TY - JOUR T1 - Glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate and dopamine receptors have contrasting effects on the limbic versus the somatosensory cortex with respect to amphetamine-induced neurodegeneration AN - 17621233; 6163175 AB - The roles that glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptors play in the cortical neurotoxicity occurring in rats exposed to multiple doses of amphetamine (AMPH) for 2 days was evaluated. Neurodegeneration in rats that did not become hyperthermic during AMPH exposure was quantified by counting isolectin B4-labeled phagocytic microglia and Fluoro-Jade (F-J)-labeled neurons in the somatosensory parietal cortex, piriform cortex and posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus (PLCo). The NMDA receptor antagonist, dizocilpine (0.63 mg/kg day) blocked AMPH-induced neurodegeneration in the somatosensory cortex. However, it did not affect degeneration in the piriform cortex and PLCo indicating that limbic degeneration was not NMDA-mediated. The dopamine antagonists, eticlopride (D2/3, 0.25 mg/kg day) and SCH-23390 (D1, 0.25 mg/kg day), blocked the stereotypic behavior and neurodegeneration in the somatosensory cortex. However, eticlopride had a lesser protective effect in the limbic regions. As well, the dopamine D2/D3 agonist quinpirole (1.5 mg/kg day) protected against cortical neurodegeneration when it was given during AMPH exposure and continued until sacrifice. The dopamine D1 agonist (SKF-38393, 12.5 mg/kg day) had no significant effect on neurodegeneration. These data indicate that there are significant differences in NMDA and dopamine D2 modulation of AMPH-induced neurodegeneration in the somatosensory cortex compared to the limbic cortices, and limbic cortical degeneration is not necessarily dependent on excessive stimulation of NMDA receptors as it is in the somatosensory cortex. Although excessive dopamine receptor stimulation during amphetamine exposure may trigger the neurodegenerative processes, continued D2 stimulation after AMPH exposure is neuroprotective in the cortex. JF - Brain Research AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Delongchamp, R R AU - Jakab, R L AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, United States, jbowyer@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12/31/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 31 SP - 234 EP - 246 VL - 1030 IS - 2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24115:Pathology KW - N3 11106:Neurobiology of drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17621233?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research&rft.atitle=Glutamate+N-methyl-d-aspartate+and+dopamine+receptors+have+contrasting+effects+on+the+limbic+versus+the+somatosensory+cortex+with+respect+to+amphetamine-induced+neurodegeneration&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BDelongchamp%2C+R+R%3BJakab%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-12-31&rft.volume=1030&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=234&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+Research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.brainres.2004.10.013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2004.10.013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue confirmation of beta-agonists in bovine retina and liver using LC-ES/MS/MS. AN - 67099271; 15556513 AB - Misuse of numerous beta-agonist drugs for their growth promoting effects in livestock production requires significant regulatory enforcement activities worldwide. The proof of illegal drug use needed for regulatory action usually requires the high degree of specificity derived from mass spectrometric analysis of suspect tissues and body fluids. In this paper, we describe a multiresidue screening method for confirmation of nine beta-agonist compounds in bovine liver and retina. A wide range of analyte structures was selected in order to demonstrate applicability to other chemically related beta-agonists for which standards are not currently available. The class-specific method, which is based on mixed mode cation exchange/reverse phase solid phase extraction, reverse phase gradient LC separation using a cyanopropyl-silica phase, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, yields high analyte recoveries at the target level of 1 ppb (ng/g). In addition, acquisition of multiple MRM transitions for each analyte permits simultaneous confirmation of beta-agonists at the level of 1 ppb in liver and retina by using intensity ratios between fragment ions and protonated molecules. Estimated values for the limit of quantification (LOQ) for individual beta-agonists were 0.08-0.3 ppb in liver and 0.02-0.5 in retina; the estimated limits of confirmation, using accepted criteria from international regulatory agencies, were 0.25-0.8 ppb in liver and 0.1-1 ppb in retina. This method should be useful in supporting regulatory enforcement programs that monitor beta-agonist misuse. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Williams, Lee D AU - Churchwell, Mona I AU - Doerge, Daniel R AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/12/25/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 25 SP - 35 EP - 45 VL - 813 IS - 1-2 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- analysis KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Retina -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67099271?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+confirmation+of+beta-agonists+in+bovine+retina+and+liver+using+LC-ES%2FMS%2FMS.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Lee+D%3BChurchwell%2C+Mona+I%3BDoerge%2C+Daniel+R&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft.date=2004-12-25&rft.volume=813&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lactoperoxidase-Catalyzed Activation of Carcinogenic Aromatic and Heterocyclic Amines AN - 17742683; 6121891 AB - Lactoperoxidase, an enzyme secreted from the human mammary gland, plays a host defensive role through antimicrobial activity. It has been implicated in mutagenic and carcinogenic activation in the human mammary gland. The potential role of heterocyclic and aromatic amines in the etiology of breast cancer led us to examination of the lactoperoxidase-catalyzed activation of the most commonly studied arylamine carcinogens: 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]-pyridine (PhIP), benzidine, 4-aminobiphenyl (ABP), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx). In vitro activation was performed with lactoperoxidase (partially purified from bovine milk or human milk) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and calf thymus DNA. Products formed during enzymatic activation were monitored by HPLC with ultraviolet and radiometric detection. Two of these products were characterized as hydrazo and azo derivatives by means of mass spectrometry. The DNA binding level of super(3)H- and super(14)C-radiolabeled amines after peroxidase-catalyzed activation was dependent on the hydrogen peroxide concentration, and the highest levels of carcinogen binding to DNA were observed at 100 mu M H sub(2)O sub(2). Carcinogen activation and the level of binding to DNA were in the order of benzidine > ABP > IQ > MeIQx > PhIP. One of the ABP adducts was identified, and the level at which it is formed was estimated to be six adducts/10 super(5) nucleotides. The susceptibility of aromatic and heterocyclic amines for lactoperoxidase-catalyzed activation and the binding levels of activated products to DNA suggest a potential role of lactoperoxidase-catalyzed activation of carcinogens in the etiology of breast cancer. JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology AU - Gorlewska-Roberts, K M AU - Teitel, CH AU - Lay, JO Jr AU - Roberts, D W AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, HFT 100, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA Y1 - 2004/12/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 20 SP - 1659 EP - 1666 VL - 17 IS - 12 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Calf thymus KW - Heterocyclic amines KW - Etiology KW - Antimicrobial activity KW - Milk KW - Mammary gland KW - Adducts KW - Peroxidase KW - Carcinogens KW - Nucleotides KW - Spectrometry KW - amines KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - DNA KW - Breast cancer KW - Aromatics KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17742683?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Lactoperoxidase-Catalyzed+Activation+of+Carcinogenic+Aromatic+and+Heterocyclic+Amines&rft.au=Gorlewska-Roberts%2C+K+M%3BTeitel%2C+CH%3BLay%2C+JO+Jr%3BRoberts%2C+D+W%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Gorlewska-Roberts&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-12-20&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1659&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Ftx049787n LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Calf thymus; High-performance liquid chromatography; Heterocyclic amines; Antimicrobial activity; Etiology; Milk; Mammary gland; Peroxidase; Adducts; Carcinogens; Nucleotides; Spectrometry; amines; Hydrogen peroxide; DNA; Breast cancer; Aromatics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx049787n ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approval summary: Docetaxel in combination with prednisone for the treatment of androgen-independent hormone-refractory prostate cancer. AN - 67200059; 15623588 AB - Docetaxel, a taxane previously approved for the treatment of breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration on May 19, 2004 for use in combination with prednisone for the treatment of metastatic androgen-independent (hormone-refractory) prostate cancer. The purpose of this summary is to review the database supporting this approval. In a randomized, global study enrolling 1,006 patients, two schedules of docetaxel were compared with mitoxantrone + prednisone as follows: MTZ q 3w, mitoxantrone 12 mg/m2 every 21 days + prednisone 5 mg twice a day for a total of 10 cycles; TXT q 3w, docetaxel 75 mg/m2 every 21 days + prednisone 5 mg twice a day for a total of 10 cycles; and TXT qw, docetaxel 30 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 every 6 weeks + prednisone 5 mg twice a day for a total of 5 cycles. There was a statistically significant overall survival advantage shown for the TXT q 3w arm over MTZ q 3w (median survival 18.9 months versus 16.5 months, P = 0.0094). No overall survival advantage was shown for TXT qw compared with MTZ q 3w. The most commonly occurring adverse events included anemia, neutropenia, infection, nausea, sensory neuropathy, fluid retention, alopecia, nail changes, diarrhea, and fatigue. This report describes the Food and Drug Administration review supporting this first approval of a combination therapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer based on demonstration of a survival benefit. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Dagher, Ramzi AU - Li, Ning AU - Abraham, Sophia AU - Rahman, Atiqur AU - Sridhara, Raji AU - Pazdur, Richard AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. dagherr@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 15 SP - 8147 EP - 8151 VL - 10 IS - 24 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Taxoids KW - 0 KW - docetaxel KW - 15H5577CQD KW - Mitoxantrone KW - BZ114NVM5P KW - Prostate-Specific Antigen KW - EC 3.4.21.77 KW - Prednisone KW - VB0R961HZT KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Mitoxantrone -- administration & dosage KW - Aged KW - Taxoids -- administration & dosage KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Survival Rate KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Prostate-Specific Antigen -- metabolism KW - Adult KW - Adenocarcinoma -- secondary KW - Middle Aged KW - Adenocarcinoma -- drug therapy KW - Male KW - Prednisone -- administration & dosage KW - Drug Approval KW - Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent -- drug therapy KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67200059?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Approval+summary%3A+Docetaxel+in+combination+with+prednisone+for+the+treatment+of+androgen-independent+hormone-refractory+prostate+cancer.&rft.au=Dagher%2C+Ramzi%3BLi%2C+Ning%3BAbraham%2C+Sophia%3BRahman%2C+Atiqur%3BSridhara%2C+Raji%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Dagher&rft.aufirst=Ramzi&rft.date=2004-12-15&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=8147&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity: case studies. AN - 67154209; 15582646 AB - Experience with dose response and mechanisms of toxicity has shown that multiple mechanisms may exist for a single agent along the continuum of the full dose-response curve. It is highly likely that critical, limiting steps in any given mechanistic pathway may become overwhelmed with increasing exposures, signaling the emergence of new modalities of toxic tissue injury at these higher doses. Therefore, dose-dependent transitions in principal mechanisms of toxicity may occur, and could have significant impact on the interpretation of reference data sets for risk assessment. To illustrate the existence of dose-dependent transitions in mechanisms of toxicity, a group of academic, government, and industry scientists, formed under the leadership of the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI), developed a series of case studies. These case studies included acetaminophen, butadiene, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, manganese, methylene chloride, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), progesterone/hydroxyflutamide, propylene oxide, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, and zinc. The case studies formed the basis for technical discourse at two scientific workshops in 2003. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Slikker, William AU - Andersen, Melvin E AU - Bogdanffy, Matthew S AU - Bus, James S AU - Cohen, Steven D AU - Conolly, Rory B AU - David, Raymond M AU - Doerrer, Nancy G AU - Dorman, David C AU - Gaylor, David W AU - Hattis, Dale AU - Rogers, John M AU - Setzer, R Woodrow AU - Swenberg, James A AU - Wallace, Kendall AD - US FDA National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/12/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 15 SP - 226 EP - 294 VL - 201 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic KW - 0 KW - Androgen Antagonists KW - Butadienes KW - Dichloroethylenes KW - Epoxy Compounds KW - Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors KW - Vinyl Compounds KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - vinylidene chloride KW - 21SK105J9D KW - hydroxyflutamide KW - 31D90UKP5Y KW - Acetaminophen KW - 362O9ITL9D KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Methylene Chloride KW - 588X2YUY0A KW - Flutamide KW - 76W6J0943E KW - Ethylene Glycol KW - FC72KVT52F KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - vinyl acetate KW - L9MK238N77 KW - propylene oxide KW - Y4Y7NYD4BK KW - Index Medicus KW - Dichloroethylenes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Animals KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic -- pharmacokinetics KW - Humans KW - Zinc -- pharmacokinetics KW - Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors -- physiology KW - Formaldehyde -- administration & dosage KW - Progesterone -- administration & dosage KW - Dichloroethylenes -- administration & dosage KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Androgen Antagonists -- administration & dosage KW - Vinyl Compounds -- toxicity KW - Manganese -- administration & dosage KW - Progesterone -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ethylene Glycol -- toxicity KW - Methylene Chloride -- pharmacokinetics KW - Epoxy Compounds -- toxicity KW - Manganese -- pharmacokinetics KW - Formaldehyde -- toxicity KW - Acetaminophen -- toxicity KW - Acetaminophen -- administration & dosage KW - Zinc -- administration & dosage KW - Androgen Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Acetaminophen -- pharmacokinetics KW - Progesterone -- toxicity KW - Ethylene Glycol -- administration & dosage KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Zinc -- toxicity KW - Ethylene Glycol -- pharmacokinetics KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic -- administration & dosage KW - Manganese Poisoning -- metabolism KW - Butadienes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Dichloroethylenes -- toxicity KW - Epoxy Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Methylene Chloride -- toxicity KW - Butadienes -- toxicity KW - Androgen Antagonists -- pharmacokinetics KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic -- toxicity KW - Butadienes -- administration & dosage KW - Epoxy Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Methylene Chloride -- administration & dosage KW - Formaldehyde -- pharmacokinetics KW - Vinyl Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Vinyl Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Flutamide -- analogs & derivatives KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions -- chemically induced KW - Flutamide -- pharmacokinetics KW - Flutamide -- toxicity KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions -- metabolism KW - Flutamide -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67154209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+Mice+Deficient+in+the+MHC+Class+II+Transactivator+to+Infection+with+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis&rft.au=Repique%2C+C+J%3BLi%2C+A%3BBrickey%2C+W+J%3BTing%2C+J+P%3BCollins%2C+F+M%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Repique&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=03009475&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-3083.2003.01266.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanistic and epidemiologic considerations in the evaluation of adverse birth outcomes following gestational exposure to statins. AN - 67108086; 15546153 AB - The cholesterol-lowering "statin" drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy, but few data exist on their safety in human gestation. We reviewed case reports for patterns suggesting drug-related effects on prenatal development and considered a variety of mechanisms by which such effects, if confirmed, might occur. This uncontrolled case series included all FDA reports of statin exposures during gestation, as well as others from the literature and from manufacturers. Exposures and outcomes were reviewed and were tabulated by individual drug. Age-specific rates of exposure to each drug among women of child-bearing age were estimated. Of 214 ascertained pregnancy exposures, 70 evaluable reports remained after excluding uninformative cases. Among 31 adverse outcomes were 22 cases with structural defects, 4 cases of intrauterine growth restriction, and 5 cases of fetal demise. There were two principal categories of recurrent structural defects: cerivastatin and lovastatin were associated with four reports of severe midline CNS defects; simvastatin, lovastatin, and atorvastatin were all associated with reports of limb deficiencies, including two similar complex lower limb defects reported following simvastatin exposure. There were also two cases of VACTERL association among the limb deficiency cases. All adverse outcomes were reported following exposure to cerivastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, or atorvastatin, which are lipophilic and equilibrate between maternal and embryonic compartments. None were reported following exposure to pravastatin, which is minimally present in the embryo. Statins reaching the embryo may down-regulate biosynthesis of cholesterol as well as many important metabolic intermediates, and may have secondary effects on sterol-dependent morphogens such as Sonic Hedgehog. The reported cases display patterns consistent with dysfunction of cholesterol biosynthesis and Sonic Hedgehog activity. Controlled studies are needed to investigate the teratogenicity of individual drugs in this class. JF - American journal of medical genetics. Part A AU - Edison, Robin J AU - Muenke, Maximilian AD - Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3717, USA. Y1 - 2004/12/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 15 SP - 287 EP - 298 VL - 131 IS - 3 SN - 1552-4825, 1552-4825 KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Maternal Exposure KW - Pregnancy Outcome UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67108086?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+medical+genetics.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Mechanistic+and+epidemiologic+considerations+in+the+evaluation+of+adverse+birth+outcomes+following+gestational+exposure+to+statins.&rft.au=Edison%2C+Robin+J%3BMuenke%2C+Maximilian&rft.aulast=Edison&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2004-12-15&rft.volume=131&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=287&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+medical+genetics.+Part+A&rft.issn=15524825&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Med Genet A. 2005 Jun 1;135(2):230-1; author reply 232-4 [15810007] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metal-induced oxidative stress and signal transduction. AN - 67075082; 15544913 AB - Occupational and environmental exposures to metals are associated with the development of various cancers. Although carcinogenesis caused by metals has been intensively investigated, the mechanisms of action, especially at the molecular level, are still unclear. Accumulating evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species generated by metals may play an important role in the etiology of disease. This review covers recent advances in (1) metal-induced generation of reactive oxygen species; (2) the receptors, kinases, and nuclear transcription factors affected by metals and metal-induced oxidative stress, including growth factor receptors, src kinase, ras signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinases, the phosphoinositide 3-phosphate/Akt pathway, nuclear transcription factor kappaB, activator protein 1, p53, nuclear factor of activated T cells, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1; and (3) global cellular phenomena (signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis) associated with metal-induced ROS production and gene expression. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Harris, Gabriel K AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS/2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. SEL5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 15 SP - 1921 EP - 1942 VL - 37 IS - 12 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Metals KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Transcription Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Metals -- pharmacology KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Metals -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67075082?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Metal-induced+oxidative+stress+and+signal+transduction.&rft.au=Leonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BHarris%2C+Gabriel+K%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2004-12-15&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1921&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-11-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Glucose Tolerance and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Nulliparous Women Who Smoke during Pregnancy AN - 17821881; 6098034 AB - Gestational diabetes mellitus has been associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes, including preeclampsia and fetal macrosomia. Although cigarette smoking has been associated with increased insulin resistance, its effect on gestational diabetes mellitus risk is uncertain. The authors evaluated the effects of smoking on glucose tolerance in a cohort of pregnant women who participated in the Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention trial, a randomized study of nulliparous women conducted in five US medical centers from 1992 to 1995. Results of screening and diagnostic testing for gestational diabetes mellitus were analyzed. For 3,774 of the 4,589 women enrolled, plasma glucose concentration 1 hour after a 50-g oral glucose challenge and complete information on pregnancy outcome were available; for 3,602 of the women, gestational diabetes mellitus status was known. Adjusted mean 1-hour plasma glucose concentration (mg/dl) was elevated in women who smoked at study enrollment (112.6, 95% confidence interval: 110.0, 115.3) compared with women who had never smoked (108.3, 95% confidence interval: 106.7, 109.8; p < 0.01). Women who smoked were at increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus when criteria proposed by the National Diabetes Data Group were used (adjusted odds ratio = 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 3.6). These findings support an association between smoking and gestational diabetes mellitus. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - England, Lucinda J AU - Levine, Richard J AU - Qian, Cong AU - Soule, Lisa M AU - Schisterman, Enrique F AU - Yu, Kai F AU - Catalano, Patrick M AD - Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD. Y1 - 2004/12/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 15 SP - 1205 EP - 1213 PB - Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health VL - 160 IS - 12 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Diabetes mellitus KW - Calcium KW - Cigarette smoking KW - Pre-eclampsia KW - Glucose KW - Glucose tolerance KW - Insulin KW - Fetuses KW - Infants KW - Pregnancy KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17821881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Glucose+Tolerance+and+Risk+of+Gestational+Diabetes+Mellitus+in+Nulliparous+Women+Who+Smoke+during+Pregnancy&rft.au=England%2C+Lucinda+J%3BLevine%2C+Richard+J%3BQian%2C+Cong%3BSoule%2C+Lisa+M%3BSchisterman%2C+Enrique+F%3BYu%2C+Kai+F%3BCatalano%2C+Patrick+M&rft.aulast=England&rft.aufirst=Lucinda&rft.date=2004-12-15&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Diabetes mellitus; Glucose; Pre-eclampsia; Glucose tolerance; Pregnancy; Fetuses; Calcium; Cigarette smoking; Infants; Insulin ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on pulmonary metabolic activation of mutagenic agents AN - 17801581; 6155480 AB - Exposure of rats to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) or carbon black (CB) has been shown to induce time-dependent changes in CYP1A1and CYP2B1 in the lung. The present study evaluated the role of these metabolic enzymes on the pulmonary bioactivation of mutagens. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with saline (control), DEP or CB (35mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed at 1, 3, or 7 days post-exposure. Both control and exposed lung S9 increased the mutagenic activity of 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA), 2-aminofluorene (2-AF), 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), and the organic extract of DEP (DEPE) in Ames tests with Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 in a dose-dependent manner. Lung microsomes prepared form control or particle-exposed S9, but not cytosolic protein, activated 2-AA mutagenicity. Compared to saline controls, CB-exposed S9 was a less potent inducer of 2-AA mutagenicity at all time points, whereas DEP-exposed S9 was less potent than control saline at 3 and 7 days but not 1 day post-exposure. At 3 days post-exposure, DEP- or CB-exposed lung S9 did not significantly affect the mutagenicity of DEPE or 1-NP, when compared to the controls. The mutgenicity of 2-AA, 2-AF, 1-NP, and DEPE were significantly decreased in the presence of inhibitors for CYP1A1 ( alpha -naphthoflavone) or CYP2B (metyrapone), but markedly enhanced by CYP1A1 or CYP2B1 supersomes with all the cofactors, suggesting that both CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 were responsible for mutagen activation. These results demonstrated that exposure of rats to DEP or CB altered metabolic activity of lung S9 and S9 metabolic activity dependent mutagen activation. The bioactivation of mutagens are metabolic enzyme- and substrate-specific, and both CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 play important roles in pulmonary mutagen activation. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Zhao, H W AU - Barger, M W AU - Ma, JKH AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, JYC AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, jym1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12/12/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 12 SP - 103 EP - 113 VL - 564 IS - 2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - 2-Aminofluorene KW - Mutagens KW - alpha -Naphthoflavone KW - Microsomes KW - saline KW - 1-Nitropyrene KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - 2-Aminoanthracene KW - Ames test KW - Mutagenesis KW - Exhausts KW - Carbon KW - Cofactors KW - Body weight KW - Lung KW - Metabolic activation KW - Diesel KW - Cytochrome P450 KW - Mutation KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17801581?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Effects+of+exposure+to+diesel+exhaust+particles+%28DEP%29+on+pulmonary+metabolic+activation+of+mutagenic+agents&rft.au=Zhao%2C+H+W%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BMa%2C+JKH%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+JYC&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-12-12&rft.volume=564&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=103&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.mrgentox.2004.07.014 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 2-Aminofluorene; alpha -Naphthoflavone; Mutagens; Microsomes; saline; 1-Nitropyrene; Ames test; 2-Aminoanthracene; Exhausts; Mutagenesis; Cofactors; Carbon; Body weight; Lung; Metabolic activation; Diesel; Cytochrome P450; Mutation; Salmonella typhimurium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.07.014 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment and maintenance of records under the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002. Final rule. AN - 67164175; 15586951 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final regulation that requires the establishment and maintenance of records by persons who manufacture, process, pack, transport, distribute, receive, hold, or import food in the United States. Such records are to allow for the identification of the immediate previous sources and immediate subsequent recipients of food. The final rule implements the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002 (the Bioterrorism Act), and is necessary to help address credible threats of serious adverse health consequences or death to humans or animals. The requirement to establish and maintain records is one of several tools that will help improve FDA's ability to respond to, and further contain, threats of serious adverse health consequences or death to humans or animals from accidental or deliberate contamination of food. In the event of an outbreak of foodborne illness, such information will help FDA and other authorities determine the source and cause of the event. In addition, the information will improve FDA's ability to quickly notify the consumers and/or facilities that might be affected by the outbreak. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2004/12/09/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 09 SP - 71561 EP - 71655 VL - 69 IS - 236 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Security Measures -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Bioterrorism -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Public Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Forms and Records Control -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Industry -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Food Contamination -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67164175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Establishment+and+maintenance+of+records+under+the+Public+Health+Security+and+Bioterrorism+Preparedness+and+Response+Act+of+2002.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2004-12-09&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=236&rft.spage=71561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hematotoxicity in Workers Exposed to Low Levels of Benzene AN - 17707169; 6095137 AB - Benzene is known to have toxic effects on the blood and bone marrow, but its impact at levels below the U.S. occupational standard of 1 part per million (ppm) remains uncertain. In a study of 250 workers exposed to benzene, white blood cell and platelet counts were significantly lower than in 140 controls, even for exposure below 1 ppm in air. Progenitor cell colony formation significantly declined with increasing benzene exposure and was more sensitive to the effects of benzene than was the number of mature blood cells. Two genetic variants in key metabolizing enzymes, myeloperoxidase and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, influenced susceptibility to benzene hematotoxicity. Thus, hematotoxicity from exposure to benzene occurred at air levels of 1 ppm or less and may be particularly evident among genetically susceptible subpopulations. JF - Science (Washington) AU - Lan, Qing AU - Zhang, Luoping AU - Li, Guilan AU - Vermeulen, Roel AU - Weinberg, Rona S AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AU - Rappaport, Stephen M AU - Shen, Min AU - Alter, Blanche P AU - Wu, Yongji AU - Kopp, William AU - Waidyanatha, Suramya AU - Rabkin, Charles AU - Guo, Weihong AU - Chanock, Stephen AU - Hayes, Richard B AU - Linet, Martha AU - Kim, Sungkyoon AU - Yin, Songnian AU - Rothman, Nathaniel AU - Smith, Martyn T AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, martynts@berkeley.edu Y1 - 2004/12/03/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 03 SP - 1774 EP - 1776 PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW Washington DC 20005 USA, [mailto:membership@aaas.org], [URL:http://www.aaas.org] VL - 306 IS - 5702 SN - 0036-8075, 0036-8075 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase KW - Lymphocytes KW - Toxicity KW - benzene KW - Myeloperoxidase KW - Benzene KW - Blood KW - USA KW - Platelets KW - Hematology KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17707169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Hematotoxicity+in+Workers+Exposed+to+Low+Levels+of+Benzene&rft.au=Lan%2C+Qing%3BZhang%2C+Luoping%3BLi%2C+Guilan%3BVermeulen%2C+Roel%3BWeinberg%2C+Rona+S%3BDosemeci%2C+Mustafa%3BRappaport%2C+Stephen+M%3BShen%2C+Min%3BAlter%2C+Blanche+P%3BWu%2C+Yongji%3BKopp%2C+William%3BWaidyanatha%2C+Suramya%3BRabkin%2C+Charles%3BGuo%2C+Weihong%3BChanock%2C+Stephen%3BHayes%2C+Richard+B%3BLinet%2C+Martha%3BKim%2C+Sungkyoon%3BYin%2C+Songnian%3BRothman%2C+Nathaniel%3BSmith%2C+Martyn+T&rft.aulast=Lan&rft.aufirst=Qing&rft.date=2004-12-03&rft.volume=306&rft.issue=5702&rft.spage=1774&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Science+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00368075&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.1102443 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood; Platelets; NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase; Hematology; Toxicity; Lymphocytes; Myeloperoxidase; Benzene; Occupational exposure; benzene; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1102443 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute effects of adrenergic agents on post-defibrillation arrest time in a cultured heart model AN - 860375888; 14033846 AB - Possible drug interactions with electrical defibrillation were examined. We tested the hypothesis that adrenergic agents (epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol) and a calcium channel blocker (verapamil), when applied acutely, alter the duration of arrest following a defibrillator shock. A secondary hypothesis (based on observations) was that the drugs alter the occurrence of changes to normal rhythms following the shock. Dissociated heart cells from 10-day chicken embryos were cultured to form spherical aggregates and plated in petri dishes. In the experiments, the spheres were paced at 0.75 V/cm above contraction threshold, and a biphasic defibrillator shock was applied for 1ms at 46 V/cm. The arrest time and occurrence of rhythm changes were recorded. The adrenergic agents shortened the duration of arrest following a defibrillator shock, while the calcium channel blocker lengthened the arrest time. Comparisons with the control proportion of double beats showed no significant change with the adrenergic agents and a decrease with verapamil. JF - Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences AU - Krauthamer, V AU - Smith, T C AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, 12725 Twinbrook Parkway, Mail stop HFZ-130, Rockville, Maryland, 20852, USA, victor.krauthamer@hhs.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 3093 EP - 3099 PB - Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg), Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 61 IS - 24 SN - 1420-682X, 1420-682X KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Heart KW - Drug interaction KW - Acute effects KW - Verapamil KW - Shock KW - Defibrillators KW - Norepinephrine KW - Calcium channels KW - isoproterenol KW - Rhythms KW - Embryos KW - Epinephrine KW - X 24310:Pharmaceuticals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/860375888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cellular+and+Molecular+Life+Sciences&rft.atitle=Acute+effects+of+adrenergic+agents+on+post-defibrillation+arrest+time+in+a+cultured+heart+model&rft.au=Krauthamer%2C+V%3BSmith%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Krauthamer&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=3093&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cellular+and+Molecular+Life+Sciences&rft.issn=1420682X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00018-004-4372-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Acute effects; Heart; Drug interaction; Verapamil; Shock; Defibrillators; Norepinephrine; Calcium channels; isoproterenol; Embryos; Rhythms; Epinephrine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-004-4372-9 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gliomas and farm pesticide exposure in men: the upper midwest health study. AN - 67314176; 16789473 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health evaluated farm pesticide exposure and glioma risk in a study that included 457 glioma cases and 648 population-based controls, all adult men (18-80 yr old) and nonmetropolitan residents of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Multiple logistic regressions were used to control for farm residence, age, age group, education, and exposure to other pesticides. No associations were found between glioma and 12 specific pesticides. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and found reduced glioma risk for insecticides (OR = 0.53, CI = 0.37-0.77), fumigants (OR = 0.57, CI = 0.34-0.95), and organochlorines (OR = 0.66, CI = 0.47-0.94). In analyses excluding proxy respondents (47% of cases) most CIs included 1.0. No positive association of farm pesticide exposure and glioma was found. Other farm exposures may explain the excess brain cancer risk seen in previous studies. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Ruder, Avima M AU - Waters, Martha A AU - Butler, Mary Ann AU - Carreón, Tania AU - Calvert, Geoffrey M AU - Davis-King, Karen E AU - Schulte, Paul A AU - Sanderson, Wayne T AU - Ward, Elizabeth M AU - Connally, L Barbara AU - Heineman, Ellen F AU - Mandel, Jack S AU - Morton, Roscoe F AU - Reding, Douglas J AU - Rosenman, Kenneth D AU - Talaska, Glenn AU - Brain Cancer Collaborative Study Group AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. amr2@cdc.gov ; Brain Cancer Collaborative Study Group Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 650 EP - 657 VL - 59 IS - 12 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Risk Assessment KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Wisconsin -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Iowa -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Michigan -- epidemiology KW - Minnesota -- epidemiology KW - Glioma -- chemically induced KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Glioma -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67314176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Gliomas+and+farm+pesticide+exposure+in+men%3A+the+upper+midwest+health+study.&rft.au=Ruder%2C+Avima+M%3BWaters%2C+Martha+A%3BButler%2C+Mary+Ann%3BCarre%C3%B3n%2C+Tania%3BCalvert%2C+Geoffrey+M%3BDavis-King%2C+Karen+E%3BSchulte%2C+Paul+A%3BSanderson%2C+Wayne+T%3BWard%2C+Elizabeth+M%3BConnally%2C+L+Barbara%3BHeineman%2C+Ellen+F%3BMandel%2C+Jack+S%3BMorton%2C+Roscoe+F%3BReding%2C+Douglas+J%3BRosenman%2C+Kenneth+D%3BTalaska%2C+Glenn%3BBrain+Cancer+Collaborative+Study+Group&rft.aulast=Ruder&rft.aufirst=Avima&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=650&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-07-21 N1 - Date created - 2006-06-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: II. Construction of an adverse effects database for QSAR modeling. AN - 67297409; 16472241 AB - The FDA's Spontaneous Reporting System (SRS) database contains over 1.5 million adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports for 8620 drugs/biologics that are listed for 1191 Coding Symbols for Thesaurus of Adverse Reaction (COSTAR) terms of adverse effects. We have linked the trade names of the drugs to 1861 generic names and retrieved molecular structures for each chemical to obtain a set of 1515 organic chemicals that are suitable for modeling with commercially available QSAR software packages. ADR report data for 631 of these compounds were extracted and pooled for the first five years that each drug was marketed. Patient exposure was estimated during this period using pharmaceutical shipping units obtained from IMS Health. Significant drug effects were identified using a Reporting Index (RI), where RI = (# ADR reports / # shipping units) x 1,000,000. MCASE/MC4PC software was used to identify the optimal conditions for defining a significant adverse effect finding. Results suggest that a significant effect in our database is characterized by > or = 4 ADR reports and > or = 20,000 shipping units during five years of marketing, and an RI > or = 4.0. Furthermore, for a test chemical to be evaluated as active it must contain a statistically significant molecular structural alert, called a decision alert, in two or more toxicologically related endpoints. We also report the use of a composite module, which pools observations from two or more toxicologically related COSTAR term endpoints to provide signal enhancement for detecting adverse effects. JF - Current drug discovery technologies AU - Matthews, Edwin J AU - Kruhlak, Naomi L AU - Weaver, James L AU - Benz, R Daniel AU - Contrera, Joseph F AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane (HFD-901), Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. matthewse@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 243 EP - 254 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1570-1638, 1570-1638 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Software KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Endpoint Determination KW - Models, Molecular KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Computers KW - Drug Prescriptions -- statistics & numerical data KW - Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Databases, Factual UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67297409?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+drug+discovery+technologies&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+health+effects+of+chemicals+in+humans%3A+II.+Construction+of+an+adverse+effects+database+for+QSAR+modeling.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+Edwin+J%3BKruhlak%2C+Naomi+L%3BWeaver%2C+James+L%3BBenz%2C+R+Daniel%3BContrera%2C+Joseph+F&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+drug+discovery+technologies&rft.issn=15701638&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-03-23 N1 - Date created - 2006-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of a directional spray system design to control respirable dust and face gas concentrations around a continuous mining machine. AN - 67263966; 15742710 AB - A laboratory study assessed the impacts of water spray pressure, face ventilation quantity, and line brattice setback distance on respirable dust and SF6 tracer gas concentrations around a continuous mining machine using a sprayfan or directional spray system. Dust levels were measured at locations representing the mining machine operator and the standard and off-standard shuttle car operators, and in the return airway. The results showed that changes in all three independent variables significantly affected log-transformed dust levels at the three operator sampling locations. Changes in setback distance impacted return airway dust levels. Laboratory testing also identified numerous variable interactions affecting dust levels. Tracer gas levels were measured on the left and right sides of the cutting drum and in the return. Untransformed gas levels around the cutting drum were significantly affected by changes in water pressure, face ventilation quantity, and setback distance. Only a few interactions were identified that significantly affected these concentrations. Gas levels in the return airway were grouped by face ventilation quantity. Return gas levels measured at the low curtain quantity were generally unaffected by changes in water pressure or curtain setback distance. At the high curtain quantity, return airway gas levels were affected by curtain setback distance. A field study was conducted to assess the impact of these parameters in an actual mining operation. These data showed that respirable dust levels may have been impacted by a change in water pressure and, to a lesser extent, by an increase in curtain setback distance. A series of tracer gas pulse tests were also conducted during this study. The results showed that effectiveness of the face ventilation was impacted by changes in curtain flow quantity and setback distance. Laboratory testing supported similar conclusions. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Goodman, Gerrit V R AU - Pollock, Douglas E AD - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, USA. gcg8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 806 EP - 815 VL - 1 IS - 12 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Caustics KW - 0 KW - Ethylamines KW - Propylamines KW - Sodium Hydroxide KW - 55X04QC32I KW - diisopropylamine KW - BR9JLI40NO KW - triethylamine KW - VOU728O6AY KW - Index Medicus KW - Permeability KW - Caustics -- chemistry KW - Equipment Design KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Temperature KW - Ethylamines -- chemistry KW - Colorimetry KW - Materials Testing KW - Sodium Hydroxide -- chemistry KW - Propylamines -- chemistry KW - Occupational Health KW - Gloves, Protective -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67263966?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Use+of+a+directional+spray+system+design+to+control+respirable+dust+and+face+gas+concentrations+around+a+continuous+mining+machine.&rft.au=Goodman%2C+Gerrit+V+R%3BPollock%2C+Douglas+E&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Gerrit+V&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proceedings of the workshop on food-consumption surveys in developing countries: general approaches to estimation of dietary exposure to contaminants. AN - 67232814; 15646319 AB - The initial steps in estimating dietary exposure to contaminants include gathering the necessary expertise, clarifying the intent and purpose of the work, selecting a dietary exposure model, and gathering available pertinent information. Expertise is generally needed in chemistry, agriculture, toxicology, statistics, nutritional epidemiology, and computer software development. The goal might be to determine the average exposure of a population to contaminants, to identify demographic groups within a population that are especially vulnerable to a contaminant, to evaluate the regulation of agricultural and food-manufacturing practices, or to determine compliance with standards for local and/or imported foods. Examples of dietary exposure models include the core food model, directed core food model, large database model, raw agricultural commodity (RAC) model, regional diet model, duplicate diet model, and total diet composite model. Each model has advantages and disadvantages and different costs and resource requirements. Consideration of the sources and flow of selected contaminants though the food supply may help identify the best exposure model to use. Pertinent information that may already be available includes analytical data on contaminants in foods or commodities, government regulations pertaining to the levels of contaminants in foods, food-consumption data, data on the average body weights of age-gender groups (to express exposure on a body weight basis), and biochemical measures of contaminants or their residues/metabolites. Collecting available information helps to clearly define what critical information is missing so that the planned research can be most effective. Careful documentation of decisions and assumptions allows for recalculating exposure estimates with the same model using different decisions and assumptions; documentation also allows others to understand what was done and how to use the resulting intake estimates properly. Clearly identifying the limitations of the exposure model may provide justification for additional resources to further refine and improve the model. JF - Food and nutrition bulletin AU - Pennington, Jean AD - Division of Nutrition Research Coordination, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. jean.pennington@nih.hhs.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 420 EP - 427 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0379-5721, 0379-5721 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Humans KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Risk Assessment KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Environmental Exposure -- analysis KW - Developing Countries KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67232814?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+nutrition+bulletin&rft.atitle=Proceedings+of+the+workshop+on+food-consumption+surveys+in+developing+countries%3A+general+approaches+to+estimation+of+dietary+exposure+to+contaminants.&rft.au=Pennington%2C+Jean&rft.aulast=Pennington&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=420&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+nutrition+bulletin&rft.issn=03795721&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-21 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanism of antifertility in male rats treated with 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD). AN - 67185342; 15513898 AB - 3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is a food contaminant that is often found in foods containing acid-hydrolyzed (AH) protein, like seasonings and savory food products. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of 3-MCPD on male fertility, sperm, and hormonal levels and its antifertility mechanism. In vivo male fertility testing was performed to observe the adverse effects of 3-MCPD on the functioning of the male reproductive system and pregnancy outcome. 3-MCPD (0.01-5 mg/kg) was administered daily by gavage to Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats for 4 wk. At the end of the pretreatment period, male rats were mated overnight with untreated females. Males successfully inducing pregnancy were sacrificed to assess sperm parameters, reproductive organ histopathology, and spermatogenesis. The resulting pregnant females were sacrificed on 20 of gestation to evaluate pregnancy outcome. The paternal administration of 3-MCPD (5 mg/kg) was found to result in adverse effects on male fertility and pregnancy outcome without inducing remarkable histopathological changes in testes and epididymides. Additionally, 3-MCPD (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced sperm motility, copulation, fertility indices, and the number of live fetuses showed steep dose-response curves. 3-MCPD did not affect spermatogenesis or induce hormonal changes in the blood and testes of male rats. An in vitro hormone assay using primary isolated Leydig cells showed no significant changes in related hormone levels after 3-MCPD treatment. To evaluate the effects of 3-MCPD on apoptotic induction and H+-ATPase levels in the testis and epididymis, 10 or 100 mg/kg of 3-MCPD was administered by gavage to male rats and testes and epididymides were examined at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h later. Apoptosis was not detected in the testes of animals treated with 100 mg/kg 3-MCPD. However, the level of H+-ATPase in the cauda epididymis was reduced by 3-MCPD treatment. These results indicate that 3-MCPD induced a spermatotoxic effect, which was mediated by reduced H+-ATPase expression in the cauda epididymis, and suggest that an altered pH level in the cauda epididymis might lead to a disruption of sperm maturation and the acquisition of motility. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Kwack, Seung Jun AU - Kim, Soon Sun AU - Choi, Yo Woo AU - Rhee, Gyu Seek AU - Da Lee, Rhee AU - Seok, Ji Hyun AU - Chae, Soo Yeong AU - Won, Yong Hyuck AU - Lim, Kwon Jo AU - Choi, Kwang Sik AU - Park, Kui Lea AU - Lee, Byung Mu AD - Department of Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 2001 EP - 2011 VL - 67 IS - 23-24 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - alpha-Chlorohydrin KW - 96-24-2 KW - Glycerol KW - PDC6A3C0OX KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Testis -- pathology KW - Sperm Motility -- drug effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Sperm Maturation KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Testis -- cytology KW - Glycerol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Infertility, Male -- chemically induced KW - Glycerol -- toxicity KW - Glycerol -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67185342?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+antifertility+in+male+rats+treated+with+3-monochloro-1%2C2-propanediol+%283-MCPD%29.&rft.au=Kwack%2C+Seung+Jun%3BKim%2C+Soon+Sun%3BChoi%2C+Yo+Woo%3BRhee%2C+Gyu+Seek%3BDa+Lee%2C+Rhee%3BSeok%2C+Ji+Hyun%3BChae%2C+Soo+Yeong%3BWon%2C+Yong+Hyuck%3BLim%2C+Kwon+Jo%3BChoi%2C+Kwang+Sik%3BPark%2C+Kui+Lea%3BLee%2C+Byung+Mu&rft.aulast=Kwack&rft.aufirst=Seung&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=23-24&rft.spage=2001&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disease and illness in U.S. mining, 1983-2001. AN - 67180147; 15591979 AB - We describe inconsistencies in disease and illness reporting in U.S. mining, identify under-reporting of disease and illness in U.S. mining, and summarize selected disease and illness in U.S. mining from 1983 through 2001. We summarized information on mining-related disease and illness data for the years 1983-2001 from the Mining Safety and Health Administration database (MSHA). Discrepancies exist in types of information collected by the Centers for Disease and Control, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and the Mining Safety and Health Administration database. Several factors, including a worker's fear of losing his or her job, health insurance, or other job-related benefits contribute to under-reporting of disease and illness information in the US mining industry. Since 1997, both number of workers employed in mining and disease and illness rates have decreased; however, the highest disease and illness rates in mining continue to be coal worker's pneumoconiosis and hearing loss. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Scott, Douglas F AU - Grayson, R Larry AU - Metz, Edward A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane Research Laboratory, Mining Injury and Disease Prevention Branch, 315 E. Montgomery Avenue, Spokane, WA 99207, USA. dus3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 1272 EP - 1277 VL - 46 IS - 12 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - 0 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Asbestos -- analysis KW - Welding -- statistics & numerical data KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Coal Mining -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - Sick Leave -- statistics & numerical data KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Skin Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis KW - Population Surveillance KW - Noise, Occupational KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mining -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67180147?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Disease+and+illness+in+U.S.+mining%2C+1983-2001.&rft.au=Scott%2C+Douglas+F%3BGrayson%2C+R+Larry%3BMetz%2C+Edward+A&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-05 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution kinetics of targeted cytotoxin in glioma by bolus or convection-enhanced delivery in a murine model. AN - 67173238; 15597761 AB - Interleukin-13 receptor (IL-13R)-targeted cytotoxin (IL-13-PE38) displays a potent antitumor activity against a variety of human tumors including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and, thus, this agent is being tested in the clinical trial for the treatment of recurrent GBM. In this study, the authors determined the safety and distribution kinetics of IL-13 cytotoxin when infused intracranially by a bolus injection and by convection-enhanced delivery (CED) in an athymic nude mouse model of GBM. For the safety studies, athymic nude mice were given intracranial infusions of IL-13 cytotoxin into normal parenchyma by either a bolus injection or a 7-day-long CED. Toxicity was assessed by performing a histological examination of the mouse brains. For the drug distribution studies, nude mice with intracranially implanted U251 GBM tumors were given an intratumor bolus or a CED infusion of IL-13 cytotoxin. Brain tumor samples obtained between 0.25 and 72 hours after the infusion were assessed for drug distribution kinetics by performing immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses. Based on the histological changes in the tumor and brain, the maximum tolerated dose of intracranial IL-13 cytotoxin infusion in nude mice was determined to be 4 microg when delivered by a bolus injection and 10 microg when CED was used. Drug distribution reached the maximum level 1 hour after the bolus injection and the volume of distribution was determined to be 19.3 +/- 5.8 mm3. Interleukin-13 cytotoxin was barely detectable 6 hours after the injection. Interestingly, when delivered by bolus injections IL-13 cytotoxin exhibited superior distribution in larger rather than smaller tumors. Convection-enhanced delivery was superior for drug distribution in the U251 tumors because when CED was used the drug remained in the tumors 6 hours after the infusion. These studies provide confirmation of a previous hypothesis that CED of IL-13 cytotoxin is superior to bolus injections not only for the safety of the normal brain but also for maintaining drug levels for a prolonged period in infused brain tumors. These findings are highly relevant and important for the optimal clinical development of IL-13 cytotoxin or any other targeted antitumor agent for GBM therapy, in which multiple routes of delivery of an agent are being contemplated. JF - Journal of neurosurgery AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Kioi, Mitomu AU - Husain, Syed R AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 1004 EP - 1011 VL - 101 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3085, 0022-3085 KW - IL13RA1 protein, human KW - 0 KW - Il13ra1 protein, mouse KW - Interleukin-13 KW - Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit KW - Receptors, Interleukin KW - Receptors, Interleukin-13 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Convection KW - Animals KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Mice, Nude KW - Mice KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Microinjections KW - Drug Delivery Systems KW - Brain Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Brain Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Interleukin-13 -- pharmacokinetics KW - Glioblastoma -- pathology KW - Glioblastoma -- drug therapy KW - Interleukin-13 -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67173238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neurosurgery&rft.atitle=Distribution+kinetics+of+targeted+cytotoxin+in+glioma+by+bolus+or+convection-enhanced+delivery+in+a+murine+model.&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+Koji%3BKawakami%2C+Mariko%3BKioi%2C+Mitomu%3BHusain%2C+Syed+R%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=Koji&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1004&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neurosurgery&rft.issn=00223085&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Retrospective case series of suspected intentional paraquat poisonings: diagnostic findings and risk factors for death. AN - 67162280; 15587247 AB - We investigated a cluster of canine poisonings around the 4th of July weekend in 2003 in dogs that visited a local park. Medical records review and personal interviews were performed on 17 suspect cases; 14 dogs met the case definition criteria. The 13/14 dogs were allowed off-leash at some point during their visit to the park; 7 owners noted their dog had either eaten something at the park or vomited up meat-like material within 1 h after their walk. Eleven of the 14 dogs died or were euthanized. Urine samples from 4 dogs were positive for trace amounts of paraquat and 1 vomitus sample tested positive. Tachypnea was a significant risk factor for death of the dogs. Oral or gastrointestinal ulcers were significantly correlated with recovery. JF - Veterinary and human toxicology AU - Shuler, Carrie M AU - DeBess, Emilio E AU - Scott, Marilyn AU - Stone, David AD - Oregon Department of Health and Human Services, 800 NE Oregon Street, Suite 772, Portland, Oregon 97232, USA. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 313 EP - 314 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0145-6296, 0145-6296 KW - Herbicides KW - 0 KW - Paraquat KW - PLG39H7695 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Dogs KW - Records as Topic -- veterinary KW - Poisoning -- veterinary KW - Oregon -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Paraquat -- poisoning KW - Dog Diseases -- mortality KW - Herbicides -- poisoning KW - Dog Diseases -- pathology KW - Dog Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Dog Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67162280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.atitle=Retrospective+case+series+of+suspected+intentional+paraquat+poisonings%3A+diagnostic+findings+and+risk+factors+for+death.&rft.au=Shuler%2C+Carrie+M%3BDeBess%2C+Emilio+E%3BScott%2C+Marilyn%3BStone%2C+David&rft.aulast=Shuler&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+and+human+toxicology&rft.issn=01456296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prenatal DDT exposure in relation to anthropometric and pubertal measures in adolescent males. AN - 67161937; 15579424 AB - DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), a pesticide once used widely in agriculture and now limited to public health use, remains a controversial chemical because of a combination of benefits and risks. DDT or its breakdown products are ubiquitous in the environment and in humans. Compounds in the DDT family have endocrine actions and have been associated with reproductive toxicity. A previous study reported associations between prenatal exposure to p,p -DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene] and increased height and weight in adolescent boys. We examined a group with higher exposures to see whether similar associations would occur. Our study group was 304 males born in Philadelphia in the early 1960s who had participated in a previous study. Anthropometric and pubertal measures from one to six visits during their adolescent years were available, as were stored maternal serum samples from pregnancy. We measured p,p -DDE, p,p -DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane], and o,p -DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane] in the maternal serum. Outcomes examined in the boys were height, ratio of sitting height to height, body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness, ratio of subscapular to the sum of triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses, skeletal age, serum testosterone, and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. No associations between prenatal exposure to any of the DDT compounds and any outcome measure were seen. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Gladen, Beth C AU - Klebanoff, Mark A AU - Hediger, Mary L AU - Katz, Solomon H AU - Barr, Dana B AU - Davis, Mark D AU - Longnecker, Matthew P AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 1761 EP - 1767 VL - 112 IS - 17 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - DDT KW - CIW5S16655 KW - Index Medicus KW - Anthropometry KW - Body Height KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Body Mass Index KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - DDT -- poisoning KW - Puberty KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67161937?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+universal+pre-enrichment+broth+for+recovery+of+Salmonella+from+selected+dairy+foods.&rft.au=Hammack%2C+Thomas+S%3BAmagua%C3%B1a%2C+R+Miguel%3BJohnson%2C+Mildred+L%3BAndrews%2C+Wallace+H&rft.aulast=Hammack&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Jan;111(1):65-70 [12515680] Steroids. 1970 Oct;16(4):415-28 [5533947] Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2003;16(1):7-20 [12705713] Pediatrics. 2003 May;111(5 Pt 1):e580-5 [12728113] Ann Epidemiol. 2003 May;13(5):303-11 [12821268] Mol Pharmacol. 2003 Aug;64(2):474-81 [12869653] J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Aug 25;794(1):137-48 [12888206] Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003 Sep;57(9):1045-51 [12947421] Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2003 Aug;206(4-5):423-35 [12971698] Vital Health Stat 11. 1978 Oct;(167):1-98 [214960] Vital Health Stat 23. 1979 Nov;(3):1-39 [524755] Hypertension. 1980 Jul-Aug;2(4 Pt 2):55-69 [7399646] Child Care Health Dev. 1980 Jul;6(4):233-49 [7408115] Am J Public Health. 1986 Feb;76(2):172-7 [3080910] Am J Phys Anthropol. 1986 Dec;71(4):459-66 [2949623] Am J Public Health. 1987 Oct;77(10):1294-7 [3115123] J Pediatr. 1988 Dec;113(6):991-5 [3142988] Neuropsychopharmacology. 1988 Sep;1(3):205-12 [2908019] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989 Jul-Aug;18(4):495-500 [2505694] Am J Public Health. 1989 Oct;79(10):1401-4 [2551196] Am J Public Health. 1995 Apr;85(4):504-8 [7702113] Toxicol Sci. 1998 Oct;45(2):162-73 [9848123] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999 Jan 1;154(1):28-39 [9882589] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Mar;108(3):205-11 [10706525] J Pediatr. 2000 Apr;136(4):490-6 [10753247] Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Aug;72(2):378-83 [10919930] Soc Sci Med. 1968 Sep;2(3):283-99 [5760819] Vital Health Stat 11. 1973 Aug;11:1-34 [4542725] Pediatrics. 1974 May;53(5):737-41 [4826730] Vital Health Stat 11. 1974 Dec;(143):1-66 [4549147] CRC Crit Rev Toxicol. 1975 Oct;4(1):83-124 [172280] Vital Health Stat 11. 1975 Oct;(149):1-81 [174300] Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Jan 1;153(1):53-63 [11159147] Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2000 Oct;10(5):304-9 [11194541] Arch Environ Health. 2001 Mar-Apr;56(2):138-43 [11339677] Epidemiology. 2001 May;12(3):366-7 [11338320] Hum Reprod Update. 2001 May-Jun;7(3):248-64 [11392371] Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2001 Jun 10;178(1-2):207-14 [11403911] Lancet. 2001 Jul 14;358(9276):110-4 [11463412] Pediatr Res. 2001 Sep;50(3):331-6 [11518819] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Dec;109(12):1275-83 [11748036] J Pediatr. 2002 Jan;140(1):33-9 [11815761] Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Feb 15;155(4):313-22 [11836195] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Feb;110(2):125-8 [11836138] Int J Epidemiol. 2002 Apr;31(2):413-9 [11980805] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Jun;110(6):583-9 [12055049] Epidemiology. 2002 Jul;13(4):454-8 [12094101] JAMA. 2002 Oct 9;288(14):1728-32 [12365956] Pediatr Res. 2002 Dec;52(6):863-7 [12438662] Arch Environ Health. 1999 Mar-Apr;54(2):110-4 [10094288] Int J Epidemiol. 1999 Apr;28(2):179-88 [10342677] Salud Publica Mex. 2003 Nov-Dec;45(6):431-8 [14974286] Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Apr;112(5):542-7 [15064158] Lancet. 2004 Apr 24;363(9418):1376 [15114996] Anal Chem. 2003 Jan 1;75(1):71-7 [12530820] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The sources of inflammatory mediators in the lung after silica exposure. AN - 67161307; 15579413 AB - The expression of 10 genes implicated in regulation of the inflammatory processes in the lung was studied after exposure of alveolar macrophages (AMs) to silica in vitro or in vivo. Exposure of AMs to silica in vitro up-regulated the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of three genes [interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2)] without a concomitant increase in the protein levels. AMs isolated after intratracheal instillation of silica up-regulated mRNA levels of four additional genes [granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-1beta, IL-10, and inducible nitric oxide synthase]. IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-2 protein levels were elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Fibroblasts under basal culture conditions express much higher levels of IL-6 and GM-CSF compared with AMs. Coculture of AMs and alveolar type II cells, or coculture of AMs and lung fibroblasts, in contact cultures or Transwell chambers, revealed no synergistic effect. Therefore, such interaction does not explain the effects seen in vivo. Identification of the intercellular communication in vivo is still unresolved. However, fibroblasts appear to be an important source of inflammatory mediators in the lung. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Rao, K Murali Krishna AU - Porter, Dale W AU - Meighan, Terence AU - Castranova, Vince AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. mir8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 1679 EP - 1686 VL - 112 IS - 17 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Macrophages, Alveolar KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Up-Regulation KW - RNA, Messenger -- biosynthesis KW - Fibroblasts -- physiology KW - Lung -- immunology KW - Inflammation -- physiopathology KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Lung -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67161307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=The+sources+of+inflammatory+mediators+in+the+lung+after+silica+exposure.&rft.au=Rao%2C+K+Murali+Krishna%3BPorter%2C+Dale+W%3BMeighan%2C+Terence%3BCastranova%2C+Vince&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=K+Murali&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=1679&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2003 Feb;23(2):57-65 [12744771] Microcirculation. 2003 Jun;10(3-4):273-88 [12851645] Am J Nephrol. 2003 Jul-Aug;23(4):208-13 [12771503] Toxicology. 1979 May;13(1):51-72 [229587] J Exp Med. 1982 Sep 1;156(3):912-7 [6809882] J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1982 Jul;53(1):258-66 [7118639] Exp Lung Res. 1984;6(1):27-45 [6734541] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Dec;138(6):1589-94 [2849351] Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 May;139(5):1257-64 [2540688] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1990 Jan;2(1):59-68 [2407273] Nature. 1990 Mar 15;344(6263):245-7 [2156165] Immunol Today. 1990 Mar;11(3):97-101 [2186747] Annu Rev Immunol. 1990;8:253-78 [2188664] Am J Physiol. 1991 Jun;260(6 Pt 1):L530-8 [1647680] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1991 Nov;5(5):431-6 [1657062] Immunology. 1992 Jan;75(1):189-95 [1537596] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1992 Feb;6(2):235-43 [1540387] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1993 Mar;8(3):311-8 [8383510] Am J Pathol. 1993 Jun;142(6):1831-40 [8389528] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1994 Feb;10(2):148-53 [8110470] Am J Physiol. 1994 Feb;266(2 Pt 1):L148-55 [8141310] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1994 Sep;11(3):304-11 [7522015] Science. 1995 Feb 10;267(5199):776-7 [7710525] Exp Lung Res. 1994 Nov-Dec;20(6):473-90 [7882902] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Dec;102 Suppl 10:149-54 [7705289] J Immunol. 1996 Feb 15;156(4):1540-8 [8568258] J Leukoc Biol. 1996 Apr;59(4):481-8 [8613693] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1995;21 Suppl 2:30-4 [8929685] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1996 Dec 27;49(6):599-617 [8977627] Am J Physiol. 1997 Aug;273(2 Pt 1):L339-46 [9277445] Physiol Rev. 1997 Oct;77(4):931-62 [9354809] J Immunol. 1997 Oct 15;159(8):3921-8 [9378980] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1998 Jan;18(1):51-9 [9448045] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1998 Nov 13;55(5):359-71 [9829559] Mol Cell Biochem. 1999 Sep;199(1-2):93-102 [10544957] Mol Cell Biochem. 1999 Oct;200(1-2):119-25 [10569191] Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000 Mar;278(3):L572-9 [10710530] Inflammation. 2000 Apr;24(2):115-25 [10718114] Toxicol Lett. 2000 Mar 15;112-113:177-83 [10720729] Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2000 May;22(5):582-9 [10783130] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Oct;106 Suppl 5:1165-9 [9788892] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Oct;106 Suppl 5:1171-4 [9788893] Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000 Sep;279(3):L487-95 [10956623] J Investig Med. 2001 Mar;49(2):146-56 [11288755] Sci Total Environ. 2001 Apr 10;270(1-3):135-9 [11327386] Hum Exp Toxicol. 2001 Jan;20(1):46-55 [11339625] Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Jun;44(6):1382-6 [11407698] Toxicol Sci. 1998 Dec;46(2):300-7 [10048133] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1999 Aug 1;158(3):211-20 [10438654] J Immunol. 1961 Feb;86:133-6 [13727274] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1995;21 Suppl 2:22-6 [8929683] J Clin Invest. 2001 Jun;107(12):1537-44 [11413161] J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2001;20 Suppl 1:1-14 [11570667] Annu Rev Physiol. 2002;64:775-802 [11826288] Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2002 May;282(5):L968-75 [11943661] Eur Respir J. 2002 Apr;19(4):672-83 [11998997] Inhal Toxicol. 2002 Apr;14(4):349-67 [12028809] Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2003 Feb;284(2):L342-9 [12388376] Occup Environ Med. 2003 Apr;60(4):237-43 [12660371] J Biosci. 2003 Feb;28(1):29-37 [12682422] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1998 Jan 9;53(1):29-46 [9447227] J Immunol. 1998 Mar 15;160(6):2959-66 [9510200] J Lab Clin Med. 1998 May;131(5):417-24 [9605106] Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Oct;18(10):5678-89 [9742085] Mediators Inflamm. 1998;7(4):269-74 [9792337] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vitamin D fortification in the United States and Canada: current status and data needs. AN - 67156237; 15585792 AB - Most circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D originates from exposure to sunlight; nevertheless, many factors can impair this process, necessitating periodic reliance on dietary sources to maintain adequate serum concentrations. The US and Canadian populations are largely dependent on fortified foods and dietary supplements to meet these needs, because foods naturally rich in vitamin D are limited. Fluid milk and breakfast cereals are the predominant vehicles for vitamin D in the United States, whereas Canada fortifies fluid milk and margarine. Reports of a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and its association with increased risks of chronic diseases have raised concerns regarding the adequacy of current intake levels and the safest and most effective way to increase vitamin D intake in the general population and in vulnerable groups. The usual daily intakes of vitamin D from food alone and from food and supplements combined, as estimated from the US third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, show median values above the adequate intake of 5 microg/d for children 6-11 y of age; however, median intakes are generally below the adequate intake for female subjects > 12 y of age and men > 50 y. In Canada, there are no national survey data for estimation of intake. Cross-sectional studies suggest that current US/Canadian fortification practices are not effective in preventing hypovitaminosis D, particularly among vulnerable populations during the winter, whereas supplement use shows more promise. Recent prospective intervention studies with higher vitamin D concentrations provided evidence of safety and efficacy for fortification of specific foods and use of supplements. JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition AU - Calvo, Mona S AU - Whiting, Susan J AU - Barton, Curtis N AD - Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20910, USA. mona.calvo@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 1710S EP - 6S VL - 80 IS - 6 Suppl SN - 0002-9165, 0002-9165 KW - Vitamin D KW - 1406-16-2 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Child KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Food Labeling KW - Nutritional Requirements KW - Canada KW - Adult KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Sunlight KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Food, Fortified KW - Vitamin D -- adverse effects KW - Vitamin D -- administration & dosage KW - Diet KW - Vitamin D Deficiency -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67156237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.atitle=Vitamin+D+fortification+in+the+United+States+and+Canada%3A+current+status+and+data+needs.&rft.au=Calvo%2C+Mona+S%3BWhiting%2C+Susan+J%3BBarton%2C+Curtis+N&rft.aulast=Calvo&rft.aufirst=Mona&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=6+Suppl&rft.spage=1710S&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+clinical+nutrition&rft.issn=00029165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Incidence of hospitalized rhabdomyolysis in patients treated with lipid-lowering drugs. AN - 67130399; 15572716 AB - Lipid-lowering agents are widely prescribed in the United States. Reliable estimates of rhabdomyolysis risk with various lipid-lowering agents are not available. To estimate the incidence of rhabdomyolysis in patients treated with different statins and fibrates, alone and in combination, in the ambulatory setting. Drug-specific inception cohorts of statin and fibrate users were established using claims data from 11 managed care health plans across the United States. Patients with at least 180 days of prior health plan enrollment were entered into the cohorts between January 1, 1998, and June 30, 2001. Person-time was classified as monotherapy or combined statin-fibrate therapy. Incidence rates of rhabdomyolysis per 10,000 person-years of treatment, number needed to treat, and relative risk of rhabdomyolysis. In 252,460 patients treated with lipid-lowering agents, 24 cases of hospitalized rhabdomyolysis occurred during treatment. Average incidence per 10,000 person-years for monotherapy with atorvastatin, pravastatin, or simvastatin was 0.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.84); for cerivastatin, 5.34 (95% CI, 1.46-13.68); and for fibrate, 2.82 (95% CI, 0.58-8.24). By comparison, the incidence during unexposed person-time was 0 (95% CI, 0-0.48; P = .056). The incidence increased to 5.98 (95% CI, 0.72-216.0) for combined therapy of atorvastatin, pravastatin, or simvastatin with a fibrate, and to 1035 (95% CI, 389-2117) for combined cerivastatin-fibrate use. Per year of therapy, the number needed to treat to observe 1 case of rhabdomyolysis was 22,727 for statin monotherapy, 484 for older patients with diabetes mellitus who were treated with both a statin and fibrate, and ranged from 9.7 to 12.7 for patients who were treated with cerivastatin plus fibrate. Rhabdomyolysis risk was similar and low for monotherapy with atorvastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin; combined statin-fibrate use increased risk, especially in older patients with diabetes mellitus. Cerivastatin combined with fibrate conferred a risk of approximately 1 in 10 treated patients per year. JF - JAMA AU - Graham, David J AU - Staffa, Judy A AU - Shatin, Deborah AU - Andrade, Susan E AU - Schech, Stephanie D AU - La Grenade, Lois AU - Gurwitz, Jerry H AU - Chan, K Arnold AU - Goodman, Michael J AU - Platt, Richard AD - Office of of Drug Safety, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md 20857, USA. grahamd@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 01 SP - 2585 EP - 2590 VL - 292 IS - 21 KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Hypolipidemic Agents KW - Clofibric Acid KW - 53PF01Q249 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Risk KW - Hospitalization KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Rhabdomyolysis -- epidemiology KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Clofibric Acid -- adverse effects KW - Rhabdomyolysis -- chemically induced KW - Clofibric Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Hypolipidemic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67130399?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Incidence+of+hospitalized+rhabdomyolysis+in+patients+treated+with+lipid-lowering+drugs.&rft.au=Graham%2C+David+J%3BStaffa%2C+Judy+A%3BShatin%2C+Deborah%3BAndrade%2C+Susan+E%3BSchech%2C+Stephanie+D%3BLa+Grenade%2C+Lois%3BGurwitz%2C+Jerry+H%3BChan%2C+K+Arnold%3BGoodman%2C+Michael+J%3BPlatt%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=292&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=2585&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=1538-3598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 2004 Dec 1;292(21):2647-50 [15572723] JAMA. 2005 Mar 23;293(12):1448; author reply 1448-9 [15784863] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the SKC DPM cassette for monitoring diesel particulate matter in coal mines. AN - 67126187; 15568046 AB - In a previous study, the efficacy of commercial and prototype impactors for sampling diesel particulate matter (DPM) in coal mines was investigated. Laboratory and field samples were collected on quartz-fiber filters and analyzed for organic and elemental carbon. Coal dust contributed a minimal amount of elemental carbon when commercial cascade impactors and prototype impactors, designed by the University of Minnesota (UMN) and the US Bureau of Mines (BOM), were used to collect submicrometer dust fractions. Other impactors were not as effective at excluding coal dust. The impactors evaluated in that study were either not commercially available or were multi-stage, expensive, and difficult to use for personal measurements. A commercial version of the BOM impactor, called the DPM Cassette, was recently introduced by SKC. Tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the DPM Cassette for measuring diesel-source elemental carbon in the presence of coal dust. Bituminous coals from three mines in two different coal provinces were examined. The dust particle diameters were small and the coal dust contained a high percentage of carbon, thereby giving a worst-case condition for non-anthracite coal mines. Results for the DPM Cassette were essentially identical to those obtained by the BOM impactors in a previous study. At a respirable coal dust concentration of 5.46 mg m(-3), which is 3.8 times the regulatory limit, the DPM Cassette collected only 34 microg m(-3) of coal-source elemental carbon. JF - Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM AU - Noll, James D AU - Birch, Eileen AD - Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/US DHHS, Pittsburgh Research Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA. JIN1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 973 EP - 978 VL - 6 IS - 12 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Coal KW - Dust KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Evaluation Studies as Topic KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Carbon -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Dust -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Coal Mining KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67126187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+SKC+DPM+cassette+for+monitoring+diesel+particulate+matter+in+coal+mines.&rft.au=Noll%2C+James+D%3BBirch%2C+Eileen&rft.aulast=Noll&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=973&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - School nurses: a resource for young worker safety. AN - 67110101; 15560728 AB - On average, 67 youths under age 18 die at work in the United States each year, and many more suffer work-related injuries. In 1998, an estimated 77,000 young workers suffered work injuries that required treatment in hospital emergency rooms. It is estimated that only one third of work-related injuries are seen in emergency departments; therefore, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) estimates that nearly 230,000 youths suffer work-related injuries each year. Through NIOSH's Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation (FACE) program, NIOSH investigators identified poor knowledge of child labor laws, lack of safety training and supervision, inappropriate job assignment, and lack of employer compliance with labor laws as factors contributing to young worker deaths. School nurses serve as a resource to other professionals, parents, employers, and students and can help foster safer working conditions for youth by providing these groups with young worker safety information. JF - The Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National Association of School Nurses AU - Higgins, Doloris N AU - Tierney, Jeanette AU - Lins, Meredith AU - Hanrahan, Lawrence AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 317 EP - 323 VL - 20 IS - 6 SN - 1059-8405, 1059-8405 KW - Nursing KW - Information Services KW - Employment -- organization & administration KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Needs Assessment KW - Health Education KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Cause of Death KW - Population Surveillance KW - Health Promotion KW - Primary Prevention KW - Risk Factors KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Internet KW - Male KW - Occupational Health KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - School Nursing -- organization & administration KW - Nurse's Role KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Safety Management -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67110101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+school+nursing+%3A+the+official+publication+of+the+National+Association+of+School+Nurses&rft.atitle=School+nurses%3A+a+resource+for+young+worker+safety.&rft.au=Higgins%2C+Doloris+N%3BTierney%2C+Jeanette%3BLins%2C+Meredith%3BHanrahan%2C+Lawrence&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Doloris&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+school+nursing+%3A+the+official+publication+of+the+National+Association+of+School+Nurses&rft.issn=10598405&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Localization and characterization of flavivirus envelope glycoprotein cross-reactive epitopes. AN - 67102193; 15564505 AB - The flavivirus E glycoprotein, the primary antigen that induces protective immunity, is essential for membrane fusion and mediates binding to cellular receptors. Human flavivirus infections stimulate virus species-specific as well as flavivirus cross-reactive immune responses. Flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies in human sera create a serious problem for serodiagnosis, especially for secondary flavivirus infections, due to the difficulty of differentiating primary from secondary cross-reactive serum antibodies. The presence of subneutralizing levels of flavivirus cross-reactive serum antibodies may result in a dramatic increase in the severity of secondary flavivirus infections via antibody-dependent enhancement. An understanding of flavivirus E-glycoprotein cross-reactive epitopes is therefore critical for improving public health responses to these serious diseases. We identified six E-glycoprotein residues that are incorporated into three distinct flavivirus cross-reactive epitopes. Two of these epitopes which are recognized by distinct monoclonal antibodies contain overlapping continuous residues located within the highly conserved fusion peptide. The third epitope consists of discontinuous residues that are structurally related to the strictly conserved tryptophan at dengue virus serotype 2 E-glycoprotein position 231. JF - Journal of virology AU - Crill, Wayne D AU - Chang, Gwong-Jen J AD - Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. Box 2087, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA. wcrill@cdc.gov. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 13975 EP - 13986 VL - 78 IS - 24 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - Epitopes KW - Viral Envelope Proteins KW - prM protein, Flavivirus KW - glycoprotein E, Flavivirus KW - 145420-18-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - Cricetulus KW - COS Cells KW - Models, Molecular KW - Cercopithecus aethiops KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - CHO Cells KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Epitopes -- immunology KW - Cross Reactions KW - Antibodies, Viral -- immunology KW - Cricetinae KW - Viral Envelope Proteins -- immunology KW - Viral Envelope Proteins -- chemistry KW - Dengue Virus -- immunology KW - Dengue Virus -- metabolism KW - Epitope Mapping UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67102193?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Localization+and+characterization+of+flavivirus+envelope+glycoprotein+cross-reactive+epitopes.&rft.au=Crill%2C+Wayne+D%3BChang%2C+Gwong-Jen+J&rft.aulast=Crill&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=13975&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nat Struct Biol. 2003 Jun;10(6):482-8 [12740607] J Virol. 1993 Aug;67(8):4956-63 [8331735] J Gen Virol. 2003 Jul;84(Pt 7):1723-8 [12810865] Trends Microbiol. 2003 Sep;11(9):415-21 [13678856] Rev Med Virol. 2003 Nov-Dec;13(6):387-98 [14625886] Expert Rev Vaccines. 2004 Apr;3(2):199-220 [15056045] Am J Epidemiol. 1971 Dec;94(6):596-607 [5133787] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1982 May;31(3 Pt 1):548-55 [6177259] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1985 Jan;34(1):162-9 [2578750] Science. 1985 Aug 23;229(4715):726-33 [4023707] Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):476-81 [3277268] J Virol. 1989 Feb;63(2):564-71 [2463377] J Gen Virol. 1989 Jan;70 ( Pt 1):37-43 [2543738] Rev Infect Dis. 1989 May-Jun;11 Suppl 4:S830-9 [2665015] Arch Virol. 1989;105(3-4):209-21 [2473720] J Virol. 2000 May;74(9):4244-52 [10756038] Biochemistry. 2000 May 30;39(21):6296-309 [10828942] J Virol. 2001 Apr;75(8):4002-7 [11264392] J Virol. 2001 May;75(9):4040-7 [11287553] J Virol. 2001 May;75(9):4268-75 [11287576] Vaccine. 2001 Apr 30;19(23-24):3179-88 [11312014] J Virol. 2001 Aug;75(16):7769-73 [11462053] J Virol Methods. 2001 Sep;97(1-2):133-49 [11483224] J Infect. 2001 Feb;42(2):104-15 [11531316] J Mol Biol. 2001 Oct 12;313(1):83-97 [11601848] Trends Microbiol. 2002 Feb;10(2):100-3 [11827812] Cell. 2002 Mar 8;108(5):717-25 [11893341] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Mar;8(3):245-51 [11927020] J Mol Biol. 2002 Jul 5;320(2):369-87 [12079393] Virology. 2002 Jun 20;298(1):146-59 [12093182] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002 Mar;66(3):264-72 [12139219] Lancet. 2002 Jul 27;360(9329):310-2 [12147378] Nature. 1993 Oct 28;365(6449):859-63 [8413674] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Feb 1;91(3):1089-93 [8302837] J Virol. 1995 Feb;69(2):695-700 [7529335] Nature. 1995 May 25;375(6529):291-8 [7753193] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jan 9;93(1):7-12 [8552677] J Virol. 1998 Jan;72(1):73-83 [9420202] Electrophoresis. 1997 Dec;18(15):2714-23 [9504803] Virology. 1998 Jul 5;246(2):317-28 [9657950] J Mol Biol. 1998 Aug 14;281(2):301-22 [9698550] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jan 19;96(2):790-4 [9892712] J Mol Biol. 1999 Feb 5;285(5):2177-98 [9925793] Nat Struct Biol. 1999 Jun;6(6):530-4 [10360354] J Virol. 1999 Jul;73(7):5605-12 [10364309] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1952 Jan;1(1):30-50 [14903434] Virology. 2003 Feb 1;306(1):170-80 [12620809] Virology. 1992 Apr;187(2):480-91 [1372140] Acta Virol. 1992 May;36(3):277-83 [1360756] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Jun 10;100(12):6986-91 [12759475] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field evaluation of a portable blood lead analyzer in workers living at a high altitude: a follow-up investigation. AN - 67098715; 15551370 AB - Field-portable instruments can offer expeditious analytical results to health professionals in field settings and in areas lacking laboratory infrastructure. This study further evaluated an electroanalytical field-portable instrument, which rapidly analyzes blood lead concentrations. A portable anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) instrument was evaluated utilizing paired samples from 243 employees working at an elevation of approximately 3,800 meters in Peru. Each worker donated two venous blood samples, one of which was analyzed by the ASV device and the other by a reference analytical method, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). According to the GFAAS results, the mean blood lead concentration measured was 46(+/-16) mug/dl; this was significantly greater than the mean ASV measurement of 32(+/-11) mug/dl (paired t-test; P < 0.0001). The accuracy of the ASV estimation decreased as the measured blood lead concentration increased. The results from this investigation were significantly different from the previous study, which was conducted near sea level. The exact causes for the discrepancies between the portable ASV results from the two studies are unclear, but are thought to be related to differences in blood chemistry between the Midwestern United States and Peruvian Andes worker cohorts. Portable ASV blood lead measurements from populations living at high altitudes should be viewed with caution. Am. J. Ind. Med. 46:656-662, 2004. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Taylor, Lauralynn AU - Ashley, Kevin AU - Jones, Robert L AU - Deddens, James A AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. LTaylor@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 656 EP - 662 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Occupational Health KW - Spectrophotometry, Atomic -- instrumentation KW - Humans KW - Equipment Safety KW - Equipment Design KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Adult KW - Sampling Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Peru KW - Electrochemistry -- instrumentation KW - Male KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Altitude KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Lead -- blood KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67098715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Field+evaluation+of+a+portable+blood+lead+analyzer+in+workers+living+at+a+high+altitude%3A+a+follow-up+investigation.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Lauralynn%3BAshley%2C+Kevin%3BJones%2C+Robert+L%3BDeddens%2C+James+A&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Lauralynn&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=656&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of work schedules to gastrointestinal diagnoses, symptoms, and medication use in auto factory workers. AN - 67097116; 15551368 AB - Gastrointestinal (GI) complaints are common in shift workers. This study examines the relationship between work schedules and GI symptoms, medications, and diagnoses. In a cross-sectional survey of 343 US auto factory workers, four work schedule variables were examined: assigned shift, number of hours worked, number of night hours, and schedule variability. Multiple regression tested the relationship between GI outcomes and work schedule variables while controlling for covariates. The evening shift was associated with more GI symptoms and GI diagnoses. Unexpectedly, more consistent work times were associated with having a GI diagnosis. As schedule variability increased the probability of GI medication use increased in low noise exposure. Findings suggest that evening shift and widely varying work start and end times may increase risks for GI disturbances. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Caruso, Claire C AU - Lusk, Sally L AU - Gillespie, Brenda W AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. ccaruso@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 586 EP - 598 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Probability KW - Humans KW - Prognosis KW - Workplace KW - Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm -- epidemiology KW - Automobiles KW - Age Distribution KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Life Style KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Personnel Staffing and Scheduling KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm -- etiology KW - Work Schedule Tolerance KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- drug therapy KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Gastrointestinal Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67097116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+work+schedules+to+gastrointestinal+diagnoses%2C+symptoms%2C+and+medication+use+in+auto+factory+workers.&rft.au=Caruso%2C+Claire+C%3BLusk%2C+Sally+L%3BGillespie%2C+Brenda+W&rft.aulast=Caruso&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=586&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An intervention analysis for the reduction of exposure to methylmercury from the consumption of seafood by women of child-bearing age. AN - 67084027; 15546681 AB - A previously developed exposure model was used [Risk Anal. 22 (2002) 689] to assess the effectiveness of various advisory scenarios on minimizing mercury (Hg) blood levels via the consumption of commercial seafood, both finfish and shellfish. This exposure model was developed to predict levels of Hg in blood in women of child-bearing age in the US based on the frequency of seafood consumption, the amount of seafood consumed per serving, and the types of seafood consumed. Steady-state relationships that employed descriptive statistics to account for toxicokinetic variation were used to predict levels of Hg in blood. The model incorporates an uncertainty dimension that is intended to represent the range of plausible interpretations of the data. The predictability of the model was confirmed via the use of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) blood Hg data. In the present analysis, the model was used to predict the impact of limitations in the amount or types of seafood consumed on blood Hg levels. Specifically, simulations for various advisory scenarios were developed on the basis of limitations on total consumption of seafood, elimination of the consumption of certain species altogether, and/or a combination of both. In the baseline model, the median (uncertainty) estimates for the 50th, 95th, and 99th per capita population percentiles were 1.25, 8.2, and 16.1 ppb blood Hg, respectively. After restriction of seafood consumption to no more than 12 oz/week, the median (uncertainty) estimates for the 50th, 95th, and 99th per capita population percentiles were 1.22, 6.8, and 10.6 ppb blood Hg, respectively. Elimination of MeHg species, with average concentrations above 0.6 ppm, resulted in very modest decrements in Hg blood levels, in comparison to either the baseline or the reduced consumption scenarios. These results suggest that strategies to reduce MeHg exposure by reducing the amount of fish consumed (e.g., 12 oz/week) are more effective at eliminating the high end of the exposure distribution than are strategies intended to change the types of fish consumed. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Carrington, C D AU - Montwill, B AU - Bolger, P M AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA. cdc@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 272 EP - 280 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Methylmercury Compounds KW - 0 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mercury -- blood KW - Humans KW - Fishes KW - Cooking KW - Adult KW - Nutrition Surveys KW - Models, Biological KW - Female KW - Seafood -- adverse effects KW - Methylmercury Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Seafood -- analysis KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67084027?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=An+intervention+analysis+for+the+reduction+of+exposure+to+methylmercury+from+the+consumption+of+seafood+by+women+of+child-bearing+age.&rft.au=Carrington%2C+C+D%3BMontwill%2C+B%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Carrington&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005 Jul;42(2):249-50; author reply 251 [15963837] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimating the safe starting dose in phase I clinical trials and no observed effect level based on QSAR modeling of the human maximum recommended daily dose. AN - 67082486; 15546675 AB - Estimating the maximum recommended starting dose (MRSD) of a pharmaceutical for phase I human clinical trials and the no observed effect level (NOEL) for non-pharmaceuticals is currently based exclusively on an extrapolation of the results of animal toxicity studies. This process is inexact and requires the results of toxicity studies in multiple species (rat, dog, and monkey) to identify the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and most sensitive test species. Multiple uncertainty (safety) factors are also necessary to compensate for incompatibility and uncertainty underlying the extrapolation of animal toxicity to humans. The maximum recommended daily dose for pharmaceuticals (MRDD) is empirically derived from human clinical trials. The MRDD is an estimated upper dose limit beyond which a drug's efficacy is not increased and/or undesirable adverse effects begin to outweigh beneficial effects. The MRDD is essentially equivalent to the NOAEL in humans, a dose beyond which adverse (toxicological) or undesirable pharmacological effects are observed. The NOAEL in test animals is currently used to estimate the safe starting dose in human clinical trials. MDL QSAR predictive modeling of the human MRDD may provide a better, simpler and more relevant estimation of the MRSD for pharmaceuticals and the toxic dose threshold of chemicals in humans than current animal extrapolation based risk assessment models and may be a useful addition to current methods. A database of the MRDD for over 1300 pharmaceuticals was compiled and modeled using MDL QSAR software and E-state and connectivity topological descriptors. MDL QSAR MRDD models were found to have good predictive performance with 74-78% of predicted MRDD values for 120 internal and 160 external validation compounds falling within a range of +/-10-fold the actual MRDD value. The predicted MRDD can be used to estimate the MRSD for pharmaceuticals in phase I clinical trials with the addition of a 10-fold safety factor. For non-pharmaceutical chemicals any compound-related effect can be considered an undesirable and adverse toxicological effect and the predicted MRDD can be used to estimate the NOEL with the addition of an appropriate safety factor. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Contrera, Joseph F AU - Matthews, Edwin J AU - Kruhlak, Naomi L AU - Benz, R Daniel AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (HFD-901), Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Informatics and Computational Safety Analysis Staff (ICSAS), 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. contrerajf@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 185 EP - 206 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Discriminant Analysis KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Species Specificity KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- administration & dosage KW - Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic -- methods KW - Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Models, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67082486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+safe+starting+dose+in+phase+I+clinical+trials+and+no+observed+effect+level+based+on+QSAR+modeling+of+the+human+maximum+recommended+daily+dose.&rft.au=Contrera%2C+Joseph+F%3BMatthews%2C+Edwin+J%3BKruhlak%2C+Naomi+L%3BBenz%2C+R+Daniel&rft.aulast=Contrera&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=185&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Truncated hepatitis C virus core protein encoded in hepatocellular carcinomas. AN - 67082184; 15547681 AB - Studies have suggested that a truncated form of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein can enter hepatocyte nuclei and might play a role in HCV-associated hepato-carcinogenesis. In the present study, the HCV core gene from hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and/or adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues from eight patients was amplified by nested RT-PCR and sequenced. Mutations in the HCV core gene that would encode a truncated core protein were found in 4 of the 8 patients. Since truncated core proteins have been shown to be capable of entry into the hepatocyte nucleus (unlike HCV itself, which is an exclusively cytoplasmic virus), the detection of mutated sequences encoding them in these four HCC patients suggests that these mutations may have played a role in the development of these HCCs. JF - International journal of molecular medicine AU - Yamaguchi, Rin AU - Momosaki, Seiya AU - Gao, Guang AU - Hsia, Chu Chieh AU - Kojiro, Masamichi AU - Scudamore, Charles AU - Tabor, Edward AD - Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 1097 EP - 1100 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 1107-3756, 1107-3756 KW - Viral Core Proteins KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Sequence Alignment KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- virology KW - Hepatitis C -- virology KW - Hepacivirus -- pathogenicity KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- etiology KW - Hepatitis C -- complications KW - Hepacivirus -- genetics KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- genetics KW - Viral Core Proteins -- genetics KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67082184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+molecular+medicine&rft.atitle=Truncated+hepatitis+C+virus+core+protein+encoded+in+hepatocellular+carcinomas.&rft.au=Yamaguchi%2C+Rin%3BMomosaki%2C+Seiya%3BGao%2C+Guang%3BHsia%2C+Chu+Chieh%3BKojiro%2C+Masamichi%3BScudamore%2C+Charles%3BTabor%2C+Edward&rft.aulast=Yamaguchi&rft.aufirst=Rin&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1097&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+molecular+medicine&rft.issn=11073756&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Increased volume of the calbindin D28k-labeled sexually dimorphic hypothalamus in genistein and nonylphenol-treated male rats. AN - 67067550; 15456915 AB - The adult rat brain develops through an interplay of neuronal proliferation and programmed cell death. Steroid hormones and growth factors may alter the balance between these competing processes. "Endocrine disrupters" (EDs) may also alter brain development, by mimicry or modulation of endogenous hormone systems. Under control conditions, the sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN) of the medial preoptic hypothalamus becomes larger in adult males than females, but its final volume may also reflect the hormonal conditions prevailing during development. Two EDs that have recently been studied in protocols involving lifespan exposures are the phytoestrogen genistein and the weakly estrogenic compound para-nonylphenol, which is used in the production of many surfactants and plastics. Experimental dietary exposure of adult female rats to genistein or p-nonylphenol began 28 days prior to their mating at concentrations of 5 ppm, 100 ppm, and 500 ppm for genistein or 25 ppm, 200 ppm, and 750 ppm for p-nonylphenol. Exposure of the offspring continued throughout gestation and lactation, as well as in their chow after weaning, until they were sacrificed at 140 days of age for immunohistochemical labeling of the calbindin D28k-labeled subdivision of the SDN: the CALB-SDN. Both genistein and nonylphenol were found to increase the volume of the CALB-SDN in male rats (p's < 0.01), but not in female rats. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Scallet, A C AU - Divine, R L AU - Newbold, R R AU - Delclos, K B AD - Division of Neurotoxicology National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. ascallet@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 570 EP - 576 VL - 82 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Calb1 protein, rat KW - Calbindin 1 KW - Calbindins KW - Coloring Agents KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal KW - Phenols KW - S100 Calcium Binding Protein G KW - nonylphenol KW - 79F6A2ILP5 KW - Genistein KW - DH2M523P0H KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sex Characteristics KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Rats KW - Preoptic Area -- metabolism KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Preoptic Area -- drug effects KW - Diet KW - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Female KW - Male KW - Phenols -- pharmacology KW - Hypothalamus -- drug effects KW - Genistein -- pharmacology KW - Hypothalamus -- metabolism KW - S100 Calcium Binding Protein G -- metabolism KW - Estrogens, Non-Steroidal -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67067550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Increased+volume+of+the+calbindin+D28k-labeled+sexually+dimorphic+hypothalamus+in+genistein+and+nonylphenol-treated+male+rats.&rft.au=Scallet%2C+A+C%3BDivine%2C+R+L%3BNewbold%2C+R+R%3BDelclos%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=570&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Building-related respiratory symptoms can be predicted with semi-quantitative indices of exposure to dampness and mold. AN - 67002001; 15500636 AB - Using a semi-quantitative mold exposure index, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) investigated 13 college buildings to examine whether building-related respiratory symptoms among employees are associated with environmental exposure to mold and dampness in buildings. We collected data on upper and lower respiratory symptoms and their building-relatedness, and time spent in specific rooms with a self-administered questionnaires. Trained NIOSH industrial hygienists classified rooms for water stains, visible mold, mold odor, and moisture using semi-quantitative scales and then estimated individual exposure indices weighted by the time spent in specific rooms. The semi-quantitative exposure indices significantly predicted building-related respiratory symptoms, including wheeze [odds ratio (OR) = 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-4.5], chest tightness (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.1-4.6), shortness of breath (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.2-6.1), nasal (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.3-4.7) and sinus (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.2-4.1) symptoms, with exposure-response relationships. We found that conditions suggestive of indoor mold exposure at work were associated with building-related respiratory symptoms. Our findings suggest that observational semi-quantitative indices of exposure to dampness and mold can support action to prevent building-related respiratory diseases. Current air sampling methods have major limitations in assessing exposure to mold and other biological agents that may prevent the demonstration of associations of bioaerosol exposure with health. Our study demonstrates that semi-quantitative dampness/mold exposure indices, based solely on visual and olfactory observation and weighted by time spent in specific rooms, can predict existence of excessive building-related respiratory symptoms and diseases. Relative extent of water stains, visible mold, mold odor, or moisture can be used to prioritize remediation to reduce potential risk of building-related respiratory diseases. From a public health perspective, these observational findings justify action to correct water leaks and repair water damage in order to prevent building-related respiratory diseases. This approach can also be a basis for developing practical building-diagnostic tools for water-incursion. JF - Indoor air AU - Park, J-H AU - Schleiff, P L AU - Attfield, M D AU - Cox-Ganser, J M AU - Kreiss, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Field Studies Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. gzp9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 425 EP - 433 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Middle Aged KW - West Virginia -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Mitosporic Fungi KW - Humidity KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67002001?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indoor+air&rft.atitle=Building-related+respiratory+symptoms+can+be+predicted+with+semi-quantitative+indices+of+exposure+to+dampness+and+mold.&rft.au=Park%2C+J-H%3BSchleiff%2C+P+L%3BAttfield%2C+M+D%3BCox-Ganser%2C+J+M%3BKreiss%2C+K&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=J-H&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=425&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indoor+air&rft.issn=09056947&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Indoor Air. 2006 Feb;16(1):82;author reply 83-4 [16420502] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relationship of roof movement and strata-induced microseismic emissions to roof falls AN - 51736262; 2005-023448 AB - For the first time in an underground stone mine, the relationship between roof movement and microseismic emissions was examined in conjunction with two distinct roof fall areas. As roof monitoring increases in acceptance and monitoring technology advances, the goal of providing reliable roof-fall detection systems to enhance the safety of underground mine workers moves closer to reality. Instrumental to reaching this goal is the ability to interpret accurately and completely roof movement and microseismic emissions, which can serve as precursors to roof falls. This paper examines the capabilities of convergence and microseismic monitoring systems to better understand roof rock failure mechanics and to anticipate roof falls. An understanding of how these techniques are used and how they interact with each other is critical in developing the most effective ground-control strategy for U.S. mines. JF - Mining Engineering AU - Iannacchione, A T AU - Coyle, P R AU - Prosser, L J AU - Marshall, T E AU - Litsenberger, J Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 53 EP - 60 PB - Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Littleton, CO VL - 56 IS - 12 SN - 0026-5187, 0026-5187 KW - United States KW - limestone KW - mining KW - failures KW - monitoring KW - underground mining KW - strain KW - roof control KW - stability KW - elastic waves KW - rock mechanics KW - fractures KW - sedimentary rocks KW - microseisms KW - Loyalhanna Limestone KW - room-and-pillar mining KW - compressive strength KW - Pennsylvania KW - carbonate rocks KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51736262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+Engineering&rft.atitle=Relationship+of+roof+movement+and+strata-induced+microseismic+emissions+to+roof+falls&rft.au=Iannacchione%2C+A+T%3BCoyle%2C+P+R%3BProsser%2C+L+J%3BMarshall%2C+T+E%3BLitsenberger%2C+J&rft.aulast=Iannacchione&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mining+Engineering&rft.issn=00265187&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://me.smenet.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 14 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - MIENAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - carbonate rocks; compressive strength; elastic waves; failures; fractures; limestone; Loyalhanna Limestone; microseisms; mining; monitoring; Pennsylvania; rock mechanics; roof control; room-and-pillar mining; sedimentary rocks; stability; strain; underground mining; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of fugitive dust generated from unpaved mine haulage roads AN - 51508095; 2007-005413 JF - International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment AU - Organiscak, John A AU - Reed, W M Randolph Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 236 EP - 252 PB - Taylor & Francis, Abingdon VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1389-5265, 1389-5265 KW - silicates KW - hazardous waste KW - U. S. Mine Safety and Health Administration KW - mining KW - mines KW - concentration KW - silica minerals KW - clastic sediments KW - surface mining KW - transportation KW - environmental analysis KW - measurement KW - dust KW - sediments KW - quartz KW - framework silicates KW - roads KW - public health KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51508095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Surface+Mining%2C+Reclamation+and+Environment&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+fugitive+dust+generated+from+unpaved+mine+haulage+roads&rft.au=Organiscak%2C+John+A%3BReed%2C+W+M+Randolph&rft.aulast=Organiscak&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Surface+Mining%2C+Reclamation+and+Environment&rft.issn=13895265&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F1389526042000263333 L2 - http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/nsme205ekLGgrK1s LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2016, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 24 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table N1 - Last updated - 2016-10-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - clastic sediments; concentration; dust; environmental analysis; framework silicates; hazardous waste; measurement; mines; mining; public health; quartz; roads; sediments; silica minerals; silicates; surface mining; transportation; U. S. Mine Safety and Health Administration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1389526042000263333 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of the standard deviation in the estimation of benchmark doses with continuous data AN - 36459939; 3335413 AB - For continuous data, risk is defined here as the proportion of animals with values above a large percentile, e.g., the 99th percentile or below the 1st percentile, for the distribution of values among control animals. It is known that reducing the standard deviation of measurements through improved experimental techniques will result in less stringent (higher) doses for the lower confidence limit on the benchmark dose that is estimated to produce a specified risk of animals with abnormal levels for a biological effect. Thus, a somewhat larger (less stringent) lower confidence limit is obtained that may be used as a point of departure for low-dose risk assessment. It is shown in this article that it is important for the benchmark dose to be based primarily on the standard deviation among animals, sa, apart from the standard deviation of measurement errors, sm, within animals. If the benchmark dose is incorrectly based on the overall standard deviation among average values for animals, which includes measurement error variation, the benchmark dose will be overestimated and the risk will be underestimated. The bias increases as sm increases relative to sa. The bias is relatively small if sm is less than one-third of sa, a condition achieved in most experimental designs. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishers JF - Risk analysis AU - Gaylor, David W AU - Slikker, Jr., William AD - Gaylor and Associates ; National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 1683 EP - 1688 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Economics KW - Measurement KW - Probability KW - Animals KW - Risk theory UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36459939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis&rft.atitle=Role+of+the+standard+deviation+in+the+estimation+of+benchmark+doses+with+continuous+data&rft.au=Gaylor%2C+David+W%3BSlikker%2C+Jr.%2C+William&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1683&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/0272-4332%2F04%2F0100-1683%2422.00%2F1 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 11040 11035; 1046; 10214 12224 971; 7854 DO - http://dx.doi.org/0272-4332/04/0100-1683$22.00/1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative risk assessment for developmental neurotoxic effects AN - 36458553; 3335412 AB - Developmental neurotoxicity concerns the adverse health effects of exogenous agents acting on neurodevelopment. Because human brain development is a delicate process involving many cellular events, the developing fetus is rather susceptible to compounds that can alter the structure and function of the brain. Today, there is clear evidence that early exposure to many neurotoxicants can severely damage the developing nervous system. Although in recent years, there has been much attention given to model development and risk assessment procedures for developmental toxicants, the area of developmental neurotoxicity has been largely ignored. Here, we consider the problem of risk estimation for developmental neurotoxicants from animal bioassay data. Since most responses from developmental neurotoxicity experiments are nonquantal in nature, an adverse health effect will be defined as a response that occurs with very small probability in unexposed animals. Using a two-stage hierarchical normal dose-response model, upper confidence limits on the excess risk due to a given level of added exposure are derived. Equivalently, the model is used to obtain lower confidence limits on dose for a small negligible level of risk. Our method is based on the asymptotic distribution of the likelihood ratio statistic (cf. Crump, 1995). An example is used to provide further illustration. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishers JF - Risk analysis AU - Razzaghi, Mehdi AU - Kodell, Ralph AD - Bloomsburg University ; US Food and Drug Administration Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 1673 EP - 1682 VL - 24 IS - 6 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Sociology KW - Economics KW - Chemicals KW - Probability KW - Risk KW - Brain KW - Neuroscience KW - Toxicity KW - Risk theory UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36458553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular%2C+serological%2C+and+virulence+characteristics+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+isolated+from+environmental%2C+food%2C+and+clinical+sources+in+North+America+and+Asia.