrations > or = the mean microg/ml anti-PA IgG from donor control sera (n = 13 plus 2 SD which were also inhibited > or = 85% when the serum was pre-adsorbed with PA). The positive sera were the pre-entry and follow up samples of two workers who had received their last dose of anthrax vaccine in 2000. It appears that the sampling/decontamination workers of the present study either had insufficient exposure to Ba spores to cause the production of anti-PA IgG antibodies or they were exposed to anthrax spores without producing antibody. The FCMIA appears to be a fast, sensitive, accurate, and precise method for the measurement of anti-PA IgG antibodies. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Biagini, R E AU - Sammons, D L AU - Smith, J P AU - Page, E H AU - Snawder, J E AU - Striley, C A F AU - MacKenzie, B A AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, Biological Monitoring Laboratory Section, CDC/NIOSH MS C-26, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. rbiagini@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 703 EP - 708 VL - 61 IS - 8 KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Bacterial KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Index Medicus KW - Decontamination -- methods KW - Immunoassay -- methods KW - Fluorescence KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Florida KW - Microspheres KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Immunoglobulin G -- blood KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- blood KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Antigens, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Bioterrorism KW - Bacillus anthracis -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66722049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Determination+of+serum+IgG+antibodies+to+Bacillus+anthracis+protective+antigen+in+environmental+sampling+workers+using+a+fluorescent+covalent+microsphere+immunoassay.&rft.au=Biagini%2C+R+E%3BSammons%2C+D+L%3BSmith%2C+J+P%3BPage%2C+E+H%3BSnawder%2C+J+E%3BStriley%2C+C+A+F%3BMacKenzie%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=1470-7926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2002 May;9(3):633-8 [11986272] JAMA. 2002 May 1;287(17):2236-52 [11980524] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1029-34 [12396910] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1103-10 [12396924] JAMA. 2002 Dec 11;288(22):2853-8 [12472327] Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Jan;10(1):133-9 [12522051] J Clin Microbiol. 1984 Sep;20(3):357-61 [6436303] Med Microbiol Immunol. 1988;177(5):293-303 [3139974] J Infect Dis. 1993 May;167(5):1239-43 [8486963] Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1994 Jan;1(1):78-82 [7496927] Clin Chem. 1997 Sep;43(9):1799-801 [9299987] Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1999 Nov;6(6):832-7 [10548572] Biotechniques. 2001 Mar;30(3):661-6, 668-9 [11252801] Infect Immun. 2001 May;69(5):2888-93 [11292703] Hum Mutat. 2001 Apr;17(4):305-16 [11295829] Microbiology. 2001 Jun;147(Pt 6):1677-85 [11390699] Genome Res. 2001 Nov;11(11):1888-98 [11691854] N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 29;345(22):1607-10 [11704685] Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2002 Jan;9(1):41-5 [11777827] Lancet. 2002 Feb 23;359(9307):710-1 [11879895] Am J Clin Pathol. 2002 Apr;117(4):589-96 [11939734] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2002 Apr;68(4):470-7 [12069049] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nivalenol, a main Fusarium toxin in dietary foods from high-risk areas of cancer of esophagus and gastric cardia in China, induced benign and malignant tumors in mice. AN - 66713887; 15254715 AB - This is the first report that a Fusarium toxin nivalenol (NIV) naturally existing at high levels in dietary food in high-risk areas of cancer of esophagus and gastric cardia in China induced benign and malignant tumors in mice. The levels of two Fusarium toxins, nivalenol and deoxynivalenol (DON) were quantitated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in a total of 97 samples of dietary wheat flour, barley and corn collected from families in two areas with high mortality rate of cancer of esophagus and gastric cardia (132/100,000), Linxian, Henan province and Cixiang, Hepei province, China. The mean level of NIV and DON in three dietary foods was 830+/-927 microg/kg (range 584-1,780 microg/kg) and 4,281+/-6,114 microg/kg (range 732-10,980 microg/kg) respectively. The highest mean level of NIV was 1,780+/-1,705 microg/kg found in barley from Linxian, that of DON was 10,980+/-10,139 microg/kg found in corn from Cixiang. NIV was undetectable in 2 samples of rice from USA. The mean levels of NIV in three main dietary foods in those two high-risk areas were estimated at 400 to 800-fold higher than that in the USA, where NIV was undetectable in dietary food, and the mortality rate of esophageal cancer is <5/100,000 in white Caucasians in the USA, (odds ratio was estimated at 17-34, p<0.000005). These data suggest that Linxian and Cixiang peasants who consumed a diet with high NIV had significantly higher risk for developing esophageal cancer than the US residents who consumed food without or with negligible amounts of NIV. Three repeated experiments were performed using Balb/C mice with inter-mittent application of NIV, alternate with 12-Tetradeconoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) application on skin. Papillomas and carcinomas developed in a total of 23/49 (47%) mice that survived 11-60 weeks of experiments. Among all the tumors, 4 carcinomas in 3 mice were identified. No tumors were found in the 60 control mice applying either TPA or acetone (solvent) only on skin. JF - Oncology reports AU - Hsia, Chu Chieh AU - Wu, Ze Yuan AU - Li, Yun Sian AU - Zhang, Fan AU - Sun, Zong Tang AD - Laboratory of Hepatitis and Related Emerging Agents, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD, USA. hsia@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 449 EP - 456 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1021-335X, 1021-335X KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - nivalenol KW - 5WOP02RM1U KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Temperature KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Carcinoma KW - Animal Feed KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry KW - Zea mays -- metabolism KW - Papilloma KW - Hordeum -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Flour KW - Male KW - Esophageal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Trichothecenes -- pharmacology KW - Stomach Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Cardia -- pathology KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66713887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncology+reports&rft.atitle=Nivalenol%2C+a+main+Fusarium+toxin+in+dietary+foods+from+high-risk+areas+of+cancer+of+esophagus+and+gastric+cardia+in+China%2C+induced+benign+and+malignant+tumors+in+mice.&rft.au=Hsia%2C+Chu+Chieh%3BWu%2C+Ze+Yuan%3BLi%2C+Yun+Sian%3BZhang%2C+Fan%3BSun%2C+Zong+Tang&rft.aulast=Hsia&rft.aufirst=Chu&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oncology+reports&rft.issn=1021335X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Noise exposure and hearing loss among sand and gravel miners. AN - 66688049; 15238306 AB - The objectives of this study were to describe workplace noise exposures, risk factors for hearing loss, and hearing levels among sand and gravel miners, and to determine whether full shift noise exposures resulted in changes in hearing thresholds from baseline values. Sand and gravel miners (n = 317) were interviewed regarding medical history, leisure-time and occupational noise exposure, other occupational exposures, and use of hearing protection. Audiometric tests were performed both before the work shift (following a 12-hour noise-free interval) and immediately following the work shift. Full shift noise dosimetry was conducted. Miners' noise exposures exceeded the Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for 69% of workers, and exceeded the Mine Safety and Health Administration's action level for enrollment in a hearing conservation program for 41% of workers. Significantly higher noise exposures occurred among employees of small companies, among workers with a job classification of truck driver, among males, and among black workers. Hearing protection usage was low, with 48% of subjects reporting that they never used hearing protection. Hearing impairment, as defined by NIOSH, was present among 37% of 275 subjects with valid audiograms. Black male workers and white male workers had higher hearing thresholds than males from a comparison North Carolina population unexposed to industrial noise. Small but statistically significant changes in hearing thresholds occurred following full shift noise exposure among subjects who had good hearing sensitivity at baseline. In a logistic regression model, age and history of a past noisy job were significant predictors of hearing impairment. Overall, sand and gravel workers have excessive noise exposures and significant hearing loss, and demonstrate inadequate use of hearing protection. Well-designed hearing conservation programs, with reduction of noise exposure, are clearly needed. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Landen, Deborah AU - Wilkins, Steve AU - Stephenson, Mark AU - McWilliams, Linda AD - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, USA. dlanden@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 532 EP - 541 VL - 1 IS - 8 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Reference Values KW - Personnel Staffing and Scheduling KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Job Description KW - Middle Aged KW - Workplace KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Noise, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Mining KW - Hearing Loss -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66688049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Noise+exposure+and+hearing+loss+among+sand+and+gravel+miners.&rft.au=Landen%2C+Deborah%3BWilkins%2C+Steve%3BStephenson%2C+Mark%3BMcWilliams%2C+Linda&rft.aulast=Landen&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=532&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A population-based study of vaginal human papillomavirus infection in hysterectomized women. AN - 66687159; 15243917 AB - We compared point prevalences and determinants of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection by testing enrollment vaginal specimens from hysterectomized women (n=569) and enrollment cervical specimens from nonhysterectomized women (n=6098) >or=30 years old, using MY09/MY11 L1 consensus-primer polymerase chain reaction. The subjects were participating in a population-based cohort study (n=10,049) in Guanacaste, Costa Rica, that was initiated in 1993. Non-cancer-associated HPV types, especially types 61, 71, and 72, were detected more frequently in the vaginal specimens from hysterectomized women (23.7% [95% confidence interval [CI], 20.3%-27.4%]) than in the cervical specimens from nonhysterectomized women (16.7% [95% CI, 15.7%-17.6%]) (P=.0001). There was no difference between the prevalences of cancer-associated HPV types in hysterectomized women and those in nonhysterectomized women; in both groups, the prevalence of HPV DNA was greater in women with multiple lifetime sex partners. We infer from our data that the cervical transformation zone may not be needed for cancer-associated HPV infection but may be uniquely susceptible to HPV-induced carcinogenesis; we also infer that specific phylogenetic groups of HPV (i.e., A3/A4/A15) may have a predilection for vaginal epithelium. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Castle, Philip E AU - Schiffman, Mark AU - Bratti, M Concepcion AU - Hildesheim, Allan AU - Herrero, Rolando AU - Hutchinson, Martha L AU - Rodriguez, Ana Cecilia AU - Wacholder, Sholom AU - Sherman, Mark E AU - Kendall, Hortense AU - Viscidi, Raphael P AU - Jeronimo, Jose AU - Schussler, John E AU - Burk, Robert D AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7234, USA. castlep@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/08/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 01 SP - 458 EP - 467 VL - 190 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - DNA, Viral KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Antibodies, Viral -- blood KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - DNA, Viral -- analysis KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Vagina -- virology KW - Cervix Uteri -- virology KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- virology KW - Prevalence KW - Vaginal Diseases -- virology KW - Papillomavirus Infections -- epidemiology KW - Vaginal Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Papillomaviridae -- classification KW - Hysterectomy KW - Papillomaviridae -- isolation & purification KW - Papillomavirus Infections -- virology KW - Papillomaviridae -- genetics KW - Papillomaviridae -- immunology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66687159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=A+population-based+study+of+vaginal+human+papillomavirus+infection+in+hysterectomized+women.&rft.au=Castle%2C+Philip+E%3BSchiffman%2C+Mark%3BBratti%2C+M+Concepcion%3BHildesheim%2C+Allan%3BHerrero%2C+Rolando%3BHutchinson%2C+Martha+L%3BRodriguez%2C+Ana+Cecilia%3BWacholder%2C+Sholom%3BSherman%2C+Mark+E%3BKendall%2C+Hortense%3BViscidi%2C+Raphael+P%3BJeronimo%2C+Jose%3BSchussler%2C+John+E%3BBurk%2C+Robert+D&rft.aulast=Castle&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Commentary: Multiple risk factors interventions Are we up to the challenge? AN - 20744385; 8790691 AB - Abstract not available. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Atkins, David AU - Clancy, Carolyn AD - Center for Outcomes and Evidence (Atkins), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland, USA, datkins@ahrq.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 102 EP - 103 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - intervention KW - R2 23010:General: Models, forecasting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20744385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Commentary%3A+Multiple+risk+factors+interventions+Are+we+up+to+the+challenge%3F&rft.au=Atkins%2C+David%3BClancy%2C+Carolyn&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2004.04.016 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - intervention DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.04.016 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Field Method for Near Real-Time Analysis of Perchloroethylene in End-Exhaled Breath AN - 18029911; 5982122 AB - The field method for near real-time analysis of perchloroethylene (Perc) in breath is simple, fast, and reproducible for Perc breath analysis in field settings and should prove useful in industrial hygiene practice. The method allows Perc monitoring with good specificity to the sub-part per million (ppm) level within minutes of exposure. A commercially available, portable gas chromatograph with a photoionization detector was used in these analyses. Gas chromatograph settings were optimized in the laboratory for measurement of Perc in Tedlar bags. Laboratory development of the method included evaluation of the sensitivity, specificity, precision, and speed of analysis for Perc. Replicate aliquots of Perc at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 ppm were used to construct a calibration curve. The mean retention time for Perc was 238 sec. The impact of potential interference by acetone, toluene, isoprene, methanol, ethanol, acetaldehyde, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, or chloroform was evaluated by mixing Perc with each compound and performing analyses. Measurements of Perc in human breath samples collected in Tedlar bags in a work-place setting were made and compared to measurements of the same samples made by an established analytical method using charcoal tubes (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH] Method 1003). The accuracy, precision, and speed of the gas chromatograph method were determined. Measurements made with the new method were within a margin of plus or minus 8.8% (95% CI, n = 6) of measurements made according to NIOSH Method 1003 for field samples in the range of 0.9 to 6 ppm. Method precision was determined by calculating the pooled coefficient of variation for all measurements (replicates = 3) made in the field and was found to be 5.8%. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Sweet, N D AU - Burroughs, GE AU - Ewers, L AU - Talaska, G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, geb1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 515 EP - 520 VL - 1 IS - 8 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Charcoal KW - Acetaldehyde KW - Toluene KW - Methanol KW - Benzene KW - Perchloroethylene KW - Chloroform KW - Carbon tetrachloride KW - Gas chromatography KW - Isoprene KW - Acetone KW - Tetrachloroethylene KW - Occupational exposure KW - perchloroethylene KW - Ethanol KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18029911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=A+Field+Method+for+Near+Real-Time+Analysis+of+Perchloroethylene+in+End-Exhaled+Breath&rft.au=Sweet%2C+N+D%3BBurroughs%2C+GE%3BEwers%2C+L%3BTalaska%2C+G&rft.aulast=Sweet&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490472921 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chloroform; Carbon tetrachloride; Gas chromatography; Toluene; Acetaldehyde; Methanol; Isoprene; Tetrachloroethylene; Acetone; perchloroethylene; Benzene; Ethanol; Charcoal; Occupational exposure; Perchloroethylene DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490472921 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Coliphage PR772 and Evaluation of Its Use for Virus Filter Performance Testing AN - 18015738; 5968399 AB - Virus filtration is a key clearance unit operation in the manufacture of recombinant protein, monoclonal antibody, and plasma-derived biopharmaceuticals. Recently, a consensus has developed among filter manufacturers and end users about the desirability of a common nomenclature and a standardized test for classifying and identifying virus-retentive filters. The Parenteral Drug Association virus filter task force has chosen PR772 as the model bacteriophage to standardize nomenclature for large-pore-size virus-retentive filters (filters designed to retain viruses larger than 50 to 60 nm in size). Previously, the coliphage PR772 (Tectiviridae family) has been used in some filtration studies as a surrogate for mammalian viruses of around 50 to 60 nm. In this report, we describe specific properties of PR772 critical to the support of its use for the standardization of virus filters. The complete genomic sequence of virulent phage PR772 was determined. Its genome contains 14,946 bp with an overall G+C content of 48.3 mol%, and 32 open reading frames of at least 40 codons. Comparison of the PR772 nucleotide sequence with the genome of Tectiviridae family prototype phage PRD1 revealed 97.2% identity at the DNA level. By dynamic light-scattering analysis, its hydrodynamic diameter was measured as 82 +/- 6 nm, consistent with use in testing large-virus-retentive filters. Finally, dynamic light-scattering analysis of PR772 preparations purified on CsCl gradients showed that the phage preparations are largely monodispersed. In summary, PR772 appears to be an appropriate model bacteriophage for standardization of nomenclature for larger-pore-size virus-retentive filters. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lute, Scott AU - Aranha, Hazel AU - Tremblay, Denise AU - Liang, Dehai AU - Ackermann, Hans-W AU - Chu, Benjamin AU - Moineau, Sylvain AU - Brorson, Kurt AD - Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 4864 EP - 4871 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 70 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Filters KW - Standardization KW - Filtration KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Codons KW - phage PR772 KW - genomics KW - Open reading frames KW - V 22032:Viral proteins KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22022:Virus assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18015738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Coliphage+PR772+and+Evaluation+of+Its+Use+for+Virus+Filter+Performance+Testing&rft.au=Lute%2C+Scott%3BAranha%2C+Hazel%3BTremblay%2C+Denise%3BLiang%2C+Dehai%3BAckermann%2C+Hans-W%3BChu%2C+Benjamin%3BMoineau%2C+Sylvain%3BBrorson%2C+Kurt&rft.aulast=Lute&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4864&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; Standardization; Filtration; Nucleotide sequence; Codons; genomics; Open reading frames; phage PR772 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herpes simplex virus type-2 specific glycoprotein G-2 immunomagnetically captured from HEp-2 infected tissue culture extracts AN - 18012102; 5958555 AB - Monoclonal antibody H1206 anti-HSV-2 gG-2 bound to tosylactivated paramagnetic Dynabeads super() (Dynal super()) has been used to isolate HSV-2 type-specific gG-2 from solubilized HEp-2 HSV-2 infected cell extracts. The immunomagnetically captured type-specific glycoprotein reacted strongly with monoclonal antibody H1206 and demonstrated a single band with apparent molecular weight of 100,000 (100kDa) and a doublet band with an apparent molecular weight of 60,000-64,000 (60-64kDa). We observed the same exact banding pattern when monoclonal H1206 was immunoblotted with Helix pomatia lectin purified HSV-2 gG-2. The immunomagnetically purified gG-2 was unreactive to monoclonal antibody H1379 anti-HSV-1 gG-1 and four human HSV antibody negative sera. In addition, 20 human HSV antibody positive sera obtained from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, GA, were used for the evaluation of our methodology. Immunoblotting of the human HSV antibody positive samples were in agreement with the CDC HSV serological designation. Sera characterized by reactivity to the immunomagnetically purified gG-2 in conjunction with Western blot has the potential to be used as a confirmatory serological test or to determine the accuracy of clinical serological immunoassays used to determine HSV-2 seropositivity. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Clavet, C R AU - Margolin, AB AU - Regan, P M AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center, Winchester, MA 01890, USA, cclavet@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 121 EP - 128 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 119 IS - 2 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Tissue culture KW - Herpes simplex virus 2 KW - glycoprotein G2 KW - Liver KW - Immunoassays KW - V 22023:Virus behavior in cell culture KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18012102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Herpes+simplex+virus+type-2+specific+glycoprotein+G-2+immunomagnetically+captured+from+HEp-2+infected+tissue+culture+extracts&rft.au=Clavet%2C+C+R%3BMargolin%2C+AB%3BRegan%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Clavet&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jviromet.2004.03.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Herpes simplex virus 2; Tissue culture; glycoprotein G2; Monoclonal antibodies; Liver; Immunoassays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.03.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential for Internalization, Growth, and Survival of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Oranges AN - 17854753; 6119777 AB - Internalization potential, survival, and growth of human pathogens within oranges were investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Submerging oranges into dye solutions at various temperature differentials was used to assess internalization potential. Conditions in which dye internalization was observed were further studied by applying Escherichia coli O157: H7 or Salmonella onto the stem scar, subjecting the oranges to a temperature differential, juicing, and measuring numbers of pathogens in the resulting juice. Pathogens for growth and survival studies were applied to or injected into simulated peel punctures. Oranges with small peel holes of selected sizes were also placed into solutions containing these pathogens. Bacterial survival was also evaluated in orange juice at 4 and 24 degree C. Oranges internalized pathogens at a frequency of 2.5 to 3.0%, which mirrored dye internalization frequency (3.3%). Pathogens were internalized at an uptake level of 0.1 to 0.01% of the challenge applied. Bacteria grew within oranges at 24 degree C, but not at 4 degree C. Thirty-one percent of oranges with 0.91-mm surface holes showed pathogen uptake, whereas 2% of oranges with 0.68-mm holes showed pathogen uptake. Pathogens added to fresh orange juice and incubated at 24 degree C declined 1 log CFU/ml within 3 days. These results suggest that internalization, survival, and growth of human bacterial pathogens can occur within oranges intended for producing unpasteurized juice. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Eblen, BShawn AU - Walderhaug, Mark O AU - Edelson-Mammel, Sharon AU - Chirtel, Stuart J AU - de Jesus, Antonio AU - Merker, Robert I AU - Buchanan, Robert L AU - Miller, Arthur J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1578 EP - 1584 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - internalization KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Citrus KW - Temperature effects KW - Fruit juices KW - Growth KW - Dyes KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Escherichia coli KW - Juices KW - Survival KW - Salmonella KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17854753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Potential+for+Internalization%2C+Growth%2C+and+Survival+of+Salmonella+and+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+Oranges&rft.au=Eblen%2C+BShawn%3BWalderhaug%2C+Mark+O%3BEdelson-Mammel%2C+Sharon%3BChirtel%2C+Stuart+J%3Bde+Jesus%2C+Antonio%3BMerker%2C+Robert+I%3BBuchanan%2C+Robert+L%3BMiller%2C+Arthur+J&rft.aulast=Eblen&rft.aufirst=BShawn&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1578&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Fruit juices; Growth; Dyes; Colony-forming cells; Juices; Survival; Citrus; Escherichia coli; Salmonella ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey, characterization and susceptibility to fusidic acid of Staphylococcus aureus in the Carmarthen area AN - 17789352; 5969141 AB - OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study was designed to investigate the possible reasons for an apparent increase in fusidic acid resistance among Staphylococcus aureus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Datastore records of the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Wales, UK were reviewed in conjunction with information concerning the prescribing of fusidic acid. RESULTS: During the 5 year study period (1997-2001), a rise in the incidence of fusidic acid resistance was noted, particularly among paediatric patients presenting with infected eczema and impetigo, which may be related to the observed increase in prescriptions of topical fusidic acid. Extended phenotypic and genotypic characterization of a limited number (n=31) of isolates from 2002 showed that fusidic acid-resistant strains of S. aureus were typically from patients with impetigo and isolates fell into a single clonal group. Conversely, isolates from other skin disease (eczema, dermatitis and abscesses) were usually susceptible to fusidic acid and proved a diverse group. CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable data on the prevalence of fusidic acid-resistant S. aureus, the genetic background of the strains, and their association with clinical disease in both the healthcare environment and community setting in the catchment area served by the Laboratory. JF - Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy AU - El-Zimaity, D AU - Kearns, A M AU - Dawson, S J AU - Price, S AU - Harrison, GAJ AD - Microbiology Carmarthenshire, National Public Health Service for Wales, West Wales General Hospital, Carmarthen SA31 2AF Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 441 EP - 446 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 54 IS - 2 SN - 0305-7453, 0305-7453 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Skin diseases KW - Catchment areas KW - Pediatrics KW - Fusidic acid KW - Impetigo KW - Eczema KW - Abscesses KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Dermatitis KW - J 02843:Skin KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17789352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Survey%2C+characterization+and+susceptibility+to+fusidic+acid+of+Staphylococcus+aureus+in+the+Carmarthen+area&rft.au=El-Zimaity%2C+D%3BKearns%2C+A+M%3BDawson%2C+S+J%3BPrice%2C+S%3BHarrison%2C+GAJ&rft.aulast=El-Zimaity&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=03057453&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; Fusidic acid; Impetigo; Eczema; Abscesses; Pediatrics; Dermatitis; Catchment areas; Skin diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lessons from Kitty Hawk: From feasibility to routine clinical use for the field of proteomic pattern diagnostics AN - 17742066; 6020577 AB - Proteomic pattern diagnostics is a rapidly evolving field of science. Despite the increasingly large number of laboratories reporting exciting success with this concept, recent speculation concerning reproducibility and the nature and identities of the information content of the pattern constituents have served to defocus and polarize the community. These controversies will be rendered obsolete as the field accelerates into a new realm of clinical diagnostics. This new era will see the currently dry biomarker pipeline flooded with new candidate molecules, and the mass spectrometer will continue its maturation into a dominant clinical platform. We reflect on the important lessons gleaned from the Wright brothers' attempts at controlled heavier-than-air flight as a model for perseverance and a view to the very near future for proteomic pattern diagnostics. JF - Proteomics AU - Petricoin, E F AU - Fishman, DA AU - Conrads, T P AU - Veenstra, T D AU - Liotta, LA AD - Bldg. 29A, Room 2D12, 8800 Rockville Pike, CBER, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, petricoin@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 2357 EP - 2360 VL - 4 IS - 8 SN - 1615-9853, 1615-9853 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Diagnosis KW - Reviews KW - Laboratories KW - proteomics KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - W3 33135:Diagnosis: Other KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17742066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proteomics&rft.atitle=Lessons+from+Kitty+Hawk%3A+From+feasibility+to+routine+clinical+use+for+the+field+of+proteomic+pattern+diagnostics&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+E+F%3BFishman%2C+DA%3BConrads%2C+T+P%3BVeenstra%2C+T+D%3BLiotta%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proteomics&rft.issn=16159853&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpmic.200400865 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Laboratories; Diagnosis; Reviews; proteomics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200400865 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Overweight among Inner City Hispanic-American Children and Adolescents AN - 17712913; 6024873 AB - OBJECTIVE: National surveys have pointed to a particularly high risk of pediatric overweight among U.S. Hispanics. However, the data have been primarily from the Mexican-American community. We studied the prevalence of overweight and clinical comorbidities in children and youth of predominantly El Salvadoran ancestry. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A sample of 309 Hispanic youth, 6-18 years was surveyed from two inner city Washington, DC, clinics. BMI; triceps skinfold (TSF) and subscapular skinfold thickness (SSSF); bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA); and blood pressure measures were obtained, along with information regarding physical activity, sedentary behavior, dietary history, family, and personal medical history. RESULTS: Thirty-eight percent were overweight (BMI => 95th percentile) and 22% at risk for overweight (BMI 85-94th percentile). Thirty-four percent had TSF => 90th percentile and 29% had SSSF => 90th percentile. Fifty-one percent of males and 70% of females had body fat > 30%. Compared to their nonoverweight counterparts, overweight youth had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (111.4 +/- 1.3 vs. 104.5 +/- 0.9 mm Hg, p < 0.0001). Among children younger than 11 years, overweight was associated with onset of adrenarche (23% vs. 10%, p = 0.01). Participation in one or more sports teams was negatively correlated with overweight) p = 0.04). DISCUSSION: The prevalence of overweight and at risk for overweight in this sample was twice the national average for U.S. children and 1.7 times greater than that of Mexican-American children in national surveys. Overweight was associated with advanced pubertal development, high body fat, elevated blood pressure, and decreased sports participation. JF - Obesity Research AU - Mirza, Nazrat M AU - Kadow, Kathleen AU - Palmer, Matilde AU - Solano, Heidi AU - Rosche, Claire AU - Yanovski, Jack A AD - Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC. Unit on Growth and Obesity, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1298 EP - 1310 PB - North American Association for the Study of Obesity, 1090 Amsterdam Ave., Ste. 14K New York NY 10025 USA, [mailto:helener@mindspring.com], [URL:http://www.naaso.org] VL - 12 IS - 8 SN - 1071-7323, 1071-7323 KW - Hispanics KW - Risk Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - Obesity KW - Physical activity KW - Adolescence KW - Surveys KW - Children KW - Blood pressure KW - Sports (participation) KW - Ethnic groups KW - Adolescents KW - Urban areas KW - Urban environment KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17712913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obesity+Research&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Overweight+among+Inner+City+Hispanic-American+Children+and+Adolescents&rft.au=Mirza%2C+Nazrat+M%3BKadow%2C+Kathleen%3BPalmer%2C+Matilde%3BSolano%2C+Heidi%3BRosche%2C+Claire%3BYanovski%2C+Jack+A&rft.aulast=Mirza&rft.aufirst=Nazrat&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Obesity+Research&rft.issn=10717323&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Obesity; Children; Adolescence; Blood pressure; Sports (participation); Urban environment; Surveys; Urban areas; Adolescents; Ethnic groups; Physical activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Consensus Action Agenda for Achieving the National Health Information Infrastructure AN - 17682833; 5949517 AB - BACKGROUND: Improving the safety, quality, and efficiency of health care will require immediate and ubiquitous access to complete patient information and decision support provided through a National Health Information Infrastructure (NHII). METHODS: To help define the action steps needed to achieve an NHII, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services sponsored a national consensus conference in July 2003. RESULTS: Attendees favored a public-private coordination group to guide NHII activities, provide education, share resources, and monitor relevant metrics to mark progress. They identified financial incentives, health information standards, and overcoming a few important legal obstacles as key NHII enablers. Community and regional implementation projects, including consumer access to a personal health record, were seen as necessary to demonstrate comprehensive functional systems that can serve as models for the entire nation. Finally, the participants identified the need for increased funding for research on the impact of health information technology on patient safety and quality of care. Individuals, organizations, and federal agencies are using these consensus recommendations to guide NHII efforts. JF - Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association AU - Yasnoff, William A AU - Humphreys, Betsy L AU - Overhage, JMarc AU - Detmer, Don E AU - Brennan, Patricia Flatley AU - Morris, Richard W AU - Middleton, Blackford AU - Bates, David W AU - Fanning, John P AD - Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC (WAY, JPF) Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 332 EP - 338 PB - American Medical Informatics Association, 4915 St. Elmo Ave. Suite 401 Bethesda MD 20814 USA, [mailto:mail@mail.amia.org], [URL:http://www.amia.org] VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1067-5027, 1067-5027 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 140:Bioinformatics & Computers in Health & Medicine KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17682833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Informatics+Association&rft.atitle=A+Consensus+Action+Agenda+for+Achieving+the+National+Health+Information+Infrastructure&rft.au=Yasnoff%2C+William+A%3BHumphreys%2C+Betsy+L%3BOverhage%2C+JMarc%3BDetmer%2C+Don+E%3BBrennan%2C+Patricia+Flatley%3BMorris%2C+Richard+W%3BMiddleton%2C+Blackford%3BBates%2C+David+W%3BFanning%2C+John+P&rft.aulast=Yasnoff&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=332&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Informatics+Association&rft.issn=10675027&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodynamic Response of Human Fingers in a Power Grip Subjected to a Random Vibration AN - 17387758; 6486426 AB - Background. Knowledge of the biodynamic response (BR) of the human hand-arm system is an important part of the foundation for the measurement and assessment of hand-transmitted vibration exposure. This study investigated the BR of human fingers in a power grip subjected to a random vibration. Method. Ten male subjects were used in the experiment. Each subject applied three coupling actions to a simulated tool handle at three different finger grip force levels. Results and Conclusions. The BR is practically independent of the hand coupling actions for frequencies at or above 100 Hz. Above 50 Hz, the BR is correlated to finger and hand sizes. Increasing the finger coupling force significantly increases the BR. Therefore, hand forces should be measured and used when assessing hand-transmitted vibration exposure. The results also show that under a constant-velocity vibration, the finger vibration power absorption at frequencies above 200 Hz is approximately twice that at frequencies below 100 Hz. This suggests that the frequency weighting specified in the current ISO 5349-1 (2001) may underestimate the high frequency effect on vibration-induced finger disorders. JF - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, Transactions of the ASME AU - Dong, R G AU - Welcome, DE AU - McDowell, T W AU - Wu, J Z AD - Engineering & Control Technology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 447 EP - 457 VL - 126 IS - 4 SN - 0148-0731, 0148-0731 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Vibrations KW - Hand KW - Biomechanics KW - Finger KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17387758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomechanical+Engineering%2C+Transactions+of+the+ASME&rft.atitle=Biodynamic+Response+of+Human+Fingers+in+a+Power+Grip+Subjected+to+a+Random+Vibration&rft.au=Dong%2C+R+G%3BWelcome%2C+DE%3BMcDowell%2C+T+W%3BWu%2C+J+Z&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomechanical+Engineering%2C+Transactions+of+the+ASME&rft.issn=01480731&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1784479 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Finger; Vibrations; Hand; Biomechanics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1784479 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunological and hematological effects observed in B6C3F1 mice exposed to JP-8 jet fuel for 14 days AN - 18035935; 5989629 AB - JP-8 is the primary jet fuel used by the U.S. Air Force and NATO allies. Exposure is likely to be widespread and to include both military and aviation industry personnel as well as residents living near fuel contaminated sites. This study examines the effects of JP-8 on humoral and cell-mediated and hematological parameters. A suite of immunotoxicological endpoints was evaluated in adult female B6C3F1 mice gavaged with JP-8 (in an olive oil carrier) ranging from 250-2500 mg/kg/d for 14 d. One day following the last exposure, significant increases in liver mass were detected beginning at exposure levels of 1000 mg/kg/d, while thymic mass was decreased at exposure levels of 1500 mg/kg/d and above. Decreases in thymic cellularity, however, were only observed at exposure levels of 2000 mg/kg/d and above. Mean corpuscular volume was increased (1500-2500 mg/kg/d), while the hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell count were decreased only at the 2500 mg/kg/d exposure level. Natural killer cell (NK) activity and T-and B-cell proliferation were not altered. Decreases in the plaque-forming cell (PFC) response were dose responsive at levels of 500 mg/kg/d and greater, while unexpectedly, serum levels of anti-SRBC immunoglobulin M (IgM) were not altered. Alterations were detected in thymic and splenic CD4/8 subpopulations, and proliferative responses of bone marrow progenitor cells were enhanced in mice exposed to 2000 mg/kg/d of JP-8. This study establishes that humoral immune function is impaired with lower exposure levels of JP-8 than are required to affect primary and secondary immune organ weights and cellularities, CD4/8 subpopulations, and hematological endpoints. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Keil, DE AU - Dudley, A C AU - EuDaly, J G AU - Dempsey, J AU - Butterworth, L AU - Gilkeson, G S AU - Peden-Adams, M M AD - NIOSH, OD/AIG, M/S L1119, 1095 Willowdale Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, dkeil@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 23 SP - 1109 EP - 1129 VL - 67 IS - 14 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Immunotoxicity KW - Dose-response effects KW - Immune system KW - Proliferation KW - Hematology KW - Immune response KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18035935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Immunological+and+hematological+effects+observed+in+B6C3F1+mice+exposed+to+JP-8+jet+fuel+for+14+days&rft.au=Keil%2C+DE%3BDudley%2C+A+C%3BEuDaly%2C+J+G%3BDempsey%2C+J%3BButterworth%2C+L%3BGilkeson%2C+G+S%3BPeden-Adams%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Keil&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2004-07-23&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390490452335 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Immunotoxicity; Immune system; Dose-response effects; Proliferation; Hematology; Immune response; Immunoglobulin M DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390490452335 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and 32P-postlabeling analyses of tamoxifen-DNA adducts in humans. AN - 66726743; 15265972 AB - Although the nonsteroidal antiestrogen tamoxifen is used as an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent to treat hormone-dependent breast cancer and as a chemopreventive agent in women with elevated risk of breast cancer, it has also been reported to increase the risk of endometrial cancer. Reports of low levels of tamoxifen-DNA adducts in human endometrial tissue have suggested that tamoxifen induces endometrial cancer by a genotoxic mechanism. However, these findings have been controversial. We used electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ES-MS/MS) and 32P-postlabeling analyses to investigate the presence of tamoxifen-DNA adducts in human endometrial tissue. Endometrial DNA from eight tamoxifen-treated women and eight untreated women was hydrolyzed to nucleosides and assayed for (E)-alpha-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-tamoxifen (dG-Tam) and (E)-alpha-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-N-desmethyltamoxifen (dG-desMeTam), the two major tamoxifen-DNA adducts that have been reported to be present in humans and/or experimental animals treated with tamoxifen, using on-line sample preparation coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ES-MS/MS. The same DNA samples were assayed for the presence of dG-Tam and dG-desMeTam by (32)P-postlabeling methodology, using two different DNA digestion and labeling protocols, followed by both thin-layer chromatography and HPLC. We did not detect either tamoxifen-DNA adduct by HPLC-ES-MS/MS analyses (limits of detection for dG-Tam and dG-desMeTam were two adducts per 10(9) nucleotides and two adducts per 10(8) nucleotides, respectively) or by 32P-postlabeling analyses (limit of detection for both adducts was one adduct per 10(9) nucleotides) in any of the endometrial DNA samples. The initiation of endometrial cancer by tamoxifen is probably not due to a genotoxic mechanism involving the formation of dG-Tam or dG-desMeTam. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Beland, Frederick A AU - Churchwell, Mona I AU - Doerge, Daniel R AU - Parkin, Daniel R AU - Malejka-Giganti, Danuta AU - Hewer, Alan AU - Phillips, David H AU - Carmichael, Paul L AU - Gamboa da Costa, Gonçalo AU - Marques, M Matilde AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, HFT-110, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. fbeland@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 21 SP - 1099 EP - 1104 VL - 96 IS - 14 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Estrogen Receptor Modulators KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Radionuclide Imaging KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization KW - DNA Adducts -- isolation & purification KW - Estrogen Receptor Modulators -- adverse effects KW - Tamoxifen -- administration & dosage KW - Endometrial Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- administration & dosage KW - Estrogen Receptor Modulators -- metabolism KW - Tamoxifen -- adverse effects KW - Tamoxifen -- metabolism KW - Endometrial Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Estrogen Receptor Modulators -- administration & dosage KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- metabolism KW - Endometrial Neoplasms -- diagnostic imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66726743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Electrospray+ionization-tandem+mass+spectrometry+and+32P-postlabeling+analyses+of+tamoxifen-DNA+adducts+in+humans.&rft.au=Beland%2C+Frederick+A%3BChurchwell%2C+Mona+I%3BDoerge%2C+Daniel+R%3BParkin%2C+Daniel+R%3BMalejka-Giganti%2C+Danuta%3BHewer%2C+Alan%3BPhillips%2C+David+H%3BCarmichael%2C+Paul+L%3BGamboa+da+Costa%2C+Gon%C3%A7alo%3BMarques%2C+M+Matilde&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rft.date=2004-07-21&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1099&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=1460-2105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxicity of malachite green and leucomalachite green in female Big Blue B6C3F1 mice AN - 18016715; 5961505 AB - Malachite green, a triphenylmethane dye used in aquaculture as an antifungal agent, is rapidly reduced in vivo to leucomalachite green. Previous studies in which female B6C3F1 mice were fed malachite green produced relatively high levels of liver DNA adducts after 28 days, but no significant induction of liver tumors was detected in a 2-year feeding study. Comparable experiments conducted with leucomalachite green resulted in relatively low levels of liver DNA adducts but a dose-responsive induction of liver tumors. In the present study, we fed transgenic female Big Blue B6C3F1 mice with 450ppm malachite green and 204 and 408ppm leucomalachite green (the high doses used in the tumor bioassays) and evaluated genotoxicity after 4 and 16 weeks of treatment. Neither malachite green nor leucomalachite green increased the peripheral blood micronucleus frequency or Hprt lymphocyte mutant frequency at either time point; however, the 16-week treatment with 408ppm leucomalachite green did increase the liver cII mutant frequency. Similar increases in liver cII mutant frequency were not seen in the mice treated for 16 weeks with malachite green or in female Big Blue rats treated with a comparable dose of leucomalachite green for 16 weeks in a previous study [Mutat. Res. 547 (2004) 5]. These results indicate that leucomalachite green is an in vivo mutagen in transgenic female mouse liver and that the mutagenicities of malachite green and leucomalachite green correlate with their tumorigenicities in mice and rats. The lack of increased micronucleus frequencies and lymphocyte Hprt mutants in female mice treated with leucomalachite green suggests that its genotoxicity is targeted to the tissue at risk for tumor induction. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Mei, N AU - Webb, P J AU - Shaddock, J G AU - Dobrovolsky, V N AU - McGarrity, L J AU - Morris, S M AU - Chen, T AU - Beland, F A AU - Greenlees, K J AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, rmittelstaedt@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07/11/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 11 SP - 127 EP - 138 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 561 IS - 1-2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - leucomalachite green KW - malachite green KW - mice KW - triphenylmethane KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - HPRT gene KW - DNA adducts KW - Antifungal agents KW - Dose-response effects KW - Micronuclei KW - Genotoxicity KW - Liver KW - Aquaculture KW - Risks KW - X 24117:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18016715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Genotoxicity+of+malachite+green+and+leucomalachite+green+in+female+Big+Blue+B6C3F1+mice&rft.au=Mittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BMei%2C+N%3BWebb%2C+P+J%3BShaddock%2C+J+G%3BDobrovolsky%2C+V+N%3BMcGarrity%2C+L+J%3BMorris%2C+S+M%3BChen%2C+T%3BBeland%2C+F+A%3BGreenlees%2C+K+J%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Mittelstaedt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-07-11&rft.volume=561&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.mrgentox.2004.04.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA adducts; HPRT gene; Antifungal agents; Dose-response effects; Genotoxicity; Micronuclei; Liver; Aquaculture; Risks DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.04.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide in silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis AN - 17988309; 5942798 AB - Inhalation of crystalline silica can produce lung inflammation and fibrosis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) is believed to be involved in silica-induced lung disease. To investigate the role of iNOS-derived NO in this disease, the responses of iNOS knockout (KO) versus C57BI/6J wild-type (WT) mice to silica were compared. Male mice (8-10 wk old, mean body weight 24.0 g) were anesthetized and exposed, by aspiration, to silica (40 mg/kg) or saline. At 24 h and 42 d postexposure, lungs were lavaged with saline. The first bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid supernatant was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, levels of albumin, tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- alpha ), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The cellular fraction of the total BAL was used to determine alveolar macrophage (AM) and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) counts, and zymosan-stimulated AM chemiluminescence (AM-CL). In separate mice, lung histopathological changes were evaluated 42 d postexposure. Acute (24-h) silica exposure decreased AMs, increased PMNs, increased LDH activity and levels of albumin, TNF- alpha , and MIP-2 in BAL fluid, and enhanced AM-CL in both iNOS KO and WT mice. However, iNOS KO mice exhibited less AM activation (defined as increased AM-CL and decreased AM yield) than WT. Furthermore, TAC following acute silica decreased in WT but was maintained in iNOS KO mice. Pulmonary reactions to subchronic (42 d) silica exposure were similar to acute. However, histopathological and BAL fluid indices of lung damage and inflammation, AM activation, and lung hydroxyproline levels were significantly less in iNOS KO compared to WT mice. These results suggest that iNOS-derived NO contributes to the pathogenesis of silica-induced lung disease in this mouse model. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Zeidler, P C AU - Hubbs, A AU - Battelli, L AU - Castranova, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, vic1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07/09/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 09 SP - 1001 EP - 1026 VL - 67 IS - 13 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Nitric-oxide synthase KW - Fibrosis KW - Lung KW - Nitric oxide KW - Inflammation KW - Silicon dioxide KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17988309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Role+of+inducible+nitric+oxide+synthase-derived+nitric+oxide+in+silica-induced+pulmonary+inflammation+and+fibrosis&rft.au=Zeidler%2C+P+C%3BHubbs%2C+A%3BBattelli%2C+L%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Zeidler&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-07-09&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1001&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390490447296 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silicon dioxide; Inflammation; Lung; Fibrosis; Nitric-oxide synthase; Nitric oxide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390490447296 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases AN - 21292583; 5941597 AB - Infectious diseases have for centuries ranked with wars and famine as major challenges to human progress and survival. They remain among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Against a constant background of established infections, epidemics of new and old infectious diseases periodically emerge, greatly magnifying the global burden of infections. Studies of these emerging infections reveal the evolutionary properties of pathogenic microorganisms and the dynamic relationships between microorganisms, their hosts and the environment. JF - Nature AU - Morens, David M AU - Folkers, Gregory K AU - Fauci, Anthony S AD - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892- 2520, USA, afauciniaid.