&rft.au=DePaola%2C+Angelo%3BUlaszek%2C+Jodie%3BKaysner%2C+Charles+A%3BTenge%2C+Bradley+J%3BNordstrom%2C+Jessica+L%3BWells%2C+Joy%3BPuhr%2C+Nancy%3BGendel%2C+Steven+M&rft.aulast=DePaola&rft.aufirst=Angelo&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 11040 11035; 1750 1678; 8637; 2175; 12807 9818; 11035; 10214 12224 971 DO - http://dx.doi.org/0272-4332/04/0100-1673$22.00/1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The EUas Traceability and Labeling and Food and Feed Proposals for Products of Transgenic Origin AN - 21245780; 7848572 JF - Journal of International Biotechnology Law AU - Mansour, Mark AD - FDA/Healthcare Regulation Practice partner, resident in the Washington, D.C. office of Morgan Lewis. Y1 - 2004/12/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 01 SP - 232 EP - 238 PB - Walter de Gruyter und Co., Genthiner Str. 13 VL - 1 IS - 6 SN - 1612-6068, 1612-6068 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Food KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21245780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+International+Biotechnology+Law&rft.atitle=The+EUas+Traceability+and+Labeling+and+Food+and+Feed+Proposals+for+Products+of+Transgenic+Origin&rft.au=Mansour%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Mansour&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=232&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+International+Biotechnology+Law&rft.issn=16126068&rft_id=info:doi/10.1515%2Fjibl.2004.1.6.232 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jibl.2004.1.6.232 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response surface methodology for optimization and characterization of limonene-based coenzyme Q10 self-nanoemulsified capsule dosage form AN - 21131717; 11176200 AB - The aim of this study was to systematically obtain a model of factors that would yield an optimized self-nanoemulsified capsule dosage form (SNCDF) of a highly lipophilic model compound, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ). Independent variables such as amount of R-(+)-limonene (X 1), surfactant (X 2), and cosurfactant (X 3), were optimized using a 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken statistical design. The dependent variables selected were cumulative percentage of drug released after 5 minutes (Y 1) with constraints on drug release in 15 minutes (Y 2), turbidity (Y 3), particle size (Y 4), and zeta potential (Y 5). A mathematical relationship obtained,Y 1=78.503+6.058X 1 +13.738X 2+5.986X 3-25.831X 1 +9.12X 1X2-26.03X 1X3-38.67X 2 +11.02X 2X3-15.55X 3 (r =0.97), explained the main and quadratic effects, and the interaction of factors that affected the drug release. Response surface methodology (RSM) predicted the levels of factorsX 1,X 2, andX 3 (0.0344, 0.216, and 0.240, respectively), for a maximized response ofY 1 with constraints of >90% release onY 2. The observed and predicted values ofY 1 were in close agreement. In conclusion, the Box-Behnken experimental design allowed us to obtain SNCDF with rapid (>90%) drug release within 5 minutes with desirable properties of low turbidity and particle size. JF - AAPS PharmSciTech AU - Palamakula, Anitha AU - Nutan, Mohammad T H AU - Khan, Mansoor A AD - School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter, 79106 Amarillo, TX, Khanm@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 114 EP - 121 PB - Springer New York LLC VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1530-9932, 1530-9932 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Particle size KW - Drug delivery KW - Statistics KW - Zeta potential KW - Drug development KW - Drugs KW - Surfactants KW - Turbidity KW - Lipophilic KW - Coenzyme Q10 KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21131717?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AAPS+PharmSciTech&rft.atitle=Response+surface+methodology+for+optimization+and+characterization+of+limonene-based+coenzyme+Q10+self-nanoemulsified+capsule+dosage+form&rft.au=Palamakula%2C+Anitha%3BNutan%2C+Mohammad+T+H%3BKhan%2C+Mansoor+A&rft.aulast=Palamakula&rft.aufirst=Anitha&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=114&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AAPS+PharmSciTech&rft.issn=15309932&rft_id=info:doi/10.1208%2Fpt050466 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle size; Drug delivery; Statistics; Zeta potential; Drug development; Surfactants; Drugs; Lipophilic; Turbidity; Coenzyme Q10 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/pt050466 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Conditional Maximum Likelihood Estimation Following a Group Sequential Test AN - 21091810; 11132728 AB - We consider estimation after a group sequential test. An estimator that is unbiased or has small bias may have substantial conditional bias (Troendle and Yu, 1999, Coburger and Wassmer, 2001). In this paper we derive the conditional maximum likelihood estimators of both the primary parameter and a secondary parameter, and investigate their properties within a conditional inference framework. The method applies to both the usual and adaptive group sequential test designs. JF - Biometrical Journal AU - Liu, Aiyi AU - Troendle, James F AU - Yu, Kai F AU - Yuan, Vivian W AD - Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Department of Health and Human Services, 6100 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852, USA, liua@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 760 EP - 768 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 0323-3847, 0323-3847 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Biometrics KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21091810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biometrical+Journal&rft.atitle=Conditional+Maximum+Likelihood+Estimation+Following+a+Group+Sequential+Test&rft.au=Liu%2C+Aiyi%3BTroendle%2C+James+F%3BYu%2C+Kai+F%3BYuan%2C+Vivian+W&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Aiyi&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=760&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biometrical+Journal&rft.issn=03233847&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbimj.200410076 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biometrics; Statistics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200410076 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Nimesulide Prevents Helicobacter pylori-Associated Gastric Cancer Development in a Mouse Model AN - 20790301; 6116401 AB - PURPOSE: Helicobacter pylori infection can lead to gastric cancer, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in the stomach during H. pylori infection. Therefore, we investigated whether nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs might protect against this form of cancer. Specifically, we examined the chemopreventive effect of the COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide on H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis in mice. Experimental Design: C57BL/6 mice were treated with the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and/or H. pylori. To determine the effect of COX-2 inhibition, nimesulide was mixed with feed pellets and administered for the duration of the experiment. All of the mice were sacrificed 50 weeks after the start of the experiment. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting for COX-2, Bax and Bcl-2 were performed in stomach tissues. In vitro experiments with the human gastric cancer cell line AGS were also performed to identify mechanisms underlying cancer chemoprevention by nimesulide. RESULTS: Gastric tumors developed in 68.8% of mice that were given both MNU and H. pylori, whereas less than 10% developed gastric tumors when given either MNU or H. pylori alone. These findings indicate that H. pylori promotes carcinogen-induced gastric tumorigenesis. In mice treated with both MNU and H. pylori, nimesulide administration substantially reduced H. pylori-associated gastric tumorigenesis, whereas substantial inductions of apoptosis were observed. In vitro studies demonstrated that nimesulide and H. pylori when combined acted synergistically to induce more apoptosis than either alone. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that nimesulide prevents H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis, and suggest that COX-2 may be a target for chemoprevention of gastric cancer. JF - Clinical Cancer Research AU - Nam, Ki Taek AU - Hahm, Ki-Baik AU - Oh, Sang-Yeon AU - Yeo, Marie AU - Han, Sang-Uk AU - Ahn, Byeongwoo AU - Kim, Young-Bae AU - Kang, Jin Seok AU - Jang, Dong Deuk AU - Yang, Ki-Hwa AU - Kim, Dae-Yong AD - Department of General Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul Y1 - 2004/12/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 01 SP - 8105 EP - 8113 PB - American Association for Cancer Research, 615 Chestnut St., 17th Floor Philadelphia PA 19106-4404 USA, [URL:http://www.aacr.org/] VL - 10 IS - 23 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Cyclooxygenase-2 KW - Helicobacter pylori KW - Western blotting KW - Apoptosis KW - Tumorigenesis KW - Animal models KW - N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea KW - Carcinogens KW - Infection KW - nimesulide KW - Tumor cell lines KW - Bax protein KW - Carcinogenesis KW - Bcl-2 protein KW - Gastric cancer KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Antiinflammatory agents KW - J 02410:Animal Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20790301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=The+Selective+Cyclooxygenase-2+Inhibitor+Nimesulide+Prevents+Helicobacter+pylori-Associated+Gastric+Cancer+Development+in+a+Mouse+Model&rft.au=Nam%2C+Ki+Taek%3BHahm%2C+Ki-Baik%3BOh%2C+Sang-Yeon%3BYeo%2C+Marie%3BHan%2C+Sang-Uk%3BAhn%2C+Byeongwoo%3BKim%2C+Young-Bae%3BKang%2C+Jin+Seok%3BJang%2C+Dong+Deuk%3BYang%2C+Ki-Hwa%3BKim%2C+Dae-Yong&rft.aulast=Nam&rft.aufirst=Ki&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=8105&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cyclooxygenase-2; Western blotting; Apoptosis; Tumorigenesis; Animal models; Carcinogens; N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea; Infection; nimesulide; Tumor cell lines; Bax protein; Carcinogenesis; Bcl-2 protein; Gastric cancer; Antiinflammatory agents; Immunohistochemistry; Helicobacter pylori ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Echocardiographic Findings in the PANDAS Subgroup AN - 19816340; 6099710 AB - BACKGROUND: Sydenham's chorea is the neurologic manifestation of rheumatic fever and is a diagnosis of exclusion requiring only the presence of frank chorea in the absence of another neurologic disorder. Two thirds of children with Sydenham's chorea also have rheumatic carditis (pathologic mitral valve regurgitation). Although there are similar neuropsychiatric symptoms and preceding group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection associated with both Sydenham's chorea and the PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections) subgroup, it is unknown whether patients in the PANDAS subgroup have any cardiac involvement. METHODS: Sixty children meeting the criteria for PANDAS were entered into protocols at National Institute of Mental Health between 1993 and 2002. Doppler and 2- dimensional echocardiograms were performed on these subjects to assess valvular heart disease. RESULTS: Of these 60 children, no echocardiographic evidence of significant mitral or aortic valve regurgitation was found. One patient was found to have mild mitral regurgitation, and all patients had normal left atrial size and normal left ventricular size and function. Follow-up echocardiograms on 20 children showed no significant valvular regurgitation. CONCLUSION: The evidence of a clear lack of rheumatic carditis in these children supports the hypothesis that PANDAS is a distinct neuropsychiatric diagnosis separate from Sydenham's chorea. JF - Pediatrics AU - Snider, Lisa A AU - Sachdev, Vandana AU - Mackaronis, Julia E AU - Peter, Marilyn St AU - Swedo, Susan E AD - Pediatrics and Developmental Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - e748 EP - e751 PB - American Academy of Pediatrics, 141 Northwest Point Blvd. Elk Grove Village IL 60007-1098 USA, [mailto:journals@aap.org], [URL:http://www.aap.org] VL - 114 IS - 6 SN - 0031-4005, 0031-4005 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Streptococcus KW - Heart KW - Rheumatic fever KW - Aortic valve KW - Pediatrics KW - Echocardiography KW - Infection KW - Children KW - Mitral valve KW - Chorea KW - Ventricle KW - Mental disorders KW - Regurgitation KW - Carditis KW - Heart diseases KW - J 02400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19816340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Echocardiographic+Findings+in+the+PANDAS+Subgroup&rft.au=Snider%2C+Lisa+A%3BSachdev%2C+Vandana%3BMackaronis%2C+Julia+E%3BPeter%2C+Marilyn+St%3BSwedo%2C+Susan+E&rft.aulast=Snider&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=e748&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=00314005&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heart; Rheumatic fever; Pediatrics; Aortic valve; Echocardiography; Children; Infection; Mitral valve; Chorea; Mental disorders; Ventricle; Regurgitation; Carditis; Heart diseases; Streptococcus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ciprofloxacin at low levels disrupts colonization resistance of human fecal microflora growing in chemostats AN - 19411813; 6158931 AB - We studied the in vitro effects of a range of ciprofloxacin (CI) concentrations on the human intestinal flora's colonization resistance (CR) to Salmonella kedougou NCTC 12173. Four steady state microbial communities were established in chemostats using inocula from a single pool of human feces. Three chemostats were exposed to CI (0.1, 0.43 and 5 mu g/mL, respectively); one served as a no-drug control. The CR of each community was tested by three successive daily challenges of 10 super(8) S. kedougou, each delivered in a 1 mL bolus. There was no colonization of the no-drug chemostat. Likewise, after exposure to only 0.1 mu g/mL CI there was no loss of CR and S. kedougou did not colonize. Conversely, both the 0.43 and the 5 mu g/mL-exposed floras suffered a loss of CR and these chemostats were colonized. S. kedougou overgrew faster and reached higher counts in the presence of 0.43 than it did in the presence of 5 mu g/mL. One possible explanation is that CI had a dose-dependent effect on both the challenge strain and CR. Thus, at higher levels, even though CR was disrupted by CI, so too was the growth of the challenge strain. Since exposure to CI elicited a dose-dependent reduction in Escherichia coli counts [Reg. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 33 (2001) 276] our new data suggest that E. coli may contribute to the CR against salmonella. We further conclude that, even at fecal levels below those reached during therapy, CI may impact the human gut flora sufficiently to facilitate colonization by S. kedougou. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Carman, R J AU - Simon, MA AU - Fernandez, H AU - Miller, MA AU - Bartholomew, MJ AD - United States Food and Drug Administration-Center for Veterinary Medicine, 7500 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, United States, rjcarman@techlab.com Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - December 2004 SP - 319 EP - 326 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Pharmacology KW - Anadromous species KW - Therapy KW - Strains KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - Intestinal microflora KW - Colonization KW - Growth KW - Fecal microflora KW - Chemostats KW - Intestines KW - Exposure KW - Escherichia coli KW - Salmonella KW - Toxicology KW - Q1 08342:Geographical distribution KW - J 02841:Microflora KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19411813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Ciprofloxacin+at+low+levels+disrupts+colonization+resistance+of+human+fecal+microflora+growing+in+chemostats&rft.au=Carman%2C+R+J%3BSimon%2C+MA%3BFernandez%2C+H%3BMiller%2C+MA%3BBartholomew%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Carman&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.yrtph.2004.08.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Colonization; Growth; Intestines; Pharmacology; Anadromous species; Therapy; Strains; Toxicology; Intestinal microflora; Ciprofloxacin; Fecal microflora; Chemostats; Exposure; Escherichia coli; Salmonella DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.08.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An investigation on the relationship between grip, push and contact forces applied to a tool handle AN - 18030280; 6065642 AB - Owing to the strong dependence of the health risks associated with vibration exposure of the human hand and arm on hand force, a laboratory study was conducted to develop a methodology for measurement of the contact force at the tool handle-hand interface, and to identify the relationship between the contact force and the hand grip and push forces. A simulated tool handle fixture was realized in the laboratory to measure the grip and push forces using compression/extension force sensors integrated within the handle and a force plate, respectively. The contact force was derived through integration of the interface pressure over the contact area. These were measured using a capacitive pressure-sensing grid. The measurements were performed with 10 male subjects and three circular cross-section handles of different sizes under different combinations of grip and push forces. The hand-handle interface pressure data were analyzed to derive the contact force, as functions of the constant magnitudes of the grip and push forces, and the handle size. The results suggest that the hand-handle contact force is strongly dependent upon not only the grip and push forces but also the handle diameter. The contact force for a given handle size can be expressed as a linear combination of grip and push forces, where the contribution of the grip force is considerably larger than that of the push force. The results further suggest that a linear relation can characterize the dependence of the contact force on the handle diameter. The validity of the proposed relationship is demonstrated by evaluating the magnitudes of errors between the estimated contact forces with the measured data for the range of handle diameters, and grip and push forces considered in the study. The methodology proposed in this study can be applied to measure the effective hand- handle contact force at workplaces for assessing the health risks associated with exposure to hand-transmitted vibration exposure and hand-wrist cumulative trauma. The relationship proposed in the study could be effectively applied for estimating the hand-handle contact force from known grip and push forces that are conveniently and directly measurable in laboratory studies involving vibration analyses of the human hand, power tools and relevant vibration attenuation devices. It is expected to be most useful in field applications, where it could provide an estimate of the range of magnitudes of the hand-grip force applied to the handle of an actual tool, which is quite difficult and expensive to measure. The relationship is also expected to contribute to the on- going standardization efforts for defining a correction factor to account for the effects of hand force on the vibration transmission and hand injuries. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Welcome, D AU - Rakheja, S AU - Dong, R AU - Wu, J Z AU - Schopper, A W AD - Engineering & Control Technology Branch, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2201, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, zzw8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 507 EP - 518 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Vibration KW - Standards KW - Occupational exposure KW - Ergonomics KW - Hand tools KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18030280?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=An+investigation+on+the+relationship+between+grip%2C+push+and+contact+forces+applied+to+a+tool+handle&rft.au=Welcome%2C+D%3BRakheja%2C+S%3BDong%2C+R%3BWu%2C+J+Z%3BSchopper%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Welcome&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=507&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ergon.2004.06.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Vibration; Standards; Ergonomics; Injuries; Hand tools; Occupational exposure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2004.06.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Persistent chemicals found in breast milk and their possible interactions AN - 17855364; 6131878 AB - Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs), hexachlorobenzene, dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane (p, p'-DDE), methylmercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were selected as an important subset of persistent chemicals detected in breast milk for the purpose of reviewing data on their joint toxic actions following oral exposure. Epidemiological studies of possible health hazards associated with exposure to biopersistent chemicals in breast milk identify mild neurodevelopmental deficits as a possible health hazard. However, the studies did not analyze all the components of the above defined mixture, and, therefore, they are not directly useful for the purposes of conducting exposure-based assessments of hazards associated with this mixture. For this purpose, component-based methodology such as binary weight-of- evidence, the hazard index (HI) and the target-organ toxicity dose (TTD) approaches are recommended. Weight-of-evidence evaluation of the limited animal studies' data on interactions among CDDs, hexachlorobenzene, p, p-DDE, methylmercury, and PCBs indicates that the data are inadequate to warrant a concern for deviations from the additivity assumption. Further, exposure-based health assessments are used, in conjunction with evaluation of community- specific health outcome data, consideration of community health concerns, and biomedical judgement, to assess the degree of public health hazard presented by mixtures of substances released into the environment. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Pohl, H R AU - McClure, P AU - De Rosa, CT AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, GA, USA, hpohl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 259 EP - 266 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 1382-6689, 1382-6689 KW - dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane KW - methylmercury KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Breast milk KW - Public health KW - PCB compounds KW - PCB KW - Methylmercury KW - Toxicity KW - Joints KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Dibenzo-p-dioxin KW - Hexachlorobenzene KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - X 24156:Environmental impact KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17855364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Persistent+chemicals+found+in+breast+milk+and+their+possible+interactions&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H+R%3BMcClure%2C+P%3BDe+Rosa%2C+CT&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.etap.2003.11.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Breast milk; PCB compounds; Hexachlorobenzene; Toxicity; Public health; Methylmercury; PCB; polychlorinated biphenyls; Joints; Dibenzo-p-dioxin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2003.11.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer Incidence Among Pesticide Applicators Exposed to Chlorpyrifos in the Agricultural Health Study AN - 17853625; 6099164 AB - BACKGROUND: Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used insecticides in the United States. We evaluated the incidence of cancer among pesticide applicators exposed to chlorpyrifos in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. METHODS: A total of 54 383 pesticide applicators were included in this analysis. Detailed information on pesticide exposure and lifestyle factors was obtained from self- administered questionnaires completed at the time of enrollment (December 1993- December 1997). Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between chlorpyrifos exposure and cancer incidence after adjustment for potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: A total of 2070 incident malignant neoplasms were diagnosed through 2001. The rate ratio for all cancers combined among chlorpyrifos-exposed applicators compared with nonexposed applicators was 0.97 (95% confidence interval = 0.87 to 1.08). For most cancers analyzed, there was no evidence of an exposure-response relationship. However, the incidence of lung cancer was statistically significantly associated with both chlorpyrifos lifetime exposure-days (P sub(trend) = .002) and chlorpyrifos intensity-weighted exposure-days (P sub(trend) = .036). After adjustment for other pesticide exposures and demographic factors, individuals in the highest quartile of chlorpyrifos lifetime exposure-days (>56 days) had a relative risk of lung cancer 2.18 (95% confidence interval = 1.31 to 3.64) times that of those with no chlorpyrifos exposure. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest an association between chlorpyrifos use and incidence of lung cancer that deserves further evaluation. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Lee, Won Jin AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Hoppin, Jane A AU - Lubin, Jay H AU - Rusiecki, Jennifer A AU - Sandler, Dale P AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AU - Alavanja, Michael CR AD - Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD Y1 - 2004/12/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Dec 01 SP - 1781 EP - 1789 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 96 IS - 23 SN - 0027-8874, 0027-8874 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - Insecticides KW - USA, Iowa KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 5000:Pesticides UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17853625?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Cancer+Incidence+Among+Pesticide+Applicators+Exposed+to+Chlorpyrifos+in+the+Agricultural+Health+Study&rft.au=Lee%2C+Won+Jin%3BBlair%2C+Aaron%3BHoppin%2C+Jane+A%3BLubin%2C+Jay+H%3BRusiecki%2C+Jennifer+A%3BSandler%2C+Dale+P%3BDosemeci%2C+Mustafa%3BAlavanja%2C+Michael+CR&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Won&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=1781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=00278874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Iowa; USA, North Carolina; Insecticides; Lung cancer; Chlorpyrifos; Occupational exposure ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of proteins induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and de novo sequencing methods AN - 17851842; 6097912 AB - Protein profiles of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 grown in the presence of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HMW PAHs) were examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Cultures of M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 were incubated with pyrene, pyrene-4,5-quinone (PQ), phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene. Soluble cellular protein fractions were analyzed and compared, using immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips. More than 1000 gel-separated proteins were detected using a 2-DE analysis program within the window of isoelectric point (pI) 4-7 and a molecular mass range of 10-100 kDa. We observed variations in the protein composition showing the upregulation of multiple proteins for the five PAH treatments compared with the uninduced control sample. By N-terminal sequencing or mass spectrometry, we further analyzed the proteins separated by 2-DE. Due to the lack of genome sequence information for this species, protein identification provided an analytical challenge. Several PAH- induced proteins were identified including a catalase-peroxidase, a putative monooxygenase, a dioxygenase small subunit, a small subunit of naphthalene- inducible dioxygenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase. We also identified proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism (enolase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase, and fumarase), DNA translation (probable elongation factor Tsf), heat shock proteins, and energy production (ATP synthase). Many proteins from M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 showed similarity with protein sequences from M. tuberculosis and M. leprae. Some proteins were detected uniquely upon exposure to a specific PAH whereas others were common to more than one PAH, which indicates that induction triggers not only specific responses but a common response in this strain. JF - Proteomics AU - Kim, Seong-Jae AU - Jones, Richard C AU - Cha, Chang-Jun AU - Kweon, Ohgew AU - Edmondson, Ricky D AU - Cerniglia, Carl E AD - Division of Microbiology, ccerniglia@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 PB - Wiley-VCH, Postfach 101161 Weinheim 69451 Germany, [mailto:info@wiley-vch.de], [URL:http://www.wiley-vch.de/publish/en/] VL - 4 IS - 12 SN - 1615-9853, 1615-9853 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - de novo sequencing KW - Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Protein identificaion KW - Two-dimensional protein profiles KW - Fluoranthene KW - Mycobacterium vanbaalenii KW - Carbohydrate metabolism KW - Isoelectric points KW - Fumarate hydratase KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - Phenanthrene KW - ATP synthase KW - Phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) KW - Dioxygenase KW - Phosphopyruvate hydratase KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17851842?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proteomics&rft.atitle=Identification+of+proteins+induced+by+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon+in+Mycobacterium+vanbaalenii+PYR-1+using+two-dimensional+polyacrylamide+gel+electrophoresis+and+de+novo+sequencing+methods&rft.au=Kim%2C+Seong-Jae%3BJones%2C+Richard+C%3BCha%2C+Chang-Jun%3BKweon%2C+Ohgew%3BEdmondson%2C+Ricky+D%3BCerniglia%2C+Carl+E&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Seong-Jae&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proteomics&rft.issn=16159853&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpmic.200400872 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fluoranthene; Isoelectric points; Carbohydrate metabolism; Phenanthrene; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Fumarate hydratase; ATP synthase; Phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating); Phosphopyruvate hydratase; Dioxygenase; Gel electrophoresis; Mycobacterium vanbaalenii DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200400872 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism by N-Acetyltransferase 1 In Vitro and in Healthy Volunteers: A Prototype for Targeted Inhibition AN - 17836370; 6078630 AB - Inhibition of drug metabolism is generally avoided but can be useful in limited circumstances, such as reducing the formation of toxic metabolites. Acetylation is a major pathway for drug elimination that can also convert substrates into toxic species, including carcinogens. Sulfamethoxazole, a widely used antibiotic, is metabolized via arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1. p- Aminosalicylate, used for antitubercular treatment, is also metabolized by N- acetyltransferase 1 and could potentially inhibit sulfamethoxazole metabolism. Human hepatocytes from 4 donors were incubated in vitro with sulfamethoxazole and paminosalicylate at clinically achievable concentrations. p-Aminosalicylate competitively reduced the acetylation of sulfamethoxazole in vitro by 61% to 83% at 200 mu M. Four healthy volunteers were studied following doses of 500 mg sulfamethoxazole either alone or during administration of paminosalicylate (4 g ter in die). Plasma concentrations of paminosalicylate exceeded 100 mu M. With each subject as his or her own control, p-aminosalicylate reduced by 5-fold the ratio of plasma concentrations of acetylsulfamethoxazole relative to parent drug (P < .001). Metabolic drug-drug interaction studies in vitro successfully predicted inhibition of acetylation via N-acetyltransferase 1 in vivo. Although no specific toxic species was investigated in this work, the potential was demonstrated for improving the therapeutic index of drugs that have toxic metabolites. JF - Journal of Clinical Pharmacology AU - Cantilena, Louis R AU - Katki, Aspandiar G AU - Klecker, Raymond W AU - Collins, Jerry M AD - Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Medical Toxicology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, and the Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland. Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 1405 EP - 1411 PB - Sage Publications, Inc., 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks CA 91320 USA, [mailto:info@sagepub.com], [URL:http://www.sagepub.com/] VL - 44 IS - 12 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Arylamine N-acetyltransferase KW - Acetylation KW - N-acetyltransferase 1 KW - Sulfamethoxazole KW - Hepatocytes KW - Drug metabolism KW - Antibiotics KW - Metabolites KW - Carcinogens KW - X 24114:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17836370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Metabolism+by+N-Acetyltransferase+1+In+Vitro+and+in+Healthy+Volunteers%3A+A+Prototype+for+Targeted+Inhibition&rft.au=Cantilena%2C+Louis+R%3BKatki%2C+Aspandiar+G%3BKlecker%2C+Raymond+W%3BCollins%2C+Jerry+M&rft.aulast=Cantilena&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1405&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfamethoxazole; Acetylation; Metabolites; N-acetyltransferase 1; Antibiotics; Drug metabolism; Hepatocytes; Arylamine N-acetyltransferase; Carcinogens ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of drug countermeasures for space motion sickness on working memory in humans AN - 17826277; 6143876 AB - Space motion sickness (SMS) is a problem during the first 72 h of space flight and during transitions from different gravity environments. There currently are no effective drug countermeasures for SMS that also accommodate the retention of optimal cognitive function. This creates a dilemma for astronauts because cognitive skills are particularly important during gravity transitions (e.g., take-off and landing). To quantify the cognitive side effects of potential drug countermeasures, an automated delayed matching-to-sample (DMTS) procedure was used to assess visual working memory before and after drug countermeasures (meclizine 25 mg, scopolamine 0.4 mg, promethazine 25 mg, or lorazepam 1 mg, given orally approximately 45 min prior to testing) and/or the induction of SMS by vestibular stimulation in a rotary chair (spinning). Sixty-seven normal healthy volunteers (mean age, in years, 26.6+/-4.8 S.D.; 24 females and 43 males) each participated in two test sessions, one 'off' drug and one 'on' drug. Spinning by itself significantly decreased task accuracy (Acc) and choice response speed, especially at longer recall delays. Meclizine alone had no effect on Acc or speed with or without spinning. Scopolamine alone decreased Acc, and with spinning, slowed speed. Promethazine alone had no adverse effect, but combined with spinning, decreased Acc and speed. Lorazepam alone decreased speed, and with spinning, decreased Acc. The data suggest that, at clinically useful doses, the rank order of the drugs with the best cognitive profiles is meclizine>scopolamine>promethazine>lorazepam. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Paule, M G AU - Chelonis, J J AU - Blake, D J AU - Dornhoffer, J L AD - Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, Unites States, mpaule@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 825 EP - 837 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - motion sickness KW - Matching-to-sample KW - Promethazine KW - Scopolamine KW - Space flight KW - Cognitive ability KW - Gravity KW - Vestibular system KW - Drugs KW - Short term memory KW - Side effects KW - N3 11105:Primates KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17826277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+drug+countermeasures+for+space+motion+sickness+on+working+memory+in+humans&rft.au=Paule%2C+M+G%3BChelonis%2C+J+J%3BBlake%2C+D+J%3BDornhoffer%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Paule&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ntt.2004.07.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - motion sickness; Matching-to-sample; Scopolamine; Promethazine; Space flight; Gravity; Cognitive ability; Vestibular system; Short term memory; Drugs; Side effects DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2004.07.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Phenanthrols in Human Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Potential Use in Carcinogen Metabolite Phenotyping AN - 17824601; 6115824 AB - Phenanthrene is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) containing a bay region, a feature closely associated with carcinogenicity. We have proposed that measurement of phenanthrene metabolites in human urine could be used to identify interindividual differences in metabolic activation and detoxification of PAH, and that these differences may be related to cancer susceptibility in smokers and other exposed individuals. Previously, we reported a method for quantitation of r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4- tetrahydrophenanthrene (trans, anti-PheT) in human urine. trans, anti-PheT is the ultimate product of the diol epoxide metabolic activation pathway of phenanthrene. In this study, we have extended our carcinogen metabolite phenotyping approach by developing a method for quantitation of phenanthrols in human urine. PAH phenols such as phenanthrols are considered as detoxification products. After treatment of the urine by beta-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase, a fraction enriched in phenanthrols was prepared by partitioning and solid phase extraction. The phenanthrols were silylated and analyzed by gas chromatography- positive ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. [ring- super(13)C sub(6)]3-phenanthrol was used as an internal standard. Accurate and reproducible quantitation of four phenanthrols, 1-phenanthrol (1-HOPhe), 2- HOPhe, 3-HOPhe, and 4-HOPhe, was readily achieved. In smokers, mean levels of 1- HOPhe (0.96 +/-1.2 pmol/mg creatinine) and 3-HOPhe (0.82 +/-0.62 pmol/mg creatinine) were greater than those of 2-HOPhe (0.47 +/-0.29 pmol/mg creatinine), and 4-HOPhe (0.11 +/-0.07 pmol/mg creatinine). There were no significant differences between the levels of any of the phenanthrols in smokers and nonsmokers. Total levels of the quantified phenanthrols were highly correlated with those of 3-HOPhe. Ratios of phenanthrene metabolites representing activation and detoxification were calculated as trans, anti-PheT divided by 3-HOPhe. There was a 7.5-fold spread of ratios in smokers, and a 12.3-fold spread in nonsmokers, suggesting that this may be a useful parameter for distinguishing individual metabolic responses to PAH exposure. JF - Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention AU - Carmella, Steven G AU - Chen, Menglan AU - Yagi, Haruhiko AU - Jerina, Donald M AU - Hecht, Stephen S AD - The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota and Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 2167 EP - 2174 PB - American Association for Cancer Research, 615 Chestnut St., 17th Floor Philadelphia PA 19106-4404 USA, [URL:http://www.aacr.org/] VL - 13 IS - 12 SN - 1055-9965, 1055-9965 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Cerebroside-sulfatase KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Epoxides KW - Carcinogens KW - Cancer KW - Phenols KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - Phenanthrene KW - Creatinine KW - Gas chromatography KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Urine KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17824601?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Epidemiology%2C+Biomarkers+%26+Prevention&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Phenanthrols+in+Human+Urine+by+Gas+Chromatography-Mass+Spectrometry%3A+Potential+Use+in+Carcinogen+Metabolite+Phenotyping&rft.au=Carmella%2C+Steven+G%3BChen%2C+Menglan%3BYagi%2C+Haruhiko%3BJerina%2C+Donald+M%3BHecht%2C+Stephen+S&rft.aulast=Carmella&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2167&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Epidemiology%2C+Biomarkers+%26+Prevention&rft.issn=10559965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urine; Creatinine; Phenanthrene; Carcinogens; Epoxides; Carcinogenicity; Cerebroside-sulfatase; Gas chromatography; Mass spectroscopy; Phenols; Cancer; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neonatal exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) alters male reproductive-tract development AN - 17799671; 6130363 AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate male reproductive-organ development in early postnatal male rats following neonatal exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) and identify a mechanism of action. Neonatal male rats were injected subcutaneously from d 5 to 14 after birth with corn oil (control) and DBP (5, 10, or 20 mg/animal). Animals were killed at postnatal day (PND) 31 and PND 42, respectively, and testes, epididymis, seminal vesicles, ventral prostate, levator ani plus bulbocavernosus muscles (LABC), and Cowper's glands were weighed. In addition, the expressions of androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptors (ERs), and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) were also examined in the testes. Total body weights gains were significantly reduced at PND 29-31, but gradually recovered on PND 42. However, DBP (20 mg/animal) significantly reduced the weights of testes and accessory sex organs (seminal vesicles, LABC, and Cowper's glands), but not of the epididymis. These adverse effects persisted through puberty at PND 42. Serum testosterone levels did not show any significant changes in the control and DBP treatment groups. Histomorphological examination showed mild diffuse Leydig-cell hyperplasia in the interstitium of severely affected tubules on PND 31. Only a few multinuclear germ cells were observed. DBP (20 mg/animal) significantly decreased the expression of AR, whereas ER expression and SF-1 expression were increased in a dose-dependent manner on PND 31 in the rat testes. On PND 42, DBP (20 mg/animal) significantly inhibited ER expression in the testes, but not AR, ER, and SF-1. These results demonstrate that neonatal exposure to DBP produces permanent changes in the endocrine system and leads to abnormal male reproductive-tract development until puberty. Thus our data suggest that DBP is likely to exert its antiandrogenic actions through disruption of AR or ER expression during the early neonatal stage. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Kim, Hyung Sik AU - Kim, Tae Sung AU - Shin, Jae-Ho AU - Moon, Hyun Ju AU - Kang, Il Hyun AU - Kim, In Young AU - Oh, Ji Young AU - Han, Soon-Young AD - National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbun-dong Eunpyung-ku, Seoul 122-704, Korea, soonyoungh@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 2045 EP - 2060 VL - 67 IS - 23-24 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Testes KW - Epididymis KW - Germ cells KW - Development KW - Androgen receptors KW - phthalates KW - Hyperplasia KW - Testosterone KW - seminal vesicles KW - Glands KW - Neonates KW - Endocrine system KW - Prostate KW - Estrogen receptors KW - Side effects KW - Tubules KW - Puberty KW - X 24115:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17799671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Neonatal+exposure+to+di%28n-butyl%29+phthalate+%28DBP%29+alters+male+reproductive-tract+development&rft.au=Kim%2C+Hyung+Sik%3BKim%2C+Tae+Sung%3BShin%2C+Jae-Ho%3BMoon%2C+Hyun+Ju%3BKang%2C+Il+Hyun%3BKim%2C+In+Young%3BOh%2C+Ji+Young%3BHan%2C+Soon-Young&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Hyung&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=23-24&rft.spage=2045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390490514859 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Second Korean Toxicology Symposium. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Testes; Epididymis; Germ cells; Development; Androgen receptors; phthalates; Testosterone; Hyperplasia; seminal vesicles; Glands; Neonates; Endocrine system; Estrogen receptors; Prostate; Side effects; Puberty; Tubules DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390490514859 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential gene profiles in developing embryo and fetus after in utero exposure to ethanol AN - 17799421; 6130365 AB - Alcohol consumption during pregnancy results in morphological abnormalities in the fetuses of humans and experimental animals, and is referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). However, the molecular mechanism underlying FAS has not been completely elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms of ethanol-induced FAS in the developing embryo and fetus. cDNA microarray analysis was used to screen for altered gene profiles. Ethanol at a teratogenic dosage (3.8 g/kg, twice a day) was administered intraperitoneally to pregnant C57Bl/6J mice from gestation day (GD) 6 to 8. Morphologic observations showed excessive malformations of the craniofacial regions (reduction of the face, the absence of eyes, nose, jaw, and mandible, underdevelopment of vibrissae areas, cleft lip, and palate) in ethanol-exposed embryos (GD 10) and fetusus (GD 15). cDNA microarray analysis showed alterations in several gene profiles, including the "palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone (plunc)," "neurofilament," and "pale ear." Of these genes, the expressions of plunc were confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and whole-mount in situ hybridization. The plunc was highly expressed in the craniofacial region, specifically in upper airways and nasopharyngeal epithelium. RT-PCR analysis revealed that normal plunc mRNA expression levels were present in GD 15 fetuses, but not in GD 10 embryos. Interestingly, ethanol significantly downregulated the plunc expression in GD 15 fetuses. Our results suggest that ethanol-induced FAS is due in part to the downregulation of plunc expression in the fetus, and this gene may be a candidate biological marker for FAS. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Lee, Rhee Da AU - Rhee, Gyu Seek AU - An, Sang Mi AU - Kim, Soon Sun AU - Kwack, Seung Jun AU - Seok, Ji Hyun AU - Chae, Soo Yeong AU - Park, Chul Hoon AU - Yoon, Hyo Jung AU - Cho, Dae Hyun AU - Kim, Hyung Sik AU - Park, Kui Lea AD - Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbun-dong, Eunpyung-ku, Seoul, 122-704, Korea, parkkl@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 2073 EP - 2084 VL - 67 IS - 23-24 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Neurofilaments KW - Fetal alcohol syndrome KW - Ear KW - Palate KW - DNA microarrays KW - Fetuses KW - Pregnancy KW - Gene expression KW - Lip KW - Fas antigen KW - Lung KW - Gestation KW - Jaw KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - CD95 antigen KW - Nose KW - Epithelium KW - Embryos KW - Respiratory tract KW - Ethanol KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17799421?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Differential+gene+profiles+in+developing+embryo+and+fetus+after+in+utero+exposure+to+ethanol&rft.au=Lee%2C+Rhee+Da%3BRhee%2C+Gyu+Seek%3BAn%2C+Sang+Mi%3BKim%2C+Soon+Sun%3BKwack%2C+Seung+Jun%3BSeok%2C+Ji+Hyun%3BChae%2C+Soo+Yeong%3BPark%2C+Chul+Hoon%3BYoon%2C+Hyo+Jung%3BCho%2C+Dae+Hyun%3BKim%2C+Hyung+Sik%3BPark%2C+Kui+Lea&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Rhee&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=23-24&rft.spage=2073&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390490515001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special Issue: Second Korean Toxicology Symposium. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neurofilaments; Fetal alcohol syndrome; Ear; DNA microarrays; Palate; Fetuses; Pregnancy; Gene expression; Lip; Lung; Fas antigen; Jaw; Gestation; CD95 antigen; Polymerase chain reaction; Embryos; Epithelium; Nose; Ethanol; Respiratory tract DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390490515001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using the ATSDR Guidance Manual for the Assessment of Joint Toxic Action of Chemical Mixtures AN - 17798783; 6132950 AB - The Guidance Manual for the Assessment of Joint Toxic Action of Chemical Mixtures (Mixtures Guidance Manual) is intended to assist environmental health scientists and toxicologists in determining whether exposure to chemical mixtures at hazardous waste sites may affect public health. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) approach is a semi-quantitative screening process. Step-by-step procedures for assessing noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects are outlined in flow charts. Exposure data and toxicological information on the mixture of concern are the preferred basis for an assessment. If suitable whole mixture studies are not available, a components-based approach is undertaken. The hazard index (HI) method is used to screen for noncancer health hazards from potential additivity of the components. Cancer risks for the components are summed to screen for health hazards from potential additivity of carcinogenic effects. A weight-of-evidence (WOE) method is used to evaluate the potential impact of interactions on noncancer and cancer health effects. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Wilbur, S B AU - Hansen, H AU - Pohl, H AU - Colman, J AU - McClure, P AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1600 Clifton Road, NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, sdw9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 223 EP - 230 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 1382-6689, 1382-6689 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Databases KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Exposure KW - Wastes KW - Cancer KW - Public health KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17798783?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Using+the+ATSDR+Guidance+Manual+for+the+Assessment+of+Joint+Toxic+Action+of+Chemical+Mixtures&rft.au=Wilbur%2C+S+B%3BHansen%2C+H%3BPohl%2C+H%3BColman%2C+J%3BMcClure%2C+P&rft.aulast=Wilbur&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.etap.2003.03.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cancer; Exposure; Chemicals; Databases; Carcinogenicity; Public health; Wastes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2003.03.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bile-Mediated Aminoglycoside Sensitivity in Lactobacillus Species Likely Results from Increased Membrane Permeability Attributable to Cholic Acid AN - 17793470; 6098276 AB - Few studies have been conducted on antimicrobial resistance in lactobacilli, presumably because of their nonpathogenic nature as anaerobic commensals. We assessed resistance in 43 type strains and isolates representing 14 species by using agar disk diffusion and MIC analysis in MRS medium. Most noteworthy were two general phenotypes displayed by nearly every strain tested: (i) they were more susceptible (up to 256-fold in some cases) to the deconjugated bile acid cholic acid than to the conjugate taurocholic or taurodeoxycholic acid, and (ii) they became susceptible to aminoglycosides when assayed on agar medium containing 0.5% fractionated bovine bile (ox gall). Two-dimensional MIC analyses of one representative strain, Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1, at increasing concentrations of ox gall (0 to 30.3 mg/ml) displayed corresponding decreases in resistance to all of the aminoglycosides tested and ethidium bromide. This effect was clinically relevant, with the gentamicin MIC decreasing from >1,000 to 4 mu g/ml in just 3.8 mg of ox gall per ml. In uptake studies at pH 6.5, [G- super(3)H]gentamicin accumulation increased over control levels when cells of this strain were exposed to bile acids or reserpine but not when they were exposed to carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. The effect was dramatic, particularly with cholic acid, increasing up to 18-fold, whereas only modest increases, 3- and 5-fold, could be achieved with taurocholic acid and ox gall, respectively. Since L. plantarum, particularly strain WCFS1, is known to encode bile salt hydrolase (deconjugation) activity, our data indicate that mainly cholic acid, but not taurocholic acid, effectively permeabilizes the membrane to aminoglycosides. However, at pHs approaching neutral conditions in the intestinal lumen, aminoglycoside resistance due to membrane impermeability may be complemented by a potential efflux mechanism. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Elkins, Christopher A AU - Mullis, Lisa B AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 7200 EP - 7209 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 70 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Canker KW - Agar KW - Lactobacillus plantarum KW - taurocholic acid KW - Bile KW - cholic acid KW - Membrane permeability KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Aminoglycoside antibiotics KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02784:Aminoglycoside antibiotics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17793470?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Bile-Mediated+Aminoglycoside+Sensitivity+in+Lactobacillus+Species+Likely+Results+from+Increased+Membrane+Permeability+Attributable+to+Cholic+Acid&rft.au=Elkins%2C+Christopher+A%3BMullis%2C+Lisa+B&rft.aulast=Elkins&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=7200&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Canker; Agar; Bile; taurocholic acid; Membrane permeability; cholic acid; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Antibiotic resistance; Aminoglycoside antibiotics; Lactobacillus plantarum ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Falls through Roof and Floor Openings and Surfaces, Including Skylights: 1992-2000 AN - 17760175; 6157082 AB - Fall-related occupational injuries and fatalities are still serious problems in the U.S. construction industry. Two Bureau of Labor Statistics databases-Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses-were examined for 1992-2000. An important subset of falls-to-lower-level incidents is when workers fall through openings or surfaces, including skylights. A total of 605 fall-through fatalities occurred during 1992-2000. Also, 21,985 workers were injured seriously enough from fall-through incidents to miss a day away from work (DAFW). Fall-through injuries are among the most severe cases for median number of DAFW. Median DAFW were 35, 11, 25, 12, and 36 for fall-through roof and floor openings, roof and floor surfaces, and skylights, respectively, compared to 10 DAFW for all fall-to-lower-level incidents in all U.S. private industry. A conservative approach, which assumes that direct and indirect costs are equal, estimates a range of $55,000-$76,000 for the total cost of a 1998 DAFW fall-through injury. Current work practices should use commercial fall-prevention products to reduce the frequency and costs of fall-through incidents. These analyses have identified a subset of fall-related incidents that contribute to excessive costs to the U.S. construction industry. Researchers can use a systems approach on these incidents to identify contributing risk factors. Employers and practitioners can alert managers and work crews about these dangerous locations to eliminate these hazards that are often obvious and easy to rectify. JF - Journal of Construction Engineering and Management AU - Bobick, T G AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Mailstop H-G800, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, txb4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 895 EP - 907 VL - 130 IS - 6 SN - 0733-9364, 0733-9364 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Economics KW - Construction industry KW - Mortality KW - Falls KW - Prevention KW - USA KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17760175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Construction+Engineering+and+Management&rft.atitle=Falls+through+Roof+and+Floor+Openings+and+Surfaces%2C+Including+Skylights%3A+1992-2000&rft.au=Bobick%2C+T+G&rft.aulast=Bobick&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=895&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Construction+Engineering+and+Management&rft.issn=07339364&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%290733-9364%282004%29130%3A6%28895%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Occupational safety; Construction industry; Mortality; Injuries; Economics; Prevention; Falls; Accidents DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2004)130:6(895) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin Is a Protective Antigen in the Mouse Aerosol Challenge Model of Tuberculosis AN - 17758578; 6093125 AB - The heparin-binding hemagglutinin (HBHA) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a surface-expressed adhesin that can affect binding to host cells via a unique, methylated, carboxyl-terminal, lysine-, alanine-, and proline-rich repeat region. It has been implicated in extrapulmonary dissemination of M. tuberculosis from the lung following the initial infection of the host. To assess the vaccine potential of this protein, purified preparations of HBHA were emulsified in a dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide-monophosphoryl lipid A adjuvant and tested for the ability to reduce M. tuberculosis infection in the mouse aerosol challenge model for tuberculosis. The HBHA-containing vaccine gave a -0.7-log reduction in CFU in both mouse lungs and spleens compared to adjuvant controls 28 days following challenge. Although a notable level of serum antibody to HBHA was elicited after three immunizations and the antibodies were able to bind to the surface of M. tuberculosis, passive immunization with monoclonal antibodies directed against HBHA did not protect in the challenge model. Compared to adjuvant controls, an elevated gamma interferon response was generated by splenic and lymph node-derived T cells from immunized mice in the presence of macrophages pulsed with purified HBHA or infected with live M. tuberculosis, suggesting that the effective immunity may be cell mediated. Efforts to construct effective recombinant HBHA vaccines in fast-growing Mycobacterium smegmatis have been unsuccessful so far, which indicates that distinctive posttranslational modifications present in the HBHA protein expressed by M. tuberculosis are critical for generating effective host immune responses. The vaccine studies described here demonstrate that HBHA is a promising new vaccine candidate for tuberculosis. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Parra, Marcela AU - Pickett, Thames AU - Delogu, Giovanni AU - Dheenadhayalan, Veerabadran AU - Debrie, Anne-Sophie AU - Locht, Camille AU - Brennan, Michael J AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland. Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 6799 EP - 6805 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 72 IS - 12 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Aerosols KW - Hemagglutinins KW - Animal models KW - Spleen KW - Adjuvants KW - Mycobacterium smegmatis KW - Immunity (cell-mediated) KW - Lung KW - Tuberculosis KW - Vaccines KW - Heparin KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17758578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=The+Mycobacterial+Heparin-Binding+Hemagglutinin+Is+a+Protective+Antigen+in+the+Mouse+Aerosol+Challenge+Model+of+Tuberculosis&rft.au=Parra%2C+Marcela%3BPickett%2C+Thames%3BDelogu%2C+Giovanni%3BDheenadhayalan%2C+Veerabadran%3BDebrie%2C+Anne-Sophie%3BLocht%2C+Camille%3BBrennan%2C+Michael+J&rft.aulast=Parra&rft.aufirst=Marcela&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=6799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Tuberculosis; Vaccines; Adjuvants; Animal models; Hemagglutinins; Spleen; Aerosols; Lung; Heparin; Immunity (cell-mediated) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to ozone gases in pulp mills and the onset of rhinitis AN - 17758072; 6146134 AB - Objective Rhinitis is a common upper respiratory disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It is also accepted that allergic rhinitis may precede asthma, a disease with more serious consequences. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the risk of noninfectious rhinitis is increased after accidental gassings with ozone among bleachery workers in two pulp mills. Methods Bleachery workers (N=120) from two Swedish pulp mills using ozone as their bleaching agent were compared with control workers (N=80) not exposed to ozone in two adjacent paper mills. All of the participants were mailed a respiratory questionnaire that included items about asthma, noninfectious rhinitis, self-reported gassings, and smoking. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated with proportional hazards regression models. Results The bleachery workers who reported gassings from ozone were found to be at increased risk of noninfectious rhinitis [HR 3.4, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-8.7] when compared with control workers. Bleachery workers without self-reported ozone gassings were not at increased risk (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.3-2.4). Conclusion Acute exposure to high levels of ozone increases the risk of noninfectious rhinitis. This finding supports the view that peak exposures to irritants should be prevented in pulp mills. JF - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health AU - Hoffman, C D AU - Henneberger, P K AU - Olin, A-C AU - Mehta, A AU - Toren, K AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, pkh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 445 EP - 449 VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Asthma KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Paper industry KW - Smoking KW - Occupational exposure KW - Ozone KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17758072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+ozone+gases+in+pulp+mills+and+the+onset+of+rhinitis&rft.au=Hoffman%2C+C+D%3BHenneberger%2C+P+K%3BOlin%2C+A-C%3BMehta%2C+A%3BToren%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ozone; Occupational exposure; Respiratory diseases; Paper industry; Asthma; Smoking ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New-Onset Asthma Associated With Exposure to 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole AN - 17737781; 6134260 AB - Objective: The authors conducted an investigation of a cluster of eight new-onset asthma cases identified in a chemical plant through the Sentinel Event Notification Systems for Occupational Risks (SENSOR) program. Methods: Workplace investigation involved interviews with the asthma cases, review of medical records, and medical and industrial hygiene surveys in the plant. Results: Altogether, 11 work-related asthma cases were identified among the plant workers--approximately 10% of the workers exposed to the potential causative agents: 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (AMT) or N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-methyl- [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide (DE-498; trade name Flumetsulam). Of these cases, six had physician-diagnosed occupational asthma (OA) based on work-related respiratory symptoms and nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness (NSBH), and of these, three had work-related expiratory peak flow changes. Conclusions: The findings of this investigation, together with findings from concurrent animal studies, suggest that this outbreak of new-onset asthma was associated with exposure to AMT. Clinical Significance: A cluster of eight new-onset asthma cases was identified in a chemical plant through the SENSOR program. Subsequent workplace investigation identified AMT, used in the production of a herbicide N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-5-methyl- [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-2-sulfonamide, as the most likely causal agent. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Hnizdo, E AU - Sylvain, D AU - Lewis, D M AU - Pechter, E AU - Kreiss, K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS H-G900.2, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, Exh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 1246 EP - 1252 VL - 46 IS - 12 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - 3-amino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole KW - Risk Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Respiratory tract diseases KW - Sensors KW - Asthma KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Chemical plants KW - Occupational exposure KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24154:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17737781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=New-Onset+Asthma+Associated+With+Exposure+to+3-amino-5-mercapto-1%2C2%2C4-triazole&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+E%3BSylvain%2C+D%3BLewis%2C+D+M%3BPechter%2C+E%3BKreiss%2C+K&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000145001.98992.ad LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Respiratory tract diseases; Sensors; Asthma; Occupational exposure; Respiratory diseases; Chemical plants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000145001.98992.ad ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of Colorimetric Indicators and Thermo-Hand Method to Determine Base Permeation Through Chemical Protective Gloves AN - 17714364; 6071422 AB - The aim of this study was to assess the use of colorimetric indicator pads and the thermo-hand method for detection of inorganic/organic base permeation of chemical protective gloves under simulated in-use conditions. Breakthrough times for four types of gloves were determined based on the color change of pads and ranged from 3 to 10 min for butylamine, from 4 min to 4 hours for diisopropylamine, from 6 min to 4 hours for triethylamine, and 4 hours for sodium hydroxide. Quantification was performed for butylamine, diisopropylamine, and triethylamine by gas chromatography following solvent desorption. These chemicals exhibited 99% adsorption on the pads at spiking levels of 1.08- 1.11 mu g for each base. The recovery for the system was calculated for each chemical, with results ranging from 50-74%(RSD<=5%) for these bases over the spiking range 0.22-1.11 mu g. The quantitative mass of the bases on the pads at the time of breakthrough detection ranged from 118-121, 117-120, and 109- 116 mu g/cm2for butylamine, diisopropylamine, and triethylamine, respectively. The thermo-hand test method and base indicators together should find utility in detecting, collecting, and quantitatively analyzing base permeation samples under simulated in-use conditions. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Vo, Evanly AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 799 EP - 805 PB - Taylor & Francis Ltd., 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE UK, [mailto:info@tandf.co.uk], [URL:http://www.tandf.co.uk] VL - 1 IS - 12 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Solvents KW - gloves KW - Permeability KW - Protective clothing KW - Hazardous materials KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17714364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Application+of+Colorimetric+Indicators+and+Thermo-Hand+Method+to+Determine+Base+Permeation+Through+Chemical+Protective+Gloves&rft.au=Vo%2C+Evanly&rft.aulast=Vo&rft.aufirst=Evanly&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490887048 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - gloves; Occupational exposure; Solvents; Hazardous materials; Chemicals; Permeability; Protective clothing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490887048 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the SKS registered DPM cassette for monitoring diesel particulate matter in coal mines AN - 16186912; 6145641 AB - In a previous study, the efficacy of commercial and prototype impactors for sampling diesel particulate matter (DPM) in coal mines was investigated. Laboratory and field samples were collected on quartz-fiber filters and analyzed for organic and elemental carbon. Coal dust contributed a minimal amount of elemental carbon when commercial cascade impactors and prototype impactors, designed by the University of Minnesota (UMN) and the US Bureau of Mines (BOM), were used to collect submicrometer dust fractions. Other impactors were not as effective at excluding coal dust. The impactors evaluated in that study were either not commercially available or were multi-stage, expensive, and difficult to use for personal measurements. A commercial version of the BOM impactor, called the DPM Cassette, was recently introduced by SKC registered . Tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the DPM Cassette for measuring diesel-source elemental carbon in the presence of coal dust. Bituminous coals from three mines in two different coal provinces were examined. The dust particle diameters were small and the coal dust contained a high percentage of carbon, thereby giving a worst-case condition for non-anthracite coal mines. Results for the DPM Cassette were essentially identical to those obtained by the BOM impactors in a previous study. At a respirable coal dust concentration of 5.46 mg m super(-3), which is 3.8 times the regulatory limit, the DPM Cassette collected only 34 mu g m super(-3) of coal-source elemental carbon. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Noll, J D AU - Birch, E AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, JIN1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/12// PY - 2004 DA - Dec 2004 SP - 973 EP - 978 VL - 6 IS - 12 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Environmental monitoring KW - Carbon KW - Air sampling KW - Coal KW - Particulates KW - Mines KW - Diesel engines KW - Dust KW - Monitoring instruments KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16186912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+SKS+registered+DPM+cassette+for+monitoring+diesel+particulate+matter+in+coal+mines&rft.au=Noll%2C+J+D%3BBirch%2C+E&rft.aulast=Noll&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-12-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=973&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb410057c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental monitoring; Carbon; Air sampling; Particulates; Coal; Mines; Diesel engines; Dust; Monitoring instruments DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b410057c ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drug labeling; sodium labeling for over-the-counter drugs. Final rule. AN - 67102651; 15570675 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule amending the regulations for sodium labeling for over-the-counter (OTC) drug products by extending the sodium content labeling requirement to rectal drug products containing sodium phosphate/sodium biphosphate (sodium phosphates). FDA is taking this action because people with certain medical conditions are at risk for an electrolyte imbalance to occur when using rectal sodium phosphates products. Serious adverse events and deaths have occurred because of the high level of sodium present in these products. This final rule is part of FDA's ongoing review of OTC drug products. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2004/11/29/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 29 SP - 69278 EP - 69280 VL - 69 IS - 228 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Cathartics KW - 0 KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - Phosphates KW - Sodium KW - 9NEZ333N27 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Cathartics -- adverse effects KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Water-Electrolyte Balance -- drug effects KW - Phosphates -- adverse effects KW - Administration, Rectal KW - Enema -- adverse effects KW - Phosphates -- administration & dosage KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- adverse effects KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Sodium -- administration & dosage KW - Sodium -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67102651?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Drug+labeling%3B+sodium+labeling+for+over-the-counter+drugs.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2004-11-29&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=228&rft.spage=69278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oral administration of an AT1 receptor antagonist prevents the central effects of angiotensin II in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AN - 67029417; 15518636 AB - Peripheral and brain angiotensin II AT(1) receptor blockade decreases high blood pressure, stress, and neuronal injury. To clarify the effects of long-term brain Ang II receptor blockade, the AT(1) blocker, candesartan, was orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) for 40 days, followed by intraventricular injection of 25 ng of Ang II. Before Ang II injection, AT(1) receptor blockade normalized blood pressure and decreased plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone. After central administration of excess Ang II, the reduction of ACTH and corticosterone release induced by AT(1) receptor blockade no longer occurred. Central Ang II administration to vehicle-treated SHRs further increased blood pressure, provoked drinking, increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA expression in the locus coeruleus, and stimulated sympathoadrenal catecholamine release. Pretreatment with the AT(1) receptor antagonist eliminated Ang II-induced increases in blood pressure, water intake, and sympathoadrenal catecholamine release; inhibited peripheral and brain AT(1) receptors; increased AT(2) receptor binding in the locus coeruleus, inferior olive, and adrenal cortex; and decreased AT(2) receptor binding in the adrenal medulla. Inhibition of brain AT(1) receptors correlated with decreased TH transcription in the locus coeruleus, indicating a decreased central sympathetic drive. This, and the diminished adrenomedullary AT(1) and AT(2) receptor stimulation, result in decreased sympathoadrenomedullary stimulation. Oral administration of AT(1) antagonists can effectively block central actions of Ang II, regulating blood pressure and reaction to stress, and selectively and differentially modulating sympathoadrenal response and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stimulation produced by brain Ang II--effects of potential therapeutic importance. JF - Brain research AU - Seltzer, Alicia AU - Bregonzio, Claudia AU - Armando, Inés AU - Baiardi, Gustavo AU - Saavedra, Juan M AD - Section on Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bldg 10, Rm 2D57, 10 Center Dr, MSC-1514, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/11/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 26 SP - 9 EP - 18 VL - 1028 IS - 1 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers KW - 0 KW - Benzimidazoles KW - Catechols KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 KW - Tetrazoles KW - Angiotensin II KW - 11128-99-7 KW - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone KW - 9002-60-2 KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.16.2 KW - candesartan KW - S8Q36MD2XX KW - Corticosterone KW - W980KJ009P KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase -- metabolism KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Drug Interactions KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Adrenal Glands -- drug effects KW - Injections, Intraventricular KW - Rats KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase -- genetics KW - Corticosterone -- blood KW - Catechols -- blood KW - Male KW - Adrenocorticotropic Hormone -- blood KW - Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 -- drug effects KW - Locus Coeruleus -- drug effects KW - Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers -- administration & dosage KW - Benzimidazoles -- administration & dosage KW - Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 -- physiology KW - Angiotensin II -- administration & dosage KW - Locus Coeruleus -- metabolism KW - Blood Pressure -- drug effects KW - Tetrazoles -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67029417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Oral+administration+of+an+AT1+receptor+antagonist+prevents+the+central+effects+of+angiotensin+II+in+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats.&rft.au=Seltzer%2C+Alicia%3BBregonzio%2C+Claudia%3BArmando%2C+In%C3%A9s%3BBaiardi%2C+Gustavo%3BSaavedra%2C+Juan+M&rft.aulast=Seltzer&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rft.date=2004-11-26&rft.volume=1028&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential mutagenicity of riddelliine in liver endothelial and parenchymal cells of transgenic big blue rats. AN - 66987691; 15488633 AB - Riddelliine is a naturally occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloid that induces liver hemangiosarcomas in rats and mice. We previously reported higher levels of DNA adducts in liver endothelial cells than in liver parenchymal cells of riddelliine-treated mice and rats [Cancer Lett. 193 (2003) 119], suggesting that the tumor specificity is due to higher levels of DNA damage in the cells that form hemangosarcomas. In the present study, we evaluated the cell-specificity of riddelliine mutagenicity in rat liver. Female transgenic Big Blue rats were treated by gavage with 0.3 mg riddelliine per kg body weight, 5 days a week for 12 weeks. One day after the last treatment, the rats were sacrificed and liver parenchymal and endothelial cell fractions were isolated and purified. DNA was extracted from the cell fractions and used to assay for mutant frequency (MF) in the cII transgene. While there was no difference in the cII MFs of liver parenchymal cells in control and riddelliine-treated rats, the cII MF of liver endothelial cells from treated rats was significantly greater than the cII MF of endothelial cells from control rats. Molecular analysis of the mutants in liver endothelial cells indicated that G:C-->T:A transversion, a mutation that is characteristically induced by riddelliine, accounted for only 9% of all mutations in control rats, but made up 17% of mutations in treated rats. In contrast, G:C-->A:T transition, the major mutation in control rats where it made up 54% of all mutations, was reduced to 40% of mutations in riddelliine-treated rats. These results suggest that the relatively high mutagenicity of riddelliine in rat liver endothelial cells may be partially responsible for the tumorigenic specificity of this agent. JF - Cancer letters AU - Mei, Nan AU - Chou, Ming W AU - Fu, Peter P AU - Heflich, Robert H AU - Chen, Tao AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. nmei@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11/25/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 25 SP - 151 EP - 158 VL - 215 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids KW - riddelliine KW - 23246-96-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Organ Specificity KW - Animals, Genetically Modified KW - Mutation KW - Female KW - Endothelial Cells -- drug effects KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66987691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Differential+mutagenicity+of+riddelliine+in+liver+endothelial+and+parenchymal+cells+of+transgenic+big+blue+rats.&rft.au=Mei%2C+Nan%3BChou%2C+Ming+W%3BFu%2C+Peter+P%3BHeflich%2C+Robert+H%3BChen%2C+Tao&rft.aulast=Mei&rft.aufirst=Nan&rft.date=2004-11-25&rft.volume=215&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A role of ventral tegmental area glutamate in contextual cue-induced relapse to heroin seeking. AN - 67112103; 15564590 AB - The environmental context previously associated with opiate use plays an important role in human relapse, but the neuronal mechanisms involved in context-induced drug relapse are not known. Using a rat relapse model, we determined the effect of a group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist [LY379268 ((-)-2-oxa-4-aminobicylco hexane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid)] on contextual cue-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking. LY379268, which acts centrally to reduce evoked glutamate release, was injected systemically or directly into the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a brain area involved in opiate reward and conditioned drug effects. Rats were trained to self-administer intravenous heroin for 12 d; drug infusions were paired with a discrete tone-light cue. Subsequently, lever pressing was extinguished in the presence of the discrete cue in a context that differed from the drug self-administration context in terms of visual, auditory, tactile, and circadian cues. After extinction of lever responding, LY379268 was injected systemically or into the VTA, and nonreinforced responding was determined in the extinction context or the drug context. Exposure to the heroin-associated context induced robust reinstatement of drug seeking, and this effect was attenuated by systemic or intra-VTA injections of LY379268. Results indicate that glutamate transmission in the VTA plays an important role in contextual cue-induced relapse to heroin seeking. JF - The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience AU - Bossert, Jennifer M AU - Liu, Shirley Y AU - Lu, Lin AU - Shaham, Yavin AD - Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. Y1 - 2004/11/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 24 SP - 10726 EP - 10730 VL - 24 IS - 47 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic KW - LY 379268 KW - Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate KW - metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 KW - metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 KW - Glutamic Acid KW - 3KX376GY7L KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Extinction, Psychological KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Cues KW - Substantia Nigra -- physiology KW - Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate -- physiology KW - Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate -- agonists KW - Injections KW - Recurrence KW - Male KW - Amino Acids -- administration & dosage KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic -- pharmacology KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic -- administration & dosage KW - Heroin Dependence -- physiopathology KW - Glutamic Acid -- physiology KW - Amino Acids -- pharmacology KW - Ventral Tegmental Area -- drug effects KW - Ventral Tegmental Area -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67112103?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=A+role+of+ventral+tegmental+area+glutamate+in+contextual+cue-induced+relapse+to+heroin+seeking.&rft.au=Bossert%2C+Jennifer+M%3BLiu%2C+Shirley+Y%3BLu%2C+Lin%3BShaham%2C+Yavin&rft.aulast=Bossert&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2004-11-24&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=47&rft.spage=10726&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Neuroscience&rft.issn=1529-2401&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-05 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical devices; clinical chemistry and clinical toxicology devices; classification of newborn screening test systems for amino acids, free carnitine, and acylcarnitines using tandem mass spectrometry. Final rule. AN - 67101405; 15562554 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying newborn screening test systems for amino acids, free carnitine, and acylcarnitines using tandem mass spectrometry into class II (special controls). The special control that will apply to the device is the guidance document entitled "Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Newborn Screening Test Systems for Amino Acids, Free Carnitine, and Acylcarnitines Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry." The agency is taking this action in response to a petition submitted under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) as amended by the Medical Device Amendments of 1976, the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990, the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997, and the Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act of 2002. The agency is classifying the device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is publishing a notice of availability of a guidance document that is the special control for this device. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2004/11/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 24 SP - 68254 EP - 68255 VL - 69 IS - 226 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Carnitine KW - S7UI8SM58A KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Equipment Safety -- classification KW - Equipment Design -- classification KW - Carnitine -- blood KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Metabolism, Inborn Errors -- blood KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Carnitine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Amino Acids -- blood KW - Chemistry, Clinical -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Mass Spectrometry -- instrumentation KW - Mass Spectrometry -- classification KW - Neonatal Screening -- classification KW - Toxicology -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Chemistry, Clinical -- instrumentation KW - Toxicology -- instrumentation KW - Toxicology -- classification KW - Neonatal Screening -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Neonatal Screening -- instrumentation KW - Chemistry, Clinical -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67101405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Medical+devices%3B+clinical+chemistry+and+clinical+toxicology+devices%3B+classification+of+newborn+screening+test+systems+for+amino+acids%2C+free+carnitine%2C+and+acylcarnitines+using+tandem+mass+spectrometry.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2004-11-24&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=226&rft.spage=68254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Novel methods: Detection of peanut allergen proteins in food matrices by LC/MS AN - 39921833; 3891257 AU - Musser, S M Y1 - 2004/11/19/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39921833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Novel+methods%3A+Detection+of+peanut+allergen+proteins+in+food+matrices+by+LC%2FMS&rft.au=Musser%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Musser&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Amer. Assn. of Cereal Chemists, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, Minnesota 55121-2097, USA; phone: (651) 454-7250; fax: (651) 454-0766; email: aacc@scisoc.org; URL: www.aaccnet.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - On-resin urea cyclization of diamines using triphosgene AN - 39873919; 3891321 AU - Hurevich, M AU - Barda, Y AU - Gilon, C Y1 - 2004/11/19/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39873919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=On-resin+urea+cyclization+of+diamines+using+triphosgene&rft.au=Hurevich%2C+M%3BBarda%2C+Y%3BGilon%2C+C&rft.aulast=Hurevich&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kenes International, 17 rue de Cendrier, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland; URL: www.kenes.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Metal backbone cyclization: Novel 99MTC labeled GNRH analog as potential spect molecular imaging agent in cancer AN - 39833179; 3890963 AU - Barda, Y AU - Cohen, N AU - Lev, V AU - Ben-Aroya, N AU - Koch, Y AU - Mishani, E AU - Fridkin, M AU - Gilon, C Y1 - 2004/11/19/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39833179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Metal+backbone+cyclization%3A+Novel+99MTC+labeled+GNRH+analog+as+potential+spect+molecular+imaging+agent+in+cancer&rft.au=Barda%2C+Y%3BCohen%2C+N%3BLev%2C+V%3BBen-Aroya%2C+N%3BKoch%2C+Y%3BMishani%2C+E%3BFridkin%2C+M%3BGilon%2C+C&rft.aulast=Barda&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-11-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Kenes International, 17 rue de Cendrier, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland; URL: www.kenes.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of multiclass methods for drug residues in eggs: silica SPE cleanup and LC-MS/MS analysis of ionophore and macrolide residues. AN - 67062305; 15537285 AB - A method was developed that is suitable for screening eggs for a variety of nonpolar residues in a single procedure. Residues are extracted by silica solid-phase extraction (SPE). Analysis is conducted via reverse-phase gradient liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization, and tandem ion trap mass spectrometry. For screening purposes (based on a single precursor-product ion transition) the method can detect ionophore (lasalocid, monensin, salinomycin, narasin) and macrolide (erythromycin, tylosin) residues in egg at approximately 1 ng/mL (ppb) and above and novobiocin residues at approximately 3 ppb and above. Conditions are described for confirmatory analysis based on multiple ions in the product ion spectrum. The extraction efficiency for ionophores was estimated at 60-85%, depending on drug. Recovery of macrolides and novobiocin was not as good (estimated at 40-55% after a hexane wash of the final extract was included), but the method consistently screened and confirmed these residues at concentrations below the target of 10 ppb. The method was applied to eggs from hens dosed with each drug individually. Lasalocid was found to have the highest probability of detection in eggs based on its high ionization efficiency and higher rate of deposition relative to the other drugs. The method is part of a larger scheme to provide surveillance methods for a wide variety of drug residues in eggs. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Heller, David N AU - Nochetto, Cristina B AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. dheller@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11/17/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 17 SP - 6848 EP - 6856 VL - 52 IS - 23 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Ionophores KW - 0 KW - Macrolides KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Macrolides -- analysis KW - Ionophores -- analysis KW - Eggs -- analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67062305?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Development+of+multiclass+methods+for+drug+residues+in+eggs%3A+silica+SPE+cleanup+and+LC-MS%2FMS+analysis+of+ionophore+and+macrolide+residues.&rft.au=Heller%2C+David+N%3BNochetto%2C+Cristina+B&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-11-17&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=6848&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-20 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alcohol use disorders and mood disorders: a National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism perspective. AN - 67093184; 15556112 JF - Biological psychiatry AU - Li, Ting-Kai AU - Hewitt, Brenda G AU - Grant, Bridget F AD - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 2000, Bethesda, MD 20892-9304, USA. Y1 - 2004/11/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 15 SP - 718 EP - 720 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 0006-3223, 0006-3223 KW - Index Medicus KW - Models, Psychological KW - Humans KW - National Institutes of Health (U.S.) KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Research KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Research Design KW - Comorbidity KW - Risk Assessment KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Mood Disorders -- complications KW - Mood Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Alcoholism -- genetics KW - Alcoholism -- complications KW - Mood Disorders -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67093184?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+psychiatry&rft.atitle=Alcohol+use+disorders+and+mood+disorders%3A+a+National+Institute+on+Alcohol+Abuse+and+Alcoholism+perspective.&rft.au=Li%2C+Ting-Kai%3BHewitt%2C+Brenda+G%3BGrant%2C+Bridget+F&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Ting-Kai&rft.date=2004-11-15&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=718&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+psychiatry&rft.issn=00063223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Co-occurring disorders and achieving recovery: the substance abuse and mental health services administration perspective. AN - 67091961; 15556113 JF - Biological psychiatry AU - Power, Kathryn AU - Demartino, Robert AD - Center for Mental Health Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 15-105, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 2004/11/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 15 SP - 721 EP - 722 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 0006-3223, 0006-3223 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Government Agencies KW - Research KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Comorbidity KW - Mental Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Mental Disorders -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67091961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+psychiatry&rft.atitle=Co-occurring+disorders+and+achieving+recovery%3A+the+substance+abuse+and+mental+health+services+administration+perspective.&rft.au=Power%2C+Kathryn%3BDemartino%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Power&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft.date=2004-11-15&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=721&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+psychiatry&rft.issn=00063223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION HEADQUARTERS CONSOLIDATION, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND (DRAFT SUPPLEMENT TO THE FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF April 1997). [Part 1 of 1] T2 - U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION HEADQUARTERS CONSOLIDATION, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND (DRAFT SUPPLEMENT TO THE FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF April 1997). AN - 36365915; 11243-040522_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The consolidation of the headquarters facilities of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Office of the Commissioner, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research to a state-of-the-art facility on one location in Silver Spring, Montgomery County, Maryland is proposed. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, were considered in the final EIS of April 1997. Under the preferred alternative, the headquarters would be consolidated to a facility at the Federal Research Center (FRC) at White Oak. This facility would include a compact layout, utilizing medium-rise buildings clustered on approximately 130 acres. A 40-acre remote parking lot and a new access road to Cherry Hill Road would be constructed. The other action alternative would involve the reuse of the existing White Oak facilities. Since the Final EIS, changes in the FDA's program have occurred, resulting in some changes to the master plan for the headquarters; these are addressed in this draft supplement to the final EIS. Changes include the construction of a new eastern access road to and through the FRC; construction of a new bridge over Paint Branch; construction of facilities identified as future expansion in the 2002 Revised FDA master plan to accommodate the increase of employees from 5,947 to 7,720; and modification of the placement of a day care center from the front to the rear of the FDA campus. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The action proposed in the final EIS would provide a consolidated facility for the FDA. The consolidation would improve administrative and operational efficiency and facilitate communication and interaction among staff. The state-of-the-art laboratories and buildings would provide flexibility for the FDA to quickly and economically respond to changing priorities and programs and advances in science and technology through modular planning and systems flexibility. The new facilities would improve safety and reduce potential hazards through careful design of the laboratories, animal rooms, offices, and support spaces, including adequate processing and storage areas for wastes. The new facilities would also improve energy efficiency through heat recovery strategies, central power plant efficiencies, site placement and landscaping, and an efficient building envelope, form, and operation. A quality workplaceenvironment would also improve FDA's opportunities to recruit and retain high quality employees. The actions proposed in this supplemental EIS would alleviate traffic on New Hampshire Avenue; replace the deteriorating Dahlgren Road bridge over Paint Branch; provide facilities for the new and expanded programs that are part of FDA's mission, and offer added security for the day care centers. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The action proposed in the final EIS would involve the demolition of all existing buildings within the 130-acre development area. Construction on steep slopes and highly erodable soils produces the potential for soil erosion at rates greater than that which would occur under natural conditions. The erosion of soils on steep slopes could lead to sedimentation in on-site streams. The cumulative adverse impacts to water resources on the White Oak site would include increased levels of sedimentation, pollutants, and thermal loading in streams on and around the site. Up to 25 acres of forest land would be cleared for construction. The use of pesticides and fertilizers to maintain lawns and landscaping on the site could adversely affect groundwater quality. There would be some cumulative adverse impacts to wetlands on the White Oak site due to on- and off-site development. Increases in flooding, erosion, and sediment loads would be anticipated to adversely affect existing wetlands. Development around the site would increase the amounts of airborne pollutants that are harmful to vegetation. Sulfur dioxide (resulting from burning fossil fuels for energy or heating) and ozone (resulting from a combination of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen with unburned hydrocarbons from automobile exhausts) could cause dieback and general decline in vegetated areas. On-site habitats could be adversely affected by these pollutants. Asbestos has been identified in many of the buildings which would be designated for demolition or renovation with the proposed project area. Under the actions proposed in this supplemental EIS, traffic patterns in the vicinity of the FDC would deteriorate in some areas. Construction activities would occur in the Paint Branch and West Farm Branch streambeds and would require demolition of historically significant structures. LEGAL MANDATES: National Capital Planning Act of 1952 (40 U.S.C. 71d(a)) and National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the draft and final EISs, see 96-0183D, Volume 20, Number 2 and 97-0143F, Volume 21, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 040522, 267 pages and maps, November 5, 2004 PY - 2004 VL - 1 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Buildings KW - Employment KW - Forests KW - Health Hazards KW - Section 106 Statements KW - Land Use KW - Parking KW - Public Health KW - Research Facilities KW - Maryland KW - National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, Historic Sites KW - National Capital Planning Act of 1952, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36365915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-11-05&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=U.S.+FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+HEADQUARTERS+CONSOLIDATION%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+FINAL+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+April+1997%29.&rft.title=U.S.+FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+HEADQUARTERS+CONSOLIDATION%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+FINAL+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+April+1997%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - General Services Administration, Washington, District of Columbia; GSA N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 5, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION HEADQUARTERS CONSOLIDATION, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, MARYLAND (DRAFT SUPPLEMENT TO THE FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF April 1997). AN - 16359075; 11243 AB - PURPOSE: The consolidation of the headquarters facilities of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Office of the Commissioner, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, the Center for Devices and Radiological Health, and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research to a state-of-the-art facility on one location in Silver Spring, Montgomery County, Maryland is proposed. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative, were considered in the final EIS of April 1997. Under the preferred alternative, the headquarters would be consolidated to a facility at the Federal Research Center (FRC) at White Oak. This facility would include a compact layout, utilizing medium-rise buildings clustered on approximately 130 acres. A 40-acre remote parking lot and a new access road to Cherry Hill Road would be constructed. The other action alternative would involve the reuse of the existing White Oak facilities. Since the Final EIS, changes in the FDA's program have occurred, resulting in some changes to the master plan for the headquarters; these are addressed in this draft supplement to the final EIS. Changes include the construction of a new eastern access road to and through the FRC; construction of a new bridge over Paint Branch; construction of facilities identified as future expansion in the 2002 Revised FDA master plan to accommodate the increase of employees from 5,947 to 7,720; and modification of the placement of a day care center from the front to the rear of the FDA campus. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The action proposed in the final EIS would provide a consolidated facility for the FDA. The consolidation would improve administrative and operational efficiency and facilitate communication and interaction among staff. The state-of-the-art laboratories and buildings would provide flexibility for the FDA to quickly and economically respond to changing priorities and programs and advances in science and technology through modular planning and systems flexibility. The new facilities would improve safety and reduce potential hazards through careful design of the laboratories, animal rooms, offices, and support spaces, including adequate processing and storage areas for wastes. The new facilities would also improve energy efficiency through heat recovery strategies, central power plant efficiencies, site placement and landscaping, and an efficient building envelope, form, and operation. A quality workplaceenvironment would also improve FDA's opportunities to recruit and retain high quality employees. The actions proposed in this supplemental EIS would alleviate traffic on New Hampshire Avenue; replace the deteriorating Dahlgren Road bridge over Paint Branch; provide facilities for the new and expanded programs that are part of FDA's mission, and offer added security for the day care centers. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The action proposed in the final EIS would involve the demolition of all existing buildings within the 130-acre development area. Construction on steep slopes and highly erodable soils produces the potential for soil erosion at rates greater than that which would occur under natural conditions. The erosion of soils on steep slopes could lead to sedimentation in on-site streams. The cumulative adverse impacts to water resources on the White Oak site would include increased levels of sedimentation, pollutants, and thermal loading in streams on and around the site. Up to 25 acres of forest land would be cleared for construction. The use of pesticides and fertilizers to maintain lawns and landscaping on the site could adversely affect groundwater quality. There would be some cumulative adverse impacts to wetlands on the White Oak site due to on- and off-site development. Increases in flooding, erosion, and sediment loads would be anticipated to adversely affect existing wetlands. Development around the site would increase the amounts of airborne pollutants that are harmful to vegetation. Sulfur dioxide (resulting from burning fossil fuels for energy or heating) and ozone (resulting from a combination of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen with unburned hydrocarbons from automobile exhausts) could cause dieback and general decline in vegetated areas. On-site habitats could be adversely affected by these pollutants. Asbestos has been identified in many of the buildings which would be designated for demolition or renovation with the proposed project area. Under the actions proposed in this supplemental EIS, traffic patterns in the vicinity of the FDC would deteriorate in some areas. Construction activities would occur in the Paint Branch and West Farm Branch streambeds and would require demolition of historically significant structures. LEGAL MANDATES: National Capital Planning Act of 1952 (40 U.S.C. 71d(a)) and National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 470 et seq.). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstracts of the draft and final EISs, see 96-0183D, Volume 20, Number 2 and 97-0143F, Volume 21, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 040522, 267 pages and maps, November 5, 2004 PY - 2004 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Buildings KW - Employment KW - Forests KW - Health Hazards KW - Section 106 Statements KW - Land Use KW - Parking KW - Public Health KW - Research Facilities KW - Maryland KW - National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, Historic Sites KW - National Capital Planning Act of 1952, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16359075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-11-05&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=U.S.+FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+HEADQUARTERS+CONSOLIDATION%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+FINAL+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+April+1997%29.&rft.title=U.S.+FOOD+AND+DRUG+ADMINISTRATION+HEADQUARTERS+CONSOLIDATION%2C+MONTGOMERY+COUNTY%2C+MARYLAND+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+FINAL+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+April+1997%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - General Services Administration, Washington, District of Columbia; GSA N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: November 5, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression, purification, and biochemical characterization of the antiinflammatory tristetraprolin: a zinc-dependent mRNA binding protein affected by posttranslational modifications. AN - 67004324; 15504035 AB - Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a hyperphosphorylated protein that destabilizes mRNA by binding to an AU-rich element (ARE). Mice deficient in TTP develop a severe inflammatory syndrome. The biochemical properties of TTP have not been adequately characterized, due to the difficulties in protein purification and lack of a high-titer antiserum. Full-length human TTP was expressed in human HEK293 cells and purified to at least 70% homogeneity. The purified protein was free of endogenous ARE binding activity, and was used for investigating its size, zinc dependency, and binding kinetics for tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA ARE. A high-titer rabbit antiserum was raised against the MBP-hTTP fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli. Cellular localization studies of the transfected cells indicated that approximately 80% of the expressed TTP was in the cytosol, with 20% in the nuclei. TTP from both locations bound to the ARE and formed similar complexes. The purified TTP was shown to be intact by N-terminal His-tag purification, C-terminal peptide sequencing, and mass spectrometry analysis. Results from size exclusion chromatography are consistent with the predominant form of active TTP being a tetramer. TTP's ARE binding activity was increased by 10 microM Zn(2+). The half-maximal binding of TTP from HEK293 cells was approximately 30 nM in assays containing 10 nM ARE. This value was about twice that of TTP from E. coli. TTP from HEK293 cells was highly phosphorylated, and its electrophoretic mobility was increased by alkaline phosphatase treatment and somewhat by T271A mutation, but not by PNGase F or S186A mutation. The gel mobility of TTP from E. coli was decreased by in vitro phosphorylation with p42/ERK2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. These results suggest that TTP's zinc-dependent ARE binding affinity is reduced by half by posttranslational modifications, mainly by phosphorylation but not by glycosylation, in mammalian cells. The results support a model in which each subunit of the TTP tetramer binds to one of the five overlapping UUAUUUAUU sequences of the ARE, resulting in a stable TTP-ARE complex. JF - Biochemistry AU - Cao, Heping AD - Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. cao2@niehs.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/11/02/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 02 SP - 13724 EP - 13738 VL - 43 IS - 43 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - 0 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Immediate-Early Proteins KW - Immune Sera KW - Inflammation Mediators KW - Maltose-Binding Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - RNA-Binding Proteins KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Tristetraprolin KW - ZFP36 protein, human KW - Zfp36 protein, mouse KW - Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate KW - 368GB5141J KW - Edetic Acid KW - 9G34HU7RV0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Carrier Proteins -- chemistry KW - Carrier Proteins -- immunology KW - Humans KW - Carrier Proteins -- genetics KW - Molecular Weight KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- chemistry KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Phosphorylation KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- genetics KW - Edetic Acid -- chemistry KW - Immune Sera -- chemistry KW - Immune Sera -- biosynthesis KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- immunology KW - Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate -- chemistry KW - Mice KW - Plasmids KW - Carrier Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid KW - Transfection KW - Kinetics KW - Protein Binding -- genetics KW - Cell Line KW - Inflammation Mediators -- isolation & purification KW - RNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - RNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- chemistry KW - Immediate-Early Proteins -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Inflammation Mediators -- immunology KW - Immediate-Early Proteins -- chemistry KW - RNA-Binding Proteins -- chemistry KW - RNA-Binding Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Immediate-Early Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Inflammation Mediators -- metabolism KW - Immediate-Early Proteins -- genetics KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Protein Processing, Post-Translational -- genetics KW - Zinc Fingers -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Inflammation Mediators -- chemistry KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67004324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Expression%2C+purification%2C+and+biochemical+characterization+of+the+antiinflammatory+tristetraprolin%3A+a+zinc-dependent+mRNA+binding+protein+affected+by+posttranslational+modifications.&rft.au=Cao%2C+Heping&rft.aulast=Cao&rft.aufirst=Heping&rft.date=2004-11-02&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=43&rft.spage=13724&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - 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Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vocabulary competence in first- and secondborn siblings of the same chronological age. AN - 85375216; pmid-15658749 AB - We explored vocabulary competence in 55 firstborn and secondborn sibling pairs when each child reached 1;8 using multiple measures of maternal report, child speech, and experimenter assessment. Measures from each of the three sources were interrelated. Firstborns' vocabulary competence exceeded secondborns' only in maternal reports, not in child speech or in experimenter assessments. Firstborn girls outperformed boys on all vocabulary competence measures, and secondborn girls outperformed boys on most measures. Vocabulary competence was independent of the gender composition and, generally, of the age difference in sibling pairs. Vocabulary competence in firstborns and secondborns was only weakly related. JF - Journal of child language AU - Bornstein, Marc H AU - Leach, Diane B AU - Haynes, O Maurice AD - Child and Family Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-7971, USA. Marc_H_Bornstein@nih.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 855 EP - 873 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0305-0009, 0305-0009 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - *Birth Order KW - *Child Language KW - Female KW - Humans KW - Infant KW - Judgment KW - *Language Development KW - Male KW - Mothers: psychology KW - Sex Factors KW - *Siblings: psychology KW - *Vocabulary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85375216?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+child+language&rft.atitle=Vocabulary+competence+in+first-+and+secondborn+siblings+of+the+same+chronological+age.&rft.au=Bornstein%2C+Marc+H%3BLeach%2C+Diane+B%3BHaynes%2C+O+Maurice&rft.aulast=Bornstein&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=855&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+child+language&rft.issn=03050009&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Power injectors put i.v. lines under pressure. AN - 67242123; 15686310 JF - Nursing AU - Eakle, Melissa AU - Lange, Susan AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 29 VL - 34 IS - 11 SN - 0360-4039, 0360-4039 KW - Contrast Media KW - 0 KW - Nursing KW - Humans KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed KW - Contrast Media -- administration & dosage KW - Equipment Failure KW - Pressure KW - Infusions, Intravenous -- nursing KW - Injections, Intravenous -- methods KW - Injections, Intravenous -- nursing KW - Injections, Intravenous -- adverse effects KW - Infusions, Intravenous -- adverse effects KW - Infusions, Intravenous -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67242123?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nursing&rft.atitle=Power+injectors+put+i.v.+lines+under+pressure.&rft.au=Eakle%2C+Melissa%3BLange%2C+Susan&rft.aulast=Eakle&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nursing&rft.issn=03604039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tardive dyskinesia risks and metoclopramide use before and after U.S. market withdrawal of cisapride. AN - 67227822; 15637848 AB - To assess risk factors for tardive dyskinesia (TD) in spontaneous reports of metoclopramide and TD and evaluate metoclopramide prescribing patterns before and after withdrawal of cisapride from the market in the United States. Retrospective and observational analyses. International metoclopramide adverse event reports and domestic drug-use data for the continental United States. Users of metoclopramide for 30 days or more who experienced adverse events reported as TD. Analyses of the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) and IMS HEALTH data. Pharmacoepidemiological patterns in AERS reports and utilization data from IMS HEALTH. The case series comprised 87 reports of primarily older (mean+/-SD, 60+/-22 years ) women (67% of all cases). While average metoclopramide daily dose (33+/-14 mg) was within recommended product labeling limits, duration of use was considerably longer (753+/-951 days). Overall, 37% of the reports included concomitant drugs believed to be TD risk factors. Similarly, 18% of the reports noted comorbid diseases that are considered risk factors for development of TD. Metoclopramide utilization decreased following cisapride marketing in 1993 and increased following cisapride withdrawal in 2000. The majority (62%) of metoclopramide prescriptions were intended for women. Intended use overall increased with age and was highest in the seventh and eighth decades, with nearly one quarter of all utilization being in persons older than 70 years. Well-described TD risk factors were common in metoclopramide-associated TD reports. Given the cisapride market withdrawal and associated increased metoclopramide utilization, the incidence of TD may increase accordingly. TD risk factors relative to the intended benefit and duration of use should be considered in metoclopramide prescribing. JF - Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA AU - Shaffer, Douglas AU - Butterfield, Marian AU - Pamer, Carol AU - Mackey, Ann Corken AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. PY - 2004 SP - 661 EP - 665 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 1544-3191, 1544-3191 KW - Metoclopramide KW - L4YEB44I46 KW - Cisapride KW - UVL329170W KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Drug Utilization KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Cisapride -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Cisapride -- administration & dosage KW - Metoclopramide -- administration & dosage KW - Akathisia, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Metoclopramide -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67227822?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmacists+Association+%3A+JAPhA&rft.atitle=Tardive+dyskinesia+risks+and+metoclopramide+use+before+and+after+U.S.+market+withdrawal+of+cisapride.&rft.au=Shaffer%2C+Douglas%3BButterfield%2C+Marian%3BPamer%2C+Carol%3BMackey%2C+Ann+Corken&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Pharmacists+Association+%3A+JAPhA&rft.issn=15443191&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-04 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2005 Jul-Aug;45(4):420 [16128491] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predictors of treatment receipt among adults with a drug use disorder. AN - 67209083; 15624552 AB - This study used data from the 2000 and 2001 National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse to examine factors that contribute to the receipt of specialty substance abuse treatment, which is defined as treatment in rehabilitation facilities, hospitals, or mental health centers designed to help stop or reduce drug use. The population examined was a nationally representative sample of 3291 adults aged 18 or older with a drug use disorder in the past 12 months. Data were collected by computer-assisted interviews using a combination of computer-assisted personal interviews conducted by the interviewer and audio computer-assisted self-interviewing guided by the computer and respondent. Using descriptive analyses and multivariate logistic regression models, this study compared sociodemographic, substance abuse, and psychosocial characteristics of those receiving treatment with those not receiving treatment; it also examined the factors that influenced treatment receipt while controlling for potential confounders. Characteristics significantly contributing to treatment receipt among adults with a drug use disorder included the following: a woman without social support; a high school graduate with no college education; those receiving insurance through Medicaid or a state Children's Health Insurance Program; those on probation, parole, or supervised release in the past year; a daily smoker of cigarettes; those meeting at least three criteria for drug dependence; those having past year dependence on or abuse of alcohol; and those receiving any mental health treatment or counseling in the past year. Adults associated with the criminal justice system had a different pattern of treatment predictors from those who were not involved with the criminal justice system. JF - The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse AU - Epstein, Joan F AU - Hourani, Laurel L AU - Heller, David C AD - Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 841 EP - 869 VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0095-2990, 0095-2990 KW - Street Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Probability KW - Computers KW - Humans KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Interview, Psychological KW - Logistic Models KW - Smoking Cessation KW - Adult KW - Health Surveys KW - Mathematical Computing KW - Crime -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent KW - Crime -- psychology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Resource Allocation -- statistics & numerical data KW - Referral and Consultation -- statistics & numerical data KW - Alcoholism -- rehabilitation KW - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers -- statistics & numerical data KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Health Services Accessibility -- statistics & numerical data KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67209083?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+drug+and+alcohol+abuse&rft.atitle=Predictors+of+treatment+receipt+among+adults+with+a+drug+use+disorder.&rft.au=Epstein%2C+Joan+F%3BHourani%2C+Laurel+L%3BHeller%2C+David+C&rft.aulast=Epstein&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+drug+and+alcohol+abuse&rft.issn=00952990&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human health impact from antimicrobial use in food animals. AN - 67198020; 15620055 AB - There is accumulating evidence that the use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals has adverse human health consequences. The use of antibiotics in food animals selects for resistant pathogens and resistance genes that may be transferred to humans through the consumption or handling of foods of animal origin. Recent studies have demonstrated that antimicrobial-resistance among foodborne bacteria may cause excess cases of illness, prolonged duration of illness, and increased rates of bacteremia, hospitalization, and death. The continued availability of safe and effective antimicrobials for humans and animals depends upon the responsible use of these products. JF - Medecine et maladies infectieuses AU - Tollefson, Linda AU - Karp, Beth E AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food and Drug Administration, 7519 Standish Place, Rockville, MD 20855, USA. ltollefs@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 514 EP - 521 VL - 34 IS - 11 SN - 0399-077X, 0399-077X KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Bacterial Infections -- transmission KW - Animal Feed KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- adverse effects KW - Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67198020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medecine+et+maladies+infectieuses&rft.atitle=Human+health+impact+from+antimicrobial+use+in+food+animals.&rft.au=Tollefson%2C+Linda%3BKarp%2C+Beth+E&rft.aulast=Tollefson&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=514&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medecine+et+maladies+infectieuses&rft.issn=0399077X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Med Mal Infect. 2005 Feb;35(2):105-6 [15780903] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of immature Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) on rodent reservoirs of Borrelia burgdorferi in a residential community of southeastern Connecticut. AN - 67186344; 15605643 AB - A 3-yr community-based study was conducted on residential properties on Mason's Island, Mystic, CT, to determine the efficacy of a rodent-targeted acaricide (fipronil) to control immature Ixodes scapularis (Say) on Peromyscus leucopus. Results indicated that modified commercial bait boxes were effective as an acaricide delivery method for reducing nymphal and larval tick infestations on white-footed mice by 68 and 84%, respectively. Passive application of fipronil significantly reduced the infection rate of Borrelia burgdorferi among white-footed mice by 53%. Moreover, the abundance of questing I. scapularis adults on treated properties was reduced by 77% and fewer were infected with spirochetes (31%) compared with untreated sites (47%) after 3 yr of treatment. Likewise, the abundance of host-seeking nymphs was significantly reduced on treated properties by >50%. Finally, infection rates in flagged nymphal ticks for both B. burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were reduced by 67 and 64%, respectively, after only 2 yr of treatment. Results from this 3-yr trial indicate that the use of fipronil passively applied to reservoir animals by bait boxes is an environmentally acceptable means to control ticks, interrupt the natural disease transmission cycle, and reduce the risk of Lyme disease for residents of treated properties. JF - Journal of medical entomology AU - Dolan, Marc C AU - Maupin, Gary O AU - Schneider, Bradley S AU - Denatale, Christopher AU - Hamon, Nick AU - Cole, Chuck AU - Zeidner, Nordin S AU - Stafford, Kirby C AD - Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Centers for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 1043 EP - 1054 VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0022-2585, 0022-2585 KW - Insecticides KW - 0 KW - Pyrazoles KW - fipronil KW - QGH063955F KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Mice -- parasitology KW - Disease Reservoirs KW - Tick Control KW - Connecticut KW - Ixodes -- growth & development KW - Rodentia -- parasitology KW - Ixodes -- microbiology KW - Borrelia burgdorferi -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67186344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.atitle=Control+of+immature+Ixodes+scapularis+%28Acari%3A+Ixodidae%29+on+rodent+reservoirs+of+Borrelia+burgdorferi+in+a+residential+community+of+southeastern+Connecticut.