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/07/08/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 08 SP - 242 EP - 249 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building 4 Crinan Street London N1 9XW UK, [mailto:feedback@nature.com], [URL:http://www.nature.com/] VL - 430 IS - 6996 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Famine KW - Epidemics KW - Infectious diseases KW - War KW - Microorganisms KW - Survival KW - Infection KW - Evolution KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21292583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+challenge+of+emerging+and+re-emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.au=Morens%2C+David+M%3BFolkers%2C+Gregory+K%3BFauci%2C+Anthony+S&rft.aulast=Morens&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-07-08&rft.volume=430&rft.issue=6996&rft.spage=242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature02759 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Famine; Epidemics; Infectious diseases; War; Microorganisms; Survival; Infection; Evolution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02759 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Migrant and Seasonal Head Start Research Design Development Project 2002-2004. Executive Summary AN - 1373089916; ED543016 AB - The unique characteristics of migrant and seasonal families are important concerns for the Office of Head Start, yet the research and evaluation efforts that address this segment of the Head Start program have been limited. This study was designed to ascertain the state of research knowledge about Migrant and Seasonal Head Start (MSHS) programs; assess the feasibility of a range of measures and research methods; and select and pilot test methods, instruments, and procedures appropriate for this population. The "Migrant and Seasonal Head Start Research Development Design Project" was the result of the collaboration between MSHS programs and the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) to determine viable methods for assessing the unique characteristics of programs while also examining common programmatic components. This report is meant to provide an overview of the issues in conducting research in these programs. Caution should be used in interpreting any specific results from this project because they are limited to the programs that participated in this project and thus should not be taken as being representative of all MSHS program therefore, very few specific details regarding responses to measures are presented in this executive summary. The information that is provided should improve future research efforts attempting to accurately describe programs, families, and children of the MSHS community. Membership of the Technical Work Group is appended. (Contains 2 figures, 3 tables, and 3 footnotes.) Y1 - 2004/07/02/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 02 SP - 23 PB - Administration for Children & Families. US Department of Health and Human Services, 370 L'Enfant Promenade SW, Washington, DC 20447. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Preschool Education KW - Preschool Teachers KW - Measures (Individuals) KW - Questionnaires KW - Migrant Workers KW - Research Methodology KW - Migrant Education KW - Parent Role KW - Second Language Learning KW - Research Design KW - American Indians KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Federal Programs KW - Disadvantaged Youth KW - Siblings KW - Check Lists KW - Access to Health Care KW - Interviews KW - Seasonal Employment KW - Parents KW - Migrants KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1373089916?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-13 ER - TY - GEN T1 - What Providers Should Know about Child Care Assistance for Families: A Targeted Effort to Reach Hispanic Families and Providers = Lo que Deben Saber los Proveedores Sobre el Programa de Ayuda de Cuidado Infantil para las Familias: Un Esfuerzo Especial para Alcanzar Familias y Proveedores Hispanos AN - 881470717; ED519373 AB - Federal and State governments can help families pay for child care. The families one serves may be eligible for this assistance, and one may receive this funding for services one provides, thus becoming a "participating provider." This paper provides answers to the following questions: (1) How can parents receive child care assistance?; (2) How do I become a participating provider?; (3) What types of requirements will I need to meet? Do I need a license?; (4) How will I get paid?; (5) What help may be available for providers?; (6) Questions providers should ask the State or local agency; and (7) Helpful Child Care Resources. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 6 PB - Child Care Bureau. US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children & Families, Office of Family Assistance, 370 L'Enfant Promenade SW 5th Floor East, Washington, DC 20447. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Outreach Programs KW - Caregivers KW - State Government KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Grants KW - Federal Government KW - Child Care KW - Certification KW - Local Government UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881470717?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-linguistic analysis of vocabulary in young children: spanish, dutch, French, hebrew, italian, korean, and american english. AN - 85289002; pmid-15260868 AB - The composition of young children's vocabularies in 7 contrasting linguistic communities was investigated. Mothers of 269 twenty-month-olds in Argentina, Belgium, France, Israel, Italy, the Republic of Korea, and the United States completed comparable vocabulary checklists for their children. In each language and vocabulary size grouping (except for children just learning to talk), children's vocabularies contained relatively greater proportions of nouns than other word classes. Each word class was consistently positively correlated with every other class in each language and for children with smaller and larger vocabularies. Noun prevalence in the vocabularies of young children and the merits of several theories that may account for this pattern are discussed. JF - Child Development AU - Bornstein, Marc H AU - Cote, Linda R AU - Maital Sharone AU - Painter, Kathleen AU - Sung-Yun, Park AU - Pascual, Liliana AU - Marie-Germaine, Pêcheux AU - Ruel Josette AU - Venuti, Paola AU - Vyt Andre AD - Child and Family Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-7971, USA. PY - 2004 SP - 1115 EP - 1139 VL - 75 IS - 4 SN - 0009-3920, 0009-3920 KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Questionnaires KW - Human KW - Adult KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Linguistics KW - Child, Preschool KW - Culture KW - Vocabulary KW - Child Language KW - Language UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85289002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+Development&rft.atitle=Cross-linguistic+analysis+of+vocabulary+in+young+children%3A+spanish%2C+dutch%2C+French%2C+hebrew%2C+italian%2C+korean%2C+and+american+english.&rft.au=Bornstein%2C+Marc+H%3BCote%2C+Linda+R%3BMaital+Sharone%3BPainter%2C+Kathleen%3BSung-Yun%2C+Park%3BPascual%2C+Liliana%3BMarie-Germaine%2C+P%C3%83%C2%AAcheux%3BRuel+Josette%3BVenuti%2C+Paola%3BVyt+Andre&rft.aulast=Bornstein&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+Development&rft.issn=00093920&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of an Artery/Vascular Graft Compliance Mismatch on Protein Transport: A Numerical Study AN - 831176393; 13865935 AB - Small-diameter vascular graft failure by intimal hyperplasia and thrombosis may result from flow disturbances and disruption of chemical transport in the fluid at the distal anastomosis, because of compliance mismatch between the graft and host artery. In previous studies, lower-than-normal wall shear stress (WSS), particle trapping, and high particle residence times were observed at the distal anastomosis due to a pulsatile tubular expansion effect caused by nonuniform radial deformations. This study was undertaken to examine effects of compliance and radius mismatch on the distribution of a model protein released at the graft-fluid interface. Finite element simulations of end-to-end vascular grafting were performed under pulsatile flow, using fluid-structure coupling to give physiologic wall displacements. Results showed that protein is convected smoothly downstream in a uniform compliant tube. A compliance mismatch disturbed the transport, causing positive and negative gradients in the concentration profile at the distal anastomosis. This was seen when the graft and artery radii were matched at zero pressure and at mean arterial pressure; low WSSs were only observed in the former case. Thus the distal intimal hypertrophy seen in noncompliant grafts may be caused partly by decreased WSS, and partly by concentration gradients of dissolved chemicals affecting chemotaxis of cells. JF - Annals of Biomedical Engineering AU - Stewart, Sandy FC AU - Lyman, Donald J AD - Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA, sxs@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 991 EP - 1006 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 32 IS - 7 SN - 0090-6964, 0090-6964 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Rejection KW - Protein transport KW - Mathematical models KW - Grafting KW - Grafts KW - Arteries KW - Chemotaxis KW - Trapping KW - Thrombosis KW - Blood pressure KW - Mechanical stimuli KW - Hypertrophy KW - Hyperplasia KW - Pressure KW - Anastomosis KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/831176393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Effects+of+an+Artery%2FVascular+Graft+Compliance+Mismatch+on+Protein+Transport%3A+A+Numerical+Study&rft.au=Stewart%2C+Sandy+FC%3BLyman%2C+Donald+J&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Sandy&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=991&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering&rft.issn=00906964&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AABME.0000032462.56207.65 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rejection; Protein transport; Mathematical models; Grafting; Grafts; Arteries; Trapping; Chemotaxis; Blood pressure; Thrombosis; Mechanical stimuli; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; Anastomosis; Pressure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:ABME.0000032462.56207.65 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro and in vivo effects of acetyldinaline on murine megakaryocytopoiesis. AN - 71995301; 15014898 AB - Acetyldinaline (CI-994) has shown preclinical efficacy in vitro and in vivo against solid tumor and leukemia cell lines. Since myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity for acetyldinaline in preclinical and clinical studies, experiments were conducted to examine the in vitro and in vivo effects of acetyldinaline on murine megakaryocytic (CFU-meg) progenitor cells. Bone marrow and spleen cells from untreated mice were continuously exposed in vitro to acetyldinaline or dinaline in clonal assays. For the in vivo study, BDF(1) mice were dosed orally with 50 mg/kg acetyldinaline every day for 14 days. Both acetyldinaline and dinaline induced an in vitro dose-dependent decrease in CFU-meg colonies derived from either the spleen or bone marrow. Splenic CFU-meg were more sensitive in vitro to acetyldinaline and dinaline than their marrow counterparts. In the in vivo experiments, platelet counts decreased throughout the 14-day dosing period and had returned to normal by day 18. Marrow and spleen CFU-meg declined after the first dose but had recovered by days 4 and 7, respectively. Elevated splenic CFU-meg counts were observed through day 20, 6 days after dosing ended. Recovery of platelet counts in treated mice was associated with increases in both marrow and splenic CFU-meg. There was differential in vitro toxicity of acetyldinaline to murine CFU-meg derived from the bone marrow versus spleen. The in vitro assay predicted the more severe effect of acetyldinaline on splenic progenitors than on their marrow counterparts that was observed in the in vivo phase. In addition, megakaryocytopoiesis in the marrow showed evidence of recovery from drug toxicity in the face of continuing daily acetyldinaline treatments. JF - Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology AU - Volpe, Donna A AU - LoRusso, Patricia M AU - Foster, Brenda J AU - Parchment, Ralph E AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. volpe@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 89 EP - 94 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0344-5704, 0344-5704 KW - Phenylenediamines KW - 0 KW - acetyldinaline KW - 112522-64-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bone Marrow Cells KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Cell Culture Techniques KW - Mice KW - Colony-Forming Units Assay KW - Female KW - Mice, Inbred DBA KW - Phenylenediamines -- administration & dosage KW - Thrombopoiesis -- drug effects KW - Phenylenediamines -- pharmacology KW - Phenylenediamines -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71995301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+and+in+vivo+effects+of+acetyldinaline+on+murine+megakaryocytopoiesis.&rft.au=Volpe%2C+Donna+A%3BLoRusso%2C+Patricia+M%3BFoster%2C+Brenda+J%3BParchment%2C+Ralph+E&rft.aulast=Volpe&rft.aufirst=Donna&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.issn=03445704&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of anti-androgenic activity of flutamide, vinclozolin, procymidone, linuron, and p, p'-DDE in rodent 10-day Hershberger assay. AN - 71929339; 15147789 AB - The rodent Hershberger assay proposed by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is in the process of the validating a test method to detecting the androgenic or anti-androgenic compounds. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-androgenic properties of flutamide, vinclozolin, procymidone, linuron, and p,p'-DDE in a 10-day Hershberger assay. In the present study, we used immature Sprague-Dawley male rats castrated at 6 weeks of age. Testosterone propionate (TP) was subcutaneously injected for 10 consecutive days at doses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, or 1.6 mg/kg per day. To compare the anti-androgenic activity of test compounds, flutamide (1, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg per day), a pure androgen antagonist was used as a positive control, and administered by oral gavage after TP (0.4 mg/kg per day) treatment. In addition, vinclozolin (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg per day), procymidone (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg per day), linuron (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg per day), and p,p '-DDE (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg per day) were also administered by oral gavage after TP (0.4 mg/kg per day) treatment. As expected, TP dose-dependently increased accessory sex organ weights, and statistically significant effects were observed at doses of 0.1 (only seminal vesicles) or 0.2mg/kg per day and above. Serum testosterone levels increased significantly at 0.4 mg/kg per day and above, while serum LH levels were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Flutamide significantly inhibited the TP-induced re-growth of seminal vesicles, ventral prostate, and Levator ani plus bulbocavernosus muscles (LABC) at 1mg/kg per day and above, and Cowper's glands and glans penis at 5mg/kg per day and above. In contrast to accessory sex organ weights, flutamide did not affect the serum testosterone levels compared to the control at any concentration, but serum LH levels were significantly increased at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg per day. Similar to flutamide, vinclozolin caused a statistically significant decrease in the weights of seminal vesicles (to 65 and 40% of the control), ventral prostate (to 66 and 51% of the control), LABC (to 81 and 66% of the control), and Cowper's glands (to 81 and 65% of the control) at 50 and 100 mg/kg per day, respectively. Glans penis weight was also significantly reduced (to 79% of the control), but only at 100 mg/kg per day. The most pronounced effects were observed in the procymidone treatment groups. Procymidone significantly inhibited TP-induced re-growth of accessory sex organs at 25mg/kg per day and above, whereas glans penis weight significantly decreased (to 69% of the control), but only at 100 mg/kg per day. Linuron also inhibited TP-induced re-growth of the seminal vesicles (to 72 and 53% of the control), ventral prostate (to 75 and 62% of the control), Cowper's glands (to 74 and 61% of the control) at 50 and 100 mg/kg per day, respectively. LABC (to 65% of the control) and glans penis (to 80% of the control) weights were significantly reduced, but only at 100 mg/kg per day. In case of p,p'-DDE, seminal vesicle weights were significantly decreased at 50 (to 66% of the control) and 100 mg/kg per day (to 58% of the control). In addition, ventral prostate (to 79% of the control), LABC (to 75% of the control), and Cowper's gland (to 82% of the control) weights were reduced, but only at 100 mg/kg per day. On the contrary, no statistically significant differences in serum testosterone or LH levels were observed versus the control. p,p'-DDE significantly increased liver weight in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting on body weights. Our results indicate that procymidone may act as a stronger androgen receptor (AR) antagonist than vinclozolin, linuron, or p,p'-DDE. We conclude that the 10-day Hershberger assay is a sensitive method for detecting potential anti-androgenic compounds. JF - Toxicology AU - Kang, Il Hyun AU - Kim, Hyung Sik AU - Shin, Jae-Ho AU - Kim, Tae Sung AU - Moon, Hyun Ju AU - Kim, In Young AU - Choi, Kwang Sik AU - Kil, Kwang Sup AU - Park, Young In AU - Dong, Mi Sook AU - Han, Soon Young AD - Endocrine Toxicology Division, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbun-dong, Eunpyung-ku, Seoul 122-704, South Korea. Y1 - 2004/07/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 01 SP - 145 EP - 159 VL - 199 IS - 2-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Androgen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds KW - Oxazoles KW - Linuron KW - 01XP1SU59O KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene KW - 4M7FS82U08 KW - Flutamide KW - 76W6J0943E KW - Luteinizing Hormone KW - 9002-67-9 KW - procymidone KW - EC2FI67U2Y KW - vinclozolin KW - JJ258EZN1I KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Testosterone -- administration & dosage KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Orchiectomy KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Testosterone -- pharmacology KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds -- toxicity KW - Linuron -- toxicity KW - Testosterone -- blood KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Flutamide -- toxicity KW - Luteinizing Hormone -- blood KW - Oxazoles -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Androgen Antagonists -- administration & dosage KW - Androgen Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Genitalia, Male -- drug effects KW - Genitalia, Male -- pathology KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71929339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+anti-androgenic+activity+of+flutamide%2C+vinclozolin%2C+procymidone%2C+linuron%2C+and+p%2C+p%27-DDE+in+rodent+10-day+Hershberger+assay.&rft.au=Kang%2C+Il+Hyun%3BKim%2C+Hyung+Sik%3BShin%2C+Jae-Ho%3BKim%2C+Tae+Sung%3BMoon%2C+Hyun+Ju%3BKim%2C+In+Young%3BChoi%2C+Kwang+Sik%3BKil%2C+Kwang+Sup%3BPark%2C+Young+In%3BDong%2C+Mi+Sook%3BHan%2C+Soon+Young&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=Il&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=199&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Standards for clinical trials in male sexual dysfunction: erectile dysfunction and rapid ejaculation. AN - 67300877; 16422988 AB - The introduction of safe and effective therapies for sexual dysfunctions depend upon appropriate clinical protocol design, study procedures, data collection and analysis. To provide recommendations/guidelines concerning state-of-the-art knowledge for standards for clinical trials in sexual dysfunction in men, particularly in the areas of erectile dysfunction and rapid ejaculation. An International Consultation in collaboration with the major urology and sexual medicine associations assembled over 200 multidisciplinary experts from 60 countries into 17 committees. Committee members established specific objectives and scopes for various male and female sexual medicine topics. The recommendations concerning state-of-the-art knowledge in the respective sexual medicine topic represent the opinion of experts from five continents developed in a process over a 2-year period. Concerning the Standards for Clinical Trials in Male Sexual Dysfunction Committee, there were six experts from four countries. Expert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation and debate. Drug development requires a multiphased approach. Phase 1 studies investigate multiple-dose safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic issues. Phase 2 programs explore dose ranging (lowest effective, maximally tolerated and toxic doses). Phase 3 trials provide the substantial evidence including drug-drug interaction data and studies in special populations. Clinical studies require validated outcome assessment instruments conducted in defined but representative patient populations. Daily diaries or per-event questionnaires are patient-reported outcomes that assist in retrospective questionnaire interpretation. A qualified biostatistician should calculate the sample power for the trial, type of statistical model and design employed, use of covariate or subgroup analyses, and calculation of effect sizes. More research is needed in developing standards for use in the development of clinical trials and outcomes assessment researching either erectile dysfunction or rapid ejaculation. JF - The journal of sexual medicine AU - Hirsch, Mark AU - Donatucci, Craig AU - Glina, Sidney AU - Montague, Drogo AU - Montorsi, Francesco AU - Wyllie, Michael AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857-0001, USA. HIRSCHM@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 87 EP - 91 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1743-6095, 1743-6095 KW - Index Medicus KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic -- standards KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - International Cooperation KW - Humans KW - Consensus KW - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) KW - Male KW - Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic -- standards KW - Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological -- therapy KW - Research Design -- standards KW - Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological -- therapy KW - Ejaculation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67300877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journal+of+sexual+medicine&rft.atitle=Standards+for+clinical+trials+in+male+sexual+dysfunction%3A+erectile+dysfunction+and+rapid+ejaculation.&rft.au=Hirsch%2C+Mark%3BDonatucci%2C+Craig%3BGlina%2C+Sidney%3BMontague%2C+Drogo%3BMontorsi%2C+Francesco%3BWyllie%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Hirsch&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journal+of+sexual+medicine&rft.issn=17436095&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-02-16 N1 - Date created - 2006-01-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CDER photosafety guidance for industry. AN - 67008667; 15503660 AB - In the Federal Register of January 10, 2000 (65 FR 1399), FDA published a draft guidance entitled "Photosafety Testing." The notice gave interested persons an opportunity to submit comments. As a result of the comments, certain sections of the guidance were reworded to improve clarity. A final guidance was published in May 2003. The final guidance further emphasizes that a flexible approach can be used to address adverse photoeffects and that specific assays are not required. Moreover, it encourages the development of methods that can efficiently be used to evaluate human safety. The guidance describes a consistent, science-based approach for testing of topically and systemically administered drug products. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Jacobs, Abigail C AU - Brown, Paul C AU - Chen, Conrad AU - Ellis, Amy AU - Farrelly, James AU - Osterberg, Robert AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. jacobsa@cder.fda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 17 EP - 18 VL - 32 Suppl 2 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Photosensitizing Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Evaluation KW - Animals KW - 3T3 Cells KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Toxicity Tests, Acute KW - Mice KW - Photosensitizing Agents -- adverse effects KW - Safety -- standards KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67008667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=CDER+photosafety+guidance+for+industry.&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+Abigail+C%3BBrown%2C+Paul+C%3BChen%2C+Conrad%3BEllis%2C+Amy%3BFarrelly%2C+James%3BOsterberg%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Abigail&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=32+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Another look at heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use disorders among college and noncollege youth. AN - 66891220; 15378804 AB - To estimate rates of heavy episodic drinking, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence among U.S. adults 18-29 years of age and determine the relationship of these rates to student status and residence. The analysis is based on data from a subsample of U.S. adults 18-29 years of age (N = 8666; 4849 female) who were interviewed as part of the 2001-02 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N = 43,093). Data were collected in personal interviews from a representative sample of adults 18 and older, living in households and selected group quarters in the United States, including Alaska, Hawaii and the District of Columbia. Of all adults 18-29 years of age, 73.1% reported any drinking in the past year, 39.6% reported any heavy episodic drinking, 21.1% reported heavy drinking more than once a month and 11.0% reported heavy drinking more than once a week. Among past-year drinkers, these correspond to rates of 54.3% for any heavy episodic drinking, 28.9% for heavy drinking more than once a month and 15.0% for heavy drinking more than once a week. Although rates of heavy episodic drinking were slightly higher for college students than for noncollege students (p < .01), differences according to place of residence were greater than differences according to student status. Overall, 7.0% of adults ages 18-29 met the DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse in the past year, and 9.2% met the criteria for alcohol dependence. The prevalence of abuse was highest among students living off campus (p < .01), and rates of dependence were highest among students living on campus (p < .01). Heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use disorders are youth as well as college phenomena. Prevention campaigns targeted at all youth are needed to supplement interventions conducted at the campus level. JF - Journal of studies on alcohol AU - Dawson, Deborah A AU - Grant, Bridget F AU - Stinson, Frederick S AU - Chou, Patricia S AD - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9304, USA. ddawson@willco.niaaa.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 477 EP - 488 VL - 65 IS - 4 SN - 0096-882X, 0096-882X KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Universities -- statistics & numerical data KW - Students -- statistics & numerical data KW - Ethanol -- poisoning KW - Alcohol-Induced Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66891220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+studies+on+alcohol&rft.atitle=Another+look+at+heavy+episodic+drinking+and+alcohol+use+disorders+among+college+and+noncollege+youth.&rft.au=Dawson%2C+Deborah+A%3BGrant%2C+Bridget+F%3BStinson%2C+Frederick+S%3BChou%2C+Patricia+S&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+studies+on+alcohol&rft.issn=0096882X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental and occupational health response to SARS, Taiwan, 2003. AN - 66808222; 15324536 AB - Industrial hygiene specialists from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) visited hospitals and medical centers throughout Taiwan. They assisted with designing and evaluating ventilation modifications for infection control, developed guidelines for converting hospital rooms into SARS patient isolation rooms, prepared designs for the rapid conversion of a vacated military facility into a SARS screening and observation facility, assessed environmental aspects of dedicated SARS hospitals, and worked in concert with the Taiwanese to develop hospital ventilation guidelines. We describe the environmental findings and observations from this response, including the rapid reconfiguration of medical facilities during a national health emergency, and discuss environmental challenges should SARS or a SARS-like virus emerge again. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Esswein, Eric J AU - Kiefer, Max AU - Wallingford, Ken AU - Burr, Greg AU - Lee, Lukas Jyhun-Hsiarn AU - Wang, Jung-Der AU - Wang, Shun Chih AU - Su, Ih-Jen AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Denver, Colorado 80225-0226, USA. eje1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1187 EP - 1194 VL - 10 IS - 7 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Taiwan KW - Infection Control -- standards KW - Infection Control -- methods KW - Humans KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Patient Isolation KW - Ventilation -- standards KW - Occupational Health KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Hospitals KW - Cross Infection -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66808222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Environmental+and+occupational+health+response+to+SARS%2C+Taiwan%2C+2003.&rft.au=Esswein%2C+Eric+J%3BKiefer%2C+Max%3BWallingford%2C+Ken%3BBurr%2C+Greg%3BLee%2C+Lukas+Jyhun-Hsiarn%3BWang%2C+Jung-Der%3BWang%2C+Shun+Chih%3BSu%2C+Ih-Jen&rft.aulast=Esswein&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Jul 25;52(29):680-3 [12881699] MMWR Recomm Rep. 1994 Oct 28;43(RR-13):1-132 [8602125] Comment In: Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Jan;11(1):167-8 [15714660] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Q fever outbreak in industrial setting. AN - 66806588; 15324550 AB - An outbreak of Q fever occurred in South Wales, United Kingdom, from July 15 through September 30, 2002. To investigate the outbreak a cohort and nested case-control study of persons who had worked at a cardboard manufacturing plant was conducted. The cohort included 282 employees and subcontractors, of whom 253 (90%) provided blood samples and 214 (76%) completed questionnaires. Ninety-five cases of acute Q fever were identified. The epidemic curve and other data suggested an outbreak source likely occurred August 5-9, 2002. Employees in the factory's offices were at greatest risk for infection (odds ratio 3.46; 95% confidence interval 1.38-9.06). The offices were undergoing renovation work around the time of likely exposure and contained straw board that had repeatedly been drilled. The outbreak may have been caused by aerosolization of Coxiella burnetii spore-like forms during drilling into contaminated straw board. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - van Woerden, Hugo C AU - Mason, Brendan W AU - Nehaul, Lika K AU - Smith, Robert AU - Salmon, Roland L AU - Healy, Brendan AU - Valappil, Manoj AU - Westmoreland, Diana AU - de Martin, Sarah AU - Evans, Meirion R AU - Lloyd, Graham AU - Hamilton-Kirkwood, Marysia AU - Williams, Nina S AD - National Public Health Service for Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. vanwoerdenh1@cf.ac.uk Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1282 EP - 1289 VL - 10 IS - 7 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Paper KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Q Fever -- epidemiology KW - Coxiella burnetii -- isolation & purification KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66806588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Q+fever+outbreak+in+industrial+setting.&rft.au=van+Woerden%2C+Hugo+C%3BMason%2C+Brendan+W%3BNehaul%2C+Lika+K%3BSmith%2C+Robert%3BSalmon%2C+Roland+L%3BHealy%2C+Brendan%3BValappil%2C+Manoj%3BWestmoreland%2C+Diana%3Bde+Martin%2C+Sarah%3BEvans%2C+Meirion+R%3BLloyd%2C+Graham%3BHamilton-Kirkwood%2C+Marysia%3BWilliams%2C+Nina+S&rft.aulast=van+Woerden&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 May-Jun;5(3):388-94 [10341175] Commun Dis Public Health. 1998 Sep;1(3):180-7 [9782633] Am J Hyg. 1953 Nov;58(3):385-8 [13104396] Prac Lek. 1956 Aug;8(4):300-1 [13389069] Br Med J. 1958 Oct 4;2(5100):809-16 [13572912] Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1950 May;40(5):524-32 [15410909] Br Med J. 1960 Feb 6;1(5170):387-90 [14402625] Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1948 Oct 30;78(43):1064-6 [18103669] Am J Hyg. 1949 Jan;49(1):76-82 [18108523] Am J Hyg. 1946 Jul;44:23-50 [20994098] Am J Hyg. 1946 Jul;44:88-102 [20994102] Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1948 Jun 5;78(22):529-31 [18870427] Scand J Infect Dis. 2000;32(6):605-7 [11200368] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Sep-Oct;7(5):789-96 [11747689] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1048-55 [12396914] Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2001 Summer;1(2):91-118 [12653141] J Infect Dis. 1981 Aug;144(2):107-13 [7276623] Lancet. 1982 May 1;1(8279):1002-4 [6122818] Arch Intern Med. 1987 Feb;147(2):341-4 [3813754] J Epidemiol Community Health. 1989 Dec;43(4):311-4 [2693574] Epidemiol Infect. 1990 Oct;105(2):391-408 [2209742] Respir Med. 1993 Oct;87(7):509-16 [8265838] Occup Environ Med. 1995 Oct;52(10):644-7 [7489053] Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev. 1996 Mar 1;6(3):R46-9 [8820193] Cent Eur J Public Health. 1997 Dec;5(4):180-2 [9457416] Lancet. 1951 Dec 22;2(6695):1152-7 [14881591] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation of analytical results for peanuts in energy bars and milk chocolate. AN - 66770870; 15295889 AB - Peanuts contain proteins that can cause severe allergic reactions in some sensitized individuals. Studies were conducted to determine the percentage of recovery by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in the analysis for peanuts in energy bars and milk chocolate and to determine the sampling, subsampling, and analytical variances associated with testing energy bars and milk chocolate for peanuts. Food products containing chocolate were selected because their composition makes sample preparation for subsampling difficult. Peanut-contaminated energy bars, noncontaminated energy bars, incurred milk chocolate containing known levels of peanuts, and peanut-free milk chocolate were used. A commercially available ELISA kit was used for analysis. The sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances associated with each step of the test procedure to measure peanut protein were determined for energy bars. The sample preparation and analytical variances were determined for milk chocolate. Variances were found to be functions of peanut concentration. Sampling and subsampling variability associated with energy bars accounted for 96.6% of the total testing variability. Subsampling variability associated with powdered milk chocolate accounted for >60% of the total testing variability. The variability among peanut test results can be reduced by increasing sample size, subsample size, and number of analyses. For energy bars the effect of increasing sample size from 1 to 4 bars, subsample size from 5 to 20 g, and number of aliquots quantified from 1 to 2 on reducing the sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variance was demonstrated. For powdered milk chocolate, the effects of increasing subsample size from 5 to 20 g and number of aliquots quantified from 1 to 2 on reducing sample preparation and analytical variances were demonstrated. This study serves as a template for application to other foods, and for extrapolation to different sizes of samples and subsamples as well as numbers of analyses. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Trucksess, Mary W AU - Whitaker, Thomas B AU - Slate, Andrew B AU - Williams, Kristina M AU - Brewer, Vickery A AU - Whittaker, Paul AU - Heeres, James T AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD 20740, USA. mtruckse@cfsan.fda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 943 EP - 949 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Plant Proteins KW - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Plant Proteins -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Allergens -- analysis KW - Arachis -- chemistry KW - Cacao -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66770870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Variation+of+analytical+results+for+peanuts+in+energy+bars+and+milk+chocolate.