&rft.au=Dolan%2C+Marc+C%3BMaupin%2C+Gary+O%3BSchneider%2C+Bradley+S%3BDenatale%2C+Christopher%3BHamon%2C+Nick%3BCole%2C+Chuck%3BZeidner%2C+Nordin+S%3BStafford%2C+Kirby+C&rft.aulast=Dolan&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1043&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+medical+entomology&rft.issn=00222585&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using decision forest to classify prostate cancer samples on the basis of SELDI-TOF MS data: assessing chance correlation and prediction confidence. AN - 67176852; 15598613 AB - Class prediction using "omics" data is playing an increasing role in toxicogenomics, diagnosis/prognosis, and risk assessment. These data are usually noisy and represented by relatively few samples and a very large number of predictor variables (e.g., genes of DNA microarray data or m/z peaks of mass spectrometry data). These characteristics manifest the importance of assessing potential random correlation and overfitting of noise for a classification model based on omics data. We present a novel classification method, decision forest (DF), for class prediction using omics data. DF combines the results of multiple heterogeneous but comparable decision tree (DT) models to produce a consensus prediction. The method is less prone to overfitting of noise and chance correlation. A DF model was developed to predict presence of prostate cancer using a proteomic data set generated from surface-enhanced laser deposition/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). The degree of chance correlation and prediction confidence of the model was rigorously assessed by extensive cross-validation and randomization testing. Comparison of model prediction with imposed random correlation demonstrated biologic relevance of the model and the reduction of overfitting in DF. Furthermore, two confidence levels (high and low confidences) were assigned to each prediction, where most misclassifications were associated with the low-confidence region. For the high-confidence prediction, the model achieved 99.2% sensitivity and 98.2% specificity. The model also identified a list of significant peaks that could be useful for biomarker identification. DF should be equally applicable to other omics data such as gene expression data or metabolomic data. The DF algorithm is available upon request. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Tong, Weida AU - Xie, Qian AU - Hong, Huixiao AU - Shi, Leming AU - Fang, Hong AU - Perkins, Roger AU - Petricoin, Emanuel F AD - Center for Toxicoinformatics, Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, HFT020, Jefferson, AK 72079, USA. wtong@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 1622 EP - 1627 VL - 112 IS - 16 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Humans KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Male KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization -- methods KW - Decision Support Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67176852?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Using+decision+forest+to+classify+prostate+cancer+samples+on+the+basis+of+SELDI-TOF+MS+data%3A+assessing+chance+correlation+and+prediction+confidence.&rft.au=Tong%2C+Weida%3BXie%2C+Qian%3BHong%2C+Huixiao%3BShi%2C+Leming%3BFang%2C+Hong%3BPerkins%2C+Roger%3BPetricoin%2C+Emanuel+F&rft.aulast=Tong&rft.aufirst=Weida&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1622&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jan 4;97(1):262-7 [10618406] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 1;100(7):4168-72 [12642676] Nat Med. 2001 Jun;7(6):673-9 [11385503] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jun 5;98(12):6730-5 [11381113] Lancet. 2002 Feb 16;359(9306):572-7 [11867112] Bioinformatics. 2002 Mar;18(3):395-404 [11934738] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 14;99(10):6562-6 [11983868] Cancer Res. 2002 Jul 1;62(13):3609-14 [12097261] Bioinformatics. 2002 Jul;18(7):961-70 [12117794] Clin Chem. 2002 Oct;48(10):1835-43 [12324514] J Natl Cancer Inst. 2002 Oct 16;94(20):1576-8 [12381711] Nat Genet. 2002 Dec;32 Suppl:502-8 [12454645] J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Jan 1;95(1):14-8 [12509396] J Chem Inf Comput Sci. 2003 Mar-Apr;43(2):525-31 [12653517] Clin Chem. 2003 Aug;49(8):1272-5 [12881441] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Aug 5;100(16):9608-13 [12869696] Environ Toxicol Chem. 2003 Aug;22(8):1680-95 [12924570] J Comput Biol. 2000;7(3-4):559-83 [11108479] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lubberts effect in columnar phosphors. AN - 67169332; 15587665 AB - Noise transfer in granular x-ray imaging phosphor screens is not proportional to the square of the magnitude of the signal transfer when the transfer properties are considered for the entire screen thickness, unless appropriately weighted at each depth of interaction. This property, known as the Lubberts effect, has not yet been studied in columnar structured screens because of a lack of a generalized description of the depth-dependent light transport. In this paper, we investigate the signal and noise transfer characteristics of columnar phosphors used in digital mammography detectors using DETECT-II, an optical Monte Carlo light transport simulation code. We first validate our choice of optical parameters for the description of granular and columnar screens using published normalized modulation transfer (MTF) experimental data. Our calculations of MTF match empirically measured MTFs for a granular film/screen analog system, and for an indirect x-ray digital imaging system with CsI:Tl screen representative of digital mammography systems. Using the depth-dependent spread functions and collection efficiencies, we calculate the signal and noise transfer functions and the Lubberts fraction, which is the ratio of the signal transfer function to the noise transfer function, for different screen thicknesses of granular and columnar phosphors. We find that the Lubberts fraction of a 85 microm granular screen model corresponding to a Gd2O2S:Tb screen is similar to the fraction for a 100 microm columnar CsI:Tl screen. JF - Medical physics AU - Badano, Aldo AU - Gagne, Robert M AU - Gallas, Brandon D AU - Jennings, Robert J AU - Boswell, Jonathan S AU - Myers, Kyle J AD - Laboratory for the Assessment of Medical Imaging Systems, Center for Devices and Radiological Health (FDA) and National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIH), Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. aldo.badano@fda.hhs.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 3122 EP - 3131 VL - 31 IS - 11 SN - 0094-2405, 0094-2405 KW - Phosphorus KW - 27YLU75U4W KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Computer Simulation KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Radiometry -- instrumentation KW - Equipment Failure Analysis -- methods KW - X-Ray Intensifying Screens KW - Radiographic Image Enhancement -- instrumentation KW - Phosphorus -- radiation effects KW - Radiographic Image Enhancement -- methods KW - Radiometry -- methods KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67169332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+physics&rft.atitle=Lubberts+effect+in+columnar+phosphors.&rft.au=Badano%2C+Aldo%3BGagne%2C+Robert+M%3BGallas%2C+Brandon+D%3BJennings%2C+Robert+J%3BBoswell%2C+Jonathan+S%3BMyers%2C+Kyle+J&rft.aulast=Badano&rft.aufirst=Aldo&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Medical+physics&rft.issn=00942405&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-16 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scientific and regulatory issues related to indoor tanning. AN - 67041205; 15523359 JF - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology AU - Lim, Henry W AU - Cyr, W Howard AU - DeFabo, Edward AU - Robinson, June AU - Weinstock, Martin A AU - Beer, Janusz Z AU - Miller, Sharon A AU - Halpern, Allan C AU - DeLeo, Vincent A AU - Rigel, Darrell AU - Spencer, James M AU - American Academy of Dermatology Association AU - American Society for Photobiology AU - US Food and Drug Administration AD - Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA. ; American Academy of Dermatology Association ; American Society for Photobiology ; US Food and Drug Administration Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 781 EP - 784 VL - 51 IS - 5 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Models, Animal KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- prevention & control KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Skin Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Sunburn -- prevention & control KW - Beauty Culture -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Sunburn -- etiology KW - Skin Pigmentation -- radiation effects KW - Ultraviolet Rays -- adverse effects KW - Sunburn -- complications KW - Beauty Culture -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67041205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.atitle=Peptides%3A+their+role+in+excess+alcohol+drinking+and+their+promise+as+a+therapeutic+tool.&rft.au=Egli%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Egli&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005 May;52(5):926; author reply 926-7 [15858501] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microarray method to monitor 40 intestinal bacterial species in the study of azo dye reduction. AN - 67033310; 15522584 AB - Azo dyes are widely used in dye manufacturing, paper printing, textile industries, and as tattoo pigmentation. Since intestinal and skin bacteria can metabolize certain azo dyes to carcinogenic compounds, many researchers have studied the azoreductases of these bacteria. In this study, we used a microarray method to identify the intestinal bacterial species from cultured fecal samples in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth with or without azo dyes that may be involved in azo dye reduction. The microarray was designed to identify 40 bacterial species that are reported in the literature to be predominant in human feces. Results from this study showed 26-30 species are present in the cultured fecal samples. The representative bacteria were then examined for the azo dye reduction activity. JF - Biosensors & bioelectronics AU - Wang, Rong-Fu AU - Chen, Huizhong AU - Paine, Donald D AU - Cerniglia, Carl E AD - Microbiology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. rwang@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 01 SP - 699 EP - 705 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0956-5663, 0956-5663 KW - Azo Compounds KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Humans KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial -- physiology KW - Coloring Agents -- metabolism KW - Species Specificity KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Bacteria -- genetics KW - Azo Compounds -- metabolism KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- methods KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteria -- classification KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Intestines -- microbiology KW - Gene Expression Profiling -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67033310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biosensors+%26+bioelectronics&rft.atitle=Microarray+method+to+monitor+40+intestinal+bacterial+species+in+the+study+of+azo+dye+reduction.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Rong-Fu%3BChen%2C+Huizhong%3BPaine%2C+Donald+D%3BCerniglia%2C+Carl+E&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Rong-Fu&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=699&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biosensors+%26+bioelectronics&rft.issn=09565663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multipathogen oligonucleotide microarray for environmental and biodefense applications. AN - 67033289; 15522583 AB - Food-borne pathogens are a major health problem. The large and diverse number of microbial pathogens and their virulence factors has fueled interest in technologies capable of detecting multiple pathogens and multiple virulence factors simultaneously. Some of these pathogens and their toxins have potential use as bioweapons. DNA microarray technology allows the simultaneous analysis of thousands of sequences of DNA in a relatively short time, making it appropriate for biodefense and for public health uses. This paper describes methods for using DNA microarrays to detect and analyze microbial pathogens. The FDA-1 microarray was developed for the simultaneous detection of several food-borne pathogens and their virulence factors including Listeria spp., Campylobacter spp., Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin genes and Clostridium perfringens toxin genes. Three elements were incorporated to increase confidence in the microarray detection system: redundancy of genes, redundancy of oligonucleotide probes (oligoprobes) for a specific gene, and quality control oligoprobes to monitor array spotting and target DNA hybridization. These elements enhance the reliability of detection and reduce the chance of erroneous results due to the genetic variability of microbes or technical problems with the microarray. The results presented demonstrate the potential of oligonucleotide microarrays for detection of environmental and biodefense relevant microbial pathogens. JF - Biosensors & bioelectronics AU - Sergeev, Nikolay AU - Distler, Margaret AU - Courtney, Shannon AU - Al-Khaldi, Sufian F AU - Volokhov, Dmitriy AU - Chizhikov, Vladimir AU - Rasooly, Avraham AD - FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA. Y1 - 2004/11/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 01 SP - 684 EP - 698 VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0956-5663, 0956-5663 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Equipment Design KW - Systems Integration KW - Food Microbiology KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Equipment Failure Analysis KW - Biological Warfare KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Bacteria -- genetics KW - Food Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- methods KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Bacteria -- classification KW - Security Measures KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Bioterrorism KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67033289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biosensors+%26+bioelectronics&rft.atitle=Multipathogen+oligonucleotide+microarray+for+environmental+and+biodefense+applications.&rft.au=Sergeev%2C+Nikolay%3BDistler%2C+Margaret%3BCourtney%2C+Shannon%3BAl-Khaldi%2C+Sufian+F%3BVolokhov%2C+Dmitriy%3BChizhikov%2C+Vladimir%3BRasooly%2C+Avraham&rft.aulast=Sergeev&rft.aufirst=Nikolay&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=684&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biosensors+%26+bioelectronics&rft.issn=09565663&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer risks among radiologists and radiologic technologists: review of epidemiologic studies. AN - 67031194; 15375227 AB - Radiologists and radiologic technologists were among the earliest occupational groups exposed to ionizing radiation and represent a large segment of the working population exposed to radiation from human-made sources. The authors reviewed epidemiologic data on cancer risks from eight cohorts of over 270,000 radiologists and technologists in various countries. The most consistent finding was increased mortality due to leukemia among early workers employed before 1950, when radiation exposures were high. This, together with an increasing risk of leukemia with increasing duration of work in the early years, provided evidence of an excess risk of leukemia associated with occupational radiation exposure in that period. While findings on several types of solid cancers were less consistent, several studies provided evidence of a radiation effect for breast cancer and skin cancer. To date, there is no clear evidence of an increased cancer risk in medical radiation workers exposed to current levels of radiation doses. However, given a relatively short period of time for which the most recent workers have been followed up and in view of the increasing uses of radiation in modern medical practices, it is important to continue to monitor the health status of medical radiation workers. JF - Radiology AU - Yoshinaga, Shinji AU - Mabuchi, Kiyohiko AU - Sigurdson, Alice J AU - Doody, Michele Morin AU - Ron, Elaine AD - Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. yosinaga@nirs.go.jp Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 313 EP - 321 VL - 233 IS - 2 SN - 0033-8419, 0033-8419 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Humans KW - Leukemia, Radiation-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Radiology KW - Technology, Radiologic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67031194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiology&rft.atitle=Cancer+risks+among+radiologists+and+radiologic+technologists%3A+review+of+epidemiologic+studies.&rft.au=Yoshinaga%2C+Shinji%3BMabuchi%2C+Kiyohiko%3BSigurdson%2C+Alice+J%3BDoody%2C+Michele+Morin%3BRon%2C+Elaine&rft.aulast=Yoshinaga&rft.aufirst=Shinji&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=233&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiology&rft.issn=00338419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Radiology. 2004 Nov;233(2):307-8 [15516610] Radiology. 2005 May;235(2):709-10; author reply 710-1 [15858108] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of children who have full or incomplete fetal alcohol syndrome. AN - 67030500; 15520764 AB - To describe the clinical features and hospitalization rates of American Indian children with full or incomplete fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Two retrospective case-control studies were conducted of Northern Plains American Indian children with presumed FAS identified from 1981 to 1993 by using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), code 760.71. Children who had full or incomplete FAS were compared with each other and with children who did not have FAS. Compared with the control children, the 43 children with FAS and the 35 children with incomplete FAS had more facial dysmorphology, growth deficiency, central nervous system dysfunction, and muscular problems and were hospitalized more frequently with otitis media, pneumonia, FAS, dehydration, and anemia. Case children were hospitalized more days than were control children. Case children were removed from their homes and placed in foster care more often than were control children. Children with full or incomplete FAS had many health, learning, and social needs. Health care providers and community programs should identify the needs of these children and offer optimal services to meet those needs. JF - The Journal of pediatrics AU - Kvigne, Valborg L AU - Leonardson, Gary R AU - Neff-Smith, Martha AU - Brock, Ellen AU - Borzelleca, Joseph AU - Welty, Thomas K AD - Aberdeen Area Indian Health Service, PHS Indian Hospital, Rapid city, South Dakota, USA. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 635 EP - 640 VL - 145 IS - 5 SN - 0022-3476, 0022-3476 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Foster Home Care KW - Pregnancy KW - Musculoskeletal Diseases -- etiology KW - Birth Order KW - Hospitalization KW - Central Nervous System Diseases -- etiology KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Heart Diseases -- etiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Growth Disorders -- etiology KW - Indians, North American KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- ethnology KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- pathology KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67030500?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+children+who+have+full+or+incomplete+fetal+alcohol+syndrome.&rft.au=Kvigne%2C+Valborg+L%3BLeonardson%2C+Gary+R%3BNeff-Smith%2C+Martha%3BBrock%2C+Ellen%3BBorzelleca%2C+Joseph%3BWelty%2C+Thomas+K&rft.aulast=Kvigne&rft.aufirst=Valborg&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pediatrics&rft.issn=00223476&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Polyarteritis nodosa reports to the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS): implications for assessment of suspected vaccine-provoked vasculitis. AN - 67023959; 15517631 AB - To examine polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) as the initial stage in investigating the hypothesis that vaccination can very rarely cause PAN. We reviewed PAN reports submitted from 1990 through 2001 using a causal inference framework to evaluate the consistency of the reports' clinical details with this hypothesis. We also reviewed published literature relating to the hypothesized association's biological plausibility. VAERS received 25 PAN reports. Ten met our case definition for definite or possible PAN and had no alternative etiology for PAN identified. Nine of these 10 followed hepatitis B vaccine with a modal peak (4 definite cases) in time to symptom onset 2 weeks after vaccination. However, all potential triggering infections were not excluded, and identification of vaccine antigens in clinical specimens was not attempted. Also, 14 of 25 reports were European, with 11 from France. All 9 French reports with a known diagnosis date began during 1994-97, when autoimmune and rheumatologic events following hepatitis B vaccine were a focus of public concern in France. While we identified some supportive evidence, overall, current adverse event reports do not support a causal link between vaccination and PAN. Appropriate prospective evaluation of future post-vaccination PAN cases could add to current knowledge with rigorous confirmation of diagnosis, appropriate testing for possible triggering infections including polymerase chain reaction testing for latent hepatitis B infection, and an attempt to link the vaccine antigen to pathology such as by immunohistochemical staining or immune complex identification. JF - The Journal of rheumatology AU - Begier, Elizabeth M AU - Langford, Carol A AU - Sneller, Michael C AU - Wise, Robert P AU - Ball, Robert AU - VAERS Working Group AD - Vaccine Safety Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852-1448, USA. ; VAERS Working Group Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 2181 EP - 2188 VL - 31 IS - 11 SN - 0315-162X, 0315-162X KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Databases, Factual KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Polyarteritis Nodosa -- immunology KW - Polyarteritis Nodosa -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis B Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Vaccination -- adverse effects KW - Polyarteritis Nodosa -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67023959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+rheumatology&rft.atitle=Polyarteritis+nodosa+reports+to+the+vaccine+adverse+event+reporting+system+%28VAERS%29%3A+implications+for+assessment+of+suspected+vaccine-provoked+vasculitis.&rft.au=Begier%2C+Elizabeth+M%3BLangford%2C+Carol+A%3BSneller%2C+Michael+C%3BWise%2C+Robert+P%3BBall%2C+Robert%3BVAERS+Working+Group&rft.aulast=Begier&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+rheumatology&rft.issn=0315162X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brevetoxin metabolism and elimination in the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) after controlled exposures to Karenia brevis. AN - 67005006; 15501294 AB - The metabolism and elimination of brevetoxins were examined in the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) following controlled exposures to Karenia brevis cultures in the laboratory. After a 2-day exposure period ( approximately 62 million cells/oyster), elimination of brevetoxins and their metabolites was monitored by using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Composite toxin in oyster extracts was measured by in vitro assay (i.e. cytotoxicity, receptor binding, and ELISA). Of the parent algal toxins, PbTx-1 and PbTx-2 were not detectable by LC/MS in K. brevis-exposed oysters. PbTx-3 and PbTx-9, which are accumulated directly from K. brevis and through metabolic reduction of PbTx-2 in the oyster, were at levels initially (after exposure) of 0.74 and 0.49 microg equiv./g, respectively, and were eliminated largely within 2 weeks after dosing. PbTx-7 and PbTx-10, the reduced forms of PbTx-1, were non-detectable. Conjugative brevetoxin metabolites identified previously in field-exposed oysters were confirmed in the laboratory-exposed oysters. Cysteine conjugates of PbTx-1 and PbTx-2, and their sulfoxides, were in the highest abundance, as apparent in LC/MS ion traces, and were detectable for up to 6 months after dosing. Composite toxin measurements by in vitro assay also reflected persistence (up to 6 months) of brevetoxin residues in the oyster. Levels of cysteine conjugates, as determined by LC/MS, were well correlated with those of composite toxin, as measured by ELISA, throughout depuration. Composite toxin levels by cytotoxicity assay were well correlated with those by receptor binding assay. Cysteine-PbTx conjugates are useful LC/MS determinants of brevetoxin exposure and potential markers for composite toxin in the Eastern oyster. JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology AU - Plakas, Steven M AU - Wang, Zhihong AU - El Said, Kathleen R AU - Jester, Edward L E AU - Granade, Hudson R AU - Flewelling, Leanne AU - Scott, Paula AU - Dickey, Robert W AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, US Food and Drug Administration, P.O. Box 158, 1 Iberville Drive, Dauphin Island, AL 36528-0158, USA. splakas@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 677 EP - 685 VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 0041-0101, 0041-0101 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Marine Toxins KW - Oxocins KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - brevetoxin T17 KW - 85079-48-7 KW - brevetoxin KW - 98225-48-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - DNA Adducts -- chemistry KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Biological Assay KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Binding, Competitive -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Oxocins -- metabolism KW - Ostreidae -- metabolism KW - Marine Toxins -- metabolism KW - Oxocins -- toxicity KW - Marine Toxins -- toxicity KW - Dinoflagellida -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67005006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.atitle=Brevetoxin+metabolism+and+elimination+in+the+Eastern+oyster+%28Crassostrea+virginica%29+after+controlled+exposures+to+Karenia+brevis.&rft.au=Plakas%2C+Steven+M%3BWang%2C+Zhihong%3BEl+Said%2C+Kathleen+R%3BJester%2C+Edward+L+E%3BGranade%2C+Hudson+R%3BFlewelling%2C+Leanne%3BScott%2C+Paula%3BDickey%2C+Robert+W&rft.aulast=Plakas&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.issn=00410101&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Neisseria meningitidis genetic loci involved in the modulation of phase variation frequencies. AN - 67002696; 15501815 AB - It has been proposed that increased phase variation frequencies in Neisseria meningitidis augment transmissibility and invasiveness. A Himar1 mariner transposon mutant library was constructed in serogroup A N. meningitidis and screened for clones with increased phase variation frequencies. Insertions increasing the frequency of slippage events within mononucleotide repeat tracts were identified in three known phase variation-modulating genes (mutS, mutL, and uvrD), as well as six additional loci (pilP, fbpA, fbpB, NMA1233, and two intergenic regions). The implications of these insertion mutations are discussed. JF - Infection and immunity AU - Alexander, Heather L AU - Rasmussen, Andrew W AU - Stojiljkovic, Igor AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. heather.alexander@hhs.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 6743 EP - 6747 VL - 72 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Transposases KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Chromosomes, Bacterial KW - Species Specificity KW - Chromosome Mapping KW - Gene Library KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid -- genetics KW - Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup A -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup A -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67002696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+immunity&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Neisseria+meningitidis+genetic+loci+involved+in+the+modulation+of+phase+variation+frequencies.&rft.au=Alexander%2C+Heather+L%3BRasmussen%2C+Andrew+W%3BStojiljkovic%2C+Igor&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=6743&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Bacteriol. 2000 Jan;182(2):439-47 [10629191] Mol Microbiol. 2000 Sep;37(5):1075-86 [10972826] Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1809-15 [10710307] Nature. 2000 Mar 30;404(6777):502-6 [10761919] Mol Microbiol. 2000 Jul;37(1):207-15 [10931317] J Bacteriol. 2000 Oct;182(19):5391-8 [10986241] J Clin Invest. 2001 Mar;107(6):657-62 [11254662] Mol Microbiol. 2001 May;40(3):645-55 [11359570] Microbiology. 2001 Aug;147(Pt 8):2321-32 [11496009] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Apr 30;99(9):6103-7 [11983903] J Bacteriol. 2002 Jul;184(14):3965-74 [12081969] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Aug 5;100(16):9542-7 [12883001] Proc Biol Sci. 2003 Aug 22;270(1525):1667-77 [12964993] J Bacteriol. 2004 Feb;186(3):730-9 [14729699] Mol Microbiol. 2004 May;52(3):771-83 [15101983] Infect Immun. 1993 Nov;61(11):4599-606 [8406856] J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Feb;32(2):323-30 [8150942] Mol Microbiol. 1993 Oct;10(2):311-8 [7934822] Infect Immun. 1995 Dec;63(12):4634-41 [7591117] J Bacteriol. 1996 Apr;178(7):2145-9 [8606197] J Bacteriol. 1996 Jul;178(14):4224-32 [8763952] J Bacteriol. 1996 Aug;178(15):4670-8 [8755899] EMBO J. 1996 Oct 1;15(19):5470-9 [8895590] Infect Immun. 1996 Dec;64(12):5008-14 [8945539] Mol Microbiol. 1997 Feb;23(4):657-68 [9157238] Mol Microbiol. 1997 Feb;23(4):737-49 [9157245] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1998 Jan 1;158(1):57-60 [9453156] Infect Immun. 1998 Mar;66(3):987-93 [9488386] Infect Immun. 1998 May;66(5):2330-6 [9573125] J Bacteriol. 1999 Apr;181(7):2067-74 [10094683] Infect Immun. 1999 Jun;67(6):3141-5 [10338533] Mol Microbiol. 1999 Jun;32(5):977-89 [10361300] Lancet. 1999 Mar 20;353(9157):941-2 [10459897] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Sep 28;96(20):11428-33 [10500193] J Bacteriol. 1963 Jun;85:1274-9 [14047217] Mol Microbiol. 2000 Jan;35(1):211-22 [10632891] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Surveillance of occupational noise exposures using OSHA's Integrated Management Information System. AN - 66999536; 15490475 AB - Exposure to noise has long been known to cause hearing loss, and is an ubiquitous problem in workplaces. Occupational noise exposures for industries stored in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Integrated Management Information System (IMIS) can be used to identify temporal and industrial trends of noise exposure to anticipate changes in rates of hearing loss. The noise records in OSHA's IMIS database for 1979-1999 were extracted by major industry division and measurement criteria. The noise exposures were summarized by year, industry, and employment size. The majority of records are from Manufacturing and Services. Exposures in Manufacturing and Services have decreased during the period, except that PEL exposures measured by federal enforcement increased from 1995 to 1999. Noise exposures in manufacturing have been reduced since the late 1970s, except those documented by federal enforcement. Noise exposure data outside manufacturing is not well represented in IMIS. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Middendorf, Paul J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. pkm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 492 EP - 504 VL - 46 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance KW - Management Information Systems KW - Occupational Exposure -- standards KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66999536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Surveillance+of+occupational+noise+exposures+using+OSHA%27s+Integrated+Management+Information+System.&rft.au=Middendorf%2C+Paul+J&rft.aulast=Middendorf&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Androgens and liver tumors: Fanconi's anemia and non-Fanconi's conditions. AN - 66995351; 15495253 AB - The association between anabolic androgenic steroids and liver tumors was first noted in patients with Fanconi's anemia (FA). The hypotheses which led to this review were as follows: (1) androgen-treated individuals who do not have FA are also at risk of liver tumors; (2) parenteral as well as oral androgens may be responsible for liver tumors; (3) FA patients develop liver tumors after smaller and briefer androgen exposure than non-FA individuals; (4) the risk of hepatic neoplasms may depend on the specific androgen. Medline and Web of Science were searched for all cases of liver tumors associated with androgens. Information from individual cases was entered into a spreadsheet and descriptive statistical analyses were performed. Thirty-six FA cases and 97 non-FA cases with both nonhematologic disorders and acquired aplastic anemia (non-FA AA) were identified. The most common androgens were oxymetholone, methyltestosterone, and danazol. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) were more often associated with oxymetholone and methyltestosterone, while adenomas were associated with danazol. Tumors were reported in six patients who received only parenteral and not oral androgens. FA patients were younger than non-FA patients when androgen use was initiated, and the FA patients developed tumors at younger ages. Non-AA patients were treated with androgens for longer periods of time, compared with FA and non-FA AA patients. All patients on anabolic androgenic steroids are at risk of liver tumors, regardless of underlying diagnosis. The magnitude of the risk cannot be determined from currently available data, because the number of patients receiving androgens is unknown. JF - American journal of hematology AU - Velazquez, Isela AU - Alter, Blanche P AD - Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 257 EP - 267 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0361-8609, 0361-8609 KW - Anabolic Agents KW - 0 KW - Androgens KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - Oxymetholone KW - L76T0ZCA8K KW - Danazol KW - N29QWW3BUO KW - Methyltestosterone KW - V9EFU16ZIF KW - Index Medicus KW - Anemia, Aplastic -- complications KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent -- pathology KW - Aged KW - Methyltestosterone -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent -- chemically induced KW - Danazol -- adverse effects KW - Anabolic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Risk Factors KW - Anemia, Aplastic -- drug therapy KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Oxymetholone -- adverse effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Liver Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Fanconi Anemia -- complications KW - Fanconi Anemia -- drug therapy KW - Androgens -- adverse effects KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- pathology KW - Adenoma, Liver Cell -- pathology KW - Adenoma, Liver Cell -- chemically induced KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66995351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+hematology&rft.atitle=Androgens+and+liver+tumors%3A+Fanconi%27s+anemia+and+non-Fanconi%27s+conditions.&rft.au=Velazquez%2C+Isela%3BAlter%2C+Blanche+P&rft.aulast=Velazquez&rft.aufirst=Isela&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+hematology&rft.issn=03618609&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time course of cII gene mutant manifestation in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-treated Big Blue transgenic mice. AN - 66988679; 15282403 AB - The time between treatment and the appearance of mutants (mutant manifestation time) is a critical variable for in vivo transgenic mutation assays. There are, however, limited data describing the optimal sampling time for detecting mutations in various tissues of mutagen-treated animals. In this study, we investigated the time course of cII gene mutant induction in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow of Big Blue transgenic mice treated with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). Six-month-old female mice were treated with a single dose (120 mg/kg) of ENU, and the animals were sacrificed, and the cII mutant frequencies (MFs) were determined at 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 120 days after the treatment. The MFs in the liver cII gene of ENU-treated mice increased with time after the treatment, while the MFs for concurrent controls remained constant. The liver cII MFs in ENU-treated mice were significantly increased at day 30 and 120 (p < 0.01), with the largest increase at day 120. The spleen cII MFs in ENU-treated mice were increased significantly at day 7 and later (p < 0.01), and reached a plateau at day 30. In the bone marrow, the cII MFs in ENU-treated mice were increased significantly at all sampling times (p < 0.01), with the maximum MF at day 3. These results confirm that the time after treatment required to reach the maximum MF is tissue specific, with the approximate time for the maximum ENU-induced cII MF response being: bone marrow, 3 days; spleen, 14-30 days; and liver, more than 30 days. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Wang, Jianyong AU - Liu, Xiaoli AU - Heflich, Robert H AU - Chen, Tao AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 124 EP - 128 VL - 82 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Alkylating Agents KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Transcription Factors KW - Viral Proteins KW - cII protein, bacteriophage lambda KW - Ethylnitrosourea KW - P8M1T4190R KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Spleen -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Bone Marrow -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Time Factors KW - Bone Marrow -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Mutagenesis -- drug effects KW - Ethylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Alkylating Agents -- toxicity KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66988679?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Time+course+of+cII+gene+mutant+manifestation+in+the+liver%2C+spleen%2C+and+bone+marrow+of+N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-treated+Big+Blue+transgenic+mice.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Jianyong%3BLiu%2C+Xiaoli%3BHeflich%2C+Robert+H%3BChen%2C+Tao&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Jianyong&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the potential immunotoxicity of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol in Balb/c mice. I. Effect on antibody forming cell, mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, splenic subset, and natural killer cell activity. AN - 66882994; 15369844 AB - 3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (MCPD) is a well-known by-product of acid-hydrolyzed soy sauce during its manufacturing process. MCPD has been reported genotoxic in vitro, and reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity in rats. However, no previous studies have investigated MCPD-induced alterations in the immune system. In the present study, MCPD was administered by gavage for 14 days at 0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg per day to female Balb/c mice. The antibody-mediated immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was assessed using the antibody-forming cell (AFC) assay, and splenic cell phenotypes were quantified by flow cytometry. Hematological and histopathological changes were assessed. Mitogen-stimulated spleen lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer (NK) cell activity were evaluated. The T-lymphocyte blastogenesis by concanavalin A (Con A) or anti-CD3 and B-lymphocyte blastogenesis by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were not significantly changed. There were no significant changes in the hematological and histopathological findings of MCPD-treated mice. However, the significant decrease in thymus weight was observed in 100 mg dose group, even though that did not change body weight gain. The cellularities of spleen and thymus were significantly reduced in high-dose group. Exposure to high dose of MCPD decreased the AFC response to SRBC in mice. There was a significant decrease in NK cell activity of mice treated with high dose of MCPD. These results indicate that MCPD could modulate the immune function in Balb/c mice. JF - Toxicology AU - Lee, Jong Kwon AU - Byun, Jung A AU - Park, Seung Hee AU - Kim, Hyung Soo AU - Park, Jae Hyun AU - Eom, Juno H AU - Oh, Hye Young AD - Division of Immunotoxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Korea Food and Drug Administration, 122-704 Seoul, South Korea. jkleest@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2004/11/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 01 SP - 1 EP - 11 VL - 204 IS - 1 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Mitogens KW - 0 KW - alpha-Chlorohydrin KW - 96-24-2 KW - Glycerol KW - PDC6A3C0OX KW - Index Medicus KW - Mitogens -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Sheep KW - Antibody-Producing Cells -- drug effects KW - Lymphocyte Subsets -- drug effects KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- cytology KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Erythrocytes -- immunology KW - Female KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Glycerol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Food Contamination KW - Glycerol -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66882994?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+and+in+vivo+percutaneous+absorption+of+catechol&rft.au=Jung%2C+C+T%3BWickett%2C+R+R%3BDesai%2C+P+B%3BBronaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=885&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0278-6915%2803%2900040-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of the reported active metabolite of methoxychlor, 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, on testosterone formation by cultured Leydig cells from young adult rats. AN - 66830307; 15336722 AB - Methoxychlor (MC) is an insecticide that is currently used on a variety of agricultural crops, especially following the ban of 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) use in the United States. Following in vivo administration, MC is converted to 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE), which is proposed to be the active agent. Both MC and HPTE have been demonstrated to exhibit weak estrogenic and antiandrogenic activities, and they are thought to exert their effects through estrogen or androgen receptors, respectively. A recent study reported that HPTE inhibited both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone formation by immature and adult cultured rat Leydig cells and that this effect was mediated through the estrogen receptor. In the current studies, we examined the effects of HPTE on basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone formation by cultured Leydig cells from young adult rats. In addition, we evaluated whether the effects of HPTE on rat Leydig cell testosterone biosynthesis were mediated through the estrogen receptor as an estrogen agonist or the androgen receptor as an antiandrogen. The current studies demonstrated that HPTE inhibited both basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone formation in a dose-dependent manner with significant declines in testosterone being observed at approximately 100 nM. The effects of HPTE were localized to the cholesterol side-chain cleavage step; however, these effects were not mediated through the classic estrogen receptor or by its acting as an antiandrogen, the currently recognized modes of action of MC and HPTE. JF - Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) AU - Murono, Eisuke P AU - Derk, Raymond C AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, M/S L-2015, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. eem8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 135 EP - 146 VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 0890-6238, 0890-6238 KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin KW - 0 KW - Drug Combinations KW - Estrogen Antagonists KW - Insecticides KW - Oxazoles KW - Phenols KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate KW - 23583-48-4 KW - hydroxyflutamide KW - 31D90UKP5Y KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Flutamide KW - 76W6J0943E KW - Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme KW - EC 1.14.15.6 KW - 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane KW - H58165YO91 KW - vinclozolin KW - JJ258EZN1I KW - Methoxychlor KW - RIA79UD69L KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Estrogen Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Oxazoles -- pharmacology KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme -- metabolism KW - 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Insecticides -- metabolism KW - Methoxychlor -- metabolism KW - Methoxychlor -- analogs & derivatives KW - Flutamide -- analogs & derivatives KW - Leydig Cells -- enzymology KW - Testosterone -- metabolism KW - Flutamide -- pharmacology KW - Phenols -- toxicity KW - Leydig Cells -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66830307?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+the+reported+active+metabolite+of+methoxychlor%2C+2%2C2-bis%28p-hydroxyphenyl%29-1%2C1%2C1-trichloroethane%2C+on+testosterone+formation+by+cultured+Leydig+cells+from+young+adult+rats.&rft.au=Murono%2C+Eisuke+P%3BDerk%2C+Raymond+C&rft.aulast=Murono&rft.aufirst=Eisuke&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Reproductive+toxicology+%28Elmsford%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=08906238&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The internet and HIV/STD prevention AN - 36684562; 3434627 JF - AIDS care AU - McFarlane, M AU - Ross, M W AU - Elford, J AD - US Department of Health and Human Services ; University of Texas ; City University, London Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 929 EP - 930 VL - 16 IS - 8 SN - 0954-0121, 0954-0121 KW - Sociology KW - Prevention KW - Sexual behaviour KW - AIDS KW - Communication KW - HIV KW - Internet KW - Sexually transmitted diseases KW - Public health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36684562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aibss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+care&rft.atitle=The+internet+and+HIV%2FSTD+prevention&rft.au=McFarlane%2C+M%3BRoss%2C+M+W%3BElford%2C+J&rft.aulast=McFarlane&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+care&rft.issn=09540121&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F09540120412331292516 LA - English DB - International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) N1 - Date revised - 2013-06-12 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - 11563 1025 1542 11325 6071; 11581 3617 6220; 6813 6518; 5703 3617 6220; 482 3617 6220; 10072; 2572; 10449 5772 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120412331292516 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CYP3A4 Polymorphisms-Potential Risk Factors for Breast and Prostate Cancer: A HuGE Review AN - 20713069; 6061642 AB - The steroid hydroxylase CYP3A4 is the most abundant P-450 enzyme in the human liver, and CYP3A enzymes metabolize more than 50% of prescription drugs. The CYP3A4 gene is expressed in the liver, gut, colon, prostate, and breast. Individual variation in CYP3A4 may play a role in breast and prostate carcinogenesis through modulation of sex hormone metabolite levels. Alternatively, CYP3A4 can metabolically activate exogenous carcinogens. CYP3A4 activity varies widely in humans, and more than 78 DNA sequence polymorphisms are known. These observations prompted the hypothesis that variant CYP3A4 may be involved in breast and prostate cancer. Two epidemiologic studies of breast cancer and five of prostate cancer examined CYP3A4 genotypes. A US study showed that inheritance of CYP3A4*1B correlates with early menarche, a breast cancer risk factor. However, an Australian breast cancer case-control study found no association with CYP3A4*1B. Two Scottish prospective studies showed CYP3A4*1B to be a risk factor for prostate cancer among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Three other studies were undertaken in the United States: two were case-only studies and the other was a case-sibling control study. Although results for African Americans were inconsistent, these studies suggested that CYP3A4*1B was associated with markers of advanced disease. These observations support the notion that development of robust, conventional molecular epidemiologic case-control studies to address these questions, including gene- gene and gene-environment interactions, will be timely. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Keshava, Channa AU - Mccanlies, Erin C AU - Weston, Ainsley AD - Molecular Epidemiology Team, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV. Y1 - 2004/11/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 01 SP - 825 EP - 841 PB - Johns Hopkins University, School of Hygiene and Public Health VL - 160 IS - 9 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Enzymes KW - Metabolites KW - Carcinogens KW - steroids KW - Genotypes KW - Hormones KW - Cancer KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - Carcinogenesis KW - DNA KW - Liver KW - Africa KW - Breast cancer KW - Australia KW - prostate cancer KW - Drugs KW - Ethnic groups KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20713069?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=CYP3A4+Polymorphisms-Potential+Risk+Factors+for+Breast+and+Prostate+Cancer%3A+A+HuGE+Review&rft.au=Keshava%2C+Channa%3BMccanlies%2C+Erin+C%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley&rft.aulast=Keshava&rft.aufirst=Channa&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=160&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enzymes; Metabolites; Genotypes; steroids; Carcinogens; Hormones; Cancer; Reviews; Carcinogenesis; Liver; DNA; Breast cancer; prostate cancer; Drugs; Ethnic groups; USA; Africa; Australia ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Suppression in lung defense responses after bacterial infection in rats pretreated with different welding fumes AN - 17801766; 6156002 AB - Epidemiology suggests that inhalation of welding fumes increases the susceptibility to lung infection. The effects of chemically distinct welding fumes on lung defense responses after bacterial infection were compared. Fume was collected during gas metal arc (GMA) or flux-covered manual metal arc (MMA) welding using two consumable electrodes: stainless steel (SS) or mild steel (MS). The fumes were separated into water-soluble and -insoluble fractions. The GMA-SS and GMA-MS fumes were found to be relatively insoluble, whereas the MMA-SS was highly water soluble, with the soluble fraction comprised of 87% Cr and 11% Mn. On day 0, male Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with saline (vehicle control) or the different welding fumes (0.1 or 2 mg/rat). At day 3, the rats were intratracheally inoculated with 5 x 10 super(3) Listeria monocytogenes. On days 6, 8, and 10, left lungs were removed, homogenized, cultured overnight, and colony-forming units were counted to assess pulmonary bacterial clearance. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on right lungs to recover phagocytes and BAL fluid to measure the production of nitric oxide (NO) and immunomodulatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- alpha ), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-10. In contrast to the GMA-SS, GMA-MS, and saline groups, pretreatment with the highly water soluble MMA-SS fume caused significant body weight loss, extensive lung damage, and a dramatic reduction in pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes after infection. NO concentrations in BAL fluid and lung immunostaining of inducible NO synthase were dramatically increased in rats pretreated with MMA-SS before and after infection. MMA-SS treatment caused a significant decrease in IL-2 and significant increases in TNF- alpha , IL-6, and IL-10 after infection. In conclusion, pretreatment with MMA-SS increased production of NO and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF- alpha and IL-6) after infection, which are likely responsible for the elevation in lung inflammation and injury. In addition, MMA-SS treatment reduced IL-2 (involved in T cell proliferation) and enhanced IL-10 (involved in inhibiting macrophage function) after bacterial infection, which might result in a possible suppression in immune response and an increase in susceptibility to infection. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Antonini, J M AU - Taylor, MD AU - Millecchia, L AU - Bebout, A R AU - Roberts, J R AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA, jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/11/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Nov 01 SP - 206 EP - 218 VL - 200 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Interleukin 6 KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Fumes KW - Interleukin 2 KW - saline KW - Alveoli KW - Interleukin 10 KW - Inflammation KW - Nitric-oxide synthase KW - Epidemiology KW - Lung KW - Electrodes KW - Tumor necrosis factor-^a KW - Nitric oxide KW - Cell proliferation KW - stainless steel KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17801766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Suppression+in+lung+defense+responses+after+bacterial+infection+in+rats+pretreated+with+different+welding+fumes&rft.au=Antonini%2C+J+M%3BTaylor%2C+MD%3BMillecchia%2C+L%3BBebout%2C+A+R%3BRoberts%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=200&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.taap.2004.04.022 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Lung; Fumes; Tumor necrosis factor-^a; Nitric-oxide synthase; Nitric oxide; Interleukin 10; Interleukin 6; saline; Interleukin 2; Inflammation; Electrodes; Epidemiology; Alveoli; stainless steel; Macrophages; Cell proliferation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2004.04.022 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of microbial dose-response models fitted to human data AN - 17788750; 6144292 AB - A study of eight mathematical dose-response models for microbial risk assessment was conducted using infectivity and illness data on a variety of microbial pathogens from published studies with human volunteers. The purpose was to evaluate variability among the models for human microbial dose-response data in order to determine whether two-parameter models might suffice for most microbial dose-response data or whether three-parameter models should generally be fitted. Model variability was measured in terms of estimated ED sub(0) sub(1)s and ED sub(1) sub(0)s, with the view that these effective dose levels correspond to the lower and upper limits of the 1-10% risk range generally recommended for establishing benchmark doses in risk assessment. An investigation of the ranks of the ED sub(0) sub(1) and ED sub(1) sub(0) values among the models led to the conclusion that the two-parameter models captured at least as much uncertainty as the three-parameter models for the data examined. A further evaluation of the two-parameter models did not result in the selection of one ''best'' model, but it did provide some insights into the models' relative behavior. The model uncertainty analysis proposed by Kang et al. [Regulat. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 32 (2000) 68] using four two-parameter models was reinforced. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Moon, H AU - Chen, J J AU - Gaylor, D W AU - Kodell, R L AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, rkodell@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 177 EP - 184 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Variability KW - Mathematical models KW - Pathogens KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17788750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+microbial+dose-response+models+fitted+to+human+data&rft.au=Moon%2C+H%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BGaylor%2C+D+W%3BKodell%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.yrtph.2004.07.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Risk assessment; Pathogens; Variability DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.07.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Establishment of Diagnostic Cutoff Points for Levels of Serum Antibodies to Pertussis Toxin, Filamentous Hemagglutinin, and Fimbriae in Adolescents and Adults in the United States AN - 17761002; 6077085 AB - Numerous reports have documented that serologic methods are much more sensitive than culture for the diagnosis of pertussis in adolescents and adults. However, a standardized serologic test for pertussis is not routinely available to most clinicians, and the serologic test levels or cutoff points correlated with diseases have not been determined. The goal of the present study was to examine the distribution of immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels against three Bordetella pertussis antigens (pertussis toxin [PT], filamentous hemagglutinin [FHA], and fimbria types 2 and 3 [FIM]) and to determine population-based antibody levels for the purpose of establishing such diagnostic cutoff points. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed with sera from >6,000 U.S. residents aged 6 to 49 years who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mixture models were developed to identify hypothesized exposure groups and establish diagnostic cutoffs. Quantifiable (>20 ELISA units/ml [EU]) anti-FHA and anti-FIM IgG antibodies were common (65 and 62% of individuals, respectively), but quantifiable anti-PT IgG antibodies were less frequent (16%). Given the distributions of antibody levels, an anti-PT IgG level of =>94 EU was proposed as the diagnostic cutoff point. Application of this cutoff point to culture-confirmed illness in a prior study investigating cough illness yielded a high diagnostic sensitivity (80%) and specificity (93%). A standardized ELISA for anti-PT IgG with a single serum sample appears to be useful for the identification of recent B. pertussis infection in adolescents and adults with cough illness. The PT cutoff point will be further evaluated in prospective studies of confirmed B. pertussis infection. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Baughman, Andrew L AU - Bisgard, Kristine M AU - Edwards, Kathryn M AU - Guris, Dalya AU - Decker, Michael D AU - Holland, Kathy AU - Meade, Bruce D AU - Lynn, Freyja AD - National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases. Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee. Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 1045 EP - 1053 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Pertussis KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Hemagglutinins KW - Adolescence KW - Cough KW - Infection KW - Nutrition KW - pertussis toxin KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - Pili KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06720:ELISA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17761002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Establishment+of+Diagnostic+Cutoff+Points+for+Levels+of+Serum+Antibodies+to+Pertussis+Toxin%2C+Filamentous+Hemagglutinin%2C+and+Fimbriae+in+Adolescents+and+Adults+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Baughman%2C+Andrew+L%3BBisgard%2C+Kristine+M%3BEdwards%2C+Kathryn+M%3BGuris%2C+Dalya%3BDecker%2C+Michael+D%3BHolland%2C+Kathy%3BMeade%2C+Bruce+D%3BLynn%2C+Freyja&rft.aulast=Baughman&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1045&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; Immunoglobulin G; Pertussis; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Adolescence; Hemagglutinins; Cough; pertussis toxin; Infection; Nutrition; Pili ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Temporal variations in phytoplankton, particulates, and colored dissolved organic material based on optical properties during a Long Island brown tide compared to an adjacent embayment AN - 17760230; 6095043 AB - Since 1985, the coastal embayments of Long Island, New York, have been plagued with recurrent blooms, aptly called brown tides, of the pelagophyte Aureococcus anophagefferens. The distinct ocean color observed during these blooms suggests that optical methods can be used as a tool to study, detect, and track brown tides. Thus, the goal of our project was to compare the optical properties and pigment composition during bloom and non-bloom conditions and assess temporal variations in the phytoplankton and other constituents in the seawater associated with bloom development. From 17 May to 8 June 2000, we measured a time series of particle size distributions and concentrations as well as size-fractioned algal pigments and optical properties in two Long Island embayments where brown tides are known to occur. During our study, A. anophagefferens represented an insignificant contribution to the algal community in West Neck Bay (WNB), whereas a bloom developed in Quantuck Bay (QB). Initially, temperature and salinity were similar at the two locations; however, bulk optical properties, chlorophyll, and particle concentrations were nearly a factor of 2 greater at QB. Bulk optical properties remained constant at WNB, yet increased exponentially at QB as the bloom developed. The composition of particulates, including phytoplankton, varied little at QB, and the optical properties suggested the dominance of A. anophagefferens (confirmed by microscopy). The largest temporal variations were observed in the colored dissolved organic material (CDOM); the colloidal (0.2-0.7 mu m) fraction, exhibiting a strong protein-like signal, increased dramatically at the height of the bloom. At WNB particle sizes and algal composition varied despite the invariant bulk optical properties; CDOM variations were minimal. Overall, the optical properties in the two bays demonstrated that at QB temporal variations were dominated by biomass and colloidal protein changes, whereas shifts in the algal community occurred at WNB. This study demonstrates the utility of in situ optical observations to resolve temporal changes in the ecological conditions associated with algal bloom development. JF - Harmful Algae AU - Etheridge, S M AU - Roesler, C S AD - Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA, stacey.etheridge@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - November 2004 SP - 331 EP - 342 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl] VL - 3 IS - 4 SN - 1568-9883, 1568-9883 KW - Brown tides KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Oceanic Abstracts; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality KW - Aureococcus anophagefferens KW - Brown tide KW - CDOM KW - Harmful algal blooms KW - Optical properties KW - Pigments KW - Chlorophylls KW - Algal blooms KW - Chlorophyll KW - Phytoplankton KW - Particulates KW - ANW, USA, New York, Long Island, Quantuck Bay KW - Environmental factors KW - ANW, USA, New York, Long Island, West Neck Bay KW - Marine environment KW - Coastal inlets KW - Temperature effects KW - Particle size KW - Marine KW - Water colour KW - Particle concentration KW - Temporal variations KW - Brackish KW - Biomass KW - Color KW - Dominance KW - Dominant species KW - Dissolved organic matter KW - Microscopy KW - K 03009:Algae KW - O 1070:Ecology/Community Studies KW - Q1 08461:Plankton KW - Q1 08482:Ecosystems and energetics KW - O 1010:Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, Fungi and Plants KW - K 03044:Algae KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17760230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harmful+Algae&rft.atitle=Temporal+variations+in+phytoplankton%2C+particulates%2C+and+colored+dissolved+organic+material+based+on+optical+properties+during+a+Long+Island+brown+tide+compared+to+an+adjacent+embayment&rft.au=Etheridge%2C+S+M%3BRoesler%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Etheridge&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Harmful+Algae&rft.issn=15689883&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.hal.2004.06.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Particle size; Algal blooms; Chlorophylls; Water colour; Particle concentration; Temporal variations; Optical properties; Phytoplankton; Particulates; Environmental factors; Dominant species; Dissolved organic matter; Pigments; Coastal inlets; Temperature effects; Chlorophyll; Biomass; Dominance; Color; Marine environment; Microscopy; Aureococcus anophagefferens; ANW, USA, New York, Long Island, West Neck Bay; ANW, USA, New York, Long Island, Quantuck Bay; Brackish; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2004.06.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nocardia kruczakiae sp. nov., a Pathogen in Immunocompromised Patients and a Member of the "N. nova Complex" AN - 17759115; 6078738 AB - Molecular methodologies have become useful techniques for the identification of pathogenic Nocardia species and for the recognition of novel species that are capable of causing human disease. Two isolates recovered from immunocompromised patients were characterized as Nocardia nova by biochemical and susceptibility testing results. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns obtained by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) of an amplified portion of the heat shock protein gene were identical to those obtained with the type strain of N. nova. REA of an amplified portion of the 16S rRNA gene showed RFLP patterns that were unlike those obtained for the type strain of N. nova but that were similar to those obtained for the type strains of N. africana and N. veterana. Subsequent sequencing of a portion of the 16S rRNA gene produced identical results for the two patient isolates. Sequence analysis of 1,352-bp portions of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that these isolates were 99.8% similar to the recently described species N. veterana but were only 99.3, 98.1, and 98.1% similar to the type strains of N. africana, N. nova, and N. vaccinii, respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization studies confirmed that the two patient isolates belonged to the same species but were not closely related to N. africana, N. nova, N. vaccinii, or N. veterana. The patient isolates have been designated N. kruczakiae sp. nov. Because N. africana, N. veterana, and the new species are not readily differentiated from N. nova by phenotypic methods alone, the designation "N. nova complex" can be used to designate isolates such as these that phenotypically resemble N. nova but that have not been definitively characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing or DNA-DNA hybridization. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Conville, Patricia S AU - Brown, June M AU - Steigerwalt, Arnold G AU - Lee, Judy W AU - Anderson, Victoria L AU - Fishbain, Joel T AU - Holland, Steven M AU - Witebsky, Frank G AD - Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center. Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland. Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia. Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 5139 EP - 5145 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 42 IS - 11 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Nocardia veterana KW - Heat shock proteins KW - Nocardia africana KW - Immunocompromised hosts KW - Restriction fragment length polymorphism KW - Nocardia nova KW - Endonuclease KW - Nocardia vaccinia KW - rRNA 16S KW - Nocardia kruczakiae KW - New species KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17759115?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Nocardia+kruczakiae+sp.+nov.%2C+a+Pathogen+in+Immunocompromised+Patients+and+a+Member+of+the+%22N.+nova+Complex%22&rft.au=Conville%2C+Patricia+S%3BBrown%2C+June+M%3BSteigerwalt%2C+Arnold+G%3BLee%2C+Judy+W%3BAnderson%2C+Victoria+L%3BFishbain%2C+Joel+T%3BHolland%2C+Steven+M%3BWitebsky%2C+Frank+G&rft.aulast=Conville&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=5139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nocardia africana; Nocardia vaccinia; Nocardia veterana; Nocardia kruczakiae; Nocardia nova; rRNA 16S; Restriction fragment length polymorphism; Heat shock proteins; Endonuclease; New species; Immunocompromised hosts ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cytokine Response to Infection with Bacillus anthracis Spores AN - 17758131; 6062292 AB - Bacillus anthracis, the etiological agent of anthrax, is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium. The inhalational form of anthrax is the most severe and is associated with rapid progression of the disease and the outcome is frequently fatal. Transfer from the respiratory epithelium to regional lymph nodes appears to be an essential early step in the establishment of infection. This transfer is believed to occur by means of carriage within alveolar macrophages following phagocytosis. Therefore, the ability of B. anthracis to transit through the host macrophage or dendritic cell appears to be an early and critical step in B. anthracis pathogenesis. In this work, we examined the cytokine responses to spore infection in mouse primary peritoneal macrophages, in primary human dendritic cells, and during a spore aerosol infection model utilizing the susceptible A/J mouse strain. We demonstrated that both mouse peritoneal macrophages and human dendritic cells exhibited significant intracellular bactericidal activity during the first hours following uptake, providing the necessary time to mount a cytokine response prior to cell lysis. Strong tumor necrosis factor (TNF- alpha ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) responses were seen in mouse peritoneal macrophages. In addition to TNF- alpha and IL-6, human dendritic cells produced the cytokines IL-1beta, IL-8, and IL-12. A mixture of Th1 and Th2 cytokines were detected in sera obtained from infected animals. In this study, we provide further evidence of an acute cytokine response when cells in culture and mice are infected with B. anthracis spores. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Pickering, Alison K AU - Osorio, Manuel AU - Lee, Gloria M AU - Grippe, Vanessa K AU - Bray, Mechelle AU - Merkel, Tod J AD - Laboratory of Respiratory and Special Pathogens. Laboratory of Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 6382 EP - 6389 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 72 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Interleukin 6 KW - Macrophages KW - Helper cells KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Interleukin 8 KW - Interleukin 12 KW - Dendritic cells KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Anthrax KW - Cytokines KW - Phagocytosis KW - Tumor necrosis factor-a KW - Tumor necrosis factor-^a KW - Spores KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17758131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Cytokine+Response+to+Infection+with+Bacillus+anthracis+Spores&rft.au=Pickering%2C+Alison+K%3BOsorio%2C+Manuel%3BLee%2C+Gloria+M%3BGrippe%2C+Vanessa+K%3BBray%2C+Mechelle%3BMerkel%2C+Tod+J&rft.aulast=Pickering&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=6382&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus anthracis; Macrophages; Dendritic cells; Spores; Interleukin 6; Cytokines; Lymphocytes T; Tumor necrosis factor-a; Helper cells; Anthrax; Phagocytosis; Interleukin 12; Interleukin 8; Tumor necrosis factor-^a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Antibodies to Capsular Polysaccharide Antigens of Haemophilus influenzae Type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae in Human Immune Globulin Intravenous Preparations AN - 17757034; 6077170 AB - The most common infections in primary immune deficiency disease (PIDD) patients involve encapsulated bacteria, mainly Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Thus, it is important to know the titers of Hib- and pneumococcus-specific antibodies that are present in immune globulin (Ig) intravenous (IGIV) preparations used to treat PIDD. In this study, seven IGIV preparations were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and opsonophagocytic activity for antibody titers to the capsular polysaccharides of Hib and five pneumococcal serotypes. Differences in Hib- and pneumococcus-specific antibody titer were observed among various IGIV preparations, with some products having higher- or lower-than-average titers. Opsonic activity also varied among preparations. As expected, IgG2 was the most active subclass of both binding and opsonic activity except against pneumococcal serotype 6B where IgG3 was the most active. This study determines antibody titers against capsular polysaccharides of Hib and pneumococcus in seven IGIV products that have been shown to be effective in reducing infections in PIDD patients. As donor antibody levels and manufacturing methods continue to change, it may prove useful from a regulatory point of view to reassess IGIV products periodically, to ensure that products maintain antibody levels that are important for the health of IGIV recipients. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Mikolajczyk, Malgorzata G AU - Concepcion, Nelydia F AU - Wang, Theresa AU - Frazier, Douglas AU - Golding, Basil AU - Frasch, Carl E AU - Scott, Dorothy E AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Blood Research and Review, Division of Hematology, Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives. Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic & Allergenic Products, Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Bethesda, Maryland Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 1158 EP - 1164 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Donors KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Intravenous administration KW - Serotypes KW - Haemophilus influenzae KW - Globulins KW - Infection KW - Polysaccharides KW - Antibodies KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Immunoglobulins KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06711:Monoclonal antibodies, hybridomas, antigens and antisera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17757034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Antibodies+to+Capsular+Polysaccharide+Antigens+of+Haemophilus+influenzae+Type+b+and+Streptococcus+pneumoniae+in+Human+Immune+Globulin+Intravenous+Preparations&rft.au=Mikolajczyk%2C+Malgorzata+G%3BConcepcion%2C+Nelydia+F%3BWang%2C+Theresa%3BFrazier%2C+Douglas%3BGolding%2C+Basil%3BFrasch%2C+Carl+E%3BScott%2C+Dorothy+E&rft.aulast=Mikolajczyk&rft.aufirst=Malgorzata&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Haemophilus influenzae; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Antibodies; Polysaccharides; Serotypes; Intravenous administration; Globulins; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Immunoglobulins; Infection; Donors ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preparation and in vitro characterization of self-nanoemulsified drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of all-trans-retinol acetate AN - 17695361; 6047124 AB - Purpose: To prepare a self-nanoemulsified drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of all-trans-retinol acetate, with enhanced dissolution and better chance of oral absorption. Method: All-trans-retinol acetate SNEDDS was prepared using different concentrations of soybean oil (solvent) Cremophor el (surfactant) and Capmul MCM-C8 (co-surfactant). Particle size and turbidity of the SNEDDS were determined after adding water to the oily solution. Dissolution profile of SNEDDS filled in hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) capsules was determined by using water in USP apparatus 2. Ternary phase diagrams were constructed to identify the self-nanoemulsified region. The SNEDDS were evaluated by the visual observation, turbidity in nephrometric turbidity units (NTU), mean particle size ( mu m) and Fourier transformed-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). SNEDDS were thermally characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to ensure the compatibility of the SNEDDS ingredient. Results: From the data obtained in this work, it was clear that surfactant to co-surfactant ratio has the main impact on the physical characteristics of the emulsion formed. The optimum surfactant to co-surfactant ratio was found to be 2:1 (37.5-50% for Cremophor EL, and 18.75-25% for Capmul MCM-C8). With this ratio, the resultant nanoemulsions obtained have a particle size range of 0.103-0.051 mu m, turbidity range of 18.12-2.18 NTU and t sub(30) values (cumulative% all-trans- retinol acetate dissolved in 30 min) of 90.42-99.5. Also the thermograms obtained from DSC experiments showed that there is no incompatibility or interaction between the SNEDDS ingredients (soybean oil, Cremophor EL, and Capmul MCM-C8) and all-trans-retinol acetate. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the self-nanoemulsified drug delivery system of all-trans-retinol acetate increased its dissolution rate and has the potential to enhance its bioavailability without interaction or incompatibility between the ingredients. JF - International Journal of Pharmaceutics AU - Taha, E I AU - Al-Saidan, S AU - Samy, A M AU - Khan, MA AD - Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, 1300 Coulter, Suite 400, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA, Khanm@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 109 EP - 119 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 285 IS - 1-2 SN - 0378-5173, 0378-5173 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17695361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Pharmaceutics&rft.atitle=Preparation+and+in+vitro+characterization+of+self-nanoemulsified+drug+delivery+system+%28SNEDDS%29+of+all-trans-retinol+acetate&rft.au=Taha%2C+E+I%3BAl-Saidan%2C+S%3BSamy%2C+A+M%3BKhan%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Taha&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=285&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Pharmaceutics&rft.issn=03785173&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijpharm.2004.03.034 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.03.034 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel organization of genes in a phthalate degradation operon of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 AN - 17473759; 6652856 AB - Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 is capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to ring cleavage metabolites. This study identified and characterized a putative phthalate degradation operon in the M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 genome. A putative regulatory protein (phtR) was encoded divergently with five tandem genes: phthalate dioxygenase large subunit (phtAa), small subunit (phtAb), phthalate dihydrodiol dehydrogenase (phtB), phthalate dioxygenase ferredoxin subunit (phtAc) and phthalate dioxygenase ferredoxin reductase (phtAd). A 6.7 kb EcoRI fragment containing these genes was cloned into Escherichia coli and converted phthalate to 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate. Homologues to the operon region were detected in a number of PAH-degrading Mycobacterium spp. isolated from various geographical locations. The operon differs from those of other Gram-positive bacteria in both the placement and orientation of the regulatory gene. In addition, the M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 pht operon contains no decarboxylase gene and none was identified within a 37 kb region containing the operon. This study is the first report of a phthalate degradation operon in Mycobacterium spp. JF - Microbiology AU - Stingley, R L AU - Brezna, B AU - Khan, A A AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, Ashraf@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 3749 EP - 3761 VL - 150 IS - 11 SN - 1350-0872, 1350-0872 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genomes KW - Mycobacterium vanbaalenii KW - Dihydrodiol KW - Geographical distribution KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Biodegradation KW - Mycobacterium KW - Gram-positive bacteria KW - ferredoxin reductase KW - Metabolites KW - Ferredoxin KW - dehydrogenase KW - Phthalic acid KW - phthalates KW - regulatory proteins KW - Escherichia coli KW - Dioxygenase KW - Operons KW - J 02722:Biodegradation, growth, nutrition and leaching KW - G 07770:Bacteria KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17473759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.atitle=Novel+organization+of+genes+in+a+phthalate+degradation+operon+of+Mycobacterium+vanbaalenii+PYR-1&rft.au=Stingley%2C+R+L%3BBrezna%2C+B%3BKhan%2C+A+A%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Stingley&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=150&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3749&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbiology&rft.issn=13500872&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099%2Fmic.0.27263-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Geographical distribution; Dihydrodiol; Biodegradation; Gram-positive bacteria; ferredoxin reductase; Metabolites; Ferredoxin; dehydrogenase; Phthalic acid; phthalates; regulatory proteins; Operons; Dioxygenase; Mycobacterium vanbaalenii; Mycobacterium; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27263-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial drug development - the past, the present, and the future AN - 1660404325; 20467741 AB - Antimicrobial resistance has been an issue since the introduction into clinical use of the first agents in the 1940s. Although the discovery and development of new classes of antimicrobials through the 1960s presented an array of treatment options, these options for some serious and life-threatening infectious diseases may now be more limited. This paper examines the history of antimicrobial development, showing how the challenges in discovering new classes of drugs have been with us for the last 40years. The present state of antimicrobial discovery and development is shaped by these challenges as well as by the economic realities of the pharmaceutical industry. This paper also discusses some of the regulatory considerations in antimicrobial drug development, and presents some potential solutions to the challenges inherent in antimicrobial drug development, including steps taken by the US Food and Drug Administration to streamline the drug review process for antimicrobial agents while maintaining the standards necessary to protect and promote the health of the public. JF - Clinical Microbiology and Infection AU - Powers, J H AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 23 EP - 31 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 10 SN - 1198-743X, 1198-743X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Infectious diseases KW - Reviews KW - Drug resistance KW - Economics KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Drug development KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - A 01330:Food Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660404325?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Microbiology+and+Infection&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+drug+development+-+the+past%2C+the+present%2C+and+the+future&rft.au=Powers%2C+J+H&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Microbiology+and+Infection&rft.issn=1198743X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1465-0691.2004.1007.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-04 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Infectious diseases; Drug resistance; Reviews; Economics; Pharmaceuticals; Drug development; Antimicrobial agents DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-0691.2004.1007.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - QA/QC: challenges and pitfalls facing the microarray community and regulatory agencies AN - 1257725462; 16579565 AB - The scientific community has been enthusiastic about DNA microarray technology for pharmacogenomic and toxicogenomic studies in the hope of advancing personalized medicine and drug development. The US Food and Drug Administration has been proactive in promoting the use of pharmacogenomic data in drug development and has issued a draft guidance for the pharmaceutical industry on data submissions. However, many challenges and pitfalls are facing the microarray community and regulatory agencies before microarray data can be reliably applied to support regulatory decision making. Four types of factors (i.e., technical, instrumental, computational and interpretative) affect the outcome of a microarray study, and a major concern about microarray studies has been the lack of reproducibility and accuracy. Intralaboratory data consistency is the foundation of reliable knowledge extraction and meaningful crosslaboratory or crossplatform comparisons; unfortunately, it has not been seriously evaluated and demonstrated in every study. Profound problems in data quality have been observed from analyzing published data sets, and many laboratories have been struggling with technical troubleshooting rather than generating reliable data of scientific significance. The microarray community and regulatory agencies must work together to establish a set of consensus quality assurance and quality control criteria for assessing and ensuring data quality, to identify critical factors affecting data quality, and to optimize and standardize microarray procedures so that biologic interpretation and decision-making are not based on unreliable data. These fundamental issues must be adequately addressed before microarray technology can be transformed from a research tool to clinical practices. JF - Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics AU - Shi, Leming AU - Tong, Weida AU - Goodsaid, Federico AU - Frueh, Felix W AU - Fang, Hong AU - Han, Tao AU - Fuscoe, James C AU - Casciano, Daniel A AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Toxicoinformatics, Division of Systems Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, HFT--020, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 761 EP - 777 PB - Future Science Group (FSG), Unitec House, 2 Albert Place London N3 1QB United Kingdom VL - 4 IS - 6 SN - 1473-7159, 1473-7159 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Computer applications KW - DNA microarrays KW - Data processing KW - Decision making KW - Drug development KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Quality control KW - Reviews KW - pharmacogenomics KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1257725462?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Approval+summary%3A+imatinib+mesylate+capsules+for+treatment+of+adult+patients+with+newly+diagnosed+philadelphia+chromosome-positive+chronic+myelogenous+leukemia+in+chronic+phase.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+John+R%3BBross%2C+Peter%3BCohen%2C+Martin%3BRothmann%2C+Mark%3BChen%2C+Gang%3BZajicek%2C+Anne%3BGobburu%2C+Joga%3BRahman%2C+Atiqur%3BStaten%2C+Ann%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1972&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-08 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Decision making; Data processing; pharmacogenomics; Reviews; Quality control; Pharmaceuticals; Drug development; Computer applications; DNA microarrays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14737159.4.6.761 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural mechanism for lipid activation of the Rac-specific GAP, beta2-chimaerin. AN - 67011434; 15507211 AB - The lipid second messenger diacylglycerol acts by binding to the C1 domains of target proteins, which translocate to cell membranes and are allosterically activated. Here we report the crystal structure at 3.2 A resolution of one such protein, beta2-chimaerin, a GTPase-activating protein for the small GTPase Rac, in its inactive conformation. The structure shows that in the inactive state, the N terminus of beta2-chimaerin protrudes into the active site of the RacGAP domain, sterically blocking Rac binding. The diacylglycerol and phospholipid membrane binding site on the C1 domain is buried by contacts with the four different regions of beta2-chimaerin: the N terminus, SH2 domain, RacGAP domain, and the linker between the SH2 and C1 domains. Phospholipid binding to the C1 domain triggers the cooperative dissociation of these interactions, allowing the N terminus to move out of the active site and thereby activating the enzyme. JF - Cell AU - Canagarajah, Bertram AU - Leskow, Federico Coluccio AU - Ho, Jonathan Yew Seng AU - Mischak, Harald AU - Saidi, Layla F AU - Kazanietz, Marcelo G AU - Hurley, James H AD - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/10/29/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 29 SP - 407 EP - 418 VL - 119 IS - 3 SN - 0092-8674, 0092-8674 KW - Diglycerides KW - 0 KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - beta-chimaerin KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - rac GTP-Binding Proteins KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein Kinase C -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - COS Cells KW - Cercopithecus aethiops KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Mutation KW - Protein Transport -- physiology KW - rac GTP-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Second Messenger Systems -- physiology KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- genetics KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- chemistry KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- metabolism KW - Diglycerides -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67011434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell&rft.atitle=Structural+mechanism+for+lipid+activation+of+the+Rac-specific+GAP%2C+beta2-chimaerin.&rft.au=Canagarajah%2C+Bertram%3BLeskow%2C+Federico+Coluccio%3BHo%2C+Jonathan+Yew+Seng%3BMischak%2C+Harald%3BSaidi%2C+Layla+F%3BKazanietz%2C+Marcelo+G%3BHurley%2C+James+H&rft.aulast=Canagarajah&rft.aufirst=Bertram&rft.date=2004-10-29&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cell&rft.issn=00928674&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - 1XA6; PDB N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Gender Differences in Substance Dependence and Abuse. The NSDUH Report AN - 62126151; ED484696 AB - Males are more likely to use, abuse, and be dependent on alcohol or illicit drugs than females. The 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) asked questions of persons aged 12 or older to assess their use of alcohol and illicit drugs, as well as their symptoms of substance dependence or abuse during the past year. NSDUH defines "any illicit drug" as including marijuana/hashish, cocaine (including crack), inhalants, hallucinogens, heroin, or prescription-type drugs used nonmedically. This report looks at substance use, abuse, and dependence among females and males across age groups. Y1 - 2004/10/29/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 29 SP - 3 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Age KW - Inhalants KW - Substance Abuse KW - Gender Differences KW - Heroin KW - Males KW - Females KW - Marijuana KW - Drug Use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62126151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Gender+Differences+in+Substance+Dependence+and+Abuse.+The+NSDUH+Report&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-10-29&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitive indicators of injury reveal hippocampal damage in C57BL/6J mice treated with kainic acid in the absence of tonic-clonic seizures. AN - 66912614; 15451367 AB - Sensitive indices of neural injury were used to evaluate the time course of kainic acid (KA)-induced hippocampal damage in adult C57BL/6J mice (4 months), a strain previously reported to be resistant to kainate-induced neurotoxicity. Mice were injected systemically with saline or kainate, scored for seizure severity (Racine scale), and allowed to survive 12 h, one, three, or seven days following which they were evaluated for neuropathological changes using histological or biochemical endpoints. Most kainate-treated mice exhibited limited seizure activity (stage 1); however, cupric-silver and Fluoro-Jade B stains revealed significant damage by 12 h post-treatment. Immunohistochemistry and immunoassay of glial fibrillary acidic protein and lectin staining revealed a strong treatment-induced reactive gliosis and microglial activation. Immunostaining for immunoglobulin G revealed a kainate-induced breach in the blood-brain barrier. Nissl and hematoxylin stains provided little information regarding neuronal damage, but revealed the identity of non-resident cells which infiltrated the pyramidal layer. Our data suggest sensitive indicators of neural injury evaluated over a time course, both proximal and distal to treatment, are necessary to reveal the full extent of neuropathological changes which may be underestimated by traditional histological stains. The battery of neuropathological indices reported here reveals the C57BL/6J mouse is sensitive to excitotoxic neural damage caused by kainic acid, in the absence of tonic-clonic seizures. JF - Brain research AU - Benkovic, Stanley Anthony AU - O'Callaghan, James Patrick AU - Miller, Diane Bemis AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mailstop 3014, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/10/22/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 22 SP - 59 EP - 76 VL - 1024 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - 0 KW - Kainic Acid KW - SIV03811UC KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Male KW - Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic -- chemically induced KW - Hippocampus -- metabolism KW - Hippocampus -- injuries KW - Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic -- pathology KW - Hippocampus -- pathology KW - Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic -- metabolism KW - Kainic Acid -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66912614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+research&rft.atitle=Sensitive+indicators+of+injury+reveal+hippocampal+damage+in+C57BL%2F6J+mice+treated+with+kainic+acid+in+the+absence+of+tonic-clonic+seizures.&rft.au=Benkovic%2C+Stanley+Anthony%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+James+Patrick%3BMiller%2C+Diane+Bemis&rft.aulast=Benkovic&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.date=2004-10-22&rft.volume=1024&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiresidue determination of pesticides in malt beverages by capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring. AN - 66969791; 15478993 AB - A method was developed to determine pesticides in malt beverages using solid phase extraction on a polymeric cartridge and sample cleanup with a MgSO4-topped aminopropyl cartridge, followed by capillary gas chromatography with electron impact mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mode [GC-MS(SIM)]. Three GC injections were required to analyze and identify organophosphate, organohalogen, and organonitrogen pesticides. The pesticides were identified by the retention times of peaks of the target ion and qualifier-to-target ion ratios. GC detection limits for most of the pesticides were 5-10 ng/mL, and linearity was determined from 50 to 5000 ng/mL. Fortification studies were performed at 10 ng/mL for three malt beverages that differ in properties such as alcohol content, solids, and appearance. The recoveries from the three malt beverages were greater than 70% for 85 of the 142 pesticides (including isomers) studied. The data showed that the different malt beverage matrixes had no significant effect on the recoveries. This method was then applied to the screening and analysis of malt beverages for pesticides, resulting in the detection of the insectide carbaryl and the fungicide dimethomorph in real samples. The study indicates that pesticide levels in malt beverages are significantly lower than the tolerance levels set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for malt beverage starting ingredients. The use of the extraction/cleanup procedure and analysis by GC-MS(SIM) proved effective in screening malt beverages for a wide variety of pesticides. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Wong, Jon W AU - Webster, Michael G AU - Bezabeh, Dawit Z AU - Hengel, Mathew J AU - Ngim, Kenley K AU - Krynitsky, Alexander J AU - Ebeler, Susan E AD - Alcohol and Tobacco Laboratory, National Laboratory Center, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (formerly the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms), Ammendale, Maryland 20705-1250, USA. jon.wong@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 20 SP - 6361 EP - 6372 VL - 52 IS - 21 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - 0 KW - Insecticides KW - Morpholines KW - Pesticide Residues KW - dimethomorph KW - 110488-70-5 KW - Carbaryl KW - R890C8J3N1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- analysis KW - Carbaryl -- analysis KW - Morpholines -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- analysis KW - Beer -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Edible Grain -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66969791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Multiresidue+determination+of+pesticides+in+malt+beverages+by+capillary+gas+chromatography+with+mass+spectrometry+and+selected+ion+monitoring.&rft.au=Wong%2C+Jon+W%3BWebster%2C+Michael+G%3BBezabeh%2C+Dawit+Z%3BHengel%2C+Mathew+J%3BNgim%2C+Kenley+K%3BKrynitsky%2C+Alexander+J%3BEbeler%2C+Susan+E&rft.aulast=Wong&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft.date=2004-10-20&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=6361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accelerated Approval of Oncology Products: A Decade of Experience AN - 17881194; 6062025 AB - We review the regulatory history of the accelerated approval process and summarize the U.S. Food and Drug Administration experience with accelerated approvals in oncology. The accelerated approval regulations, promulgated in 1992, allow approval of drugs for serious or life-threatening diseases on the basis of a surrogate endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit, such as survival or symptom benefit, pending completion of studies designed to confirm clinical benefit, referred to as phase 4 commitments, which are required to be conducted with due diligence. From 1992 to 2004, 22 applications involving anticancer drugs or biologics were approved. Of these 22 applications, accelerated approval was granted to 15 on the basis of findings from studies without an active comparator (i.e., single-arm studies or studies comparing two dose levels) and to the remaining seven on the basis of one or more randomized studies. Of the 22 approved applications, six (i.e., applications for dexrazoxane, irinotecan, capecitabine, docetaxel, imatinib mesylate, and oxaliplatin) have had one or more indications converted to regular approval. This review reports information that was presented at an Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee meeting held in March 2003; it also presents a discussion of accelerated approval study designs, the study populations evaluated in the accelerated approval and confirmatory settings, and the integration of accelerated approval into a comprehensive drug development plan. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Dagher, Ramzi AU - Johnson, John AU - Williams, Grant AU - Keegan, Patricia AU - Pazdur, Richard AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD Y1 - 2004/10/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 20 SP - 1500 EP - 1509 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 96 IS - 20 SN - 0027-8874, 0027-8874 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Historical account KW - Federal regulations KW - Cancer KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - FDA KW - Drugs KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17881194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Accelerated+Approval+of+Oncology+Products%3A+A+Decade+of+Experience&rft.au=Dagher%2C+Ramzi%3BJohnson%2C+John%3BWilliams%2C+Grant%3BKeegan%2C+Patricia%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Dagher&rft.aufirst=Ramzi&rft.date=2004-10-20&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=1500&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=00278874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Drugs; Historical account; Reviews; Federal regulations; FDA; Cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Considerations in clinical trials of combination antifungal therapy. AN - 67074346; 15546123 AB - The cure rate for serious fungal diseases with currently available agents used as monotherapy is not optimal. The introduction of new classes of antifungal drugs in the last few years naturally leads to the hypothesis that antifungal drugs used in combination may be more effective than the same drugs used alone. The design and interpretation of combination therapy studies raise challenges beyond those encountered when drugs are studied as monotherapy in the treatment of a disease. The definition of combination therapy, the study design, the selection of appropriate patient populations, and the selection of end points, as well as practical considerations, are all important in the design and interpretation of clinical trials of combination therapies. Although combination therapies hold the promise of improved efficacy, it is important to prove this hypothesis, because they also may be associated with increased toxicity and increased drug costs. A careful consideration of study design factors before the initiation of a trial will help obtain the most useful information for patients in this important area. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Powers, John H AD - Antimicrobial Drug Development and Resistance Initiatives, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. powersjoh@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 15 SP - S228 EP - S235 VL - 39 Suppl 4 KW - Antifungal Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Drug Costs KW - Antifungal Agents -- adverse effects KW - Mycoses -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Preventive Medicine KW - Mycoses -- drug therapy KW - Patient Selection KW - Antifungal Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Research Design KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67074346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Considerations+in+clinical+trials+of+combination+antifungal+therapy.&rft.au=Powers%2C+John+H&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-10-15&rft.volume=39+Suppl+4&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S228&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-10-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review and standardization of cell phone exposure calculations using the SAM phantom and anatomically correct head models. AN - 67067429; 15482601 AB - We reviewed articles using computational RF dosimetry to compare the Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) to anatomically correct models of the human head. Published conclusions based on such comparisons have varied widely. We looked for reasons that might cause apparently similar comparisons to produce dissimilar results. We also looked at the information needed to adequately compare the results of computational RF dosimetry studies. We concluded studies were not comparable because of differences in definitions, models, and methodology. Therefore we propose a protocol, developed by an IEEE standards group, as an initial step in alleviating this problem. The protocol calls for a benchmark validation study comparing the SAM phantom to two anatomically correct models of the human head. It also establishes common definitions and reporting requirements that will increase the comparability of all computational RF dosimetry studies of the human head. JF - Biomedical engineering online AU - Beard, Brian B AU - Kainz, Wolfgang AD - Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. brian.beard@fda.hhs.gov Y1 - 2004/10/13/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 13 SP - 34 VL - 3 IS - 1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Computer Simulation KW - Artifacts KW - Ear, External -- anatomy & histology KW - Humans KW - Computational Biology KW - Male KW - Radio Waves KW - Phantoms, Imaging KW - Radiometry -- instrumentation KW - Head KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Cell Phones KW - Radiometry -- standards KW - Models, Anatomic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67067429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomedical+engineering+online&rft.atitle=Review+and+standardization+of+cell+phone+exposure+calculations+using+the+SAM+phantom+and+anatomically+correct+head+models.&rft.au=Beard%2C+Brian+B%3BKainz%2C+Wolfgang&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2004-10-13&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomedical+engineering+online&rft.issn=1475-925X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-11-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Phys Med Biol. 2004 Jan 21;49(2):345-54 [15083675] Health Phys. 1998 Feb;74(2):160-8 [9450585] Health Phys. 1998 Apr;74(4):494-522 [9525427] Phys Med Biol. 2003 Oct 21;48(20):3263-75 [14620057] Phys Med Biol. 2002 May 7;47(9):1501-18 [12043816] Phys Med Biol. 2002 May 21;47(10):1827-35 [12069097] Phys Med Biol. 2003 Oct 7;48(19):3157-70 [14579858] Phys Med Biol. 1994 Oct;39(10):1537-53 [15551530] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postlicensure Safety Surveillance for 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine AN - 18026633; 6048782 AB - CONTEXT: Clinical trials evaluate a vaccine's safety before approval, but some risks may escape detection or adequate characterization until larger population exposures occur after licensure. OBJECTIVE: To summarize reports of events occurring after vaccination with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), including those that may warrant further investigation to assess possible causation by PCV. DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology of reports submitted to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a national passive surveillance database. Setting and Patients United States during first 2 years after licensure of PCV (February 2000 through February 2002). Reports studied were for children younger than 18 years and vaccinated with PCV. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Numbers and proportional distributions of reports. RESULTS: A total of 4154 reports of events following PCV were submitted to VAERS, for a rate of 13.2 reports per 100 000 doses distributed. Multiple vaccines were given in 74.3% of reports.The most frequently reported symptoms and signs included fever, injection site reactions, fussiness, rashes, and urticaria. Serious events were described in 14.6% of reports. There were 117 deaths, 23 reports of positive rechallenges, and 34 cases of invasive pneumococcal infections possibly representing vaccine failure. Immune-mediated events occurred in 31.3% of reports. All 14 patients with anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions survived. Thrombocytopenia developed in 14 patients and serum sickness in 6 others. Neurologic symptoms occurred in 38% of reports. Seizures described in 393 reports included 94 febrile seizures. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of reports to VAERS in the first 2 years after licensure of PCV described generally minor adverse events previously identified in clinical trials. The proportion of reports portraying serious events was similar to that for other vaccines. Although there are important limitations in passive surveillance data, and caution in their interpretation is necessary, symptoms experienced by a few children more than once after successive PCV doses, including allergic reactions, prolonged or abnormal crying, fussiness, dyspnea, and gastrointestinal distress, warrant continued surveillance, as do reports of rare but potentially serious events, such as seizures, anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions, serum sickness, and thrombocytopenia. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Wise, Robert P AU - Iskander, John AU - Pratt, RDouglas AU - Campbell, Scott AU - Ball, Robert AU - Pless, Robert P AU - Braun, MMiles AD - Division of Epidemiology, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD Y1 - 2004/10/13/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 13 SP - 1702 EP - 1710 PB - American Medical Association, 515 N. State St. Chicago IL 60610 USA VL - 292 IS - 14 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - vaccines KW - clinical trials KW - Children KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Epidemiology KW - infection KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18026633?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Postlicensure+Safety+Surveillance+for+7-Valent+Pneumococcal+Conjugate+Vaccine&rft.au=Wise%2C+Robert+P%3BIskander%2C+John%3BPratt%2C+RDouglas%3BCampbell%2C+Scott%3BBall%2C+Robert%3BPless%2C+Robert+P%3BBraun%2C+MMiles&rft.aulast=Wise&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-10-13&rft.volume=292&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1702&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; vaccines; Children; clinical trials; Epidemiology; Mortality; infection ER - TY - RPRT T1 - NATIONAL EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LABORATORIES, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. [Part 1 of 1] T2 - NATIONAL EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LABORATORIES, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. AN - 36368373; 11215-040491_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a National Biocontainment Laboratory (NBL) at the Boston University Medical Center campus in Boston, Massachusetts is proposed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has greatly accelerated its biodefense research program. To meet the nation's biodefense needs, NIAID, in consultation with other experts in the field, developed a strategic plan for addressing emerging infectious diseases and biodefense research. NIAIDs ultimate goal is to develop and improve diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments for diseases caused by infectious agents. Much of this research is conducted in biosafety laboratories. In February 2002, an outside blue ribbon panel of experts provided guidance to NIAID in the form of a strategic plan for biodefense research to accomplish short- and long-term goals for bio defense. The proposed NIAID facility would include Biosafety Level-4 (BSL-4) laboratories in addition to BSL-2 and BSL-3 laboratories, animal rooms, clinical research space, offices, and support space. The NBL would be located at the Boston University Medical Center campus in the South End neighborhood of Boston. The 194,000-square-foot facility would contain state-of-the-art laboratories constructed to NIH safety standards. The facilitywould not be used to develop biological weapons, as such activity s forbidden by federal and international law. The NBL would emphasize comprehensive core research facilities that would enable basic, translational, and clinical research and development on products related to emerging infectious diseases. The facility would contain core support laboratories housing sophisticated facilities, including high-power microscopes, magnetic resonance imaging machines, and diagnostic tools to study new vaccines and drugs to treat infectious diseases. In addition to the proposed action, this draft EIS considers a No Action Alternatives. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The GNL would significantly increase NIAID's research capacity with respect to agents requiring BSL-2, BSL-3, and BSL-4 research space, substantially enhancing NIAID's ability to provide means of dealing with naturally emerging or biotechnologically developed infectious diseases. In addition to its role in federal efforts, the GNL would provide support to state and local public health authorities in the event of a bioterrorist attack or infectious disease emergency. The annual payroll generated by facility operations would amount to $33.0 million, directly generating $72.0 million in overall economic activity. The total annual economic impact of the facility would be $130.5 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Operational water consumption would amount to 45,825 gallons per day, and this consumption level would be matched by peak sewage flows from the site. Though all possible leaks of hazardous materials would be rigorously contained, accidental releases, though highly unlikely, could affect facilitary personnel and members of the local community. LEGAL MANDATES: Project Bioshield Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-276). JF - EPA number: 040491, 187 pages, October 12, 2004 PY - 2004 VL - 1 KW - Defense Programs KW - Biological Agents KW - Buildings KW - Earthquakes KW - Employment KW - Hazardous Materials KW - Health Hazards KW - Health Hazard Analyses KW - Public Health KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Safety Analyses KW - Massachusetts KW - Project Bioshield Act of 2004, Funding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36368373?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-10-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=NATIONAL+EMERGING+INFECTIOUS+DISEASES+LABORATORIES%2C+BOSTON%2C+MASSACHUSETTS.&rft.title=NATIONAL+EMERGING+INFECTIOUS+DISEASES+LABORATORIES%2C+BOSTON%2C+MASSACHUSETTS.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 12, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - NATIONAL EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LABORATORIES, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. AN - 16349182; 11215 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of a National Biocontainment Laboratory (NBL) at the Boston University Medical Center campus in Boston, Massachusetts is proposed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has greatly accelerated its biodefense research program. To meet the nation's biodefense needs, NIAID, in consultation with other experts in the field, developed a strategic plan for addressing emerging infectious diseases and biodefense research. NIAIDs ultimate goal is to develop and improve diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments for diseases caused by infectious agents. Much of this research is conducted in biosafety laboratories. In February 2002, an outside blue ribbon panel of experts provided guidance to NIAID in the form of a strategic plan for biodefense research to accomplish short- and long-term goals for bio defense. The proposed NIAID facility would include Biosafety Level-4 (BSL-4) laboratories in addition to BSL-2 and BSL-3 laboratories, animal rooms, clinical research space, offices, and support space. The NBL would be located at the Boston University Medical Center campus in the South End neighborhood of Boston. The 194,000-square-foot facility would contain state-of-the-art laboratories constructed to NIH safety standards. The facilitywould not be used to develop biological weapons, as such activity s forbidden by federal and international law. The NBL would emphasize comprehensive core research facilities that would enable basic, translational, and clinical research and development on products related to emerging infectious diseases. The facility would contain core support laboratories housing sophisticated facilities, including high-power microscopes, magnetic resonance imaging machines, and diagnostic tools to study new vaccines and drugs to treat infectious diseases. In addition to the proposed action, this draft EIS considers a No Action Alternatives. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The GNL would significantly increase NIAID's research capacity with respect to agents requiring BSL-2, BSL-3, and BSL-4 research space, substantially enhancing NIAID's ability to provide means of dealing with naturally emerging or biotechnologically developed infectious diseases. In addition to its role in federal efforts, the GNL would provide support to state and local public health authorities in the event of a bioterrorist attack or infectious disease emergency. The annual payroll generated by facility operations would amount to $33.0 million, directly generating $72.0 million in overall economic activity. The total annual economic impact of the facility would be $130.5 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Operational water consumption would amount to 45,825 gallons per day, and this consumption level would be matched by peak sewage flows from the site. Though all possible leaks of hazardous materials would be rigorously contained, accidental releases, though highly unlikely, could affect facilitary personnel and members of the local community. LEGAL MANDATES: Project Bioshield Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-276). JF - EPA number: 040491, 187 pages, October 12, 2004 PY - 2004 KW - Defense Programs KW - Biological Agents KW - Buildings KW - Earthquakes KW - Employment KW - Hazardous Materials KW - Health Hazards KW - Health Hazard Analyses KW - Public Health KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Safety Analyses KW - Massachusetts KW - Project Bioshield Act of 2004, Funding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16349182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-10-12&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=NATIONAL+EMERGING+INFECTIOUS+DISEASES+LABORATORIES%2C+BOSTON%2C+MASSACHUSETTS.&rft.title=NATIONAL+EMERGING+INFECTIOUS+DISEASES+LABORATORIES%2C+BOSTON%2C+MASSACHUSETTS.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 12, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-30 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - GALVESTON NATIONAL LABORATORY FOR BIODEFENSE AND EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES RESEARCH FACILITY IN GALVESTON, TEXAS. AN - 36420867; 11208 AB - PURPOSE: The provision of a grant to the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) is proposed to partially fund the construction of a National Biocontainment Laboratory (NBL) on the UTMB campus in Galveston, Texas. The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has greatly accelerated its biodefense research program. To meet the nation's biodefense needs, NIAID, in consultation with other experts in the field, developed a strategic plan for addressing emerging infectious diseases and biodefense research. NIAIDs ultimate goal is to develop and improve diagnostics, vaccines, and treatments for diseases caused by infectious agents. Much of this research is conducted in biosafety laboratories. In February 2002, an outside panel of experts provided guidance to NIAID indicating the lack of a sufficient amount of Biosafety Level-3 (BSL-3) and BSL-4 space as a significant barrier to progress. A grant was awarded to UTMB on September 30, 2003 by NIAID to partially fund an NBL in Galveston to support NIAID's biodefense research agenda of enhancing national security through the development and evaluation of improved diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines for protection against diseases, including those that could be used by bioterrorists. The proposed NBL, to be known as the Galveston National Laboratory (GNL), would consist of a new reinforced concrete, seven-story building housing BSL-2, BSL-3, and BSL-4 facilities, an Arthropod Containment Level-3 insectary, offices, conference rooms, and support facilities, with an overall new area of 82,411 square feet. GNL construction would begin in the summer of 2005 and continue until the summer of 2008. The total cost of the GNL is estimated at $147.0 million. NIAID would fund approximately $110 million, with UTMB providing the remaining capital under a matching fund arrangement. In addition to the proposed action, this draft EIS considers a No Action Alternative. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The GNL would significantly increase NIAID's research capacity with respect to agents requiring BSL-2, BSL-3, and BSL-4 research space, substantially enhancing NIAID's ability to provide means of dealing with naturally emerging or biotechnologically developed infectious diseases. In addition to its role in federal efforts, the GNL would provide support to state and local public health authorities in the event of a bioterrorist attack or infectious disease emergency. The GNL would generate 270 direct new jobs and 328 jobs in total. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: The GNL would occupy one acre within the footprint of the Bail Borden Building, which would be demolished in early 2005. The total construction area of the GNL site would cover 6.9 acres, including a plaza within the 200-foot security perimeter. The facility would lie within a seismically active area known as the Gulf Coast Normal Faults Region. Though all possible leaks of hazardous materials would be rigorously contained, accidental releases, though highly unlikely, could affect facilitary personnel and members of the local community. LEGAL MANDATES: Project Bioshield Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-276). JF - EPA number: 040484, 212 pages and maps, October 8, 2004 PY - 2004 KW - Defense Programs KW - Biological Agents KW - Buildings KW - Earthquakes KW - Employment KW - Hazardous Materials KW - Health Hazards KW - Health Hazard Analyses KW - Public Health KW - Research KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Safety Analyses KW - Texas KW - Project Bioshield Act of 2004, Funding UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36420867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-10-08&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=GALVESTON+NATIONAL+LABORATORY+FOR+BIODEFENSE+AND+EMERGING+INFECTIOUS+DISEASES+RESEARCH+FACILITY+IN+GALVESTON%2C+TEXAS.&rft.title=GALVESTON+NATIONAL+LABORATORY+FOR+BIODEFENSE+AND+EMERGING+INFECTIOUS+DISEASES+RESEARCH+FACILITY+IN+GALVESTON%2C+TEXAS.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: October 8, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - REVIEW: Toxicities of hemoglobin solutions: in search of in-vitro and in-vivo model systems AN - 745713062; 6597397 AB - Several hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) have been developed with a rationale focused on exploiting one or more physicochemical properties (e.g., oxygen affinity, molecular weight, viscosity, and colloid osmotic pressure) resulting from the chemical or recombinant modification of hemoglobin (Hb). Several chemically modified Hbs have reached late stages of clinical evaluation in the United States and Canada. These Hbs, in general, demonstrated mixed preclinical safety and efficacy, and reasonable safety in Phase I trials. However, as clinical development shifted into later stages, an undesirable safety and efficacy profile became clear in patient populations studied, and as a result some products were withdrawn from further clinical pursuit. Several questions still remain unanswered regarding the safety of Hb products for their proposed clinical indication(s). For example, 1) were preclinical studies predictive of clinical outcome? And, 2) were the most appropriate preclinical studies performed to predict clinical outcome? The primary objectives of this analysis are to explore prelinical safety issues associated with HBOCs and provide an overview of the in-vitro and in-vivo models employed. The methods for obtaining data to serve as a basis for discussion are compiled from a literature-based survey of safety and efficacy derived from biochemical, cellular, and whole animal assessment of HBOCs. Results from this overview of a vast body of published data may provide a means for identifying critical preclinical safety issues, which may ultimately lead to identification of potential limitations in the effective clinical use of certain HBOCs. JF - Transfusion AU - Buehler, Paul W AU - Alayash, Abdu I AD - Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology; the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, alayash@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 1516 EP - 1530 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 44 IS - 10 SN - 0041-1132, 0041-1132 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Colloids KW - Physicochemical properties KW - Population studies KW - Development KW - Toxicity KW - Osmotic pressure KW - Clinical trials KW - Hemoglobin KW - Oxygen KW - Viscosity KW - Molecular weight KW - Reviews KW - X 24310:Pharmaceuticals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/745713062?