&rft.au=Trucksess%2C+Mary+W%3BWhitaker%2C+Thomas+B%3BSlate%2C+Andrew+B%3BWilliams%2C+Kristina+M%3BBrewer%2C+Vickery+A%3BWhittaker%2C+Paul%3BHeeres%2C+James+T&rft.aulast=Trucksess&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=943&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical proteomics: Applications for prostate cancer biomarker discovery and detection. AN - 66764442; 15283891 AB - The science of proteomics comprises much more than simply generating lists of proteins that change in expression as a cause of or consequence of pathophysiology. The goal of proteomics should be to characterize the information flow through the intercellular protein circuitry that communicates with the extracellular microenvironment and then ultimately to the serum/plasma macroenvironment. Serum proteomic pattern diagnostics is a new type of proteomic concept in which patterns of ion signatures generated from high dimensional mass spectrometry data are used as diagnostic classifiers. This recent approach has exciting potential for clinical utility of diagnostic patterns because low molecular weight metabolites, peptides, and protein fragments may have higher accuracy than traditional biomarkers of cancer detection. Intriguingly, we now have discovered that this diagnostic information exists in a bound state, complexed with circulating highly abundant carrier proteins. These diagnostic fragments may one day be harvested by circulating nanoparticles, designed to absorb, enrich, and amplify the repertoire of diagnostic biomarkers generated-even at the critical, initial stages of carcinogenesis. Copyright 2004 Elsevier Inc. JF - Urologic oncology AU - Petricoin, Emanuel F AU - Ornstein, David K AU - Liotta, Lance A AD - FDA-NCI Clinical Proteomics Program, Office of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologic Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. petricoin@cber.fda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 322 EP - 328 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 1078-1439, 1078-1439 KW - Biomarkers, Tumor KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein Array Analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- diagnosis KW - Proteomics -- trends KW - Biomarkers, Tumor -- analysis KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66764442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urologic+oncology&rft.atitle=Clinical+proteomics%3A+Applications+for+prostate+cancer+biomarker+discovery+and+detection.&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+Emanuel+F%3BOrnstein%2C+David+K%3BLiotta%2C+Lance+A&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urologic+oncology&rft.issn=10781439&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modifications and adaptations of the Charm II rapid antibody assay for chloramphenicol in honey. AN - 66739020; 15270516 AB - The Charm II screening method for the presence of chloramphenicol in honey has a sensitivity of 0.3 ppb. This screening method is a simple, rapid antibody assay using [3H]chloramphenicol and a binding reagent. Analysis of different types of honey revealed considerable differences in results. Honey can be liquid, crystallized (creamed), or partially crystallized and is classified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture into seven color categories: water white, extra white, white, extra light amber, light amber, amber, and dark amber. Fortified and nonfortified liquid amber honey tested appropriately with the Charm II unit and the negative control provided with the unit after slight modifications were made. However, approximately 70% of creamed honey samples fortified at 0.6 ppb did not test positive for the presence of chloramphenicol using the provided negative control. Matrix quenching effects were evaluated, and these effects were accounted for by establishing different assay conditions for different honey types. JF - Journal of food protection AU - McMullen, Sarah E AU - Lansden, John A AU - Schenck, Frank J AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Southeast Regional Laboratory, 60 Eighth Street N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30309, USA. smcmulle@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1533 EP - 1536 VL - 67 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Antibodies KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - Chloramphenicol KW - 66974FR9Q1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Mass Screening KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Viscosity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Time Factors KW - Color KW - Honey -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Chloramphenicol -- isolation & purification KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66739020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Modifications+and+adaptations+of+the+Charm+II+rapid+antibody+assay+for+chloramphenicol+in+honey.&rft.au=McMullen%2C+Sarah+E%3BLansden%2C+John+A%3BSchenck%2C+Frank+J&rft.aulast=McMullen&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rhabdomyolysis with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and gemfibrozil combination therapy. AN - 66737962; 15269925 AB - Elevated total cholesterol (total-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are established risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are effective cholesterol-lowering drugs that are commonly prescribed to treat this condition. These drugs are often combined with another class of drugs, fibric acid derivatives, to lower both cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Rhabdomyolysis is a known, rare serious side effect of statin monotherapy and of statin-fibrate combination therapy. To examine Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) postmarketing database for cases of rhabdomyolysis in relation to monotherapy and combination use and calculate reporting rates for this event. Domestic cases of statin- and statin/gemfibrozil-associated rhabdomyolysis were culled from FDA's database and reviewed. Rhabdomyolysis was defined by CPK > or = 10,000 IU/L, myopathic signs and symptoms and clinical diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. Reporting rates, consisting of number of reported cases/number of prescriptions for each drug, were then calculated to determine whether the reporting of rhabdomyolysis cases was commensurate with extent of use of each statin in the population. Cases were obtained from the FDA adverse event reporting system (AERS) database. NA. Number of rhabdomyolysis cases were evaluated, along with outcomes, such as renal failure, dialysis and death. Of 866 total reported cases, 482 (56%) were associated with monotherapy and 384 (44%) related to combination therapy. More than 80% of reported cases for each drug resulted in hospitalization for renal failure and dialysis. 80 patients expired from events related directly to rhabdomyolysis. Reporting rates for all statins, except for cerivastatin, were similar and much lower than 1 per 100,000 prescriptions. The cerivastatin-reporting rate was much higher at 4.24/100,000 prescriptions. Rhabdomyolysis is a rare, serious side effect of statin monotherapy and of statin-fibrate combination therapy. Clinicians need to remain cognizant of this potential adverse event and discuss signs and symptoms of muscle toxicity with patients in order improve the benefits-to-risks of treating dyslipidemia with statins. JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety AU - Chang, Jennie T AU - Staffa, Judy A AU - Parks, Mary AU - Green, Lanh AD - Office of Drug Safety, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. changJ@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 417 EP - 426 VL - 13 IS - 7 SN - 1053-8569, 1053-8569 KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Hypolipidemic Agents KW - Gemfibrozil KW - Q8X02027X3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Pharmacoepidemiology KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Rhabdomyolysis -- epidemiology KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Gemfibrozil -- administration & dosage KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Rhabdomyolysis -- chemically induced KW - Hypolipidemic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Rhabdomyolysis -- mortality KW - Hypolipidemic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Gemfibrozil -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66737962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.atitle=Rhabdomyolysis+with+HMG-CoA+reductase+inhibitors+and+gemfibrozil+combination+therapy.&rft.au=Chang%2C+Jennie+T%3BStaffa%2C+Judy+A%3BParks%2C+Mary%3BGreen%2C+Lanh&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Jennie&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.issn=10538569&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2005 Apr;14(4):287 [15782398] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rubella virus and birth defects: molecular insights into the viral teratogenesis at the cellular level. AN - 66715824; 15259032 AB - In utero rubella virus (RV) infection of a fetus can result in birth defects that are often collectively referred to as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). In extreme cases, fetal death can occur. In spite of the availability of a safe and effective vaccine against rubella, recent worldwide estimates are that more than 100,000 infants are born with CRS annually. Recently, several significant findings in the field of cell biology, as well as in the RV replication and virus-cell interactions, have originated from the authors' laboratory, and other researchers have provided insights into RV teratogenesis. It has been shown that 1) an RV protein induces cell-cycle arrest by generating a subpopulation of tetraploid nuclei (i.e., 4N DNA) cells, perhaps representative of the tetraploid state following S phase in the cell cycle, due to its interaction with citron-K kinase (CK); 2) RV infection induces apoptosis in cell culture, and 3) CK functional perturbations lead to tetraploidy, followed by apoptosis, in specific cell types. Based on several similarities between known RV-associated fetal and cellular manifestations and CK deficiency-associated phenotypes, it is reasonable to postulate that P90-CK interaction in RV-infected cells interferes with CK function and induces cell-cycle arrest following S phase in a subpopulation, perhaps representative of tetraploid stage, which could lead to subsequent apoptosis in RV infection. Taking all these observations to the fetal organogenesis level, it is plausible that P90-CK interaction could perhaps be one of the initial steps in RV infection-induced apoptosis-associated fetal birth defects in utero. JF - Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology AU - Atreya, C D AU - Mohan, K V K AU - Kulkarni, S AD - Section of Viral Pathogenesis and Vaccine Adverse Reactions, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. atreya@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 431 EP - 437 VL - 70 IS - 7 SN - 1542-0752, 1542-0752 KW - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins KW - 0 KW - Retinoblastoma Protein KW - citron-kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.- KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Cell Cycle -- physiology KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Retinoblastoma Protein -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Rubella virus -- pathogenicity KW - Rubella -- physiopathology KW - Rubella -- metabolism KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- virology KW - Rubella virus -- genetics KW - Fetus -- physiopathology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Fetus -- abnormalities KW - Fetus -- virology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- physiopathology KW - Rubella virus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66715824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.atitle=Rubella+virus+and+birth+defects%3A+molecular+insights+into+the+viral+teratogenesis+at+the+cellular+level.&rft.au=Atreya%2C+C+D%3BMohan%2C+K+V+K%3BKulkarni%2C+S&rft.aulast=Atreya&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.issn=15420752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aberrant gene expression in human non small cell lung carcinoma cells exposed to demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. AN - 66715071; 15256063 AB - The identification of genes undergoing genetic or epigenetic alterations and contributing to the development of cancer is critical to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. A new approach in identifying alterations of genes that might be relevant to the process of tumor development was used in this study by examining the gene expression profile in human lung cancer cells exposed to 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). A cDNA array analysis was carried out on 5-aza-dC-treated and untreated non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line NCI-H522. Sixteen and 14 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, by 5-aza-dC treatment. Among them, downregulation of tyrosine protein kinase ABL2 (ABL2) gene and upregulation of hint/protein kinase C inhibitor 1 (Hint/PKCI-1), DVL1, TIMP-1, and TRP-1 genes were found in expanded observations in two or three of five 5-aza-dC-treated NSCLC cell lines. Among these genes, we found that cDNA transfer of Hint/PKCI-1 resulted in a significant in vitro growth inhibition in two cell lines exhibiting 5-aza-dC-induced upregulation of Hint/PKCI-1 and significantly reduced in vivo tumorigenicity of one NSCLC cell line. Hint/PKCI-1, which is the only other characterized human histidine triad (HIT) nucleotide-binding protein in addition to tumor-suppressor gene FHIT, might be involved in lung carcinogenesis. Copyright 2004 Neoplasia Press, Inc. JF - Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) AU - Yuan, Bao-Zhu AU - Jefferson, Amy M AU - Popescu, Nicholas C AU - Reynolds, Steven H AD - Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. bby1@cdc.gov PY - 2004 SP - 412 EP - 419 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1522-8002, 1522-8002 KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - decitabine KW - 776B62CQ27 KW - Azacitidine KW - M801H13NRU KW - Index Medicus KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis KW - DNA Methylation KW - Transfection KW - Lung Neoplasms KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic -- toxicity KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung KW - Azacitidine -- toxicity KW - Azacitidine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66715071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neoplasia+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Aberrant+gene+expression+in+human+non+small+cell+lung+carcinoma+cells+exposed+to+demethylating+agent+5-aza-2%27-deoxycytidine.&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Bao-Zhu%3BJefferson%2C+Amy+M%3BPopescu%2C+Nicholas+C%3BReynolds%2C+Steven+H&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Bao-Zhu&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neoplasia+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=15228002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Carcinogenesis. 2000 Mar;21(3):461-7 [10688866] Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2003 Jan 15;140(2):113-7 [12645648] J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 31;275(13):9797-804 [10734134] Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2000 Sep;29(1):1-8 [10918387] Oncogene. 2004 Feb 19;23(7):1405-11 [14661059] Blood. 1984 Oct;64(4):922-9 [6206904] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):6993-7 [6209710] Nature. 1993 Aug 12;364(6438):648-52 [8350924] Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 1993 Dec;8(4):262-9 [7512370] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Oct 11;91(21):9700-4 [7937876] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Dec 6;91(25):11797-801 [7527544] J Biol Chem. 1995 Apr 7;270(14):8037-43 [7713905] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Aug 1;92(16):7416-9 [7543680] Nat Med. 1995 Jul;1(7):686-92 [7585152] Cell. 1996 Feb 23;84(4):587-97 [8598045] Cell. 1996 Apr 5;85(1):17-26 [8620533] Am J Ind Med. 1996 May;29(5):474-90 [8732921] Anticancer Drugs. 1997 Jan;8(1):56-61 [9147612] Int J Cancer. 1997 Mar 17;70(6):644-8 [9096643] Cancer Res. 1997 Aug 15;57(16):3347-50 [9269993] Science. 1997 Oct 10;278(5336):286-90 [9323207] Cell. 1997 Nov 14;91(4):479-89 [9390557] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jun 9;95(12):6870-5 [9618505] Exp Cell Res. 1998 Oct 10;244(1):26-32 [9770345] Genes Dev. 1999 May 1;13(9):1190-202 [10323869] J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001 Feb 21;93(4):277-83 [11181774] Asian J Androl. 2000 Sep;2(3):167-71 [11225974] Genes Dev. 2001 Mar 1;15(5):535-53 [11238375] Cancer Res. 2001 Feb 15;61(4):1327-33 [11245429] J Immunother. 2001 Mar-Apr;24(2):151-61 [11265773] Cancer Res. 2001 May 1;61(9):3581-5 [11325823] Oncogene. 2001 Sep 13;20(41):5865-77 [11593392] Cancer Res. 2002 Jan 15;62(2):351-5 [11809677] Cancer Res. 2002 Apr 15;62(8):2370-7 [11956099] Nat Rev Genet. 2002 Jun;3(6):415-28 [12042769] J Cell Biochem. 