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transfusion&rft.atitle=REVIEW%3A+Toxicities+of+hemoglobin+solutions%3A+in+search+of+in-vitro+and+in-vivo+model+systems&rft.au=Buehler%2C+Paul+W%3BAlayash%2C+Abdu+I&rft.aulast=Buehler&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transfusion&rft.issn=00411132&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1537-2995.2004.04081.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Tables, 4; formulas, 4; references, 152. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Colloids; Physicochemical properties; Population studies; Toxicity; Development; Clinical trials; Osmotic pressure; Hemoglobin; Oxygen; Viscosity; Reviews; Molecular weight DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.04081.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Migration of a UV stabilizer from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into food simulants. AN - 67264666; 15712525 AB - The migration characteristics of the UV stabilizer Tinuvin 234 (2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol) into food simulants has been measured from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using HPLC with UV detection. Ethanol/ water, isooctane and a fractionated coconut oil simulant (Miglyol) were used as food simulating solvents. The migration characteristics were measured at temperatures in the range of 40-70 degrees C. Diffusion coefficients were determined to be in the range of 1 x 10(-14) cm2 s(-1) to 1 x 10(-18) cm2 s(-1). At 40 degrees C, the amount of migration into 95% ethanol after 10 days was 2 microg dm(-2). Isooctane is determined to be a good fatty food simulant that provides similar results for PET to those of fatty foods. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Begley, T H AU - Biles, J E AU - Cunningham, C AU - Piringer, O AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD 20740, USA. timothy.begley@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 1007 EP - 1014 VL - 21 IS - 10 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Polyethylene Terephthalates KW - 0 KW - Triazoles KW - tinuvin KW - 3896-11-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Temperature KW - Triazoles -- chemistry KW - Diffusion KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Polyethylene Terephthalates -- chemistry KW - Food Packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67264666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Migration+of+a+UV+stabilizer+from+polyethylene+terephthalate+%28PET%29+into+food+simulants.&rft.au=Begley%2C+T+H%3BBiles%2C+J+E%3BCunningham%2C+C%3BPiringer%2C+O&rft.aulast=Begley&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1007&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-06-03 N1 - Date created - 2005-02-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Industries in the United States with airborne beryllium exposure and estimates of the number of current workers potentially exposed. AN - 67220733; 15631056 AB - Estimates of the number of workers in the United States occupationally exposed to beryllium were published in the 1970s and 1980s and ranged from 21,200 to 800,000. We obtained information from several sources to identify specific industries with beryllium exposure and to estimate the number of current workers potentially exposed to beryllium. We spoke with representatives from the primary beryllium industry and government agencies about the number of exposed workers in their facilities. To identify industries in the private sector but outside the primary industry, we used data from the Integrated Management Information System (IMIS), which is managed by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and the Health Hazard Evaluation program of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. We used IMIS data from OSHA inspections with a previously developed algorithm to estimate the number of potentially exposed workers in nonprimary industries. Workers potentially exposed to beryllium included 1500 current employees in the primary beryllium industry and 26,500 individuals currently working for the Department of Energy or the Department of Defense. We identified 108 four-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) categories in which at least one measurement of airborne beryllium was > or = 0.1 microg/m3. Based on the subset of 94 SIC categories with beryllium > or = 0.1 microg/m3, we estimated 26,400 to 106,000 workers may be exposed in the private sector (outside the primary industry). In total, there are as many as 134,000 current workers in government and private industry potentially exposed to beryllium in the United States. We recommend that the results of this study be used to target at-risk audiences for hazard communications intended to prevent beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Henneberger, Paul K AU - Goe, Sandra K AU - Miller, William E AU - Doney, Brent AU - Groce, Dennis W AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. pkh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 648 EP - 659 VL - 1 IS - 10 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Beryllium KW - OW5102UV6N KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Private Sector KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Federal Government KW - Immunization KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Berylliosis -- etiology KW - Berylliosis -- epidemiology KW - Industry -- statistics & numerical data KW - Beryllium -- adverse effects KW - Beryllium -- analysis KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67220733?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+microbial+pathogens&rft.au=Cebula%2C+T&rft.aulast=Cebula&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-24 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Occup Environ Hyg. 2005 Jun;2(6):D48-50 [16020086] J Occup Environ Hyg. 2006 Apr;3(4):D42-3 [16507518] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Median-of-subsets normalization of intensities for cDNA array data. AN - 67165031; 15585123 AB - cDNA arrays allow quantitative measurement of expression levels for thousands of genes simultaneously. The measurements are affected by many sources of variation, and substantial improvements in the precision of estimated effects accompany adjustments for these effects. Two generic nuisance variations, one associated with the magnitude of expression and the other associated with array location, are common in data from filter arrays. Procedures, like normalization using lowess regression, are effective at reducing variation associated with magnitude, and they have been widely adopted. However, variation associated with location has received less attention. Here, a simple, but effective method based on localized median is expounded for dealing with these nuisance effects, and its properties are discussed. The proposed methodology handles location-dependent variation ("splotches") and magnitude-dependent variation (background and/or saturation) effectively. The procedure is related to lowess when implemented to adjust magnitude-dependent variation, and it performs similarly. The proposed methodology is illustrated with data from the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), where treatment differences in levels of mRNA from rat hepatocytes were assessed using 33P-labeled samples hybridized to cDNA spotted arrays. Normalizing intensities by the median-of-subsets removes systematic variation associated with the location of a gene on the array and/or the level of its expression. This procedure is easy to implement using iteratively reweighted least-squares algorithms. Although less sophisticated than lowess, this procedure works nearly as well for normalizing intensities based upon their magnitude. Unlike lowess, it can adjust for location-dependent effects. JF - DNA and cell biology AU - Delongchamp, Robert R AU - Velasco, Cruz AU - Razzaghi, Mehdi AU - Harris, Angela AU - Casciano, Dan AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. rdelongchamp@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 653 EP - 659 VL - 23 IS - 10 SN - 1044-5498, 1044-5498 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA, Complementary -- genetics KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67165031?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DNA+and+cell+biology&rft.atitle=Median-of-subsets+normalization+of+intensities+for+cDNA+array+data.&rft.au=Delongchamp%2C+Robert+R%3BVelasco%2C+Cruz%3BRazzaghi%2C+Mehdi%3BHarris%2C+Angela%3BCasciano%2C+Dan&rft.aulast=Delongchamp&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=653&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=DNA+and+cell+biology&rft.issn=10445498&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene selection for sample classifications in microarray experiments. AN - 67163464; 15585118 AB - DNA microarray technology provides useful tools for profiling global gene expression patterns in different cell/tissue samples. One major challenge is the large number of genes relative to the number of samples. The use of all genes can suppress or reduce the performance of a classification rule due to the noise of nondiscriminatory genes. Selection of an optimal subset from the original gene set becomes an important prestep in sample classification. In this study, we propose a family-wise error (FWE) rate approach to selection of discriminatory genes for two-sample or multiple-sample classification. The FWE approach controls the probability of the number of one or more false positives at a prespecified level. A public colon cancer data set is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach for the two classification methods: k nearest neighbors (k-NN) and support vector machine (SVM). The selected gene sets from the proposed procedure appears to perform better than or comparable to several results reported in the literature using the univariate analysis without performing multivariate search. In addition, we apply the FWE approach to a toxicogenomic data set with nine treatments (a control and eight metals, As, Cd, Ni, Cr, Sb, Pb, Cu, and AsV) for a total of 55 samples for a multisample classification. Two gene sets are considered: the gene set omegaF formed by the ANOVA F-test, and a gene set omegaT formed by the union of one-versus-all t-tests. The predicted accuracies are evaluated using the internal and external crossvalidation. Using the SVM classification, the overall accuracies to predict 55 samples into one of the nine treatments are above 80% for internal crossvalidation. OmegaF has slightly higher accuracy rates than omegaT. The overall predicted accuracies are above 70% for the external crossvalidation; the two gene sets omegaT and omegaF performed equally well. JF - DNA and cell biology AU - Tsai, Chen-An AU - Chen, Chun-Houh AU - Lee, Te-Chang AU - Ho, I-Ching AU - Yang, Ueng-Cheng AU - Chen, James J AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 607 EP - 614 VL - 23 IS - 10 SN - 1044-5498, 1044-5498 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Colonic Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Skin -- drug effects KW - Skin -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis KW - Selection, Genetic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67163464?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DNA+and+cell+biology&rft.atitle=Gene+selection+for+sample+classifications+in+microarray+experiments.&rft.au=Tsai%2C+Chen-An%3BChen%2C+Chun-Houh%3BLee%2C+Te-Chang%3BHo%2C+I-Ching%3BYang%2C+Ueng-Cheng%3BChen%2C+James+J&rft.aulast=Tsai&rft.aufirst=Chen-An&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=DNA+and+cell+biology&rft.issn=10445498&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hexavalent chromium and lung cancer in the chromate industry: a quantitative risk assessment. AN - 67100955; 15563281 AB - The purpose of this investigation was to estimate excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death resulting from occupational exposure to hexavalent-chromium-containing dusts and mists. The mortality experience in a previously studied cohort of 2,357 chromate chemical production workers with 122 lung cancer deaths was analyzed with Poisson regression methods. Extensive records of air samples evaluated for water-soluble total hexavalent chromium were available for the entire employment history of this cohort. Six different models of exposure-response for hexavalent chromium were evaluated by comparing deviances and inspection of cubic splines. Smoking (pack-years) imputed from cigarette use at hire was included in the model. Lifetime risks of lung cancer death from exposure to hexavalent chromium (assuming up to 45 years of exposure) were estimated using an actuarial calculation that accounts for competing causes of death. A linear relative rate model gave a good and readily interpretable fit to the data. The estimated rate ratio for 1 mg/m3-yr of cumulative exposure to hexavalent chromium (as CrO3), with a lag of five years, was RR=2.44 (95% CI=1.54-3.83). The excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death from exposure to hexavalent chromium at the current OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) (0.10 mg/m3) was estimated to be 255 per 1,000 (95% CI: 109-416). This estimate is comparable to previous estimates by U.S. EPA, California EPA, and OSHA using different occupational data. Our analysis predicts that current occupational standards for hexavalent chromium permit a lifetime excess risk of dying of lung cancer that exceeds 1 in 10, which is consistent with previous risk assessments. JF - Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis AU - Park, Robert M AU - Bena, James F AU - Stayner, Leslie T AU - Smith, Randall J AU - Gibb, Herman J AU - Lees, Peter S J AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. rhp9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 1099 EP - 1108 VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0272-4332, 0272-4332 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Biometry KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Lung Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Chromium -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67100955?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.atitle=Hexavalent+chromium+and+lung+cancer+in+the+chromate+industry%3A+a+quantitative+risk+assessment.&rft.au=Park%2C+Robert+M%3BBena%2C+James+F%3BStayner%2C+Leslie+T%3BSmith%2C+Randall+J%3BGibb%2C+Herman+J%3BLees%2C+Peter+S+J&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1099&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Risk+analysis+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Society+for+Risk+Analysis&rft.issn=02724332&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Radiation doses in pediatric radiology: influence of regulations and standards. AN - 67094320; 15558268 AB - The benefits of x-ray examinations contribute to the quality of modern medicine; however the risk of using x-rays, a carcinogen, has always been a concern. This concern is heightened for pediatric patients, who have a much greater sensitivity to the carcinogenic effects of radiation than adults. The principle of as low as reasonably achievable, or ALARA, is essential for minimizing the radiation dose patients receive, especially for pediatric patients. In order to keep radiation doses ALARA, one must know the dose patients receive. The determination of radiation dose in a standard way is therefore necessary so that these doses can be compared with practice, and for meaningful comparison against voluntary standards. In extreme situations, where public health needs may require mandatory standards, or regulations, the quantitative measurement and calculation of radiation dose becomes essential. How some radiation dose metrics and standards have evolved, including the value of different metrics such as entrance air kerma, organ dose, and effective dose will be presented. Recent pediatric x-ray studies, whether or not dedicated pediatric equipment is necessary, and recent initiatives by the Food and Drug Administration for pediatric population will be discussed. JF - Pediatric radiology AU - Suleiman, O H Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - S242 EP - S246 VL - 34 Suppl 3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Radiation Tolerance KW - Child KW - Radiography -- standards KW - Radiation Dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67094320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pediatric+radiology&rft.atitle=Radiation+doses+in+pediatric+radiology%3A+influence+of+regulations+and+standards.&rft.au=Suleiman%2C+O+H&rft.aulast=Suleiman&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=34+Suppl+3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatric+radiology&rft.issn=03010449&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An IAQ overview. Increasing ventilation is a fundamental method to reduce concentrations of several substances of concern. AN - 67075560; 15553419 JF - Occupational health & safety (Waco, Tex.) AU - Williams, Don AD - Indian Health Service, USPHS, Tucson, Ariz., USA. donald.williams@mail.ihs.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 66 EP - 71, 93, 96 VL - 73 IS - 10 SN - 0362-4064, 0362-4064 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Housing KW - Environmental Health KW - Humans KW - Fungi KW - Construction Materials KW - Carbon Monoxide Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Household Products KW - Ventilation KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67075560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+health+%26+safety+%28Waco%2C+Tex.%29&rft.atitle=An+IAQ+overview.+Increasing+ventilation+is+a+fundamental+method+to+reduce+concentrations+of+several+substances+of+concern.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Don&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Don&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+health+%26+safety+%28Waco%2C+Tex.%29&rft.issn=03624064&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid for genotoxicity in the mouse micronucleus assay. AN - 67064507; 15542759 AB - Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is an endogenous compound found in the brain and other tissues of mammals. Neurotransmitter/neuromodulator functions have been ascribed to GHB, which has lately become a drug of abuse. In this study, we tested GHB for genotoxicity by measuring its ability to induce micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes (reticulocytes) in the peripheral blood of mice. Intraperitoneal injection with a dose of 25 mg/kg/day for 3 days or 50 mg/kg/day x 3 days resulted in a significant (by Dunnett's test) increase of 1.9- to 2.1-fold in micronuclei. However, because increases were small and because no consistent dose-dependent increase in induced micronuclear frequency could be demonstrated, our results do not conclusively show that GHB is an in vivo genotoxicant in mammals. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Dass, S Balachandra AU - Ali, Syed F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 538 EP - 542 VL - 1025 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Hydroxybutyrates KW - 0 KW - 4-hydroxybutyric acid KW - 30IW36W5B2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- statistics & numerical data KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests -- methods KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods KW - Male KW - Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective -- drug effects KW - Micronucleus Tests -- methods KW - Hydroxybutyrates -- toxicity KW - Micronucleus Tests -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67064507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+gamma-hydroxybutyric+acid+for+genotoxicity+in+the+mouse+micronucleus+assay.&rft.au=Dass%2C+S+Balachandra%3BAli%2C+Syed+F&rft.aulast=Dass&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=1025&rft.issue=&rft.spage=538&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid induction of protective tolerance to potential terrorist agents: a systematic review of low- and ultra-low dose research. AN - 67062863; 15532694 AB - To systematically review the literature on the ability of low-dose (LD) and ultra-low-dose (ULD) toxin exposure to prevent and treat biological and chemical threats. Laboratory research articles on protection or treatment from LD or ULD exposure for the 13 high-risk chemical and biological warfare threats were collected and systematically evaluated for quantity and scientific quality using pre-defined methodological criteria. Over 2600 articles were screened. Only five studies met the inclusion criteria examining stimulation and protective effects of LD- or ULD-exposures to the 13 pre-identified biological and chemical agents. The quality evaluation (QE) of these studies was above average with a mean QE score of 70.6% of maximum. Two articles of fair to good quality reported both protective and treatment efficacy from exposure of animals or humans to LD- and ULD-exposures to toxins of risk in biochemical warfare. There is little research on agents of biological and chemical warfare investigating the possible use of LD- and ULD-toxins for protection and treatment. The existing literature is generally of good quality and indicates that rapid induction of protective tolerance is a feasible but under-investigated approach to bioterrorist or biowarfare defense. In our opinion, further research into the role of induced protection with LD- and ULD-toxic agents is needed. JF - Homeopathy : the journal of the Faculty of Homeopathy AU - Szeto, A L AU - Rollwagen, F AU - Jonas, W B AD - Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 173 EP - 178 VL - 93 IS - 4 SN - 1475-4916, 1475-4916 KW - Chemical Warfare Agents KW - 0 KW - Protective Agents KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Disaster Planning -- methods KW - Research Design KW - Chemical Warfare Agents -- metabolism KW - Protective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Homeopathy -- methods KW - Bioterrorism -- prevention & control KW - Biological Warfare -- prevention & control KW - Chemical Warfare -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67062863?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Homeopathy+%3A+the+journal+of+the+Faculty+of+Homeopathy&rft.atitle=Rapid+induction+of+protective+tolerance+to+potential+terrorist+agents%3A+a+systematic+review+of+low-+and+ultra-low+dose+research.&rft.au=Szeto%2C+A+L%3BRollwagen%2C+F%3BJonas%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Szeto&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Homeopathy+%3A+the+journal+of+the+Faculty+of+Homeopathy&rft.issn=14754916&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blockade of mesolimbic dopamine D3 receptors inhibits stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking in rats. AN - 66964991; 15083257 AB - The dopamine (DA) D3 receptor is preferentially expressed in the mesolimbic system. We have previously shown that selective D3 receptor blockade by the novel D3 antagonist SB-277011A inhibits cocaine's reinforcing action and cocaine-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. In the present study, we investigated whether SB-277011A similarly inhibits stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. Rats were allowed to self-administer cocaine (0.5 mg/kg per infusion, 3 h per session) for 10-14 days, followed by a once-daily extinction session for 7-14 days during which saline was substituted for cocaine. Extinction criteria were fewer than ten lever-presses per 3-h session for at least 3 consecutive days. After cocaine-seeking behavior was extinguished, each animal was tested twice for footshock-stress-induced reinstatement, once with vehicle (25% hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin) and once with one of three doses of SB-277011A in counterbalanced fashion. During the last 3 days of cocaine self-administration (SA), active lever-presses were approximately 100 per session under fixed-ratio 2 reinforcement (approximately 25 mg/kg cocaine per session). After extinction, intermittent footshock (10 min, 0.5 mA, 0.5 s on with a mean inter-shock interval of 40 s) robustly reinstated the cocaine-seeking behavior (8.4+/-3.6 active lever-presses in last extinction session to 35.3+/-5.2 in animals after footshock stress). Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of SB-277011A (3, 6, and 12 mg/kg) dose-dependently blocked stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking. Reinstatement was also blocked by microinjections of SB-277011A (1.5 microg/0.5 microl per side) bilaterally into the nucleus accumbens, but not into the dorsal striatum. The mesolimic DA D3 receptor plays an important role in mediating stress-induced reinstatement. JF - Psychopharmacology AU - Xi, Zheng-Xiong AU - Gilbert, Jeremy AU - Campos, Arlene C AU - Kline, Nicole AU - Ashby, Charles R AU - Hagan, Jim J AU - Heidbreder, Christian A AU - Gardner, Eliot L AD - Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. zxi@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 57 EP - 65 VL - 176 IS - 1 SN - 0033-3158, 0033-3158 KW - Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Drd3 protein, rat KW - Nitriles KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 KW - Receptors, Dopamine D3 KW - SB 277011 KW - Tetrahydroisoquinolines KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Tetrahydroisoquinolines -- therapeutic use KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome -- complications KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Conditioning, Operant -- physiology KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- ultrastructure KW - Rats KW - Self Administration -- methods KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Extinction, Psychological -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Nitriles -- pharmacology KW - Infusions, Intravenous KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- drug effects KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Reinforcement (Psychology) KW - Tetrahydroisoquinolines -- pharmacology KW - Extinction, Psychological -- physiology KW - Microinjections KW - Nitriles -- therapeutic use KW - Cocaine -- administration & dosage KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- physiology KW - Cocaine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Stress, Psychological -- physiopathology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Dopamine D2 -- physiology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Secondary Prevention KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Stress, Psychological -- prevention & control KW - Stress, Psychological -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66964991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Blockade+of+mesolimbic+dopamine+D3+receptors+inhibits+stress-induced+reinstatement+of+cocaine-seeking+in+rats.&rft.au=Xi%2C+Zheng-Xiong%3BGilbert%2C+Jeremy%3BCampos%2C+Arlene+C%3BKline%2C+Nicole%3BAshby%2C+Charles+R%3BHagan%2C+Jim+J%3BHeidbreder%2C+Christian+A%3BGardner%2C+Eliot+L&rft.aulast=Xi&rft.aufirst=Zheng-Xiong&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Behav Pharmacol. 2002 Sep;13(5-6):355-66 [12394411] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2002 Oct;163(3-4):265-82 [12373428] Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Feb;28(2):329-38 [12589386] Synapse. 2003 Jun 1;48(3):154-6 [12645041] Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Jul;28(7):1272-80 [12700694] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Jul;168(1-2):3-20 [12402102] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Jul;168(1-2):21-30 [12695875] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2003 Jul;168(1-2):31-41 [12721778] J Med Chem. 2003 Aug 28;46(18):3822-39 [12930145] Biochem Pharmacol. 1992 Feb 18;43(4):659-66 [1347215] Brain Res. 1991 Nov 15;564(2):203-19 [1839781] J Psychoactive Drugs. 1992 Apr-Jun;24(2):213-22 [1507002] J Neurochem. 1993 Feb;60(2):602-12 [7678287] Neuroscience. 1993 Apr;53(3):695-703 [7683777] Science. 1993 Jun 18;260(5115):1814-6 [8099761] Brain Res. 1993 Sep 3;621(1):65-70 [8221074] Eur J Neurosci. 1993 Feb 1;5(2):145-53 [8261096] Addiction. 1994 Nov;89(11):1559-63 [7841871] Brain Res. 1995 Mar 27;675(1-2):325-8 [7796146] Neuroscience. 1995 Apr;65(3):731-45 [7609872] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1995 Jun;119(3):334-41 [7675970] Mol Neurobiol. 1995 Aug-Dec;11(1-3):1-19 [8561954] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1996 Apr;124(4):306-14 [8739545] Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1996 Apr;6(2):243-51 [8725967] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1996 May;125(1):13-22 [8724444] J Neurochem. 1996 Sep;67(3):1078-89 [8752115] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1996 Jun;125(4):385-91 [8826544] J Neurosci. 1997 Apr 1;17(7):2605-14 [9065520] Neuroreport. 1997 Jul 7;8(9-10):2373-7 [9243643] Pharmacol Rev. 1997 Sep;49(3):231-52 [9311022] Science. 1997 Oct 3;278(5335):66-70 [9311929] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999 Mar;142(3):221-9 [10208313] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1999 Mar;142(4):343-51 [10229058] Nature. 1999 Jul 22;400(6742):371-5 [10432116] Addiction. 1999 Mar;94(3):327-40 [10605857] Eur J Neurosci. 2000 Jan;12(1):292-302 [10651884] J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2000 Mar;25(2):125-36 [10740986] Eur Psychiatry. 2000 Mar;15(2):140-6 [10881212] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Sep;294(3):1154-65 [10945872] Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2000 Aug;33(1):13-33 [10967352] Eur J Pharmacol. 2000 Oct 27;407(1-2):47-51 [11050289] Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2000 Sep;1(1):110-5 [11249586] Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001 Feb;2(2):119-28 [11252991] Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 Jul 20;424(2):85-90 [11476753] Xenobiotica. 2001 Aug-Sep;31(8-9):677-86 [11569533] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 Dec;158(4):343-59 [11797055] Pharmacol Rev. 2002 Mar;54(1):1-42 [11870259] Biosci Rep. 2001 Jun;21(3):247-69 [11892993] Biol Psychiatry. 2002 May 15;51(10):775-87 [12007451] J Neurosci. 2002 Jul 1;22(13):5713-8 [12097523] J Neurosci. 2002 Nov 1;22(21):9595-603 [12417684] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antiinflammatory triterpenoid saponins from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis. AN - 66934228; 15467246 AB - Phytochemical study of the ethanol extract of the seeds of Aesculus chinensis led to the isolation of a new triterpenoid saponin (6), together with five known triterpenoid saponins (1-5). The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of spectral data to be 21,28-di-O-acetylprotoaescigenin-3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-2)][beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-4)]-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (aesculiside A, 6). The antiinflammatory activities of the four main saponins (1-4) were compared with those of total saponin extracts, and single saponins showed more potent activity than total saponin extracts in mice. JF - Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin AU - Wei, Feng AU - Ma, Lin-Yun AU - Jin, Wen-Tao AU - Ma, Shuang-Cheng AU - Han, Guo-Zhu AU - Khan, Ikhlas Ahmad AU - Lin, Rui-Chao AD - Division of Chinese Materia Medica and Natural Products, National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing, Peoples's Republic of China. hograwei@hotmail.com Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 1246 EP - 1248 VL - 52 IS - 10 SN - 0009-2363, 0009-2363 KW - 21,28-di-O-acetylprotoaescigenin-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-2)9beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-4))-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid KW - 0 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents KW - Plant Extracts KW - Saponins KW - Triterpenes KW - Xylenes KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Edema -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Seeds KW - Xylenes -- adverse effects KW - Mice KW - Edema -- drug therapy KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents -- chemistry KW - Triterpenes -- chemistry KW - Saponins -- chemistry KW - Saponins -- pharmacology KW - Aesculus KW - Triterpenes -- pharmacology KW - Triterpenes -- isolation & purification KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents -- isolation & purification KW - Saponins -- isolation & purification KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66934228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+%26+pharmaceutical+bulletin&rft.atitle=Antiinflammatory+triterpenoid+saponins+from+the+seeds+of+Aesculus+chinensis.&rft.au=Wei%2C+Feng%3BMa%2C+Lin-Yun%3BJin%2C+Wen-Tao%3BMa%2C+Shuang-Cheng%3BHan%2C+Guo-Zhu%3BKhan%2C+Ikhlas+Ahmad%3BLin%2C+Rui-Chao&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=Feng&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1246&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+%26+pharmaceutical+bulletin&rft.issn=00092363&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respiratory protection against bioaerosols: literature review and research needs. AN - 66924438; 15454893 AB - Research on respiratory protection against biologic agents is important to address major concerns such as occupational safety and terrorist attack. This review describes the literature on respiratory protection against bioaerosols and identifies research gaps. Respiratory protection is a complex field involving a number of factors, such as the efficiency of respirator filter material; face-piece fitting; and maintenance, storage, and reuse of respirators. Several studies used nonpathogenic microorganisms having physical characteristics similar to that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to analyze microbial penetration through respirators. Some studies showed that high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) and N95 filters provided a higher level of protection than dust/mist (DM) and dust/mist/fume (DMF) filters. Flow rate and relative humidity appear to alter the level of penetration of microorganisms through respirator filters. The relationship between microbial penetration through respirator filters and the aerodynamic diameter, length, or other physical characteristics of microorganisms remains controversial. Whether reaerosolization of bioaerosol particles should be a concern is unclear, given the fact that one study has demonstrated significant reaerosolization of 1- to 5-microm particles loaded onto respirator filters. Respirator maintenance, storage, and decontamination are important factors to be considered when reusing respirators. The respiratory protection against biologic warfare agents such as anthrax in military and civilian situations is described. JF - American journal of infection control AU - Rengasamy, Appavoo AU - Zhuang, Ziqing AU - Berryann, Roland AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, Bruceton, Pa 15236, USA. rda5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 345 EP - 354 VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 0196-6553, 0196-6553 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Humans KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional KW - Particle Size KW - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary -- transmission KW - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary -- prevention & control KW - Decontamination KW - Needs Assessment KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Air Microbiology KW - Research KW - Female KW - Male KW - Occupational Health KW - Communicable Disease Control -- methods KW - Aerosols -- adverse effects KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- trends KW - Respiratory Protective Devices -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66924438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+infection+control&rft.atitle=Respiratory+protection+against+bioaerosols%3A+literature+review+and+research+needs.&rft.au=Rengasamy%2C+Appavoo%3BZhuang%2C+Ziqing%3BBerryann%2C+Roland&rft.aulast=Rengasamy&rft.aufirst=Appavoo&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+infection+control&rft.issn=01966553&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupation and bladder cancer risk in a population-based case-control study in New Hampshire. AN - 66924276; 15456989 AB - To identify occupations with excess bladder cancer risk in New Hampshire, where bladder cancer mortality rates have been elevated for decades. Lifetime occupational histories were obtained from interviews with 424 cases and 645 controls in a population-based case-control study. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (Ors) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each occupation, adjusted for age and smoking. Analyses by duration of employment were carried out and interactions with smoking were examined. Male tractor-trailer truck drivers had an elevated risk for bladder cancer (OR = 2.4, CI = 1.4-4.1), with a significant positive trend in risk with increasing duration of employment (P (trend) = 0.0003). Male metal/plastic processing machine operators also had a significant excess (OR = 4.9, CI = 1.6-15.1), attributable mainly to molding/casting machine operators (OR = 16.6, CI = 2.1-131). Elevated risk was also observed for male fabricators, assemblers, and hand workers (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.0-3.4). Women in certain sales occupations (sales clerks, counter clerks, and cashiers) had a significant excess risk (OR = 2.2, CI = 1.3-3.9) and a significant trend with duration of employment (P (trend) = 0.016), as did female health service workers (OR = 4.1, CI = 1.6-10.7; P (trend) = 0.014). There was a positive interaction between smoking and employment as a health service worker (p = 0.036). These findings are generally consistent with previous studies. Elevated risks for male molding/casting machine operators, female salesworkers, and female health service workers, especially those with a history of smoking, require further investigation. JF - Cancer causes & control : CCC AU - Colt, Joanne S AU - Baris, Dalsu AU - Stewart, Patricia AU - Schned, Alan R AU - Heaney, John A AU - Mott, Leila A AU - Silverman, Debra AU - Karagas, Margaret AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Occupational And Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892-7240, USA. coltj@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 759 EP - 769 VL - 15 IS - 8 SN - 0957-5243, 0957-5243 KW - Index Medicus KW - New Hampshire -- epidemiology KW - Sex Factors KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Registries -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66924276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.atitle=Occupation+and+bladder+cancer+risk+in+a+population-based+case-control+study+in+New+Hampshire.&rft.au=Colt%2C+Joanne+S%3BBaris%2C+Dalsu%3BStewart%2C+Patricia%3BSchned%2C+Alan+R%3BHeaney%2C+John+A%3BMott%2C+Leila+A%3BSilverman%2C+Debra%3BKaragas%2C+Margaret&rft.aulast=Colt&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.issn=09575243&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The incidence of Kaposi sarcoma among injection drug users with AIDS in the United States. AN - 66906046; 15385736 AB - Some studies report increased prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the causative agent of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), among injection drug users (IDUs), suggesting that HHV-8 may be transmitted through blood-borne or other exposures common in this population. Since an elevated HHV-8 prevalence in IDUs would likely lead to increased KS incidence, KS incidence was studied in IDUs and non-IDU's with AIDS. AIDS-related KS cases were identified using linked US AIDS and cancer registry data for 25,891 women, 47,782 heterosexual men, and 90,616 men who have sex with men (MSM). KS arose in 7099 persons with AIDS. KS incidence was highest for MSM (5.7 per 100 person-years), substantially lower for heterosexual men (0.7 per 100 person-years), and lowest for women (0.4 per 100 person-years). After adjustment for age, race, registry location, and year of AIDS onset, relative risks for KS associated with injection drug use were 1.3 (95% CI, 0.9-1.8) among women, 1.1 (0.7-1.6) among heterosexual men, and 0.9 (0.8-0.9) among MSM. It is concluded that injection drug use was not associated with an increased risk of AIDS-related KS. Thus, these data suggest that IDUs' risk of acquiring HHV-8, through needle sharing or other behaviors related to injection drug use, is low. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Atkinson, Jonnae O AU - Biggar, Robert J AU - Goedert, James J AU - Engels, Eric A AD - Viral Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/10/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 01 SP - 1282 EP - 1287 VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Herpesvirus 8, Human -- isolation & purification KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - HIV Infections -- immunology KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- virology KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections -- epidemiology KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66906046?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=The+incidence+of+Kaposi+sarcoma+among+injection+drug+users+with+AIDS+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Atkinson%2C+Jonnae+O%3BBiggar%2C+Robert+J%3BGoedert%2C+James+J%3BEngels%2C+Eric+A&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Jonnae&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-11-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wild-type and attenuated influenza virus infection of the neonatal rat brain. AN - 66905984; 15385253 AB - Although influenza virus infection of humans has been associated with a wide spectrum of clinical neurological syndromes, the pathogenesis of influenza virus associated central nervous system (CNS) disease in humans remains controversial. To better study influenza virus neuropathogenesis, an animal model of influenza-associated CNS disease using human virus isolates without adaptation to an animal host was developed. This neonatal rat model of influenza virus CNS infection was developed using low-passage human isolates and shows outcomes in specific brain regions, cell types infected, and neuropathological outcomes that parallel the available literature on cases of human CNS infection. The degree of virus replication and spread in the rat brain correlated with the strains' neurotoxicity potential for humans. In addition, using sensitive neurobehavioral test paradigms, changes in brain function were found to be associated with areas of virus replication in neurons. These data suggest that further evaluation of this pathogenesis model may provide important information regarding influenza virus neuropathogenesis, and that this model may have possible utility as a preclinical assay for evaluating the neurological safety of new live attenuated influenza virus vaccine strains. JF - Journal of neurovirology AU - Rubin, Steven AU - Liu, Dong AU - Pletnikov, Mikhail AU - McCullers, Jonathan AU - Ye, Zhiping AU - Levandowski, Roland AU - Johannessen, Jan AU - Carbone, Kathryn AD - DVP/OVRR/CBER/FDA, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. rubins@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 305 EP - 314 VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1355-0284, 1355-0284 KW - Vaccines, Attenuated KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred Lew KW - Orthomyxoviridae -- immunology KW - Orthomyxoviridae -- physiology KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Vaccines, Attenuated -- immunology KW - Brain -- virology KW - Vaccines, Attenuated -- metabolism KW - Neurons -- virology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66905984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neurovirology&rft.atitle=Wild-type+and+attenuated+influenza+virus+infection+of+the+neonatal+rat+brain.&rft.au=Rubin%2C+Steven%3BLiu%2C+Dong%3BPletnikov%2C+Mikhail%3BMcCullers%2C+Jonathan%3BYe%2C+Zhiping%3BLevandowski%2C+Roland%3BJohannessen%2C+Jan%3BCarbone%2C+Kathryn&rft.aulast=Rubin&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neurovirology&rft.issn=13550284&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of mammary gland tumors by short-term treatment of estradiol-3-benzoate associated with down-regulation of estrogen receptor ERalpha and ERbeta. AN - 66888678; 15375486 AB - Epidemiological evidence indicates that estrogens are one of the risk factors of breast cancer. However, there have been reports that pre-pubertal estrogen exposure is related to reduced breast cancer risk. These discrepancies made us investigate the time-point and duration of estrogen exposure. Our studies focus on the effect of estradiol-3-benzoate (EB) on the mammary gland that was exposed to carcinogens. Ninety-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Animals at 7 weeks of age were injected with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in groups 1, 2 and 3 or N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in groups 4, 5 and 6. One week later, the animals were subjected to sustained treatment with 0 micro g (groups 1 and 4), 30 micro g (groups 2 and 5) or 300 micro g (groups 3 and 6) of EB containing pellets for 4 weeks. All animals were sacrificed at 5 weeks or 21 weeks after carcinogen treatment, for the examination of mammary gland differentiation or mammary gland tumors, respectively. At 21 weeks after carcinogen treatment, the incidence of mammary tumors in group 2 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). EB treatment decreased the multiplicity of DMBA- or MNU-induced mammary gland tumors. At 5 weeks after carcinogen treatment, there were increased branchings of the mammary gland, and there was also a decrease of ERalpha and ERbeta in EB treatment groups. Taken together with these results, we conclude that EB has an inhibitory effect on mammary carcinogenesis, and it suggests that this inhibition may be associated with the differentiation of mammary gland and modulation of ERalpha and ERbeta. JF - Oncology reports AU - Kang, Jin Seok AU - Kim, Seyl AU - Che, Jeong-Hwan AU - Nam, Ki Taek AU - Kim, Dae Joong AU - Jang, Dong Deuk AU - Yang, Ki-Hwa AD - National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. kang@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 689 EP - 693 VL - 12 IS - 4 SN - 1021-335X, 1021-335X KW - Alkylating Agents KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Estrogen Receptor alpha KW - Estrogen Receptor beta KW - estradiol 3-benzoate KW - 1S4CJB5ZGN KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Methylnitrosourea KW - 684-93-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Down-Regulation KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- metabolism KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - Methylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mammary Glands, Animal -- growth & development KW - Alkylating Agents -- toxicity KW - Cell Differentiation -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Estradiol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Estradiol -- therapeutic use KW - Estrogen Receptor alpha -- metabolism KW - Estrogen Receptor beta -- metabolism KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66888678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncology+reports&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+mammary+gland+tumors+by+short-term+treatment+of+estradiol-3-benzoate+associated+with+down-regulation+of+estrogen+receptor+ERalpha+and+ERbeta.&rft.au=Kang%2C+Jin+Seok%3BKim%2C+Seyl%3BChe%2C+Jeong-Hwan%3BNam%2C+Ki+Taek%3BKim%2C+Dae+Joong%3BJang%2C+Dong+Deuk%3BYang%2C+Ki-Hwa&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=Jin&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=689&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oncology+reports&rft.issn=1021335X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutant nicastrin protein can induce the cytochrome c release and the Bax expression. AN - 66884921; 15370186 AB - This study investigated whether nicastrin can induce apoptotic cell death in SK-N-MC cells. MTT assays revealed the transfected cells expressing mutant nicastrin, compared with those expressing wild nicastrin or the control vector, showing significantly increased cell death. The mutant nicastrin transfectants were also observed to induce cytosolic cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, and Bax protein expression in response, to increased cell death. These observations suggested that nicastrin, as well as the APP and PS proteins, were also involved in the upregulated Bax mediated neuroblastoma cell death and the release of cytochrome c in the neuroblastoma. JF - The International journal of neuroscience AU - Hwang, Dae Y AU - Kim, Yong K AU - Lim, Chul J AU - Cho, Jung S AD - Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, Korea FDA, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Seoul, Korea. dyhwang@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 1277 EP - 1289 VL - 114 IS - 10 SN - 0020-7454, 0020-7454 KW - BAX protein, human KW - 0 KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 KW - Tetrazolium Salts KW - Thiazoles KW - bcl-2-Associated X Protein KW - nicastrin protein KW - Cytochromes c KW - 9007-43-6 KW - Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases KW - EC 3.4.- KW - thiazolyl blue KW - EUY85H477I KW - Index Medicus KW - Cell Death -- physiology KW - DNA Mutational Analysis -- methods KW - Humans KW - Blotting, Western -- methods KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Neuroblastoma KW - Transfection -- methods KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed -- physiology KW - Mitochondria -- metabolism KW - Cell Survival -- physiology KW - Cytochromes c -- metabolism KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- physiology KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Mutation KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66884921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Mutant+nicastrin+protein+can+induce+the+cytochrome+c+release+and+the+Bax+expression.&rft.au=Hwang%2C+Dae+Y%3BKim%2C+Yong+K%3BLim%2C+Chul+J%3BCho%2C+Jung+S&rft.aulast=Hwang&rft.aufirst=Dae&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=114&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1277&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+International+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=00207454&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Redox active hemoglobin enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced injury to cultured bovine endothelial cells. AN - 66877026; 15205170 AB - The interaction of cell-free hemoglobin with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is thought to aggravate the pathophysiology of sepsis and/or septic shock. This study examines the possible modulatory role of cell-free hemoglobin on LPS-induced apoptosis of cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Experiments were performed with or without fetal bovine serum, a source of LPS-binding protein and soluble CD14. In the absence of serum, LPS alone or coincubated with purified bovine hemoglobin (BvHb), human hemoglobin (Hb), or alpha-cross-linked Hb (alphaalphaHb) did not induce apoptosis. In the presence of serum, LPS induced significant apoptosis. LPS combined with BvHb, Hb, or alphaalphaHb produced the same extent of apoptosis as LPS alone. To examine whether the H(2)O(2)-driven redox activity of hemoglobin alters LPS-induced apoptosis, glucose oxidase was added to the system to generate a subtoxic flux of H(2)O(2). The combined treatment of LPS, glucose oxidase, and BvHb, Hb, or alphaalphaHb enhanced apoptosis compared with LPS alone. These findings support a possible mechanism whereby the redox cycling of hemoglobin, and not its direct interaction with LPS, contributes to the hemoglobin-mediated enhancement of LPS-related pathophysiology. JF - American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology AU - D'Agnillo, Felice AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 29 Lincoln Drive, Bldg. 29, Rm. 129, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. dagnillo@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - H1875 EP - H1882 VL - 287 IS - 4 SN - 0363-6135, 0363-6135 KW - Blood Proteins KW - 0 KW - Hemoglobins KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Oxidants KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - CASP3 protein, human KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspases KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Oxidants -- pharmacology KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cell Cycle -- physiology KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- pharmacology KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Aorta -- cytology KW - Blood Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Caspases -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- drug effects KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Endothelium, Vascular -- cytology KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66877026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+physiology.+Heart+and+circulatory+physiology&rft.atitle=Redox+active+hemoglobin+enhances+lipopolysaccharide-induced+injury+to+cultured+bovine+endothelial+cells.&rft.au=D%27Agnillo%2C+Felice&rft.aulast=D%27Agnillo&rft.aufirst=Felice&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=287&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=H1875&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+physiology.+Heart+and+circulatory+physiology&rft.issn=03636135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human carcinogenic risk evaluation, Part III: Assessing cancer hazard and risk in human drug development. AN - 66867313; 15141097 AB - Assessing cancer risk for human pharmaceuticals is important because drugs are taken at pharmacologically active doses and often on a chronic basis. Epidemiologic studies on patient populations have limited value because of the long latency period for most cancers and because these studies lack sensitivity. The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration relies on short-term surrogate assays (genetic toxicology studies) to assess risk to patients involved in clinical trials and on rodent carcinogenicity studies to assess cancer risk for drug approval. Unlike some other agencies that typically perform quantitative risk assessments on chemical pollutants or pesticide products, CDER does not perform such quantitative extrapolations. Rather, the evaluation of risk is the result of an integrated assessment of what is known about the drug, and risk is considered in the context of the clinical benefit. Mode of action of carcinogenesis and thresholds for effects are important considerations. The results of carcinogenicity studies of approved products are published in the drug labeling and individual clinicians balance risk and benefit in making prescribing decisions. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Jacobs, Abigail AU - Jacobson-Kram, David AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. abigail.jacobs@fdahhs.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 260 EP - 262 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic KW - Pharmacology KW - Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Risk Assessment KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66867313?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Human+carcinogenic+risk+evaluation%2C+Part+III%3A+Assessing+cancer+hazard+and+risk+in+human+drug+development.&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+Abigail%3BJacobson-Kram%2C+David&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Abigail&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental neurotoxicity of ketamine: morphometric confirmation, exposure parameters, and multiple fluorescent labeling of apoptotic neurons. AN - 66866540; 15254342 AB - Ketamine is a widely used pediatric anesthetic recently reported (C. Ikonomidou et al., 1999, Science 283, 70-74) to enhance neuronal death in neonatal rats. To confirm and extend these results, we treated four groups of PND 7 rats with seven sc doses, one every 90 min, of either saline, 10 mg/kg ketamine, 20 mg/kg ketamine, or a single dose of 20 mg/kg ketamine. The repeated doses of 20 mg/kg ketamine increased the number of silver-positive (degenerating) neurons in the dorsolateral thalamus to a degree comparable to previous results (Ikonomidou et al., 1999, Science 283, 70-74), i.e., 28-fold vs. 31-fold respectively. However, blood levels of ketamine immediately after the repeated 20 mg/kg doses were about 14 micrograms/ml, about seven-fold greater than anesthetic blood levels in humans (J. M. Malinovsky et al., 1996, Br. J. Anaesth. 77, 203-207; R. A. Mueller and R. Hunt, 1998, Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 60, 15-22). Levels of ketamine in blood following exposure to the multiple 10 mg/kg doses of ketamine or to a single 20 mg/kg dose ranged around 2-5 micrograms/ml; although these blood levels are close to an anesthetic level in humans, they failed to produce neurodegeneration. To investigate the mode of ketamine-induced neuronal death, coronal sections were stained with both Fluoro-Jade B (a green fluorescent stain selective for neurodegeneration) and DAPI (a blue DNA stain), as well as for caspase-3 (using an antisera labeled red with rhodamine). These histochemical results confirmed the developmental neurotoxicity of ketamine, demonstrated that Fluoro-Jade B (FJ-B), like silver methods, successfully stained degenerating neurons in neonatal rats, and indicated that ketamine acts by increasing the rate of neuronal apoptosis. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Scallet, A C AU - Schmued, L C AU - Slikker, W AU - Grunberg, N AU - Faustino, P J AU - Davis, H AU - Lester, D AU - Pine, P S AU - Sistare, F AU - Hanig, J P AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, NCTR/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. AScallet@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 364 EP - 370 VL - 81 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Fluoresceins KW - Fluorescent Dyes KW - Organic Chemicals KW - fluoro jade KW - Ketamine KW - 690G0D6V8H KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Brain Chemistry -- drug effects KW - Thalamus -- pathology KW - Rats KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Silver Staining KW - Female KW - Male KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Ketamine -- toxicity KW - Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists -- blood KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Nervous System -- drug effects KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Nervous System -- growth & development KW - Nervous System -- pathology KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- pathology KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Ketamine -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66866540?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Developmental+neurotoxicity+of+ketamine%3A+morphometric+confirmation%2C+exposure+parameters%2C+and+multiple+fluorescent+labeling+of+apoptotic+neurons.&rft.au=Scallet%2C+A+C%3BSchmued%2C+L+C%3BSlikker%2C+W%3BGrunberg%2C+N%3BFaustino%2C+P+J%3BDavis%2C+H%3BLester%2C+D%3BPine%2C+P+S%3BSistare%2C+F%3BHanig%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=364&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Signaling pathways controlling the production of inflammatory mediators in response to crystalline silica exposure: role of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. AN - 66830006; 15336307 AB - Occupational exposure to crystalline silica has been linked to pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. Surface properties of crystalline silica are critical to the production of oxidant species, chemokines, inflammatory cytokines, and proliferative factors involved in the initiation and progression of silica-induced damage, inflammation, alveolar type II cell hyperplasia, fibroblast activation, and disease. The transcription factors nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) have been shown to play key roles in gene promotion for inflammatory mediators, oncogenes, and growth factors. This review summarizes evidence that in vitro and in vivo exposure to crystalline silica results in activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1. Signaling pathways for activation of these transcription factors are described. In addition, the role of silica-induced reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in the activation of these signaling events is presented. Last, the generalizability of mechanisms regulating silica-induced pulmonary responses to pulmonary reactions to other occupational particles is discussed. JF - Free radical biology & medicine AU - Castranova, Vincent AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/10/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 01 SP - 916 EP - 925 VL - 37 IS - 7 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Inflammation Mediators KW - 0 KW - NF-kappa B KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Silicon Dioxide -- chemistry KW - Inflammation Mediators -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66830006?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.atitle=Signaling+pathways+controlling+the+production+of+inflammatory+mediators+in+response+to+crystalline+silica+exposure%3A+role+of+reactive+oxygen%2Fnitrogen+species.&rft.au=Castranova%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=916&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+radical+biology+%26+medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro human skin penetration of diethanolamine. AN - 66779182; 15304302 AB - Concerns about the safety of diethanolamine (DEA) have been raised by the National Toxicology Program (NTP). Therefore, we measured the extent of DEA absorption in human skin relevant to exposures from shampoos, hair dyes and body lotions. Radiolabeled [14C]-DEA was added to two commercial products from each class and applied to excised viable and non-viable human skin in flow-through diffusion cells. The products remained on the skin for 5, 30 and 24 h for shampoos, hair dyes and body lotions, respectively. After 24 h, most of the absorbed dose was found in skin: 2.8% for shampoos, 2.9% for hair dyes and 10.0% for body lotions. Only small amounts were absorbed into the receptor fluid: 0.08%, 0.09% and 0.9% for shampoos, hair dyes and body lotions respectively. There was no significant difference in the absorption of DEA through viable and non-viable skin or from product application doses of 1, 2 or 3 mg lotion/cm2. In 72 h daily repeat dose studies with a lotion, DEA appeared to accumulate in the skin (29.2%) with little diffusing out into the receptor fluid. Therefore, skin levels of DEA should not be included in estimates of systemic absorption used in exposure assessments. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Kraeling, M E K AU - Yourick, J J AU - Bronaugh, R L AD - Office of Cosmetics and Colors, US Food and Drug Administration, BRF HFS-128, 8301 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. margaret.kraeling@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 1553 EP - 1561 VL - 42 IS - 10 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Cosmetics KW - 0 KW - Ethanolamines KW - Hair Dyes KW - Soaps KW - diethanolamine KW - AZE05TDV2V KW - Index Medicus KW - Diffusion Chambers, Culture KW - Biotransformation KW - Humans KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Epidermis -- metabolism KW - Protein Binding KW - Dermis -- metabolism KW - Skin Absorption KW - Ethanolamines -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66779182?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=In+vitro+human+skin+penetration+of+diethanolamine.&rft.au=Kraeling%2C+M+E+K%3BYourick%2C+J+J%3BBronaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Kraeling&rft.aufirst=M+E&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-20 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-Term Care Counselor: An Electronic Decision-Support Tool AN - 61379194; 200600199 AB - With the American population aging at a steady pace, the need to help individuals, families, & aging/health care professionals in making often-difficult long-term care decisions is increasing. Finding accurate, impartial information is also critically important, especially information that is personalized to the individual rather than for the general public. The Long-Term Care Counselor (LTCC) is a free & confidential web-based, decision-support tool developed by The National Council on the Aging (NCOA) to meet this particular need. It is part of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Service's (CMS) long-term care information initiative & is found via the official Medicare website at http://www.medicare.gov/longtermcare/static/ltccounselor.asp The LTCC helps individuals, caregivers, & professionals to find information relevant to particular circumstances based on the age, health, level of activity, finances, or personal preferences of the person. 2 Figures, 11 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Care Management Journals AU - Polniaszek, Susan AU - Klinger, Christopher AD - Dept Health Human Services susan.polniaszek@hhs.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 139 EP - 144 VL - 5 IS - 3 SN - 1521-0987, 1521-0987 KW - long-term care KW - financing KW - long-term care insurance KW - risk of long-term care KW - appropriate long-term care services KW - Health Professions KW - Aging KW - Medicare KW - United States of America KW - Medicaid KW - Long Term Care KW - Medical Decision Making KW - Health Care Services KW - article KW - 6127: social gerontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61379194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Care+Management+Journals&rft.atitle=Long-Term+Care+Counselor%3A+An+Electronic+Decision-Support+Tool&rft.au=Polniaszek%2C+Susan%3BKlinger%2C+Christopher&rft.aulast=Polniaszek&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Care+Management+Journals&rft.issn=15210987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Aging; Health Professions; Medicare; Health Care Services; Long Term Care; Medicaid; Medical Decision Making; United States of America ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medicaid Outpatient Utilization for Waterborne Pathogenic Illness Following Hurricane Floyd AN - 20362746; 9026091 AB - Objectives. Flooding provides an opportunity for epidemics of waterborne viral, protozoan, or bacterial diseases to develop in affected areas. Epidemic levels of disease may translate into higher than average levels of health services use, depending in part on help-seeking behaviors. The authors investigated whether the flooding that occurred as a result of Hurricane Floyd in September 1999 was associated with an increase in outpatient visits for waterborne diseases among Medicaid enrollees in eastern North Carolina. Methods. Using a difference-in-differences estimation technique, the authors examined the change in outpatient visits by North Carolina Medicaid enrollees for selected waterborne diseases following the hurricane. The study focused on counties with high concentrations of hog farming that were mildly/moderately or severely affected by the hurricane, using unaffected counties and the year before the hurricane as controls. Results. Small increases in Medicaid-covered outpatient visits were found in severely affected counties for two of the six pathogens selected for analysis, relative to unaffected counties. Larger increases in visits were found for nonspecific intestinal infections in both severely and moderately affected counties following the hurricane, relative to unaffected counties. Conclusions. The large increase in visits for ill-defined intestinal infection is noteworthy. The relative lack of increase in visits with specific pathogenic diagnoses may be attributable, at least in part, to a number of factors, including incomplete diagnostic information provided by treating clinicians, low treatment-seeking behavior, and use of non-Medicaid-funded emergency services. JF - Public Health Reports AU - Setzer, C AU - Domino, ME AD - Immunization Bureau, Houston Department of Health and Human Services, Houston, TX, USA, domino@unc.edu Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 472 EP - 478 VL - 119 IS - 5 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Water Resources Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - Epidemics KW - Pathogens KW - Infection KW - Farming KW - Public health KW - Hurricanes KW - Public Health KW - Behavior KW - Flooding KW - Intestine KW - Diseases KW - SW 0810:General KW - J 02400:Human Diseases KW - V 22400:Human Diseases KW - K 03420:Plant Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20362746?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Medicaid+Outpatient+Utilization+for+Waterborne+Pathogenic+Illness+Following+Hurricane+Floyd&rft.au=Setzer%2C+C%3BDomino%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Setzer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=472&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hurricanes; Epidemics; Intestine; Flooding; Pathogens; Infection; Public health; Public Health; Behavior; Diseases; Farming; USA, North Carolina ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Intertidal Exposure on Vibrio parahaemolyticus Levels in Pacific Northwest Oysters AN - 19810261; 6119810 AB - Interest in Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) increased in the United States following Vp-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks in 1997 and 1998 involving the West Coast and other areas. The present study evaluated multiple aspects of Vp ecology in the Pacific Northwest with three objectives: (i) to determine the effect of low-tide exposure on Vp levels in oysters, (ii) to determine the relationship between total and pathogenic Vp, and (iii) to examine sediments and aquatic fauna as reservoirs for pathogenic Vp. Samples were collected from intertidal reefs along Hood Canal, Wash., in August 2001. Fecal matter from marine mammals and aquatic birds as well as intestinal contents from bottom- dwelling fish were tested. Total and pathogenic Vp levels in all the samples were enumerated with colony hybridization procedures using DNA probes that targeted the thermolabile direct hemolysin (tlh) and thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) genes, respectively. The mean Vp densities in oysters were four to eight times greater at maximum exposure than at the corresponding first exposure. While tdh-positive Vp counts were generally <=10 CFU/g at first exposure, counts as high as 160 CFU/g were found at maximum exposure. Vp concentrations in sediments were not significantly different from those in oysters at maximum exposure. Pathogenic (tdh positive) Vp was detected in 9 of 42 (21%) oyster samples at maximum exposure, in 5 of 19 (26%) sediment samples, but in 0 of 9 excreta samples. These results demonstrate that summer conditions permit the multiplication of Vp in oysters exposed by a receding tide. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Nordstrom, J L AU - Kaysner, CA AU - Blackstone, G M AU - Vickery, MCL AU - Bowers, J C AU - Depaola, A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, 1 Iberville Drive, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528-0158 Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - October 2004 SP - 2178 EP - 2182 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com] VL - 67 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Pacific northwest oysters KW - ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - Reefs KW - DNA probes KW - INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound, Hood Canal KW - INE, USA, Pacific Northwest KW - Colonies KW - Interspecific relationships KW - Intestines KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus KW - Disease detection KW - Hemolysins KW - Coasts KW - Marine KW - tdh gene KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Tides KW - Sediments KW - Canals KW - Coastal zone KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Marine mammals KW - INE, USA, West Coast KW - Intestine KW - Disease reservoirs KW - DNA KW - Marine molluscs KW - Gastroenteritis KW - Aquatic birds KW - Q4 27740:Products KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19810261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+Intertidal+Exposure+on+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+Levels+in+Pacific+Northwest+Oysters&rft.au=Nordstrom%2C+J+L%3BKaysner%2C+CA%3BBlackstone%2C+G+M%3BVickery%2C+MCL%3BBowers%2C+J+C%3BDepaola%2C+A&rft.aulast=Nordstrom&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2178&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Coastal zone; Intestines; Interspecific relationships; Marine mammals; Bacterial diseases; DNA; Marine molluscs; Disease detection; Aquatic birds; Reefs; tdh gene; DNA probes; Sediments; Tides; Canals; Colonies; Colony-forming cells; Disease reservoirs; Intestine; Gastroenteritis; Hemolysins; Coasts; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; INE, USA, West Coast; INE, USA, Washington, Puget Sound, Hood Canal; INE, USA, Pacific Northwest; Marine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase isoenzyme 1 from Campylobacter jejuni AN - 19682077; 7434025 AB - Escherichia coli NeuNAc (N-acetylneuraminic acid) synthase catalyses the condensation of PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) and ManNAc (N- acetylmannosamine) to form NeuNAc and is encoded by the neuB gene. Campylobacter jejuni has three neuB genes, one of which is very similar to the E. coli neuB gene. We have characterized the C. jejuni neuraminic acid synthase with respect to acylamino sugar specificity and stereochemistry of the PEP condensation. We determined the specificity of C. jejuni NeuNAc synthase for N-acetylmannosamine, N- butanoylmannosamine, N-propionoylmannosamine and N- pentanoylmannosamine. We find that, although this enzyme exhibits similar K sub(m) values for N-acylmannosamine molecules with different N-acyl groups, the k sub(cat)/K sub(m) values decreased with increasing chain length. NeuNAc synthase is a member of a PEP-utilizing family of enzymes that form oxo acids from PEP and a monosaccharide. This family includes KDO 8-P (2-keto-3-deoxy- D -manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate) synthase and DAH 7-P (2-keto-3-deoxy- D -arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate) synthase. Both enzymes catalyse the condensation of the re face of the aldehyde group of the monosaccharide with the si face of the PEP molecule. The C. jejuni NeuNAc synthase catalysed the condensation of Z- and E-[3- H]PEP with ManNAc, yielding (3S)-3-deutero-NeuNAc and (3R)-3-deutero- NeuNAc respectively. The condensation of Z-[3-F]PEP and ManNAc yielded (3S)-3-fluoro-NeuNAc. Results of our studies suggest that the C. jejuni NeuNAc synthase, similar to KDO 8-P synthase and DAH 7-P synthase, catalyses the condensation of the si face of PEP with the aldehyde sugar. The present study is the first stereochemical analysis of the reaction catalysed by a bacterial NeuNAc synthase. JF - Biochemical Journal AU - Sundaram, Appavu K AU - Pitts, Lee AU - Muhammad, Kamilah AU - Wu, Jing AU - Betenbaugh, Michael AU - Woodard, Ronald W AU - Vann, Willie F AD - Laboratory of Bacterial Toxins, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A., wvann@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/10/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Oct 01 SP - 83 EP - 89 PB - Portland Press Ltd., 59 Portland Place London W1N 3AJ UK, [mailto:sales@portlandpress.co.uk] VL - 383 IS - 1 SN - 0264-6021, 0264-6021 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - ManNAc analogue KW - N-acetyl-3-fluoroneuraminic acid KW - N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase KW - stereochemical analysis Abbreviations: DAH 7-P KW - 2-keto-3-deoxy- D -arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate KW - DPA KW - dipicolinic acid KW - KDO 8-P KW - 2-keto-3-deoxy- D -manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate KW - LB KW - Luria-Bertani KW - PEP KW - phosphoenolpyruvate KW - Sugar KW - N-Acetylneuraminic acid KW - Escherichia coli KW - Isoenzymes KW - Enzymes KW - Condensation KW - monosaccharides KW - Aldehydes KW - Stereochemistry KW - Catalysis KW - J 02310:Genetics & Taxonomy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19682077?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+Journal&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+N-acetylneuraminic+acid+synthase+isoenzyme+1+from+Campylobacter+jejuni&rft.au=Sundaram%2C+Appavu+K%3BPitts%2C+Lee%3BMuhammad%2C+Kamilah%3BWu%2C+Jing%3BBetenbaugh%2C+Michael%3BWoodard%2C+Ronald+W%3BVann%2C+Willie+F&rft.aulast=Sundaram&rft.aufirst=Appavu&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=383&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+Journal&rft.issn=02646021&rft_id=info:doi/10.1042%2FBJ20040218 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sugar; N-Acetylneuraminic acid; Isoenzymes; Enzymes; Condensation; monosaccharides; Aldehydes; Stereochemistry; Catalysis; Campylobacter jejuni; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BJ20040218 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a Local Exhaust Ventilation System for Controlling Refractory Ceramic Fibers During Disc Sanding AN - 18065838; 6060436 JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Dunn, KH AU - Shulman, SA AU - Cecala, AB AU - Venturin, DE AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - D107 EP - D111 VL - 1 IS - 10 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Ventilation KW - Ceramics KW - Fibers KW - Occupational exposure KW - Exhaust emissions KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18065838?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+Local+Exhaust+Ventilation+System+for+Controlling+Refractory+Ceramic+Fibers+During+Disc+Sanding&rft.au=Dunn%2C+KH%3BShulman%2C+SA%3BCecala%2C+AB%3BVenturin%2C+DE&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=KH&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=D107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490500785 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fibers; Ceramics; Occupational exposure; Exhaust emissions; Ventilation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490500785 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Francisella tularensis genes encoding exported membrane-associated proteins using TnphoA mutagenesis of a genomic library AN - 17854715; 6155976 AB - Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is a highly infectious pathogen of humans and animals, yet little is known about the surface proteins of this organism that mediate mechanisms of pathogenicity. lambda TnphoA was used to generate random alkaline phosphatase gene fusions in a F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (strain Schu S4) genomic library to identify genes encoding exported extracytoplasmic proteins. Eleven genes encoding membrane-associated proteins were identified by this method and their respective signal peptides were characterized. Three of the genes encoded conserved 'housekeeping' enzymes, while the other eight genes were unique to F. tularensis, encoding proteins with molecular masses ranging from 11 to 78kDa as deduced from the amino acid sequences. Two genes putatively encoded lipoproteins based on the presence of characteristic signal peptidase II cleavage sites. Four selected proteins were found associated with outer membranes from Schu S4 and LVS strains by Western blotting. Indirect immunofluorescence of strain Schu S4 cells also showed evidence of protein localization to the outer membrane. Protein database searches produced significant alignments with proteins from other bacteria involved in carbohydrate transport, lipid metabolism, and cell envelope biogenesis, thereby providing clues for putative functions. These findings demonstrated that TnphoA mutagenesis can be used in conjunction with F. tularensis genome sequence data to provide a foundation for studies to identify and define cellular surface protein virulence factors of this pathogen. JF - Microbial Pathogenesis AU - Gilmore, R D AU - Murphree Bacon, R AU - Sviat, S L AU - Petersen, J M AU - Bearden, S W AD - Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. Box 2087, Rampart Rd., Foothills Campus, Fort Collins, CO 80522, USA, rbg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 205 EP - 213 VL - 37 IS - 4 SN - 0882-4010, 0882-4010 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Genomes KW - Western blotting KW - virulence factors KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Cell envelopes KW - Signal peptides KW - Outer membranes KW - Francisella tularensis KW - Pathogens KW - Immunofluorescence KW - Mutagenesis KW - Tularemia KW - Alkaline phosphatase KW - Pathogenicity KW - signal peptidase KW - Gene fusion KW - Lipoproteins KW - genomics KW - Carbohydrates KW - Evolution KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17854715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Francisella+tularensis+genes+encoding+exported+membrane-associated+proteins+using+TnphoA+mutagenesis+of+a+genomic+library&rft.au=Gilmore%2C+R+D%3BMurphree+Bacon%2C+R%3BSviat%2C+S+L%3BPetersen%2C+J+M%3BBearden%2C+S+W&rft.aulast=Gilmore&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Pathogenesis&rft.issn=08824010&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.micpath.2004.07.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Western blotting; virulence factors; Cell envelopes; Nucleotide sequence; Outer membranes; Signal peptides; Immunofluorescence; Pathogens; Mutagenesis; Tularemia; Alkaline phosphatase; Pathogenicity; signal peptidase; Gene fusion; Lipoproteins; Carbohydrates; genomics; Evolution; Francisella tularensis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2004.07.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of fruit variety, harvest technique, quality sorting, and storage on the native microflora of unpasteurized apple cider AN - 17782459; 6119818 AB - Apple variety, harvest, quality sorting, and storage practices were assessed to determine their impact on the microflora of unpasteurized cider. Seven apple varieties were harvested from the tree or the ground. The apples were used fresh or were stored at 0 to 4 degree C for 0.05). Yeast and mold counts revealed relationships similar to those for APCs. The relationship between initial microbial load found on incoming fruit and final cider microbial population was curvilinear, with the weakest correlations for the lowest apple microflora concentrations. The lack of linearity suggests that processing equipment contributed to cider contamination. Tree-picked quality fruit should be used for unpasteurized cider production, and careful manufacturing practices at cider plants can impact both safety and quality of the final product. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Keller, Susanne E AU - Chirtel, Stuart J AU - Merker, Robert I AU - Taylor, Kirk T AU - Tan, Hsu Ling AU - Miller, Arthur J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, 6502 South Archer Avenue, Summit-Argo, Illinois 60501 Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 2240 EP - 2247 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 67 IS - 10 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - apple cider KW - apple KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Yeasts KW - Count KW - Aerobic bacteria KW - Molds KW - Cider KW - Food contamination KW - Storage KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Microflora KW - Food quality KW - Acidity KW - Harvesting KW - pH KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17782459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Influence+of+fruit+variety%2C+harvest+technique%2C+quality+sorting%2C+and+storage+on+the+native+microflora+of+unpasteurized+apple+cider&rft.au=Keller%2C+Susanne+E%3BChirtel%2C+Stuart+J%3BMerker%2C+Robert+I%3BTaylor%2C+Kirk+T%3BTan%2C+Hsu+Ling%3BMiller%2C+Arthur+J&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=Susanne&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2240&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Yeasts; Storage; Acidity; Food contamination; Aerobic bacteria; pH; Cider; Harvesting; Colony-forming cells; Count; Microflora; Molds; Food quality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Salmonella enteritidis clearance and immune responses in chickens following Salmonella vaccination and challenge AN - 17767808; 6143367 AB - Our previous work showed that the cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was enhanced by live Salmonella vaccine (LV). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of live and killed Salmonella vaccines on Salmonella enteritidis (SE) clearance and to determine if the clearance was mediated by cell-mediated and/or humoral immunity. Chickens were first immunized at 2 weeks of age followed by a booster dose at 4 weeks, challenged with live SE 2 weeks later (6-week-old) and tested for CMI, antibody response and SE clearance 1-week post SE-challenge (7-week-old). Spleen cell proliferation induced by SE-flagella and Concanavalin A (Con A) were significantly higher and SE shedding was significantly lower in the LV group. The splenic CD3 population was significantly lower and B cells were higher in the control group compared to all the SE-challenged groups (with and without vaccination). Serum antibody to SE-flagella and envelope were significantly higher in the KV group compared to all the other groups. These results suggest that LV protects against SE infection, probably by enhancing the CMI. JF - Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology AU - Babu, U AU - Dalloul, R A AU - Okamura, M AU - Lillehoj, H S AU - Xie, H AU - Raybourne, R B AU - Gaines, D AU - Heckert, R A AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, HFS-326, 8301 Muirkirk Road, 20708, Laurel, MD, USA Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 251 EP - 257 VL - 101 IS - 3-4 SN - 0165-2427, 0165-2427 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Immunity (humoral) KW - Concanavalin A KW - Envelopes KW - Immunity (cell-mediated) KW - Lymphocytes B KW - Spleen KW - CD3 antigen KW - Antibody response KW - Vaccination KW - Salmonella enteritidis KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17767808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.atitle=Salmonella+enteritidis+clearance+and+immune+responses+in+chickens+following+Salmonella+vaccination+and+challenge&rft.au=Babu%2C+U%3BDalloul%2C+R+A%3BOkamura%2C+M%3BLillehoj%2C+H+S%3BXie%2C+H%3BRaybourne%2C+R+B%3BGaines%2C+D%3BHeckert%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Babu&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Veterinary+Immunology+and+Immunopathology&rft.issn=01652427&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vetimm.2004.05.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Immunity (humoral); Envelopes; Concanavalin A; Immunity (cell-mediated); Lymphocytes B; Spleen; Antibody response; CD3 antigen; Vaccination; Salmonella enteritidis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.05.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococcus spp. Isolated from Commercial Poultry Production Environments AN - 17759344; 6040289 AB - The potential impact of food animals in the production environment on the bacterial population as a result of antimicrobial drug use for growth enhancement continues to be a cause for concern. Enterococci from 82 farms within a poultry production region on the eastern seaboard were isolated to establish a baseline of susceptibility profiles for a number of antimicrobials used in production as well as clinical environments. Of the 541 isolates recovered, Enterococcus faecalis (53%) and E. faecium (31%) were the predominant species, while multiresistant antimicrobial phenotypes were observed among all species. The prevalence of resistance among isolates of E. faecalis was comparatively higher among lincosamide, macrolide, and tetracycline antimicrobials, while isolates of E. faecium were observed to be more frequently resistant to fluoroquinolones and penicillins. Notably, 63% of the E. faecium isolates were resistant to the streptogramin quinupristin-dalfopristin, while high-level gentamicin resistance was observed only among the E. faecalis population, of which 7% of the isolates were resistant. The primary observations are that enterococci can be frequently isolated from the poultry production environment and can be multiresistant to antimicrobials used in human medicine. The high frequency with which resistant enterococci are isolated from this environment suggests that these organisms might be useful as sentinels to monitor the development of resistance resulting from the usage of antimicrobial agents in animal production. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hayes, Joshua R AU - English, Linda L AU - Carr, Lewis E AU - Wagner, David D AU - Joseph, Sam W AD - Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics. Department of Biological Resources Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park. Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 6005 EP - 6011 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 70 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Poultry KW - Farms KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Streptogramins KW - quinupristin-dalfopristin KW - Enterococcus faecalis KW - Tetracyclines KW - Penicillin KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Gentamicin KW - lincosamides KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17759344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Multiple-Antibiotic+Resistance+of+Enterococcus+spp.+Isolated+from+Commercial+Poultry+Production+Environments&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Joshua+R%3BEnglish%2C+Linda+L%3BCarr%2C+Lewis+E%3BWagner%2C+David+D%3BJoseph%2C+Sam+W&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=6005&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gentamicin; Poultry; Farms; Fluoroquinolones; Streptogramins; quinupristin-dalfopristin; Tetracyclines; Antibiotic resistance; Penicillin; lincosamides; Antimicrobial agents; Enterococcus faecalis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Using standardised patients in an objective structured clinical examination as a patient safety tool AN - 17737995; 6099412 AB - Standardised patients (SPs) are a powerful form of simulation that has now become commonplace in training and assessment in medical education throughout the world. Standardised patients are individuals, with or without actual disease, who have been trained to portray a medical case in a consistent manner. They are now the gold standard for measuring the competence of physicians and other health professionals, and the quality of their practice. A common way in which SPs are used in performance assessment has been as part of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). The use of an SP based OSCE can be a powerful tool in measuring continued competence in human reliability and skill performance where such skills are a critical attribute to maintaining patient safety. This article will describe how an OSCE could be used as a patient safety tool based on cases derived from actual events related to postdonation information in the blood collection process. The OSCE was developed as a competency examination for health history takers. Postdonation information events in the blood collection process account for the majority of errors reported to the US Food and Drug Administration. SP based assessment is an important patient safety tool that could be applied to a variety of patient safety settings and situations, and should be considered an important weapon in the war on medical error and patient harm. JF - Quality & Safety in Health Care AU - Battles, J B AU - Wilkinson, S L AU - Lee, S J AD - United States Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research, Center for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - i46 EP - i50 PB - B M J Publishing Group, B.M.A. House Tavistock Sq. London WC1H 9JR UK VL - 13 SN - 1475-3898, 1475-3898 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Training KW - Simulation KW - Medical personnel KW - Education KW - Health care KW - Quality control KW - H 13000:Medical Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17737995?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quality+%26+Safety+in+Health+Care&rft.atitle=Using+standardised+patients+in+an+objective+structured+clinical+examination+as+a+patient+safety+tool&rft.au=Battles%2C+J+B%3BWilkinson%2C+S+L%3BLee%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Battles&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=&rft.spage=i46&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Quality+%26+Safety+in+Health+Care&rft.issn=14753898&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Medical personnel; Simulation; Health care; Education; Training; Quality control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Knowledge Management in Occupational Hygiene: The United States Example AN - 17716310; 6041084 AB - Knowledge management is an emerging field focusing on assessing the creation, transfer, and utilization of knowledge to address specific challenges. Generally, knowledge management has described efforts within and between companies to consider knowledge as a manageable asset. In this paper, we suggest that occupational hygiene knowledge can be considered a manageable asset by businesses and that the entire field of occupational hygiene in the USA can be appraised in terms of knowledge management. The knowledge cycle creates a foundation for knowledge management. Knowledge creation (research, recognition and evaluation), transfer (distribution, dissemination and diffusion), and utilization (risk management and control) make up the key elements of the knowledge cycle. Defining and understanding the roles of knowledge cycle elements facilitate the application of knowledge management to problems, systems, and situations in individual companies and in the field of occupational hygiene in general. Examples of current, effective knowledge management practices within occupational hygiene in the USA are described, and recommendations for further utilization of knowledge management principles are also presented. JF - Annals of Occupational Hygiene AU - Schulte, P A AU - Lentz, T J AU - Anderson, V P AU - Lamborg, AD AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS-C14, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 583 EP - 594 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 48 IS - 7 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - knowledge management KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA KW - Occupational health KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17716310?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Knowledge+Management+in+Occupational+Hygiene%3A+The+United+States+Example&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BLentz%2C+T+J%3BAnderson%2C+V+P%3BLamborg%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Occupational+Hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Occupational health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In utero exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and sensorineural hearing loss in 8-year-old children AN - 17705564; 6055086 AB - Early-life exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, increases the hearing threshold at selected frequencies in rats. Among humans from the Faroe Islands with unusually high early-life PCB exposure, exposure was directly associated with increased hearing thresholds at two frequencies, although the deficits were present in the left ear but not the right. We examined PCB levels in maternal pregnancy serum in relation with audiometrically determined hearing thresholds among offspring when they were of school age. Complete data were available for 195 children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and 615 children selected at random, all of whom were born in 1959-1966 in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP) U.S. cohort. The median exposure among those selected at random, as reflected by the mother's third trimester serum total PCB concentration, was 2.8 mu g/l, about twofold higher than recent background levels in the United States. Based on the average hearing threshold across the frequencies essential for speech recognition in the 'worst ear,' the maternal serum PCB level was unrelated to the adjusted odds of SNHL or to adjusted mean hearing threshold. Overall, an adverse effect of early-life, background-level PCB exposure on SNHL was not supported by these data. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Longnecker, M P AU - Hoffman, HJ AU - Klebanoff, MA AU - Brock, J W AU - Zhou, H AU - Needham, L AU - Adera, T AU - Guo, X AU - Gray, KA AD - Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, P.O. Box 12233, MD A3-05, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA, longnecker@niehs.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 629 EP - 637 PB - Elsevier Inc. VL - 26 IS - 5 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Age KW - Ear KW - Offspring KW - speech recognition KW - PCB KW - Auditory system KW - Intrauterine exposure KW - Hearing loss KW - Children KW - Pregnancy KW - polychlorinated biphenyls KW - Background levels KW - Teratology KW - Contaminants KW - Hearing KW - Side effects KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - N3 11105:Primates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17705564?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=In+utero+exposure+to+polychlorinated+biphenyls+and+sensorineural+hearing+loss+in+8-year-old+children&rft.au=Longnecker%2C+M+P%3BHoffman%2C+HJ%3BKlebanoff%2C+MA%3BBrock%2C+J+W%3BZhou%2C+H%3BNeedham%2C+L%3BAdera%2C+T%3BGuo%2C+X%3BGray%2C+KA&rft.aulast=Longnecker&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=629&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ntt.2004.04.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - PCB; Hearing loss; Auditory system; Children; polychlorinated biphenyls; Intrauterine exposure; speech recognition; Side effects; Pregnancy; Offspring; Age; Hearing; Ear; Teratology; Background levels; Contaminants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2004.04.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Paternal Occupational Exposure to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and Birth Outcomes of Offspring: Birth Weight, Preterm Delivery, and Birth Defects AN - 16194766; 6063546 AB - Agent Orange is a phenoxy herbicide that was contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). We studied pregnancy outcomes among wives of male chemical workers who were highly exposed to chemicals contaminated with TCDD and among wives of nonexposed neighborhood referents. For exposed pregnancies, we estimated serum TCDD concentration at the time of conception using a pharmacokinetic model. The mean TCDD concentration for workers' births was 254 pg/g lipid (range, 3-16,340 pg/g). The mean referent concentration of 6 pg/g was assigned to pregnancies fathered by workers before exposure. A total of 1,117 live singleton births of 217 referent wives and 176 worker wives were included. Only full-term births were included in the birth weight analysis ( greater than or equal to 37 weeks of gestation). Mean birth weight among full-term babies was similar among referents' babies (n = 604), preexposure workers' babies (n = 221), and exposed workers' babies (n = 292) (3,420, 3,347, and 3,442 g, respectively). Neither continuous nor categorical TCDD concentration had an effect on birth weight for term infants after adjustment for infant sex, mother's education, parity, prenatal cigarette smoking, and gestation length. An analysis to estimate potential direct exposure of the wives during periods of workers' exposure yielded a nonstatistically significant increase in infant birth weight of 130 g in the highest exposure group (TCDD concentration > 254 pg/g) compared with referents (p = 0.09). Mothers' reports of preterm delivery showed a somewhat protective association with paternal TCDD (log) concentration (odds ratio = 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-1.1). We also include descriptive information on reported birth defects. Because the estimated TCDD concentrations in this population were much higher than in other studies, the results indicate that TCDD is unlikely to increase the risk of low birth weight or preterm delivery through a paternal mechanism. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Lawson, C C AU - Schnorr, T M AU - Whelan, E A AU - Deddens, JA AU - Dankovic, DA AU - Piacitelli, LA AU - Sweeney, M H AU - Connally, L B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway (R-15), Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, CJL9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 1403 EP - 1408 VL - 112 IS - 14 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Birth weight KW - TCDD KW - Offspring KW - Pregnancy KW - birth weight KW - Congenital defects KW - Dioxin KW - Occupational exposure KW - Infants KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16194766?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Paternal+Occupational+Exposure+to+2%2C3%2C7%2C8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin+and+Birth+Outcomes+of+Offspring%3A+Birth+Weight%2C+Preterm+Delivery%2C+and+Birth+Defects&rft.au=Lawson%2C+C+C%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M%3BWhelan%2C+E+A%3BDeddens%2C+JA%3BDankovic%2C+DA%3BPiacitelli%2C+LA%3BSweeney%2C+M+H%3BConnally%2C+L+B&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1403&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.7051 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Birth weight; Congenital defects; TCDD; Offspring; Occupational exposure; Dioxin; Pregnancy; Infants; birth weight DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7051 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A comparison of X-ray fluorescence and wet chemical analysis of air filter samples from a scrap lead smelting operation AN - 16190896; 6130081 AB - Personal and area air samples were taken at a scrap lead smelter operation in a bullet manufacturing facility. Samples were taken using the 37-mm styrene-acrylonitrile closed-face filter cassette (CFC, the current US standard device for lead sampling), the 37-mm GSP or "cone" sampler, the 25-mm Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) inhalable sampler, and the 25-mm Button sampler (developed at the University of Cincinnati). Polyvinylchloride filters were used for sampling. The filters were pre- and post-weighed, and analyzed for lead content using a field-portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer. The filters were then extracted with dilute nitric acid in an ultrasonic extraction bath and the solutions were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The 25-mm filters were analyzed using a single XRF reading, while three readings on different parts of the filter were taken from the 37-mm filters. The single reading from the 25-mm filters was adjusted for the nominal area of the filter to obtain the mass loading, while the three readings from the 37-mm filters were inserted into two different algorithms for calculating the mass loadings, and the algorithms were compared. The IOM sampler was designed for material collected in the body of the sampler to be part of the collected sample as well as that on the filter. Therefore, the IOM sampler cassettes were rinsed separately to determine if wall-loss corrections were necessary. All four samplers gave very good correlations between the two analytical methods above the limit of detection of the XRF procedure. The limit of detection for the 25-mm filters (5 mu g) was lower than for the 37-mm filters (10 mu g). The percentage of XRF results that were within 25% of the corresponding ICP results was evaluated. In addition, the bias from linear regression was estimated. Linear regression for the Button sampler and the IOM sampler using single readings and the GSP using all tested techniques for total filter loading gave acceptable XRF readings at loadings equivalent to sampling at the OSHA 8-hour Action Level and Permissible Exposure Limit. However, the CFC only had acceptable results when the center reading corrected for filter area was used, which was surprising, and may be a result of a limited data set. In addition to linear regression, simple estimation of bias indicated reasonable agreements between XRF and ICP results for single XRF readings on the Button sampler filters, (82% of the individual results within criterion), and on the IOM sampler filters (77% or 61%--see text), and on the GSP sampler filters using the OSHA algorithm (78%). As a result of this pilot project, all three samplers were considered suitable for inclusion in further field research studies. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Harper, M AU - Hallmark, T S AU - Andrew, ME AU - Bird, A J AD - Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd., MS-3030, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 819 EP - 826 VL - 6 IS - 10 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Filters KW - X radiation KW - Fluorescence KW - Air sampling KW - Smelters KW - Spectroscopy KW - Lead KW - Sampling methods KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16190896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=A+comparison+of+X-ray+fluorescence+and+wet+chemical+analysis+of+air+filter+samples+from+a+scrap+lead+smelting+operation&rft.au=Harper%2C+M%3BHallmark%2C+T+S%3BAndrew%2C+ME%3BBird%2C+A+J&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=819&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb405023c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; X radiation; Fluorescence; Air sampling; Spectroscopy; Smelters; Sampling methods; Lead DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b405023c ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Submicrometer elemental carbon as a selective measure of diesel particulate matter in coal mines AN - 16190624; 6130078 AB - A monitoring method for diesel particulate matter was published as Method 5040 by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Organic and elemental carbon are determined by the method, but elemental carbon (EC) is a better exposure measure. The US Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) proposed use of NIOSH 5040 for compliance determinations in metal and nonmetal mines. MSHA also published a rulemaking for coal mines, but no exposure standard was provided. A standard based on particulate carbon is not considered practical because of coal dust interference. Interference may not be a problem if an appropriate size-selective sampler and EC exposure standard are employed. Submicrometer dust concentrations found in previous surveys of nondieselized, underground coal mines were relatively low. If a large fraction of the submicrometer dust is organic and mineral matter, submicrometer EC concentrations would be much lower than submicrometer mass concentrations. Laboratory and field results reported herein indicate the amount of EC contributed by submicrometer coal dust is minor. In a laboratory test, a submicrometer EC concentration of 31 mu g m super(-3) was found when sampling a respirable coal dust concentration over three times the US compliance limit (2 mg m super(-3)). Laboratory results are consistent with surveys of nondieselized coal mines, where EC results ranged from below the method limit of detection to 18 mu g m super(-3) when size-selective samplers were used to collect dust fractions having particle diameters below 1.5 mu m--submicrometer EC concentrations were approximately 7 mu g m super(-3). In dieselized mines, submicrometer EC concentrations are much higher. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Birch, ME AU - Noll, J D AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 799 EP - 806 VL - 6 IS - 10 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Carbon KW - Mining KW - Coal KW - Particulates KW - Diesel engines KW - Occupational exposure KW - Dust KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16190624?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Submicrometer+elemental+carbon+as+a+selective+measure+of+diesel+particulate+matter+in+coal+mines&rft.au=Birch%2C+ME%3BNoll%2C+J+D&rft.aulast=Birch&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb407507b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carbon; Particulates; Coal; Mining; Diesel engines; Dust; Occupational exposure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b407507b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expecting the unexpected--drug safety, pharmacovigilance, and the prepared mind. AN - 66935839; 15459298 JF - The New England journal of medicine AU - Trontell, Anne AD - Office of Drug Safety, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md, USA. Y1 - 2004/09/30/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 30 SP - 1385 EP - 1387 VL - 351 IS - 14 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 0 KW - Erythropoietin KW - 11096-26-7 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure -- chemically induced KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Erythropoietin -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66935839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Expecting+the+unexpected--drug+safety%2C+pharmacovigilance%2C+and+the+prepared+mind.&rft.au=Trontell%2C+Anne&rft.aulast=Trontell&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.date=2004-09-30&rft.volume=351&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1385&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=1533-4406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: N Engl J Med. 2004 Sep 30;351(14):1403-8 [15459301] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical devices; clinical chemistry and clinical toxicology devices; classification of sirolimus test system devices. Final rule. AN - 66923702; 15457610 JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2004/09/30/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 30 SP - 58258 EP - 58260 VL - 69 IS - 189 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Sirolimus KW - W36ZG6FT64 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Equipment Safety KW - Clinical Chemistry Tests -- instrumentation KW - Sirolimus -- blood KW - Clinical Chemistry Tests -- classification KW - Toxicology -- instrumentation KW - Toxicology -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66923702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Medical+devices%3B+clinical+chemistry+and+clinical+toxicology+devices%3B+classification+of+sirolimus+test+system+devices.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2004-09-30&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=189&rft.spage=58258&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Risk and Protective Factors for Substance Use among American Indian or Alaska Native Youths. The NSDUH Report AN - 62130304; ED484695 AB - Recent reports have shown higher rates of substance use among American Indians or Alaska Natives compared with persons from other racial ethnic groups. Among American Indian or Alaska Native youths aged 12 to 17, the rates of past month cigarette use, binge drinking, and illicit drug use were higher than those from other racial ethnic groups. This report looks at risk and protective factors for substance use among 46,310 respondents aged 12 to 17 (representing a national population of 25 million) comparing American Indian or Alaska Native youths with youths among all other racialethnic groups combined. The focus is on American Indian or Alaska Native youths and their higher levels of risk factors or lower levels of protective factors compared with youths of other races. Three categories of risk and protective factors were examined: (1) individual and peers; (2) family;and (3) school. All estimates are annual averages based on combined 2002 and 2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data. Y1 - 2004/09/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 24 SP - 3 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Drinking KW - Comparative Analysis KW - Risk KW - Family Environment KW - Substance Abuse KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Peer Groups KW - Drug Use KW - Adolescents KW - Alaska Natives KW - American Indians UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62130304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ERIC&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-09-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Risk+and+Protective+Factors+for+Substance+Use+among+American+Indian+or+Alaska+Native+Youths.+The+NSDUH+Report&rft.title=Risk+and+Protective+Factors+for+Substance+Use+among+American+Indian+or+Alaska+Native+Youths.+The+NSDUH+Report&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - NIH MASTER PLAN 2003 UPDATE, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH MAIN CAMPUS, BETHESDA, MARYLAND. AN - 36437943; 11183 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of the updated 2003 master development plan for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Main Campus in Bethesda, Maryland is proposed. The primary mission of NIH is to expand fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior or living systems, to apply that knowledge to enhance the health of human lives, and to reduce the burdens of disease and disability. The 2003 plan updates the 1995 plan. It would guide and coordinate the physical development of the NIH Bethesda Campus with respect to buildings, utilities, roads and streetscapes, landscapes, and amenities over the next 20 years in response to projected NIH administrative, research, and infrastructure support needs. Programming of future campus personnel and facilities was determine through an extensive series of interviews with NIH management and individual institute and center directorates. The principal features of the master plan include construction of the 2005-million-gross--square-foot (gsf) Hatfield Clinical Research Center to replace the existing Clinical Center hospital and provide 240 inpatient beds and 90 day-hospital stations; stabilization of 0.5 million gsf of space in the existing Magnusen Clinical Center Complex to prepare the complex for adaptive reuse; construction of up to 12 new buildings, containing 2.17 million gsf of laboratory space, for intramural research; continuation of the upgrading and modernization program for support utilities and infrastructure; replacement of housing and care facilities for animals used in research; consolidation of surface parking into multi-level and underground parking structures; construction of a loop road that would follow existing campus streets physical reorganization of the campus to improve administrative and operational functions, raise the aesthetic level of the area, and protect older campus buildings of historic value; management of storm water through a site storm water management plan; construction of expanded child care facilities for employees as well as small-scale retail and service activities; and enhancement of a natural area or buffer zone around the periphery of the campus through removal of surface parking and increased landscaping. In addition to the master plan, this draft EIS considers a No Action Alternative. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Plan implementation would significantly enhance the functional and social aspects of the NIH Bethesda Campus. Research facilities would be significantly upgraded and facility inadequacies would be corrected. The modified transportation system would provide enhance access within the campus, and landscaping and other aesthetic improvements would transform the somewhat dysfunctional campus into a pleasing and functionally adequate workplace. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Increases in personnel using the site would place additional stress on the local transportation system within and outside the campus, utilities and waste management facilities, and energy sources. The plan would include the demolition of Building 7, which is eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Construction activities could result in the loss of 500 mature trees. JF - EPA number: 040458, 311 pages, ,September 24, 2004 PY - 2004 KW - Research and Development KW - Buildings KW - Demolition KW - Employment KW - Historic Sites KW - Parking KW - Research Facilities KW - Roads KW - Site Planning KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Transportation KW - Vegetation KW - Maryland UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36437943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-09-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=NIH+MASTER+PLAN+2003+UPDATE%2C+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.title=NIH+MASTER+PLAN+2003+UPDATE%2C+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: September 24, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-30 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - NIH MASTER PLAN 2003 UPDATE, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH MAIN CAMPUS, BETHESDA, MARYLAND. [Part 1 of 1] T2 - NIH MASTER PLAN 2003 UPDATE, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH MAIN CAMPUS, BETHESDA, MARYLAND. AN - 36367582; 11183-040458_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of the updated 2003 master development plan for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Main Campus in Bethesda, Maryland is proposed. The primary mission of NIH is to expand fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior or living systems, to apply that knowledge to enhance the health of human lives, and to reduce the burdens of disease and disability. The 2003 plan updates the 1995 plan. It would guide and coordinate the physical development of the NIH Bethesda Campus with respect to buildings, utilities, roads and streetscapes, landscapes, and amenities over the next 20 years in response to projected NIH administrative, research, and infrastructure support needs. Programming of future campus personnel and facilities was determine through an extensive series of interviews with NIH management and individual institute and center directorates. The principal features of the master plan include construction of the 2005-million-gross--square-foot (gsf) Hatfield Clinical Research Center to replace the existing Clinical Center hospital and provide 240 inpatient beds and 90 day-hospital stations; stabilization of 0.5 million gsf of space in the existing Magnusen Clinical Center Complex to prepare the complex for adaptive reuse; construction of up to 12 new buildings, containing 2.17 million gsf of laboratory space, for intramural research; continuation of the upgrading and modernization program for support utilities and infrastructure; replacement of housing and care facilities for animals used in research; consolidation of surface parking into multi-level and underground parking structures; construction of a loop road that would follow existing campus streets physical reorganization of the campus to improve administrative and operational functions, raise the aesthetic level of the area, and protect older campus buildings of historic value; management of storm water through a site storm water management plan; construction of expanded child care facilities for employees as well as small-scale retail and service activities; and enhancement of a natural area or buffer zone around the periphery of the campus through removal of surface parking and increased landscaping. In addition to the master plan, this draft EIS considers a No Action Alternative. POSITIVE IMPACTS: Plan implementation would significantly enhance the functional and social aspects of the NIH Bethesda Campus. Research facilities would be significantly upgraded and facility inadequacies would be corrected. The modified transportation system would provide enhance access within the campus, and landscaping and other aesthetic improvements would transform the somewhat dysfunctional campus into a pleasing and functionally adequate workplace. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Increases in personnel using the site would place additional stress on the local transportation system within and outside the campus, utilities and waste management facilities, and energy sources. The plan would include the demolition of Building 7, which is eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Construction activities could result in the loss of 500 mature trees. JF - EPA number: 040458, 311 pages, ,September 24, 2004 PY - 2004 VL - 1 KW - Research and Development KW - Buildings KW - Demolition KW - Employment KW - Historic Sites KW - Parking KW - Research Facilities KW - Roads KW - Site Planning KW - Traffic Analyses KW - Transportation KW - Vegetation KW - Maryland UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36367582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-09-24&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=NIH+MASTER+PLAN+2003+UPDATE%2C+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.title=NIH+MASTER+PLAN+2003+UPDATE%2C+NATIONAL+INSTITUTES+OF+HEALTH+MAIN+CAMPUS%2C+BETHESDA%2C+MARYLAND.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: September 24, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effect of oxythioquinox exposure on normal human mammary epithelial cell gene expression: a microarray analysis study. AN - 67281266; 15387888 AB - Inter-individual variation in normal human mammary epithelial cells in response to oxythioquinox (OTQ) is reported. Gene expression signatures resulting from chemical exposures are generally created from analysis of exposures in rat, mouse or other genetically similar animal models, limiting information about inter-individual variations. This study focused on the effect of inter-individual variation in gene expression signatures. Gene expression was studied in primary normal human mammary epithelial cells (NHMECs) derived from four women undergoing reduction mammoplasty [Cooperative Human Tissue Network (National Cancer Institute and National Disease Research Interchange)]. Gene transcription in each cell strain was analyzed using high-density oligonucleotide DNA microarrays (HuGeneFL, Affymetrix) and changes in the expression of selected genes were verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction at extended time points (ABI). DNA microarrays were hybridized to materials prepared from total RNA that was collected after OTQ treatment for 15, 60 and 120 min. RNA was harvested from the vehicle control (DMSO) at 120 min. The gene expression profile included all genes altered by at least a signal log ratio (SLR) of +/- 0.6 and p value < or = 0.05 in three of four cell strains analyzed. RNA species were clustered in various patterns of expression highlighting genes with altered expression in one or more of the cell strains, including metabolic enzymes and transcription factors. Of the clustered RNA species, only 36 were found to be altered at one time point in three or more of the cell strains analyzed (13 up-regulated, 23 down-regulated). Cluster analysis examined the effects of OTQ on the cells with specific p53 polymorphisms. The two strains expressing the major variant of p53 had 83 common genes altered (35 increased, 48 decreased) at one or more time point by at least a 0.6 signal log ratio (SLR). The intermediate variant strains showed 105 common genes altered (80 increased, 25 decreased) in both strains. Differential changes in expression of these genes may yield biomarkers that provide insight into inter-individual variation in cancer risk. Further, specific individual patterns of gene expression may help to determine more susceptible populations. JF - Environmental health : a global access science source AU - Gwinn, Maureen R AU - Whipkey, Diana L AU - Weston, Ainsley AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mail Stop #L-2015, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. mwg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 23 SP - 9 VL - 3 IS - 1 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Genetic Markers KW - Pesticides KW - Quinoxalines KW - quinomethionate KW - 2439-01-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mammaplasty KW - Humans KW - Female KW - Gene Expression -- drug effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis KW - Quinoxalines -- toxicity KW - Mammary Glands, Human -- pathology KW - Mammary Glands, Human -- drug effects KW - Gene Expression Profiling -- methods KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67281266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+%3A+a+global+access+science+source&rft.atitle=The+effect+of+oxythioquinox+exposure+on+normal+human+mammary+epithelial+cell+gene+expression%3A+a+microarray+analysis+study.&rft.au=Gwinn%2C+Maureen+R%3BWhipkey%2C+Diana+L%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley&rft.aulast=Gwinn&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft.date=2004-09-23&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+%3A+a+global+access+science+source&rft.issn=1476-069X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-02-15 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Toxicol Sci. 2002 Jun;67(2):219-31 [12011481] Toxicol Sci. 2002 Jun;67(2):232-40 [12011482] Toxicol Sci. 2002 Jul;68(1):184-99 [12075121] J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 5;277(27):24799-808 [11978787] Carcinogenesis. 2002 Oct;23(10):1561-8 [12376462] Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao. 2002 May;22(5):448-50 [12390713] Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 Jan 1;409(1):153-8 [12464254] Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Jan 1;31(1):82-6 [12519953] Toxicol Sci. 2003 Apr;72(2):314-30 [12655037] Pest Manag Sci. 2003 Jun-Jul;59(6-7):708-17 [12846321] Toxicol Sci. 2003 Oct;75(2):378-92 [12883083] Toxicol Sci. 2004 Jan;77(1):19-34 [14600272] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1970 May;173(1):60-70 [5442305] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1977;5(4):403-13 [883849] Toxicol Eur Res. 1979 Jul;2(4):187-93 [161935] Mol Cell Biol. 1991 Feb;11(2):1009-16 [1990262] Cancer Res. 1992 Mar 15;52(6):1643-6 [1540973] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Aug 16;91(17):8022-6 [8058751] Carcinogenesis. 1995 Sep;16(9):2233-6 [7554081] Carcinogenesis. 1996 Jun;17(6):1313-6 [8681448] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 May;104 Suppl 3:553-6 [8781382] Chem Res Toxicol. 1996 Jan-Feb;9(1):84-92 [8924621] Trends Biochem Sci. 1996 Nov;21(11):422-5 [8987396] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1997 Feb;6(2):105-12 [9037561] J Cell Physiol. 1998 Feb;174(2):160-9 [9428802] Br J Cancer. 1999 Sep;81(1):179-83 [10487631] Cancer Res. 2000 Mar 15;60(6):1711-9 [10749144] Cancer Lett. 2000 Aug 1;156(1):63-72 [10840161] Cancer Res. 2000 Sep 15;60(18):5074-9 [11016631] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Apr;109(4):391-7 [11335188] Chem Res Toxicol. 2001 Jul;14(7):856-62 [11453732] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 Jan;11(1):127-30 [11815410] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - U.S. food and drug administration's dioxin monitoring program AN - 39868237; 3885563 AU - South, P AU - Egan, S K AU - Troxell, T AU - Bolger, P M Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39868237?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=U.S.+food+and+drug+administration%27s+dioxin+monitoring+program&rft.au=South%2C+P%3BEgan%2C+S+K%3BTroxell%2C+T%3BBolger%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=South&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Dioxin 2004, TU Berlin Servicegesellschaft mbH, Hardenbergstr. 19, 10623 Berlin, Germany; URL: www.dioxin2004.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effects of tributyltin chloride (TBTCI) on seroid hrmone and seroidogenic ezymes in sprague-dawley male rat AN - 39858730; 3880223 AU - Kang, T S AU - Lee, S J AU - Shin, J-H AU - Kang, I H AU - Kim, T S AU - Moon, HJ AU - Ki, HY AU - Bae, H AU - Dong AU - Yoon, Y-D Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39858730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+tributyltin+chloride+%28TBTCI%29+on+seroid+hrmone+and+seroidogenic+ezymes+in+sprague-dawley+male+rat&rft.au=Kang%2C+T+S%3BLee%2C+S+J%3BShin%2C+J-H%3BKang%2C+I+H%3BKim%2C+T+S%3BMoon%2C+HJ%3BKi%2C+HY%3BBae%2C+H%3BDong%3BYoon%2C+Y-D&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Dioxin 2004, TU Berlin Servicegesellschaft mbH, Hardenbergstr. 19, 10623 Berlin, Germany; URL: www.dioxin2004.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Applications of ground-based radar to mine slope monitoring AN - 39848374; 3866579 AU - McHugh, EL AU - Sabine, C AU - Long, D Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39848374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Applications+of+ground-based+radar+to+mine+slope+monitoring&rft.au=McHugh%2C+EL%3BSabine%2C+C%3BLong%2C+D&rft.aulast=McHugh&rft.aufirst=EL&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing, 5410 Grosvenor Lane, Suite 210, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; URL: www.asprs.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Telehealth performance measurement and the hidden telehealth system AN - 39844426; 3876617 AU - Puskin, D S AU - Procopio, L AU - Jones, G AU - Pie, R AU - Hassol, A Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39844426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Telehealth+performance+measurement+and+the+hidden+telehealth+system&rft.au=Puskin%2C+D+S%3BProcopio%2C+L%3BJones%2C+G%3BPie%2C+R%3BHassol%2C+A&rft.aulast=Puskin&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Amer. Telemedicine Assn., 1100 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA; URL: www.americantelemed.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - PBDE and PCB levels correlated in wild caught and farm-raised fish fillets in the USA AN - 39802460; 3883452 AU - Hayward, D AU - Wong, J AU - Krynitsky, A Y1 - 2004/09/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39802460?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=PBDE+and+PCB+levels+correlated+in+wild+caught+and+farm-raised+fish+fillets+in+the+USA&rft.au=Hayward%2C+D%3BWong%2C+J%3BKrynitsky%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Dioxin 2004, TU Berlin Servicegesellschaft mbH, Hardenbergstr. 19, 10623 Berlin, Germany; URL: www.dioxin2004.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rimonabant, a CB1 antagonist, blocks nicotine-conditioned place preferences. AN - 66977384; 15486497 AB - The effects of Rimonabant (SR141716), an antagonist at cannabinoid CB1 receptors, were evaluated in animal models for subjective and rewarding effects of nicotine. Acute administration of 1 or 3 mg/kg SR141716 blocked expression of nicotine-induced conditioned place preferences. SR141716 (0.3-3 mg/kg) was also studied in rats trained to discriminate nicotine from saline under a fixed-ratio schedule of food delivery. In contrast to nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion, SR141716 did not have nicotine-like discriminative effects and did not alter the dose-response curve for nicotine discrimination. These findings support the proposed use of SR141716 for smoking cessation and indicate that it would selectively reduce the influence of environmental stimuli that contribute to persistent smoking behavior, without affecting subjective responses to nicotine. JF - Neuroreport AU - Le Foll, Bernard AU - Goldberg, Steven R AD - Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. blefoll@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/09/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 15 SP - 2139 EP - 2143 VL - 15 IS - 13 SN - 0959-4965, 0959-4965 KW - Nicotinic Agonists KW - 0 KW - Piperidines KW - Pyrazoles KW - Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - rimonabant KW - RML78EN3XE KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Drug Interactions KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Male KW - Behavior, Animal KW - Piperidines -- pharmacology KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Pyrazoles -- pharmacology KW - Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Nicotine -- pharmacology KW - Reinforcement (Psychology) KW - Nicotinic Agonists -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66977384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroreport&rft.atitle=Rimonabant%2C+a+CB1+antagonist%2C+blocks+nicotine-conditioned+place+preferences.&rft.au=Le+Foll%2C+Bernard%3BGoldberg%2C+Steven+R&rft.aulast=Le+Foll&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.date=2004-09-15&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=2139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroreport&rft.issn=09594965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of antitumor activity of an interleukin-13 (IL-13) receptor-targeted cytotoxin composed of IL-13 antagonist and Pseudomonas exotoxin. AN - 66908536; 15448012 AB - We have shown previously that a chimeric fusion protein composed of human interleukin-13 (IL-13) and Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), termed IL-13 cytotoxin (IL13-PE38), is specifically cytotoxic to various cancer cell lines and primary cell cultures derived from a variety of solid cancers. In addition, we have shown that IL-13 mutant IL-13E13K, in which glutamic acid (E) residue at position 13 of IL-13 molecule was substituted by a lysine (K), is a powerful antagonist of IL-13 and binds to IL-13 receptor with a higher affinity compared with wild-type IL-13. In this study, we have generated an IL-13 cytotoxin IL13E13K-PE38, in which IL-13 antagonist is fused to PE to determine whether this molecule has improved cytotoxicity to tumor cells compared with wild type (wt)IL13-PE38. Highly purified IL13E13K-PE38 was tested in various tumor cell lines including seven glioblastoma multiforme cell lines to compare its binding to the cells, in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo antitumor activity, and safety in mouse model with wtIL13-PE38. IL13E13K-PE38 bound to U251MG and IL-13Ralpha2 chain-transfected tumor cell lines with 3 to 10 times higher affinity compared with wtIL13-PE38. However, IL13E13K-PE38 did not show higher cytotoxicity compared with wtIL13-PE38 in glioblastoma multiforme or any other cell lines tested. The antitumor activity of IL13E13K-PE38, when administered intraperitoneally to nude mice bearing U251 tumors, was also similar to wtIL13-PE38. Some improvement in antitumor activity was observed when lower doses of IL13E13K-PE38 were injected intratumorally in subcutaneous tumors. These results indicate that in general, IL13E13K-PE38 mediates similar cytotoxicity and antitumor activity to wtIL13-PE38 despite its improved binding affinity to IL-13 receptors. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Kioi, Mitomu AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/09/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 15 SP - 6231 EP - 6238 VL - 10 IS - 18 Pt 1 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Cytotoxins KW - Exotoxins KW - IL13-PE38 KW - IL13E13K-PE38 protein KW - IL13RA1 protein, human KW - Il13ra1 protein, mouse KW - Interleukin-13 KW - Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit KW - Receptors, Interleukin KW - Receptors, Interleukin-13 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Mice, Nude KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Glioblastoma -- drug therapy KW - Mice KW - Cell Proliferation KW - Protein Binding KW - Neoplasm Transplantation KW - Binding, Competitive KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Interleukin-13 -- chemistry KW - Exotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- metabolism KW - Cytotoxins -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Exotoxins -- chemistry KW - Bacterial Toxins -- pharmacology KW - Pseudomonas -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- chemistry KW - Interleukin-13 -- pharmacology KW - Interleukin-13 -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66908536?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+antitumor+activity+of+an+interleukin-13+%28IL-13%29+receptor-targeted+cytotoxin+composed+of+IL-13+antagonist+and+Pseudomonas+exotoxin.&rft.au=Kioi%2C+Mitomu%3BKawakami%2C+Koji%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kioi&rft.aufirst=Mitomu&rft.date=2004-09-15&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=18+Pt+1&rft.spage=6231&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a dipeptide motif regulating IFN-gamma receptor 2 plasma membrane accumulation and IFN-gamma responsiveness. AN - 66858252; 15356148 AB - The IFN-gammaR complex is composed of two IFN-gammaR1 and two IFN-gammaR2 polypeptide chains. Although IFN-gammaR1 is constitutively expressed on all nucleated cells, IFN-gammaR2 membrane display is selective and tightly regulated. We created a series of fluorescent-tagged IFN-gammaR2 expression constructs to follow the molecule's cell surface expression and intracellular distribution. Truncation of the receptor immediately upstream of Leu-Ile 255-256 (254X) created a receptor devoid of signaling that overaccumulated on the cell surface. In addition, this truncated receptor inhibited wild-type IFN-gammaR2 activity and therefore exerted a dominant negative effect. In-frame deletion (255Delta2) or alanine substitution (LI255-256AA) of these amino acids created mutants that overaccumulated on the plasma membrane, but had enhanced function. Single amino acid substitutions (L255A or I256A) had a more modest effect. In-frame deletions upstream (253Delta2), but not downstream (257Delta2), of Leu-Ile 255-256 also led to overaccumulation. A truncation within the IFN-gammaR2 Jak2 binding site (270X) led to a mutant devoid of function that did not overaccumulate and did not affect wild-type IFN-gammaR2 signaling. We have created a series of novel mutants of IFN-gammaR2 that have facilitated the identification of intracellular domains that control IFN-gammaR2 accumulation and IFN-gamma responsiveness. In contrast to IFN-gammaR1, not only dominant negative, but also dominant gain-of-function, mutations were created through manipulation of IFN-gammaR2 Leu-Ile 255-256. These IFN-gammaR2 mutants will allow fine dissection of the role of IFN-gamma signaling in immunity. Copyright 2004 The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Rosenzweig, Sergio D AU - Schwartz, Owen M AU - Brown, Margaret R AU - Leto, Thomas L AU - Holland, Steven M AD - Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/09/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 15 SP - 3991 EP - 3999 VL - 173 IS - 6 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - Dipeptides KW - 0 KW - IFNGR2 protein, human KW - Luminescent Proteins KW - Protein Sorting Signals KW - Receptors, Interferon KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Green Fluorescent Proteins KW - 147336-22-9 KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Mannosidases KW - EC 3.2.1.- KW - endo-1,4-beta-D-mannanase KW - EC 3.2.1.78 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Amino Acid Motifs -- immunology KW - Protein Sorting Signals -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Motifs -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Intracellular Fluid -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- physiology KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Cell Aggregation -- genetics KW - Down-Regulation -- genetics KW - Transfection KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Mannosidases -- pharmacology KW - Intracellular Fluid -- chemistry KW - Signal Transduction -- genetics KW - Intracellular Fluid -- immunology KW - Signal Transduction -- immunology KW - Mannosidases -- metabolism KW - Cell Aggregation -- immunology KW - Cell Line, Transformed KW - Luminescent Proteins -- genetics KW - Cell Line KW - Receptors, Interferon -- physiology KW - Dipeptides -- chemistry KW - Interferon-gamma -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Cell Membrane -- immunology KW - Dipeptides -- physiology KW - Cell Membrane -- genetics KW - Receptors, Interferon -- genetics KW - Interferon-gamma -- metabolism KW - Interferon-gamma -- physiology KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Interferon -- metabolism KW - Dipeptides -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66858252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+dipeptide+motif+regulating+IFN-gamma+receptor+2+plasma+membrane+accumulation+and+IFN-gamma+responsiveness.&rft.au=Rosenzweig%2C+Sergio+D%3BSchwartz%2C+Owen+M%3BBrown%2C+Margaret+R%3BLeto%2C+Thomas+L%3BHolland%2C+Steven+M&rft.aulast=Rosenzweig&rft.aufirst=Sergio&rft.date=2004-09-15&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3991&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mass spectrometric measurement of differential reactivity of cysteine to localize protein-ligand binding sites. Application to tubulin-binding drugs. AN - 66805946; 15325307 AB - A new method for localizing binding sites of noncovalent drugs on proteins is presented. We have developed an accurate and high-throughput method based on the mass spectrometric measurement of differential reaction yield of cysteine alkylation (MS-DRC). This method, essentially a semiquantitative footprinting approach, is applicable to any type of ligand targeting cysteine-rich proteins because the method measures the reactivity change of each cysteine toward an alkylating agent instead of monitoring the drug itself. Thus, no modification of the drug is needed. In this study, the method is evaluated using tubulin as a model system. Tubulin and drug-treated tubulin were alkylated separately with several alkylating reagents, followed by proteolysis and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and HPLC-MS. Relative alkylation yields of each cysteine toward the reagents were measured by mass spectrometric quantitation. The reaction yields of each cysteine of two samples were compared to detect a particular cysteine (or cysteines) for which reaction yield was markedly decreased following drug binding. Monobromobimane (mBrB) showed the highest differential.Thus, the MS-DRC method with mBrB was evaluated with various tubulin agents, including the covalent agent T138067 and the noncovalent agents colchicine, podophyllotoxin, and 2-methoxyestradiol. Conformational changes induced by drug binding, as well as sites of direct binding, may be identified. JF - Analytical biochemistry AU - Kim, Yeoun Jin AU - Pannell, Lewis K AU - Sackett, Dan L AD - National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/09/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 15 SP - 376 EP - 383 VL - 332 IS - 2 SN - 0003-2697, 0003-2697 KW - Alkylating Agents KW - 0 KW - Ligands KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - Tubulin KW - Guanosine Diphosphate KW - 146-91-8 KW - Cysteine KW - K848JZ4886 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Drug Delivery Systems KW - Guanosine Diphosphate -- metabolism KW - Alkylating Agents -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Alkylating Agents -- chemistry KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Protein Binding KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Protein Conformation KW - Binding Sites KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- metabolism KW - Cysteine -- chemistry KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- chemistry KW - Tubulin -- chemistry KW - Tubulin -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66805946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Mass+spectrometric+measurement+of+differential+reactivity+of+cysteine+to+localize+protein-ligand+binding+sites.+Application+to+tubulin-binding+drugs.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Yeoun+Jin%3BPannell%2C+Lewis+K%3BSackett%2C+Dan+L&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Yeoun&rft.date=2004-09-15&rft.volume=332&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=376&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.issn=00032697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer Incidence Among Pesticide Applicators Exposed to Atrazine in the Agricultural Health Study AN - 17861132; 6031526 AB - BACKGROUND: Atrazine is the most heavily applied agricultural pesticide for crop production in the United States. Both animal and human studies have suggested that atrazine is possibly carcinogenic, but results have been mixed. We evaluated cancer incidence in atrazine-exposed pesticide applicators among 53 943 participants in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. METHODS: We obtained detailed pesticide exposure information using a self-administered questionnaire completed at the time of enrollment (1993-1997). Cancer incidence was followed through December 31, 2001. We used adjusted Poisson regression to calculate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of multiple types of cancer among atrazine exposed applicators. P sub(trend) values were calculated using atrazine exposure as a continuous variable, and all statistical tests were two- sided. Two exposure metrics were used: quartiles of lifetime days of exposure and quartiles of intensity-weighted lifetime days of exposure. RESULTS: 36 513 (68%) applicators reported ever using atrazine; exposure was not associated with overall cancer incidence. Comparisons of cancer incidence in applicators with the highest atrazine exposure and those with the lowest exposure, assessed by lifetime days (RR sub(LD)) and intensity-weighted lifetime days (RR sub(IWLD)) of exposure yielded the following results: prostate cancer, RR sub(LD) = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.63 to 1.23, P sub(trend) = .26, and RR sub(IWLD) = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.63 to 1.25, P sub(trend) = .35; lung cancer, RR sub(LD) = 1.91, 95% CI = 0.93 to 3.94, P sub(trend) = .08, and RR sub(IWLD) = 1.37, 95% CI = 0.65 to 2.86, P sub(trend) = .19; bladder cancer, RR sub(LD) = 3.06, 95% CI = 0.86 to 10.81, P sub(trend) =.18, and RR sub(IWLD) = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.24 to 2.94, P sub(trend) = .71; non-Hodgkin lymphoma, RR sub(LD) = 1.61, 95% CI = 0.62 to 4.16, P sub(trend) = .35, and RR sub(IWLD) = 1.75, 95% CI = 0.73 to 4.20, P sub(trend) = .14; and multiple myeloma, RR sub(LD) = 1.60, 95% CI = 0.37 to 7.01, P sub(trend) = .41, and RR sub(IWLD) = 2.17, 95% CI = 0.45 to 10.32, P sub(trend) = .21. CONCLUSIONS: Our analyses did not find any clear associations between atrazine exposure and any cancer analyzed. However, further studies are warranted for tumor types in which there was a suggestion of trend (lung, bladder, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma). JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Rusiecki, Jennifer A AU - De Roos, Anneclaire AU - Lee, Won Jin AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AU - Lubin, Jay H AU - Hoppin, Jane A AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Alavanja, Michael CR AD - Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch and Biostatistics Branch, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD Y1 - 2004/09/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 15 SP - 1375 EP - 1382 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 96 IS - 18 SN - 0027-8874, 0027-8874 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Pesticides KW - Atrazine KW - Agrochemicals KW - Cancer KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 5000:Pesticides UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17861132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Cancer+Incidence+Among+Pesticide+Applicators+Exposed+to+Atrazine+in+the+Agricultural+Health+Study&rft.au=Rusiecki%2C+Jennifer+A%3BDe+Roos%2C+Anneclaire%3BLee%2C+Won+Jin%3BDosemeci%2C+Mustafa%3BLubin%2C+Jay+H%3BHoppin%2C+Jane+A%3BBlair%2C+Aaron%3BAlavanja%2C+Michael+CR&rft.aulast=Rusiecki&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2004-09-15&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=1375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=00278874&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agrochemicals; Atrazine; Pesticides; Occupational exposure; Cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Radiation exposure assessment for Portsmouth naval shipyard health studies AN - 17797228; 6035105 AB - Occupational radiation exposures of 13,475 civilian nuclear shipyard workers were investigated as part of a retrospective mortality study. Estimates of annual, cumulative and collective doses were tabulated for future dose-response analysis. Record sets were assembled and amended through range checks, examination of distributions and inspection. Methods were developed to adjust for administrative overestimates and dose from previous employment. Uncertainties from doses below the recording threshold were estimated. Low-dose protracted radiation exposures from submarine overhaul and repair predominated. Cumulative doses are best approximated by a hybrid log-normal distribution with arithmetic mean and median values of 20.59 and 3.24 mSv, respectively. The distribution is highly skewed with more than half the workers having cumulative doses 95% having doses <100 mSv. The maximum cumulative dose is estimated at 649.39 mSv from 15 person-years of exposure. The collective dose was 277.42 person-Sv with 96.8% attributed to employment at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. JF - Radiation Protection Dosimetry AU - Daniels, R D AU - Taulbee, T D AU - Chen, P AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies (DSHEFS), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 5555 Ridge Avenue, R-44, Cincinnati, OH Y1 - 2004/09/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 15 SP - 139 EP - 150 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 111 IS - 2 SN - 0144-8420, 0144-8420 KW - shipyards KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Radiation KW - Dose-response effects KW - Occupational exposure KW - USA, New Hampshire, Portsmouth KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17797228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+Protection+Dosimetry&rft.atitle=Radiation+exposure+assessment+for+Portsmouth+naval+shipyard+health+studies&rft.au=Daniels%2C+R+D%3BTaulbee%2C+T+D%3BChen%2C+P&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-09-15&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiation+Protection+Dosimetry&rft.issn=01448420&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New Hampshire, Portsmouth; Occupational exposure; Radiation; Dose-response effects; Mortality ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Building an organ-specific carcinogenic database for SAR analyses. AN - 66887355; 15371237 AB - FDA reviewers need a means to rapidly predict organ-specific carcinogenicity to aid in evaluating new chemicals submitted for approval. This research addressed the building of a database to use in developing a predictive model for such an application based on structure-activity relationships (SAR). The Internet availability of the Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB) provided a solid foundation on which to base such a model. The addition of molecular structures to the CPDB provided the extra ingredient necessary for SAR analyses. However, the CPDB had to be compressed from a multirecord to a single record per chemical database; multiple records representing each gender, species, route of administration, and organ-specific toxicity had to be summarized into a single record for each study. Multiple studies on a single chemical had to be further reduced based on a hierarchical scheme. Structural cleanup involved removal of all chemicals that would impede the accurate generation of SAR type descriptors from commercial software programs; that is, inorganic chemicals, mixtures, and organometallics were removed. Counterions such as Na, K, sulfates, hydrates, and salts were also removed for structural consistency. Structural modification sometimes resulted in duplicate records that also had to be reduced to a single record based on the hierarchical scheme. The modified database containing 999 chemicals was evaluated for liver-specific carcinogenicity using a variety of analysis techniques. These preliminary analyses all yielded approximately the same results with an overall predictability of about 63%, which was comprised of a sensitivity of about 30% and a specificity of about 77%. Copyright Taylor & Francis Inc. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Young, John AU - Tong, Weida AU - Fang, Hong AU - Xie, Qian AU - Pearce, Bruce AU - Hashemi, Ray AU - Beger, Richard AU - Cheeseman, Mitchell AU - Chen, James AU - Chang, Yuan-Chin AU - Kodell, Ralph AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. jyoung@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/09/10/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 10 SP - 1363 EP - 1389 VL - 67 IS - 17 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Molecular Structure KW - Animals KW - Discriminant Analysis KW - Humans KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Drug Approval -- organization & administration KW - Molecular Weight KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Data Compression -- methods KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Toxicity Tests KW - Data Compression -- standards KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Models, Chemical KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Toxicology KW - Internet KW - Carcinogens -- classification KW - Carcinogens -- chemistry KW - Organ Specificity KW - Databases, Factual -- standards KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66887355?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Building+an+organ-specific+carcinogenic+database+for+SAR+analyses.&rft.au=Young%2C+John%3BTong%2C+Weida%3BFang%2C+Hong%3BXie%2C+Qian%3BPearce%2C+Bruce%3BHashemi%2C+Ray%3BBeger%2C+Richard%3BCheeseman%2C+Mitchell%3BChen%2C+James%3BChang%2C+Yuan-Chin%3BKodell%2C+Ralph&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-09-10&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=1363&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Time-dependent apoptosis of alveolar macrophages from rats exposed to bleomycin: involvement of tnf receptor 2. AN - 66887238; 15371238 AB - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) is produced by alveolar macrophages (AM) in response to bleomycin (BLM) exposure. This cytokine has been linked to BLM-induced pulmonary inflammation, an early drug effect, and to lung fibrosis, the ultimate toxic effect of BLM. The present study was carried out to study the time dependence of apoptotic signaling pathways and the potential roles of TNF receptors in BLM-induced AM apoptosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to saline or BLM (1 mg/kg) by intratracheal instillation. At 1, 3, or 7 d postexposure, AM were isolated by bronchoalveolar (BAL) lavage and evaluated for apoptosis by ELISA. The release of cytochrome c from mitochrondria, the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9, the cleavage of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and the expression of TNF receptors (TNF-R1/p55 and TNF-R2/p75), TNF-R-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (c-IAP1) were determined by immunoblotting. The results showed that BLM exposure induced AM apoptosis, with the highest apoptotic effect occurring at 1 d after exposure and gradually decreasing at 3 and 7 d postexposure, but still remaining significantly above the control level. The maximal translocation of cytochromec from mitochondria into the cytosol was observed at 1 d postexposure, whereas the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and caspase-3-dependent cleavage of PARP was found to reach a peak level at 3 d postexposure. BLM exposure had no marked effect on AM expression of TNF-R1 or caspase-8 activation, but significantly increased the expression of TNF-R2 that was accompanied by a rise in c-IAP1 and a decrease in TRAF2. This induction of TNF-R2 by BLM was significant on d 1 and increased with greater exposure time. In vitro studies showed that pretreatment of naive AM with a TNF-R2 antibody significantly inhibited BLM-induced caspase-3 activity and apoptosis. These results suggest that BLM-induced apoptosis involves multiple pathways in a time-dependent manner. Since maximal BLM-induced AM apoptosis (1 d postexposure) preceded maximal changes in caspase-9 and -3 (3 d postexposure), it is possible that a caspase-independent mechanism is involved in this initial response. These results indicate that the sustained expression of TNF-R2 in AM by BLM exposure may sensitize these cells to TNF-a-mediated toxicity. Copyright Taylor & Francis Inc. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Zhao, H W AU - Hu, S Y AU - Barger, M W AU - Ma, J K H AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, J Y C AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 2004/09/10/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 10 SP - 1391 EP - 1406 VL - 67 IS - 17 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD KW - Proteins KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I KW - TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 KW - Bleomycin KW - 11056-06-7 KW - Cytochromes c KW - 9007-43-6 KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases KW - EC 2.4.2.30 KW - Casp3 protein, rat KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Casp8 protein, rat KW - Casp9 protein, rat KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspase 8 KW - Caspase 9 KW - Caspases KW - Index Medicus KW - Translocation, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Antigens, CD -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- immunology KW - Instillation, Drug KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Caspases -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Immunoblotting KW - Antigens, CD -- physiology KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- drug effects KW - Inflammation KW - Cytochromes c -- drug effects KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- pathology KW - Pulmonary Fibrosis -- chemically induced KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- physiology KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Proteins -- drug effects KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Bleomycin -- toxicity KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Proteins -- physiology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- physiology KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66887238?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Time-dependent+apoptosis+of+alveolar+macrophages+from+rats+exposed+to+bleomycin%3A+involvement+of+tnf+receptor+2.&rft.au=Zhao%2C+H+W%3BHu%2C+S+Y%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BMa%2C+J+K+H%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+J+Y+C&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-09-10&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=1391&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular characterization of a phenanthrene degradation pathway in Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1. AN - 66790892; 15313184 AB - Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 is capable of degrading a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to ring cleavage metabolites via multiple pathways. Genes for the large and small subunits of a pyrene dioxygenase, nidA and nidB, respectively, were previously identified in M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 [Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67 (2001) 3577]. A library of the M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 genome was constructed in a fosmid vector to identify additional genes involved in PAH degradation. Twelve fosmid clones containing nidA were identified by Southern hybridization. Sequence analysis of one nidA-positive clone, pFOS608, revealed a number of additional genes involved in PAH degradation. At this locus, one putative operon contained genes involved in phthalate degradation, and another contained genes encoding a putative ABC transporter(s). A number of the genes found in this region are homologous to those involved in phenanthrene degradation via the phthalic acid pathway. The majority of phenanthrene degradation genes were located between putative transposase genes. In Escherichia coli, pFOS608 converted phenanthrene into phenanthrene cis-3,4-dihydrodiol, and converted 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid into 2'-carboxybenzalpyruvate, 2-carboxybenzaldehyde, and phthalic acid. A subclone containing nidA and nidB converted phenanthrene into phenanthrene cis-3,4-dihydrodiol, suggesting that the NidAB dioxygenase is responsible for an initial attack on phenanthrene. This study is the first to identify genes responsible for the degradation of phenanthrene via the phthalic acid pathway in Mycobacterium species. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Stingley, Robin L AU - Khan, Ashraf A AU - Cerniglia, Carl E AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, US FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/09/10/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 10 SP - 133 EP - 146 VL - 322 IS - 1 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - Multienzyme Complexes KW - 0 KW - Phenanthrenes KW - Phthalic Acids KW - phenanthrene KW - 448J8E5BST KW - phthalic acid KW - 6O7F7IX66E KW - Oxidoreductases KW - EC 1.- KW - Oxygenases KW - EC 1.13.- KW - Transposases KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Transposases -- chemistry KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- metabolism KW - Transposases -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial -- physiology KW - Oxidoreductases -- chemistry KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Multienzyme Complexes -- chemistry KW - Oxidoreductases -- genetics KW - Oxidoreductases -- metabolism KW - Transposases -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic -- physiology KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Phenanthrenes -- metabolism KW - Mycobacterium -- genetics KW - Oxygenases -- metabolism KW - Mycobacterium -- metabolism KW - Phthalic Acids -- metabolism KW - Oxygenases -- genetics KW - Oxygenases -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66790892?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+of+a+phenanthrene+degradation+pathway+in+Mycobacterium+vanbaalenii+PYR-1.&rft.au=Stingley%2C+Robin+L%3BKhan%2C+Ashraf+A%3BCerniglia%2C+Carl+E&rft.aulast=Stingley&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.date=2004-09-10&rft.volume=322&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=133&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serious ophthalmic pathology compromising vision in HCV/HIV co-infected patients treated with peginterferon alpha-2b and ribavirin. AN - 66795582; 15316341 AB - To characterize the ocular changes associated with peginterferon alpha 2b (peg-IFN alpha-2b) and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection in HIV co-infected individuals. A prospective, open-label trial treating HIV/hepatitis C (HCV) co-infected individuals with peg-IFN alpha-2b and ribavirin at the Warren Grant Magnusson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Twenty-three patients with a high mean CD4+ T-cell count were treated with peg-IFN alpha-2b and ribavirin and followed for 40 to 88 weeks. Ophthalmologic evaluations including visual acuity, visual field testing, color vision examination and indirect ophthalmoscopy were performed at baseline and every 3 months. Eight of the 23 patients (35%) developed ophthalmologic pathology, including cotton wool spots, cataracts, and two patients developed decreased color vision. These two patients regained their color vision, one after cessation of anti-HCV therapy. Although retinal pathologies have been reported in patients treated with interferon-alpha, they have not been reported during peg-IFN alpha-2b therapy nor in HIV/HCV co-infected patients. The incidence of serious ocular pathology associated with anti-HCV therapy may be very high and is probably associated with peg-IFN alpha-2b. Increased monitoring of patients treated with peg-IFN alpha-2b for retinal and visual changes is warranted. JF - AIDS (London, England) AU - Farel, Claire AU - Suzman, Daniel L AU - McLaughlin, Mary AU - Campbell, Colleen AU - Koratich, Chad AU - Masur, Henry AU - Metcalf, Julia A AU - Robinson, Michael R AU - Polis, Michael A AU - Kottilil, Shyam AD - Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2004/09/03/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 03 SP - 1805 EP - 1809 VL - 18 IS - 13 SN - 0269-9370, 0269-9370 KW - Interferon-alpha KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Polyethylene Glycols KW - 30IQX730WE KW - interferon alfa-2b KW - 43K1W2T1M6 KW - Ribavirin KW - 49717AWG6K KW - peginterferon alfa-2b KW - G8RGG88B68 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Color Vision Defects -- chemically induced KW - Prospective Studies KW - Humans KW - Cataract -- chemically induced KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Vision Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Interferon-alpha -- adverse effects KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - Hepatitis C, Chronic -- drug therapy KW - Eye Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Ribavirin -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66795582?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.atitle=Serious+ophthalmic+pathology+compromising+vision+in+HCV%2FHIV+co-infected+patients+treated+with+peginterferon+alpha-2b+and+ribavirin.&rft.au=Farel%2C+Claire%3BSuzman%2C+Daniel+L%3BMcLaughlin%2C+Mary%3BCampbell%2C+Colleen%3BKoratich%2C+Chad%3BMasur%2C+Henry%3BMetcalf%2C+Julia+A%3BRobinson%2C+Michael+R%3BPolis%2C+Michael+A%3BKottilil%2C+Shyam&rft.aulast=Farel&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2004-09-03&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIDS+%28London%2C+England%29&rft.issn=02699370&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuroprotective effect of L-carnitine in the 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-evoked neurotoxicity in rats. AN - 66819616; 15331167 AB - A plant and fungal toxin, 3-NPA, acts as an inhibitor of mitochondrial function via irreversible inactivation of the mitochondrial inner membrane enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). Inhibition of SDH disturbs electron transport and leads to cellular energy deficits and neuronal injury. We have shown that pretreatment with l-carnitine, while not significantly attenuating SDH inhibition, prevented hypothermia and oxidative stress-associated increased activity of free radical-scavenging enzymes. Here, a neurohistological method was applied to examine the effect of carnitine pretreatment against 3-NPA-induced neurotoxicity. Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10/group). Rats in the first group were injected twice with 3-NPA at 30 mg/kg s.c., 2 days apart, and the second group of animals received l-carnitine pretreatment at 100 mg/kg 30-40 min before 3-NPA administration. Rats in both groups were perfused 7 days later and their brains harvested. Degenerating neurons were identified and localized via the fluorescent marker Fluoro-Jade B. In the three animals that survived 3-NPA dosing, one exhibited no pathology, one exhibited moderate unilateral damage to the striatum, and the third exhibited extensive bilateral neuronal degeneration in multiple forebrain regions. In the seven surviving animals that received l-carnitine prior to 3-NPA insult, six exhibited no lesions, while one exhibited a modest unilateral lesion in the striatum. It appears that l-carnitine is protective against 3-NPA-induced toxicity, as reflected by both reduced mortality and significantly reduced neuronal degeneration. JF - Neuroscience letters AU - Binienda, Zbigniew AU - Virmani, Ashraf AU - Przybyla-Zawislak, Beata AU - Schmued, Larry AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. zbinienda@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/09/02/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 02 SP - 264 EP - 267 VL - 367 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3940, 0304-3940 KW - Neuroprotective Agents KW - 0 KW - Neurotoxins KW - Nitro Compounds KW - Propionates KW - 3-nitropropionic acid KW - QY4L0FOX0D KW - Carnitine KW - S7UI8SM58A KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cell Death -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Propionates -- toxicity KW - Propionates -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Carnitine -- pharmacology KW - Nerve Degeneration -- chemically induced KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Nerve Degeneration -- prevention & control KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Carnitine -- therapeutic use KW - Neurotoxins -- toxicity KW - Neurotoxins -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Neuroprotective Agents -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66819616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience+letters&rft.atitle=Neuroprotective+effect+of+L-carnitine+in+the+3-nitropropionic+acid+%283-NPA%29-evoked+neurotoxicity+in+rats.&rft.au=Binienda%2C+Zbigniew%3BVirmani%2C+Ashraf%3BPrzybyla-Zawislak%2C+Beata%3BSchmued%2C+Larry&rft.aulast=Binienda&rft.aufirst=Zbigniew&rft.date=2004-09-02&rft.volume=367&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroscience+letters&rft.issn=03043940&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Outbreak of Clostridium histolyticum infections in injecting drug users in England and Scotland. AN - 67287475; 15381836 AB - Clostridial infections in injecting drug users in the United Kingdom are a relatively new phenomenon that came to light in 2000 when cases of serious illness and deaths due to Clostridium novyi were recorded. In the period December 2003 to April 2004, the Anaerobe Reference Laboratory received twelve referrals of an extremely rare isolate, Clostridium histolyticum, from cases of infection in injecting drug users submitted from nine different hospitals in England and Scotland. Molecular typing of these isolates by two different methods of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR ribotyping revealed they are all indistinguishable, indicating a common source of the infections, most probably a batch of heroin that was recently distributed across the UK. JF - Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin AU - Brazier, J S AU - Gal, M AU - Hall, V AU - Morris, T E AD - Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Service of Wales, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 15 EP - 16 VL - 9 IS - 9 KW - Index Medicus KW - England -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Male KW - Female KW - Scotland -- epidemiology KW - Clostridium histolyticum KW - Clostridium Infections -- epidemiology KW - Heroin Dependence -- microbiology KW - Clostridium Infections -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67287475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euro+surveillance+%3A+bulletin+Europeen+sur+les+maladies+transmissibles+%3D+European+communicable+disease+bulletin&rft.atitle=Outbreak+of+Clostridium+histolyticum+infections+in+injecting+drug+users+in+England+and+Scotland.&rft.au=Brazier%2C+J+S%3BGal%2C+M%3BHall%2C+V%3BMorris%2C+T+E&rft.aulast=Brazier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Euro+surveillance+%3A+bulletin+Europeen+sur+les+maladies+transmissibles+%3D+European+communicable+disease+bulletin&rft.issn=1560-7917&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2005-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Field method for the determination of insoluble or total hexavalent chromium in workplace air. AN - 67085560; 15559333 AB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health method 7703 is a portable field procedure for the analysis of workplace air filter samples for hexavalent chromium (CrVI) content immediately after the samples are collected. The field method prescribes CrVI extraction from air filter samples with an ammonium sulfate/ammonium hydroxide extraction buffer using ultrasonic extraction (UE). Strong anion-exchange solid-phase extraction (SAE-SPE) is then used to separate CrVI from trivalent chromium and other interferences. Portable spectrophotometric measurement of CrVI is then conducted using the 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) method. However, it has been found that the ammonium extraction buffer does not adequately bring insoluble CrVI compounds into solution during the UE process. Thus, it was deemed necessary to modify the field method so that it would provide acceptable recoveries for insoluble CrVI compounds. To this end, a more alkaline extraction solution--sodium carbonate/sodium bicarbonate buffer--was investigated. The modified procedure using the highly alkaline extraction solution was demonstrated to be compatible with SAE-SPE cartridges when determining insoluble CrVI in air filter samples. It was found that the carbonate/bicarbonate buffer was equally effective for complete dissolution of both insoluble and soluble forms of CrVI. Furthermore, the modified procedure met desired performance criteria established for air sampling and analytical methods. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Hazelwood, Kyle J AU - Drake, Pamela L AU - Ashley, Kevin AU - Marcy, Dale AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Spokane, Washington 99207, USA. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 613 EP - 619 VL - 1 IS - 9 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Buffers KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - chromium hexavalent ion KW - 18540-29-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Filtration KW - Solubility KW - Humans KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Chromium -- analysis KW - Workplace KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67085560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Field+method+for+the+determination+of+insoluble+or+total+hexavalent+chromium+in+workplace+air.&rft.au=Hazelwood%2C+Kyle+J%3BDrake%2C+Pamela+L%3BAshley%2C+Kevin%3BMarcy%2C+Dale&rft.aulast=Hazelwood&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=613&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photodecomposition of Pigment Yellow 74, a pigment used in tattoo inks. AN - 67061331; 15362942 AB - Tattooing has become a popular recreational practice among younger adults over the past decade. Although some of the pigments used in tattooing have been described, very little is known concerning the toxicology, phototoxicology or photochemistry of these pigments. Seven yellow tattoo inks were obtained from commercial sources and their pigments extracted, identified and quantitatively analyzed. The monoazo compound Pigment Yellow 74 (PY74; CI 11741) was found to be the major pigment in several of the tattoo inks. Solutions of commercial PY74 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) were deoxygenated using argon gas, and the photochemical reaction products were determined after exposure to simulated solar light generated by a filtered 6.5 kW xenon arc lamp. Spectrophotometric and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses indicated that PY74 photodecomposed to multiple products that were isolated using a combination of silica chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC. Three of the major photodecomposition products were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry as N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide (o-acetoacetanisidide), 2-(hydroxyimine)-N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide and N,N''-bis(2-methoxyphenyl)urea. These results demonstrate that PY74 is not photostable in THF and that photochemical lysis occurs at several sites in PY74 including the hydrazone and amide groups. The data also suggest that the use of PY74 in tattoo inks could potentially result in the formation of photolysis products, resulting in toxicity at the tattoo site after irradiation with sunlight or more intense light sources. JF - Photochemistry and photobiology AU - Cui, Yanyan AU - Spann, Andrew P AU - Couch, Letha H AU - Gopee, Neera V AU - Evans, Frederick E AU - Churchwell, Mona I AU - Williams, Lee D AU - Doerge, Daniel R AU - Howard, Paul C AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. PY - 2004 SP - 175 EP - 184 VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0031-8655, 0031-8655 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Coloring Agents KW - Hydrazones KW - pigment yellow 74 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Photolysis KW - Aniline Compounds -- chemistry KW - Ink KW - Tattooing -- instrumentation KW - Coloring Agents -- chemistry KW - Hydrazones -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67061331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.atitle=Photodecomposition+of+Pigment+Yellow+74%2C+a+pigment+used+in+tattoo+inks.&rft.au=Cui%2C+Yanyan%3BSpann%2C+Andrew+P%3BCouch%2C+Letha+H%3BGopee%2C+Neera+V%3BEvans%2C+Frederick+E%3BChurchwell%2C+Mona+I%3BWilliams%2C+Lee+D%3BDoerge%2C+Daniel+R%3BHoward%2C+Paul+C&rft.aulast=Cui&rft.aufirst=Yanyan&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Photochemistry+and+photobiology&rft.issn=00318655&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-04-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Photochem Photobiol. 2004 Sep-Oct;80(2):155-6 [15362953] Photochem Photobiol. 2004 Sep-Oct;80(2):157 [15335273] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternative anaerobic enrichments to the bacteriological analytical manual culture method for isolation of Shigella sonnei from selected types of fresh produce. AN - 66986447; 15493668 AB - Alternative methods of reducing oxygen during anaerobic enrichment in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) Shigella culture method were evaluated and compared to the current and less practical GasPak method. The alternative anaerobic methods included the use of reducing agents in Shigella broth and reducing culture container headspace volume to minimize atmospheric effects on oxygen concentration in Shigella broth during enrichment. The reducing agents evaluated were sodium thioglycollate, L-cystine, L-cysteine, titanium(III) citrate, and dithiothreitol, each at concentrations of 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01%. The use of Oxyrase for Broth with the enrichment medium (Shigella broth) was evaluated at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 microL/mL. Recoveries of chill- and freeze-stressed S. sonnei strains 357 and 20143 were determined with each anaerobic method, including the GasPak method, using inoculation levels ranging from 10(0)to 10(3) cells. For each anaerobic method, strain, inoculation level, and stress type, 5 replicate enrichments were evaluated by streaking to MacConkey agar for isolation. The numbers of cultures with each method from which S. sonnei was isolated were used to compare the alternative anaerobic methods to the GasPak method. The alternative anaerobic method with which chill- and freeze-stressed S. sonnei strains 357 and 20143 were isolated most consistently was the use of Oxyrase for Broth in Shigella broth at a concentration of 20 microL/mL. This method was compared to the GasPak anaerobic method in evaluations on the recovery of S. sonnei strains 357 and 20143 from artificially contaminated test portions of parsley, cilantro, green onions, strawberries, carrots, and celery. A third anaerobic method included the use of 0.5 cm mineral oil overlay on cultures containing Oxyrase for Broth at concentrations of 20 microL/mL. Recovery rates of strain 357 were significantly greater (p 0.05) between the GasPak and Oxyrase for Broth anaerobic methods occurred when mineral oil overlay was used with Oxyrase for Broth. The use of Oxyrase for Broth with a 0.5 cm mineral oil overlay is a practical alternative for anaerobic enrichment with the BAM method in the analysis of some produce types. Differences in recovery among the different produce types and methods occurred between S. sonnei strains 357 and 20143, emphasizing the need for additional S. sonnei strains in future evaluations. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Jacobson, Andrew P AU - Thunberg, Richard L AU - Johnson, Mildred L AU - Hammack, Thomas S AU - Andrews, Wallace H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Microbiological Studies, HFS-5 16, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD 20740, USA. andrew.jacobson@fda.hhs.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1115 EP - 1122 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Culture Media KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Vegetables -- microbiology KW - Anaerobiosis KW - Food Microbiology KW - Shigella sonnei -- isolation & purification KW - Shigella sonnei -- growth & development UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66986447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Alternative+anaerobic+enrichments+to+the+bacteriological+analytical+manual+culture+method+for+isolation+of+Shigella+sonnei+from+selected+types+of+fresh+produce.&rft.au=Jacobson%2C+Andrew+P%3BThunberg%2C+Richard+L%3BJohnson%2C+Mildred+L%3BHammack%2C+Thomas+S%3BAndrews%2C+Wallace+H&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and validation of a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry procedure for confirmation of para-toluenesulfonamide in edible fish fillet tissue. AN - 66985587; 15493666 AB - Chloramine-T is a disinfectant being developed as a treatment for bacterial gill disease in cultured fish. As part of the drug approval process, a method is required for the confirmation of chloramine-T residues in edible fish tissue. The marker residue that will be used to determine the depletion of chloramine-T residues from the edible tissue of treated fish is para-toluenesulfonamide (p-TSA), a metabolite of chloramine-T. The development and validation of a procedure for the confirmation of p-TSA is described. Homogenized fish tissue is dried by mixing with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the mixture is extracted with methylene chloride. The extract is passed through a silica gel solid-phase extraction column, from which p-TSA is subsequently eluted with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract is evaporated, and the oily residue is dissolved in hexane. The hexane solution is shaken with fresh acetonitrile. The acetonitrile solution is evaporated and the residue is redissolved in dilute potassium hydroxide solution. The aqueous solution is extracted with methylene chloride to further remove more of the fat co-extractive. The aqueous solution is reacted with pentafluorobenzyl bromide in presence of tetrabutylammonium hydrogensulfate. The resulting di-(pentafluorobenzyl) derivative of p-TSA is analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. This method permits the confirmation of p-TSA in edible fish tissue at 20 ppb. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Idowu, Olutosin R AU - Kijak, Philip J AU - Meinertz, Jeffery R AU - Schmidt, Larry J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. oidowu@cvm.fda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1098 EP - 1108 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Sulfonamides KW - 0 KW - Toluene KW - 3FPU23BG52 KW - 4-toluenesulfonamide KW - I8266RI90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Fishes KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Toluene -- analogs & derivatives KW - Sulfonamides -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Meat -- analysis KW - Toluene -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66985587?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Development+and+validation+of+a+gas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry+procedure+for+confirmation+of+para-toluenesulfonamide+in+edible+fish+fillet+tissue.&rft.au=Idowu%2C+Olutosin+R%3BKijak%2C+Philip+J%3BMeinertz%2C+Jeffery+R%3BSchmidt%2C+Larry+J&rft.aulast=Idowu&rft.aufirst=Olutosin&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1098&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multiresidue pesticide monitoring procedure using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring for the determination of pesticides containing nitrogen, sulfur, and/or oxygen in fruits and vegetables. AN - 66983696; 15493682 AB - A procedure for the analysis of over 100 pesticides that only contain combinations of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen (i.e., no phosphorous or halogen atoms) has been developed. The procedure employs gas chromatography with a mass selective detector (GC/MSD), electron impact ionization, and selected ion monitoring. This GC/MSD procedure provided lower limits of quantitation and increased confirmational data compared to the traditional element-selective GC procedures that are commonly used for the detection of this "class" of pesticides. These analytical improvements were demonstrated by 26 pesticides that were detected at ng/g levels in a variety of fruit and vegetable matrixes using this procedure; these pesticides were missed by the traditional element-selective GC procedures. Validation of the procedure was performed using acetone extraction with solid-phase extraction cleanup. Twenty representative target pesticides were used to demonstrate repeatability and linearity of the chromatographic response and recovery from fruit and vegetable matrixes. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Mercer, Gregory E AU - Hurlbut, Jeffrey A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Pacific Regional Laboratory Northwest, 22201 23rd Dr SE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA. gmercer@ora.fda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1224 EP - 1236 VL - 87 IS - 5 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Pesticide Residues KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Vegetables -- chemistry KW - Pesticide Residues -- analysis KW - Fruit -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66983696?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=A+multiresidue+pesticide+monitoring+procedure+using+gas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry+and+selected+ion+monitoring+for+the+determination+of+pesticides+containing+nitrogen%2C+sulfur%2C+and%2For+oxygen+in+fruits+and+vegetables.&rft.au=Mercer%2C+Gregory+E%3BHurlbut%2C+Jeffrey+A&rft.aulast=Mercer&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatitis B and hepatitis C seroprevalence and risk behaviour among community-recruited drug injectors in North West Wales. AN - 66962735; 15481216 AB - We estimated the prevalence of markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and injecting risk behaviour, among community-recruited injecting drug users (IDUs) in North West Wales in 2001 and 2002. Sample collection was undertaken by trained current and former IDUs. Oral fluid samples (n = 153) were tested as part of the Unlinked Anonymous Prevalence Monitoring Programme ongoing survey of IDUs. Approximately 12% of the sample reported that they were currently in a drug treatment programme. Of the 153 samples screened 27% (95% CI 20%-34%, 41/153) were anti-HBc positive, and 23% (95% CI 16%-30%, 35/153) were anti-HCV positive. Sixteen per cent (95% CI 10%-22%, 25/ 153) of the samples were positive for both anti-HBc and anti-HCV. Of the subjects 15% (95% CI 9%-20%) knew they had been vaccinated against hepatitis B. Direct sharing of needles and syringes in the 28 days prior to interview was reported by 44% (95% CI 35%-54%), and sharing of any equipment including that used for drug preparation prior to injection was reported by 66% (95% CI 57%-76%). In North West Wales, syringe sharing is a common practice, and a high proportion of IDUs have been exposed to bloodborne viruses. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage within this population appears to be low and needs to be increased. Further efforts are needed to improve the availability of clean injecting equipment. JF - Communicable disease and public health AU - Craine, N AU - Walker, A M AU - Williamson, S AU - Brown, A AU - Hope, V D AD - National Public Health Service for Wales Microbiology Bangor, Bangor. noel.craine@nphs.wales.nhs.uk Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 216 EP - 219 VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 1462-1843, 1462-1843 KW - Hepatitis B Antibodies KW - 0 KW - Hepatitis C Antibodies KW - Heroin KW - 70D95007SX KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk-Taking KW - Humans KW - Seroepidemiologic Studies KW - Adult KW - Wales -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis C Antibodies -- isolation & purification KW - Male KW - Hepatitis B Antibodies -- isolation & purification KW - Female KW - Hepatitis C -- transmission KW - Hepatitis C -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications KW - Hepatitis B -- transmission KW - Hepatitis B -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66962735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communicable+disease+and+public+health&rft.atitle=Hepatitis+B+and+hepatitis+C+seroprevalence+and+risk+behaviour+among+community-recruited+drug+injectors+in+North+West+Wales.&rft.au=Craine%2C+N%3BWalker%2C+A+M%3BWilliamson%2C+S%3BBrown%2C+A%3BHope%2C+V+D&rft.aulast=Craine&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communicable+disease+and+public+health&rft.issn=14621843&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Self-reported flight hours vs. company records for epidemiologic studies of flight attendants. AN - 66932262; 15460634 AB - Although there is increased interest in health effects studies of aircrew members, the differences between self-reported work history and company records, including effects on exposure assessment, are poorly characterized. We collected both self-reported work history and company records as part of a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health biomonitoring study of reproductive hormones in 45 female flight attendants. These two sources of work history information were compared to identify differences which might impact the assessment of work exposures. There appeared to be consistent overreporting of self-reported block time and number of flight segments compared with company record-based estimates. Overreporting in turn inflated the assessment of two important exposures: cosmic ionizing radiation estimated dose and time zones crossed. Factors including domicile, block hours per year of work, and length of employment affected the amount and direction of overreporting. Comparison to compensated credit hours, including nonflight hours, did not fully account for the overreporting. Self-report of block time may or may not include compensated nonflight hours, resulting in differences when compared to company records. Exposure bias is likely to result if the complexities of self-report are not considered when writing questionnaires. Aircrew members should be asked for additional occupational information, and a comparison of self-report block time to a sample of company records should be considered prior to exposure assessment and epidemiologic analysis. JF - Aviation, space, and environmental medicine AU - Grajewski, Barbara AU - Atkins, Debra J AU - Whelan, Elizabeth A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. bag2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 806 EP - 810 VL - 75 IS - 9 SN - 0095-6562, 0095-6562 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Health Physics KW - Reproduction -- radiation effects KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Mental Recall KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Female KW - Cosmic Radiation -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Aviation KW - Self Disclosure KW - Medical Records KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66932262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aviation%2C+space%2C+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Self-reported+flight+hours+vs.+company+records+for+epidemiologic+studies+of+flight+attendants.&rft.au=Grajewski%2C+Barbara%3BAtkins%2C+Debra+J%3BWhelan%2C+Elizabeth+A&rft.aulast=Grajewski&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Aviation%2C+space%2C+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=00956562&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - 1st International Conference on Microbiological Risk Assessment: foodborne hazards--what we heard. AN - 66922703; 15453604 JF - Journal of food protection AU - Buchanan, Robert L Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 2072 EP - 2074 VL - 67 IS - 9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Bioterrorism KW - Food Microbiology KW - Risk Assessment -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66922703?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=1st+International+Conference+on+Microbiological+Risk+Assessment%3A+foodborne+hazards--what+we+heard.&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+Robert+L&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2072&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Implications of chemical mixtures in public health practice. AN - 66880250; 15371239 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) is a federal public health agency that investigates and strives to prevent human health problems produced by exposure to toxic chemicals and their mixtures in the environment. Most human exposures involving toxic chemicals or mixtures are thought to originate from environmental and occupational sources; however, concurrent exposures are also likely from other sources, such as prescription and nonprescription drugs, indoor air pollutants, alcohol, and tobacco smoke. Thus, in evaluating the potential hazard following exposure to environmental mixtures, ATSDR not only considers the inherent joint toxicity of the mixture but also the influence of environmental, demographic, occupational, and lifestyle factors. To foster these goals, ATSDR has pursued a Mixtures Research and Assessment Program that consists of three component efforts: trend analysis, joint toxicity assessment, and experimental testing. Through trend analysis, ATSDR sets priorities for environmental mixtures of concern for which joint toxicity assessments are conducted as needed. If data are not available to conduct appropriate assessments, a research agenda is pursued through established extramural mechanisms. Ultimately, the data generated are used to support ATSDR's work at sites involving exposure to chemical mixtures. This pragmatic approach allows testable hypotheses or research needs to be identified and resolved and enhances our understanding of the mechanisms of joint toxicity. Several collaborative and cooperative efforts with national and international organizations such as the Toxicology and Nutrition Office, the Netherlands, and the Department of Energy are being pursued as part of these activities. ATSDR also develops guidance manuals to consistently and accurately apply current methodologies for the joint toxicity assessment of chemicals. Further, expert panels often are assembled to resolve outstanding scientific issues or obtain expert advice on pertinent issues. Recently, the need for studies on chemical mixtures has been proposed as one of the six priority areas the agency identified in its agenda for public health environmental research. This has been reinforced through the agency's close work with communities whose leaders have spoken passionately about their concern for information on exposures to chemical mixtures. The five other priority research areas the agency identified are exposure, susceptible populations, communities and tribal involvement, evaluation/surveillance of health effects, and health promotion/prevention. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part B, Critical reviews AU - de Rosa, C T AU - El-Masri, H A AU - Pohl, H AU - Cibulas, W AU - Mumtaz, M M AD - Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. cyd0@cdc.gov PY - 2004 SP - 339 EP - 350 VL - 7 IS - 5 SN - 1093-7404, 1093-7404 KW - Complex Mixtures KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Research -- organization & administration KW - Cooperative Behavior KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Interinstitutional Relations KW - Algorithms KW - Organizational Objectives KW - Needs Assessment KW - Risk Assessment KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Peer Review, Research KW - International Cooperation KW - Decision Trees KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Data Collection KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Registries KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Environmental Health KW - Public Health Practice KW - United States Public Health Service -- organization & administration KW - Complex Mixtures -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66880250?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.atitle=Implications+of+chemical+mixtures+in+public+health+practice.&rft.au=de+Rosa%2C+C+T%3BEl-Masri%2C+H+A%3BPohl%2C+H%3BCibulas%2C+W%3BMumtaz%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=de+Rosa&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=339&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+B%2C+Critical+reviews&rft.issn=10937404&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indoor allergens, asthma, and asthma-related symptoms among adolescents in Wuhan, China. AN - 66847804; 15350953 AB - Information on indoor allergen exposures among non-Western populations, which have lower prevalence of atopic illness, is scant. We examined whether exposures to common indoor allergens were associated with doctor-diagnosed asthma and asthma-related symptoms among Chinese adolescents. A cross-sectional study of 4,185 ninth grade students was conducted at 22 randomly selected schools in Wuhan, China. Information on respiratory health and exposures to indoor allergens was obtained by a self-administered questionnaire completed in class. Having animals currently was associated with persistent cough [prevalence odds ratio (POR)=1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI ): 1.21-2.11] and wheeze (POR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.03-1.94). Early-life exposure to animals was also associated with doctor-diagnosed asthma (POR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.35-2.82). Associations with respiratory symptoms strengthened with higher levels of exposure and for exposure in both early childhood and in adolescence. Exposure to cockroaches and having mold/water damage in the home contributed especially to wheezing (POR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.41-2.90 for cockroaches; POR=2.49, 95% CI: 1.82-3.40 for mold/water damage). Indoor allergen exposures were positively associated with asthma diagnosis and persistent respiratory symptoms among Chinese adolescents. Neither early-life nor current exposure to animals was protective for asthma or asthma-related symptoms. JF - Annals of epidemiology AU - Salo, Päivi M AU - Xia, Jiang AU - Johnson, C Anderson AU - Li, Yan AU - Avol, Edward L AU - Gong, Jie AU - London, Stephanie J AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Epidemiology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 543 EP - 550 VL - 14 IS - 8 SN - 1047-2797, 1047-2797 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - China -- epidemiology KW - Cats KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Dogs KW - Population KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Animals, Domestic -- immunology KW - Prevalence KW - Allergens -- immunology KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Allergens -- classification KW - Allergens -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66847804?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Indoor+allergens%2C+asthma%2C+and+asthma-related+symptoms+among+adolescents+in+Wuhan%2C+China.&rft.au=Salo%2C+P%C3%A4ivi+M%3BXia%2C+Jiang%3BJohnson%2C+C+Anderson%3BLi%2C+Yan%3BAvol%2C+Edward+L%3BGong%2C+Jie%3BLondon%2C+Stephanie+J&rft.aulast=Salo&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A4ivi&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=10472797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Epidemiol. 1990 Dec;132(6):1176-84 [2260550] Clin Exp Allergy. 1994 Apr;24(4):353-8 [8039021] Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Feb;3(1):7-14 [12582308] Am J Epidemiol. 2002 Nov 15;156(10):977-83 [12419771] Lancet. 2002 Sep 7;360(9335):781-2 [12241839] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Sep;110(9):961-7 [12204833] JAMA. 2002 Aug 28;288(8):963-72 [12190366] Clin Exp Allergy. 2002 Aug;32(8):1155-9 [12190651] Thorax. 1994 Dec;49(12):1205-10 [7878553] Clin Exp Allergy. 1997 May;27(5):540-5 [9179428] Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1997 Jun;78(6):544-54; quiz 555-6 [9207717] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997 Dec;100(6 Pt 1):S2-24 [9438476] Allergy. 1998 Feb;53(2):120-8 [9534909] Int J Epidemiol. 1998 Feb;27(1):41-8 [9563692] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 May;157(5 Pt 1):1536-41 [9603135] Clin Exp Allergy. 1998 Apr;28 Suppl 1:2-7; discussion 32-6 [9641582] Eur Respir J. 1998 Aug;12(2):315-35 [9727780] Clin Exp Allergy. 1998 Oct;28(10):1178-81 [9824383] Clin Exp Allergy. 1998 Oct;28(10):1191-200 [9824385] Clin Exp Allergy. 1999 Jan;29(1):28-34 [10051699] Thorax. 1999 Mar;54(3):268-72 [10325905] Thorax. 1999 Jan;54(1):27-32 [10343627] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jun;107 Suppl 3:473-80 [10423390] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jun;107 Suppl 3:481-3 [10423391] Lancet. 1999 Sep;354 Suppl 2:SII12-5 [10507253] Clin Exp Allergy. 2000 Feb;30(2):187-93 [10651770] Clin Exp Allergy. 2000 Feb;30(2):194-200 [10651771] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2000 Feb;105(2 Pt 2):S503-8 [10669532] Thorax. 2000 May;55(5):424-31 [10770825] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 May;161(5):1563-6 [10806155] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Sep;162(3 Pt 1):930-5 [10988108] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Sep;162(3 Pt 2):S128-33 [10988167] Clin Exp Allergy. 2000 Nov;30(11):1536-9 [11069560] Toxicology. 2000 Nov 2;152(1-3):47-52 [11090939] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Nov;108(11):1023-8 [11102291] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Mar;107(3):455-60 [11240945] Lancet. 2001 Mar 10;357(9258):752-6 [11253969] Thorax. 2001 May;56(5):406-11 [11312411] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Apr;163(5):1108-12 [11316644] Prev Med. 2001 May;32(5):437-45 [11330994] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 May;107(5):790-6 [11344344] Clin Exp Allergy. 2001 Apr;31(4):570-5 [11359424] Pediatrics. 2001 Jun;107(6):E98 [11389296] Thorax. 2001 Sep;56 Suppl 2:ii58-63 [11514708] Clin Exp Allergy. 2001 Aug;31(8):1225-31 [11529892] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Oct;108(4):509-15 [11590373] Lancet. 2001 Oct 6;358(9288):1129-33 [11597666] Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2001 Oct;87(4):296-302 [11686421] Clin Exp Allergy. 2001 Dec;31(12):1839-45 [11737034] Chest. 2002 Jan;121(1):6-8 [11796423] Clin Exp Allergy. 2002 Mar;32(3):361-6 [11940064] Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Oct;1(5):407-12 [11964720] Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002 Apr;2(2):133-9 [11964762] Epidemiology. 2002 May;13(3):288-95 [11964930] Clin Exp Allergy. 2002 May;32(5):714-20 [11994095] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002 May;109(5):784-8 [11994700] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatitis C infection and injection drug use: the role of hepatologists in evolving treatment efforts. AN - 66845810; 15349886 AB - Treatment regimens for both substance abuse and hepatitis C infection are complex and evolving. New pharmacotherapy for opioid addiction allows for office-based treatment and, thus, an opportunity for expanded treatment in the context of hepatitis C infection. The current article addresses the newly evolving, complex issues in the medical management of hepatitis C and injection drug use. Copyright 2004 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases JF - Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) AU - Kresina, Thomas F AU - Seeff, Leonard B AU - Francis, Henry AD - Center on AIDS and other Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. tk13v@nih.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 516 EP - 519 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0270-9139, 0270-9139 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Hepatitis C -- drug therapy KW - Hepatitis C -- etiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- therapy KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66845810?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hepatology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.%29&rft.atitle=Hepatitis+C+infection+and+injection+drug+use%3A+the+role+of+hepatologists+in+evolving+treatment+efforts.&rft.au=Kresina%2C+Thomas+F%3BSeeff%2C+Leonard+B%3BFrancis%2C+Henry&rft.aulast=Kresina&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=516&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Hepatology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.%29&rft.issn=02709139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Introduction of a temperature-sensitive phenotype into influenza A/WSN/33 virus by altering the basic amino acid domain of influenza virus matrix protein. AN - 66820392; 15331690 AB - Our previous studies with influenza A viruses indicated that the association of M1 with viral RNA and nucleoprotein (NP) is required for the efficient formation of helical ribonucleoprotein (RNP) and for the nuclear export of RNPs. RNA-binding domains of M1 map to the following two independent regions: a zinc finger motif at amino acid positions 148 to 162 and a series of basic amino acids (RKLKR) at amino acid positions 101 to 105. Altering the zinc finger motif of M1 reduces viral growth slightly. A substitution of Ser for Arg at either position 101 or position 105 of the RKLKR domain partially reduces the nuclear export of RNP and viral replication. To further understand the role of the zinc finger motif and the RKLKR domain in viral assembly and replication, we introduced multiple mutations by using reverse genetics to modify these regions of the M gene of influenza virus A/WSN/33. Of multiple mutants analyzed, a double mutant, R101S-R105S, of RKLKR resulted in a temperature-sensitive phenotype. The R101S-R105S double mutant had a greatly reduced ratio of M1 to NP in viral particles and a weaker binding of M1 to RNPs. These results suggest that mutations can be introduced into the RKLKR domain to control viral replication. JF - Journal of virology AU - Liu, Teresa AU - Ye, Zhiping AD - Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 9585 EP - 9591 VL - 78 IS - 18 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - M-protein, influenza virus KW - 0 KW - M1 protein, Influenza A virus KW - RNA, Viral KW - Ribonucleoproteins KW - Viral Matrix Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Active Transport, Cell Nucleus KW - Animals KW - Chick Embryo KW - Humans KW - Temperature KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Virus Replication -- physiology KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Phenotype KW - Virus Replication -- genetics KW - Transfection KW - Zinc Fingers -- genetics KW - Dogs KW - Ribonucleoproteins -- metabolism KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - RNA, Viral -- metabolism KW - Amino Acid Substitution KW - Cell Line KW - Influenza A virus -- physiology KW - Viral Matrix Proteins -- genetics KW - Influenza A virus -- genetics KW - Viral Matrix Proteins -- chemistry KW - Viral Matrix Proteins -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66820392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Introduction+of+a+temperature-sensitive+phenotype+into+influenza+A%2FWSN%2F33+virus+by+altering+the+basic+amino+acid+domain+of+influenza+virus+matrix+protein.&rft.au=Liu%2C+Teresa%3BYe%2C+Zhiping&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Teresa&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=9585&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Virol. 1987 Feb;61(2):239-46 [2433462] Annu Rev Biochem. 1983;52:467-506 [6351727] J Gen Virol. 1988 Aug;69 ( Pt 8):1859-72 [3404117] J Virol. 1989 Sep;63(9):3586-94 [2474671] Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Nov 11;17(21):8569-80 [2479906] Virology. 1991 Feb;180(2):617-24 [1989386] Cell. 1991 Feb 8;64(3):489-97 [1991319] Cell. 1991 Oct 4;67(1):117-30 [1913813] Cell. 1992 May 15;69(4):577-8 [1375129] J Virol. 1992 Oct;66(10):5815-24 [1527844] J Gen Virol. 1994 Jan;75 ( Pt 1):37-42 [8113738] J Virol. 1995 Jan;69(1):439-45 [7983740] J Virol. 1995 Mar;69(3):1964-70 [7853543] J Virol. 1996 Oct;70(10):6653-7 [8794300] J Virol. 1996 Dec;70(12):8391-401 [8970960] J Virol. 1996 Dec;70(12):8639-44 [8970989] J Gen Virol. 1995 Apr;76 ( Pt 4):1009-14 [9049350] Nat Struct Biol. 1997 Mar;4(3):239-44 [9164466] J Gen Virol. 1997 Jul;78 ( Pt 7):1589-96 [9225034] Virology. 1998 Jan 5;240(1):127-37 [9448697] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 May 12;95(10):5746-51 [9576955] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 3;96(16):9345-50 [10430945] J Virol. 1999 Sep;73(9):7467-73 [10438836] Cell. 1985 Mar;40(3):627-33 [3882238] J Virol. 2000 Feb;74(4):1781-6 [10644350] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 May 23;97(11):6108-13 [10801978] Virology. 2001 Mar 1;281(1):102-8 [11222100] Virology. 2001 Sep 1;287(2):405-16 [11531417] J Virol. 2002 Dec;76(24):13055-61 [12438632] Virology. 2002 Dec 5;304(1):89-96 [12490406] Virology. 1972 Jan;47(1):181-96 [4110126] J Virol. 1980 Nov;36(2):470-9 [7431487] J Virol. 1980 Nov;36(2):586-90 [7431489] Virology. 1980 Dec;107(2):548-51 [6256950] Cell. 1981 Nov;26(3 Pt 1):391-400 [7326745] J Gen Virol. 1982 Apr;59(Pt 2):403-8 [7077304] Virology. 1982 Apr 30;118(2):466-70 [7090187] J Virol. 1982 Dec;44(3):871-6 [7176019] Virology. 1988 Jun;164(2):562-6 [3369093] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symptom onset in the first 2 years of employment at a wood products plant using diisocyanates: some observations relevant to occupational medical screening. AN - 66782694; 15307121 AB - Questionnaires are essential tools for medical screening, but their role in monitoring workers at increased risk of occupational asthma (OA) remains indeterminate. Employees who were at a newly established wood products plant without previous exposure to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) completed an initial questionnaire and from one to four follow-up questionnaires during a 2-year period. Onset of symptoms in 132 workers was assessed by exposure groups and modeled using generalized estimating equations. Onset of attacks of dyspnea with wheeze, attacks of dyspnea or cough at rest, and chest tightness were significantly associated with MDI exposure after controlling for age, smoking, and wood dust exposure. Onset of cough on most days was significantly related to smoking and dust. Onset of phlegm production was significantly related to both MDI and dust exposure. Onset of certain symptoms is significantly associated with MDI exposure. Early detection of MDI-associated health effects using a short screening questionnaire appears feasible. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Wang, Mei-Lin AU - Petsonk, Edward L AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. mlw4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 226 EP - 233 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Isocyanates KW - 0 KW - 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate KW - 101-68-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Employment KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Mass Screening KW - Isocyanates -- toxicity KW - Wood KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66782694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Symptom+onset+in+the+first+2+years+of+employment+at+a+wood+products+plant+using+diisocyanates%3A+some+observations+relevant+to+occupational+medical+screening.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Mei-Lin%3BPetsonk%2C+Edward+L&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Mei-Lin&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of data limitations when modeling fatal occupational injury rates. AN - 66781426; 15307126 AB - Occupational fatal injury rate studies are often based upon uncertain and variable data. The numerator in rate calculations is often obtained from surveillance systems that can understate the true number of deaths. Worker-years, the denominator in many occupational rate calculations, are frequently estimated from sources that exhibit different amounts of variability. Effects of these data limitations on analyses of trends in occupational fatal injuries were studied using computer simulation. Fatality counts were generated assuming an undercount. Employment estimates were produced using two different strategies, reflecting either frequent but variable measurements or infrequent, precise estimates with interpolated estimates for intervening years. Poisson regression models were fit to the generated data. A range of empirically motivated fatality rate and employment parameters were studied. Undercounting fatalities resulted in biased estimation of the intercept in the Poisson regression model. Relative bias in the trend estimate was near zero for most situations, but increased when a change in fatality undercounting over time was present. Biases for both the intercept and trend were larger when small employment populations were present. Denominator options resulted in similar rate and trend estimates, except where the interpolated method did not capture true trends in employment. Data quality issues such as consistency of conditions throughout the study period and the size of population being studied affect the size of the bias in parameter estimation. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Bena, James F AU - Bailer, A John AU - Loomis, Dana AU - Richardson, David AU - Marshall, Steve AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 44195, USA. jbena@bio.ri.ccf.org Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 271 EP - 283 VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Employment -- statistics & numerical data KW - Uncertainty KW - Humans KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Cause of Death KW - Risk Assessment KW - Population Surveillance KW - Computer Simulation KW - Epidemiologic Methods KW - Models, Statistical KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66781426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Effects+of+data+limitations+when+modeling+fatal+occupational+injury+rates.&rft.au=Bena%2C+James+F%3BBailer%2C+A+John%3BLoomis%2C+Dana%3BRichardson%2C+David%3BMarshall%2C+Steve&rft.aulast=Bena&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Child Development and Behavior Branch. Report to the NACHHD Council. AN - 62126208; ED484413 AB - The Child Development and Behavior Branch (CDBB), within the Center for Research for Mothers and Children, has grown in the past four years from supporting five programs to supporting seven, with a concomitant increase in the number of grants of more than 50 percent, and a corresponding increase of more than 87 percent in overall funding. During this time, the CDBB has continued to fund high-quality research on all aspects of child development and human behavior, to vigorously identify gaps in research knowledge, and to develop new initiatives to close these gaps. This report describes how the Branch goes about identifying and addressing gaps and the areas of science managed within each program and provides an overview of major initiatives accomplished or under way. The CDBB continues to emphasize interdisciplinary research, both in the design and implementation of studies, and in training the next generation of developmental scientists. Moreover, the Branch strives to increase research support for new and innovative methodologies to measure the development of complex cognitive, linguistic, social, perceptual, biological, genetic, environmental, and educational variables relevant to human maturation across the life span. The following are appended: (1) Branch Solicitations; (2) Branch Publications; and (3) Branch Personnel. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - September 2004 SP - 58 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Behavior Development KW - Social Influences KW - Family Environment KW - Learning Disabilities KW - Research Projects KW - Biological Influences KW - Cognitive Psychology KW - Child Development KW - Language Minorities KW - Family Literacy KW - School Readiness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62126208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aeric&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Child+Development+and+Behavior+Branch.+Report+to+the+NACHHD+Council.&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Opinion: Translation of pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics: a regulatory perspective AN - 21334463; 11937992 AB - Pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics provide methodologies that can lead to DNA-based tests to improve drug selection, identify optimal dosing, maximize drug efficacy or minimize the risk of toxicity. Rapid advances in basic research have identified many opportunities for the development of 'personalized' treatments for individuals and/or subsets of patients defined by genetic and/or genomic tests. However, the integration of these tests into routine clinical practice remains a major multidisciplinary challenge, and even for well-established biomarkers there has been little progress. Here, we consider this challenge from a regulatory perspective, highlighting recent initiatives from the FDA that aim to facilitate the integration of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics into drug development and clinical practice. JF - Nature Reviews: Drug Discovery AU - Lesko, Lawrence J AU - Woodcock, Janet AD - Lawrence J. Lesko is Director of the Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 763 EP - 769 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building London N1 9XW UK VL - 3 IS - 9 SN - 1474-1776, 1474-1776 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Integration KW - Translation KW - pharmacogenomics KW - Reviews KW - Drug development KW - Toxicity KW - genomics KW - Drugs KW - biomarkers KW - Pharmacogenetics KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21334463?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews%3A+Drug+Discovery&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+Translation+of+pharmacogenomics+and+pharmacogenetics%3A+a+regulatory+perspective&rft.au=Lesko%2C+Lawrence+J%3BWoodcock%2C+Janet&rft.aulast=Lesko&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Reviews%3A+Drug+Discovery&rft.issn=14741776&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnrd1499 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Translation; Integration; pharmacogenomics; Reviews; Drug development; genomics; Toxicity; biomarkers; Drugs; Pharmacogenetics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd1499 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The correlation between clinical and echocardiographic outcome with presence of the HLA antibodies in cellular and decellularized cryopreserved human heart valve allografts AN - 21273104; 6135999 JF - Human Immunology AU - Contini-Duarte, D AU - Kneib, C AU - Omairi, K AU - Vieira, IN AU - Paladino, V S AU - Costa, MA AU - Ferreira, S M AU - Mendonca, JGR AU - Costa, M B AU - Colatusso, C AU - Lopes, SAV AU - Dohmen, P AU - Kornetz, W AU - Costa, FDA AU - Von Glehn, CQC Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 65 IS - 9-10 SN - 0198-8859, 0198-8859 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Histocompatibility antigen HLA KW - Antibodies KW - Heart transplantation KW - Cryopreservation KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21273104?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Immunology&rft.atitle=The+correlation+between+clinical+and+echocardiographic+outcome+with+presence+of+the+HLA+antibodies+in+cellular+and+decellularized+cryopreserved+human+heart+valve+allografts&rft.au=Contini-Duarte%2C+D%3BKneib%2C+C%3BOmairi%2C+K%3BVieira%2C+IN%3BPaladino%2C+V+S%3BCosta%2C+MA%3BFerreira%2C+S+M%3BMendonca%2C+JGR%3BCosta%2C+M+B%3BColatusso%2C+C%3BLopes%2C+SAV%3BDohmen%2C+P%3BKornetz%2C+W%3BCosta%2C+FDA%3BVon+Glehn%2C+CQC&rft.aulast=Contini-Duarte&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=9-10&rft.spage=S43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Immunology&rft.issn=01988859&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.humimm.2004.07.077 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Histocompatibility antigen HLA; Antibodies; Heart transplantation; Cryopreservation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2004.07.077 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Eating Disorder or Disordered Eating? Non-normative Eating Patterns in Obese Individuals AN - 19413015; 6042996 AB - Binge eating disorder (BED) and night eating syndrome (NES) are putative eating disorders frequently seen in obese individuals. Data suggest that BED fulfills criteria for a mental disorder. Criteria for NES are evolving but at present do not require distress or functional impairment. It remains unclear whether BED and NES, as they are currently defined, are optimally useful for characterizing distinct patient subgroups. We propose that a distinction be made between "eating disorders" and "non-normative" eating patterns without associated distress or impairment. Although non-normative eating patterns may not be considered mental disorders, they may be very important in terms of their impact on body weight and health. More precise behavioral and metabolic characterization of subgroups with eating disorders and non-normative eating behaviors has important implications for understanding the etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of obesity. Ultimately, better understanding of the many pathways to increased energy intake may lead to targeted strategies for prevention of overweight and obesity in at-risk individuals and populations. JF - Obesity Research AU - Tanofsky-Kraff, Marian AU - Yanovski, Susan Z AD - Unit on Growth and Obesity, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and. Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 1361 EP - 1366 PB - North American Association for the Study of Obesity, 1090 Amsterdam Ave., Ste. 14K New York NY 10025 USA, [mailto:helener@mindspring.com], [URL:http://www.naaso.org] VL - 12 IS - 9 SN - 1071-7323, 1071-7323 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Obesity KW - Eating disorders KW - Preventive health KW - Strategy KW - Diet (weight control) KW - Patients KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19413015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obesity+Research&rft.atitle=Eating+Disorder+or+Disordered+Eating%3F+Non-normative+Eating+Patterns+in+Obese+Individuals&rft.au=Tanofsky-Kraff%2C+Marian%3BYanovski%2C+Susan+Z&rft.aulast=Tanofsky-Kraff&rft.aufirst=Marian&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Obesity+Research&rft.issn=10717323&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2007-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Obesity; Preventive health; Eating disorders; Strategy; Diet (weight control); Patients ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Effects of Ventilation and Preburn Time on Water Mist Extinguishing of Diesel Fuel Pool Fires AN - 18049799; 6028190 AB - The goal of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Pittsburgh Research Laboratory Fire Fighting and Prevention Program is to reduce the number of fires and fire-related injuries in the mining industry. As part of this effort, water mist is being evaluated for the suppression of underground mine fires, such as fires in diesel fuel storage areas. In this study a series of large-scale fire tests was conducted to investigate the effects of ventilation and preburn time on water mist extinguishing of three diesel fuel pool fires with heat release rates of 230 kW, 1, and 3 MW. The experiments were conducted in a simulated underground coal mine diesel fuel storage area under three ventilation conditions: no ventilation, natural ventilation, and forced ventilation and with two preburn times for the no ventilation condition: 30 s and 1 min. Without ventilation the 230 kW fire was the most difficult to extinguish; with natural ventilation the 1 MW fire took the longest time to extinguish; and with forced ventilation the 3 MW fire was the most challenging one. With the 30-s preburn time, the extinguishing time was nearly the same for the 230 kW fire as with the 1-min preburn time, while it increased for both 1 and 3 MW fires, with the 1 MW fire being the most difficult to extinguish. The extinguishing mechanisms including fuel surface cooling, flame cooling, and oxygen depletion and displacement are discussed. The critical water flow rate is estimated for the fires extinguished by the surface cooling mechanism. JF - Journal of Fire Sciences AU - Yuan, Liming AU - Lazzara, C P AD - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, P.O. Box 18070, Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, lcy6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 379 EP - 404 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0734-9041, 0734-9041 KW - water mists KW - surface cooling KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - Ventilation KW - Mists KW - Flow rates KW - Oxygen depletion KW - Flammability KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18049799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Fire+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+Effects+of+Ventilation+and+Preburn+Time+on+Water+Mist+Extinguishing+of+Diesel+Fuel+Pool+Fires&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Liming%3BLazzara%2C+C+P&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Liming&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Fire+Sciences&rft.issn=07349041&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0734904104042438 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Ventilation; Flammability; Mists; Flow rates; Oxygen depletion DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904104042438 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Potential Sources of Arsenic Exposure During Scrapyard Work at a Former Uranium Enrichment Facility AN - 18031228; 6020047 JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Methner, M M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - D96 EP - D100 VL - 1 IS - 9 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - scrapyards KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Arsenic KW - Heavy metals KW - Uranium KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18031228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Potential+Sources+of+Arsenic+Exposure+During+Scrapyard+Work+at+a+Former+Uranium+Enrichment+Facility&rft.au=Methner%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Methner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=D96&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490484621 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenic; Occupational exposure; Heavy metals; Uranium DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490484621 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the Durability of Medical Examination Gloves AN - 18028672; 6020053 AB - This study determined the durability of various types of medical examination gloves using a laboratory test developed by the researchers. Results of this testing are compared with a simulated clinical method, also developed by the researchers, found to produce failures at rates similar to actual clinical use. Ten types of exam gloves were tested. One set of gloves was tested using a glove durability method. A second set was worn and conditioned using a simulated clinical method for comparison. The third set consisted of a control set of gloves that were not stressed. Samples consisted of 100 gloves combined from 2 or 4 manufacturers. All gloves were water-leak tested as the last step. The glove durability method created failures at similar rates to the simulated clinical method. The majority of the defects were located in the finger regions of the gloves. Durability of powdered and powder-free vinyl gloves was inferior to that of other glove types tested, with failure rates ranging from 24% to 42%, compared with 3% to 17% for the other glove types tested. Glove durability was also affected by the powdered state of the gloves and the user having long fingernails. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Kerr, L N AU - Chaput, M P AU - Cash, L D AU - O'Malley, L G AU - Sarhrani, E M AU - Teixeira, J C AU - Boivin, W S AU - Mailhot, SA AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center, 109 Holton Street, Winchester, MA 01890, USA, lesley.kerr@fda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 607 EP - 612 VL - 1 IS - 9 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Protective clothing KW - Materials testing KW - Laboratory testing KW - Gloves KW - Medical personnel KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18028672?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+Durability+of+Medical+Examination+Gloves&rft.au=Kerr%2C+L+N%3BChaput%2C+M+P%3BCash%2C+L+D%3BO%27Malley%2C+L+G%3BSarhrani%2C+E+M%3BTeixeira%2C+J+C%3BBoivin%2C+W+S%3BMailhot%2C+SA&rft.aulast=Kerr&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=607&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490491803 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Protective clothing; Gloves; Materials testing; Laboratory testing; Medical personnel DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490491803 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An initial farmer evaluation of a NIOSH AutoROPS prototype AN - 18028537; 5977511 AB - This evaluation study is a part of the NIOSH safety engineering research program on developing new types of rollover protective structures (ROPS) for farm tractors. Each year hundreds of people die as a result of agricultural tractor rollovers. The use of rollover protective structures (ROPS), along with seat belts, is the best-known method for reducing the frequency of these fatalities. One impediment to ROPS use, however, is low clearance situations, such as orchards and animal confinement buildings. Adjustable ROPS have been developed by the agricultural equipment industry to address the issue of low clearance situations. If these adjustable ROPS are used properly, they are quite effective systems. The problem is that they require the operator to take an active role in making sure the ROPS is properly adjusted when not in a low clearance situation; a task some operators may not consistently perform. To address the need for ROPS that are easily adapted to low clearance situations, NIOSH researchers have developed an automatically deploying, telescoping ROPS (AutoROPS). The objective of this study was to get an initial measurement of the usability of the NIOSH AutoROPS among tractor operators who would be probable users of this new technology. The study was not intended to evaluate all of the factors in the use of the AutoROPS. This study only examines whether farmers had an initial positive interest in this new concept for preventing tractor rollover-related fatalities. The procedure for comparing the AutoROPS prototype with a foldable ROPS was of a general nature. What was being sought were general opinions about the concept. A cost comparison was not a factor in this study. However, cost-effectiveness is an important criterion in the NIOSH design. The farmer group was of the opinion that the AutoROPS deployment is more effective than the manual ROPS alternative (p<0.0001) and that the protection effectiveness provided by AutoROPS will be superior to the protection provided by manual ROPS (p<0.01). Of great prevention importance was the increase in interest in purchasing a tractor with an AutoROPS compared to purchasing a tractor with manual ROPS (p<0.0001). This result indicates that this new technology may successfully achieve wide use on the farm. Farmer opinions indicate the need for further design work to improve seating restraint and the method for lowering the structure. Based on the results of this study, NIOSH will be able to make recommendations to companies interested in developing and manufacturing an AutoROPS for the farm workplace. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Etherton, J AU - McKenzie, EA Jr AU - Lutz, T AU - Cantis, D AU - Kau, T-Y AD - Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown WV 26505-2888, USA, jrel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 155 EP - 165 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - tractors KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Protective equipment KW - Accidents KW - safety engineering KW - rollover KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18028537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.atitle=An+initial+farmer+evaluation+of+a+NIOSH+AutoROPS+prototype&rft.au=Etherton%2C+J%3BMcKenzie%2C+EA+Jr%3BLutz%2C+T%3BCantis%2C+D%3BKau%2C+T-Y&rft.aulast=Etherton&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Industrial+Ergonomics&rft.issn=01698141&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ergon.2004.03.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Accidents; Mortality; Agriculture; Motor vehicles; Occupational exposure; Injuries; Protective equipment; safety engineering; rollover DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2004.03.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Subassemblies of Pertussis Toxin Subunits In Vivo and Their Interaction with the Ptl Transport Apparatus AN - 18019652; 5992132 AB - Pertussis toxin (PT) has an AB sub(5) structure that is typical of many bacterial protein toxins; however, this toxin is more complex than many toxins since it is composed of five different subunit types, subunits S1 to S5. Little is known about how PT assembles in vivo and how and when it interacts with its secretion apparatus, known as the Ptl transporter. In order to better understand these events, we expressed subsets of the genes encoding the S1, S2, and/or S4 subunits of PT in strains of Bordetella pertussis that either did or did not produce the Ptl proteins. We found evidence to suggest that certain subassemblies of the toxin, including subassemblies consisting of the S1 subunit and incomplete forms of the B oligomer, can form in vivo, at least transiently. These results suggest that the B oligomer of the toxin does not need to completely form before interactions between the S1 subunit and B-oligomer subunits can occur in vivo. All subassemblies localized primarily to the membrane fraction of the cell. Moreover, we found that Ptl-mediated secretion occurs in a strain that produces S1 and an incomplete complement of B-oligomer subunits. These results indicate that subassemblies of the toxin consisting of the S1 subunit and a partial B oligomer can interact with the Ptl system. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Burns, Drusilla L AU - Fiddner, Stefanie AU - Cheung, Anissa M AU - Verma, Anita AD - Laboratory of Respiratory and Special Pathogens, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 5365 EP - 5372 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 72 IS - 9 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Pertussis KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - Assembly KW - Subunits KW - pertussis toxin KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18019652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Subassemblies+of+Pertussis+Toxin+Subunits+In+Vivo+and+Their+Interaction+with+the+Ptl+Transport+Apparatus&rft.au=Burns%2C+Drusilla+L%3BFiddner%2C+Stefanie%3BCheung%2C+Anissa+M%3BVerma%2C+Anita&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Drusilla&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=5365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; pertussis toxin; Pertussis; Subunits; Assembly ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Isolation of an Integron-Borne bla sub(VIM-4) Type Metallo- beta -Lactamase Gene from a Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolate in Hungary AN - 18018243; 5991147 AB - The first integron-borne metallo- beta -lactamase gene was isolated in Hungary. The bla sub(VIM-4) gene is located on a class 1 integron that also carries a novel bla sub(OXA)-like gene. The integron is harbored by a serotype O12 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain and shows high structural similarity to integrons isolated in Greece and Poland. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Libisch, Balazs AU - Gacs, Maria AU - Csiszar, Karoly AU - Muzslay, Monika AU - Rokusz, Laszlo AU - Fuezi, Miklos AD - Department of Bacteriology, National Center for Epidemiology. Department of Internal Medicine, Central Military Hospital, Budapest. Laboratory of Bacteriology, Nograd County Institute of the National Public Health Service, Salgotarjan, Hungary Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 3576 EP - 3578 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 48 IS - 9 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clinical isolates KW - Serotypes KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa KW - ^b-Lactamase KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18018243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Isolation+of+an+Integron-Borne+bla+sub%28VIM-4%29+Type+Metallo-+beta+-Lactamase+Gene+from+a+Carbapenem-Resistant+Pseudomonas+aeruginosa+Clinical+Isolate+in+Hungary&rft.au=Libisch%2C+Balazs%3BGacs%2C+Maria%3BCsiszar%2C+Karoly%3BMuzslay%2C+Monika%3BRokusz%2C+Laszlo%3BFuezi%2C+Miklos&rft.aulast=Libisch&rft.aufirst=Balazs&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3576&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pseudomonas aeruginosa; ^b-Lactamase; Antimicrobial agents; Clinical isolates; Serotypes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Validation of an anti-PA-ELISA for the potency testing of anthrax vaccine in mice AN - 17829032; 6158555 AB - The potency test for the anthrax vaccine currently licensed for human use in the United States (Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed) involves the protection of actively immunized guinea pigs from a lethal challenge with a virulent strain of Bacillus anthracis. Lethal challenge tests entail the use of specialized containment facilities for the safe and secure handling of the challenge strain. This potential difficulty, plus humane considerations, have prompted us to investigate non-lethal, alternative immunogenicity assays that could be considered as potency tests not only for the current vaccine, but also for vaccines under development. Immunogenicity tests will require suitable measurement of an antibody response to relevant antigens, by methods such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or a toxin neutralization assay. Any assay chosen for this purpose should be adequately validated and reproducible by other laboratories. Validation of an analytical procedure requires the demonstration that the assay is suitable for its intended purpose. The objective of this work was to study the performance of an anti-PA-ELISA designed to assess the antibody response to anthrax vaccines in mice. Validation studies were performed according to the guidelines of the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH), and we have established the working range of the assay (37-1159EU/mL) on the bases of the following parameters: linearity (20-1159EU/mL; r super(2)=0.99; p-value=0.21), accuracy (91-118% recovery), precision ( approximately equal to 20%CV, repeatability; approximately equal to 9 and approximately equal to 21%CV, intermediate precision per day and per analyst, respectively), detection limit (5EU/mL), and quantification limit (37EU/mL). We believe that assay specificity and the above characteristics are adequate to allow this ELISA to be considered for use in a mouse immunogenicity (potency) test of anthrax vaccines, and for the standardization of reagents. JF - Biologicals AU - Pombo, M AU - Berthold, I AU - Gingrich, E AU - Jaramillo, M AU - Leef, M AU - Sirota, L AU - Hsu, H AU - Arciniega, J AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, US FDA, U.S.A., arciniega@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 157 EP - 163 VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 1045-1056, 1045-1056 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Antibody response KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Toxins KW - Immunosorbents KW - Immunogenicity KW - Anthrax KW - Vaccines KW - W3 33365:Vaccines (other) KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - W3 33240:Immunology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17829032?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biologicals&rft.atitle=Validation+of+an+anti-PA-ELISA+for+the+potency+testing+of+anthrax+vaccine+in+mice&rft.au=Pombo%2C+M%3BBerthold%2C+I%3BGingrich%2C+E%3BJaramillo%2C+M%3BLeef%2C+M%3BSirota%2C+L%3BHsu%2C+H%3BArciniega%2C+J&rft.aulast=Pombo&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=157&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biologicals&rft.issn=10451056&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.biologicals.2004.03.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus anthracis; Vaccines; Anthrax; Immunogenicity; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Antibody response; Immunosorbents; Toxins DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biologicals.2004.03.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Long-Term Interferon- gamma Therapy for Patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease AN - 17791419; 6056715 AB - Background. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare disorder of phagocytes in which absent production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in phagocytes predisposes patients to bacterial and fungal infections. Infections are dramatically reduced by prophylaxis with antibiotics, antifungals, and interferon- gamma (IFN- gamma ). Methods. Seventy-six patients with CGD were enrolled in an uncontrolled, open-label follow-up study to assess the long-term clinical safety and efficacy of IFN- gamma therapy. Patients received IFN- gamma subcutaneously 3 times per week. Results. We observed patients for up to 9 years, for a total observation period of 328.4 patient-years. The incidence of serious infections was 0.30 infections per patient-year; for serious bacterial infections, the incidence was 0.18 cases per patient-year, and for serious fungal infections, it was 0.12 cases per patient-year. Thirty-seven percent of patients reported an adverse event, the most common of which was fever. Twenty-six patients withdrew from the study (3 because of adverse events, 15 because of patient preference, and 8 because of transfer to another trial). There were no life-threatening IFN- gamma -related adverse events and no discernible effects on growth. The overall mortality rate was 1.5% per patient-year. Conclusion. IFN- gamma prophylaxis for CGD appears to be effective and well tolerated over a prolonged period of time. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Marciano, B E AU - Wesley, R AU - De Carlo, ES AU - Anderson, V L AU - Barnhart, LA AU - Darnell, D AU - Malech, H L AU - Gallin, JI AU - Holland, S M AD - Laboratories of Host Defenses and Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2004/09/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Sep 01 SP - 692 EP - 699 VL - 39 IS - 5 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Fever KW - Mortality KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Phagocytes KW - ^g-Interferon KW - Superoxide KW - Chronic infection KW - Prophylaxis KW - Antibiotics KW - Chronic granulomatous disease KW - Clinical trials KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17791419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Long-Term+Interferon-+gamma+Therapy+for+Patients+with+Chronic+Granulomatous+Disease&rft.au=Marciano%2C+B+E%3BWesley%2C+R%3BDe+Carlo%2C+ES%3BAnderson%2C+V+L%3BBarnhart%2C+LA%3BDarnell%2C+D%3BMalech%2C+H+L%3BGallin%2C+JI%3BHolland%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Marciano&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=692&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ^g-Interferon; Chronic granulomatous disease; Phagocytes; Prophylaxis; Fever; Hydrogen peroxide; Superoxide; Mortality; Chronic infection; Antibiotics; Clinical trials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Initiating and Managing Risk Assessments Within a Risk Analysis Framework: FDA/CFSAN's Practical Approach AN - 17779667; 6120062 AB - Management of risk analysis involves the integration and coordination of activities associated with risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication. Risk analysis is used to guide regulatory decision making, including trade decisions at national and international levels. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) formed a working group to evaluate and improve the quality and consistency of major risk assessments conducted by the Center. Drawing on risk analysis experiences, CFSAN developed a practical framework for initiating and managing risk assessments, including addressing issues related to (i) commissioning a risk assessment, (ii) interactions between risk managers and risk assessors, and (iii) peer review. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Buchanan, Robert L AU - Dennis, Sherri AU - Miliotis, Marianne AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-06, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway 2B64, College Park, Maryland 20740- 3835, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 2058 EP - 2062 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - International trade KW - decision making KW - Food contamination KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - FDA KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17779667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Initiating+and+Managing+Risk+Assessments+Within+a+Risk+Analysis+Framework%3A+FDA%2FCFSAN%27s+Practical+Approach&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+Robert+L%3BDennis%2C+Sherri%3BMiliotis%2C+Marianne&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2058&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Reviews; International trade; Food contamination; decision making; FDA; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial Resistance Risk Assessment in Food Safety AN - 17779467; 6120046 AB - Microbiological risk assessments generally focus on estimating adverse human health risks from exposures to human pathogenic microbes. The assessment of potential human health risks posed by pathogens that have acquired resistance to antimicrobial drugs is a new application of risk assessment that is closely related to microbiological risk assessment. Antimicrobial resistance risk assessment is a risk analytical process that focuses on resistance determinants as hazardous agents that might lead to drug-resistant microbial infections in humans exposed to bacteria carrying the determinants. Antimicrobial-resistant infections could occur directly from actively invading or opportunistic pathogens or indirectly from the transfer of resistance genes to other bacteria. Here, we discuss risk assessment models that might be employed to estimate risks from drug-resistant bacteria in the animal food pathway and the types of models and data that may be used for microbiological risk assessments or antimicrobial resistance risk assessments. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Claycamp, HGregg AU - Hooberman, Barry H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, 7519 Standish Place, HFV 102, Rockville, Maryland 20855, USA Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 2063 EP - 2071 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 67 IS - 9 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Drug resistance KW - Animal models KW - Food-borne diseases KW - antimicrobial resistance KW - drug resistance KW - Antimicrobial resistance KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17779467?