2003 Jan 1;88(1):138-43 [12461783] Cancer Res. 2003 Mar 1;63(5):1114-21 [12615730] Cancer Res. 2000 Feb 15;60(4):1049-53 [10706123] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brain hyperthermia induced by MDMA (ecstasy): modulation by environmental conditions. AN - 66689515; 15245478 AB - Drugs of abuse, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), often have more powerful effects during states of increased activation and under specific environmental conditions. Because hyperthermia is a major complication of MDMA use and a factor potentiating neurotoxicity, we examined the effects of this drug (9 mg/kg, sc; approximately one-fifth of the known LD(50) in rats) on brain [nucleus accumbens (Nacc) and hippocampus (Hippo)] and muscle (musculus temporalis) temperatures in male rats under conditions that either model human drug use (social interaction with female, warm temperature) or restrict heat dissipation from the brain (chronic occlusion of jugular veins). Under quiet resting conditions at 23 degrees C, MDMA induced a moderate but prolonged hyperthermia. Both NAcc and Hippo showed more rapid and stronger temperature increases than muscle, suggesting metabolic neural activation as a primary cause of brain hyperthermia. During social interaction with a female, brain hyperthermia induced by MDMA was significantly potentiated (+89%). Brain hyperthermia induced by MDMA was also strongly potentiated (+188%) in animals with chronically occluded jugular veins, suggesting impaired cerebral outflow enhances intrabrain heat accumulation. At 29 degrees C, MDMA pushed temperatures in the brain to its biological limits (>41 degrees C; +268%), resulting in fatalities in most (83%) tested animals. Therefore, by inducing metabolic brain activation and restricting heat dissipation, MDMA use under 'party' conditions may be much more dangerous than under standard laboratory conditions. JF - The European journal of neuroscience AU - Brown, P Leon AU - Kiyatkin, Eugene A AD - Behavioural Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 51 EP - 58 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0953-816X, 0953-816X KW - Hallucinogens KW - 0 KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - KE1SEN21RM KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- drug effects KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- physiology KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - Jugular Veins -- physiopathology KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- physiopathology KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Body Temperature -- physiology KW - Hippocampus -- physiopathology KW - Muscles -- physiopathology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Muscles -- drug effects KW - Jugular Veins -- innervation KW - Fever -- chemically induced KW - Environment KW - Brain -- physiopathology KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -- adverse effects KW - Hallucinogens -- adverse effects KW - Fever -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66689515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+European+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Brain+hyperthermia+induced+by+MDMA+%28ecstasy%29%3A+modulation+by+environmental+conditions.&rft.au=Brown%2C+P+Leon%3BKiyatkin%2C+Eugene+A&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+European+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=0953816X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Limitations of using dosimeters in impulse noise environments. AN - 66686335; 15238316 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) investigated the capabilities of noise dosimeters to measure personal exposure to impulse noise. The two leading types of commercially available dosimeters were evaluated in terms of their ability to measure and integrate impulses generated from gunfire during live-fire exercises at a law enforcement indoor firing range. Sound measurements were conducted throughout the firing range using dosimeters, sound level meters, and a measurement configuration that consisted of a quarter-inch microphone and a digital audiotape recorder to capture the impulse waveforms. Personal dosimetry was conducted on eight shooters, an observer, and the range master. Peak levels from gunfire reached 163 decibels (dB), exceeding the nominal input limit of the dosimeters. The dosimeters "clipped" the impulses by acting as if the gunfire had a maximum level of 146 dB. In other cases, however, peak levels (e.g., 108 dB) were below the dosimeter input limits, but the dosimeters still showed a peak level of 146 dB. Although NIOSH recommends that sound levels from 80 to 140 dB (A-weighted) be integrated in the calculation of dose and the time-weighted average, our present data suggest this criterion may be inadequate. These results showed that some instruments are incapable of providing accurate measures of impulse sounds because of their electroacoustic limitations. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Kardous, Chucri A AU - Willson, Robert D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. ckardous@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 456 EP - 462 VL - 1 IS - 7 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Law Enforcement KW - Humans KW - Tape Recording KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Firearms KW - Noise, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66686335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Limitations+of+using+dosimeters+in+impulse+noise+environments.&rft.au=Kardous%2C+Chucri+A%3BWillson%2C+Robert+D&rft.aulast=Kardous&rft.aufirst=Chucri&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=456&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of evaluation procedures for local exhaust ventilation for United States postal service mail-processing equipment. AN - 66686302; 15238311 AB - Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) have conducted several evaluations of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) systems for the United States Postal Service (USPS) since autumn 2001 when (a) terrorist(s) employed the mail system for acts of bioterrorism. As a part of the USPS 2002 Emergency Preparedness Plan, the development and installation of LEV onto USPS mail-processing equipment can reduce future exposures to operators from potentially hazardous contaminants, such as anthrax, which might be emitted during the processing of mail. This article describes how NIOSH field testing led to the development of recommended testing procedures for evaluations of LEV capture efficiency for mail-processing equipment, including tracer gas measurements, smoke release observations, air velocity measurements, and decay-rate testing under access hoods. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Beamer, Bryan R AU - Topmiller, Jennifer L AU - Crouch, Keith G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. bbeamer@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 423 EP - 429 VL - 1 IS - 7 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Smoke KW - Sulfur Hexafluoride KW - WS7LR3I1D6 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Filtration KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Smoke -- analysis KW - Anthrax -- microbiology KW - Air Microbiology KW - Postal Service KW - Bioterrorism KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Ventilation -- instrumentation KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Ventilation -- standards KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66686302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Development+of+evaluation+procedures+for+local+exhaust+ventilation+for+United+States+postal+service+mail-processing+equipment.&rft.au=Beamer%2C+Bryan+R%3BTopmiller%2C+Jennifer+L%3BCrouch%2C+Keith+G&rft.aulast=Beamer&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metronidazole resistance in Bacteroides spp. carrying nim genes and the selection of slow-growing metronidazole-resistant mutants. AN - 66681430; 15190033 AB - Human clinical isolates of Bacteroides spp. originating from patients in the UK were investigated for the presence of metronidazole resistance determinants (nim genes) and their presence was related to the MIC of metronidazole for the isolates. Isolates were screened for susceptibility to a metronidazole disc and had their MIC determined by the Etest method. They were investigated for the presence of nim genes by PCR. An experiment to determine the effect of prolonged exposure to metronidazole was applied to nim-positive isolates with MICs below the therapeutic breakpoint. Fifty of 206 isolates (24%) were found to possess nim genes and these had MICs of metronidazole ranging from 1.5 to >256 mg/L with 24 (11.6%) above the therapeutic breakpoint of 16 mg/L. The remaining 26 nim-gene-positive isolates had MICs that were still below the therapeutic breakpoint, ranging from 1.5 to 6.0 mg/L. nim genes were not found in 156 (76%) isolates, and all but seven of these were susceptible to a 5 microg disc of metronidazole. Ten members of the group for which the MICs were below the therapeutic level were found to have slow-growing sub-populations with metronidazole MICs ranging from 8.0 to >256 mg/L that became evident after prolonged exposure to metronidazole in vitro. This resistance selection process was sometimes reversible after passage in the absence of metronidazole; however, seven of the 10 slow-growing mutants converted to stable high-level resistance (MIC >256 mg/L). Although the presence of nim genes per se does not always equate to therapeutic resistance, and other metronidazole resistance mechanisms may exist, this study has shown that prolonged exposure of nim-gene-carrying Bacteroides spp. to metronidazole can select for therapeutic resistance. JF - The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy AU - Gal, Micaela AU - Brazier, J S AD - Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Service Wales, Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK. michaela.gal@nphs.wales.nhs.uk Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 109 EP - 116 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0305-7453, 0305-7453 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Metronidazole KW - 140QMO216E KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - Mutation -- physiology KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Diffusion KW - Bacteroides Infections -- microbiology KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Bacteroides -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Metronidazole -- pharmacology KW - Bacteroides -- growth & development KW - Bacteroides -- drug effects KW - Genes, Bacterial -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66681430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+antimicrobial+chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Metronidazole+resistance+in+Bacteroides+spp.+carrying+nim+genes+and+the+selection+of+slow-growing+metronidazole-resistant+mutants.&rft.au=Gal%2C+Micaela%3BBrazier%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Gal&rft.aufirst=Micaela&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+antimicrobial+chemotherapy&rft.issn=03057453&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Associations between plasma DDE levels and immunologic measures in African-American farmers in North Carolina. AN - 66676891; 15238281 AB - Experimental studies in rodents demonstrate evidence of immunosuppressive effects of dietary exposure to DDT [2,2-bis((italic)p(/italic)-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane], but human data pertaining to immunomodulating effects of DDT exposure are limited. In this study we examined the association between the persistent organochlorine breakdown product 1,1-dichloro-2,2,bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene p,p'-DDE) and immunologic measures using blood samples in a relatively highly exposed population of farmers in the United States. Levels of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG and the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in relation to plasma p,p'-DDE levels were evaluated in samples from 137 African-American male farmers (30-88 years of age; median, 64 years). Participants were recruited through black churches in four rural counties in eastern North Carolina. Data collection included a telephone interview pertaining to farming practices and health history, and one blood sample was collected from each participant. Linear and logistic regression, adjusting for age, cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking status, and years of any kind of pesticide use, was used to assess the association between immunologic parameters and plasma levels of p,p'-DDE. The median plasma p,p'-DDE concentration was 7.7 microg/L (range, 0.6-77.4 microg/L). There was no association between p,p'-DDE and IgA in any of the models. IgG levels decreased with increasing p,p'-DDE levels, with a statistically significant decrease of approximately 50% in the highest two categories of exposure (greater than or equal to 6.0 microg/L) compared with values of or = 12.0 microg/L compared with < 3.0 microg/L p,p'-DDE), but this difference was not statistically significant. These analyses provide evidence that p,p'-DDE modulates immune responses in humans. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Cooper, Glinda S AU - Martin, Stephen A AU - Longnecker, Matthew P AU - Sandler, Dale P AU - Germolec, Dori R AD - Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1080 EP - 1084 VL - 112 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Immunoglobulin A KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Insecticides KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene KW - 4M7FS82U08 KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - North Carolina KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Insecticides -- poisoning KW - Immunoglobulin G -- analysis KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene -- poisoning KW - Immunoglobulin A -- analysis KW - African Americans KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene -- blood KW - Antibody Formation -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66676891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Associations+between+plasma+DDE+levels+and+immunologic+measures+in+African-American+farmers+in+North+Carolina.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Glinda+S%3BMartin%2C+Stephen+A%3BLongnecker%2C+Matthew+P%3BSandler%2C+Dale+P%3BGermolec%2C+Dori+R&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Glinda&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1080&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Immunol Res. 1999;20(1):67-78 [10467984] Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Jan 1;153(1):53-63 [11159147] Lancet. 2001 Jul 14;358(9276):110-4 [11463412] Toxicology. 2002 Jun 5;174(3):201-10 [12007859] Epidemiology. 2002 Jul;13(4):454-8 [12094101] Ann Clin Biochem. 2002 Jul;39(Pt 4):374-7 [12117441] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Jul;110(7):617-24 [12117636] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Aug;111(10):1273-7 [12896845] Pediatrics. 1966 May;37(5):715-27 [4956666] N Engl J Med. 1970 Sep 17;283(12):631-4 [4194865] Arch Environ Health. 1975 Feb;30(2):81-4 [234722] Infect Immun. 1978 Apr;20(1):30-5 [97225] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1982;50(4):329-40 [7174118] Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1984 Oct;33(1):13-22 [6478653] Am J Public Health. 1987 Oct;77(10):1294-7 [3115123] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1987 Nov;39(5):822-6 [3318960] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1987 Nov;39(5):827-34 [3690008] Arch Environ Health. 1991 Jul-Aug;46(4):249-53 [2069434] Arch Environ Health. 1992 Jul-Aug;47(4):295-301 [1497384] Arch Environ Health. 1993 Mar-Apr;48(2):81-8 [8476309] Arch Environ Health. 1993 Mar-Apr;48(2):89-93 [7682805] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1993 Oct;122(2):233-43 [8212005] Am J Public Health. 1995 Apr;85(4):504-8 [7702113] Nature. 1995 Jun 15;375(6532):581-5 [7791873] J AOAC Int. 1995 Nov-Dec;78(6):1353-63 [8664570] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Apr;104(4):362-9 [8732939] Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1997 Mar;65(1):97-9 [9207760] Clin Invest Med. 1998 Feb;21(1):4-11 [9512879] Arthritis Rheum. 1998 Oct;41(10):1714-24 [9778212] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1999 May;36(4):504 [10227872] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1999 Jun 25;57(4):225-36 [10406347] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Oct;107 Suppl 5:783-92 [10502545] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1992 Apr;48(4):535-40 [1504498] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Mar;108(3):205-11 [10706525] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Jan;109(1):27-33 [11171521] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in specific gene expression and focal neoplastic growth during spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis in albumin-SV40 T antigen transgenic rats. AN - 66665417; 15224347 AB - Transgenic rats containing the mouse albumin promoter and enhancer directing the expression of simian virus (SV40) T antigen (T Ag) exhibited a 100% incidence of hepatic neoplasms by 24-36 wk of age. These transgenic rats exhibited expression of large T Ag and c-myc protein within focal basophilic lesions and nodules, but not in surrounding hepatocytes. At 24 wk of age, female TG+ rats exhibited a significantly greater number of lesions and a much greater percentage of the liver occupied by TG+ focal hepatic lesions than did their male TG+ littermates. Previous studies on these animals [Sargent et al., Cancer Res 1997;57:3451-3456] demonstrate that at 12 wk of age approximately one-third of metaphases in hepatocytes exhibit a duplication of the 1q3.7-1q4.1 region of rat chromosome 1, with the smallest common region of duplication being that of 1q4.1. Duplication of the 1q3.7-1q4.3 region is also noted in many primary hepatic neoplasms resulting from the multistage model of Initiation-Promotion-Progression (IPP) [Sargent et al., Cancer Res 1996;56:2985-2991]. This region is syntenic with human 11p15.5 and mouse 7ter, which have been implicated in the development of specific neoplasms. Within the syntenic region was a cluster of imprinted genes whose expression we investigated in livers and neoplasms of TG+ rats. H19 was expressed in almost all of the neoplasms, but not in normal adult liver cells. Igf2 expression was detected in the majority of hepatic neoplasms of female TG+ rats, but in a relatively smaller number of neoplasms of TG+ males. The expression of p57Kip2 (Kip2), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that was also in the imprinted region, exhibited some variable increased expression predominantly in hepatic neoplasms from livers of female TG+ rats. Other imprinted genes within the imprinted gene cluster-insulin II (Ins2), Mash2 (which codes for a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor), and Kvlqt1 (coding for a component of a potassium transport channel)-showed no consistently different expression from that seen in normal hepatocytes. Another gene, also located on the long arm of chromosome 1, that showed changes was the ribonucleotide reductase M1 subunit (Rrm1), in which an increase in its expression was found. This was seen in hepatic neoplasms of TG+ rats of both sexes compared with surrounding normal-appearing liver. Because hepatic neoplasms developing in livers of rats treated with chemical carcinogens commonly exhibit an increased expression of c-myc mRNA, expression of this gene was investigated in focal lesions and livers of TG+ rats, although c-myc was not located on chromosome 1. c-myc mRNA was increased in focal lesions, nodules, and neoplasms in both male and female TG+ rats compared with adult and surrounding liver. Immunostaining for c-myc protein demonstrated detectable levels in isolated single cells as well as focal lesions and neoplasms. Thus, the enhanced c-myc expression, common to all hepatic neoplasms in this system, coupled with enhanced expression of Igf2 in female TG+ rats, may be responsible for the increase in growth rate in hepatic neoplasms of female TG+ rats compared with that in livers of male TG+ rats and may contribute to neoplastic progression in the liver of this transgenic model. JF - Molecular carcinogenesis AU - Dragan, Yvonne P AU - Sargent, Linda M AU - Babcock, Karlee AU - Kinunen, Nina AU - Pitot, Henry C AD - NCTR/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 150 EP - 159 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0899-1987, 0899-1987 KW - Albumins KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor II KW - 67763-97-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Chromosome Deletion KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Genes, myc KW - Humans KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- genetics KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc -- genetics KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor II -- genetics KW - Animals, Genetically Modified KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- genetics KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- physiology KW - Albumins -- genetics KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- pathology KW - Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66665417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+specific+gene+expression+and+focal+neoplastic+growth+during+spontaneous+hepatocarcinogenesis+in+albumin-SV40+T+antigen+transgenic+rats.