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+Resistance+Risk+Assessment+in+Food+Safety&rft.au=Claycamp%2C+HGregg%3BHooberman%2C+Barry+H&rft.aulast=Claycamp&rft.aufirst=HGregg&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=2063&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; drug resistance; antimicrobial resistance; Food-borne diseases; Drug resistance; Antimicrobial resistance; Animal models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Marijuana and cannabinoid regulation of brain reward circuits AN - 17708393; 6089852 AB - The reward circuitry of the brain consists of neurons that synaptically connect a wide variety of nuclei. Of these brain regions, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) play central roles in the processing of rewarding environmental stimuli and in drug addiction. The psychoactive properties of marijuana are mediated by the active constituent, Delta super(9)-THC, interacting primarily with CB1 cannabinoid receptors in a large number of brain areas. However, it is the activation of these receptors located within the central brain reward circuits that is thought to play an important role in sustaining the self-administration of marijuana in humans, and in mediating the anxiolytic and pleasurable effects of the drug. Here we describe the cellular circuitry of the VTA and the NAc, define the sites within these areas at which cannabinoids alter synaptic processes, and discuss the relevance of these actions to the regulation of reinforcement and reward. In addition, we compare the effects of Delta super(9)-THC with those of other commonly abused drugs on these reward circuits, and we discuss the roles that endogenous cannabinoids may play within these brain pathways, and their possible involvement in regulating ongoing brain function, independently of marijuana consumption. We conclude that, whereas Delta super(9)-THC alters the activity of these central reward pathways in a manner that is consistent with other abused drugs, the cellular mechanism through which this occurs is likely different, relying upon the combined regulation of several afferent pathways to the VTA. JF - British Journal of Pharmacology AU - Lupica, C R AU - Riegel, A C AU - Hoffman, A F AD - Neurophysiology Section, Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, clupica@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 227 EP - 234 VL - 143 IS - 2 SN - 0007-1188, 0007-1188 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Drug abuse KW - Anxiolytics KW - Environmental effects KW - Reinforcement KW - Cannabis KW - Self-administration KW - Cannabinoid CB1 receptors KW - Drug addiction KW - Nucleus accumbens KW - ventral tegmentum KW - Tetrahydrocannabinol KW - Reviews KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse KW - N3 11139:Toxicological and psychoactive drug correlates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17708393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Journal+of+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Marijuana+and+cannabinoid+regulation+of+brain+reward+circuits&rft.au=Lupica%2C+C+R%3BRiegel%2C+A+C%3BHoffman%2C+A+F&rft.aulast=Lupica&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=British+Journal+of+Pharmacology&rft.issn=00071188&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.bjp.0705931 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cannabis; Reinforcement; Tetrahydrocannabinol; Drug abuse; Drug addiction; Anxiolytics; Nucleus accumbens; ventral tegmentum; Self-administration; Environmental effects; Cannabinoid CB1 receptors; Reviews DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0705931 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Absolute Myocardial Perfusion in Canines Measured by Using Dual-Bolus First- Pass MR Imaging AN - 17688168; 6002801 AB - PURPOSE: To compare fluorescent microsphere measurements of myocardial blood flow (MBF) with qualitative, semiquantitative, and fully quantitative measurements of first-pass perfusion at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Coronary artery occlusion or intracoronary adenosine infusion was successfully performed in 16 beagles; both procedures were performed simultaneously in one animal. MBF was assessed at microsphere analysis. First-pass myocardial perfusion MR imaging was performed during a dual-bolus administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine (0.0025 mmol/kg followed by 0.10 mmol/kg). The absolute myocardial perfusion at MR imaging was calculated by using Fermi function deconvolution methods. Qualitative, semiquantitative, and absolute myocardial perfusion MR imaging measurements were compared with microsphere MBF measurements by using paired t tests, linear correlation, and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: Fully quantitative (ie, absolute) analysis of MBF at MR imaging correlated with microsphere MBF measurement (r = 0.95, P 5.0 mL/min/g). Similar close correlations were observed in endocardial and epicardial segments (representing approximately 0.85 g of the myocardium). With modest increases in MBF, qualitative measurements plateaued in the hyperemic zones. Semiquantitative measurements did not correlate with MBF as well (r = 0.69-0.89); they plateaued around 3.0 mL/min/g. CONCLUSION: Dual-bolus MR imaging enabled accurate measurement of absolute epicardial and endocardial perfusion across a wide range of blood flow rates (0 to >5.0 mL/min/g). Use of qualitative MR imaging measures such as the contrast enhancement ratio led to substantially underestimated hyperemic blood flow measurements. RSNA, 2004 JF - Radiology AU - Christian, Timothy F AU - Rettmann, Dan W AU - Aletras, Anthony H AU - Liao, Steve L AU - Taylor, Joni L AU - Balaban, Robert S AU - Arai, Andrew E AD - Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bldg 10, Rm B1D416, MSC 1061, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 677 EP - 684 PB - Radiological Society of North America, 820 Jorie Blvd. Oak Brook Illinois 60523-2251 USA VL - 232 IS - 3 SN - 0033-8419, 0033-8419 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 150:Medical Imaging KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17688168?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiology&rft.atitle=Absolute+Myocardial+Perfusion+in+Canines+Measured+by+Using+Dual-Bolus+First-+Pass+MR+Imaging&rft.au=Christian%2C+Timothy+F%3BRettmann%2C+Dan+W%3BAletras%2C+Anthony+H%3BLiao%2C+Steve+L%3BTaylor%2C+Joni+L%3BBalaban%2C+Robert+S%3BArai%2C+Andrew+E&rft.aulast=Christian&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=232&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiology&rft.issn=00338419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a computer-simulation model for human ambulation on stilts AN - 17569362; 6101296 AB - Stilts are elevated tools that are frequently used by construction workers to raise workers 18 to 40 inches above the ground without the burden of erecting scaffolding or a ladder. Some previous studies indicated that construction workers perceive an increased risk of injury when working on stilts. However, no in-depth biomechanical analyses have been conducted to examine the fall risks associated with the use of stilts. The objective of this study is to evaluate a computer-simulation stilts model. Three construction workers were recruited for walking tasks on 24-inch stilts. The model was evaluated using whole body center of mass and ground reaction forces. A PEAK super(TM) motion system and two Kistler super(TM) force platforms were used to collect data on both kinetic and kinematic measures. Inverse- and direct-dynamics simulations were performed using a model developed using commercial software - ADAMS and LifeMOD. For three coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the center of mass, the results of univariate analyses indicated very small variability for the mean difference between the model predictions and the experimental measurements. The results of correlation analyses indicated similar trends for the three coordinates. Plotting the resultant and vertical ground reaction force for both right and left feet showed small discrepancies, but the overall shape was identical. The percentage differences between the model and the actual measurement for three coordinates of the center of mass, as well as resultant and vertical ground reaction force, were within 20%. This newly-developed stilt walking model may be used to assist in improving the design of stilts. JF - Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology AU - Pan, C S AU - Miller, K M AU - Chiou, S AU - Wu, J Z AD - NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, cpan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/09// PY - 2004 DA - Sep 2004 SP - 283 EP - 303 VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 0219-5194, 0219-5194 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Physical Education Index; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Walking KW - Computer analysis KW - Biomechanics KW - Modeling KW - Occupational health KW - PE 100:Kinesiology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17569362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Mechanics+in+Medicine+and+Biology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+computer-simulation+model+for+human+ambulation+on+stilts&rft.au=Pan%2C+C+S%3BMiller%2C+K+M%3BChiou%2C+S%3BWu%2C+J+Z&rft.aulast=Pan&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-09-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=283&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Mechanics+in+Medicine+and+Biology&rft.issn=02195194&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Walking; Modeling; Computer analysis; Occupational health; Biomechanics ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Hispanic Logger Struck and Killed by a Falling Tree Cut by a Feller Buncher Machine - North Carolina AN - 21116321; 11148070 AB - On December 8, 2003, a 23-year-old Hispanic logger (the victim) was struck by a tree cut by a feller buncher machine. After using the feller buncher to make 2 cuts on a tree that was approximately 104 Feet in height and approximately 36-inches in diameter, the operator turned to view the tree he had just cut. He observed the tree lying on top of the victim who had been assigned to work in the limbing area. The falling tree struck the victim in the cutting operations area. It is theorized that the victim had been approaching the feller buncher to communicate with the operator. The feller buncher operator ran to the foreman for assistance. When the foreman and the feller buncher operator returned, the foreman was unable to find any vital signs for the victim, and called 911 on his mobile phone. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and police personnel responded to the scene. The victim was transported by ambulance to a hospital, where he was pronounced dead in the emergency room. NIOSH investigators concluded that, to help prevent similar occurrences, employers should ensure employees understand the importance of remaining a minimum distance of 300 feet from a high speed mechanical- felling operation and not approaching until the machine operator has acknowledged that it is safe to do so ensure equipment operators properly use the equipment they are assigned to operate in accordance with manufacturers' operational guidelines ensure that workers are provided with a means of communication on the logging site develop a pre-job safety plan for the cutting site which includes hazard recognition and avoidance of unsafe conditions and ensure that it is implemented and reviewed with all workers prior to each day's cutting consider having employees wear high-visibility clothing while working on a logging site. JF - Front Hopper Gate Operator Run Over by Chip Spreader during Street Resurfacing. [np]. 31 Aug 2004. AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2004/08/31/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 31 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati OH 45226-1998 USA, [URL:http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/homepage.html] KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA, North Carolina KW - cellular telephones KW - Trees KW - cuttings KW - police KW - guidelines KW - Ethnic groups KW - logging KW - Communications KW - Reviews KW - wear KW - emergency medical services KW - Hospitals KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21116321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Anonymous&rft.aulast=Anonymous&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-08-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Hispanic+Logger+Struck+and+Killed+by+a+Falling+Tree+Cut+by+a+Feller+Buncher+Machine+-+North+Carolina&rft.title=Hispanic+Logger+Struck+and+Killed+by+a+Falling+Tree+Cut+by+a+Feller+Buncher+Machine+-+North+Carolina&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Front Hopper Gate Operator Run Over by Chip Spreader during Street Resurfacing AN - 21116315; 11148069 AB - In the summer of 2002, a 21-year-old male road construction worker was crushed while making adjustments to a roadway resurfacing machine on a straight and level portion of street. The chip spreading machine was a 1992 model and was pulling a 1984 tandem axle dump truck. Three construction workers were involved in this incident: the primary operator of the chip spreading machine; a secondary side-gate or front hopper operator (the victim); and the dump truck driver. The victim had worked with this equipment 2 previous summers. It was the first day of road resurfacing at this worksite and everything was considered routine. The chip spreading machine was moving slowly forward on the roadway, pulling the rear-facing dump truck behind it. While the equipment was in operation, the side-gate operator (victim) got off the rock-chip spreading machine and went into an adjacent wooded area. He returned to his work station at the front right of the chip spreader and began adjusting the gate levers. Subsequently, he fell in front of the chip spreading machine and was run over first by the chip spreader and then by the left rear axle of the dump truck, at which time the dump truck became uncoupled from the chip spreader's hitch. The driver got out of his truck to investigate. He found the victim lying between the first and second sets of duals on the driver's side rear axles and moved the truck forward (Photo 2). The victim died at the scene from severe head and neck injuries. RECOMMENDATIONS based on our investigation are as follows: Employers must educate and instruct each employee in the recognition and avoidance of unsafe work conditions and applicable regulations associated with their work environment to control or eliminate any hazard(s) or other exposure to illness or injury. When two people are required to simultaneously perform operational tasks their work must be coordinated, which requires effective communication. Manufacturers of chip spreaders should employ engineering controls to reduce excess noise and designs that do not require an operator other than the primary operator. JF - Front Hopper Gate Operator Run Over by Chip Spreader during Street Resurfacing. [np]. 31 Aug 2004. AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2004/08/31/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 31 PB - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati OH 45226-1998 USA, [URL:http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/homepage.html] KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - road construction KW - Noise levels KW - Noise reduction KW - Working conditions KW - Communications KW - neck injuries KW - summer KW - Trucks KW - Highways KW - Construction industry KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21116315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Health+%26+Safety+Science+Abstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Anonymous&rft.aulast=Anonymous&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-08-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Front+Hopper+Gate+Operator+Run+Over+by+Chip+Spreader+during+Street+Resurfacing&rft.title=Front+Hopper+Gate+Operator+Run+Over+by+Chip+Spreader+during+Street+Resurfacing&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical devices; labeling for menstrual tampons; ranges of absorbency, change from "junior" to "light." Final rule. AN - 66812759; 15329983 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule that amends its menstrual tampon labeling regulation to change the current term for tampons that absorb 6 grams (g) and under of fluid. A tampon with absorbency of 6 g or less is currently required to be labeled as "junior". FDA is changing the term "junior" to "light". The term "junior" implies that the tampon is only for younger or teenage women when, in fact, it may be appropriate for women of any age with light menstrual flow. FDA encourages women to use the lowest absorbency tampon appropriate for their flow to help minimize the risk of Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS). At present, FDA requires standardized terms to be used for the labeling of a menstrual tampon to indicate its particular absorbency. This rule enables women to compare the absorbency of one brand and style of tampons with the absorbency of other brands and styles. FDA is issuing this final rule under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) to ensure that labeling of menstrual tampons is not misleading. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2004/08/25/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 25 SP - 52170 EP - 52171 VL - 69 IS - 164 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Equipment Design KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Equipment Safety KW - Absorption KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Menstrual Hygiene Products -- classification KW - Product Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Menstruation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66812759?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Medical+devices%3B+labeling+for+menstrual+tampons%3B+ranges+of+absorbency%2C+change+from+%22junior%22+to+%22light.%22+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2004-08-25&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=164&rft.spage=52170&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Viruses, chemicals and co-carcinogenesis. AN - 66806726; 15322520 AB - The etiology of cancers appears to be complex and multifactorial. Peyton Rous and others demonstrated the process of co-carcinogenesis by exposing rabbits to a virus and tars. Epidemiologists have proposed virus-chemical interactions to cause several cancers. For example, one might propose that the etiology of cervical cancer results from a complex interplay between oncogenic viruses and cervical tar exposures through tar-based vaginal douching, cigarette smoking, and/or long-term cooking over wood-burning stoves in poorly ventilated kitchens. Hepatocellular carcinoma may result from the joint effects of viruses and hepatotoxic chemical carcinogens. Kaposi's sarcoma might happen following reciprocal actions of human herpes virus-8 infection, immunosuppression, and chemical exposures, such as nitrite radicals and alumino-silicates. Use of Koch's postulates will not help one prove or disprove a multifactorial causation of disease; new criteria are needed. Delineating the web of causation may lead to additional strategies for prevention and treatment of several cancers. JF - Oncogene AU - Haverkos, Harry W AD - Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307, USA. haverkosh@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/08/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 23 SP - 6492 EP - 6499 VL - 23 IS - 38 SN - 0950-9232, 0950-9232 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sexual Behavior KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Incidence KW - Sarcoma, Kaposi -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Neoplasms -- virology KW - Virus Diseases -- complications KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66806726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncogene&rft.atitle=Viruses%2C+chemicals+and+co-carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Haverkos%2C+Harry+W&rft.aulast=Haverkos&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft.date=2004-08-23&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=38&rft.spage=6492&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oncogene&rft.issn=09509232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid Biomonitoring of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines in Human Urine by Tandem Solvent Solid Phase Extraction Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry AN - 18057445; 6014727 AB - A rapid and facile tandem solvent solid phase extraction method was established to isolate the heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (8-MeIQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, and 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole from urine. The HAAs were separated by reversed phase liquid chromatography and quantified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MS/MS) using selected reaction monitoring. The limits of detection and quantitation of these HAAs approached 1-3 and 2-8 pg/mL, respectively, using only 0.3 mL of urine for analysis. Full product ion spectra were acquired to corroborate analyte identities. The pretreatment of urine from human volunteers that had consumed a grilled beef meal with acid or base at 70 degree C increased the concentration of HAAs by as much as 6-fold, indicating the presence of phase II conjugates of the parent compounds. HAAs containing an N-methylimidazole moiety undergo facile cleavage of the N-methyl group under collision-induced dissociation conditions, and MS/MS analysis in the constant neutral loss scan mode monitoring the transition [M + H] super(+) arrow right [M + H - CH super(.) sub(3)] super(+) revealed the presence of two other HAAs. 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (IQx) was identified by coelution of the analyte with synthetic IQx and by acquisition of the product ion spectrum. The second HAA was present in a relatively high abundance in urine. The molecule had the same nominal mass as 8-MeIQx (MH super(+) at m/z 214), and the product ion spectrum was similar to that of 8-MeIQx. This novel HAA was also found in the grilled meat consumed by the volunteers at a concentration of 8 parts per billion. The accurate mass measurement and product ion spectrum of this molecule by ESI quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed that it was an isomer of 8-MeIQx. This tandem solvent solid phase extraction LC/ESI/MS/MS procedure may be used to rapidly assess the daily exposure to a variety of HAAs in urine. JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology AU - Holland, R D AU - Taylor, J AU - Schoenbachler, L AU - Jones, R C AU - Freeman, J P AU - Miller, D W AU - Lake, B G AU - Gooderham, N J AU - Turesky, R J AD - Division of Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA Y1 - 2004/08/16/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 16 SP - 1121 EP - 1136 VL - 17 IS - 8 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - N-methylimidazole KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Abundance KW - Solvents KW - Spectrometry KW - amines KW - Beef KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Urine KW - quinoxaline KW - biomonitoring KW - Quantitation KW - Ionization KW - Aromatics KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18057445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Rapid+Biomonitoring+of+Heterocyclic+Aromatic+Amines+in+Human+Urine+by+Tandem+Solvent+Solid+Phase+Extraction+Liquid+Chromatography+Electrospray+Ionization+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.au=Holland%2C+R+D%3BTaylor%2C+J%3BSchoenbachler%2C+L%3BJones%2C+R+C%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BMiller%2C+D+W%3BLake%2C+B+G%3BGooderham%2C+N+J%3BTuresky%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Holland&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-16&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Ftx049910a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Urine; Solvents; Spectrometry; amines; Liquid chromatography; Aromatics; Ionization; Abundance; Beef; quinoxaline; Quantitation; biomonitoring DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx049910a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse drug event reports at the United States Food And Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine. AN - 66839481; 15344359 JF - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association AU - Hampshire, Victoria A AU - Doddy, Frederick M AU - Post, Lynn O AU - Koogler, Teresa L AU - Burgess, Tina M AU - Batten, Priscilla O AU - Hudson, Roderick AU - McAdams, Dorothy R AU - Brown, Margarita A AD - United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, MD 20885, USA. Y1 - 2004/08/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 15 SP - 533 EP - 536 VL - 225 IS - 4 SN - 0003-1488, 0003-1488 KW - Anthelmintics KW - 0 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Macrolides KW - Quinolones KW - Veterinary Drugs KW - Etodolac KW - 2M36281008 KW - enrofloxacin KW - 3DX3XEK1BN KW - milbemycin KW - 51570-36-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Quinolones -- adverse effects KW - Horse Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Animals KW - Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca -- veterinary KW - Fluoroquinolones -- adverse effects KW - Cat Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca -- chemically induced KW - Equipment Failure -- veterinary KW - Horses KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Drug Overdose -- veterinary KW - Blindness -- chemically induced KW - Blindness -- veterinary KW - Dog Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Macrolides -- poisoning KW - Etodolac -- adverse effects KW - Drug Overdose -- etiology KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- adverse effects KW - Cats KW - Anthelmintics -- poisoning KW - Databases, Factual KW - Dogs KW - Syringes -- adverse effects KW - Veterinary Drugs -- adverse effects KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Veterinary Drugs -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66839481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Adverse+drug+event+reports+at+the+United+States+Food+And+Drug+Administration+Center+for+Veterinary+Medicine.&rft.au=Hampshire%2C+Victoria+A%3BDoddy%2C+Frederick+M%3BPost%2C+Lynn+O%3BKoogler%2C+Teresa+L%3BBurgess%2C+Tina+M%3BBatten%2C+Priscilla+O%3BHudson%2C+Roderick%3BMcAdams%2C+Dorothy+R%3BBrown%2C+Margarita+A&rft.aulast=Hampshire&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft.date=2004-08-15&rft.volume=225&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00031488&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transcriptional regulation of the human TLR9 gene. AN - 66760515; 15294971 AB - To clarify the molecular basis of human TLR9 (hTLR9) gene expression, the activity of the hTLR9 gene promoter was characterized using the human myeloma cell line RPMI 8226. Reporter gene analysis and EMSA demonstrated that hTLR9 gene transcription was regulated via four cis-acting elements, cAMP response element, 5'-PU box, 3'-PU box, and a C/EBP site, that interacted with the CREB1, Ets2, Elf1, Elk1, and C/EBPalpha transcription factors. Other members of the C/EBP family, such as C/EBPbeta, C/EBPdelta, and C/EBPepsilon, were also important for TLR9 gene transcription. CpG DNA-mediated suppression of TLR9 gene transcription led to decreased binding of the trans-acting factors to their corresponding cis-acting elements. It appeared that suppression was mediated via c-Jun and NF-kappaB p65 and that cooperation among CREB1, Ets2, Elf1, Elk1, and C/EBPalpha culminated in maximal transcription of the TLR9 gene. These findings will help to elucidate the mechanism of TLR9 gene regulation and to provide insight into the process by which TLR9 evolved in the mammalian immune system. JF - Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) AU - Takeshita, Fumihiko AU - Suzuki, Koichi AU - Sasaki, Shin AU - Ishii, Norihisa AU - Klinman, Dennis M AU - Ishii, Ken J AD - Section of Retroviral Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. takesita@yokohama-cu.ac.jp Y1 - 2004/08/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 15 SP - 2552 EP - 2561 VL - 173 IS - 4 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - NF-kappa B KW - Receptors, Cell Surface KW - TLR9 protein, human KW - Toll-Like Receptor 9 KW - Toll-Like Receptors KW - Transcription Factors KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - Humans KW - NF-kappa B -- immunology KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein -- metabolism KW - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - CpG Islands -- genetics KW - Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein -- immunology KW - CpG Islands -- immunology KW - Genes, jun -- immunology KW - Transcription, Genetic -- genetics KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Genes, Reporter -- genetics KW - Blotting, Western KW - Base Sequence KW - Transfection KW - Genes, Reporter -- immunology KW - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins -- immunology KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Cell Surface -- immunology KW - Transcriptional Activation -- immunology KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic -- immunology KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- immunology KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic -- genetics KW - Receptors, Cell Surface -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- immunology KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- immunology KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66760515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.atitle=Transcriptional+regulation+of+the+human+TLR9+gene.&rft.au=Takeshita%2C+Fumihiko%3BSuzuki%2C+Koichi%3BSasaki%2C+Shin%3BIshii%2C+Norihisa%3BKlinman%2C+Dennis+M%3BIshii%2C+Ken+J&rft.aulast=Takeshita&rft.aufirst=Fumihiko&rft.date=2004-08-15&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=2552&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+immunology+%28Baltimore%2C+Md.+%3A+1950%29&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of the role of ubiquitin-interacting motifs in ubiquitin binding and ubiquitylation. AN - 66765953; 15155768 AB - The ubiquitin-interacting motif (UIM) is a short peptide motif with the dual function of binding ubiquitin and promoting ubiquitylation. This motif is conserved throughout eukaryotes and is present in numerous proteins involved in a wide variety of cellular processes including endocytosis, protein trafficking, and signal transduction. We previously reported that the UIMs of epsin were both necessary and sufficient for its ubiquitylation. In this study, we found that many, but not all, UIM-containing proteins were ubiquitylated. When expressed as chimeric fusion proteins, most UIMs promoted ubiquitylation of the chimera. In contrast to previous studies, we found that UIMs do not exclusively promote monoubiquitylation but rather a mixture of mono-, multi-, and polyubiquitylation. However, UIM-dependent polyubiquitylation does not lead to degradation of the modified protein. UIMs also bind polyubiquitin chains of varying lengths and to different degrees, and this activity is required for UIM-dependent ubiquitylation. Mutational analysis of the UIM revealed specific amino acids that are important for both polyubiquitin binding and ubiquitin conjugation. Finally we provide evidence that UIM-dependent ubiquitylation inhibits the interaction of UIM-containing proteins with other ubiquitylated cellular proteins. Our results suggest a new model for the ubiquitylation of UIM-containing proteins. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Miller, Stephanie L H AU - Malotky, Erica AU - O'Bryan, John P AD - Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. Y1 - 2004/08/06/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 06 SP - 33528 EP - 33537 VL - 279 IS - 32 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - ANKIB1 protein, human KW - 0 KW - Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport KW - DNAJB2 protein, human KW - Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport KW - HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Molecular Chaperones KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins KW - Nuclear Proteins KW - Oligopeptides KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Peptides KW - Phosphoproteins KW - Proteins KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Repressor Proteins KW - Ubiquitin KW - Vesicular Transport Proteins KW - epsin KW - hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate KW - FLAG peptide KW - 98849-88-8 KW - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1 KW - EC 2.7.11.25 KW - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases KW - MAP3K1 protein, human KW - ATXN3 protein, human KW - EC 3.4.19.12 KW - Ataxin-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Chaperones -- genetics KW - Molecular Chaperones -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- chemistry KW - Mutagenesis KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Embryo, Mammalian KW - Signal Transduction KW - Phosphoproteins -- metabolism KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Vesicular Transport Proteins -- genetics KW - Phosphoproteins -- genetics KW - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases -- genetics KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins -- genetics KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Proteins -- genetics KW - Protein Binding KW - Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Binding Sites KW - MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases -- metabolism KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Endocytosis KW - Conserved Sequence KW - Transfection KW - Kidney KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins -- metabolism KW - Vesicular Transport Proteins -- metabolism KW - Peptides -- genetics KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- genetics KW - Cell Line KW - Ubiquitin -- metabolism KW - Peptide Fragments -- chemistry KW - Peptide Fragments -- genetics KW - Peptide Fragments -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66765953?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+the+role+of+ubiquitin-interacting+motifs+in+ubiquitin+binding+and+ubiquitylation.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Stephanie+L+H%3BMalotky%2C+Erica%3BO%27Bryan%2C+John+P&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Stephanie+L&rft.date=2004-08-06&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=32&rft.spage=33528&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dose-dependence, sex- and tissue-specificity, and persistence of radiation-induced genomic DNA methylation changes. AN - 66699378; 15249225 AB - Radiation is a well-known genotoxic agent and human carcinogen that gives rise to a variety of long-term effects. Its detrimental influence on cellular function is actively studied nowadays. One of the most analyzed, yet least understood long-term effects of ionizing radiation is transgenerational genomic instability. The inheritance of genomic instability suggests the possible involvement of epigenetic mechanisms, such as changes of the methylation of cytosine residues located within CpG dinucleotides. In the current study we evaluated the dose-dependence of the radiation-induced global genome DNA methylation changes. We also analyzed the effects of acute and chronic high dose (5Gy) exposure on DNA methylation in liver, spleen, and lung tissues of male and female mice and evaluated the possible persistence of the radiation-induced DNA methylation changes. Here we report that radiation-induced DNA methylation changes were sex- and tissue-specific, dose-dependent, and persistent. In parallel we have studied the levels of DNA damage in the exposed tissues. Based on the correlation between the levels of DNA methylation and DNA damage we propose that radiation-induced global genome DNA hypomethylation is DNA repair-related. JF - Biochemical and biophysical research communications AU - Pogribny, Igor AU - Raiche, Joe AU - Slovack, Mark AU - Kovalchuk, Olga AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/08/06/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 06 SP - 1253 EP - 1261 VL - 320 IS - 4 SN - 0006-291X, 0006-291X KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Spleen -- radiation effects KW - Sex Factors KW - Radiation Tolerance -- radiation effects KW - Mice KW - Organ Specificity KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Whole-Body Irradiation KW - Adaptation, Physiological -- physiology KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Female KW - Liver -- radiation effects KW - Male KW - Lung -- radiation effects KW - Radiation Tolerance -- genetics KW - Genomic Instability -- radiation effects KW - DNA Repair -- radiation effects KW - DNA Damage KW - DNA -- genetics KW - DNA Methylation -- radiation effects KW - DNA -- radiation effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66699378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.atitle=Dose-dependence%2C+sex-+and+tissue-specificity%2C+and+persistence+of+radiation-induced+genomic+DNA+methylation+changes.&rft.au=Pogribny%2C+Igor%3BRaiche%2C+Joe%3BSlovack%2C+Mark%3BKovalchuk%2C+Olga&rft.aulast=Pogribny&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft.date=2004-08-06&rft.volume=320&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+and+biophysical+research+communications&rft.issn=0006291X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Tribal TANF and CCDF Guide to Financial Management, Grants Administration, and Program Accountability AN - 881470724; ED519374 AB - This publication was developed in conjunction with a special Tribal Cluster Training, "Collaboration and Accountability as Foundations for Success," held in Portland, Oregon on August 24-25, 2004. This Tribal Cluster Training is jointly sponsored by the Office of Family Assistance (OFA), which administers the Tribal Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, and the Child Care Bureau (CCB), which administers the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) program. Recognizing that the TANF and CCDF programs have a number of cross-cutting issues, this "Guide" focuses on general program administration and accountability issues that are common to the Tribal TANF and CCDF programs, including basic grants management and financial management principles, audits, and procurement and Federal property requirements. TANF and CCDF specific information is highlighted throughout the "Guide". By working collaboratively across the TANF and CCDF programs, Tribes have the opportunity to provide enhanced services to Indian families as they move along the path toward social and economic self-sufficiency. Web Sites for Agencies and Documents Referenced in this Guide are appended. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 32 PB - Child Care Bureau. US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children & Families, Office of Family Assistance, 370 L'Enfant Promenade SW 5th Floor East, Washington, DC 20447. KW - Temporary Assistance for Needy Families KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Administrators KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Operations Research KW - Financial Support KW - Program Administration KW - Grants KW - Welfare Services KW - Child Care KW - Accountability KW - Financial Audits KW - American Indians KW - Grantsmanship KW - Tribes KW - Money Management KW - Family Programs KW - Program Guides KW - Purchasing KW - Administrative Principles KW - Federal Regulation KW - Technical Assistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881470724?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Waist circumference as a measurement of obesity in the Netherlands Antilles; associations with hypertension and diabetes mellitus AN - 754894896; 13522974 AB - OBJECTIVES:: To evaluate waist circumference (WC) as a screening tool for obesity in a Caribbean population. To identify risk groups with a high prevalence of (central) obesity in a Caribbean population, and to evaluate associations between (central) obesity and self-reported hypertension and diabetes mellitus. DESIGN:: Cross-sectional. SETTING:: Population-based study. SUBJECTS:: A random sample of adults (18y or older) was selected from the Population Registries of three islands of the Netherlands Antilles. Response was over 80%. Complete data were available for 2025 subjects. INTERVENTION:: A questionnaire and measurements of weight, height, waist and hip. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT:: Central obesity indicator (WC greater than or equal to 102cm men, greater than or equal to 88cm women). RESULTS:: WC was positively associated with age (65-74y vs 18-24y) in men (OR=7.7, 95% CI 3.4-17.4) and women (OR=6.4, 95% CI 3.2-12.7). Women with a low education had a higher prevalence of central obesity than women with a high education (OR=0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.7). However, men with a high income had a higher prevalence of a central obesity than men with a low income (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.1-2.6). WC was the strongest independent obesity indicator associated with self-reported hypertension (OR=1.7, 95% CI 1.4-2.0) and diabetes mellitus (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.3-1.9). CONCLUSIONS:: The identified risk groups were women aged 55-74y, women with a low educational level and men with a high income. WC appears to be the major obesity indicator associated with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. SPONSORSHIP:: Island Governments of Saba, St Eustatius and Bonaire, the Federal Government of the Netherlands Antilles, Dutch Directorate for Kingdom relationships.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2004) 58, 1159-1165. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601944 Published online 31 March 2004 JF - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition AU - Grievink, L AU - Alberts, J F AU - O'Niel, J AU - Gerstenbluth, I AD - [1] 1 Northern Centre for Health Care Research, University of Groningen, the Netherlands [2] 2 Epidemiology and Research Unit, Medical and Public Health Service of Curacao, Netherlands Antilles Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1159 EP - 1165 PB - Nature Publishing Group VL - 58 IS - 8 SN - 0954-3007, 0954-3007 KW - Risk Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/754894896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Waist+circumference+as+a+measurement+of+obesity+in+the+Netherlands+Antilles%3B+associations+with+hypertension+and+diabetes+mellitus&rft.au=Grievink%2C+L%3BAlberts%2C+J+F%3BO%27Niel%2C+J%3BGerstenbluth%2C+I&rft.aulast=Grievink&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1159&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.issn=09543007&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.ejcn.1601944 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601944 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A generalized additive model for microarray gene expression data analysis. AN - 66948687; 15468752 AB - Microarray technology allows the measurement of expression levels of a large number of genes simultaneously. There are inherent biases in microarray data generated from an experiment. Various statistical methods have been proposed for data normalization and data analysis. This paper proposes a generalized additive model for the analysis of gene expression data. This model consists of two sub-models: a non-linear model and a linear model. We propose a two-step normalization algorithm to fit the two sub-models sequentially. The first step involves a non-parametric regression using lowess fits to adjust for non-linear systematic biases. The second step uses a linear ANOVA model to estimate the remaining effects including the interaction effect of genes and treatments, the effect of interest in a study. The proposed model is a generalization of the ANOVA model for microarray data analysis. We show correspondences between the lowess fit and the ANOVA model methods. The normalization procedure does not assume the majority of genes do not change their expression levels, and neither does it assume two channel intensities from the same spot are independent. The procedure can be applied to either one channel or two channel data from the experiments with multiple treatments or multiple nuisance factors. Two toxicogenomic experiment data sets and a simulated data set are used to contrast the proposed method with the commonly known lowess fit and ANOVA methods. JF - Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics AU - Tsai, Chen-An AU - Hsueh, Huey-Miin AU - Chen, James J AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 553 EP - 573 VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 1054-3406, 1054-3406 KW - Metals KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Humans KW - Algorithms KW - Toxicogenetics KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Models, Statistical KW - Metals -- toxicity KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66948687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biopharmaceutical+statistics&rft.atitle=A+generalized+additive+model+for+microarray+gene+expression+data+analysis.&rft.au=Tsai%2C+Chen-An%3BHsueh%2C+Huey-Miin%3BChen%2C+James+J&rft.aulast=Tsai&rft.aufirst=Chen-An&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=553&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biopharmaceutical+statistics&rft.issn=10543406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury, cadmium and arsenic contents of calcium dietary supplements. AN - 66878616; 15370826 AB - The cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) contents of calcium (Ca) supplements available on the Korean market were determined by a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer using Zeeman background correction and peak area mode after microwave digestion. The mercury (Hg) content of the supplements was measured using an Hg analyser. Recoveries ranged from 92 to 98% for Hg, Cd and As analyses. Fifty-five brands of Ca supplements were classified into seven categories based on the major composite: bone, milk, oyster/clam shell, egg shell, algae, shark cartilage and chelated. The means of Hg, Cd and As in Ca supplements were 0.01, 0.02, and 0.48 mg kg(-1), respectively. Ca supplements made of shark cartilage had the highest means of Hg (0.06 mg kg(-1)) and Cd (0.13 mg kg(-1)). The mean daily intakes of Hg and Cd from the supplement were estimated as about 0.1-0.2 microg, with both contributing less than 0.4% of provisional tolerable daily intakes set by the Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization Joint Food Additive and Contaminants Committee. JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Kim, Meehye AD - Department of Food Evaluation, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. meehkim@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 763 EP - 767 VL - 21 IS - 8 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Calcium, Dietary KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Ostreidae -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Arsenic Poisoning -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Child KW - Korea KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Sharks -- metabolism KW - Arsenic -- analysis KW - Cadmium -- adverse effects KW - Mercury -- adverse effects KW - Cadmium -- analysis KW - Mercury -- analysis KW - Calcium, Dietary -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Pollutants -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66878616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Mercury%2C+cadmium+and+arsenic+contents+of+calcium+dietary+supplements.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Meehye&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Meehye&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of prediction confidence and domain extrapolation of two structure-activity relationship models for predicting estrogen receptor binding activity. AN - 66845370; 15345371 AB - Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methods have been widely applied in drug discovery, lead optimization, toxicity prediction, and regulatory decisions. Despite major advances in algorithms and software, QSAR models have inherent limitations associated with a size and chemical-structure diversity of the training set, experimental error, and many characteristics of structure representation and correlation algorithms. Whereas excellent fit to the training data may be readily attainable, often models fail to predict accurately chemicals that are outside their domain of applicability. A QSAR's utility and, in the case of regulatory decisions, justification for usage increasingly depend on the ability to quantify a model's potential for predicting unknown chemicals with some known degree of certainty. It is never possible to predict an unknown chemical with absolute certainty. Here we report on two QSAR models based on different data sets for classification of chemicals according to their ability to bind to the estrogen receptor. The models were developed by using a novel QSAR method, Decision Forest, which combines the results of multiple heterogeneous but comparable Decision Tree models to produce a consensus prediction. We used an extensive cross-validation process to define an applicability domain for model predictions based on two quantitative measures: prediction confidence and domain extrapolation. Together, these measures quantify the accuracy of each prediction within and outside of the training domain. Despite being based on large and diverse training sets, both QSAR models had poor accuracy for chemicals within the domain of low confidence, whereas good accuracy was obtained for those within the domain of high confidence. For prediction in the high confidence domain, accuracy was inversely proportional to the degree of domain extrapolation. The model with a larger training set of 1,092, compared with 232 for the other, was more accurate in predicting chemicals at larger domain extrapolation, and could be particularly useful for rapidly prioritizing potential endocrine disruptors from large chemical universe. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Tong, Weida AU - Xie, Qian AU - Hong, Huixiao AU - Shi, Leming AU - Fang, Hong AU - Perkins, Roger AD - Center for Toxicoinformatics, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. wtong@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1249 EP - 1254 VL - 112 IS - 12 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - Index Medicus KW - Environment KW - Software KW - Policy Making KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Humans KW - Endocrine System -- drug effects KW - Forecasting KW - Toxicogenetics -- methods KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- drug effects KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- physiology KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Decision Support Techniques UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66845370?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+prediction+confidence+and+domain+extrapolation+of+two+structure-activity+relationship+models+for+predicting+estrogen+receptor+binding+activity.&rft.au=Tong%2C+Weida%3BXie%2C+Qian%3BHong%2C+Huixiao%3BShi%2C+Leming%3BFang%2C+Hong%3BPerkins%2C+Roger&rft.aulast=Tong&rft.aufirst=Weida&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1249&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Toxicol Sci. 2000 Mar;54(1):138-53 [10746941] SAR QSAR Environ Res. 1999;10(2-3):215-37 [10491851] J Chem Inf Comput Sci. 2001 Jan-Feb;41(1):186-95 [11206373] Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001 Mar 1;46(1-3):3-26 [11259830] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Jan;110(1):29-36 [11781162] J Nutr. 2002 Apr;132(4):658-64 [11925457] SAR QSAR Environ Res. 2002 Mar;13(1):69-88 [12074393] J Chem Inf Comput Sci. 2003 Mar-Apr;43(2):525-31 [12653517] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Aug;111(10):1361-75 [12896860] Environ Toxicol Chem. 2003 Aug;22(8):1680-95 [12924570] Chem Res Toxicol. 2003 Oct;16(10):1338-58 [14565775] Crit Rev Toxicol. 1995;25(1):67-89 [7734060] Toxicol Lett. 1995 Sep;79(1-3):45-53 [7570673] SAR QSAR Environ Res. 1995;4(2-3):83-95 [8765904] SAR QSAR Environ Res. 1994;2(1-2):89-104 [8790641] Chem Res Toxicol. 1996 Dec;9(8):1240-8 [8951225] Endocrinology. 1997 Sep;138(9):4022-5 [9275094] J Med Chem. 1997 Oct 24;40(22):3659-69 [9357533] Environ Health Perspect. 1997 Oct;105(10):1116-24 [9353176] Methods. 1998 Mar;14(3):264-76 [9571083] J Med Chem. 1998 Jun 18;41(13):2261-7 [9632359] J Chem Inf Comput Sci. 1998 Jul-Aug;38(4):669-77 [9722424] Sci Total Environ. 2000 Apr 17;249(1-3):73-84 [10813448] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in popcorn production plant workers. AN - 66826565; 15332401 AB - Following sentinel case recognition, an excess of fixed airways obstruction was found among current workers in a microwave popcorn plant associated with butter flavouring exposures. In order to characterise the clinical presentation of sentinel cases, the medical records of sentinel cases were reviewed, interviews conducted and serial spirometric testing performed. Cases worked in microwave popcorn production, and five of the nine cases had mixed flavourings. Most had never smoked or smoked minimally. Cases showed onset of cough, shortness of breath and wheezing 5 months to 9 yrs after starting work at the popcorn plant. Initial forced expiratory volume in one second ranged 14.0-66.8% of the predicted value. Eight high-resolution computed tomography scans showed marked bronchial wall thickening and mosaic attenuation with air trapping. Open lung biopsy results were consistent with, or diagnostic of, constrictive bronchiolitis in two of three cases. Five cases are on lung transplantation waiting lists. After leaving employment, nearly all cases experienced stabilisation of their lung function within 2 yrs. Astute clinicians can help identify new causes of airways obstruction by alerting public health authorities to unexplained disease cases occurring in groups of workers. JF - The European respiratory journal AU - Akpinar-Elci, M AU - Travis, W D AU - Lynch, D A AU - Kreiss, K AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. melci@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 298 EP - 302 VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 0903-1936, 0903-1936 KW - Flavoring Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Occupational Health KW - Humans KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed KW - Biopsy, Needle KW - Risk Assessment KW - Age Distribution KW - Adult KW - Sampling Studies KW - Incidence KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Sex Distribution KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - Male KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Bronchiolitis Obliterans -- diagnosis KW - Flavoring Agents -- adverse effects KW - Food Industry KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Bronchiolitis Obliterans -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Bronchiolitis Obliterans -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66826565?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+European+respiratory+journal&rft.atitle=Bronchiolitis+obliterans+syndrome+in+popcorn+production+plant+workers.&rft.au=Akpinar-Elci%2C+M%3BTravis%2C+W+D%3BLynch%2C+D+A%3BKreiss%2C+K&rft.aulast=Akpinar-Elci&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+European+respiratory+journal&rft.issn=09031936&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sulfites--a food and drug administration review of recalls and reported adverse events. AN - 66826429; 15330554 AB - Sulfite-sensitive individuals can experience adverse reactions after consuming foods containing sulfiting agents (sulfites), and some of these reactions may be severe. In the 1980s and 1990s, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acted to reduce the likelihood that sulfite-sensitive individuals would unknowingly consume foods containing sulfites. The FDA prohibited the use of sulfites on fruits and vegetables (except potatoes) to be served or presented fresh to the public and required that the presence of detectable levels of sulfites be declared on food labels, even when these sulfites are used as a processing aid or are a component of another ingredient in the food. In the present study, data from FDA recall records and adverse event reports were used to examine the current status of problems of sensitivity to sulfites in foods. From 1996 through 1999, the FDA processed a total of 59 recalls of foods containing undeclared sulfites; these 59 recalls involved 93 different food products. Fifty (55%) of the recalled products were classified as class I, a designation indicating that a consumer reasonably could have ingested > or = 10 mg of undeclared sulfites on a single occasion, a level that could potentially cause a serious adverse reaction in a susceptible person. From 1996 through mid-1999, the FDA received a total of 34 reports of adverse reactions allegedly due to eating foods containing undeclared sulfites. The average of 10 reports per year, although derived from a passive surveillance system, was lower than the average of 111 reports per year that the FDA received from 1980 to 1987, a decrease that may have resulted in part from FDA regulatory action. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Timbo, Babgaleh AU - Koehler, Kathleen M AU - Wolyniak, Cecilia AU - Klontz, Karl C AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740-3835, USA. btimbo@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 1806 EP - 1811 VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Sulfites KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Labeling -- standards KW - Food Labeling -- methods KW - Humans KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Sulfites -- adverse effects KW - Food Hypersensitivity -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66826429?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Sulfites--a+food+and+drug+administration+review+of+recalls+and+reported+adverse+events.&rft.au=Timbo%2C+Babgaleh%3BKoehler%2C+Kathleen+M%3BWolyniak%2C+Cecilia%3BKlontz%2C+Karl+C&rft.aulast=Timbo&rft.aufirst=Babgaleh&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1806&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Routine vitamin supplementation to prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease. AN - 66799614; 15317443 JF - American family physician AU - Guirguis-Blake, Janelle AD - US Preventive Services Task Force, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Primary Care, Prevention, and Clinical Partnerships, USA. Y1 - 2004/08/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 01 SP - 559 EP - 560 VL - 70 IS - 3 SN - 0002-838X, 0002-838X KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Vitamins KW - beta Carotene KW - 01YAE03M7J KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Antioxidants -- adverse effects KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - beta Carotene -- adverse effects KW - Smoking -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Vitamins -- therapeutic use KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66799614?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+family+physician&rft.atitle=Routine+vitamin+supplementation+to+prevent+cancer+and+cardiovascular+disease.&rft.au=Guirguis-Blake%2C+Janelle&rft.aulast=Guirguis-Blake&rft.aufirst=Janelle&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+family+physician&rft.issn=0002838X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire fighter fatalities 1998-2001: overview with an emphasis on structure related traumatic fatalities. AN - 66792416; 15314049 AB - To review the causes of all fire fighter line-of-duty-deaths from 1998 through 2001, and present recommendations for preventing fatalities within the specific subgroup of structure related events. Fire fighter fatality data from the United States Fire Administration were reviewed and classified into three main categories of injury. Investigations conducted through the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation and Prevention Program provided the basis for the recommendations presented in this paper. During the time period from 1998-2001, there were 410 line-of-duty deaths among fire fighters in the United States, excluding the 343 fire fighters who died at the World Trade Center on 11 September 2001. The 410 fatalities included 191 medical (non-traumatic) deaths (47%), 75 motor vehicle related fatalities (18%), and 144 other traumatic fatalities (35%). The latter group included 68 fatalities that were associated with structures which commonly involved structural collapse, rapid fire progression, and trapped fire fighters. Structural fires pose particular hazards to fire fighters. Additional efforts must be directed to more effectively use what we have learned through the NIOSH investigations and recommendations from published experts in the safety community, consensus standards, and national fire safety organizations to reduce fire fighter fatalities during structural fire fighting. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Hodous, T K AU - Pizatella, T J AU - Braddee, R AU - Castillo, D N AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 222 EP - 226 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Accidents, Traffic -- mortality KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Accidental Falls -- mortality KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Burns -- mortality KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Emergencies KW - Asphyxia -- mortality KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Fires KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66792416?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Fire+fighter+fatalities+1998-2001%3A+overview+with+an+emphasis+on+structure+related+traumatic+fatalities.&rft.au=Hodous%2C+T+K%3BPizatella%2C+T+J%3BBraddee%2C+R%3BCastillo%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Hodous&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=222&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Ind Med. 1997 Apr;31(4):459-67 [9093662] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of a "best practices" musculoskeletal injury prevention program in nursing homes. AN - 66791236; 15314046 AB - To conduct an intervention trial of a "best practices" musculoskeletal injury prevention program designed to safely lift physically dependent nursing home residents. A pre-post intervention trial and cost benefit analysis at six nursing homes from January 1995 through December 2000. The intervention was established in January 1998 and injury rates, injury related costs and benefits, and severity are compared for 36 months pre-intervention and 36 months post-intervention. A dynamic cohort of all nursing staff (n = 1728) in six nursing homes during a six year study period. "Best practices" musculoskeletal injury prevention program consisting of mechanical lifts and repositioning aids, a zero lift policy, and employee training on lift usage. Injury incidence rates, workers' compensation costs, lost work day injury rates, restricted work day rates, and resident assaults on caregivers, annually from January 1995 through December 2000. There was a significant reduction in resident handling injury incidence, workers' compensation costs, and lost workday injuries after the intervention. Adjusted rate ratios were 0.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.29 to 0.55) for workers' compensation claims, 0.54 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.73) for Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 200 logs, and 0.65 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.86) for first reports of employee injury. The initial investment of $158 556 for lifting equipment and worker training was recovered in less than three years based on post-intervention savings of $55 000 annually in workers' compensation costs. The rate of post-intervention assaults on caregivers during resident transfers was down 72%, 50%, and 30% based on workers' compensation, OSHA, and first reports of injury data, respectively. The "best practices" prevention program significantly reduced injuries for full time and part time nurses in all age groups, all lengths of experience in all study sites. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Collins, J W AU - Wolf, L AU - Bell, J AU - Evanoff, B AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. JCollins@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 206 EP - 211 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Workers' Compensation -- economics KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Aged KW - Transportation of Patients -- methods KW - Violence KW - Sick Leave -- economics KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Program Evaluation KW - Lifting -- adverse effects KW - Female KW - Male KW - Back Injuries -- economics KW - Occupational Diseases -- economics KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Back Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Nursing Staff -- education KW - Nursing Homes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66791236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+a+%22best+practices%22+musculoskeletal+injury+prevention+program+in+nursing+homes.&rft.au=Collins%2C+J+W%3BWolf%2C+L%3BBell%2C+J%3BEvanoff%2C+B&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=206&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Ergon. 2000 Feb;31(1):35-44 [10709750] JAMA. 2000 Jun 14;283(22):2948-54 [10865272] AAOHN J. 2003 Mar;51(3):126-34 [12670100] Am J Ind Med. 2003 Nov;44(5):451-7 [14571508] Appl Ergon. 1999 Aug;30(4):285-94 [10416841] Ergonomics. 1992 Sep;35(9):979-95 [1387079] Ergonomics. 1992 Nov;35(11):1353-75 [1425566] Am J Ind Med. 1995 Nov;28(5):591-602 [8561169] Am J Ind Med. 1996 Apr;29(4):421-4 [8728153] Biometrics. 1983 Sep;39(3):665-74 [6652201] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury research at NOIRS 2003. AN - 66790991; 15314044 JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Howard, J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC 20201, USA. jhoward1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 195 EP - 196 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Humans KW - Research KW - Accident Prevention KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Accidents, Traffic -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- ethnology KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Wounds and Injuries -- ethnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66790991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+research+at+NOIRS+2003.&rft.au=Howard%2C+J&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A study of logger fatalities from 1992-2000. AN - 66790274; 15314053 AB - To determine if certain loggers are at increased risk of death during logging operations. Statistical analysis of 780 logger fatalities for a nine year period (1992-2000). The major findings are: (1) treefallers suffer nearly 63% of all fatalities, (2) the region where the fatality occurred and the size of the employer were not significant factors that contributed to a high percentage of treefaller fatalities, and (3) the Northeast and Midwest regions showed a higher percentage of fatalities compared with the South and West regions. Overall, the logger fatality rate for 1992-2000, compared with 1980-88 has decreased slightly; however, treefallers continue to be the group of loggers who suffer the highest fatality rate. JF - Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention AU - Scott, D F AD - NIOSH, Spokane Research Laboratory, Spokane, WA 99207, USA. dus3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 239 EP - 243 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Craniocerebral Trauma -- mortality KW - Aged KW - Cause of Death KW - Age Distribution KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Seasons KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Forestry -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66790274?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=A+study+of+logger+fatalities+from+1992-2000.&rft.au=Scott%2C+D+F&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+prevention+%3A+journal+of+the+International+Society+for+Child+and+Adolescent+Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Eur J Respir Dis. 1985 Apr;66(4):240-7 [4018177] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1997 Oct;58(10):747-51 [9342836] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1987 Feb;48(2):99-105 [3565274] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - US Food and Drug Administration approval of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride for management of postexposure inhalational anthrax. AN - 66781397; 15306995 AB - In August 2000, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro; Bayer) for management of postexposure inhalational anthrax. This was the first antimicrobial drug approved by the FDA for use in treating an infection due to a biological agent used intentionally. The terrorist attacks of 2001 involving anthrax underscore the imperative that safe and effective drugs to manage such infections be readily available in the United States. The approval of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, which was made on the basis of a surrogate human marker of efficacy, made extensive use of data from an animal model of disease. This represents a new direction in the development of efficacy data in support of drug approval and facilitates the availability of those drugs for which there is an urgent need. This article presents the scientific data and regulatory mechanism that supported the approval of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride for management of postexposure of inhalational anthrax. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Meyerhoff, Andrea AU - Albrecht, Renata AU - Meyer, Joette M AU - Dionne, Peter AU - Higgins, Karen AU - Murphy, Dianne AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. am282@gunet.georgetown.edu Y1 - 2004/08/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 01 SP - 303 EP - 308 VL - 39 IS - 3 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - 5E8K9I0O4U KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Spores, Bacterial KW - Animals KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - Adult KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Child, Preschool KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Ciprofloxacin -- administration & dosage KW - Ciprofloxacin -- pharmacokinetics KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Ciprofloxacin -- therapeutic use KW - Ciprofloxacin -- adverse effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Anthrax -- drug therapy KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66781397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=US+Food+and+Drug+Administration+approval+of+ciprofloxacin+hydrochloride+for+management+of+postexposure+inhalational+anthrax.&rft.au=Meyerhoff%2C+Andrea%3BAlbrecht%2C+Renata%3BMeyer%2C+Joette+M%3BDionne%2C+Peter%3BHiggins%2C+Karen%3BMurphy%2C+Dianne&rft.aulast=Meyerhoff&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=303&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Tuberculosis following the use of etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor. AN - 66780967; 15306993 AB - Infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist, is associated with tuberculosis (TB), but it is unknown whether this phenomenon is true of all TNF antagonists. We reviewed 25 cases of TB due to another TNF antagonist, etanercept, that were reported to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between November 1998 and March 2002. Such cases are sometimes incomplete and are subject to underreporting. Fifteen patients received other immunosuppressive medications. The median interval between the receipt of the first dose of etanercept and the diagnosis of TB was 11.5 months. Thirteen patients had extrapulmonary TB at the time of diagnosis. Diagnosis was made on the basis of culture results for 12 patients, biopsy findings for 9, and sputum staining for 4. There were 2 deaths, 1 of which was directly attributed to TB. The estimated number of TB cases reported to the FDA for each person-year of treatment with etanercept (i.e., the "reporting rate") among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was ~10 cases/100,000 patient-years of exposure. Clinicians considering etanercept for patients with RA should be alert to the possibility of the occurrence of TB, sometimes with an unusual extrapulmonary presentation. It is unclear whether etanercept therapy increases the risk of TB beyond the elevated TB rates already documented for patients with RA. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Mohan, Aparna K AU - Coté, Timothy R AU - Block, Joel A AU - Manadan, Augustine M AU - Siegel, Jeffrey N AU - Braun, M Miles AD - Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. mohan@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/08/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 01 SP - 295 EP - 299 VL - 39 IS - 3 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Immunosuppressive Agents KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Infliximab KW - B72HH48FLU KW - Etanercept KW - OP401G7OJC KW - Index Medicus KW - Arthritis, Rheumatoid -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Risk KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor -- therapeutic use KW - Middle Aged KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- adverse effects KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Tuberculin Test KW - Male KW - Female KW - Arthritis, Rheumatoid -- complications KW - Immunoglobulin G -- adverse effects KW - Tuberculosis -- etiology KW - Tuberculosis -- chemically induced KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Tuberculosis -- epidemiology KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Immunoglobulin G -- therapeutic use KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66780967?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Tuberculosis+following+the+use+of+etanercept%2C+a+tumor+necrosis+factor+inhibitor.&rft.au=Mohan%2C+Aparna+K%3BCot%C3%A9%2C+Timothy+R%3BBlock%2C+Joel+A%3BManadan%2C+Augustine+M%3BSiegel%2C+Jeffrey+N%3BBraun%2C+M+Miles&rft.aulast=Mohan&rft.aufirst=Aparna&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Aug 1;39(3):300-2 [15306994] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nitric oxide accelerates interleukin-13 cytotoxin-mediated regression in head and neck cancer animal model. AN - 66772481; 15297430 AB - Receptors for interleukin-13 (IL-13R) are overexpressed on several types of solid cancers including gliobastoma, renal cell carcinoma, AIDS Kaposi's sarcoma, and head and neck cancer. Recombinant fusion proteins IL-13 cytotoxin (IL13-PE38QQR or IL13-PE38) have been developed to directly target IL-13R-expressing cancer cells. Although it has been found that IL-13 cytotoxin has a direct potent antitumor activity in vivo in nude mice models of human cancers, the involvement of indirect antitumor effecter molecules such as nitric oxide (NO) is unknown. To address this issue, we assessed the effect of NO inhibiter N(omega)-monomethyl-l-arginine on IL-13 cytotoxin-mediated cytotoxicity and NO2/NO3 production in HN12 head and neck cancer cells. In addition, antitumor effects and NO levels in HN12 and KCCT873 head and neck tumors xenografted s.c. in nude mice when treated with IL-13 cytotoxin were evaluated by tumor measurement, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry analyses. Pretreatment of animals with N(omega)-monomethyl-l-arginine significantly decreased the NO levels and IL-13 cytotoxin-mediated antitumor effects. In addition, depletion of macrophages, known to produce NO, also decreased antitumor activity of IL-13 cytotoxin. Based on these studies, we concluded that NO accelerates antitumor effect of IL-13 cytotoxin on head and neck tumor cells. Because IL-13 cytotoxin is currently being tested in the clinic for the treatment of patients with recurrent glioblastoma maltiforme, our current findings suggest maintaining macrophage and NO-producing cellular function for optimal therapeutic effect of this targeted agent. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/08/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 01 SP - 5264 EP - 5270 VL - 10 IS - 15 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Cytotoxins KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Exotoxins KW - IL13-PE38QQR KW - Immunotoxins KW - Interleukin-13 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - omega-N-Methylarginine KW - 27JT06E6GR KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Mice KW - Mice, Nude KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- chemistry KW - Neoplasm Transplantation KW - Blotting, Western KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - omega-N-Methylarginine -- pharmacology KW - Immunotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Macrophages -- metabolism KW - Cytotoxins -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-13 -- biosynthesis KW - Interleukin-13 -- metabolism KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Drug Synergism KW - Head and Neck Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Interleukin-13 -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66772481?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Nitric+oxide+accelerates+interleukin-13+cytotoxin-mediated+regression+in+head+and+neck+cancer+animal+model.&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+Koji%3BKawakami%2C+Mariko%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=Koji&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=5264&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic and urinary bladder cell proliferation. AN - 66751791; 15276422 AB - Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that a close association exists between the elevated levels of arsenic in drinking water and the incidence of certain cancers, including transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder. We have employed in vitro and in vivo models to examine the effects of sodium arsenite on the urinary bladder epithelium. Mice exposed to 0.01% sodium arsenite in drinking water demonstrated hyperproliferation of the bladder uroepithelium within 4 weeks after initiating treatment. This occurred in the absence of amorphous precipitates and was accompanied by the accumulation of trivalent arsenite (iAs(3+)), and to a lesser extent dimethylarsenic (DMA), arsenate (iAs(5+)), and monomethylarsenic (MMA) in bladder tissue. In contrast to the bladder, urinary secretion was primarily in the form of DMA and MMA. Arsenic-induced cell proliferation in the bladder epithelium was correlated with activation of the MAP kinase pathway, leading to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase activity, AP-1 activation, and expression of AP-1-associated genes involved in cell proliferation. Activation of the MAP kinase pathway involved both epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-dependent and -independent events, the latter involving Src activation. Studies summarized in this review suggest that arsenic accumulates in urinary bladder epithelium causing activation of specific signaling pathways that lead to chronic increased cell proliferation. This may play a non-epigenetic role in carcinogenesis by increasing the proliferation of initiated cells or increasing the mutational rate. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Luster, Michael I AU - Simeonova, Petia P AD - Inflammatory Disease Teams, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. mluster@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 01 SP - 419 EP - 423 VL - 198 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Arsenites KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Sodium Compounds KW - sodium arsenite KW - 48OVY2OC72 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases KW - EC 2.7.12.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Mice KW - Urinary Bladder -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- toxicity KW - Arsenites -- toxicity KW - Urinary Bladder -- enzymology KW - Sodium Compounds -- toxicity KW - Carcinoma, Transitional Cell -- chemically induced KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases -- metabolism KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Urinary Bladder -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66751791?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Arsenic+and+urinary+bladder+cell+proliferation.&rft.au=Luster%2C+Michael+I%3BSimeonova%2C+Petia+P&rft.aulast=Luster&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=198&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=419&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Smoking is an occupational hazard. AN - 66743252; 15273969 AB - Even though the prevalence of tobacco smoking has declined in the general population and among white-collar workers, the prevalence of tobacco smoking among blue-collar workers remains unacceptably high. Blue-collar workers experience greater exposure to workplace toxins which can add to, or even multiply, their risk of adverse health effects from tobacco smoking. Among blue-collar workers, workers in the restaurant, bar, and gaming industries are exposed to much higher levels of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) than are office workers, and are at increased risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases even if they are non-smokers themselves. The literature on health risks, and the disparity between white and blue collar workers in smoking prevalence, and the literature on various tobacco control strategies provide the sources on which this review is based. Over the past 20 years, the accumulating scientific evidence about smoking as an occupational hazard has prompted the implementation of various educational, economic, and legal tobacco control strategies. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Howard, John AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Washington, DC 20201, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 161 EP - 169 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Nicotine KW - 6M3C89ZY6R KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Social Class KW - Humans KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Workplace KW - Health Promotion KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Occupational Health KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Smoking -- economics KW - Smoking -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66743252?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Smoking+is+an+occupational+hazard.&rft.au=Howard%2C+John&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=161&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The association between HLA-DPB1Glu69 and chronic beryllium disease and beryllium sensitization. AN - 66742905; 15273960 AB - Several case-control studies have found an association between chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and HLA-DPB1 gene variants. However, the relationship between HLA-DPB1 and beryllium sensitization, and whether the presence of one or two HLA-DPB1(Glu69) alleles is differentially associated with CBD and beryllium sensitization have not been completely resolved. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to address these questions in a large population-based cohort consisting of 884 beryllium workers (90 with CBD, 64 beryllium sensitized). HLA-DPB1(Glu69) was associated with both CBD (OR = 9.4; 95% CI = 5.4, 16.6) and sensitization (OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.9, 5.9). Further, workers with CBD and sensitization were more likely to be homozygous HLA-DPB1(Glu69) compared to workers without disease or sensitization (P < 0.001). Follow-up of this cohort, scrutiny of HLA-DPB1 haplotypes, and evaluation of gene-environment and gene-gene interactions will be important for fully understanding the immunogenetic nature of this occupational disease. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - McCanlies, Erin C AU - Ensey, James S AU - Schuler, Christine R AU - Kreiss, Kathleen AU - Weston, Ainsley AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 95 EP - 103 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - HLA-DP Antigens KW - 0 KW - HLA-DP beta-Chains KW - HLA-DPB1 antigen KW - Glutamic Acid KW - 3KX376GY7L KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Alleles KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - Humans KW - Seroepidemiologic Studies KW - Chronic Disease KW - Glutamic Acid -- genetics KW - Berylliosis -- immunology KW - HLA-DP Antigens -- genetics KW - Berylliosis -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66742905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=The+association+between+HLA-DPB1Glu69+and+chronic+beryllium+disease+and+beryllium+sensitization.&rft.au=McCanlies%2C+Erin+C%3BEnsey%2C+James+S%3BSchuler%2C+Christine+R%3BKreiss%2C+Kathleen%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley&rft.aulast=McCanlies&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Airflow obstruction attributable to work in industry and occupation among U.S. race/ethnic groups: a study of NHANES III data. AN - 66742021; 15273964 AB - To estimate the fraction of airflow obstruction attributable to workplace exposure by U.S. race/ethnic group. U.S. population-based third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) data on 4,086 Caucasians, 2,774 African-Americans, and 2,568 Mexican-Americans, aged 30-75, were studied. Airflow obstruction was defined as FEV1/FVC<75% and FEV1<80% predicted. Weighted prevalence, and prevalence odds ratios (OR) adjusted for the effect of age, smoking status, pack-years, body mass index, education, and socio-economic status were estimated using SUDAAN software. Industries with the most cases of airflow obstruction attributable to workplace exposure include: armed forces; rubber, plastics, and leather manufacturing; utilities; textile mill manufacturing; health care; food products manufacturing; sales; construction; and agriculture. The fraction of cases with airflow obstruction associated with work in industry varied by race/ethnic group and was estimated as 22.2% (95% CI 9.1-33.4) among Caucasians, 23.4% (95% CI 2.2-40.0) among African-Americans, and 49.6% (32.1-62.6) among Mexican-Americans. This study found differences in the fraction of airflow obstruction cases associated with employment pattern among major U.S. race/ethnic population groups. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Hnizdo, Eva AU - Sullivan, Patricia A AU - Bang, Ki Moon AU - Wagner, Gregory AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. exh6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 126 EP - 135 VL - 46 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Spectrophotometry, Atomic KW - Occupations -- statistics & numerical data KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive -- ethnology KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- ethnology KW - African Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Mexican Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66742021?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Airflow+obstruction+attributable+to+work+in+industry+and+occupation+among+U.S.+race%2Fethnic+groups%3A+a+study+of+NHANES+III+data.&rft.au=Hnizdo%2C+Eva%3BSullivan%2C+Patricia+A%3BBang%2C+Ki+Moon%3BWagner%2C+Gregory&rft.aulast=Hnizdo&rft.aufirst=Eva&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=126&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Respirable coal dust particles modify cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) expression in rat alveolar cells. AN - 66724442; 15072980 AB - Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) metabolizes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke to DNA-binding reactive intermediates associated with carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic studies indicate that the majority of coal miners are smokers but have a lower risk of lung cancer than other smokers. We hypothesized that coal dust (CD) exposure modifies pulmonary carcinogenesis by altering CYP1A1 induction. Therefore, male Sprague Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with 2.5, 10, 20, or 40 mg CD/rat or vehicle (saline); and 11 d later, pulmonary CYP1A1 was induced by intraperitoneal injection of beta-naphthoflavone (BNF; 50 mg/kg). Fourteen days after CD exposure, CYP1A1 protein and activity were measured by Western blot and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, respectively. CYP1A1 and the alveolar type II markers, cytokeratins 8/18, were localized and quantified in lung sections by dual immunofluorescence with morphometry. The area of CYP1A1 expression in alveolar septa and alveolar type II cells in response to BNF was reduced by exposure to 20 or 40 mg CD compared with BNF alone. CD exposure significantly inhibited BNF-induced 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity in a dose-responsive manner. By Western blot, induction of CYP1A1 protein by BNF was significantly reduced by 40 mg CD compared with BNF alone. These findings indicate that CD decreases BNF-induced CYP1A1 protein expression and activity in the lung. JF - American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology AU - Ghanem, Mohamed M AU - Porter, Dale AU - Battelli, Lori A AU - Vallyathan, Val AU - Kashon, Michael L AU - Ma, Jane Y AU - Barger, Mark W AU - Nath, Joginder AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Hubbs, Ann F AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 171 EP - 183 VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 1044-1549, 1044-1549 KW - Coal KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Blotting, Western KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lung -- enzymology KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique KW - Male KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- enzymology KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 -- metabolism KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66724442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.atitle=Respirable+coal+dust+particles+modify+cytochrome+P4501A1+%28CYP1A1%29+expression+in+rat+alveolar+cells.&rft.au=Ghanem%2C+Mohamed+M%3BPorter%2C+Dale%3BBattelli%2C+Lori+A%3BVallyathan%2C+Val%3BKashon%2C+Michael+L%3BMa%2C+Jane+Y%3BBarger%2C+Mark+W%3BNath%2C+Joginder%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BHubbs%2C+Ann+F&rft.aulast=Ghanem&rft.aufirst=Mohamed&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.issn=10441549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of serum IgG antibodies to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen in environmental sampling workers using a fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay. AN - 66722049; 15258278 AB - To evaluate potential exposure to Bacillis anthracis (Ba) spores in sampling/decontamination workers in the aftermath of an anthrax terror attack. Fifty six serum samples were obtained from workers involved in environmental sampling for Ba spores at the American Media, Inc. (AMI) building in Boca Raton, FL after the anthrax attack there in October 2001. Nineteen sera were drawn from individuals both pre-entry and several weeks after entrance into the building. Nine sera each were drawn from unique individuals at the pre-entry and follow up blood draws. Thirteen donor control sera were also evaluated. Individuals were surveyed for Ba exposure by measurement of serum Ba anti-protective antigen (PA) specific IgG antibodies using a newly developed fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay (FCMIA). Four sera gave positive anti-PA IgG results (defined as anti-PA IgG concentrations > or = the mean microg/ml anti-PA IgG from donor control sera (n = 13 plus 2 SD which were also inhibited > or = 85% when the serum was pre-adsorbed with PA). The positive sera were the pre-entry and follow up samples of two workers who had received their last dose of anthrax vaccine in 2000. It appears that the sampling/decontamination workers of the present study either had insufficient exposure to Ba spores to cause the production of anti-PA IgG antibodies or they were exposed to anthrax spores without producing antibody. The FCMIA appears to be a fast, sensitive, accurate, and precise method for the measurement of anti-PA IgG antibodies. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Biagini, R E AU - Sammons, D L AU - Smith, J P AU - Page, E H AU - Snawder, J E AU - Striley, C A F AU - MacKenzie, B A AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, Biological Monitoring Laboratory Section, CDC/NIOSH MS C-26, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. rbiagini@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 703 EP - 708 VL - 61 IS - 8 KW - Antibodies, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Bacterial KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Index Medicus KW - Decontamination -- methods KW - Immunoassay -- methods KW - Fluorescence KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Florida KW - Microspheres KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Immunoglobulin G -- blood KW - Antibodies, Bacterial -- blood KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Antigens, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Bioterrorism KW - Bacillus anthracis -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66722049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Determination+of+serum+IgG+antibodies+to+Bacillus+anthracis+protective+antigen+in+environmental+sampling+workers+using+a+fluorescent+covalent+microsphere+immunoassay.&rft.au=Biagini%2C+R+E%3BSammons%2C+D+L%3BSmith%2C+J+P%3BPage%2C+E+H%3BSnawder%2C+J+E%3BStriley%2C+C+A+F%3BMacKenzie%2C+B+A&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=703&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=1470-7926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2002 May;9(3):633-8 [11986272] JAMA. 2002 May 1;287(17):2236-52 [11980524] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1029-34 [12396910] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1103-10 [12396924] JAMA. 2002 Dec 11;288(22):2853-8 [12472327] Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Jan;10(1):133-9 [12522051] J Clin Microbiol. 1984 Sep;20(3):357-61 [6436303] Med Microbiol Immunol. 1988;177(5):293-303 [3139974] J Infect Dis. 1993 May;167(5):1239-43 [8486963] Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1994 Jan;1(1):78-82 [7496927] Clin Chem. 1997 Sep;43(9):1799-801 [9299987] Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1999 Nov;6(6):832-7 [10548572] Biotechniques. 2001 Mar;30(3):661-6, 668-9 [11252801] Infect Immun. 2001 May;69(5):2888-93 [11292703] Hum Mutat. 2001 Apr;17(4):305-16 [11295829] Microbiology. 2001 Jun;147(Pt 6):1677-85 [11390699] Genome Res. 2001 Nov;11(11):1888-98 [11691854] N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 29;345(22):1607-10 [11704685] Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2002 Jan;9(1):41-5 [11777827] Lancet. 2002 Feb 23;359(9307):710-1 [11879895] Am J Clin Pathol. 2002 Apr;117(4):589-96 [11939734] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2002 Apr;68(4):470-7 [12069049] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nivalenol, a main Fusarium toxin in dietary foods from high-risk areas of cancer of esophagus and gastric cardia in China, induced benign and malignant tumors in mice. AN - 66713887; 15254715 AB - This is the first report that a Fusarium toxin nivalenol (NIV) naturally existing at high levels in dietary food in high-risk areas of cancer of esophagus and gastric cardia in China induced benign and malignant tumors in mice. The levels of two Fusarium toxins, nivalenol and deoxynivalenol (DON) were quantitated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in a total of 97 samples of dietary wheat flour, barley and corn collected from families in two areas with high mortality rate of cancer of esophagus and gastric cardia (132/100,000), Linxian, Henan province and Cixiang, Hepei province, China. The mean level of NIV and DON in three dietary foods was 830+/-927 microg/kg (range 584-1,780 microg/kg) and 4,281+/-6,114 microg/kg (range 732-10,980 microg/kg) respectively. The highest mean level of NIV was 1,780+/-1,705 microg/kg found in barley from Linxian, that of DON was 10,980+/-10,139 microg/kg found in corn from Cixiang. NIV was undetectable in 2 samples of rice from USA. The mean levels of NIV in three main dietary foods in those two high-risk areas were estimated at 400 to 800-fold higher than that in the USA, where NIV was undetectable in dietary food, and the mortality rate of esophageal cancer is <5/100,000 in white Caucasians in the USA, (odds ratio was estimated at 17-34, p<0.000005). These data suggest that Linxian and Cixiang peasants who consumed a diet with high NIV had significantly higher risk for developing esophageal cancer than the US residents who consumed food without or with negligible amounts of NIV. Three repeated experiments were performed using Balb/C mice with inter-mittent application of NIV, alternate with 12-Tetradeconoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) application on skin. Papillomas and carcinomas developed in a total of 23/49 (47%) mice that survived 11-60 weeks of experiments. Among all the tumors, 4 carcinomas in 3 mice were identified. No tumors were found in the 60 control mice applying either TPA or acetone (solvent) only on skin. JF - Oncology reports AU - Hsia, Chu Chieh AU - Wu, Ze Yuan AU - Li, Yun Sian AU - Zhang, Fan AU - Sun, Zong Tang AD - Laboratory of Hepatitis and Related Emerging Agents, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD, USA. hsia@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 449 EP - 456 VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1021-335X, 1021-335X KW - Mycotoxins KW - 0 KW - Trichothecenes KW - nivalenol KW - 5WOP02RM1U KW - deoxynivalenol KW - JT37HYP23V KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Temperature KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Carcinoma KW - Animal Feed KW - Chromosome Aberrations KW - Mycotoxins -- chemistry KW - Zea mays -- metabolism KW - Papilloma KW - Hordeum -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Flour KW - Male KW - Esophageal Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Fusarium -- metabolism KW - Trichothecenes -- pharmacology KW - Stomach Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Cardia -- pathology KW - Diet UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66713887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncology+reports&rft.atitle=Nivalenol%2C+a+main+Fusarium+toxin+in+dietary+foods+from+high-risk+areas+of+cancer+of+esophagus+and+gastric+cardia+in+China%2C+induced+benign+and+malignant+tumors+in+mice.&rft.au=Hsia%2C+Chu+Chieh%3BWu%2C+Ze+Yuan%3BLi%2C+Yun+Sian%3BZhang%2C+Fan%3BSun%2C+Zong+Tang&rft.aulast=Hsia&rft.aufirst=Chu&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=449&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oncology+reports&rft.issn=1021335X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Noise exposure and hearing loss among sand and gravel miners. AN - 66688049; 15238306 AB - The objectives of this study were to describe workplace noise exposures, risk factors for hearing loss, and hearing levels among sand and gravel miners, and to determine whether full shift noise exposures resulted in changes in hearing thresholds from baseline values. Sand and gravel miners (n = 317) were interviewed regarding medical history, leisure-time and occupational noise exposure, other occupational exposures, and use of hearing protection. Audiometric tests were performed both before the work shift (following a 12-hour noise-free interval) and immediately following the work shift. Full shift noise dosimetry was conducted. Miners' noise exposures exceeded the Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for 69% of workers, and exceeded the Mine Safety and Health Administration's action level for enrollment in a hearing conservation program for 41% of workers. Significantly higher noise exposures occurred among employees of small companies, among workers with a job classification of truck driver, among males, and among black workers. Hearing protection usage was low, with 48% of subjects reporting that they never used hearing protection. Hearing impairment, as defined by NIOSH, was present among 37% of 275 subjects with valid audiograms. Black male workers and white male workers had higher hearing thresholds than males from a comparison North Carolina population unexposed to industrial noise. Small but statistically significant changes in hearing thresholds occurred following full shift noise exposure among subjects who had good hearing sensitivity at baseline. In a logistic regression model, age and history of a past noisy job were significant predictors of hearing impairment. Overall, sand and gravel workers have excessive noise exposures and significant hearing loss, and demonstrate inadequate use of hearing protection. Well-designed hearing conservation programs, with reduction of noise exposure, are clearly needed. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Landen, Deborah AU - Wilkins, Steve AU - Stephenson, Mark AU - McWilliams, Linda AD - Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15236, USA. dlanden@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - August 2004 SP - 532 EP - 541 VL - 1 IS - 8 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Regression Analysis KW - Reference Values KW - Personnel Staffing and Scheduling KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Job Description KW - Middle Aged KW - Workplace KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Noise, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Mining KW - Hearing Loss -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66688049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Noise+exposure+and+hearing+loss+among+sand+and+gravel+miners.&rft.au=Landen%2C+Deborah%3BWilkins%2C+Steve%3BStephenson%2C+Mark%3BMcWilliams%2C+Linda&rft.aulast=Landen&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=532&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A population-based study of vaginal human papillomavirus infection in hysterectomized women. AN - 66687159; 15243917 AB - We compared point prevalences and determinants of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection by testing enrollment vaginal specimens from hysterectomized women (n=569) and enrollment cervical specimens from nonhysterectomized women (n=6098) >or=30 years old, using MY09/MY11 L1 consensus-primer polymerase chain reaction. The subjects were participating in a population-based cohort study (n=10,049) in Guanacaste, Costa Rica, that was initiated in 1993. Non-cancer-associated HPV types, especially types 61, 71, and 72, were detected more frequently in the vaginal specimens from hysterectomized women (23.7% [95% confidence interval [CI], 20.3%-27.4%]) than in the cervical specimens from nonhysterectomized women (16.7% [95% CI, 15.7%-17.6%]) (P=.0001). There was no difference between the prevalences of cancer-associated HPV types in hysterectomized women and those in nonhysterectomized women; in both groups, the prevalence of HPV DNA was greater in women with multiple lifetime sex partners. We infer from our data that the cervical transformation zone may not be needed for cancer-associated HPV infection but may be uniquely susceptible to HPV-induced carcinogenesis; we also infer that specific phylogenetic groups of HPV (i.e., A3/A4/A15) may have a predilection for vaginal epithelium. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Castle, Philip E AU - Schiffman, Mark AU - Bratti, M Concepcion AU - Hildesheim, Allan AU - Herrero, Rolando AU - Hutchinson, Martha L AU - Rodriguez, Ana Cecilia AU - Wacholder, Sholom AU - Sherman, Mark E AU - Kendall, Hortense AU - Viscidi, Raphael P AU - Jeronimo, Jose AU - Schussler, John E AU - Burk, Robert D AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7234, USA. castlep@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/08/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Aug 01 SP - 458 EP - 467 VL - 190 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - DNA, Viral KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Antibodies, Viral -- blood KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - DNA, Viral -- analysis KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Vagina -- virology KW - Cervix Uteri -- virology KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- virology KW - Prevalence KW - Vaginal Diseases -- virology KW - Papillomavirus Infections -- epidemiology KW - Vaginal Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Papillomaviridae -- classification KW - Hysterectomy KW - Papillomaviridae -- isolation & purification KW - Papillomavirus Infections -- virology KW - Papillomaviridae -- genetics KW - Papillomaviridae -- immunology KW - Population Surveillance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66687159?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=A+population-based+study+of+vaginal+human+papillomavirus+infection+in+hysterectomized+women.&rft.au=Castle%2C+Philip+E%3BSchiffman%2C+Mark%3BBratti%2C+M+Concepcion%3BHildesheim%2C+Allan%3BHerrero%2C+Rolando%3BHutchinson%2C+Martha+L%3BRodriguez%2C+Ana+Cecilia%3BWacholder%2C+Sholom%3BSherman%2C+Mark+E%3BKendall%2C+Hortense%3BViscidi%2C+Raphael+P%3BJeronimo%2C+Jose%3BSchussler%2C+John+E%3BBurk%2C+Robert+D&rft.aulast=Castle&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=190&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=458&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Commentary: Multiple risk factors interventions Are we up to the challenge? AN - 20744385; 8790691 AB - Abstract not available. JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine AU - Atkins, David AU - Clancy, Carolyn AD - Center for Outcomes and Evidence (Atkins), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland, USA, datkins@ahrq.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 102 EP - 103 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0749-3797, 0749-3797 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - intervention KW - R2 23010:General: Models, forecasting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20744385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Commentary%3A+Multiple+risk+factors+interventions+Are+we+up+to+the+challenge%3F&rft.au=Atkins%2C+David%3BClancy%2C+Carolyn&rft.aulast=Atkins&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=102&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.issn=07493797&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2004.04.016 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - intervention DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.04.016 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Field Method for Near Real-Time Analysis of Perchloroethylene in End-Exhaled Breath AN - 18029911; 5982122 AB - The field method for near real-time analysis of perchloroethylene (Perc) in breath is simple, fast, and reproducible for Perc breath analysis in field settings and should prove useful in industrial hygiene practice. The method allows Perc monitoring with good specificity to the sub-part per million (ppm) level within minutes of exposure. A commercially available, portable gas chromatograph with a photoionization detector was used in these analyses. Gas chromatograph settings were optimized in the laboratory for measurement of Perc in Tedlar bags. Laboratory development of the method included evaluation of the sensitivity, specificity, precision, and speed of analysis for Perc. Replicate aliquots of Perc at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 ppm were used to construct a calibration curve. The mean retention time for Perc was 238 sec. The impact of potential interference by acetone, toluene, isoprene, methanol, ethanol, acetaldehyde, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, or chloroform was evaluated by mixing Perc with each compound and performing analyses. Measurements of Perc in human breath samples collected in Tedlar bags in a work-place setting were made and compared to measurements of the same samples made by an established analytical method using charcoal tubes (National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health [NIOSH] Method 1003). The accuracy, precision, and speed of the gas chromatograph method were determined. Measurements made with the new method were within a margin of plus or minus 8.8% (95% CI, n = 6) of measurements made according to NIOSH Method 1003 for field samples in the range of 0.9 to 6 ppm. Method precision was determined by calculating the pooled coefficient of variation for all measurements (replicates = 3) made in the field and was found to be 5.8%. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Sweet, N D AU - Burroughs, GE AU - Ewers, L AU - Talaska, G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, geb1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 515 EP - 520 VL - 1 IS - 8 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Charcoal KW - Acetaldehyde KW - Toluene KW - Methanol KW - Benzene KW - Perchloroethylene KW - Chloroform KW - Carbon tetrachloride KW - Gas chromatography KW - Isoprene KW - Acetone KW - Tetrachloroethylene KW - Occupational exposure KW - perchloroethylene KW - Ethanol KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18029911?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=A+Field+Method+for+Near+Real-Time+Analysis+of+Perchloroethylene+in+End-Exhaled+Breath&rft.au=Sweet%2C+N+D%3BBurroughs%2C+GE%3BEwers%2C+L%3BTalaska%2C+G&rft.aulast=Sweet&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=515&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490472921 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chloroform; Carbon tetrachloride; Gas chromatography; Toluene; Acetaldehyde; Methanol; Isoprene; Tetrachloroethylene; Acetone; perchloroethylene; Benzene; Ethanol; Charcoal; Occupational exposure; Perchloroethylene DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490472921 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Coliphage PR772 and Evaluation of Its Use for Virus Filter Performance Testing AN - 18015738; 5968399 AB - Virus filtration is a key clearance unit operation in the manufacture of recombinant protein, monoclonal antibody, and plasma-derived biopharmaceuticals. Recently, a consensus has developed among filter manufacturers and end users about the desirability of a common nomenclature and a standardized test for classifying and identifying virus-retentive filters. The Parenteral Drug Association virus filter task force has chosen PR772 as the model bacteriophage to standardize nomenclature for large-pore-size virus-retentive filters (filters designed to retain viruses larger than 50 to 60 nm in size). Previously, the coliphage PR772 (Tectiviridae family) has been used in some filtration studies as a surrogate for mammalian viruses of around 50 to 60 nm. In this report, we describe specific properties of PR772 critical to the support of its use for the standardization of virus filters. The complete genomic sequence of virulent phage PR772 was determined. Its genome contains 14,946 bp with an overall G+C content of 48.3 mol%, and 32 open reading frames of at least 40 codons. Comparison of the PR772 nucleotide sequence with the genome of Tectiviridae family prototype phage PRD1 revealed 97.2% identity at the DNA level. By dynamic light-scattering analysis, its hydrodynamic diameter was measured as 82 +/- 6 nm, consistent with use in testing large-virus-retentive filters. Finally, dynamic light-scattering analysis of PR772 preparations purified on CsCl gradients showed that the phage preparations are largely monodispersed. In summary, PR772 appears to be an appropriate model bacteriophage for standardization of nomenclature for larger-pore-size virus-retentive filters. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Lute, Scott AU - Aranha, Hazel AU - Tremblay, Denise AU - Liang, Dehai AU - Ackermann, Hans-W AU - Chu, Benjamin AU - Moineau, Sylvain AU - Brorson, Kurt AD - Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 4864 EP - 4871 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 70 IS - 8 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Filters KW - Standardization KW - Filtration KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Codons KW - phage PR772 KW - genomics KW - Open reading frames KW - V 22032:Viral proteins KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22022:Virus assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18015738?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Coliphage+PR772+and+Evaluation+of+Its+Use+for+Virus+Filter+Performance+Testing&rft.au=Lute%2C+Scott%3BAranha%2C+Hazel%3BTremblay%2C+Denise%3BLiang%2C+Dehai%3BAckermann%2C+Hans-W%3BChu%2C+Benjamin%3BMoineau%2C+Sylvain%3BBrorson%2C+Kurt&rft.aulast=Lute&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=4864&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; Standardization; Filtration; Nucleotide sequence; Codons; genomics; Open reading frames; phage PR772 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Herpes simplex virus type-2 specific glycoprotein G-2 immunomagnetically captured from HEp-2 infected tissue culture extracts AN - 18012102; 5958555 AB - Monoclonal antibody H1206 anti-HSV-2 gG-2 bound to tosylactivated paramagnetic Dynabeads super() (Dynal super()) has been used to isolate HSV-2 type-specific gG-2 from solubilized HEp-2 HSV-2 infected cell extracts. The immunomagnetically captured type-specific glycoprotein reacted strongly with monoclonal antibody H1206 and demonstrated a single band with apparent molecular weight of 100,000 (100kDa) and a doublet band with an apparent molecular weight of 60,000-64,000 (60-64kDa). We observed the same exact banding pattern when monoclonal H1206 was immunoblotted with Helix pomatia lectin purified HSV-2 gG-2. The immunomagnetically purified gG-2 was unreactive to monoclonal antibody H1379 anti-HSV-1 gG-1 and four human HSV antibody negative sera. In addition, 20 human HSV antibody positive sera obtained from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, GA, were used for the evaluation of our methodology. Immunoblotting of the human HSV antibody positive samples were in agreement with the CDC HSV serological designation. Sera characterized by reactivity to the immunomagnetically purified gG-2 in conjunction with Western blot has the potential to be used as a confirmatory serological test or to determine the accuracy of clinical serological immunoassays used to determine HSV-2 seropositivity. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Clavet, C R AU - Margolin, AB AU - Regan, P M AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center, Winchester, MA 01890, USA, cclavet@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 121 EP - 128 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 119 IS - 2 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Tissue culture KW - Herpes simplex virus 2 KW - glycoprotein G2 KW - Liver KW - Immunoassays KW - V 22023:Virus behavior in cell culture KW - A 01114:Viruses UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18012102?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=Herpes+simplex+virus+type-2+specific+glycoprotein+G-2+immunomagnetically+captured+from+HEp-2+infected+tissue+culture+extracts&rft.au=Clavet%2C+C+R%3BMargolin%2C+AB%3BRegan%2C+P+M&rft.aulast=Clavet&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jviromet.2004.03.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Herpes simplex virus 2; Tissue culture; glycoprotein G2; Monoclonal antibodies; Liver; Immunoassays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.03.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential for Internalization, Growth, and Survival of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Oranges AN - 17854753; 6119777 AB - Internalization potential, survival, and growth of human pathogens within oranges were investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Submerging oranges into dye solutions at various temperature differentials was used to assess internalization potential. Conditions in which dye internalization was observed were further studied by applying Escherichia coli O157: H7 or Salmonella onto the stem scar, subjecting the oranges to a temperature differential, juicing, and measuring numbers of pathogens in the resulting juice. Pathogens for growth and survival studies were applied to or injected into simulated peel punctures. Oranges with small peel holes of selected sizes were also placed into solutions containing these pathogens. Bacterial survival was also evaluated in orange juice at 4 and 24 degree C. Oranges internalized pathogens at a frequency of 2.5 to 3.0%, which mirrored dye internalization frequency (3.3%). Pathogens were internalized at an uptake level of 0.1 to 0.01% of the challenge applied. Bacteria grew within oranges at 24 degree C, but not at 4 degree C. Thirty-one percent of oranges with 0.91-mm surface holes showed pathogen uptake, whereas 2% of oranges with 0.68-mm holes showed pathogen uptake. Pathogens added to fresh orange juice and incubated at 24 degree C declined 1 log CFU/ml within 3 days. These results suggest that internalization, survival, and growth of human bacterial pathogens can occur within oranges intended for producing unpasteurized juice. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Eblen, BShawn AU - Walderhaug, Mark O AU - Edelson-Mammel, Sharon AU - Chirtel, Stuart J AU - de Jesus, Antonio AU - Merker, Robert I AU - Buchanan, Robert L AU - Miller, Arthur J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1578 EP - 1584 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 67 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - internalization KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Citrus KW - Temperature effects KW - Fruit juices KW - Growth KW - Dyes KW - Colony-forming cells KW - Escherichia coli KW - Juices KW - Survival KW - Salmonella KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17854753?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Potential+for+Internalization%2C+Growth%2C+and+Survival+of+Salmonella+and+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7+in+Oranges&rft.au=Eblen%2C+BShawn%3BWalderhaug%2C+Mark+O%3BEdelson-Mammel%2C+Sharon%3BChirtel%2C+Stuart+J%3Bde+Jesus%2C+Antonio%3BMerker%2C+Robert+I%3BBuchanan%2C+Robert+L%3BMiller%2C+Arthur+J&rft.aulast=Eblen&rft.aufirst=BShawn&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1578&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Fruit juices; Growth; Dyes; Colony-forming cells; Juices; Survival; Citrus; Escherichia coli; Salmonella ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey, characterization and susceptibility to fusidic acid of Staphylococcus aureus in the Carmarthen area AN - 17789352; 5969141 AB - OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study was designed to investigate the possible reasons for an apparent increase in fusidic acid resistance among Staphylococcus aureus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Datastore records of the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, Wales, UK were reviewed in conjunction with information concerning the prescribing of fusidic acid. RESULTS: During the 5 year study period (1997-2001), a rise in the incidence of fusidic acid resistance was noted, particularly among paediatric patients presenting with infected eczema and impetigo, which may be related to the observed increase in prescriptions of topical fusidic acid. Extended phenotypic and genotypic characterization of a limited number (n=31) of isolates from 2002 showed that fusidic acid-resistant strains of S. aureus were typically from patients with impetigo and isolates fell into a single clonal group. Conversely, isolates from other skin disease (eczema, dermatitis and abscesses) were usually susceptible to fusidic acid and proved a diverse group. CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable data on the prevalence of fusidic acid-resistant S. aureus, the genetic background of the strains, and their association with clinical disease in both the healthcare environment and community setting in the catchment area served by the Laboratory. JF - Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy AU - El-Zimaity, D AU - Kearns, A M AU - Dawson, S J AU - Price, S AU - Harrison, GAJ AD - Microbiology Carmarthenshire, National Public Health Service for Wales, West Wales General Hospital, Carmarthen SA31 2AF Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 441 EP - 446 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 54 IS - 2 SN - 0305-7453, 0305-7453 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Skin diseases KW - Catchment areas KW - Pediatrics KW - Fusidic acid KW - Impetigo KW - Eczema KW - Abscesses KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - Dermatitis KW - J 02843:Skin KW - J 02812:Antibacterial Agents: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17789352?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Survey%2C+characterization+and+susceptibility+to+fusidic+acid+of+Staphylococcus+aureus+in+the+Carmarthen+area&rft.au=El-Zimaity%2C+D%3BKearns%2C+A+M%3BDawson%2C+S+J%3BPrice%2C+S%3BHarrison%2C+GAJ&rft.aulast=El-Zimaity&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=03057453&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Staphylococcus aureus; Fusidic acid; Impetigo; Eczema; Abscesses; Pediatrics; Dermatitis; Catchment areas; Skin diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lessons from Kitty Hawk: From feasibility to routine clinical use for the field of proteomic pattern diagnostics AN - 17742066; 6020577 AB - Proteomic pattern diagnostics is a rapidly evolving field of science. Despite the increasingly large number of laboratories reporting exciting success with this concept, recent speculation concerning reproducibility and the nature and identities of the information content of the pattern constituents have served to defocus and polarize the community. These controversies will be rendered obsolete as the field accelerates into a new realm of clinical diagnostics. This new era will see the currently dry biomarker pipeline flooded with new candidate molecules, and the mass spectrometer will continue its maturation into a dominant clinical platform. We reflect on the important lessons gleaned from the Wright brothers' attempts at controlled heavier-than-air flight as a model for perseverance and a view to the very near future for proteomic pattern diagnostics. JF - Proteomics AU - Petricoin, E F AU - Fishman, DA AU - Conrads, T P AU - Veenstra, T D AU - Liotta, LA AD - Bldg. 29A, Room 2D12, 8800 Rockville Pike, CBER, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, petricoin@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 2357 EP - 2360 VL - 4 IS - 8 SN - 1615-9853, 1615-9853 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Diagnosis KW - Reviews KW - Laboratories KW - proteomics KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - W3 33135:Diagnosis: Other KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17742066?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proteomics&rft.atitle=Lessons+from+Kitty+Hawk%3A+From+feasibility+to+routine+clinical+use+for+the+field+of+proteomic+pattern+diagnostics&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+E+F%3BFishman%2C+DA%3BConrads%2C+T+P%3BVeenstra%2C+T+D%3BLiotta%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proteomics&rft.issn=16159853&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpmic.200400865 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Laboratories; Diagnosis; Reviews; proteomics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200400865 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Overweight among Inner City Hispanic-American Children and Adolescents AN - 17712913; 6024873 AB - OBJECTIVE: National surveys have pointed to a particularly high risk of pediatric overweight among U.S. Hispanics. However, the data have been primarily from the Mexican-American community. We studied the prevalence of overweight and clinical comorbidities in children and youth of predominantly El Salvadoran ancestry. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A sample of 309 Hispanic youth, 6-18 years was surveyed from two inner city Washington, DC, clinics. BMI; triceps skinfold (TSF) and subscapular skinfold thickness (SSSF); bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA); and blood pressure measures were obtained, along with information regarding physical activity, sedentary behavior, dietary history, family, and personal medical history. RESULTS: Thirty-eight percent were overweight (BMI => 95th percentile) and 22% at risk for overweight (BMI 85-94th percentile). Thirty-four percent had TSF => 90th percentile and 29% had SSSF => 90th percentile. Fifty-one percent of males and 70% of females had body fat > 30%. Compared to their nonoverweight counterparts, overweight youth had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (111.4 +/- 1.3 vs. 104.5 +/- 0.9 mm Hg, p < 0.0001). Among children younger than 11 years, overweight was associated with onset of adrenarche (23% vs. 10%, p = 0.01). Participation in one or more sports teams was negatively correlated with overweight) p = 0.04). DISCUSSION: The prevalence of overweight and at risk for overweight in this sample was twice the national average for U.S. children and 1.7 times greater than that of Mexican-American children in national surveys. Overweight was associated with advanced pubertal development, high body fat, elevated blood pressure, and decreased sports participation. JF - Obesity Research AU - Mirza, Nazrat M AU - Kadow, Kathleen AU - Palmer, Matilde AU - Solano, Heidi AU - Rosche, Claire AU - Yanovski, Jack A AD - Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC. Unit on Growth and Obesity, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland. Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 1298 EP - 1310 PB - North American Association for the Study of Obesity, 1090 Amsterdam Ave., Ste. 14K New York NY 10025 USA, [mailto:helener@mindspring.com], [URL:http://www.naaso.org] VL - 12 IS - 8 SN - 1071-7323, 1071-7323 KW - Hispanics KW - Risk Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - Obesity KW - Physical activity KW - Adolescence KW - Surveys KW - Children KW - Blood pressure KW - Sports (participation) KW - Ethnic groups KW - Adolescents KW - Urban areas KW - Urban environment KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17712913?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Obesity+Research&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Overweight+among+Inner+City+Hispanic-American+Children+and+Adolescents&rft.au=Mirza%2C+Nazrat+M%3BKadow%2C+Kathleen%3BPalmer%2C+Matilde%3BSolano%2C+Heidi%3BRosche%2C+Claire%3BYanovski%2C+Jack+A&rft.aulast=Mirza&rft.aufirst=Nazrat&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1298&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Obesity+Research&rft.issn=10717323&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Obesity; Children; Adolescence; Blood pressure; Sports (participation); Urban environment; Surveys; Urban areas; Adolescents; Ethnic groups; Physical activity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Consensus Action Agenda for Achieving the National Health Information Infrastructure AN - 17682833; 5949517 AB - BACKGROUND: Improving the safety, quality, and efficiency of health care will require immediate and ubiquitous access to complete patient information and decision support provided through a National Health Information Infrastructure (NHII). METHODS: To help define the action steps needed to achieve an NHII, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services sponsored a national consensus conference in July 2003. RESULTS: Attendees favored a public-private coordination group to guide NHII activities, provide education, share resources, and monitor relevant metrics to mark progress. They identified financial incentives, health information standards, and overcoming a few important legal obstacles as key NHII enablers. Community and regional implementation projects, including consumer access to a personal health record, were seen as necessary to demonstrate comprehensive functional systems that can serve as models for the entire nation. Finally, the participants identified the need for increased funding for research on the impact of health information technology on patient safety and quality of care. Individuals, organizations, and federal agencies are using these consensus recommendations to guide NHII efforts. JF - Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association AU - Yasnoff, William A AU - Humphreys, Betsy L AU - Overhage, JMarc AU - Detmer, Don E AU - Brennan, Patricia Flatley AU - Morris, Richard W AU - Middleton, Blackford AU - Bates, David W AU - Fanning, John P AD - Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC (WAY, JPF) Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 332 EP - 338 PB - American Medical Informatics Association, 4915 St. Elmo Ave. Suite 401 Bethesda MD 20814 USA, [mailto:mail@mail.amia.org], [URL:http://www.amia.org] VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1067-5027, 1067-5027 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 140:Bioinformatics & Computers in Health & Medicine KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17682833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Informatics+Association&rft.atitle=A+Consensus+Action+Agenda+for+Achieving+the+National+Health+Information+Infrastructure&rft.au=Yasnoff%2C+William+A%3BHumphreys%2C+Betsy+L%3BOverhage%2C+JMarc%3BDetmer%2C+Don+E%3BBrennan%2C+Patricia+Flatley%3BMorris%2C+Richard+W%3BMiddleton%2C+Blackford%3BBates%2C+David+W%3BFanning%2C+John+P&rft.aulast=Yasnoff&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=332&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Informatics+Association&rft.issn=10675027&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biodynamic Response of Human Fingers in a Power Grip Subjected to a Random Vibration AN - 17387758; 6486426 AB - Background. Knowledge of the biodynamic response (BR) of the human hand-arm system is an important part of the foundation for the measurement and assessment of hand-transmitted vibration exposure. This study investigated the BR of human fingers in a power grip subjected to a random vibration. Method. Ten male subjects were used in the experiment. Each subject applied three coupling actions to a simulated tool handle at three different finger grip force levels. Results and Conclusions. The BR is practically independent of the hand coupling actions for frequencies at or above 100 Hz. Above 50 Hz, the BR is correlated to finger and hand sizes. Increasing the finger coupling force significantly increases the BR. Therefore, hand forces should be measured and used when assessing hand-transmitted vibration exposure. The results also show that under a constant-velocity vibration, the finger vibration power absorption at frequencies above 200 Hz is approximately twice that at frequencies below 100 Hz. This suggests that the frequency weighting specified in the current ISO 5349-1 (2001) may underestimate the high frequency effect on vibration-induced finger disorders. JF - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, Transactions of the ASME AU - Dong, R G AU - Welcome, DE AU - McDowell, T W AU - Wu, J Z AD - Engineering & Control Technology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA Y1 - 2004/08// PY - 2004 DA - Aug 2004 SP - 447 EP - 457 VL - 126 IS - 4 SN - 0148-0731, 0148-0731 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Vibrations KW - Hand KW - Biomechanics KW - Finger KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17387758?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomechanical+Engineering%2C+Transactions+of+the+ASME&rft.atitle=Biodynamic+Response+of+Human+Fingers+in+a+Power+Grip+Subjected+to+a+Random+Vibration&rft.au=Dong%2C+R+G%3BWelcome%2C+DE%3BMcDowell%2C+T+W%3BWu%2C+J+Z&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-08-01&rft.volume=126&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=447&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomechanical+Engineering%2C+Transactions+of+the+ASME&rft.issn=01480731&rft_id=info:doi/10.1115%2F1.1784479 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Finger; Vibrations; Hand; Biomechanics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1784479 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunological and hematological effects observed in B6C3F1 mice exposed to JP-8 jet fuel for 14 days AN - 18035935; 5989629 AB - JP-8 is the primary jet fuel used by the U.S. Air Force and NATO allies. Exposure is likely to be widespread and to include both military and aviation industry personnel as well as residents living near fuel contaminated sites. This study examines the effects of JP-8 on humoral and cell-mediated and hematological parameters. A suite of immunotoxicological endpoints was evaluated in adult female B6C3F1 mice gavaged with JP-8 (in an olive oil carrier) ranging from 250-2500 mg/kg/d for 14 d. One day following the last exposure, significant increases in liver mass were detected beginning at exposure levels of 1000 mg/kg/d, while thymic mass was decreased at exposure levels of 1500 mg/kg/d and above. Decreases in thymic cellularity, however, were only observed at exposure levels of 2000 mg/kg/d and above. Mean corpuscular volume was increased (1500-2500 mg/kg/d), while the hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and red blood cell count were decreased only at the 2500 mg/kg/d exposure level. Natural killer cell (NK) activity and T-and B-cell proliferation were not altered. Decreases in the plaque-forming cell (PFC) response were dose responsive at levels of 500 mg/kg/d and greater, while unexpectedly, serum levels of anti-SRBC immunoglobulin M (IgM) were not altered. Alterations were detected in thymic and splenic CD4/8 subpopulations, and proliferative responses of bone marrow progenitor cells were enhanced in mice exposed to 2000 mg/kg/d of JP-8. This study establishes that humoral immune function is impaired with lower exposure levels of JP-8 than are required to affect primary and secondary immune organ weights and cellularities, CD4/8 subpopulations, and hematological endpoints. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Keil, DE AU - Dudley, A C AU - EuDaly, J G AU - Dempsey, J AU - Butterworth, L AU - Gilkeson, G S AU - Peden-Adams, M M AD - NIOSH, OD/AIG, M/S L1119, 1095 Willowdale Drive, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, dkeil@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 23 SP - 1109 EP - 1129 VL - 67 IS - 14 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Immunotoxicity KW - Dose-response effects KW - Immune system KW - Proliferation KW - Hematology KW - Immune response KW - Immunoglobulin M KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18035935?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Immunological+and+hematological+effects+observed+in+B6C3F1+mice+exposed+to+JP-8+jet+fuel+for+14+days&rft.au=Keil%2C+DE%3BDudley%2C+A+C%3BEuDaly%2C+J+G%3BDempsey%2C+J%3BButterworth%2C+L%3BGilkeson%2C+G+S%3BPeden-Adams%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Keil&rft.aufirst=DE&rft.date=2004-07-23&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390490452335 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Immunotoxicity; Immune system; Dose-response effects; Proliferation; Hematology; Immune response; Immunoglobulin M DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390490452335 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and 32P-postlabeling analyses of tamoxifen-DNA adducts in humans. AN - 66726743; 15265972 AB - Although the nonsteroidal antiestrogen tamoxifen is used as an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent to treat hormone-dependent breast cancer and as a chemopreventive agent in women with elevated risk of breast cancer, it has also been reported to increase the risk of endometrial cancer. Reports of low levels of tamoxifen-DNA adducts in human endometrial tissue have suggested that tamoxifen induces endometrial cancer by a genotoxic mechanism. However, these findings have been controversial. We used electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ES-MS/MS) and 32P-postlabeling analyses to investigate the presence of tamoxifen-DNA adducts in human endometrial tissue. Endometrial DNA from eight tamoxifen-treated women and eight untreated women was hydrolyzed to nucleosides and assayed for (E)-alpha-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-tamoxifen (dG-Tam) and (E)-alpha-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-N-desmethyltamoxifen (dG-desMeTam), the two major tamoxifen-DNA adducts that have been reported to be present in humans and/or experimental animals treated with tamoxifen, using on-line sample preparation coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ES-MS/MS. The same DNA samples were assayed for the presence of dG-Tam and dG-desMeTam by (32)P-postlabeling methodology, using two different DNA digestion and labeling protocols, followed by both thin-layer chromatography and HPLC. We did not detect either tamoxifen-DNA adduct by HPLC-ES-MS/MS analyses (limits of detection for dG-Tam and dG-desMeTam were two adducts per 10(9) nucleotides and two adducts per 10(8) nucleotides, respectively) or by 32P-postlabeling analyses (limit of detection for both adducts was one adduct per 10(9) nucleotides) in any of the endometrial DNA samples. The initiation of endometrial cancer by tamoxifen is probably not due to a genotoxic mechanism involving the formation of dG-Tam or dG-desMeTam. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Beland, Frederick A AU - Churchwell, Mona I AU - Doerge, Daniel R AU - Parkin, Daniel R AU - Malejka-Giganti, Danuta AU - Hewer, Alan AU - Phillips, David H AU - Carmichael, Paul L AU - Gamboa da Costa, Gonçalo AU - Marques, M Matilde AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, HFT-110, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. fbeland@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 21 SP - 1099 EP - 1104 VL - 96 IS - 14 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Estrogen Receptor Modulators KW - Phosphorus Radioisotopes KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Radionuclide Imaging KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization KW - DNA Adducts -- isolation & purification KW - Estrogen Receptor Modulators -- adverse effects KW - Tamoxifen -- administration & dosage KW - Endometrial Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- administration & dosage KW - Estrogen Receptor Modulators -- metabolism KW - Tamoxifen -- adverse effects KW - Tamoxifen -- metabolism KW - Endometrial Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Estrogen Receptor Modulators -- administration & dosage KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- metabolism KW - Endometrial Neoplasms -- diagnostic imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66726743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Electrospray+ionization-tandem+mass+spectrometry+and+32P-postlabeling+analyses+of+tamoxifen-DNA+adducts+in+humans.&rft.au=Beland%2C+Frederick+A%3BChurchwell%2C+Mona+I%3BDoerge%2C+Daniel+R%3BParkin%2C+Daniel+R%3BMalejka-Giganti%2C+Danuta%3BHewer%2C+Alan%3BPhillips%2C+David+H%3BCarmichael%2C+Paul+L%3BGamboa+da+Costa%2C+Gon%C3%A7alo%3BMarques%2C+M+Matilde&rft.aulast=Beland&rft.aufirst=Frederick&rft.date=2004-07-21&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1099&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=1460-2105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-30 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genotoxicity of malachite green and leucomalachite green in female Big Blue B6C3F1 mice AN - 18016715; 5961505 AB - Malachite green, a triphenylmethane dye used in aquaculture as an antifungal agent, is rapidly reduced in vivo to leucomalachite green. Previous studies in which female B6C3F1 mice were fed malachite green produced relatively high levels of liver DNA adducts after 28 days, but no significant induction of liver tumors was detected in a 2-year feeding study. Comparable experiments conducted with leucomalachite green resulted in relatively low levels of liver DNA adducts but a dose-responsive induction of liver tumors. In the present study, we fed transgenic female Big Blue B6C3F1 mice with 450ppm malachite green and 204 and 408ppm leucomalachite green (the high doses used in the tumor bioassays) and evaluated genotoxicity after 4 and 16 weeks of treatment. Neither malachite green nor leucomalachite green increased the peripheral blood micronucleus frequency or Hprt lymphocyte mutant frequency at either time point; however, the 16-week treatment with 408ppm leucomalachite green did increase the liver cII mutant frequency. Similar increases in liver cII mutant frequency were not seen in the mice treated for 16 weeks with malachite green or in female Big Blue rats treated with a comparable dose of leucomalachite green for 16 weeks in a previous study [Mutat. Res. 547 (2004) 5]. These results indicate that leucomalachite green is an in vivo mutagen in transgenic female mouse liver and that the mutagenicities of malachite green and leucomalachite green correlate with their tumorigenicities in mice and rats. The lack of increased micronucleus frequencies and lymphocyte Hprt mutants in female mice treated with leucomalachite green suggests that its genotoxicity is targeted to the tissue at risk for tumor induction. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Mittelstaedt, R A AU - Mei, N AU - Webb, P J AU - Shaddock, J G AU - Dobrovolsky, V N AU - McGarrity, L J AU - Morris, S M AU - Chen, T AU - Beland, F A AU - Greenlees, K J AU - Heflich, R H AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, rmittelstaedt@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07/11/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 11 SP - 127 EP - 138 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 561 IS - 1-2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - leucomalachite green KW - malachite green KW - mice KW - triphenylmethane KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - HPRT gene KW - DNA adducts KW - Antifungal agents KW - Dose-response effects KW - Micronuclei KW - Genotoxicity KW - Liver KW - Aquaculture KW - Risks KW - X 24117:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18016715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Genotoxicity+of+malachite+green+and+leucomalachite+green+in+female+Big+Blue+B6C3F1+mice&rft.au=Mittelstaedt%2C+R+A%3BMei%2C+N%3BWebb%2C+P+J%3BShaddock%2C+J+G%3BDobrovolsky%2C+V+N%3BMcGarrity%2C+L+J%3BMorris%2C+S+M%3BChen%2C+T%3BBeland%2C+F+A%3BGreenlees%2C+K+J%3BHeflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Mittelstaedt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-07-11&rft.volume=561&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.mrgentox.2004.04.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA adducts; HPRT gene; Antifungal agents; Dose-response effects; Genotoxicity; Micronuclei; Liver; Aquaculture; Risks DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.04.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide in silica-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis AN - 17988309; 5942798 AB - Inhalation of crystalline silica can produce lung inflammation and fibrosis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) is believed to be involved in silica-induced lung disease. To investigate the role of iNOS-derived NO in this disease, the responses of iNOS knockout (KO) versus C57BI/6J wild-type (WT) mice to silica were compared. Male mice (8-10 wk old, mean body weight 24.0 g) were anesthetized and exposed, by aspiration, to silica (40 mg/kg) or saline. At 24 h and 42 d postexposure, lungs were lavaged with saline. The first bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid supernatant was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, levels of albumin, tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- alpha ), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The cellular fraction of the total BAL was used to determine alveolar macrophage (AM) and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) counts, and zymosan-stimulated AM chemiluminescence (AM-CL). In separate mice, lung histopathological changes were evaluated 42 d postexposure. Acute (24-h) silica exposure decreased AMs, increased PMNs, increased LDH activity and levels of albumin, TNF- alpha , and MIP-2 in BAL fluid, and enhanced AM-CL in both iNOS KO and WT mice. However, iNOS KO mice exhibited less AM activation (defined as increased AM-CL and decreased AM yield) than WT. Furthermore, TAC following acute silica decreased in WT but was maintained in iNOS KO mice. Pulmonary reactions to subchronic (42 d) silica exposure were similar to acute. However, histopathological and BAL fluid indices of lung damage and inflammation, AM activation, and lung hydroxyproline levels were significantly less in iNOS KO compared to WT mice. These results suggest that iNOS-derived NO contributes to the pathogenesis of silica-induced lung disease in this mouse model. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Zeidler, P C AU - Hubbs, A AU - Battelli, L AU - Castranova, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, vic1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07/09/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 09 SP - 1001 EP - 1026 VL - 67 IS - 13 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Nitric-oxide synthase KW - Fibrosis KW - Lung KW - Nitric oxide KW - Inflammation KW - Silicon dioxide KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17988309?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Role+of+inducible+nitric+oxide+synthase-derived+nitric+oxide+in+silica-induced+pulmonary+inflammation+and+fibrosis&rft.au=Zeidler%2C+P+C%3BHubbs%2C+A%3BBattelli%2C+L%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Zeidler&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-07-09&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1001&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390490447296 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Silicon dioxide; Inflammation; Lung; Fibrosis; Nitric-oxide synthase; Nitric oxide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390490447296 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases AN - 21292583; 5941597 AB - Infectious diseases have for centuries ranked with wars and famine as major challenges to human progress and survival. They remain among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Against a constant background of established infections, epidemics of new and old infectious diseases periodically emerge, greatly magnifying the global burden of infections. Studies of these emerging infections reveal the evolutionary properties of pathogenic microorganisms and the dynamic relationships between microorganisms, their hosts and the environment. JF - Nature AU - Morens, David M AU - Folkers, Gregory K AU - Fauci, Anthony S AD - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892- 2520, USA, afauciniaid.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/07/08/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 08 SP - 242 EP - 249 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building 4 Crinan Street London N1 9XW UK, [mailto:feedback@nature.com], [URL:http://www.nature.com/] VL - 430 IS - 6996 SN - 0028-0836, 0028-0836 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Famine KW - Epidemics KW - Infectious diseases KW - War KW - Microorganisms KW - Survival KW - Infection KW - Evolution KW - A 01450:Environmental Pollution & Waste Treatment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21292583?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=The+challenge+of+emerging+and+re-emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.au=Morens%2C+David+M%3BFolkers%2C+Gregory+K%3BFauci%2C+Anthony+S&rft.aulast=Morens&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-07-08&rft.volume=430&rft.issue=6996&rft.spage=242&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature&rft.issn=00280836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature02759 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Famine; Epidemics; Infectious diseases; War; Microorganisms; Survival; Infection; Evolution DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02759 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Migrant and Seasonal Head Start Research Design Development Project 2002-2004. Executive Summary AN - 1373089916; ED543016 AB - The unique characteristics of migrant and seasonal families are important concerns for the Office of Head Start, yet the research and evaluation efforts that address this segment of the Head Start program have been limited. This study was designed to ascertain the state of research knowledge about Migrant and Seasonal Head Start (MSHS) programs; assess the feasibility of a range of measures and research methods; and select and pilot test methods, instruments, and procedures appropriate for this population. The "Migrant and Seasonal Head Start Research Development Design Project" was the result of the collaboration between MSHS programs and the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) to determine viable methods for assessing the unique characteristics of programs while also examining common programmatic components. This report is meant to provide an overview of the issues in conducting research in these programs. Caution should be used in interpreting any specific results from this project because they are limited to the programs that participated in this project and thus should not be taken as being representative of all MSHS program therefore, very few specific details regarding responses to measures are presented in this executive summary. The information that is provided should improve future research efforts attempting to accurately describe programs, families, and children of the MSHS community. Membership of the Technical Work Group is appended. (Contains 2 figures, 3 tables, and 3 footnotes.) Y1 - 2004/07/02/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 02 SP - 23 PB - Administration for Children & Families. US Department of Health and Human Services, 370 L'Enfant Promenade SW, Washington, DC 20447. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Preschool Education KW - Preschool Teachers KW - Measures (Individuals) KW - Questionnaires KW - Migrant Workers KW - Research Methodology KW - Migrant Education KW - Parent Role KW - Second Language Learning KW - Research Design KW - American Indians KW - Outcomes of Education KW - Federal Programs KW - Disadvantaged Youth KW - Siblings KW - Check Lists KW - Access to Health Care KW - Interviews KW - Seasonal Employment KW - Parents KW - Migrants KW - Infants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1373089916?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-13 ER - TY - GEN T1 - What Providers Should Know about Child Care Assistance for Families: A Targeted Effort to Reach Hispanic Families and Providers = Lo que Deben Saber los Proveedores Sobre el Programa de Ayuda de Cuidado Infantil para las Familias: Un Esfuerzo Especial para Alcanzar Familias y Proveedores Hispanos AN - 881470717; ED519373 AB - Federal and State governments can help families pay for child care. The families one serves may be eligible for this assistance, and one may receive this funding for services one provides, thus becoming a "participating provider." This paper provides answers to the following questions: (1) How can parents receive child care assistance?; (2) How do I become a participating provider?; (3) What types of requirements will I need to meet? Do I need a license?; (4) How will I get paid?; (5) What help may be available for providers?; (6) Questions providers should ask the State or local agency; and (7) Helpful Child Care Resources. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 6 PB - Child Care Bureau. US Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children & Families, Office of Family Assistance, 370 L'Enfant Promenade SW 5th Floor East, Washington, DC 20447. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Financial Support KW - Outreach Programs KW - Caregivers KW - State Government KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Grants KW - Federal Government KW - Child Care KW - Certification KW - Local Government UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/881470717?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cross-linguistic analysis of vocabulary in young children: spanish, dutch, French, hebrew, italian, korean, and american english. AN - 85289002; pmid-15260868 AB - The composition of young children's vocabularies in 7 contrasting linguistic communities was investigated. Mothers of 269 twenty-month-olds in Argentina, Belgium, France, Israel, Italy, the Republic of Korea, and the United States completed comparable vocabulary checklists for their children. In each language and vocabulary size grouping (except for children just learning to talk), children's vocabularies contained relatively greater proportions of nouns than other word classes. Each word class was consistently positively correlated with every other class in each language and for children with smaller and larger vocabularies. Noun prevalence in the vocabularies of young children and the merits of several theories that may account for this pattern are discussed. JF - Child Development AU - Bornstein, Marc H AU - Cote, Linda R AU - Maital Sharone AU - Painter, Kathleen AU - Sung-Yun, Park AU - Pascual, Liliana AU - Marie-Germaine, Pêcheux AU - Ruel Josette AU - Venuti, Paola AU - Vyt Andre AD - Child and Family Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-7971, USA. PY - 2004 SP - 1115 EP - 1139 VL - 75 IS - 4 SN - 0009-3920, 0009-3920 KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Comparative Study KW - Questionnaires KW - Human KW - Adult KW - Cross-Cultural Comparison KW - Linguistics KW - Child, Preschool KW - Culture KW - Vocabulary KW - Child Language KW - Language UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85289002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+Development&rft.atitle=Cross-linguistic+analysis+of+vocabulary+in+young+children%3A+spanish%2C+dutch%2C+French%2C+hebrew%2C+italian%2C+korean%2C+and+american+english.&rft.au=Bornstein%2C+Marc+H%3BCote%2C+Linda+R%3BMaital+Sharone%3BPainter%2C+Kathleen%3BSung-Yun%2C+Park%3BPascual%2C+Liliana%3BMarie-Germaine%2C+P%C3%83%C2%AAcheux%3BRuel+Josette%3BVenuti%2C+Paola%3BVyt+Andre&rft.aulast=Bornstein&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Child+Development&rft.issn=00093920&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - eng DB - ComDisDome N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-07 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of an Artery/Vascular Graft Compliance Mismatch on Protein Transport: A Numerical Study AN - 831176393; 13865935 AB - Small-diameter vascular graft failure by intimal hyperplasia and thrombosis may result from flow disturbances and disruption of chemical transport in the fluid at the distal anastomosis, because of compliance mismatch between the graft and host artery. In previous studies, lower-than-normal wall shear stress (WSS), particle trapping, and high particle residence times were observed at the distal anastomosis due to a pulsatile tubular expansion effect caused by nonuniform radial deformations. This study was undertaken to examine effects of compliance and radius mismatch on the distribution of a model protein released at the graft-fluid interface. Finite element simulations of end-to-end vascular grafting were performed under pulsatile flow, using fluid-structure coupling to give physiologic wall displacements. Results showed that protein is convected smoothly downstream in a uniform compliant tube. A compliance mismatch disturbed the transport, causing positive and negative gradients in the concentration profile at the distal anastomosis. This was seen when the graft and artery radii were matched at zero pressure and at mean arterial pressure; low WSSs were only observed in the former case. Thus the distal intimal hypertrophy seen in noncompliant grafts may be caused partly by decreased WSS, and partly by concentration gradients of dissolved chemicals affecting chemotaxis of cells. JF - Annals of Biomedical Engineering AU - Stewart, Sandy FC AU - Lyman, Donald J AD - Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA, sxs@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 991 EP - 1006 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 32 IS - 7 SN - 0090-6964, 0090-6964 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Rejection KW - Protein transport KW - Mathematical models KW - Grafting KW - Grafts KW - Arteries KW - Chemotaxis KW - Trapping KW - Thrombosis KW - Blood pressure KW - Mechanical stimuli KW - Hypertrophy KW - Hyperplasia KW - Pressure KW - Anastomosis KW - W 30940:Products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/831176393?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Effects+of+an+Artery%2FVascular+Graft+Compliance+Mismatch+on+Protein+Transport%3A+A+Numerical+Study&rft.au=Stewart%2C+Sandy+FC%3BLyman%2C+Donald+J&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Sandy&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=991&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering&rft.issn=00906964&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AABME.0000032462.56207.65 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rejection; Protein transport; Mathematical models; Grafting; Grafts; Arteries; Trapping; Chemotaxis; Blood pressure; Thrombosis; Mechanical stimuli; Hyperplasia; Hypertrophy; Anastomosis; Pressure DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:ABME.0000032462.56207.65 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro and in vivo effects of acetyldinaline on murine megakaryocytopoiesis. AN - 71995301; 15014898 AB - Acetyldinaline (CI-994) has shown preclinical efficacy in vitro and in vivo against solid tumor and leukemia cell lines. Since myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxicity for acetyldinaline in preclinical and clinical studies, experiments were conducted to examine the in vitro and in vivo effects of acetyldinaline on murine megakaryocytic (CFU-meg) progenitor cells. Bone marrow and spleen cells from untreated mice were continuously exposed in vitro to acetyldinaline or dinaline in clonal assays. For the in vivo study, BDF(1) mice were dosed orally with 50 mg/kg acetyldinaline every day for 14 days. Both acetyldinaline and dinaline induced an in vitro dose-dependent decrease in CFU-meg colonies derived from either the spleen or bone marrow. Splenic CFU-meg were more sensitive in vitro to acetyldinaline and dinaline than their marrow counterparts. In the in vivo experiments, platelet counts decreased throughout the 14-day dosing period and had returned to normal by day 18. Marrow and spleen CFU-meg declined after the first dose but had recovered by days 4 and 7, respectively. Elevated splenic CFU-meg counts were observed through day 20, 6 days after dosing ended. Recovery of platelet counts in treated mice was associated with increases in both marrow and splenic CFU-meg. There was differential in vitro toxicity of acetyldinaline to murine CFU-meg derived from the bone marrow versus spleen. The in vitro assay predicted the more severe effect of acetyldinaline on splenic progenitors than on their marrow counterparts that was observed in the in vivo phase. In addition, megakaryocytopoiesis in the marrow showed evidence of recovery from drug toxicity in the face of continuing daily acetyldinaline treatments. JF - Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology AU - Volpe, Donna A AU - LoRusso, Patricia M AU - Foster, Brenda J AU - Parchment, Ralph E AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. volpe@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 89 EP - 94 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0344-5704, 0344-5704 KW - Phenylenediamines KW - 0 KW - acetyldinaline KW - 112522-64-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bone Marrow Cells KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Spleen -- cytology KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Cell Culture Techniques KW - Mice KW - Colony-Forming Units Assay KW - Female KW - Mice, Inbred DBA KW - Phenylenediamines -- administration & dosage KW - Thrombopoiesis -- drug effects KW - Phenylenediamines -- pharmacology KW - Phenylenediamines -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71995301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+and+in+vivo+effects+of+acetyldinaline+on+murine+megakaryocytopoiesis.&rft.au=Volpe%2C+Donna+A%3BLoRusso%2C+Patricia+M%3BFoster%2C+Brenda+J%3BParchment%2C+Ralph+E&rft.aulast=Volpe&rft.aufirst=Donna&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+chemotherapy+and+pharmacology&rft.issn=03445704&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of anti-androgenic activity of flutamide, vinclozolin, procymidone, linuron, and p, p'-DDE in rodent 10-day Hershberger assay. AN - 71929339; 15147789 AB - The rodent Hershberger assay proposed by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is in the process of the validating a test method to detecting the androgenic or anti-androgenic compounds. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-androgenic properties of flutamide, vinclozolin, procymidone, linuron, and p,p'-DDE in a 10-day Hershberger assay. In the present study, we used immature Sprague-Dawley male rats castrated at 6 weeks of age. Testosterone propionate (TP) was subcutaneously injected for 10 consecutive days at doses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, or 1.6 mg/kg per day. To compare the anti-androgenic activity of test compounds, flutamide (1, 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg per day), a pure androgen antagonist was used as a positive control, and administered by oral gavage after TP (0.4 mg/kg per day) treatment. In addition, vinclozolin (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg per day), procymidone (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg per day), linuron (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg per day), and p,p '-DDE (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg per day) were also administered by oral gavage after TP (0.4 mg/kg per day) treatment. As expected, TP dose-dependently increased accessory sex organ weights, and statistically significant effects were observed at doses of 0.1 (only seminal vesicles) or 0.2mg/kg per day and above. Serum testosterone levels increased significantly at 0.4 mg/kg per day and above, while serum LH levels were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Flutamide significantly inhibited the TP-induced re-growth of seminal vesicles, ventral prostate, and Levator ani plus bulbocavernosus muscles (LABC) at 1mg/kg per day and above, and Cowper's glands and glans penis at 5mg/kg per day and above. In contrast to accessory sex organ weights, flutamide did not affect the serum testosterone levels compared to the control at any concentration, but serum LH levels were significantly increased at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg per day. Similar to flutamide, vinclozolin caused a statistically significant decrease in the weights of seminal vesicles (to 65 and 40% of the control), ventral prostate (to 66 and 51% of the control), LABC (to 81 and 66% of the control), and Cowper's glands (to 81 and 65% of the control) at 50 and 100 mg/kg per day, respectively. Glans penis weight was also significantly reduced (to 79% of the control), but only at 100 mg/kg per day. The most pronounced effects were observed in the procymidone treatment groups. Procymidone significantly inhibited TP-induced re-growth of accessory sex organs at 25mg/kg per day and above, whereas glans penis weight significantly decreased (to 69% of the control), but only at 100 mg/kg per day. Linuron also inhibited TP-induced re-growth of the seminal vesicles (to 72 and 53% of the control), ventral prostate (to 75 and 62% of the control), Cowper's glands (to 74 and 61% of the control) at 50 and 100 mg/kg per day, respectively. LABC (to 65% of the control) and glans penis (to 80% of the control) weights were significantly reduced, but only at 100 mg/kg per day. In case of p,p'-DDE, seminal vesicle weights were significantly decreased at 50 (to 66% of the control) and 100 mg/kg per day (to 58% of the control). In addition, ventral prostate (to 79% of the control), LABC (to 75% of the control), and Cowper's gland (to 82% of the control) weights were reduced, but only at 100 mg/kg per day. On the contrary, no statistically significant differences in serum testosterone or LH levels were observed versus the control. p,p'-DDE significantly increased liver weight in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting on body weights. Our results indicate that procymidone may act as a stronger androgen receptor (AR) antagonist than vinclozolin, linuron, or p,p'-DDE. We conclude that the 10-day Hershberger assay is a sensitive method for detecting potential anti-androgenic compounds. JF - Toxicology AU - Kang, Il Hyun AU - Kim, Hyung Sik AU - Shin, Jae-Ho AU - Kim, Tae Sung AU - Moon, Hyun Ju AU - Kim, In Young AU - Choi, Kwang Sik AU - Kil, Kwang Sup AU - Park, Young In AU - Dong, Mi Sook AU - Han, Soon Young AD - Endocrine Toxicology Division, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbun-dong, Eunpyung-ku, Seoul 122-704, South Korea. Y1 - 2004/07/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jul 01 SP - 145 EP - 159 VL - 199 IS - 2-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Androgen Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds KW - Oxazoles KW - Linuron KW - 01XP1SU59O KW - Testosterone KW - 3XMK78S47O KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene KW - 4M7FS82U08 KW - Flutamide KW - 76W6J0943E KW - Luteinizing Hormone KW - 9002-67-9 KW - procymidone KW - EC2FI67U2Y KW - vinclozolin KW - JJ258EZN1I KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Testosterone -- administration & dosage KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Orchiectomy KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Testosterone -- pharmacology KW - Bridged Bicyclo Compounds -- toxicity KW - Linuron -- toxicity KW - Testosterone -- blood KW - Injections, Subcutaneous KW - Flutamide -- toxicity KW - Luteinizing Hormone -- blood KW - Oxazoles -- toxicity KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Androgen Antagonists -- administration & dosage KW - Androgen Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Genitalia, Male -- drug effects KW - Genitalia, Male -- pathology KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71929339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+anti-androgenic+activity+of+flutamide%2C+vinclozolin%2C+procymidone%2C+linuron%2C+and+p%2C+p%27-DDE+in+rodent+10-day+Hershberger+assay.&rft.au=Kang%2C+Il+Hyun%3BKim%2C+Hyung+Sik%3BShin%2C+Jae-Ho%3BKim%2C+Tae+Sung%3BMoon%2C+Hyun+Ju%3BKim%2C+In+Young%3BChoi%2C+Kwang+Sik%3BKil%2C+Kwang+Sup%3BPark%2C+Young+In%3BDong%2C+Mi+Sook%3BHan%2C+Soon+Young&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=Il&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=199&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Standards for clinical trials in male sexual dysfunction: erectile dysfunction and rapid ejaculation. AN - 67300877; 16422988 AB - The introduction of safe and effective therapies for sexual dysfunctions depend upon appropriate clinical protocol design, study procedures, data collection and analysis. To provide recommendations/guidelines concerning state-of-the-art knowledge for standards for clinical trials in sexual dysfunction in men, particularly in the areas of erectile dysfunction and rapid ejaculation. An International Consultation in collaboration with the major urology and sexual medicine associations assembled over 200 multidisciplinary experts from 60 countries into 17 committees. Committee members established specific objectives and scopes for various male and female sexual medicine topics. The recommendations concerning state-of-the-art knowledge in the respective sexual medicine topic represent the opinion of experts from five continents developed in a process over a 2-year period. Concerning the Standards for Clinical Trials in Male Sexual Dysfunction Committee, there were six experts from four countries. Expert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation and debate. Drug development requires a multiphased approach. Phase 1 studies investigate multiple-dose safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic issues. Phase 2 programs explore dose ranging (lowest effective, maximally tolerated and toxic doses). Phase 3 trials provide the substantial evidence including drug-drug interaction data and studies in special populations. Clinical studies require validated outcome assessment instruments conducted in defined but representative patient populations. Daily diaries or per-event questionnaires are patient-reported outcomes that assist in retrospective questionnaire interpretation. A qualified biostatistician should calculate the sample power for the trial, type of statistical model and design employed, use of covariate or subgroup analyses, and calculation of effect sizes. More research is needed in developing standards for use in the development of clinical trials and outcomes assessment researching either erectile dysfunction or rapid ejaculation. JF - The journal of sexual medicine AU - Hirsch, Mark AU - Donatucci, Craig AU - Glina, Sidney AU - Montague, Drogo AU - Montorsi, Francesco AU - Wyllie, Michael AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857-0001, USA. HIRSCHM@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 87 EP - 91 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1743-6095, 1743-6095 KW - Index Medicus KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic -- standards KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - International Cooperation KW - Humans KW - Consensus KW - Outcome Assessment (Health Care) KW - Male KW - Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic -- standards KW - Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological -- therapy KW - Research Design -- standards KW - Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological -- therapy KW - Ejaculation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67300877?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+journal+of+sexual+medicine&rft.atitle=Standards+for+clinical+trials+in+male+sexual+dysfunction%3A+erectile+dysfunction+and+rapid+ejaculation.&rft.au=Hirsch%2C+Mark%3BDonatucci%2C+Craig%3BGlina%2C+Sidney%3BMontague%2C+Drogo%3BMontorsi%2C+Francesco%3BWyllie%2C+Michael&rft.aulast=Hirsch&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+journal+of+sexual+medicine&rft.issn=17436095&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-02-16 N1 - Date created - 2006-01-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CDER photosafety guidance for industry. AN - 67008667; 15503660 AB - In the Federal Register of January 10, 2000 (65 FR 1399), FDA published a draft guidance entitled "Photosafety Testing." The notice gave interested persons an opportunity to submit comments. As a result of the comments, certain sections of the guidance were reworded to improve clarity. A final guidance was published in May 2003. The final guidance further emphasizes that a flexible approach can be used to address adverse photoeffects and that specific assays are not required. Moreover, it encourages the development of methods that can efficiently be used to evaluate human safety. The guidance describes a consistent, science-based approach for testing of topically and systemically administered drug products. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Jacobs, Abigail C AU - Brown, Paul C AU - Chen, Conrad AU - Ellis, Amy AU - Farrelly, James AU - Osterberg, Robert AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research/U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. jacobsa@cder.fda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 17 EP - 18 VL - 32 Suppl 2 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Photosensitizing Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Evaluation KW - Animals KW - 3T3 Cells KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Toxicity Tests, Acute KW - Mice KW - Photosensitizing Agents -- adverse effects KW - Safety -- standards KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67008667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=CDER+photosafety+guidance+for+industry.&rft.au=Jacobs%2C+Abigail+C%3BBrown%2C+Paul+C%3BChen%2C+Conrad%3BEllis%2C+Amy%3BFarrelly%2C+James%3BOsterberg%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Abigail&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=32+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=17&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Another look at heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use disorders among college and noncollege youth. AN - 66891220; 15378804 AB - To estimate rates of heavy episodic drinking, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence among U.S. adults 18-29 years of age and determine the relationship of these rates to student status and residence. The analysis is based on data from a subsample of U.S. adults 18-29 years of age (N = 8666; 4849 female) who were interviewed as part of the 2001-02 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N = 43,093). Data were collected in personal interviews from a representative sample of adults 18 and older, living in households and selected group quarters in the United States, including Alaska, Hawaii and the District of Columbia. Of all adults 18-29 years of age, 73.1% reported any drinking in the past year, 39.6% reported any heavy episodic drinking, 21.1% reported heavy drinking more than once a month and 11.0% reported heavy drinking more than once a week. Among past-year drinkers, these correspond to rates of 54.3% for any heavy episodic drinking, 28.9% for heavy drinking more than once a month and 15.0% for heavy drinking more than once a week. Although rates of heavy episodic drinking were slightly higher for college students than for noncollege students (p < .01), differences according to place of residence were greater than differences according to student status. Overall, 7.0% of adults ages 18-29 met the DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse in the past year, and 9.2% met the criteria for alcohol dependence. The prevalence of abuse was highest among students living off campus (p < .01), and rates of dependence were highest among students living on campus (p < .01). Heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use disorders are youth as well as college phenomena. Prevention campaigns targeted at all youth are needed to supplement interventions conducted at the campus level. JF - Journal of studies on alcohol AU - Dawson, Deborah A AU - Grant, Bridget F AU - Stinson, Frederick S AU - Chou, Patricia S AD - National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9304, USA. ddawson@willco.niaaa.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 477 EP - 488 VL - 65 IS - 4 SN - 0096-882X, 0096-882X KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Logistic Models KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Universities -- statistics & numerical data KW - Students -- statistics & numerical data KW - Ethanol -- poisoning KW - Alcohol-Induced Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66891220?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+studies+on+alcohol&rft.atitle=Another+look+at+heavy+episodic+drinking+and+alcohol+use+disorders+among+college+and+noncollege+youth.&rft.au=Dawson%2C+Deborah+A%3BGrant%2C+Bridget+F%3BStinson%2C+Frederick+S%3BChou%2C+Patricia+S&rft.aulast=Dawson&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=477&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+studies+on+alcohol&rft.issn=0096882X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental and occupational health response to SARS, Taiwan, 2003. AN - 66808222; 15324536 AB - Industrial hygiene specialists from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) visited hospitals and medical centers throughout Taiwan. They assisted with designing and evaluating ventilation modifications for infection control, developed guidelines for converting hospital rooms into SARS patient isolation rooms, prepared designs for the rapid conversion of a vacated military facility into a SARS screening and observation facility, assessed environmental aspects of dedicated SARS hospitals, and worked in concert with the Taiwanese to develop hospital ventilation guidelines. We describe the environmental findings and observations from this response, including the rapid reconfiguration of medical facilities during a national health emergency, and discuss environmental challenges should SARS or a SARS-like virus emerge again. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - Esswein, Eric J AU - Kiefer, Max AU - Wallingford, Ken AU - Burr, Greg AU - Lee, Lukas Jyhun-Hsiarn AU - Wang, Jung-Der AU - Wang, Shun Chih AU - Su, Ih-Jen AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Denver, Colorado 80225-0226, USA. eje1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1187 EP - 1194 VL - 10 IS - 7 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Taiwan KW - Infection Control -- standards KW - Infection Control -- methods KW - Humans KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Patient Isolation KW - Ventilation -- standards KW - Occupational Health KW - Environmental Monitoring -- standards KW - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -- prevention & control KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Hospitals KW - Cross Infection -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66808222?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Environmental+and+occupational+health+response+to+SARS%2C+Taiwan%2C+2003.&rft.au=Esswein%2C+Eric+J%3BKiefer%2C+Max%3BWallingford%2C+Ken%3BBurr%2C+Greg%3BLee%2C+Lukas+Jyhun-Hsiarn%3BWang%2C+Jung-Der%3BWang%2C+Shun+Chih%3BSu%2C+Ih-Jen&rft.aulast=Esswein&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Jul 25;52(29):680-3 [12881699] MMWR Recomm Rep. 1994 Oct 28;43(RR-13):1-132 [8602125] Comment In: Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Jan;11(1):167-8 [15714660] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Q fever outbreak in industrial setting. AN - 66806588; 15324550 AB - An outbreak of Q fever occurred in South Wales, United Kingdom, from July 15 through September 30, 2002. To investigate the outbreak a cohort and nested case-control study of persons who had worked at a cardboard manufacturing plant was conducted. The cohort included 282 employees and subcontractors, of whom 253 (90%) provided blood samples and 214 (76%) completed questionnaires. Ninety-five cases of acute Q fever were identified. The epidemic curve and other data suggested an outbreak source likely occurred August 5-9, 2002. Employees in the factory's offices were at greatest risk for infection (odds ratio 3.46; 95% confidence interval 1.38-9.06). The offices were undergoing renovation work around the time of likely exposure and contained straw board that had repeatedly been drilled. The outbreak may have been caused by aerosolization of Coxiella burnetii spore-like forms during drilling into contaminated straw board. JF - Emerging infectious diseases AU - van Woerden, Hugo C AU - Mason, Brendan W AU - Nehaul, Lika K AU - Smith, Robert AU - Salmon, Roland L AU - Healy, Brendan AU - Valappil, Manoj AU - Westmoreland, Diana AU - de Martin, Sarah AU - Evans, Meirion R AU - Lloyd, Graham AU - Hamilton-Kirkwood, Marysia AU - Williams, Nina S AD - National Public Health Service for Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom. vanwoerdenh1@cf.ac.uk Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1282 EP - 1289 VL - 10 IS - 7 SN - 1080-6040, 1080-6040 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Paper KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Q Fever -- epidemiology KW - Coxiella burnetii -- isolation & purification KW - Disease Outbreaks KW - Industry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66806588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Q+fever+outbreak+in+industrial+setting.&rft.au=van+Woerden%2C+Hugo+C%3BMason%2C+Brendan+W%3BNehaul%2C+Lika+K%3BSmith%2C+Robert%3BSalmon%2C+Roland+L%3BHealy%2C+Brendan%3BValappil%2C+Manoj%3BWestmoreland%2C+Diana%3Bde+Martin%2C+Sarah%3BEvans%2C+Meirion+R%3BLloyd%2C+Graham%3BHamilton-Kirkwood%2C+Marysia%3BWilliams%2C+Nina+S&rft.aulast=van+Woerden&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1282&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Emerging+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=10806040&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 May-Jun;5(3):388-94 [10341175] Commun Dis Public Health. 1998 Sep;1(3):180-7 [9782633] Am J Hyg. 1953 Nov;58(3):385-8 [13104396] Prac Lek. 1956 Aug;8(4):300-1 [13389069] Br Med J. 1958 Oct 4;2(5100):809-16 [13572912] Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1950 May;40(5):524-32 [15410909] Br Med J. 1960 Feb 6;1(5170):387-90 [14402625] Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1948 Oct 30;78(43):1064-6 [18103669] Am J Hyg. 1949 Jan;49(1):76-82 [18108523] Am J Hyg. 1946 Jul;44:23-50 [20994098] Am J Hyg. 1946 Jul;44:88-102 [20994102] Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1948 Jun 5;78(22):529-31 [18870427] Scand J Infect Dis. 2000;32(6):605-7 [11200368] Emerg Infect Dis. 2001 Sep-Oct;7(5):789-96 [11747689] Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Oct;8(10):1048-55 [12396914] Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2001 Summer;1(2):91-118 [12653141] J Infect Dis. 1981 Aug;144(2):107-13 [7276623] Lancet. 1982 May 1;1(8279):1002-4 [6122818] Arch Intern Med. 1987 Feb;147(2):341-4 [3813754] J Epidemiol Community Health. 1989 Dec;43(4):311-4 [2693574] Epidemiol Infect. 1990 Oct;105(2):391-408 [2209742] Respir Med. 1993 Oct;87(7):509-16 [8265838] Occup Environ Med. 1995 Oct;52(10):644-7 [7489053] Commun Dis Rep CDR Rev. 1996 Mar 1;6(3):R46-9 [8820193] Cent Eur J Public Health. 1997 Dec;5(4):180-2 [9457416] Lancet. 1951 Dec 22;2(6695):1152-7 [14881591] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variation of analytical results for peanuts in energy bars and milk chocolate. AN - 66770870; 15295889 AB - Peanuts contain proteins that can cause severe allergic reactions in some sensitized individuals. Studies were conducted to determine the percentage of recovery by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in the analysis for peanuts in energy bars and milk chocolate and to determine the sampling, subsampling, and analytical variances associated with testing energy bars and milk chocolate for peanuts. Food products containing chocolate were selected because their composition makes sample preparation for subsampling difficult. Peanut-contaminated energy bars, noncontaminated energy bars, incurred milk chocolate containing known levels of peanuts, and peanut-free milk chocolate were used. A commercially available ELISA kit was used for analysis. The sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variances associated with each step of the test procedure to measure peanut protein were determined for energy bars. The sample preparation and analytical variances were determined for milk chocolate. Variances were found to be functions of peanut concentration. Sampling and subsampling variability associated with energy bars accounted for 96.6% of the total testing variability. Subsampling variability associated with powdered milk chocolate accounted for >60% of the total testing variability. The variability among peanut test results can be reduced by increasing sample size, subsample size, and number of analyses. For energy bars the effect of increasing sample size from 1 to 4 bars, subsample size from 5 to 20 g, and number of aliquots quantified from 1 to 2 on reducing the sampling, sample preparation, and analytical variance was demonstrated. For powdered milk chocolate, the effects of increasing subsample size from 5 to 20 g and number of aliquots quantified from 1 to 2 on reducing sample preparation and analytical variances were demonstrated. This study serves as a template for application to other foods, and for extrapolation to different sizes of samples and subsamples as well as numbers of analyses. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Trucksess, Mary W AU - Whitaker, Thomas B AU - Slate, Andrew B AU - Williams, Kristina M AU - Brewer, Vickery A AU - Whittaker, Paul AU - Heeres, James T AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD 20740, USA. mtruckse@cfsan.fda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 943 EP - 949 VL - 87 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - Plant Proteins KW - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic KW - Solvents KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Plant Proteins -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Allergens -- analysis KW - Arachis -- chemistry KW - Cacao -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66770870?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Variation+of+analytical+results+for+peanuts+in+energy+bars+and+milk+chocolate.&rft.au=Trucksess%2C+Mary+W%3BWhitaker%2C+Thomas+B%3BSlate%2C+Andrew+B%3BWilliams%2C+Kristina+M%3BBrewer%2C+Vickery+A%3BWhittaker%2C+Paul%3BHeeres%2C+James+T&rft.aulast=Trucksess&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=943&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical proteomics: Applications for prostate cancer biomarker discovery and detection. AN - 66764442; 15283891 AB - The science of proteomics comprises much more than simply generating lists of proteins that change in expression as a cause of or consequence of pathophysiology. The goal of proteomics should be to characterize the information flow through the intercellular protein circuitry that communicates with the extracellular microenvironment and then ultimately to the serum/plasma macroenvironment. Serum proteomic pattern diagnostics is a new type of proteomic concept in which patterns of ion signatures generated from high dimensional mass spectrometry data are used as diagnostic classifiers. This recent approach has exciting potential for clinical utility of diagnostic patterns because low molecular weight metabolites, peptides, and protein fragments may have higher accuracy than traditional biomarkers of cancer detection. Intriguingly, we now have discovered that this diagnostic information exists in a bound state, complexed with circulating highly abundant carrier proteins. These diagnostic fragments may one day be harvested by circulating nanoparticles, designed to absorb, enrich, and amplify the repertoire of diagnostic biomarkers generated-even at the critical, initial stages of carcinogenesis. Copyright 2004 Elsevier Inc. JF - Urologic oncology AU - Petricoin, Emanuel F AU - Ornstein, David K AU - Liotta, Lance A AD - FDA-NCI Clinical Proteomics Program, Office of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologic Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. petricoin@cber.fda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 322 EP - 328 VL - 22 IS - 4 SN - 1078-1439, 1078-1439 KW - Biomarkers, Tumor KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein Array Analysis KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- diagnosis KW - Proteomics -- trends KW - Biomarkers, Tumor -- analysis KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66764442?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Urologic+oncology&rft.atitle=Clinical+proteomics%3A+Applications+for+prostate+cancer+biomarker+discovery+and+detection.&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+Emanuel+F%3BOrnstein%2C+David+K%3BLiotta%2C+Lance+A&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Urologic+oncology&rft.issn=10781439&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Modifications and adaptations of the Charm II rapid antibody assay for chloramphenicol in honey. AN - 66739020; 15270516 AB - The Charm II screening method for the presence of chloramphenicol in honey has a sensitivity of 0.3 ppb. This screening method is a simple, rapid antibody assay using [3H]chloramphenicol and a binding reagent. Analysis of different types of honey revealed considerable differences in results. Honey can be liquid, crystallized (creamed), or partially crystallized and is classified by the U.S. Department of Agriculture into seven color categories: water white, extra white, white, extra light amber, light amber, amber, and dark amber. Fortified and nonfortified liquid amber honey tested appropriately with the Charm II unit and the negative control provided with the unit after slight modifications were made. However, approximately 70% of creamed honey samples fortified at 0.6 ppb did not test positive for the presence of chloramphenicol using the provided negative control. Matrix quenching effects were evaluated, and these effects were accounted for by establishing different assay conditions for different honey types. JF - Journal of food protection AU - McMullen, Sarah E AU - Lansden, John A AU - Schenck, Frank J AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Southeast Regional Laboratory, 60 Eighth Street N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30309, USA. smcmulle@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1533 EP - 1536 VL - 67 IS - 7 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Antibodies KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - Chloramphenicol KW - 66974FR9Q1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Mass Screening KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Viscosity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Time Factors KW - Color KW - Honey -- analysis KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Chloramphenicol -- isolation & purification KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66739020?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Modifications+and+adaptations+of+the+Charm+II+rapid+antibody+assay+for+chloramphenicol+in+honey.&rft.au=McMullen%2C+Sarah+E%3BLansden%2C+John+A%3BSchenck%2C+Frank+J&rft.aulast=McMullen&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1533&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rhabdomyolysis with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and gemfibrozil combination therapy. AN - 66737962; 15269925 AB - Elevated total cholesterol (total-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are established risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are effective cholesterol-lowering drugs that are commonly prescribed to treat this condition. These drugs are often combined with another class of drugs, fibric acid derivatives, to lower both cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Rhabdomyolysis is a known, rare serious side effect of statin monotherapy and of statin-fibrate combination therapy. To examine Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) postmarketing database for cases of rhabdomyolysis in relation to monotherapy and combination use and calculate reporting rates for this event. Domestic cases of statin- and statin/gemfibrozil-associated rhabdomyolysis were culled from FDA's database and reviewed. Rhabdomyolysis was defined by CPK > or = 10,000 IU/L, myopathic signs and symptoms and clinical diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis. Reporting rates, consisting of number of reported cases/number of prescriptions for each drug, were then calculated to determine whether the reporting of rhabdomyolysis cases was commensurate with extent of use of each statin in the population. Cases were obtained from the FDA adverse event reporting system (AERS) database. NA. Number of rhabdomyolysis cases were evaluated, along with outcomes, such as renal failure, dialysis and death. Of 866 total reported cases, 482 (56%) were associated with monotherapy and 384 (44%) related to combination therapy. More than 80% of reported cases for each drug resulted in hospitalization for renal failure and dialysis. 80 patients expired from events related directly to rhabdomyolysis. Reporting rates for all statins, except for cerivastatin, were similar and much lower than 1 per 100,000 prescriptions. The cerivastatin-reporting rate was much higher at 4.24/100,000 prescriptions. Rhabdomyolysis is a rare, serious side effect of statin monotherapy and of statin-fibrate combination therapy. Clinicians need to remain cognizant of this potential adverse event and discuss signs and symptoms of muscle toxicity with patients in order improve the benefits-to-risks of treating dyslipidemia with statins. JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety AU - Chang, Jennie T AU - Staffa, Judy A AU - Parks, Mary AU - Green, Lanh AD - Office of Drug Safety, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. changJ@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 417 EP - 426 VL - 13 IS - 7 SN - 1053-8569, 1053-8569 KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Hypolipidemic Agents KW - Gemfibrozil KW - Q8X02027X3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Pharmacoepidemiology KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - Rhabdomyolysis -- epidemiology KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Gemfibrozil -- administration & dosage KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Rhabdomyolysis -- chemically induced KW - Hypolipidemic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Rhabdomyolysis -- mortality KW - Hypolipidemic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Gemfibrozil -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66737962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.atitle=Rhabdomyolysis+with+HMG-CoA+reductase+inhibitors+and+gemfibrozil+combination+therapy.&rft.au=Chang%2C+Jennie+T%3BStaffa%2C+Judy+A%3BParks%2C+Mary%3BGreen%2C+Lanh&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Jennie&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=417&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.issn=10538569&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2005 Apr;14(4):287 [15782398] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rubella virus and birth defects: molecular insights into the viral teratogenesis at the cellular level. AN - 66715824; 15259032 AB - In utero rubella virus (RV) infection of a fetus can result in birth defects that are often collectively referred to as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). In extreme cases, fetal death can occur. In spite of the availability of a safe and effective vaccine against rubella, recent worldwide estimates are that more than 100,000 infants are born with CRS annually. Recently, several significant findings in the field of cell biology, as well as in the RV replication and virus-cell interactions, have originated from the authors' laboratory, and other researchers have provided insights into RV teratogenesis. It has been shown that 1) an RV protein induces cell-cycle arrest by generating a subpopulation of tetraploid nuclei (i.e., 4N DNA) cells, perhaps representative of the tetraploid state following S phase in the cell cycle, due to its interaction with citron-K kinase (CK); 2) RV infection induces apoptosis in cell culture, and 3) CK functional perturbations lead to tetraploidy, followed by apoptosis, in specific cell types. Based on several similarities between known RV-associated fetal and cellular manifestations and CK deficiency-associated phenotypes, it is reasonable to postulate that P90-CK interaction in RV-infected cells interferes with CK function and induces cell-cycle arrest following S phase in a subpopulation, perhaps representative of tetraploid stage, which could lead to subsequent apoptosis in RV infection. Taking all these observations to the fetal organogenesis level, it is plausible that P90-CK interaction could perhaps be one of the initial steps in RV infection-induced apoptosis-associated fetal birth defects in utero. JF - Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology AU - Atreya, C D AU - Mohan, K V K AU - Kulkarni, S AD - Section of Viral Pathogenesis and Vaccine Adverse Reactions, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. atreya@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 431 EP - 437 VL - 70 IS - 7 SN - 1542-0752, 1542-0752 KW - Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins KW - 0 KW - Retinoblastoma Protein KW - citron-kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.- KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Cell Cycle -- physiology KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Retinoblastoma Protein -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Rubella virus -- pathogenicity KW - Rubella -- physiopathology KW - Rubella -- metabolism KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- virology KW - Rubella virus -- genetics KW - Fetus -- physiopathology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- etiology KW - Fetus -- abnormalities KW - Fetus -- virology KW - Congenital Abnormalities -- physiopathology KW - Rubella virus -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66715824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.atitle=Rubella+virus+and+birth+defects%3A+molecular+insights+into+the+viral+teratogenesis+at+the+cellular+level.&rft.au=Atreya%2C+C+D%3BMohan%2C+K+V+K%3BKulkarni%2C+S&rft.aulast=Atreya&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.issn=15420752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Aberrant gene expression in human non small cell lung carcinoma cells exposed to demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. AN - 66715071; 15256063 AB - The identification of genes undergoing genetic or epigenetic alterations and contributing to the development of cancer is critical to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. A new approach in identifying alterations of genes that might be relevant to the process of tumor development was used in this study by examining the gene expression profile in human lung cancer cells exposed to 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). A cDNA array analysis was carried out on 5-aza-dC-treated and untreated non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line NCI-H522. Sixteen and 14 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, by 5-aza-dC treatment. Among them, downregulation of tyrosine protein kinase ABL2 (ABL2) gene and upregulation of hint/protein kinase C inhibitor 1 (Hint/PKCI-1), DVL1, TIMP-1, and TRP-1 genes were found in expanded observations in two or three of five 5-aza-dC-treated NSCLC cell lines. Among these genes, we found that cDNA transfer of Hint/PKCI-1 resulted in a significant in vitro growth inhibition in two cell lines exhibiting 5-aza-dC-induced upregulation of Hint/PKCI-1 and significantly reduced in vivo tumorigenicity of one NSCLC cell line. Hint/PKCI-1, which is the only other characterized human histidine triad (HIT) nucleotide-binding protein in addition to tumor-suppressor gene FHIT, might be involved in lung carcinogenesis. Copyright 2004 Neoplasia Press, Inc. JF - Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) AU - Yuan, Bao-Zhu AU - Jefferson, Amy M AU - Popescu, Nicholas C AU - Reynolds, Steven H AD - Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. bby1@cdc.gov PY - 2004 SP - 412 EP - 419 VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1522-8002, 1522-8002 KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic KW - 0 KW - decitabine KW - 776B62CQ27 KW - Azacitidine KW - M801H13NRU KW - Index Medicus KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis KW - DNA Methylation KW - Transfection KW - Lung Neoplasms KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic -- toxicity KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung KW - Azacitidine -- toxicity KW - Azacitidine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66715071?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neoplasia+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.atitle=Aberrant+gene+expression+in+human+non+small+cell+lung+carcinoma+cells+exposed+to+demethylating+agent+5-aza-2%27-deoxycytidine.&rft.au=Yuan%2C+Bao-Zhu%3BJefferson%2C+Amy+M%3BPopescu%2C+Nicholas+C%3BReynolds%2C+Steven+H&rft.aulast=Yuan&rft.aufirst=Bao-Zhu&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neoplasia+%28New+York%2C+N.Y.%29&rft.issn=15228002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Carcinogenesis. 2000 Mar;21(3):461-7 [10688866] Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2003 Jan 15;140(2):113-7 [12645648] J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 31;275(13):9797-804 [10734134] Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2000 Sep;29(1):1-8 [10918387] Oncogene. 2004 Feb 19;23(7):1405-11 [14661059] Blood. 1984 Oct;64(4):922-9 [6206904] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Nov;81(22):6993-7 [6209710] Nature. 1993 Aug 12;364(6438):648-52 [8350924] Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 1993 Dec;8(4):262-9 [7512370] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Oct 11;91(21):9700-4 [7937876] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Dec 6;91(25):11797-801 [7527544] J Biol Chem. 1995 Apr 7;270(14):8037-43 [7713905] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Aug 1;92(16):7416-9 [7543680] Nat Med. 1995 Jul;1(7):686-92 [7585152] Cell. 1996 Feb 23;84(4):587-97 [8598045] Cell. 1996 Apr 5;85(1):17-26 [8620533] Am J Ind Med. 1996 May;29(5):474-90 [8732921] Anticancer Drugs. 1997 Jan;8(1):56-61 [9147612] Int J Cancer. 1997 Mar 17;70(6):644-8 [9096643] Cancer Res. 1997 Aug 15;57(16):3347-50 [9269993] Science. 1997 Oct 10;278(5336):286-90 [9323207] Cell. 1997 Nov 14;91(4):479-89 [9390557] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Jun 9;95(12):6870-5 [9618505] Exp Cell Res. 1998 Oct 10;244(1):26-32 [9770345] Genes Dev. 1999 May 1;13(9):1190-202 [10323869] J Natl Cancer Inst. 2001 Feb 21;93(4):277-83 [11181774] Asian J Androl. 2000 Sep;2(3):167-71 [11225974] Genes Dev. 2001 Mar 1;15(5):535-53 [11238375] Cancer Res. 2001 Feb 15;61(4):1327-33 [11245429] J Immunother. 2001 Mar-Apr;24(2):151-61 [11265773] Cancer Res. 2001 May 1;61(9):3581-5 [11325823] Oncogene. 2001 Sep 13;20(41):5865-77 [11593392] Cancer Res. 2002 Jan 15;62(2):351-5 [11809677] Cancer Res. 2002 Apr 15;62(8):2370-7 [11956099] Nat Rev Genet. 2002 Jun;3(6):415-28 [12042769] J Cell Biochem. 2003 Jan 1;88(1):138-43 [12461783] Cancer Res. 2003 Mar 1;63(5):1114-21 [12615730] Cancer Res. 2000 Feb 15;60(4):1049-53 [10706123] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brain hyperthermia induced by MDMA (ecstasy): modulation by environmental conditions. AN - 66689515; 15245478 AB - Drugs of abuse, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), often have more powerful effects during states of increased activation and under specific environmental conditions. Because hyperthermia is a major complication of MDMA use and a factor potentiating neurotoxicity, we examined the effects of this drug (9 mg/kg, sc; approximately one-fifth of the known LD(50) in rats) on brain [nucleus accumbens (Nacc) and hippocampus (Hippo)] and muscle (musculus temporalis) temperatures in male rats under conditions that either model human drug use (social interaction with female, warm temperature) or restrict heat dissipation from the brain (chronic occlusion of jugular veins). Under quiet resting conditions at 23 degrees C, MDMA induced a moderate but prolonged hyperthermia. Both NAcc and Hippo showed more rapid and stronger temperature increases than muscle, suggesting metabolic neural activation as a primary cause of brain hyperthermia. During social interaction with a female, brain hyperthermia induced by MDMA was significantly potentiated (+89%). Brain hyperthermia induced by MDMA was also strongly potentiated (+188%) in animals with chronically occluded jugular veins, suggesting impaired cerebral outflow enhances intrabrain heat accumulation. At 29 degrees C, MDMA pushed temperatures in the brain to its biological limits (>41 degrees C; +268%), resulting in fatalities in most (83%) tested animals. Therefore, by inducing metabolic brain activation and restricting heat dissipation, MDMA use under 'party' conditions may be much more dangerous than under standard laboratory conditions. JF - The European journal of neuroscience AU - Brown, P Leon AU - Kiyatkin, Eugene A AD - Behavioural Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 51 EP - 58 VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0953-816X, 0953-816X KW - Hallucinogens KW - 0 KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine KW - KE1SEN21RM KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Body Temperature -- drug effects KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- drug effects KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- physiology KW - Interpersonal Relations KW - Jugular Veins -- physiopathology KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- physiopathology KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects KW - Rats KW - Body Temperature Regulation -- drug effects KW - Body Temperature -- physiology KW - Hippocampus -- physiopathology KW - Muscles -- physiopathology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Muscles -- drug effects KW - Jugular Veins -- innervation KW - Fever -- chemically induced KW - Environment KW - Brain -- physiopathology KW - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine -- adverse effects KW - Hallucinogens -- adverse effects KW - Fever -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66689515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+European+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Brain+hyperthermia+induced+by+MDMA+%28ecstasy%29%3A+modulation+by+environmental+conditions.&rft.au=Brown%2C+P+Leon%3BKiyatkin%2C+Eugene+A&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+European+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=0953816X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Limitations of using dosimeters in impulse noise environments. AN - 66686335; 15238316 AB - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) investigated the capabilities of noise dosimeters to measure personal exposure to impulse noise. The two leading types of commercially available dosimeters were evaluated in terms of their ability to measure and integrate impulses generated from gunfire during live-fire exercises at a law enforcement indoor firing range. Sound measurements were conducted throughout the firing range using dosimeters, sound level meters, and a measurement configuration that consisted of a quarter-inch microphone and a digital audiotape recorder to capture the impulse waveforms. Personal dosimetry was conducted on eight shooters, an observer, and the range master. Peak levels from gunfire reached 163 decibels (dB), exceeding the nominal input limit of the dosimeters. The dosimeters "clipped" the impulses by acting as if the gunfire had a maximum level of 146 dB. In other cases, however, peak levels (e.g., 108 dB) were below the dosimeter input limits, but the dosimeters still showed a peak level of 146 dB. Although NIOSH recommends that sound levels from 80 to 140 dB (A-weighted) be integrated in the calculation of dose and the time-weighted average, our present data suggest this criterion may be inadequate. These results showed that some instruments are incapable of providing accurate measures of impulse sounds because of their electroacoustic limitations. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Kardous, Chucri A AU - Willson, Robert D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. ckardous@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 456 EP - 462 VL - 1 IS - 7 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Law Enforcement KW - Humans KW - Tape Recording KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Firearms KW - Noise, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Risk Assessment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66686335?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Limitations+of+using+dosimeters+in+impulse+noise+environments.&rft.au=Kardous%2C+Chucri+A%3BWillson%2C+Robert+D&rft.aulast=Kardous&rft.aufirst=Chucri&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=456&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of evaluation procedures for local exhaust ventilation for United States postal service mail-processing equipment. AN - 66686302; 15238311 AB - Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) have conducted several evaluations of local exhaust ventilation (LEV) systems for the United States Postal Service (USPS) since autumn 2001 when (a) terrorist(s) employed the mail system for acts of bioterrorism. As a part of the USPS 2002 Emergency Preparedness Plan, the development and installation of LEV onto USPS mail-processing equipment can reduce future exposures to operators from potentially hazardous contaminants, such as anthrax, which might be emitted during the processing of mail. This article describes how NIOSH field testing led to the development of recommended testing procedures for evaluations of LEV capture efficiency for mail-processing equipment, including tracer gas measurements, smoke release observations, air velocity measurements, and decay-rate testing under access hoods. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Beamer, Bryan R AU - Topmiller, Jennifer L AU - Crouch, Keith G AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. bbeamer@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 423 EP - 429 VL - 1 IS - 7 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Smoke KW - Sulfur Hexafluoride KW - WS7LR3I1D6 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Filtration KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Smoke -- analysis KW - Anthrax -- microbiology KW - Air Microbiology KW - Postal Service KW - Bioterrorism KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Ventilation -- instrumentation KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Ventilation -- standards KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66686302?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Development+of+evaluation+procedures+for+local+exhaust+ventilation+for+United+States+postal+service+mail-processing+equipment.&rft.au=Beamer%2C+Bryan+R%3BTopmiller%2C+Jennifer+L%3BCrouch%2C+Keith+G&rft.aulast=Beamer&rft.aufirst=Bryan&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=423&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metronidazole resistance in Bacteroides spp. carrying nim genes and the selection of slow-growing metronidazole-resistant mutants. AN - 66681430; 15190033 AB - Human clinical isolates of Bacteroides spp. originating from patients in the UK were investigated for the presence of metronidazole resistance determinants (nim genes) and their presence was related to the MIC of metronidazole for the isolates. Isolates were screened for susceptibility to a metronidazole disc and had their MIC determined by the Etest method. They were investigated for the presence of nim genes by PCR. An experiment to determine the effect of prolonged exposure to metronidazole was applied to nim-positive isolates with MICs below the therapeutic breakpoint. Fifty of 206 isolates (24%) were found to possess nim genes and these had MICs of metronidazole ranging from 1.5 to >256 mg/L with 24 (11.6%) above the therapeutic breakpoint of 16 mg/L. The remaining 26 nim-gene-positive isolates had MICs that were still below the therapeutic breakpoint, ranging from 1.5 to 6.0 mg/L. nim genes were not found in 156 (76%) isolates, and all but seven of these were susceptible to a 5 microg disc of metronidazole. Ten members of the group for which the MICs were below the therapeutic level were found to have slow-growing sub-populations with metronidazole MICs ranging from 8.0 to >256 mg/L that became evident after prolonged exposure to metronidazole in vitro. This resistance selection process was sometimes reversible after passage in the absence of metronidazole; however, seven of the 10 slow-growing mutants converted to stable high-level resistance (MIC >256 mg/L). Although the presence of nim genes per se does not always equate to therapeutic resistance, and other metronidazole resistance mechanisms may exist, this study has shown that prolonged exposure of nim-gene-carrying Bacteroides spp. to metronidazole can select for therapeutic resistance. JF - The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy AU - Gal, Micaela AU - Brazier, J S AD - Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Service Wales, Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK. michaela.gal@nphs.wales.nhs.uk Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 109 EP - 116 VL - 54 IS - 1 SN - 0305-7453, 0305-7453 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Metronidazole KW - 140QMO216E KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - Mutation -- physiology KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Diffusion KW - Bacteroides Infections -- microbiology KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mutagenesis, Insertional KW - Bacteroides -- genetics KW - Bacterial Proteins -- genetics KW - Metronidazole -- pharmacology KW - Bacteroides -- growth & development KW - Bacteroides -- drug effects KW - Genes, Bacterial -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66681430?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+antimicrobial+chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Metronidazole+resistance+in+Bacteroides+spp.+carrying+nim+genes+and+the+selection+of+slow-growing+metronidazole-resistant+mutants.&rft.au=Gal%2C+Micaela%3BBrazier%2C+J+S&rft.aulast=Gal&rft.aufirst=Micaela&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+antimicrobial+chemotherapy&rft.issn=03057453&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Associations between plasma DDE levels and immunologic measures in African-American farmers in North Carolina. AN - 66676891; 15238281 AB - Experimental studies in rodents demonstrate evidence of immunosuppressive effects of dietary exposure to DDT [2,2-bis((italic)p(/italic)-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane], but human data pertaining to immunomodulating effects of DDT exposure are limited. In this study we examined the association between the persistent organochlorine breakdown product 1,1-dichloro-2,2,bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene p,p'-DDE) and immunologic measures using blood samples in a relatively highly exposed population of farmers in the United States. Levels of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG and the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies in relation to plasma p,p'-DDE levels were evaluated in samples from 137 African-American male farmers (30-88 years of age; median, 64 years). Participants were recruited through black churches in four rural counties in eastern North Carolina. Data collection included a telephone interview pertaining to farming practices and health history, and one blood sample was collected from each participant. Linear and logistic regression, adjusting for age, cholesterol, triglycerides, smoking status, and years of any kind of pesticide use, was used to assess the association between immunologic parameters and plasma levels of p,p'-DDE. The median plasma p,p'-DDE concentration was 7.7 microg/L (range, 0.6-77.4 microg/L). There was no association between p,p'-DDE and IgA in any of the models. IgG levels decreased with increasing p,p'-DDE levels, with a statistically significant decrease of approximately 50% in the highest two categories of exposure (greater than or equal to 6.0 microg/L) compared with values of or = 12.0 microg/L compared with < 3.0 microg/L p,p'-DDE), but this difference was not statistically significant. These analyses provide evidence that p,p'-DDE modulates immune responses in humans. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Cooper, Glinda S AU - Martin, Stephen A AU - Longnecker, Matthew P AU - Sandler, Dale P AU - Germolec, Dori R AD - Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1080 EP - 1084 VL - 112 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Immunoglobulin A KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Insecticides KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene KW - 4M7FS82U08 KW - Index Medicus KW - Agriculture KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - North Carolina KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Insecticides -- poisoning KW - Immunoglobulin G -- analysis KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene -- poisoning KW - Immunoglobulin A -- analysis KW - African Americans KW - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene -- blood KW - Antibody Formation -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66676891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Associations+between+plasma+DDE+levels+and+immunologic+measures+in+African-American+farmers+in+North+Carolina.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Glinda+S%3BMartin%2C+Stephen+A%3BLongnecker%2C+Matthew+P%3BSandler%2C+Dale+P%3BGermolec%2C+Dori+R&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Glinda&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1080&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Immunol Res. 1999;20(1):67-78 [10467984] Am J Epidemiol. 2001 Jan 1;153(1):53-63 [11159147] Lancet. 2001 Jul 14;358(9276):110-4 [11463412] Toxicology. 2002 Jun 5;174(3):201-10 [12007859] Epidemiology. 2002 Jul;13(4):454-8 [12094101] Ann Clin Biochem. 2002 Jul;39(Pt 4):374-7 [12117441] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Jul;110(7):617-24 [12117636] Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Aug;111(10):1273-7 [12896845] Pediatrics. 1966 May;37(5):715-27 [4956666] N Engl J Med. 1970 Sep 17;283(12):631-4 [4194865] Arch Environ Health. 1975 Feb;30(2):81-4 [234722] Infect Immun. 1978 Apr;20(1):30-5 [97225] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1982;50(4):329-40 [7174118] Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1984 Oct;33(1):13-22 [6478653] Am J Public Health. 1987 Oct;77(10):1294-7 [3115123] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1987 Nov;39(5):822-6 [3318960] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1987 Nov;39(5):827-34 [3690008] Arch Environ Health. 1991 Jul-Aug;46(4):249-53 [2069434] Arch Environ Health. 1992 Jul-Aug;47(4):295-301 [1497384] Arch Environ Health. 1993 Mar-Apr;48(2):81-8 [8476309] Arch Environ Health. 1993 Mar-Apr;48(2):89-93 [7682805] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1993 Oct;122(2):233-43 [8212005] Am J Public Health. 1995 Apr;85(4):504-8 [7702113] Nature. 1995 Jun 15;375(6532):581-5 [7791873] J AOAC Int. 1995 Nov-Dec;78(6):1353-63 [8664570] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Apr;104(4):362-9 [8732939] Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis. 1997 Mar;65(1):97-9 [9207760] Clin Invest Med. 1998 Feb;21(1):4-11 [9512879] Arthritis Rheum. 1998 Oct;41(10):1714-24 [9778212] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1999 May;36(4):504 [10227872] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 1999 Jun 25;57(4):225-36 [10406347] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Oct;107 Suppl 5:783-92 [10502545] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1992 Apr;48(4):535-40 [1504498] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Mar;108(3):205-11 [10706525] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Jan;109(1):27-33 [11171521] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alterations in specific gene expression and focal neoplastic growth during spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis in albumin-SV40 T antigen transgenic rats. AN - 66665417; 15224347 AB - Transgenic rats containing the mouse albumin promoter and enhancer directing the expression of simian virus (SV40) T antigen (T Ag) exhibited a 100% incidence of hepatic neoplasms by 24-36 wk of age. These transgenic rats exhibited expression of large T Ag and c-myc protein within focal basophilic lesions and nodules, but not in surrounding hepatocytes. At 24 wk of age, female TG+ rats exhibited a significantly greater number of lesions and a much greater percentage of the liver occupied by TG+ focal hepatic lesions than did their male TG+ littermates. Previous studies on these animals [Sargent et al., Cancer Res 1997;57:3451-3456] demonstrate that at 12 wk of age approximately one-third of metaphases in hepatocytes exhibit a duplication of the 1q3.7-1q4.1 region of rat chromosome 1, with the smallest common region of duplication being that of 1q4.1. Duplication of the 1q3.7-1q4.3 region is also noted in many primary hepatic neoplasms resulting from the multistage model of Initiation-Promotion-Progression (IPP) [Sargent et al., Cancer Res 1996;56:2985-2991]. This region is syntenic with human 11p15.5 and mouse 7ter, which have been implicated in the development of specific neoplasms. Within the syntenic region was a cluster of imprinted genes whose expression we investigated in livers and neoplasms of TG+ rats. H19 was expressed in almost all of the neoplasms, but not in normal adult liver cells. Igf2 expression was detected in the majority of hepatic neoplasms of female TG+ rats, but in a relatively smaller number of neoplasms of TG+ males. The expression of p57Kip2 (Kip2), a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that was also in the imprinted region, exhibited some variable increased expression predominantly in hepatic neoplasms from livers of female TG+ rats. Other imprinted genes within the imprinted gene cluster-insulin II (Ins2), Mash2 (which codes for a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor), and Kvlqt1 (coding for a component of a potassium transport channel)-showed no consistently different expression from that seen in normal hepatocytes. Another gene, also located on the long arm of chromosome 1, that showed changes was the ribonucleotide reductase M1 subunit (Rrm1), in which an increase in its expression was found. This was seen in hepatic neoplasms of TG+ rats of both sexes compared with surrounding normal-appearing liver. Because hepatic neoplasms developing in livers of rats treated with chemical carcinogens commonly exhibit an increased expression of c-myc mRNA, expression of this gene was investigated in focal lesions and livers of TG+ rats, although c-myc was not located on chromosome 1. c-myc mRNA was increased in focal lesions, nodules, and neoplasms in both male and female TG+ rats compared with adult and surrounding liver. Immunostaining for c-myc protein demonstrated detectable levels in isolated single cells as well as focal lesions and neoplasms. Thus, the enhanced c-myc expression, common to all hepatic neoplasms in this system, coupled with enhanced expression of Igf2 in female TG+ rats, may be responsible for the increase in growth rate in hepatic neoplasms of female TG+ rats compared with that in livers of male TG+ rats and may contribute to neoplastic progression in the liver of this transgenic model. JF - Molecular carcinogenesis AU - Dragan, Yvonne P AU - Sargent, Linda M AU - Babcock, Karlee AU - Kinunen, Nina AU - Pitot, Henry C AD - NCTR/FDA, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 150 EP - 159 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0899-1987, 0899-1987 KW - Albumins KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor II KW - 67763-97-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Chromosome Deletion KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Genes, myc KW - Humans KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- genetics KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc -- genetics KW - Insulin-Like Growth Factor II -- genetics KW - Animals, Genetically Modified KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- genetics KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- physiology KW - Albumins -- genetics KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- pathology KW - Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66665417?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Alterations+in+specific+gene+expression+and+focal+neoplastic+growth+during+spontaneous+hepatocarcinogenesis+in+albumin-SV40+T+antigen+transgenic+rats.&rft.au=Dragan%2C+Yvonne+P%3BSargent%2C+Linda+M%3BBabcock%2C+Karlee%3BKinunen%2C+Nina%3BPitot%2C+Henry+C&rft.aulast=Dragan&rft.aufirst=Yvonne&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.issn=08991987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends survey of abdomen and lumbosacral spine radiography. AN - 66662276; 15220497 AB - Results of the 1995 Nationwide Evaluation of X-ray Trends (NEXT) survey of facilities that perform diagnostic radiographic examinations of the abdomen and lumbosacral spine were compared with those of previous NEXT surveys conducted in 1987 and 1989. A clinically validated radiographic phantom was used in the 1995 survey to capture data about radiation exposure and image quality. Additional data were obtained regarding clinical techniques, facility workloads, x-ray beam quality, film processing quality, and darkroom fog. Mean skin-entrance air kerma for the abdomen examination dropped from 3.2 mGy (in 1987) to 2.8 mGy at hospitals and from 3.4 mGy (in 1989) to 3.0 mGy at nonhospital facilities. Mean skin-entrance air kerma also decreased for the lumbosacral spine examination from 3.7 mGy (in 1987) to 3.3 mGy at hospitals and from 3.8 mGy (in 1989) to 3.2 mGy at nonhospital facilities. The quality of film processing improved, although 58 (18.3%) of 317 surveyed facilities did not meet the Mammography Quality Standards Act standard for film processing quality, compared with 185 (5.9%) of 3,120 mammography facilities inspected in 1995. Finally, 181 (58.0%) of 312 surveyed facilities had darkroom fog levels greater than the Mammography Quality Standards Act standard, compared with 1,426 (16.6%) of 8,605 mammography facilities inspected in 1995. JF - Radiology AU - Spelic, David C AU - Kaczmarek, Richard V AU - Suleiman, Orhan H AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Division of Mammography Quality and Radiation Programs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 1350 Piccard Drive, HFZ-240, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. david.spelic@fda.hhs.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 115 EP - 125 VL - 232 IS - 1 SN - 0033-8419, 0033-8419 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Phantoms, Imaging KW - Radiography -- standards KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Radiometry KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Humans KW - X-Ray Intensifying Screens KW - Radiography -- statistics & numerical data KW - Radiography -- trends KW - Radiography, Abdominal -- trends KW - Radiography, Abdominal -- statistics & numerical data KW - Lumbar Vertebrae -- diagnostic imaging KW - Sacrum -- diagnostic imaging KW - Radiography, Abdominal -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66662276?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiology&rft.atitle=Nationwide+Evaluation+of+X-ray+Trends+survey+of+abdomen+and+lumbosacral+spine+radiography.&rft.au=Spelic%2C+David+C%3BKaczmarek%2C+Richard+V%3BSuleiman%2C+Orhan+H&rft.aulast=Spelic&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=232&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=115&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Radiology&rft.issn=00338419&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Expression profile of eukaryotic translation factors in human cancer tissues and cell lines. AN - 66661551; 15224349 AB - Several studies have demonstrated the overexpression of certain eukaryotic translation factors in human cancer cell lines and in malignant tissues. In this study, with human cancer cell lines derived from lungs, breast, prostate, and skin, we have examined the expression profile of 36 translation factors consisting of 27 initiation factors, 8 elongation factors, and 1 termination factor. Translation initiation factors 2C2 and 4E1 and translation elongation factors 1A2 and 1delta were found overexpressed (2- to 2000-fold) in many of the cancer cell lines compared to their corresponding normal cell lines. Among the translation factors analyzed, translation elongation factor 1A2 exhibited the most significant alteration in expression: 10- to 2000-fold overexpression was noticed in nine out of ten cancer cell lines analyzed. Whether the overexpression of translation elongation factor 1A2 can be used as a potential tumor marker was tested with the cancer profiling array (BD Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA) consisting of 241 paired cDNA samples generated from 13 different cancer/noncancer tissue types. Overexpression of translation elongation factor 1A2 was noticed in several tumor tissue samples, most notably in the human colon cancer samples which exhibited at least a twofold overexpression among 35% of the samples analyzed. Besides colon, tumor samples derived from lungs, kidney, rectum, and ovary also exhibited more than a twofold overexpression of translation elongation factor 1A2 in at least 20% of the samples analyzed. These results indicate that human carcinogenesis is often associated with alterations in the expression of various translation factors especially the overexpression of eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A2. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Molecular carcinogenesis AU - Joseph, Pius AU - O'Kernick, Christina M AU - Othumpangat, Sreekumar AU - Lei, Yi-Xiong AU - Yuan, Bao-Zhu AU - Ong, Tong-Man AD - Molecular Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 171 EP - 179 VL - 40 IS - 3 SN - 0899-1987, 0899-1987 KW - Eukaryotic Initiation Factors KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Male KW - Female KW - Skin Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Breast Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Eukaryotic Initiation Factors -- metabolism KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Lung Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Breast Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Skin Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Lung Neoplasms -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66661551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.atitle=Expression+profile+of+eukaryotic+translation+factors+in+human+cancer+tissues+and+cell+lines.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+Pius%3BO%27Kernick%2C+Christina+M%3BOthumpangat%2C+Sreekumar%3BLei%2C+Yi-Xiong%3BYuan%2C+Bao-Zhu%3BOng%2C+Tong-Man&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Pius&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+carcinogenesis&rft.issn=08991987&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The phantom of lactic acidosis due to metformin in patients with diabetes. AN - 66659551; 15220268 JF - Diabetes care AU - Misbin, Robert I AD - Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20851, USA. misbinr@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1791 EP - 1793 VL - 27 IS - 7 SN - 0149-5992, 0149-5992 KW - Hypoglycemic Agents KW - 0 KW - Metformin KW - 9100L32L2N KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Acidosis, Lactic -- chemically induced KW - Metformin -- administration & dosage KW - Hypoglycemic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Metformin -- adverse effects KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66659551?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diabetes+care&rft.atitle=The+phantom+of+lactic+acidosis+due+to+metformin+in+patients+with+diabetes.&rft.au=Misbin%2C+Robert+I&rft.aulast=Misbin&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1791&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diabetes+care&rft.issn=01495992&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) increases subsequent heroin taking but not heroin's reinforcing efficacy: a self-administration study in rats. AN - 66657096; 15039767 AB - One concern about the widespread use of cannabis is that exposure to its active ingredient, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), might increase future reinforcing effects of other abused drugs such as heroin. In this study, we investigated the effects of pre-exposure to THC on subsequent intravenous self-administration of heroin by Sprague-Dawley rats. In one group of rats, we studied (1) acquisition of heroin self-administration behavior using a continuous-reinforcement (fixed-ratio (FR) 1) schedule, (2) heroin dose-response relationships using an FR1/variable-dose schedule, and (3) reinforcing efficacy of heroin using a progressive-ratio schedule. The number of rats pre-exposed to THC that subsequently learned to self-administer 50 microg/kg injections of heroin within 10 daily sessions did not differ from vehicle-pretreated controls. In contrast, rats pre-exposed to THC subsequently self-administered significantly more heroin injections per session and showed significantly shorter post-injection pauses over a range of heroin doses (12.5-100 microg/kg/injection) using the variable-dose schedule. Interestingly, the maximum effort rats would exert to receive an injection of the different doses of heroin under the progressive-ratio schedule was not altered by THC pre-exposure. In a second group of rats, we varied the 'price' of heroin (responses required/dose), by manipulating FR response requirements at different doses of heroin across sessions, to calculate demand and response output curves. Again, consumption was significantly higher in the THC-treated rats at the lowest prices of heroin (FR1/100 microg/kg and FR1/50 microg/kg) but there were no differences in the reinforcing efficacy of heroin between THC- and vehicle-pretreated rats. Altogether, these results demonstrate that pre-exposure to THC alters some pharmacological effects of heroin that determine frequency of heroin taking, but offer no support for the hypothesis that pre-exposure to THC alters heroin's efficacy as a reinforcer. Copyright 2004 Nature Publishing Group JF - Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology AU - Solinas, M AU - Panlilio, L V AU - Goldberg, S R AD - Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 1301 EP - 1311 VL - 29 IS - 7 SN - 0893-133X, 0893-133X KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic KW - 0 KW - Narcotics KW - Heroin KW - 70D95007SX KW - Dronabinol KW - 7J8897W37S KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Drug Interactions KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Self Administration -- methods KW - Reinforcement Schedule KW - Heroin Dependence KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic -- pharmacology KW - Dronabinol -- pharmacology KW - Reinforcement (Psychology) KW - Narcotics -- administration & dosage KW - Heroin -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66657096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuropsychopharmacology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+College+of+Neuropsychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol+%28THC%29+increases+subsequent+heroin+taking+but+not+heroin%27s+reinforcing+efficacy%3A+a+self-administration+study+in+rats.&rft.au=Solinas%2C+M%3BPanlilio%2C+L+V%3BGoldberg%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Solinas&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1301&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuropsychopharmacology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+College+of+Neuropsychopharmacology&rft.issn=0893133X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Frequency of Tk and Hprt lymphocyte mutants and bone marrow micronuclei in mice treated neonatally with zidovudine and didanosine. AN - 66650548; 15215330 AB - The nucleoside analog zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, AZT), by itself or in combination with other anti- retroviral drugs, is used perinatally to prevent mother to child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. AZT is mutagenic in vitro and mutagenic and carcinogenic when administered to neonatal mice. A previous study indicated that the anti-retroviral agent didanosine (2',3'-dideoxyinosine, ddI) potentiated the mutagenicity of AZT in the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of cultured human TK6 lymphoblastoid cells. We have evaluated whether or not ddI affects the in vivo genotoxicity of AZT by breeding C57Bl/6N/Tk+/- female mice with C3H/HeNMTV male mice and treating the offspring daily on postnatal days 1-8 with 200 mg/kg ddI alone or in combination with 200 mg/kg AZT. One day after the last dose, bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) were obtained to assess the induction of micronuclei; 3 weeks following treatment, the induction of mutants was determined in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) and Tk genes of splenic T lymphocytes from B6C3F1/Tk+/- mice. The mixture of AZT and ddI, but not ddI alone, caused a significant increase in micronucleated PCEs. When assessed 3 weeks after dosing, ddI did not induce mutations in the Hprt or Tk genes. The mixture of AZT and ddI also did not induce mutations in the Hprt gene, but did induce a significant increase in Tk mutants, similar to that observed previously with AZT alone. The induction of mutations in the Tk gene by the mixture of AZT and ddI was associated with loss of the wild-type Tk+ allele. These data indicate that, under the conditions of this experiment, ddI is not mutagenic in neonatal B6C3F1/Tk+/- mice and that it does not potentiate the mutagenicity of AZT. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Von Tungeln, Linda S AU - Dobrovolsky, Vasily N AU - Bishop, Michelle E AU - Shaddock, Joseph G AU - Heflich, Robert H AU - Beland, Frederick A AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology and. Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 307 EP - 311 VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Didanosine KW - K3GDH6OH08 KW - Index Medicus KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Loss of Heterozygosity KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Female KW - Male KW - Didanosine -- toxicity KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- drug effects KW - Zidovudine -- toxicity KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- pathology KW - Lymphocytes -- enzymology KW - Didanosine -- administration & dosage KW - Zidovudine -- administration & dosage KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66650548?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Frequency+of+Tk+and+Hprt+lymphocyte+mutants+and+bone+marrow+micronuclei+in+mice+treated+neonatally+with+zidovudine+and+didanosine.&rft.au=Von+Tungeln%2C+Linda+S%3BDobrovolsky%2C+Vasily+N%3BBishop%2C+Michelle+E%3BShaddock%2C+Joseph+G%3BHeflich%2C+Robert+H%3BBeland%2C+Frederick+A&rft.aulast=Von+Tungeln&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=307&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonfatal occupational injuries from slips, trips, and falls among older workers treated in hospital emergency departments, United States 1998. AN - 66637488; 15202123 AB - Falls are a leading cause of injury among older adults. As the workforce demographics shift to an older population, the dearth of information on occupational falls among older adults must be addressed. A national probability sample of hospital emergency departments (EDs) (National Electronic Injury Surveillance System) was utilized to characterize falls at work. Older workers were found not to be at increased risk of a fall injury, but were more likely than younger workers to be hospitalized post-injury. Same-level falls were the most common type of incident among older workers. Falls from height were more prevalent among men than women. The narrative case descriptions for same-level falls to the floor primarily implicated floor contamination and tripping hazards. Fall prevention programs targeted to older workers must examine extrinsic sources of falls, particularly surface traction, contaminant control, and footwear. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Layne, Larry A AU - Pollack, Keshia M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. lal3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 32 EP - 41 VL - 46 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Probability KW - Industry -- classification KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Age Distribution KW - Population Surveillance KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- classification KW - Occupational Medicine -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidental Falls -- statistics & numerical data KW - Emergency Service, Hospital -- utilization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66637488?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Nonfatal+occupational+injuries+from+slips%2C+trips%2C+and+falls+among+older+workers+treated+in+hospital+emergency+departments%2C+United+States+1998.&rft.au=Layne%2C+Larry+A%3BPollack%2C+Keshia+M&rft.aulast=Layne&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Defining Social Work for the 21st Century: The International Federation of Social Workers' Revised Definition of Social Work AN - 61452518; 200405144 AB - The IFSW recently adopted a new joint international definition of social work, together with the IASSW. The definition embraces both traditional social work activities & social development, & addresses social work knowledge, values & practice in an age of globalization. This article analyzes the concepts selected & explains their meaning & significance for the profession. 1 Figure, 1 Appendix, 81 References. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Ltd., copyright 2004.] JF - International Social Work AU - Hare, Isadora AD - Office Adolescent Health, Maternal, & Child Health Bureau, US Dept Health & Human Services, Rockville, MD ihare@hrsa.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - July 2004 SP - 407 EP - 424 VL - 47 IS - 3 SN - 0020-8728, 0020-8728 KW - Codes of Conduct KW - Professional Associations KW - International Organizations KW - Social Workers KW - International Social Work KW - article KW - 6150: professional issues in social work UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61452518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Social+Work&rft.atitle=Defining+Social+Work+for+the+21st+Century%3A+The+International+Federation+of+Social+Workers%27+Revised+Definition+of+Social+Work&rft.au=Hare%2C+Isadora&rft.aulast=Hare&rft.aufirst=Isadora&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=407&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Social+Work&rft.issn=00208728&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0020872804043973 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 83 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - ISCWBL N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Professional Associations; Codes of Conduct; Social Workers; International Organizations; International Social Work DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872804043973 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) Approach to Pesticide Residue Analysis AN - 21047820; 5982426 AB - Without abstract. JF - Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology AU - Schenck, F J AU - Hobbs, JE AD - Southeast Regional Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street NE, Atlanta, GA 30309, United States Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 24 EP - 30 PB - Springer-Verlag, Life Science Journals, 175 Fifth Ave. New York NY 10010 USA, [mailto:orders@springer-ny.com], [URL:http://www.springer-ny.com/] VL - 73 IS - 1 SN - 0007-4861, 0007-4861 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Pesticide residues KW - Economics KW - Chemical analysis KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - X 24330:Agrochemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21047820?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Quick%2C+Easy%2C+Cheap%2C+Effective%2C+Rugged%2C+and+Safe+%28QuEChERS%29+Approach+to+Pesticide+Residue+Analysis&rft.au=Schenck%2C+F+J%3BHobbs%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Schenck&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bulletin+of+Environmental+Contamination+and+Toxicology&rft.issn=00074861&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00128-004-0388-y LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pesticide residues; Economics; Chemical analysis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-004-0388-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of Bacillus anthracis by multiprobe microarray hybridization AN - 20091962; 7583489 AB - We have developed a rapid assay based on microarray analysis of amplified genetic markers for reliable identification of Bacillus anthracis and its discrimination from other closely related bacterial species of the Bacillus cereus group. By combining polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of six B. anthracis-specific genes (plasmid-associated genes encoding virulence factors (cyaA, pagA, lef, and capA, capB, capC) and one chromosomal marker BA-5449) with analysis of amplicons by microarray hybridization, we were able to unambiguously identify and discriminate B. anthracis among other closely related species. Bacillus identification relied on hybridization with multiple individual microarray oligonucleotide probes (oligoprobes) specific to each target B. anthracis gene. Evaluation of the assay was conducted using several B. anthracis strains (with or without pXO1 and pXO2 plasmids) as well as over 50 other species phylogenetically related to B. anthracis, including B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, B. mycoides, and B. subtilis. The developed microarray analysis of amplified genetic markers protocol provides an efficient method for (i) unambiguous identification and discrimination of B. anthracis from other Bacillus species and (ii) distinguishing between plasmid-containing and plasmid-free Bacillus anthracis strains. JF - Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease AU - Volokhov, Dmitriy AU - Pomerantsev, Andrei AU - Kivovich, Violetta AU - Rasooly, Avraham AU - Chizhikov, Vladimir AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Kensington, MD 20895, USA, chizhikov@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 163 EP - 171 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 49 IS - 3 SN - 0732-8893, 0732-8893 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Multiplex PCR KW - pXO1 KW - pXO2 KW - Virulence factors KW - Anthrax toxins KW - Phylogeny KW - virulence factors KW - Genetic markers KW - Probes KW - Bacillus cereus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Plasmids KW - Oligonucleotides KW - LEF protein KW - W 30900:Methods KW - J 02300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20091962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diagnostic+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Disease&rft.atitle=Identification+of+Bacillus+anthracis+by+multiprobe+microarray+hybridization&rft.au=Volokhov%2C+Dmitriy%3BPomerantsev%2C+Andrei%3BKivovich%2C+Violetta%3BRasooly%2C+Avraham%3BChizhikov%2C+Vladimir&rft.aulast=Volokhov&rft.aufirst=Dmitriy&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=163&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diagnostic+Microbiology+and+Infectious+Disease&rft.issn=07328893&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.diagmicrobio.2004.03.015 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phylogeny; virulence factors; Genetic markers; Probes; Polymerase chain reaction; Plasmids; Oligonucleotides; LEF protein; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus anthracis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2004.03.015 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Special Article: National Surveillance of Dialysis-Associated Diseases in the United States, 2001 AN - 19849715; 6608892 AB - In December 2001, all U.S. chronic hemodialysis (HD) centers were surveyed regarding selected patient care practices and dialysis-associated diseases. The results were compared with similar surveys conducted in previous years. During 1997-2001, the percentage of patients vaccinated against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection increased from 47% to 60% and the percentage of staff vaccinated increased from 87% to 89%. In 2001, an estimated 65% of patients had been vaccinated for influenza and 26% for pneumococcal pneumonia. In 2001, routine testing for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) was performed on staff at 42% of centers and on patients at 62% of centers; anti-HCV was found in 1.5% of staff and 8.6% of patients. In 2001, the incidence of HBV infection was higher among patients in centers where injectable medications were prepared at the dialysis station, and both HCV prevalence and incidence were higher among patients in centers where injectable medications were prepared at the dialysis station compared to a dedicated medication room. During 1995-2001, the percentage of patients who received dialysis through central catheters increased from 13% to 25%; this trend is worrisome, as infections and antimicrobial use are higher among patients receiving dialysis through catheters. However, during the same period, the percentage of patients receiving dialysis through fistulas increased from 22% to 30%. In 2001, 25% of catheters were used for new patients awaiting an arteriovenous (AV) access, 28% for established patients with a failed access awaiting new AV access, 40% as an access of last resort, and 6% for other reasons, including patient preference. The percentage of centers reporting one or more patients infected or colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) increased from 12% in 1995 to 31% in 2001. JF - Seminars in Dialysis AU - Tokars, Jerome I AU - Finelli, Lyn AU - Alter, Miriam J AU - Arduino, Matthew J AD - National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, LFinelli@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 310 EP - 319 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 0894-0959, 0894-0959 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Influenza KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Antibodies KW - Hepatitis B virus KW - Hepatitis C virus KW - Enterococcus KW - Catheters KW - Vaccination KW - Hemodialysis KW - Pneumonia KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - J 02400:Human Diseases KW - V 22400:Human Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19849715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seminars+in+Dialysis&rft.atitle=Special+Article%3A+National+Surveillance+of+Dialysis-Associated+Diseases+in+the+United+States%2C+2001&rft.au=Tokars%2C+Jerome+I%3BFinelli%2C+Lyn%3BAlter%2C+Miriam+J%3BArduino%2C+Matthew+J&rft.aulast=Tokars&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=310&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Seminars+in+Dialysis&rft.issn=08940959&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.0894-0959.2004.17339.