&rft.au=Dragan%2C+Yvonne+P%3BSargent%2C+Linda+M%3BBabcock%2C+Karlee%3BKinunen%2C+Nina%3BPitot%2C+Henry+C&rft.aulast=Dragan&rft.aufirst=Yvonne&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.issn=08991987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends survey of abdomen and lumbosacral spine radiography. AN - 66662276; 15220497 AB - Results of the 1995 Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends (NEXT) survey of facilities that perform diagnostic radiographic examinations of the abdomen and lumbosacral spine were compared with those of previous NEXT surveys conducted in 1987 and 1989. A clinically validated radiographic phantom was used in the 1995 survey to capture data about radiation exposure and image quality. Additional data were obtained regarding clinical techniques, facility workloads, x-ray beam quality, film processing quality, and darkroom fog. Mean skin-entrance air kerma for the abdomen examination dropped from 3.2 mGy (in 1987) to 2.8 mGy at hospitals and from 3.4 mGy (in 1989) to 3.0 mGy at nonhospital facilities. Mean skin-entrance air kerma also decreased for the lumbosacral spine examination from 3.7 mGy (in 1987) to 3.3 mGy at hospitals and from 3.8 mGy (in 1989) to 3.2 mGy at nonhospital facilities. The quality of film processing improved, although 58 (18.3%) of 317 surveyed facilities did not meet the Mammography Quality Standards Act standard for film processing quality, compared with 185 (5.9%) of 3,120 mammography facilities inspected in 1995. Finally, 181 (58.0%) of 312 surveyed facilities had darkroom fog levels greater than the Mammography Quality Standards Act standard, compared with 1,426 (16.6%) of 8,605 mammography facilities inspected in 1995. JF - Radiology AU - Spelic, David C AU - Kaczmarek, Richard V AU - Suleiman, Orhan H AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Division of Mammography Quality and Radiation Programs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 1350 Piccard Drive, HFZ-240, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. david.spelic@fda.hhs.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 115 EP - 125 VL - 232 IS - 1 SN - 0033-8419, 0033-8419 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Phantoms, Imaging KW - Radiography -- standards KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Radiometry KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Humans KW - X-Ray Intensifying Screens KW - Radiography -- statistics & numerical data KW - Radiography -- trends KW - Radiography, Abdominal -- trends KW - Radiography, Abdominal -- statistics & numerical data KW - Lumbar Vertebrae -- diagnostic imaging KW - Sacrum -- diagnostic imaging KW - Radiography, Abdominal -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66662276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiology&rft.atitle=Nationwide+Evaluation+of+X-ray+Trends+survey+of+abdomen+and+lumbosacral+spine+radiography.&rft.au=Spelic%2C+David+C%3BKaczmarek%2C+Richard+V%3BSuleiman%2C+Orhan+H&rft.aulast=Spelic&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=232&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiology&rft.issn=00338419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression profile of eukaryotic translation factors in human cancer tissues and cell lines. AN - 66661551; 15224349 AB - Several studies have demonstrated the overexpression of certain eukaryotic translation factors in human cancer cell lines and in malignant tissues. In this study, with human cancer cell lines derived from lungs, breast, prostate, and skin, we have examined the expression profile of 36 translation factors consisting of 27 initiation factors, 8 elongation factors, and 1 termination factor. Translation initiation factors 2C2 and 4E1 and translation elongation factors 1A2 and 1delta were found overexpressed (2- to 2000-fold) in many of the cancer cell lines compared to their corresponding normal cell lines. Among the translation factors analyzed, translation elongation factor 1A2 exhibited the most significant alteration in expression: 10- to 2000-fold overexpression was noticed in nine out of ten cancer cell lines analyzed. Whether the overexpression of translation elongation factor 1A2 can be used as a potential tumor marker was tested with the cancer profiling array (BD Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA) consisting of 241 paired cDNA samples generated from 13 different cancer/noncancer tissue types. Overexpression of translation elongation factor 1A2 was noticed in several tumor tissue samples, most notably in the human colon cancer samples which exhibited at least a twofold overexpression among 35% of the samples analyzed. Besides colon, tumor samples derived from lungs, kidney, rectum, and ovary also exhibited more than a twofold overexpression of translation elongation factor 1A2 in at least 20% of the samples analyzed. These results indicate that human carcinogenesis is often associated with alterations in the expression of various translation factors especially the overexpression of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A2. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Molecular carcinogenesis AU - Joseph, Pius AU - O'Kernick, Christina M AU - Othumpangat, Sreekumar AU - Lei, Yi-Xiong AU - Yuan, Bao-Zhu AU - Ong, Tong-Man AD - Molecular Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 171 EP - 179 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0899-1987, 0899-1987 KW - Eukaryotic Initiation Factors KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Male KW - Female KW - Skin Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Breast Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Eukaryotic Initiation Factors -- metabolism KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Lung Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Breast Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Skin Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Lung Neoplasms -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66661551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Expression+profile+of+eukaryotic+translation+factors+in+human+cancer+tissues+and+cell+lines.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+Pius%3BO%27Kernick%2C+Christina+M%3BOthumpangat%2C+Sreekumar%3BLei%2C+Yi-Xiong%3BYuan%2C+Bao-Zhu%3BOng%2C+Tong-Man&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Pius&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.issn=08991987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The phantom of lactic acidosis due to metformin in patients with diabetes. AN - 66659551; 15220268 JF - Diabetes care AU - Misbin, Robert I AD - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20851, USA. misbinr@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1791 EP - 1793 VL - 27 IS - 7 SN - 0149-5992, 0149-5992 KW - Hypoglycemic Agents KW - 0 KW - Metformin KW - 9100L32L2N KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Acidosis, Lactic -- chemically induced KW - Metformin -- administration & dosage KW - Hypoglycemic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Metformin -- adverse effects KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66659551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diabetes+care&rft.atitle=The+phantom+of+lactic+acidosis+due+to+metformin+in+patients+with+diabetes.&rft.au=Misbin%2C+Robert+I&rft.aulast=Misbin&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1791&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diabetes+care&rft.issn=01495992&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) increases subsequent heroin taking but not heroin's reinforcing efficacy: a self-administration study in rats. AN - 66657096; 15039767 AB - One concern about the widespread use of cannabis is that exposure to its active ingredient, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), might increase future reinforcing effects of other abused drugs such as heroin. In this study, we investigated the effects of pre-exposure to THC on subsequent intravenous self-administration of heroin by Sprague-Dawley rats. In one group of rats, we studied (1) acquisition of heroin self-administration behavior using a continuous-reinforcement (fixed-ratio (FR) 1) schedule, (2) heroin dose-response relationships using an FR1/variable-dose schedule, and (3) reinforcing efficacy of heroin using a progressive-ratio schedule. The number of rats pre-exposed to THC that subsequently learned to self-administer 50 microg/kg injections of heroin within 10 daily sessions did not differ from vehicle-pretreated controls. In contrast, rats pre-exposed to THC subsequently self-administered significantly more heroin injections per session and showed significantly shorter post-injection pauses over a range of heroin doses (12.5-100 microg/kg/injection) using the variable-dose schedule. Interestingly, the maximum effort rats would exert to receive an injection of the different doses of heroin under the progressive-ratio schedule was not altered by THC pre-exposure. In a second group of rats, we varied the 'price' of heroin (responses required/dose), by manipulating FR response requirements at different doses of heroin across sessions, to calculate demand and response output curves. Again, consumption was significantly higher in the THC-treated rats at the lowest prices of heroin (FR1/100 microg/kg and FR1/50 microg/kg) but there were no differences in the reinforcing efficacy of heroin between THC- and vehicle-pretreated rats. Altogether, these results demonstrate that pre-exposure to THC alters some pharmacological effects of heroin that determine frequency of heroin taking, but offer no support for the hypothesis that pre-exposure to THC alters heroin's efficacy as a reinforcer. Copyright 2004 Nature Publishing Group JF - Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology AU - Solinas, M AU - Panlilio, L V AU - Goldberg, S R AD - Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1301 EP - 1311 VL - 29 IS - 7 SN - 0893-133X, 0893-133X KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic KW - 0 KW - Narcotics KW - Heroin KW - 70D95007SX KW - Dronabinol KW - 7J8897W37S KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Drug Interactions KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Self Administration -- methods KW - Reinforcement Schedule KW - Heroin Dependence KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic -- pharmacology KW - Dronabinol -- pharmacology KW - Reinforcement (Psychology) KW - Narcotics -- administration & dosage KW - Heroin -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66657096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuropsychopharmacology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+College+of+Neuropsychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol+%28THC%29+increases+subsequent+heroin+taking+but+not+heroin%27s+reinforcing+efficacy%3A+a+self-administration+study+in+rats.&rft.au=Solinas%2C+M%3BPanlilio%2C+L+V%3BGoldberg%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Solinas&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuropsychopharmacology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+College+of+Neuropsychopharmacology&rft.issn=0893133X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frequency of Tk and Hprt lymphocyte mutants and bone marrow micronuclei in mice treated neonatally with zidovudine and didanosine. AN - 66650548; 15215330 AB - The nucleoside analog zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, AZT), by itself or in combination with other anti- retroviral drugs, is used perinatally to prevent mother to child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. AZT is mutagenic in vitro and mutagenic and carcinogenic when administered to neonatal mice. A previous study indicated that the anti-retroviral agent didanosine (2',3'-dideoxyinosine, ddI) potentiated the mutagenicity of AZT in the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of cultured human TK6 lymphoblastoid cells. We have evaluated whether or not ddI affects the in vivo genotoxicity of AZT by breeding C57Bl/6N/Tk+/- female mice with C3H/HeNMTV male mice and treating the offspring daily on postnatal days 1-8 with 200 mg/kg ddI alone or in combination with 200 mg/kg AZT. One day after the last dose, bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) were obtained to assess the induction of micronuclei; 3 weeks following treatment, the induction of mutants was determined in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) and Tk genes of splenic T lymphocytes from B6C3F1/Tk+/- mice. The mixture of AZT and ddI, but not ddI alone, caused a significant increase in micronucleated PCEs. When assessed 3 weeks after dosing, ddI did not induce mutations in the Hprt or Tk genes. The mixture of AZT and ddI also did not induce mutations in the Hprt gene, but did induce a significant increase in Tk mutants, similar to that observed previously with AZT alone. The induction of mutations in the Tk gene by the mixture of AZT and ddI was associated with loss of the wild-type Tk+ allele. These data indicate that, under the conditions of this experiment, ddI is not mutagenic in neonatal B6C3F1/Tk+/- mice and that it does not potentiate the mutagenicity of AZT. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Von Tungeln, Linda S AU - Dobrovolsky, Vasily N AU - Bishop, Michelle E AU - Shaddock, Joseph G AU - Heflich, Robert H AU - Beland, Frederick A AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology and. Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 307 EP - 311 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Didanosine KW - K3GDH6OH08 KW - Index Medicus KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Loss of Heterozygosity KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Female KW - Male KW - Didanosine -- toxicity KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- drug effects KW - Zidovudine -- toxicity KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- pathology KW - Lymphocytes -- enzymology KW - Didanosine -- administration & dosage KW - Zidovudine -- administration & dosage KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66650548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Frequency+of+Tk+and+Hprt+lymphocyte+mutants+and+bone+marrow+micronuclei+in+mice+treated+neonatally+with+zidovudine+and+didanosine.&rft.au=Von+Tungeln%2C+Linda+S%3BDobrovolsky%2C+Vasily+N%3BBishop%2C+Michelle+E%3BShaddock%2C+Joseph+G%3BHeflich%2C+Robert+H%3BBeland%2C+Frederick+A&rft.aulast=Von+Tungeln&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonfatal occupational injuries from slips, trips, and falls among older workers treated in hospital emergency departments, United States 1998. AN - 66637488; 15202123 AB - Falls are a leading cause of injury among older adults. As the workforce demographics shift to an older population, the dearth of information on occupational falls among older adults must be addressed. A national probability sample of hospital emergency departments (EDs) (National Electronic Injury Surveillance System) was utilized to characterize falls at work. Older workers were found not to be at increased risk of a fall injury, but were more likely than younger workers to be hospitalized post-injury. Same-level falls were the most common type of incident among older workers. Falls from height were more prevalent among men than women. The narrative case descriptions for same-level falls to the floor primarily implicated floor contamination and tripping hazards. Fall prevention programs targeted to older workers must examine extrinsic sources of falls, particularly surface traction, contaminant control, and footwear. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Layne, Larry A AU - Pollack, Keshia M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. lal3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 32 EP - 41 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Probability KW - Industry -- classification KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Age Distribution KW - Population Surveillance KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- classification KW - Occupational Medicine -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidental Falls -- statistics & numerical data KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- utilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66637488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Nonfatal+occupational+injuries+from+slips%2C+trips%2C+and+falls+among+older+workers+treated+in+hospital+emergency+departments%2C+United+States+1998.&rft.au=Layne%2C+Larry+A%3BPollack%2C+Keshia+M&rft.aulast=Layne&rft.