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Figures, 6; tables, 15; references, 22. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Influenza; Antibodies; Catheters; Hemodialysis; Vaccination; Pneumonia; Antimicrobial agents; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Hepatitis C virus; Hepatitis B virus; Enterococcus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0894-0959.2004.17339.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CpG oligonucleotides improve the protective immune response induced by the anthrax vaccination of rhesus macaques AN - 18036856; 5978586 AB - Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs act as immune adjuvants, improving the immune response elicited by co-administered vaccines. Combining CpG ODN with anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA, the licensed human vaccine) increased the speed, magnitude and avidity of the resultant anti- anthrax response. The protective activity of these Abs was established by passive transfer to anthrax-challenged mice. The ability of CpG ODN to accelerate and magnify the immune response to AVA suggests this strategy may contribute to the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines against biothreat pathogens. JF - Vaccine AU - Klinman, D M AU - Xie, H AU - Little, S F AU - Currie, D AU - Ivins, B E AD - Section of Retroviral Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bldg. 29A, Rm. 3 D 10, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, klinman@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 2881 EP - 2886 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann, 313 Washington St. Newton MA 02158 USA VL - 22 IS - 21-22 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Rhesus monkey KW - Rhesus monkeys KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - CpG oligonucleotide KW - Anthrax KW - Vaccine adjuvant rPA, recombinant PA antigen KW - PA, protective antigen KW - AVA, anthrax vaccine adsorbed (licensed human anthrax vaccine) KW - ODN, oligodeoxynucleotide KW - DNA vaccines KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Vaccines KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Oligonucleotides KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18036856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=CpG+oligonucleotides+improve+the+protective+immune+response+induced+by+the+anthrax+vaccination+of+rhesus+macaques&rft.au=Klinman%2C+D+M%3BXie%2C+H%3BLittle%2C+S+F%3BCurrie%2C+D%3BIvins%2C+B+E&rft.aulast=Klinman&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=21-22&rft.spage=2881&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2003.12.020 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA vaccines; Anthrax; Vaccines; Oligonucleotides; Macaca mulatta; Bacillus anthracis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.12.020 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differences in Mortality by Radiation Monitoring Status in an Expanded Cohort of Portsmouth Naval Shipyard Workers AN - 18010423; 5983879 AB - Studies of leukemia and lung cancer mortality at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNS) have yielded conflicting results. In an expanded cohort of PNS workers employed between 1952 and 1992 and followed through 1996, the all-cause standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.93-0.96). Employment duration SMRs were elevated with confidence intervals excluding 1.00 for lung cancer, esophageal cancer, and all cancers combined. Leukemia mortality was as expected overall, but standardized rate ratio analyses showed a significant positive linear trend with increasing external radiation dose. The role of solvent exposures could not be evaluated. Findings differed by radiation monitoring subcohort, with excess asbestosis deaths limited to radiation workers and several smoking-related causes of death higher among nonmonitored workers. At PNS, asbestos exposure and possibly smoking could be nonrandomly distributed with respect to radiation exposure, suggesting potential for confounding in internal analyses of an occupational cohort. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Silver AU - Daniels, R D AU - Taulbee, T D AU - Zaebst, D D AU - Kinnes, G M AU - Couch, J R AU - Kubale, T L AU - Yiin, J H AU - Schubauer-Berigan, M K AU - Chen, Pi-Hsueh AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies (DSHEFS), 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-44, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, zre4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 677 EP - 690 VL - 46 IS - 7 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - shipyards KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Smoking KW - Leukemia KW - Radiation KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - Mortality KW - Asbestos KW - Solvents KW - Cancer KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety KW - P 8000:RADIATION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18010423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Differences+in+Mortality+by+Radiation+Monitoring+Status+in+an+Expanded+Cohort+of+Portsmouth+Naval+Shipyard+Workers&rft.au=Silver%3BDaniels%2C+R+D%3BTaulbee%2C+T+D%3BZaebst%2C+D+D%3BKinnes%2C+G+M%3BCouch%2C+J+R%3BKubale%2C+T+L%3BYiin%2C+J+H%3BSchubauer-Berigan%2C+M+K%3BChen%2C+Pi-Hsueh&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=677&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000128154.79025.2a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cancer; Radiation; Occupational exposure; Mortality; Leukemia; Lung cancer; Solvents; Asbestos; Smoking DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000128154.79025.2a ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of an I-E super(d)-Restricted T-Cell Epitope of Escherichia coli Outer Membrane Protein F AN - 17991251; 5939649 AB - A predominant T-cell epitope of Escherichia coli outer membrane protein F (OmpF) that encompasses amino acids 295 to 314 was identified in H-2 super(d) mice. BALB/c-derived T-cell hybridomas generated against this region were CD3 super(+), CD4 super(+), CD8 super(-), and T-cell receptor alpha beta super(+) and secreted TH-1-associated cytokines (interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon), but not a TH-2-associated cytokine (IL-4), when restimulated with peptide 295-314. Class II super(+) mouse lymphoma (A20) cells, but not class II(-) mouse mastocytoma (P815) cells, supported IL-2 secretion of hybridomas when substituted for syngeneic splenocytes as antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Antibodies specific for I-E super(d) blocked IL-2 secretion by hybridomas, but I-A super(d)-specific antiserum did not. When transfected L cells expressing I-A super(d) (A alpha A beta super(d)), I-E super(d) (E alpha E beta super(d)), or the hybrid molecule I-E alpha A beta super(d) were used as APCs, hybridomas recognized peptide only when presented by the I-E super(d)- transfected cells. When peptide 295-314 truncated at either the C or the N terminus of the sequence was used, the minimal epitope was determined. Critical residues were determined by using alanine-substituted peptide analogues. T-cell hybridomas were only stimulated by peptides that encompassed amino acids 295 to 303 (9-mer), and the core sequence required a minimum of three additional amino acids at either the amino or the carboxy terminus to induce IL-2 secretion. Critical residues were determined to be phenylalanine at position 295, threonine at position 300, and tyrosines at positions 301 and 302. This study is the first to identify a minimal T-cell epitope and major histocompatibility complex restriction element of the OmpF protein and confirms previous observations that there is considerable degeneracy in the length of peptides that can bind I- E super(d) and variability in the amino acid composition of the C and N termini of these peptides. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Williams, K M AU - Bigley, EC III AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Immunobiology Branch, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, kwillia2@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 3907 EP - 3913 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 72 IS - 7 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - epitopes KW - mice KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Outer membranes KW - Escherichia coli KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Cytokines KW - Membrane proteins KW - Epitopes KW - double prime F protein KW - J 02832:Antigenic properties and virulence KW - F 06008:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17991251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Identification+of+an+I-E+super%28d%29-Restricted+T-Cell+Epitope+of+Escherichia+coli+Outer+Membrane+Protein+F&rft.au=Williams%2C+K+M%3BBigley%2C+EC+III&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3907&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.72.7.3907-3913.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Outer membranes; Lymphocytes T; Cytokines; Membrane proteins; Epitopes; double prime F protein; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.7.3907-3913.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Natural Atypical Listeria innocua Strains with Listeria monocytogenes Pathogenicity Island 1 Genes AN - 17731328; 5963417 AB - Identification of bona fide Listeria isolates into the six species of the genus normally requires only a few tests. Aberrant isolates do occur, but even then only one or two extra confirmatory tests are generally needed for identification to species level. We have discovered a hemolytic-positive, rhamnose and xylose fermentation-negative Listeria strain with surprising recalcitrance to identification to the species level due to contradictory results in standard confirmatory tests. The issue had to be resolved by using total DNA-DNA hybridization testing and then confirmed by further specific PCR- based tests including a Listeria microarray assay. The results show that this isolate is indeed a novel one. Its discovery provides the first fully documented instance of a hemolytic Listeria innocua strain. This species, by definition, is typically nonhemolytic. The L. innocua isolate contains all the members of the PrfA-regulated virulence gene cluster (Listeria pathogenicity island 1) of L. monocytogenes. It is avirulent in the mouse pathogenicity test. Avirulence is likely at least partly due to the absence of the L. monocytogenes-specific allele of iap, as well as the absence of inlA, inlB, inlC, and daaA. At least two of the virulence cluster genes, hly and plcA, which encode the L. monocytogenes hemolysin (listeriolysin O) and inositol-specific phospholipase C, respectively, are phenotypically expressed in this L. innocua strain. The detection by PCR assays of specific L. innocua genes (lin0198, lin0372, lin0419, lin0558, lin1068, lin1073, lin1074, lin2454, and lin2693) and noncoding intergenic regions (lin0454-lin0455 and nadA-lin2134) in the strain is consistent with its L. innocua DNA-DNA hybridization identity. Additional distinctly different hemolytic L. innocua strains were also studied. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Johnson, J AU - Jinneman, K AU - Stelma, G AU - Smith, B G AU - Lye, D AU - Messer, J AU - Ulaszek, J AU - Evsen, L AU - Gendel, S AU - Bennett, R W AU - Swaminathan, B AU - Pruckler, J AU - Steigerwalt, A AU - Kathariou, S AU - Yildirim, S AU - Volokhov, D AU - Rasooly, A AU - Chizhikov, V AU - Wiedmann, M AU - Fortes, E AU - Duvall, R E AU - Hitchins, AD AD - Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, Washington Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 4256 EP - 4266 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 70 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Xylose KW - Phospholipase C KW - Listeria innocua KW - Hybridization KW - pathogenicity islands KW - Virulence KW - IAP protein KW - Pathogenicity KW - DNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Hemolysins KW - listeriolysin O KW - Rhamnose KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17731328?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Natural+Atypical+Listeria+innocua+Strains+with+Listeria+monocytogenes+Pathogenicity+Island+1+Genes&rft.au=Johnson%2C+J%3BJinneman%2C+K%3BStelma%2C+G%3BSmith%2C+B+G%3BLye%2C+D%3BMesser%2C+J%3BUlaszek%2C+J%3BEvsen%2C+L%3BGendel%2C+S%3BBennett%2C+R+W%3BSwaminathan%2C+B%3BPruckler%2C+J%3BSteigerwalt%2C+A%3BKathariou%2C+S%3BYildirim%2C+S%3BVolokhov%2C+D%3BRasooly%2C+A%3BChizhikov%2C+V%3BWiedmann%2C+M%3BFortes%2C+E%3BDuvall%2C+R+E%3BHitchins%2C+AD&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=4256&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - IAP protein; Virulence; pathogenicity islands; Xylose; Pathogenicity; Phospholipase C; DNA; Polymerase chain reaction; Hemolysins; Hybridization; Rhamnose; listeriolysin O; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeria innocua ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Epidemic Clone I-Specific Genetic Markers in Strains of Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 4b from Foods AN - 17715615; 5963403 AB - Listeria monocytogenes contamination of ready-to-eat foods has been implicated in numerous outbreaks of food-borne listeriosis. However, the health hazards posed by L. monocytogenes detected in foods may vary, and speculations exist that strains actually implicated in illness may constitute only a fraction of those that contaminate foods. In this study, examination of 34 serogroup 4 (putative or confirmed serotype 4b) isolates of L. monocytogenes obtained from various foods and food-processing environments, without known implication in illness, revealed that many of these strains had methylation of cytosines at GATC sites in the genome, rendering their DNA resistant to digestion by the restriction endonuclease Sau3AI. These strains also harbored a gene cassette with putative restriction-modification system genes as well as other, genomically unlinked genetic markers characteristic of the major epidemic- associated lineage of L. monocytogenes (epidemic clone I), implicated in numerous outbreaks in Europe and North America. This may reflect a relatively high fitness of strains with these genetic markers in foods and food-related environments relative to other serotype 4b strains and may partially account for the repeated involvement of such strains in human food-borne listeriosis. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Yildirim, Suleyman AU - Lin, Wen AU - Hitchins, Anthony D AU - Jaykus, Lee-Ann AU - Altermann, Eric AU - Klaenhammer, Todd R AU - Kathariou, Sophia AD - Department of Food Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina. Food and Drug Administration, Irvine, California. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 4158 EP - 4164 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 70 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Fitness KW - Genomes KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Epidemics KW - Serotypes KW - Contamination KW - Listeriosis KW - Food KW - Food contamination KW - Cytosine KW - Genetic markers KW - DNA methylation KW - Restriction-modification KW - Endonuclease KW - Methylation KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17715615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Epidemic+Clone+I-Specific+Genetic+Markers+in+Strains+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+Serotype+4b+from+Foods&rft.au=Yildirim%2C+Suleyman%3BLin%2C+Wen%3BHitchins%2C+Anthony+D%3BJaykus%2C+Lee-Ann%3BAltermann%2C+Eric%3BKlaenhammer%2C+Todd+R%3BKathariou%2C+Sophia&rft.aulast=Yildirim&rft.aufirst=Suleyman&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=4158&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Genomes; Fitness; Serotypes; Epidemics; Contamination; Listeriosis; Food; Food contamination; Cytosine; Genetic markers; DNA methylation; Restriction-modification; Endonuclease; Methylation; Listeria monocytogenes ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Mutation Spectra and Resistance to Quinolones in Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis with a Mutator Phenotype AN - 17705329; 5949414 AB - Resistance to quinolone antibiotics has been associated with single- nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA. Mutations in the gyrA gene were compared by using mutant populations derived from wild-type Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and its isogenic mutS::Tn10 mutator counterpart. Spontaneous mutants arising during nonselective growth were isolated by selection with either nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin, or ciprofloxacin. QRDR SNPs were identified in approximately 70% (512 of 695) of the isolates via colony hybridization with radiolabeled oligonucleotide probes. Notably, transition base substitution SNPs in the QRDR were dramatically increased in mutants derived from the mutS strain. Some, but not all, antibiotic-resistant mutants lacking QRDR SNPs were resistant to tetracycline and chloramphenicol, consistent with alterations in nonspecific efflux pumps or other membrane transport mechanisms. Changing the selection conditions shifted the mutation spectrum. Selection with ciprofloxacin was least likely to yield a mutant harboring either a QRDR SNP or chloramphenicol resistance. Selection with enrofloxacin was more likely to yield mutants containing Ser83right arrowPhe mutations, whereas selection with ciprofloxacin or nalidixic acid favored recovery of Asp87right arrowGly mutants. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella strains isolated from veterinary or clinical settings frequently display a mutational spectrum with a preponderance of transition SNPs in the QRDR, the pattern found in vitro among mutS mutator mutants reported here. Both the preponderance of transition mutations and the varied mutation spectra reported for veterinary and clinical isolates suggest that bacterial mutators defective in methyl-directed mismatch repair may play a role in the emergence of quinolone and fluoroquinolone resistance in feral settings. JF - Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy AU - Levy, Dan D AU - Sharma, Bhavana AU - Cebula, Thomas A AD - Division of Molecular Biology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 2355 EP - 2363 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 48 IS - 7 SN - 0066-4804, 0066-4804 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Clinical isolates KW - Chloramphenicol KW - mismatch repair KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Quinolones KW - Probes KW - Antibiotics KW - Tetracyclines KW - Oligonucleotides KW - gyrA gene KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - Colonies KW - Enrofloxacin KW - Single-nucleotide polymorphism KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Nalidixic acid KW - Mutation KW - J 02806:Quinones, quinolones and quinolines KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17705329?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Single-Nucleotide+Polymorphism+Mutation+Spectra+and+Resistance+to+Quinolones+in+Salmonella+enterica+Serovar+Enteritidis+with+a+Mutator+Phenotype&rft.au=Levy%2C+Dan+D%3BSharma%2C+Bhavana%3BCebula%2C+Thomas+A&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2355&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antimicrobial+Agents+%26+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=00664804&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clinical isolates; Chloramphenicol; mismatch repair; Fluoroquinolones; Quinolones; Probes; Antibiotics; Tetracyclines; Oligonucleotides; gyrA gene; Ciprofloxacin; Colonies; Enrofloxacin; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Nalidixic acid; Mutation; Salmonella enterica ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of methods to assess change in children's body composition AN - 17704277; 5956508 AB - Background: Little is known about how simpler and more available methods to measure change in body fatness compare with criterion methods such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in children. Objective: Our objective was to determine the ability of air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) and formulas based on triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to estimate changes in body fat over time in children. Design: Eighty-six nonoverweight and overweight boys (n = 34) and girls (n = 52) with an average age of 11.0 plus or minus 2.4 y underwent ADP, TSF measurement, BIA, and DXA to estimate body fatness at baseline and 1 plus or minus 0.3 y later. Recent equations were used to estimate percentage body fat by TSF measurement (Dezenberg equation) and by BIA (Suprasongsin and Lewy equations). Percentage body fat estimates by ADP, TSF measurement, and BIA were compared with those by DXA. Results: All methods were highly correlated with DXA (P < 0.001). No mean bias for estimates of percentage body fat change was found for ADP (Siri equation) compared with DXA for all subjects examined together, and agreement between body fat estimation by ADP and DXA did not vary with race or sex. Magnitude bias was present for ADP relative to DXA (P < 0.01). Estimates of change in percentage body fat were systematically overestimated by BIA equations (1.37 plus or minus 6.98%; P < 0.001). TSF accounted for only 13% of the variance in percentage body fat change. Conclusion: Compared with DXA, there appears to be no noninvasive and simple method to measure changes in children's percentage body fat accurately and precisely, but ADP performed better than did TSF or BIA. ADP could prove useful for measuring changes in adiposity in children. JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition AU - Elberg, J AU - McDuffie, J R AU - Sebring, NG AU - Salaita, C AU - Keil, M AU - Robotham, D AU - Reynolds, J C AU - Yanovski, JA AD - Unit on Growth and Obesity, Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the Nutrition Department and the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Warren Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 64 EP - 69 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9165, 0002-9165 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Obesity KW - Scanning KW - Nutrition (effects) KW - Body composition KW - PE 030:Exercise, Health & Physical Fitness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17704277?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+methods+to+assess+change+in+children%27s+body+composition&rft.au=Elberg%2C+J%3BMcDuffie%2C+J+R%3BSebring%2C+NG%3BSalaita%2C+C%3BKeil%2C+M%3BRobotham%2C+D%3BReynolds%2C+J+C%3BYanovski%2C+JA&rft.aulast=Elberg&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=64&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.issn=00029165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Nutrition (effects); Body composition; Scanning; Obesity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanical Properties of Biomimetic Tissue Adhesive Based on the Microbial Transglutaminase-Catalyzed Crosslinking of Gelatin AN - 17314970; 6121004 AB - Fibrin sealants are a type of soft tissue adhesive that employs biochemical reactions from the late stages of the blood coagulation cascade. Intrinsic to these adhesives are a structural protein and a transglutaminase crosslinking enzyme. We are investigating an alternative biomimetic adhesive based on gelatin and a calcium-independent microbial transglutaminase (mTG). Rheological measurements show that mTG catalyzes the conversion of gelatin solutions into hydrogels, and gel times are on the order of minutes depending on the gelatin type and concentration. Tensile static and dynamic loading of the adhesive hydrogels in bulk form demonstrated that the Young's modulus ranged from 15 to 120 kPa, and these bulk properties were comparable to those reported for hydrogels obtained from fibrin-based sealants. Lap-shear adhesion tests of porcine tissue were performed using a newly published American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard for tissue adhesives. The gelatin-mTG adhesive bound the opposing tissues together with ultimate adhesive strengths of 12-23 kPa which were significantly higher than the strength observed for fibrin sealants. Even after failure, strands of the gelatin-mTG adhesive remained attached to both of the opposing tissues. These results suggest that gelatin-mTG adhesives may offer the benefits of fibrin sealants without the need for blood products. JF - Biomacromolecules AU - MeDermott, M K AU - Chen, Tianhong AU - Williams, C M AU - Markley, K M AU - Payne, G F AD - Division of Mechanics and Materials Science, Office of Science and Technology, Food and Drug Administration, 9200 Corporate Blvd., HFZ-150, Rockville, MD 20850, USA Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 1270 EP - 1279 VL - 5 IS - 4 SN - 1525-7797, 1525-7797 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 110:Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17314970?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomacromolecules&rft.atitle=Mechanical+Properties+of+Biomimetic+Tissue+Adhesive+Based+on+the+Microbial+Transglutaminase-Catalyzed+Crosslinking+of+Gelatin&rft.au=MeDermott%2C+M+K%3BChen%2C+Tianhong%3BWilliams%2C+C+M%3BMarkley%2C+K+M%3BPayne%2C+G+F&rft.aulast=MeDermott&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biomacromolecules&rft.issn=15257797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protein microarray detection strategies: focus on direct detection technologies AN - 17275743; 6045675 AB - Protein microarrays are being utilized for functional proteomic analysis, providing information not obtainable by gene arrays. Microarray technology is applicable for studying protein-protein, protein-ligand, kinase activity and posttranslational modifications of proteins. A precise and sensitive protein microarray, the direct detection or reverse-phase microarray, has been applied to ongoing clinical trials at the National Cancer Institute for studying phosphorylation events in EGF-receptor-mediated cell signaling pathways. The variety of microarray applications allows for multiple, creative microarray designs and detection strategies. Herein, we discuss detection strategies and challenges for protein microarray technology, focusing on direct detection of protein microarrays. JF - Journal of Immunological Methods AU - Espina, V AU - Woodhouse, E C AU - Wulfkuhle, J AU - Asmussen, H D AU - Petricoin, EF III AU - Liotta, LA AD - FDA-NCI Clinical Proteomics Program, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Room B1B53, Bldg. 10, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, espinav@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 121 EP - 133 VL - 290 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1759, 0022-1759 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Phosphorylation KW - Protein arrays KW - Protein kinase KW - Epidermal growth factor receptors KW - F 06713:Physicochemical methods KW - W3 33243:Molecular methods KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17275743?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.atitle=Protein+microarray+detection+strategies%3A+focus+on+direct+detection+technologies&rft.au=Espina%2C+V%3BWoodhouse%2C+E+C%3BWulfkuhle%2C+J%3BAsmussen%2C+H+D%3BPetricoin%2C+EF+III%3BLiotta%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Espina&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=290&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.issn=00221759&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jim.2004.04.013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Protein arrays; Protein kinase; Phosphorylation; Epidermal growth factor receptors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2004.04.013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Public Health Risk of Arsenic Contamination at a Public Park in Deer Lodge, Montana AN - 16176546; 5956020 AB - This paper reports an effort by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to identify whether the arsenic soil concentrations in a public park in Montana were a health concern for park users. Concern was expressed especially for children in the nearby town of about 3,500 who may visit the park regularly. To address this concern, the ATSDR designed and conducted a soil sampling program of the park in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Montana state health and environmental agencies, and the local county government. The sampling design focused on taking composite samples from the most-used areas of the park, such as trails, benches, picnic tables, and other areas where exposure to soil was more likely. Standard EPA methods were used for sampling and laboratory analysis. Results were compared to a risk-based concentration (RBC) of 684 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) which was based on the exposure of a child to park soil 48 times a year. This RBC was developed by the EPA with the concurrence of the other agencies involved. The results indicate that general recreational use of the park is safe. JF - Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management AU - Dyken, J J AU - Crellin, J R AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Superfund Site Assessment Branch, U.S. Public Health Service, Mailstop E32, 1600 Clifton Rd., NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA, jdyken@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/07// PY - 2004 DA - Jul 2004 SP - 155 EP - 160 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1090-025X, 1090-025X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Arsenic KW - Recreation areas KW - USA, Montana, Deer Lodge KW - Pollution effects KW - Soil contamination KW - Public health KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16176546?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Practice+Periodical+of+Hazardous%2C+Toxic%2C+and+Radioactive+Waste+Management&rft.atitle=Public+Health+Risk+of+Arsenic+Contamination+at+a+Public+Park+in+Deer+Lodge%2C+Montana&rft.au=Dyken%2C+J+J%3BCrellin%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Dyken&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-07-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Practice+Periodical+of+Hazardous%2C+Toxic%2C+and+Radioactive+Waste+Management&rft.issn=1090025X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1061%2F%28ASCE%291090-025X%282004%298%3A3%28155%29 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Arsenic; Recreation areas; Pollution effects; Soil contamination; Public health; USA, Montana, Deer Lodge DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-025X(2004)8:3(155) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Autoclave sterilization produces acrylamide in rodent diets: implications for toxicity testing. AN - 66647360; 15212490 AB - Acrylamide (AA) is a neurotoxic and carcinogenic contaminant that is formed during the cooking of starchy foods. Assessment of human risks from toxicants is routinely performed using laboratory rodents, and such testing requires careful control of unintended exposures, particularly through the diet. This study describes an analytical method based on liquid chromatography with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry that was used to measure endogenous AA in rodent diets and to survey a number of commercial products for contamination. Method sensitivity permitted accurate quantification of endogenous levels of AA in raw diets below 20 ppb. Autoclaving a standard rodent diet (NIH-31) increased the AA content 14-fold, from 17 to 240 ppb. A nutritionally equivalent diet that was sterilized by irradiation was found to contain approximately 10 ppb of AA (NIH-31IR). A toxicokinetic study of AA and its epoxide metabolite, glycidamide, was performed by switching mice from NIH-31IR to the autoclaved diet for a 30 min feeding period (average AA dose administered was 4.5 microg/kg of body weight). The concentrations of AA and glycidamide were measured in serum collected at various times. The elimination half-lives and the areas under the respective concentration-time curves were similar for AA and glycidamide. Mice maintained on autoclaved NIH-31 diet, but otherwise untreated, showed elevated steady state levels of a glycidamide-derived DNA adduct in liver relative to mice maintained on the irradiated diet. This study demonstrates that a heat sterilization procedure used in laboratory animal husbandry (i.e., autoclaving) can lead to the formation of significant levels of AA in basal diets used for toxicity testing. AA in rodent diets is bioavailable, is distributed to tissues, and is metabolically activated to a genotoxic metabolite, which produces quantifiable cumulative DNA damage. Although the contribution of endogenous AA to the incidence of tumors in multiple organs of rodents otherwise untreated in chronic carcinogenicity bioassays (i.e., control groups) is not known, the reduction of endogenous AA through the use of a suitable irradiated diet was deemed to be critical for ongoing studies of AA carcinogenicity and neurotoxicity. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Twaddle, Nathan C AU - Churchwell, Mona I AU - McDaniel, L Patrice AU - Doerge, Daniel R AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, U S Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/06/30/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 30 SP - 4344 EP - 4349 VL - 52 IS - 13 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Acrylamide KW - 20R035KLCI KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization KW - Hot Temperature KW - Animals KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Mice KW - Pressure KW - Male KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Sterilization -- methods KW - Acrylamide -- blood KW - Acrylamide -- toxicity KW - Acrylamide -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66647360?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Autoclave+sterilization+produces+acrylamide+in+rodent+diets%3A+implications+for+toxicity+testing.&rft.au=Twaddle%2C+Nathan+C%3BChurchwell%2C+Mona+I%3BMcDaniel%2C+L+Patrice%3BDoerge%2C+Daniel+R&rft.aulast=Twaddle&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft.date=2004-06-30&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=4344&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial drug delivery in food animals and microbial food safety concerns: an overview of in vitro and in vivo factors potentially affecting the animal gut microflora. AN - 72014422; 15191795 AB - This review provides an overview of considerations particular to the delivery of antimicrobial agents to food animals. Antimicrobial drugs are used in food animals for a variety of purposes. These drugs may have therapeutic effects against disease agents, or may cause changes in the structure and/or function of systems within the target animal. Routes of administration, quantity, duration, and potency of an antimicrobial drug are all important factors affecting their action(s) and success. Not only might targeted pathogens be affected, but also bacteria residing in (or on) the treated food animals, especially in the intestines (gastrointestinal tract microflora). Resistance to antimicrobial agents can occur through a number of mechanisms. The extent to which resistance develops is greatly affected by the amount of drug [or its metabolite(s)] a bacterium is exposed to, the duration of exposure, and the interaction between an individual antimicrobial agent and a particular bacterium. The impact of antimicrobial agents on the emergence of resistance in vitro and in vivo may not readily correlate. JF - Advanced drug delivery reviews AU - Yan, S Steve AU - Gilbert, Jeffrey M AD - Division of Human Food Safety, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, 7500 Standish Place, HFV-150, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. Y1 - 2004/06/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 23 SP - 1497 EP - 1521 VL - 56 IS - 10 SN - 0169-409X, 0169-409X KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Swine KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Animals KW - Poultry KW - Cattle KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Bacterial Infections -- prevention & control KW - Bacterial Infections -- veterinary KW - Bacterial Infections -- drug therapy KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Food Microbiology KW - Gastrointestinal Tract -- drug effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Gastrointestinal Tract -- microbiology KW - Drug Delivery Systems -- veterinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72014422?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advanced+drug+delivery+reviews&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+drug+delivery+in+food+animals+and+microbial+food+safety+concerns%3A+an+overview+of+in+vitro+and+in+vivo+factors+potentially+affecting+the+animal+gut+microflora.&rft.au=Yan%2C+S+Steve%3BGilbert%2C+Jeffrey+M&rft.aulast=Yan&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-06-23&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1497&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Advanced+drug+delivery+reviews&rft.issn=0169409X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutations Induced by the Carcinogenic Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Riddelliine in the Liver cII Gene of Transgenic Big Blue Rats AN - 18001550; 5949115 AB - Riddelliine is a naturally occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloid that forms a number of different mononucleotide and dinucleotide adducts in DNA. It is a rodent carcinogen and a potential human hazard via food contamination. To examine the mutagenicity of riddelliine, groups of six female transgenic Big Blue rats were gavaged with 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg riddelliine per kg body weight. The middle and high doses resulted in liver tumors in a previous carcinogenesis bioassay. The animals were treated 5 days a week for 12 weeks and sacrificed 1 day after the last treatment. The liver DNA was isolated for analysis of the mutant frequency (MF) in the transgenic cII gene, and the types of mutations were characterized by sequencing the mutants. A significant dose-dependent increase in MF was found, increasing from 30 x 10 super(-6) in the control animals to 47, 55, and 103 x 10 super(-6) in the low, middle, and high dose groups, respectively. Molecular analysis of the mutants indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the mutational spectra from the riddelliine-treated and the control rats. A G:C arrow right T:A transversion (35%) was the major type of mutation in rats treated with riddelliine, whereas a G:C arrow right A:T transition (55%) was the predominant mutation in the controls. In addition, mutations from the riddelliine-treated rats included an unusually high frequency (8%) of tandem base substitutions of GG arrow right TT and GG arrow right AT. These results indicate that riddelliine is a genotoxic carcinogen in rat liver and that the types of mutations induced by riddelliine are consistent with riddelliine adducts involving G:C base pairs. JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology AU - Mei, N AU - Heflich, R H AU - Chou, M W AU - Chen, T AD - Divisions of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology and Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA Y1 - 2004/06/21/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 21 SP - 814 EP - 818 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - riddelliine KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Genetics Abstracts KW - Mutagenicity KW - Genotoxicity KW - Carcinogens KW - Mutants KW - Alkaloids KW - Liver KW - Mutation KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - G 07401:Rodentia (rats) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18001550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Mutations+Induced+by+the+Carcinogenic+Pyrrolizidine+Alkaloid+Riddelliine+in+the+Liver+cII+Gene+of+Transgenic+Big+Blue+Rats&rft.au=Mei%2C+N%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BChou%2C+M+W%3BChen%2C+T&rft.aulast=Mei&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-06-21&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=814&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Ftx049955b LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alkaloids; Genotoxicity; Mutagenicity; Liver; Carcinogens; Mutants; Mutation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx049955b ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diesel exhaust, solvents, and other occupational exposures as risk factors for wheeze among farmers. AN - 72004793; 15070818 AB - Farmers engage in activities that result in exposure to diesel exhaust, solvents, welding fumes, and other respiratory irritants. Using the Agricultural Health Study, a cohort of pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina, we evaluated the odds of wheeze associated with nonpesticide occupational exposures. We used logistic regression models controlling for age, state, smoking, and history of asthma or atopy to evaluate odds of wheeze in the past year among the 20898 farmers who provided complete information on all covariates. Driving diesel tractors was associated with elevated odds of wheeze (odds ratio = 1.31; 95% confidence interval = 1.13, 1.52); the odds ratio for driving gasoline tractors was 1.11 (95% confidence interval = 1.02, 1.21). A duration-response relationship was observed for driving diesel tractors but not for driving gasoline tractors. Activities involving solvent exposure, including painting and use of solvents for cleaning, were associated with an increased odds of wheeze in a duration-dependent fashion. The highest odds of wheeze for farm activities were for daily painting (odds ratio = 1.82; 95% confidence interval = 0.89, 3.73), an indication of daily solvent exposure. These results add to the growing body of evidence of adverse respiratory effects of diesel exposure on the lung and suggest exposure to solvents may contribute as well. JF - American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine AU - Hoppin, Jane A AU - Umbach, David M AU - London, Stephanie J AU - Alavanja, Michael C R AU - Sandler, Dale P AD - Epidemiology Branch and Biostatistics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233, USA. hoppin1@niehs.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/06/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 15 SP - 1308 EP - 1313 VL - 169 IS - 12 SN - 1073-449X, 1073-449X KW - Solvents KW - 0 KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - North Carolina -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- chemically induced KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate -- chemically induced KW - Middle Aged KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Iowa -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate -- epidemiology KW - Respiratory Sounds -- etiology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Solvents -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Vehicle Emissions -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72004793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.atitle=Diesel+exhaust%2C+solvents%2C+and+other+occupational+exposures+as+risk+factors+for+wheeze+among+farmers.&rft.au=Hoppin%2C+Jane+A%3BUmbach%2C+David+M%3BLondon%2C+Stephanie+J%3BAlavanja%2C+Michael+C+R%3BSandler%2C+Dale+P&rft.aulast=Hoppin&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.date=2004-06-15&rft.volume=169&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1308&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+respiratory+and+critical+care+medicine&rft.issn=1073449X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality from Solid Cancers among Workers in Formaldehyde Industries AN - 17786939; 6157448 AB - In industrial workers, formaldehyde exposure has been associated with cancer of the nasal cavities, nasopharynx, prostate, lung, and pancreas; however, these associations are inconsistent and remain controversial. Animals exposed to formaldehyde show excesses of nasal cancer. In an extended follow-up of a large cohort of formaldehyde-exposed workers, the authors evaluated mortality from solid cancers (1,921 deaths) among 25,619 workers (865,708 person-years) employed in 10 US formaldehyde-producing or -using facilities through 1994. Exposure assessment included quantitative estimates of formaldehyde exposure. Standardized mortality ratios and relative risks were calculated. Compared with that for the US population, mortality from solid cancers was significantly lower than expected among subjects exposed and nonexposed to formaldehyde (standardized mortality ratios = 0.91 and 0.78, respectively). Relative risks for nasopharyngeal cancer (nine deaths) increased with average exposure intensity, cumulative exposure, highest peak exposure, and duration of exposure to formaldehyde (p-trend = 0.066, 0.025, <0.001, and 0.147, respectively). Formaldehyde exposure did not appear to be associated with lung (744 deaths), pancreas (93 deaths), or brain (62 deaths) cancer. Although relative risks for prostate cancer (145 deaths) were elevated for some measures of formaldehyde exposure, the trend was inconsistent. In this cohort of formaldehyde-industry workers, some evidence was found of an exposure-response relation with mortality from nasopharyngeal cancer (based on small numbers) but not for cancers of the pancreas, brain, lung, or prostate. JF - American Journal of Epidemiology AU - Hauptmann, M AU - Lubin, J H AU - Stewart, P A AU - Hayes, R B AU - Blair, A AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA Y1 - 2004/06/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 15 SP - 1117 EP - 1130 VL - 159 IS - 12 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Formaldehyde KW - Cancer KW - USA KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17786939?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.atitle=Mortality+from+Solid+Cancers+among+Workers+in+Formaldehyde+Industries&rft.au=Hauptmann%2C+M%3BLubin%2C+J+H%3BStewart%2C+P+A%3BHayes%2C+R+B%3BBlair%2C+A&rft.aulast=Hauptmann&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-15&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1117&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Mortality; Cancer; Formaldehyde; Occupational exposure; Lung cancer ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The 12-month prevalence and trends in DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: United States, 1991-1992 and 2001-2002. AN - 72022607; 15194200 AB - Alcohol abuse and dependence can be disabling disorders, but accurate information is lacking on the prevalence of current DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence and how this has changed over the past decade. The purpose of this study was to present nationally representative data on the prevalence of 12-month DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in 2001-2002 and, for the first time, to examine trends in alcohol abuse and dependence between 1991-1992 and 2001-2002. Prevalences and trends of alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States were derived from face-to-face interviews in the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism's (NIAAA) 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC: n = 43, 093 ) and NIAAA's 1991-1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES: n= 42, 862 ). Prevalences of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in 2001-2002 were 4.65 and 3.81%. Abuse and dependence were more common among males and among younger respondents. The prevalence of abuse was greater among Whites than among Blacks, Asians, and Hispanics. The prevalence of dependence was higher in Whites, Native Americans, and Hispanics than Asians. Between 1991-1992 and 2001-2002, abuse increased while dependence declined. Increases in alcohol abuse were observed among males, females, and young Black and Hispanic minorities, while the rates of dependence rose among males, young Black females and Asian males. This study underscores the need to continue monitoring prevalence and trends and to design culturally sensitive prevention and intervention programs. JF - Drug and alcohol dependence AU - Grant, Bridget F AU - Dawson, Deborah A AU - Stinson, Frederick S AU - Chou, S Patricia AU - Dufour, Mary C AU - Pickering, Roger P AD - Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9304, USA. bgrant@willco.niaaa.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/06/11/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 11 SP - 223 EP - 234 VL - 74 IS - 3 SN - 0376-8716, 0376-8716 KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Adult KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Alcoholism -- diagnosis KW - Alcoholism -- psychology KW - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72022607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+and+alcohol+dependence&rft.atitle=The+12-month+prevalence+and+trends+in+DSM-IV+alcohol+abuse+and+dependence%3A+United+States%2C+1991-1992+and+2001-2002.&rft.au=Grant%2C+Bridget+F%3BDawson%2C+Deborah+A%3BStinson%2C+Frederick+S%3BChou%2C+S+Patricia%3BDufour%2C+Mary+C%3BPickering%2C+Roger+P&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Bridget&rft.date=2004-06-11&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=223&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+and+alcohol+dependence&rft.issn=03768716&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Deaths: injuries, 2001. AN - 66665725; 15222463 AB - This report presents injury mortality data for 2001 using the external cause of injury mortality matrix for the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), a detailed and comprehensive framework for tabulating and presenting injury deaths by mechanism and intent of death. Data are presented by age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, and State. This report also presents data on injury deaths classified according to the nature of the injury sustained. Deaths resulting from the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, are presented and the impact of these deaths on the trends in injury mortality is discussed. This report supplements the annual report of final mortality statistics. Data in this report are based on information from all death certificates filed in the 50 States and the District of Columbia in 2001. Causes of death and nature of injury are processed and coded in accordance with the ICD-10. In 2001, 157,078 resident deaths occurred as the result of injuries. Of these injury deaths, 64.6 percent were classified as unintentional, 19.5 percent were suicides, 12.9 percent were homicides, 2.7 percent were of undetermined intent, and 0.3 percent involved legal intervention or operations of war. The five leading mechanisms of injury death were motor vehicle traffic, firearm, poisoning, falls, and suffocation, accounting for 78 percent of all injury deaths. A head injury was mentioned in 32 percent of injury deaths and was the most commonly mentioned injury condition resulting in death. Poisoning and toxic effects were the second most common, mentioned in 16 percent of injury deaths and were the underlying cause of 14 percent of injury deaths. In 2001, 36,753 deaths (1.6 percent of deaths) had a natural underlying cause of death but included one or more mentions of an external cause on the death certificate. Injury mortality data presented in this report using the external cause of injury mortality matrix for ICD-10 provide detail on the mechanism of death needed for research and other activities related to injury prevention. This report also highlights the importance of multiple causes of death when analyzing injury mortality data. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) is involved in several ongoing projects related to the study of injury and injury mortality. JF - National vital statistics reports : from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System AU - Anderson, Robert N AU - Miniño, Arialdi M AU - Fingerhut, Lois A AU - Warner, Margaret AU - Heinen, Melissa A AD - Division of Vital Statistics, US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Hyattsville, Maryland 20782, USA. Y1 - 2004/06/02/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 02 SP - 1 EP - 86 VL - 52 IS - 21 SN - 1551-8922, 1551-8922 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Age Distribution KW - Child, Preschool KW - Infant KW - Terrorism -- statistics & numerical data KW - Hispanic Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Terrorism -- ethnology KW - Continental Population Groups -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adult KW - Death Certificates KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Male KW - Female KW - Wounds and Injuries -- classification KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- ethnology KW - Cause of Death UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66665725?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+vital+statistics+reports+%3A+from+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention%2C+National+Center+for+Health+Statistics%2C+National+Vital+Statistics+System&rft.atitle=Deaths%3A+injuries%2C+2001.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Robert+N%3BMini%C3%B1o%2C+Arialdi+M%3BFingerhut%2C+Lois+A%3BWarner%2C+Margaret%3BHeinen%2C+Melissa+A&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-06-02&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+vital+statistics+reports+%3A+from+the+Centers+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention%2C+National+Center+for+Health+Statistics%2C+National+Vital+Statistics+System&rft.issn=15518922&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - 1-3 piezoelectric composite transducers for swept-frequency calibration of hydrophones from 100 kHz to 2 MHz. AN - 85383943; pmid-15237815 AB - Rapid calibration of hydrophones used in biomedical ultrasound is possible with swept frequency techniques such as time delay spectrometry. However, calibrations below 2 MHz largely have been neglected because of insufficient transmitting transducer bandwidth, even though important medical applications operate in this range. To address this deficiency, several transmitting transducer designs were developed and tested, and two 1-3 piezoelectric composite designs were found to have the requisite bandwidth and uniformity of response. In one the element has a plane front face and spherically concave back face (plano-concave), and in the second both faces are concave, but with different radii of curvature (biconcave). The nonuniform thickness disperses the thickness resonance, and the composite structure suppresses radial-mode resonances. Also, the composite's lower acoustic impedance provides a more efficient match to water. The piezoelectric composite transducers were found to have transmitting pressure sensitivities superior to ceramic single-element and segmented designs having similar dimensions, and their responses were significantly more uniform (< 25 dB variation from 0.1-2 MHz, with < 1 dB fine structure variation), likely due to decreased contributions from radial modes. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Harris, Gerald R AU - Gammell, Paul M AD - Food and Drug Administration, 9200 Corporate Boulevard, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. gerald.harris@fda.hhs.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 2914 EP - 2918 VL - 115 IS - 6 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Calibration: standards KW - Ceramics KW - Composite Resins KW - Electric Conductivity KW - Equipment Design KW - Polymers KW - Pressure KW - *Transducers: standards KW - *Ultrasonography: instrumentation KW - Ultrasonography: standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85383943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=1-3+piezoelectric+composite+transducers+for+swept-frequency+calibration+of+hydrophones+from+100+kHz+to+2+MHz.&rft.au=Harris%2C+Gerald+R%3BGammell%2C+Paul+M&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2914&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transient temperature rise due to ultrasound absorption at a bone/soft-tissue interface. AN - 85382844; pmid-15237812 AB - Thermal effects due to high ultrasound absorption in bone pose an ongoing safety issue. Of considerable concern is the heating of the soft tissue adjacent to the bone surface. Mathematical models can be useful in predicting the transient temperature near the interface during insonation. This paper develops a model that provides the temperature field in terms of simple expressions that convey the functional dependence of the material properties, and are easily incorporated into standards and ultrasound machine software, yet are able to incorporate the material properties of both bone and soft tissue. The model contains an asymptotic theory based upon a "high-attenuation" assumption: the distance diffused by heat over the time of interest is large compared to the ultrasound attenuation length. Model predictions of temperature rise and location of maximum temperature were in close agreement with finite-element calculations, using parameters appropriate for radiation-force imaging and focused-ultrasound surgery. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Myers, Matthew R AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, HFZ-132, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 2887 EP - 2891 VL - 115 IS - 6 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Animals KW - Bone and Bones: physiology KW - *Bone and Bones: ultrasonography KW - Energy Metabolism KW - Hot Temperature: adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Hyperthermia, Induced KW - Models, Biological KW - Muscles: physiology KW - *Muscles: ultrasonography KW - Thermal Conductivity KW - *Ultrasonics KW - Ultrasonography: methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85382844?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Transient+temperature+rise+due+to+ultrasound+absorption+at+a+bone%2Fsoft-tissue+interface.&rft.au=Myers%2C+Matthew+R&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2887&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Association of pesticide exposure with neurologic dysfunction and disease. AN - 72026773; 15198914 AB - Poisoning by acute high-level exposure to certain pesticides has well-known neurotoxic effects, but whether chronic exposure to moderate levels of pesticides is also neurotoxic is more controversial. Most studies of moderate pesticide exposure have found increased prevalence of neurologic symptoms and changes in neurobehavioral performance, reflecting cognitive and psychomotor dysfunction. There is less evidence that moderate exposure is related to deficits in sensory or motor function or peripheral nerve conduction, but fewer studies have considered these outcomes. It is possible that the most sensitive manifestation of pesticide neurotoxicity is a general malaise lacking in specificity and related to mild cognitive dysfunction, similar to that described for Gulf War syndrome. Most studies have focused on organophosphate insecticides, but some found neurotoxic effects from other pesticides, including fungicides, fumigants, and organochlorine and carbamate insecticides. Pesticide exposure may also be associated with increased risk of Parkinson disease; several classes of pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, have been implicated. Studies of other neurodegenerative diseases are limited and inconclusive. Future studies will need to improve assessment of pesticide exposure in individuals and consider the role of genetic susceptibility. More studies of pesticides other than organophosphates are needed. Major unresolved issues include the relative importance of acute and chronic exposure, the effect of moderate exposure in the absence of poisoning, and the relationship of pesticide-related neurotoxicity to neurodegenerative disease. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Kamel, Freya AU - Hoppin, Jane A AD - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. kamel@niehs.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 950 EP - 958 VL - 112 IS - 9 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Parkinson Disease -- etiology KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Risk Assessment KW - Nervous System Diseases -- etiology KW - Pesticides -- poisoning KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72026773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Association+of+pesticide+exposure+with+neurologic+dysfunction+and+disease.&rft.au=Kamel%2C+Freya%3BHoppin%2C+Jane+A&rft.aulast=Kamel&rft.aufirst=Freya&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=950&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Res. 2001 May;86(1):37-45 [11386739] Mov Disord. 2001 May;16(3):565-8 [11391760] Environ Res. 2001 Jun;86(2):122-7 [11437458] Am J Ind Med. 2001 Jul;40(1):42-54 [11439396] Neurobiol Dis. 2002 Jul;10(2):119-27 [12127150] Hum Exp Toxicol. 2002 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[13042137] Can Med Assoc J. 1965 Mar 20;92:597-602 [14264969] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2000 Feb 25;59(4):229-34 [10706031] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Apr;108(4):293-300 [10753086] Neurology. 1992 Jul;42(7):1328-35 [1620342] Br J Ind Med. 1992 Sep;49(9):615-9 [1390266] Mov Disord. 1999 Nov;14(6):928-39 [10584666] J Clin Psychiatry. 1999 Nov;60(11):776-82 [10584768] Am J Med Genet. 1999 Dec 15;88(6):742-9 [10581500] Neurotoxicology. 1999 Oct;20(5):819-26 [10591517] Ann Occup Hyg. 1999 Nov;43(8):519-25 [10616325] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1999 Nov-Dec;60(6):789-93 [10635545] Am J Ind Med. 2000 Jun;37(6):618-28 [10797505] Int J Epidemiol. 2000 Apr;29(2):323-9 [10817132] Occup Environ Med. 2000 Mar;57(3):195-200 [10810102] Lancet. 2000 Sep 9;356(9233):912-3 [11036900] Nat Neurosci. 2000 Dec;3(12):1301-6 [11100151] J Neurosci. 2000 Dec 15;20(24):9207-14 [11124998] Neurotoxicology. 2000 Oct;21(5):837-46 [11130289] Occup Environ Med. 2001 Jan;58(1):24-30 [11119631] Lancet. 2001 Mar 31;357(9261):1014-6 [11293598] Ann Occup Hyg. 2001 Apr;45(3):227-39 [11295146] Can J Neurol Sci. 2001 May;28(2):144-7 [11383940] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Severe pulmonary pathology after intravenous administration of vectors in cirrhotic rats. AN - 72016952; 15194060 AB - After an intravascular injection, adenoviral vectors are normally taken up by the reticuloendothelial system in the liver, where they rapidly trigger an innate response. However, we have previously found that the biodistribution of adenoviral vectors is altered in cirrhotic rats due to the presence of pulmonary intravascular macrophages, which cause a shift in vector uptake from the liver to the lungs. We now report that this is correlated with fatal pulmonary hemorrhagic edema in cirrhotic rats. In addition, cirrhotic rats reacted to vector with enormous increases in TNF-alpha and IL-6 and markedly prolonged coagulation times. Although we also saw fatal reactions to high doses of adenoviral vectors in normal rats, the time course and symptoms were very different, and pulmonary hemorrhagic edema was seen only in cirrhotic rats. Because abnormal pulmonary reticuloendothelial uptake is known to occur in humans during cirrhosis and other diseases, there is the potential that intravascular administration of adenoviral vectors might cause lung pathology in such patients. JF - Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy AU - Smith, Jeffrey S AU - Tian, Jie AU - Lozier, Jay N AU - Byrnes, Andrew P AD - Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 932 EP - 941 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1525-0016, 1525-0016 KW - Interleukin-6 KW - 0 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Prothrombin KW - 9001-26-7 KW - Thromboplastin KW - 9035-58-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Interleukin-6 -- metabolism KW - Mononuclear Phagocyte System -- physiopathology KW - Genetic Therapy KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- genetics KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- physiology KW - Hemorrhage -- etiology KW - Rats KW - Interleukin-6 -- blood KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Interleukin-6 -- genetics KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- analysis KW - Prothrombin -- analysis KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- metabolism KW - Thromboplastin -- analysis KW - Genetic Vectors -- administration & dosage KW - Pulmonary Edema -- etiology KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental -- complications KW - Genetic Vectors -- toxicity KW - Pulmonary Edema -- pathology KW - Adenoviridae -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72016952?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+therapy+%3A+the+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=Severe+pulmonary+pathology+after+intravenous+administration+of+vectors+in+cirrhotic+rats.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BTian%2C+Jie%3BLozier%2C+Jay+N%3BByrnes%2C+Andrew+P&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=932&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+therapy+%3A+the+journal+of+the+American+Society+of+Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=15250016&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-24 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-25 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work-related asthma-like symptoms among florists. AN - 72008321; 15189959 AB - In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of work-related asthma-like symptoms and possible risk factors among florists in Turkey. We collected questionnaire data from 128 florists, and investigated occupational history and respiratory, ocular, dermal, and nasal symptoms. We evaluated pulmonary function tests with spirometry and atopy by using the skin-prick test. Possible risk factors were analyzed by age-adjusted, smoking-adjusted, and gender-adjusted logistic regression models comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. The prevalence of work-related asthma-like symptoms was 14.1% (18 patients). We observed excess risk with a high work intensity (odds ratio [OR], 7.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 51.8) and long work duration (OR, 5.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 21.6). Florists with work-related asthma-like symptoms were 5.9 times more likely (95% CI, 1.4 to 24.3) to have a positive skin test response to a flower mix allergen. We also observed an excess risk for work-related asthma-like symptoms among those with allergic rhinitis (OR, 13.2; 95% CI, 3.1 to 56.4) and conjunctivitis (OR, 8.4; 95% CI, 2.4 to 29.2). The most prominent risk factors in florists were work intensity, work duration, and specific atopy. JF - Chest AU - Akpinar-Elci, Muge AU - Elci, Omur Cinar AU - Odabasi, Aygul AD - Division of Respiratory Diseases Studies, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA. mra8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 2336 EP - 2339 VL - 125 IS - 6 SN - 0012-3692, 0012-3692 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Patch Tests KW - Child KW - Risk Assessment KW - Age Distribution KW - Adult KW - Health Surveys KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Turkey -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Allergens -- adverse effects KW - Adolescent KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Flowers -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Flowers -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72008321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chest&rft.atitle=Work-related+asthma-like+symptoms+among+florists.&rft.au=Akpinar-Elci%2C+Muge%3BElci%2C+Omur+Cinar%3BOdabasi%2C+Aygul&rft.aulast=Akpinar-Elci&rft.aufirst=Muge&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=125&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=2336&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chest&rft.issn=00123692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Neuroimaging: strategies to illuminate environment-disease linkages. Session II. Summary and research needs. AN - 71999728; 15183002 JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Slikker, William AU - Pogge, Amy AU - Walker, Ronald AU - Chatziiannou, Arion AU - Charles, Cecil AU - Ellisman, Mark Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 501 EP - 502 VL - 25 IS - 4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- diagnosis KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- prevention & control KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Diagnostic Imaging -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71999728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Neuroimaging%3A+strategies+to+illuminate+environment-disease+linkages.+Session+II.+Summary+and+research+needs.&rft.au=Slikker%2C+William%3BPogge%2C+Amy%3BWalker%2C+Ronald%3BChatziiannou%2C+Arion%3BCharles%2C+Cecil%3BEllisman%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuroimaging: new approaches for neurotoxicology. AN - 71996053; 15183007 AB - Over the last 20 years, the impact of imaging on the clinical sciences is unquestionable. It has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Interestingly, the use of imaging in preclinical neurotoxicology has been relatively negligible. This has been in part due to the lack of knowledge or understanding of the capabilities of these powerful technologies. However, some of the more immediately applicable imaging approaches could impact the present approach to neurotoxicology. In addition, the recent advent of the development of imagers specifically for application to small animals will provide the opportunity of obtaining information for neurotoxicological risk assessment in a more timely and relevant manner. The ability to visualize changes in structure and function due to neurotoxic insult in a noninvasive manner is a promising direction. Changes in anatomy of soft and hard tissue, metabolism, function and gene expression can now be done in both a preclinical and a clinical setting using such technologies as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance imaging microscopy (MRM), and positron emission tomography (PET). This type of information is not readily accessible using conventional preclinical neurotoxicological procedures and usually requires total destruction of the intrinsic structure of the sample of interest. Imaging provides an opportunity to produce much of these data in a nondestructive manner and presents the data in a three-dimensional format. This permits longitudinal studies of the same subject subsequently reducing the number of animals required for studies while providing more information. In addition, as these technologies have been primarily developed for clinical purposes, they provide an outstanding opportunity for cross-species and animal-to-human extrapolation and testing. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Pogge, Amy AU - Slikker, William AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicology Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA. apogge@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 525 EP - 531 VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- diagnosis KW - Diagnostic Imaging -- trends KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- metabolism KW - Diagnostic Imaging -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71996053?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Neuroimaging%3A+new+approaches+for+neurotoxicology.&rft.au=Pogge%2C+Amy%3BSlikker%2C+William&rft.aulast=Pogge&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=525&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: Neurotoxicology. 2005 Mar;26(2):293 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Distribution of Giardia duodenalis genotypes and subgenotypes in raw urban wastewater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. AN - 71990286; 15184191 AB - Giardia cysts in 131 raw wastewater samples from Milwaukee, Wis., were genotyped by sequence analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase gene which showed the presence of two distinct genotypes (assemblages A and B) of Giardia duodenalis. Of the 131 samples, 111 belonged to assemblage A, and the remaining samples belonged to assemblage B. A high degree of genetic polymorphism was evident within the assemblage B cluster, with 10 distinct subgenotypes identified, eight of which have not been reported before. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Sulaiman, Irshad M AU - Jiang, Jianlin AU - Singh, Ajaib AU - Xiao, Lihua AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA. Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 3776 EP - 3780 VL - 70 IS - 6 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - DNA, Protozoan KW - 0 KW - Sewage KW - Triose-Phosphate Isomerase KW - EC 5.3.1.1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Triose-Phosphate Isomerase -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Genetic Variation KW - Animals KW - Base Sequence KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - DNA, Protozoan -- analysis KW - Wisconsin KW - Waste Disposal, Fluid KW - Sewage -- microbiology KW - Giardia -- genetics KW - Water Microbiology KW - Giardia -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71990286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Distribution+of+Giardia+duodenalis+genotypes+and+subgenotypes+in+raw+urban+wastewater+in+Milwaukee%2C+Wisconsin.&rft.au=Sulaiman%2C+Irshad+M%3BJiang%2C+Jianlin%3BSingh%2C+Ajaib%3BXiao%2C+Lihua&rft.aulast=Sulaiman&rft.aufirst=Irshad&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3776&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY368160; GENBANK; AY368170; AY368161; AY368171; AY368165; AY368164; AY368163; AY368162; AY368159; AY368169; AY368168; AY368167; AY368166; AY368157; AY368158 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Nov;9(11):1444-52 [14718089] J Parasitol. 1987 Jun;73(3):623-9 [3598809] J Protozool. 1988 Feb;35(1):52-4 [3285001] J Parasitol. 1990 Oct;76(5):717-24 [2213415] Exp Parasitol. 1990 Nov;71(4):470-82 [2226707] J Med Microbiol. 1992 May;36(5):347-52 [1588586] FASEB J. 1993 Jan;7(1):223-31 [8422968] Exp Parasitol. 1994 Feb;78(1):85-92 [8299763] Parasitology. 1996 Jan;112 ( Pt 1):1-12 [8587793] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Aug;62(8):2789-97 [8702271] J Parasitol. 1997 Feb;83(1):44-51 [9057695] Parasitology. 1998 Jan;116 ( Pt 1):7-19 [9481769] J Parasitol. 1998 Apr;84(2):294-300 [9576501] Parasitol Res. 1998 Jun;84(6):442-9 [9660132] Int J Parasitol. 1998 Aug;28(8):1179-85 [9762562] Parasitol Res. 1998 Sep;84(9):707-14 [9766898] Int J Parasitol. 1998 Sep;28(9):1341-5 [9770618] Mol Biol Evol. 1999 Sep;16(9):1135-44 [10486969] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Jun;69(6):3393-8 [12788741] Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999 Oct;61(4):526-9 [10548284] Water Sci Technol. 2003;47(3):21-6 [12639000] Vet Parasitol. 2002 Sep 10;108(2):97-107 [12208038] Can J Microbiol. 2002 Jun;48(6):530-41 [12166680] Int J Parasitol. 2002 Aug;32(9):1201-2 [12117503] Int J Parasitol. 2002 Jul;32(8):1023-30 [12076631] Chin Med J (Engl). 2002 Jan;115(1):99-102 [11930671] J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Feb;40(2):446-52 [11825955] Int J Parasitol. 2001 Jun;31(8):822-6 [11403774] J Parasitol. 2000 Aug;86(4):887-91 [10958483] Parasitol Res. 2003 Jun;90(2):119-23 [12756545] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peripheral neuropathy in patients treated with leflunomide. AN - 71989799; 15179412 AB - Our objective was to describe the clinical features, time course, and outcome of new-onset peripheral neuropathy occurring in patients treated with leflunomide. Case reports of peripheral neuropathy submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration in association with leflunomide use were reviewed. Data on patient demographics, underlying medical conditions and medications, details of leflunomide therapy, and treatment and outcome of the neuropathy event were abstracted. Time to neuropathy onset and time to improvement or recovery were analyzed by survival analysis. Of 80 reported patients, 61% were women. The patients' mean age was 62 years. Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy began after a mean of 6 months of leflunomide use (range, 3 days to 3 years). Electrodiagnostic testing in 37 patients was consistent with a distal axonal, sensory, or sensorimotor polyneuropathy in most patients. Patients who stopped leflunomide use within 30 days of neuropathy symptom onset were more likely to have improvement or recovery than those who continued taking leflunomide for a longer period (P <.001). Leflunomide use is associated with peripheral neuropathy in some patients. This neuropathy is usually axonal in nature, affecting multiple sensory or motor nerves of distal extremities. Patients who stopped leflunomide use within 30 days of symptom onset were more likely to have improvement of symptoms or complete recovery than were patients who continued to use the drug for longer periods of time. JF - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Bonnel, Renan A AU - Graham, David J AD - Office of Drug Safety, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. bonnelr@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 580 EP - 585 VL - 75 IS - 6 SN - 0009-9236, 0009-9236 KW - Isoxazoles KW - 0 KW - leflunomide KW - G162GK9U4W KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Chi-Square Distribution KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Peripheral Nervous System Diseases -- epidemiology KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- statistics & numerical data KW - Isoxazoles -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- statistics & numerical data KW - Peripheral Nervous System Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71989799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Peripheral+neuropathy+in+patients+treated+with+leflunomide.&rft.au=Bonnel%2C+Renan+A%3BGraham%2C+David+J&rft.aulast=Bonnel&rft.aufirst=Renan&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=580&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=00099236&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jul;78(1):89-90 [16003297] Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Jun;75(6):491-4 [15179403] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trends in occupational lead exposure since the 1978 OSHA lead standard. AN - 71965261; 15164400 AB - The purpose of the study was to evaluate trends in occupational lead exposures throughout U.S. industry after the establishment of the general industry lead standard in 1978 and the construction industry standard in 1993. Lead exposure measurements collected by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) under their compliance and consultation programs were analyzed. Time trends in the distributions of exposure levels were evaluated graphically. Trends in the proportion of exposures above the OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) were analyzed using logistic regression models. The distribution of lead exposure levels declined over the study time period for general industry, but not for construction. The median exposure levels for general industry facilities decreased five- to tenfold. Logistic regression models reveal statistically significant declines in the odds of a lead exposure exceeding the PEL. This study provides evidence for relatively large decreases in lead exposure levels in general industry facilities over time. The study does not provide similar evidence for the construction industry. Given the limited number of years of data available since the implementation of the revised construction standard for lead, re-analysis of lead exposure levels within this industry would be worthwhile when more data become available. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Okun, Andrea AU - Cooper, Gregory AU - Bailer, A John AU - Bena, James AU - Stayner, Leslie AD - Education and Information Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. AH01@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 558 EP - 572 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration KW - Occupational Exposure -- standards KW - Lead -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71965261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Trends+in+occupational+lead+exposure+since+the+1978+OSHA+lead+standard.&rft.au=Okun%2C+Andrea%3BCooper%2C+Gregory%3BBailer%2C+A+John%3BBena%2C+James%3BStayner%2C+Leslie&rft.aulast=Okun&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=558&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The anxiogenic drug yohimbine reinstates methamphetamine seeking in a rat model of drug relapse. AN - 71951084; 15158427 AB - Brain noradrenaline is involved in footshock stress-induced reinstatement of drug seeking in a rat relapse model. We studied whether yohimbine, an alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist that increases noradrenaline release and induces anxiety-like responses in human and nonhuman subjects, would reinstate methamphetamine seeking in rats. In experiment 1, the effect of yohimbine (1.25-2.5 mg/kg) on reinstatement was compared with that of intermittent footshock (5 min;.2-.6 mA) in rats that were trained to lever press for intravenous methamphetamine (9-11 days) and subsequently underwent 7 days of extinction training. In experiment 2, the effect of yohimbine on reinstatement of drug seeking was determined during early (1 day) and late (21 or 51 days) withdrawal periods. On the test days, rats were first given 3-hour extinction sessions and were then tested for reinstatement induced by yohimbine. In experiment 1, both yohimbine and footshock stress reinstated methamphetamine seeking after extinction. In experiment 2, extinction responding was higher after 21 or 51 withdrawal days than after 1 withdrawal day. In contrast, no significant time-dependent changes in yohimbine-induced reinstatement were observed. Results indicate that yohimbine is a potent stimulus for reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking in a rat relapse model. JF - Biological psychiatry AU - Shepard, Jack D AU - Bossert, Jennifer M AU - Liu, Shirley Y AU - Shaham, Yavin AD - Cellular Neurobiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. Y1 - 2004/06/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 01 SP - 1082 EP - 1089 VL - 55 IS - 11 SN - 0006-3223, 0006-3223 KW - Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Yohimbine KW - 2Y49VWD90Q KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Models, Animal KW - Animals KW - Self Administration KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Electroshock -- methods KW - Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Extinction, Psychological -- physiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Behavior, Animal KW - Behavior, Addictive -- chemically induced KW - Yohimbine -- toxicity KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- etiology KW - Behavior, Addictive -- psychology KW - Behavior, Addictive -- metabolism KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71951084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biological+psychiatry&rft.atitle=The+anxiogenic+drug+yohimbine+reinstates+methamphetamine+seeking+in+a+rat+model+of+drug+relapse.&rft.au=Shepard%2C+Jack+D%3BBossert%2C+Jennifer+M%3BLiu%2C+Shirley+Y%3BShaham%2C+Yavin&rft.aulast=Shepard&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1082&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biological+psychiatry&rft.issn=00063223&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Progression of lung inflammation and damage in rats after cessation of silica inhalation. AN - 71945392; 15056817 AB - Human epidemiologic studies have found that silicosis may develop or progress even after occupational exposure has ended, suggesting that there is a threshold lung burden above which silica-induced pulmonary disease progresses without further exposure. We previously described the time course of rat pulmonary responses to silica inhalation as biphasic, the initial phase characterized by increased but controlled pulmonary inflammation and damage. However, after a threshold lung burden was exceeded, rapid progression of silica-induced pulmonary disease occurred. To test the hypothesis that there is a threshold lung burden above which silica-induced pulmonary disease progresses without further exposure we initiated a study to investigate the relationship between silica exposure, the initiation and progression of silica-induced pulmonary disease, and recovery. Rats were exposed to silica (15 mg/m(3), 6 h/day) for either 20, 40, or 60 days. A portion of the rats from each exposure were maintained without further exposure for 36 days to examine recovery. The major findings of this study are: (1) silica-exposed rats were not in pulmonary overload, and lung silica burden decreased with recovery; (2) pulmonary inflammation, damage and lipidosis increased with recovery for rats exposed to silica for 40 and 60 days, but not 20 days; (3) histopathology revealed changes in silica-induced alveolitis, epithelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and alveolar lipoproteinosis consistent with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) endpoints; and (4) pulmonary fibrosis developed even when exposure was stopped prior to its initial development. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Porter, Dale W AU - Hubbs, Ann F AU - Mercer, Robert AU - Robinson, Victor A AU - Ramsey, Dawn AU - McLaurin, Jeff AU - Khan, Amir AU - Battelli, Lori AU - Brumbaugh, Kurt AU - Teass, Alexander AU - Castranova, Vincent AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. DPorter@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 370 EP - 380 VL - 79 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Phospholipids KW - 0 KW - Serum Albumin KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Pulmonary Alveoli -- pathology KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Serum Albumin -- analysis KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Fibrosis KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- analysis KW - Phospholipids -- analysis KW - Pulmonary Alveoli -- immunology KW - Pulmonary Alveoli -- drug effects KW - Disease Progression KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Male KW - Pneumonia -- immunology KW - Pneumonia -- chemically induced KW - Silicon Dioxide -- analysis KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Lymph Nodes -- pathology KW - Lymph Nodes -- chemistry KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Lymph Nodes -- drug effects KW - Pneumonia -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71945392?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Progression+of+lung+inflammation+and+damage+in+rats+after+cessation+of+silica+inhalation.&rft.au=Porter%2C+Dale+W%3BHubbs%2C+Ann+F%3BMercer%2C+Robert%3BRobinson%2C+Victor+A%3BRamsey%2C+Dawn%3BMcLaurin%2C+Jeff%3BKhan%2C+Amir%3BBattelli%2C+Lori%3BBrumbaugh%2C+Kurt%3BTeass%2C+Alexander%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=370&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A descriptive study of work aggravated asthma. AN - 71938438; 15150390 AB - Work related asthma (WRA) is one of the most frequently reported occupational lung diseases in a number of industrialised countries. A better understanding of work aggravated asthma (WAA), as well as work related new onset asthma (NOA), is needed to aid in prevention efforts. WAA and NOA in the United States were compared using cases reported to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) from four state Sentinel Event Notification Systems for Occupational Risks (SENSOR) surveillance programmes for 1993-95. A total of 210 WAA cases and 891 NOA cases were reported. WAA cases reported mineral and inorganic dusts as the most common exposure agent, as opposed to NOA cases, in which diisocyanates were reported most frequently. A similar percentage of WAA and NOA cases still experienced breathing problems at the time of the interview or had visited a hospital or emergency room for work related breathing problems. NOA cases were twice as likely to have applied for workers' compensation compared with WAA cases. However, among those who had applied for worker compensation, approximately three-fourths of both WAA and NOA cases had received awards. The services and manufacturing industrial categories together accounted for the majority of both WAA (62%) and NOA (75%) cases. The risk of WAA, measured by average annual rate, was clearly the highest in the public administration (14.2 cases/10(5)) industrial category, while the risk of NOA was increased in both the manufacturing (3.2 cases/10(5)) and public administration (2.9 cases/10(5)) categories. WAA cases reported many of the same adverse consequences as NOA cases. Certain industries were identified as potential targets for prevention efforts based on either the number of cases or the risk of WAA and NOA. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Goe, S K AU - Henneberger, P K AU - Reilly, M J AU - Rosenman, K D AU - Schill, D P AU - Valiante, D AU - Flattery, J AU - Harrison, R AU - Reinisch, F AU - Tumpowsky, C AU - Filios, M S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 512 EP - 517 VL - 61 IS - 6 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) -- standards KW - Incidence KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Population Surveillance -- methods KW - Male KW - Female KW - Asthma -- epidemiology KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Asthma -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71938438?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=A+descriptive+study+of+work+aggravated+asthma.&rft.au=Goe%2C+S+K%3BHenneberger%2C+P+K%3BReilly%2C+M+J%3BRosenman%2C+K+D%3BSchill%2C+D+P%3BValiante%2C+D%3BFlattery%2C+J%3BHarrison%2C+R%3BReinisch%2C+F%3BTumpowsky%2C+C%3BFilios%2C+M+S&rft.aulast=Goe&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=512&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=1470-7926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Ind Med. 2000 Jan;37(1):121-41 [10573601] MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1999 Jun 25;48(3):1-20 [10421216] Am J Med. 1999 Dec;107(6):580-7 [10625027] Am J Ind Med. 2000 Aug;38(2):140-8 [10893507] Chest. 2000 Nov;118(5):1309-14 [11083679] Am J Ind Med. 2001 Jan;39(1):72-83 [11148017] Clin Exp Allergy. 2001 Jan;31(1):32-9 [11167948] MMWR Surveill Summ. 2002 Mar 29;51(1):1-13 [12420904] Chest. 1990 Nov;98(5 Suppl):173S-178S [2226005] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Sep;50(9):791-6 [8398872] MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1994 Jun 10;43(1):9-17 [8208239] Chest. 1995 Mar;107(3):634-41 [7874929] Occup Med (Lond). 1995 Aug;45(4):175-8 [7662930] Chest. 1995 Oct;108(4):1084-117 [7555124] Occup Environ Med. 1997 Apr;54(4):272-6 [9166134] J Occup Environ Med. 1997 May;39(5):415-25 [9172086] West J Med. 1998 Feb;168(2):98-104 [9499743] Am J Ind Med. 1998 May;33(5):427-9 [9557165] J Occup Environ Med. 1998 May;40(5):481-91 [9604186] Chest. 1999 Dec;116(6):1780-5 [10593805] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative contamination and transfer of Escherichia coli from foods by houseflies, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). AN - 71914040; 15135963 AB - The housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is recognized as an important factor in the dissemination of various infectious diseases such as cholera, shigellosis, and salmonellosis. They can also serve as a cross-contamination vector for other foodborne pathogens. However, the potential for bacterial transfer by houseflies has been demonstrated in a qualitative rather than quantitative manner. In this study, the numbers of bacteria a housefly can carry on its body and transfer to a clean surface after exposure to a sugar-milk aqueous solution, steak, and potato salad contaminated with a fluorescent gene Escherichia coli (8 log10 CFU/ml) were determined. In the first series of experiments to quantify bacterial numbers on the flies, about 40-60 flies were transferred into a sterile cage, exposed to the food for 30 min, the flies immobilized and the attached E. coli on each fly enumerated. Detectable E. coli (>1.7 log10 CFU/fly) were found on 43% (29/67), 53% (23/43), and 62% (32/52) of the flies in the cages with sugar/milk, steak, and potato salad, respectively. For the positive flies, the geometric mean carriage (log10 CFU/fly) was 2.93+/-1.24 for sugar-milk, 3.77+/-1.28 for steak, and 2.25+/-0.64 for the potato salad. In the second series of experiments, the transfer of bacteria by individual flies from contaminated food to the inner surface of a sterile jar per each landing was determined. E. coli transferred from the sugar-milk was 3.5+/-0.7 log10 CFU/fly-landing, 3.9+/-0.7 for steak and 2.61+/-1.16 for the potato salad. From the initial contamination levels of bacteria and the number of transferred bacteria, it can be calculated that flies contaminate clean surfaces with approximately 0.1 mg of food per landing. Copyright 2004 Elsevier B.V. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - De Jesús, Antonio J AU - Olsen, Alan R AU - Bryce, John R AU - Whiting, Richard C AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration/Center for Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA. adejesus@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/06/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 01 SP - 259 EP - 262 VL - 93 IS - 2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Solanum tuberosum -- microbiology KW - Escherichia coli Infections -- transmission KW - Insect Vectors -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Houseflies -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71914040?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Quantitative+contamination+and+transfer+of+Escherichia+coli+from+foods+by+houseflies%2C+Musca+domestica+L.+%28Diptera%3A+Muscidae%29.&rft.au=De+Jes%C3%BAs%2C+Antonio+J%3BOlsen%2C+Alan+R%3BBryce%2C+John+R%3BWhiting%2C+Richard+C&rft.aulast=De+Jes%C3%BAs&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A survey of reports of quetiapine-associated hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. AN - 66767904; 15291665 AB - To explore the clinical characteristics of hyperglycemia in patients treated with quetiapine. A pharmacovigilance survey of spontaneously reported adverse events in quetiapine-treated patients was conducted using reports from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration MedWatch program (January 1, 1997, through July 31, 2002) and published cases using the search terms hyperglycemia, diabetes, acidosis, ketosis, and ketoacidosis. We identified 46 reports of quetiapine-associated hyperglycemia or diabetes and 9 additional reports of acidosis that occurred in the absence of hyperglycemia and were excluded from the immediate analyses. Of the reports of quetiapine-associated hyperglycemia, 34 patients had newly diagnosed hyperglycemia, 8 had exacerbation of preexisting diabetes mellitus, and 4 could not be classified. The mean +/- SD age was 35.3 +/- 16.2 years (range, 5-76 years). New-onset patients (aged 31.2 +/- 14.8 years) tended to be younger than those with preexisting diabetes (43.5 +/- 16.4 years, p = .08). The overall male:female ratio was 1.9. Most cases appeared within 6 months of quetiapine initiation. The severity of cases ranged from mild glucose intolerance to diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma. There were 21 cases of ketoacidosis or ketosis. There were 11 deaths. Atypical antipsychotic use may unmask or precipitate hyperglycemia. An additional 23 cases were identified since August 1, 2002, the end of the first survey, by extending the search through November 30, 2003, bringing the total to 69. JF - The Journal of clinical psychiatry AU - Koller, Elizabeth A AU - Weber, Jena AU - Doraiswamy, P Murali AU - Schneider, Bruce S AD - Division of Metabolic and Endocrine Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Review, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 857 EP - 863 VL - 65 IS - 6 SN - 0160-6689, 0160-6689 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - 0 KW - Dibenzothiazepines KW - Quetiapine Fumarate KW - 2S3PL1B6UJ KW - Index Medicus KW - Schizophrenia -- blood KW - Humans KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- trends KW - Diabetic Ketoacidosis -- epidemiology KW - Pharmacoepidemiology KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Comorbidity KW - Child, Preschool KW - MEDLINE KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- trends KW - Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Schizophrenia -- drug therapy KW - Middle Aged KW - Schizophrenia -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Diabetic Ketoacidosis -- chemically induced KW - Male KW - Female KW - Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma -- chemically induced KW - Mental Disorders -- blood KW - Dibenzothiazepines -- adverse effects KW - Hyperglycemia -- epidemiology KW - Hyperglycemia -- chemically induced KW - Mental Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Mental Disorders -- drug therapy KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 -- chemically induced KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Dibenzothiazepines -- therapeutic use KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66767904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+clinical+psychiatry&rft.atitle=A+survey+of+reports+of+quetiapine-associated+hyperglycemia+and+diabetes+mellitus.&rft.au=Koller%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BWeber%2C+Jena%3BDoraiswamy%2C+P+Murali%3BSchneider%2C+Bruce+S&rft.aulast=Koller&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=857&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+clinical+psychiatry&rft.issn=01606689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupation, pesticide exposure and risk of multiple myeloma. AN - 66704626; 15250650 AB - This population-based case-control study examined the relationship between occupation, living or working on a farm, pesticide exposure, and the risk of multiple myeloma. The study included 573 persons newly diagnosed with myeloma and 2131 controls. Information was obtained on sociodemographic factors, occupational history, and history of living and working on a farm. Occupational and industrial titles were coded by standardized classification systems. A job-exposure matrix was developed for occupational pesticide exposure. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. Farmers and farm workers had odds ratios of 1.9 (95% CI 0.8-4.6) and 1.4 (95% CI 0.8-2.3), respectively. An odds ratio of 1.7 (95% CI 1.0-2.7) was observed for sheep farm residents or workers, whereas no increased risks were found for cattle, beef, pig, or chicken farm residents or workers. A modestly increased risk was observed for pesticides (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.9-1.8). Significantly increased risks were found for pharmacists, dieticians and therapists (OR 6.1, 95% CI 1.7-22.5), service occupations (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.02-1.7), roofers (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1-9.8), precision printing occupations (OR 10.1, 95% CI 1.03-99.8), heating equipment operators (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.4-15.8), and hand molders and casters (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.0-8.4). A modest increased risk of multiple myeloma is suggested for occupational pesticide exposure. The increased risk for sheep farm residents or workers indicates that certain animal viruses may be involved in myeloma risk. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Baris, Dalsu AU - Silverman, Debra T AU - Brown, Linda Morris AU - Swanson, G Marie AU - Hayes, Richard B AU - Schwartz, Ann G AU - Liff, Jonathan M AU - Schoenberg, Janet B AU - Pottern, Linda M AU - Greenberg, Raymond S AU - Stewart, Patricia A AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States. barisd@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 215 EP - 222 VL - 30 IS - 3 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Pesticides KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- statistics & numerical data KW - Risk Assessment -- methods KW - African Continental Ancestry Group -- statistics & numerical data KW - New Jersey -- epidemiology KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupations -- classification KW - Female KW - Male KW - Michigan -- epidemiology KW - Multiple Myeloma -- chemically induced KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Multiple Myeloma -- epidemiology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- ethnology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Multiple Myeloma -- ethnology KW - Pesticides -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66704626?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Occupation%2C+pesticide+exposure+and+risk+of+multiple+myeloma.&rft.au=Baris%2C+Dalsu%3BSilverman%2C+Debra+T%3BBrown%2C+Linda+Morris%3BSwanson%2C+G+Marie%3BHayes%2C+Richard+B%3BSchwartz%2C+Ann+G%3BLiff%2C+Jonathan+M%3BSchoenberg%2C+Janet+B%3BPottern%2C+Linda+M%3BGreenberg%2C+Raymond+S%3BStewart%2C+Patricia+A&rft.aulast=Baris&rft.aufirst=Dalsu&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Baseline rates of Campylobacter and Salmonella in raw chicken in Wales, United Kingdom, in 2002. AN - 66660190; 15222554 AB - The Public Health Laboratory Service in Wales, in cooperation with local authorities and the Food Standards Agency Wales, carried out a survey to establish baseline figures for the contamination of raw retail chicken with Salmonella and Campylobacter available within Wales, a devolved part of the United Kingdom with a population of approximately 3 million. Seven hundred thirty-nine samples were obtained between November 2001 and December 2002. Overall, 71% of samples were contaminated with Campylobacter, and 8% were contaminated with Salmonella. There were no significant differences between fresh and frozen carcasses and between samples taken from retailers or butchers. There was seasonal variation in the level of Campylobacter contamination of fresh chicken, with a peak in June and the lowest positive rates in January, March, and December. There was no similar peak observed in frozen samples or for Salmonella. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Meldrum, R J AU - Tucker, D AU - Edwards, C AD - Food, Water and Environmental Section, Public Health Laboratory, National Public Health Service for Wales, Llandough Hospital, Penlan Road, Penarth CF64 2XX, UK. richard.meldrum@nphs.wales.nhs.uk Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 1226 EP - 1228 VL - 67 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Seasons KW - Wales -- epidemiology KW - Prevalence KW - Campylobacter -- growth & development KW - Salmonella -- growth & development KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Chickens -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Meat -- microbiology KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66660190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Baseline+rates+of+Campylobacter+and+Salmonella+in+raw+chicken+in+Wales%2C+United+Kingdom%2C+in+2002.&rft.au=Meldrum%2C+R+J%3BTucker%2C+D%3BEdwards%2C+C&rft.aulast=Meldrum&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of malachite green chloride and leucomalachite green (CAS Nos. 569-64-2 and 129-73-7) administered in feed to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. AN - 66649375; 15213768 AB - Malachite green chloride is a triphenylmethane dye used in the fish and dye industries. Leucomalachite green is prepared by the reduction of malachite green chloride. Malachite green chloride was nominated for toxicity and carcinogenicity testing by the Food and Drug Administration and selected by the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences for carcinogenicity testing by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) due to the potential for significant worker and consumer exposure and lack of carcinogenicity data. The current 28-day studies were conducted as part of an overall effort by the NTP to determine the toxicity and carcinogenicity of malachite green chloride. Male and female F344/N Nctr BR rats and B6C3F1/Nctr BR (C57BL/6N x C3H/HeN MTV-) mice were exposed to malachite green chloride (95% pure) or leucomalachite green (99% pure) (male rats and female mice only) in feed for 28 days. Animals were evaluated for clinical pathology and histopathology. Genetic toxicity studies formalachite green chloride were conducted in vitro in Salmonella typhimurium and in vivo in rat bone marrow erythrocytes and in mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes. Genetic toxicity studies for leucomalachite green were conducted in vivo in mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes. Groups of eight male and eight female rats and mice were fed diets containing 0, 25, 100, 300, 600, or 1,200 ppm malachite green chloride for 28 days. Additional groups of eight male and eight female rats designated for thyroid hormone assays were fed diets containing 0 or 1,200 ppm malachite green chloride. Groups of eight male rats and eight female mice were fed diets containing 0, 290, 580, or 1,160 ppm leucomalachite green for 28 days. Additional groups of eight male rats designated for thyroid hormone assays were fed diets containing 0 or 1,160 ppm leucomalachite green. All rats and mice survived to the end of the studies. In the malachite green chloride study, the body weight gain of males rats in the 1,200 ppm group was significantly less than that of the controls. The final mean body weight of female rats and mice in the 1,200 ppm groups and the body weight gains of female rats and mice in the 600 (rats only) and 1,200 ppm groups were significantly less than those of the controls. In the leucomalachite green study, the final mean body weight of male rats and female mice in the 1,160 ppm groups and the mean body weight gains of male rats and female mice in the 580 and 1,160 ppm groups were significantly less than those of the control groups. In the malachite green chloride study, feed consumption by all exposed groups of male and female rats and mice was generally similar to that by the control groups. Exposure concentrations of 25, 100, 300, 600, and 1,200 ppm resulted in average daily doses of 3 to 190 mg malachite green chloride/kg body weight to male and female rats and 5 to 250 mg/kg to male and female mice. In the leucomalachite green study, feed consumption by all groups of exposed male rats was similar to that by the controls. Dietary concentrations of 290, 580, and 1,160 ppm resulted in average daily doses of approximately 30, 60, and 115 mg leucomalachite green/kg body weight to male rats and approximately 62, 110, and 220 mg/kg to female mice. In female rats exposed to malachite green chloride, there was a significant increases in gamma-glutamyltransferase activities with an activity in 1,200 ppm females seven times greater than that in the controls. Likewise, gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in male rats exposed to 1,160 ppm leucomalachite green was twice that in the controls. On days 4 and 21, the concentration of thyroxine was significantly decreased in male rats exposed to 1,160 ppm leucomalachite green and the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone was significantly increased. In the malachite green chloride study, the relative liver weights of 600 and 1,200 ppm male rats and the relative and absolute liver weights of 300 ppm or greater female rats were generally significantly greater than those of the controls. In the leucomalachite green study, the relative liver weights of 290 ppm or greater male rats were significantly greater than those of the control group. No gross lesions were observed in rats or mice and no microscopic lesions were observed in female mice that were attributed to malachite green chloride exposure. Microscopically, the incidences of hepatocyte cytoplasmic vacuolization were significantly increased in 1,200 ppm male and female rats exposed to malachite green chloride. No gross lesions were observed in rats or mice that could be attributed to leucomalachite green exposure. Microscopically, the incidences of hepatocyte cytoplasmic vacuolization were significantly increased in 580 and 1,160 ppm male rats. The incidence of multifocal apoptosis in the transitory epithelium of the urinary bladder was significantly increased in 1,160 ppm female mice exposed to leucomalachite green. Malachite green chloride, tested at concentrations of 0.1 to 10 mircrog/plate, was not mutagenic in any of several strains of Salmonella typhimurium, with or without S9 metabolic activation. Negative results were also obtained in two in vivo micronucleus tests, one that assessed induction of micronuclei in rat bone marrow erythrocytes after three intraperitoneal injections of malachite green chloride, and a second study that determined the level of micronuclei in circulating erythrocytes of male and female mice following 28 days of exposure to malachite green chloride via dosed feed. The frequency of micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes in peripheral blood was significantly increased in female mice exposed to leucomalachite green in feed for 28 days; no significant increases in micronucleus frequencies were observed in the polychromatic erythrocyte population. JF - Toxicity report series AU - Culp, Sandra J AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 1 EP - F10 IS - 71 SN - 1521-4621, 1521-4621 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Coloring Agents KW - Fungicides, Industrial KW - Mutagens KW - Rosaniline Dyes KW - malachite green KW - 12058M7ORO KW - leucomalachite green KW - 8U61G37Z20 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Chemistry, Pharmaceutical KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Intestinal Absorption KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Quality Control KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Aniline Compounds -- chemistry KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- chemistry KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- chemistry KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- pharmacokinetics KW - Coloring Agents -- toxicity KW - Aniline Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- toxicity KW - Rosaniline Dyes -- pharmacokinetics KW - Coloring Agents -- chemistry KW - Aniline Compounds -- toxicity KW - Fungicides, Industrial -- toxicity KW - Coloring Agents -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66649375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicity+report+series&rft.atitle=NTP+technical+report+on+the+toxicity+studies+of+malachite+green+chloride+and+leucomalachite+green+%28CAS+Nos.+569-64-2+and+129-73-7%29+administered+in+feed+to+F344%2FN+rats+and+B6C3F1+mice.&rft.au=Culp%2C+Sandra+J&rft.aulast=Culp&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=71&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicity+report+series&rft.issn=15214621&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repeated measures of FEV1 over six to twelve months: what change is abnormal? AN - 66641364; 15213522 AB - Monitoring change in FEV1 (deltaFEV1) is useful for assessing adverse respiratory effects in an individual, but high variability impedes reliable recognition of accelerated decline. The American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommends a > or =15% year-to-year FEV1 decline for clinical significance. To evaluate the applicability of this criterion in health monitoring programs, we examined the mean, lower 5th percentile, and lower 5% cutoff value of deltaFEV1 determined from 2 tests at 6- and 12-month intervals using data obtained with ATS-recommended equipment and procedures in 389 white male workers, each with 3 to 11 spirometry tests over 5 years. Results indicate that when healthy working males perform spirometry according to ATS standards, a yearly decline in FEV1 greater than 8% or 330 mL should not be considered normal, whereas the 15% ATS criterion could be appropriate in clinical settings. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Wang, Mei-Lin AU - Petsonk, Edward L AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 591 EP - 595 VL - 46 IS - 6 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Methacholine Chloride KW - 0W5ETF9M2K KW - Index Medicus KW - Respiratory Function Tests KW - Reference Values KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Aged KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- statistics & numerical data KW - Coal Mining KW - Adult KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Societies, Medical KW - Male KW - Practice Guidelines as Topic KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Forced Expiratory Volume -- physiology KW - Spirometry -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66641364?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Repeated+measures+of+FEV1+over+six+to+twelve+months%3A+what+change+is+abnormal%3F&rft.au=Wang%2C+Mei-Lin%3BPetsonk%2C+Edward+L&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Mei-Lin&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=591&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of 14C residue in eggs of laying hens administered orally with [14C] sulfaquinoxaline. AN - 66639272; 15204532 AB - Ten layer hens were dosed for 5 consecutive days with 6.2 mg kg(-1) [14C] sulfaquinoxaline (SQX). Eggs were collected from the hens during the 5-day dosing period and during a 10-day post-dose withdrawal period. Egg yolk and albumen were separated and assayed for total radioactive residues (TRR) using a combustion oxidizer and liquid scintillation counting techniques. Significant amounts of radioactivity were detected on the second day of dosing (greater than 24h after the initial dose) in both egg yolk and albumen. First eggs were collected about 8 h after dosing; the second-day eggs were collected during 8-h period after the second dose. Radioactive residues reached a maximum on the fifth day of dosing in albumen, whereas on the second day of withdrawal in egg yolk, the peak TRR levels in albumen were about threefold higher than in yolk. Thereafter, the TRR levels declined rapidly in albumen and were detectable up to withdrawal day 6, whereas the TRR levels in egg yolk declined more slowly and were detectable up to withdrawal day 10. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that the parent drug sulfaquinoxaline was the major component in both the egg albumen and yolk. Additionally, this work suggests that egg yolk is the appropriate matrix for monitoring SQX residues JF - Food additives and contaminants AU - Shaikh, B AU - Rummel, N AU - Smith, D AD - FDA/CVM Office of Research, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. BSHAIKH@CVM.FDA.GOV Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - June 2004 SP - 545 EP - 554 VL - 21 IS - 6 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - Sulfaquinoxaline KW - WNW8115TM9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Drug Residues -- pharmacokinetics KW - Egg White -- analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Egg Yolk -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Feces -- chemistry KW - Female KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Eggs -- analysis KW - Sulfaquinoxaline -- pharmacokinetics KW - Substance Abuse Detection -- veterinary KW - Chickens -- metabolism KW - Substance Abuse Detection -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66639272?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.atitle=Determination+of+14C+residue+in+eggs+of+laying+hens+administered+orally+with+%5B14C%5D+sulfaquinoxaline.&rft.au=Shaikh%2C+B%3BRummel%2C+N%3BSmith%2C+D&rft.aulast=Shaikh&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=545&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+additives+and+contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drug-Drug, Drug-Dietary Supplement, and Drug-Citrus Fruit and Other Food Interactions: What Have We Learned? AN - 21207534; 11644143 AB - Serious drug-drug interactions have contributed to recent U.S. market withdrawals and also recent nonapprovals of a few new molecular entities. Many of these interactions involved the inhibition or induction of metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters, resulting in altered systemic exposure and adverse drug reactions or loss of efficacy. In addition to drug-drug interactions, drug-dietary supplement and drug-citrus fruit interactions, among others, could also cause adverse drug reactions or loss of efficacy and are important issues to consider in the evaluation of new drug candidates. This commentary reviews (1) the current understanding of the mechanistic basis of these interactions, (2) issues to consider in the interpretation of study results, and (3) recent labeling examples to illustrate the translation of study results to information useful for patients and health care providers. JF - Journal of Clinical Pharmacology AU - Huang, Shiew-Mei AU - Lesko, Lawrence J AD - Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, HFD-850, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, PKLN 6A/19, Rockville, MD 20850 Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 559 EP - 569 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 44 IS - 6 SN - 0091-2700, 0091-2700 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Drug-drug interaction KW - drug-dietary supplement interaction KW - drug-juice interaction KW - drug development KW - exposure-response relationship KW - labeling KW - risk management KW - Fruits KW - Translation KW - Food KW - fruits KW - Enzymes KW - Drug development KW - USA KW - Health care KW - Dietary supplements KW - Reviews KW - Drugs KW - Side effects KW - drug interaction KW - X 24310:Pharmaceuticals KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21207534?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Drug-Drug%2C+Drug-Dietary+Supplement%2C+and+Drug-Citrus+Fruit+and+Other+Food+Interactions%3A+What+Have+We+Learned%3F&rft.au=Huang%2C+Shiew-Mei%3BLesko%2C+Lawrence+J&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Shiew-Mei&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=559&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Pharmacology&rft.issn=00912700&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0091270004265367 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-31 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Translation; Fruits; Food; Reviews; Dietary supplements; Enzymes; Drug development; Drugs; Health care; fruits; drug interaction; Side effects; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091270004265367 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Permeability classification of representative fluoroquinolones by a cell culture method AN - 21171306; 11177531 AB - This study was undertaken to categorize representative fluoroquinolone drug substance permeability based on the methods outlined in the Food and Drug Administration's biopharmaceutic classification system (BCS) Guidance for Industry. The permeability of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, and ofloxacin was measured in an in vitro Caco-2 assay with previously demonstrated method suitability. The permeability class and efflux potential were ascertained by comparing test drug results with standard compounds (metoprolol, atenolol, labetalol, and rhodamine-123). All 4 quinolones drugs demonstrated concentration-dependent permeability, indicating active drug transport. In comparing absorptive versus secretive in vitro transport, the tested fluoroquinolones were found to be subject to efflux in varying degrees (ciprofloxacin > lomefloxacin > rhodamine 123 > levofloxacin > ofloxacin). Based on comparison to labetalol, the high permeability internal standard, ciprofloxacin was classified as a low permeability drug, whereas lomefloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin were classified as high permeability drugs. The in vitro permeability results matched human in vivo data based on absolute bioavailabilities. This laboratory exercise demonstrated the applicability of an in vitro permeability method for classifying drugs as outlined in the BCS Guidance. JF - AAPS Journal AU - Volpe, Donna A AD - Division of Product Quality Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Life Sciences Building 64, HFD-940, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., 20993 Silver Spring, MD, volpe@cder.fda.gov. Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 1 EP - 6 PB - American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 1550-7416, 1550-7416 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Classification systems KW - Data processing KW - Fluoroquinolones KW - Levofloxacin KW - Quinolones KW - Ofloxacin KW - Cell culture KW - metoprolol KW - Physical training KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - Permeability KW - Lomefloxacin KW - Atenolol KW - rhodamine KW - W 30935:Food Biotechnology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21171306?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AAPS+Journal&rft.atitle=Permeability+classification+of+representative+fluoroquinolones+by+a+cell+culture+method&rft.au=Volpe%2C+Donna+A&rft.aulast=Volpe&rft.aufirst=Donna&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AAPS+Journal&rft.issn=15507416&rft_id=info:doi/10.1208%2Fps060213 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Classification systems; Data processing; Fluoroquinolones; Levofloxacin; Ofloxacin; Quinolones; metoprolol; Cell culture; Physical training; Permeability; Ciprofloxacin; Lomefloxacin; Atenolol; rhodamine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/ps060213 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel Repression of the Glucocorticoid Receptor by Anthrax Lethal Toxin AN - 19401723; 5964272 AB - Death from anthrax has been reported to occur from systemic shock. The lethal toxin (LeTx) is the major effector of anthrax mortality. Although the mechanism of entry of this toxin into cells is well understood, its actions once inside the cell are not as well understood. LeTx is known to cleave and inactivate MAPKKs. We have recently shown that LeTx represses the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) both in vitro and in vivo. This repression is partial and specific, repressing the glucocorticoid, progesterone, and estrogen receptor alpha , but not the mineralocorticoid or estrogen receptor beta . This toxin does not affect GR ligand or DNA binding, and we have suggested that it may function by removing/inactivating one or more of the many cofactors involved in nuclear hormone receptor signaling. Although the precise involvement of this nuclear hormone receptor repression in LeTx toxicity is unknown, examples of blunted HPA axis and glucocorticoid signaling in numerous autoimmune/inflammatory diseases suggest that such repression of critically important receptors could have deleterious effects on health. JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Webster, Jeanette I AU - Moayeri, Mahtab AU - Sternberg, Esther M AD - Section on Neuroendocrine Immunology and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health, and National Institute of Autoimmune and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 9 EP - 23 PB - The New York Academy of Sciences VL - 1024 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Anthrax lethal toxin KW - Progesterone KW - Nuclear receptors KW - Toxicity KW - Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis KW - Glucocorticoids KW - Corticoids KW - Cofactors KW - Shock KW - Inflammatory diseases KW - Glucocorticoid receptors KW - DNA KW - Anthrax KW - Estrogen receptors KW - Signal transduction KW - X 24370:Natural Toxins KW - F 06935:Development, Aging & Organ Systems UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19401723?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Novel+Repression+of+the+Glucocorticoid+Receptor+by+Anthrax+Lethal+Toxin&rft.au=Webster%2C+Jeanette+I%3BMoayeri%2C+Mahtab%3BSternberg%2C+Esther+M&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=Jeanette&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=1024&rft.issue=&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Anthrax lethal toxin; Mortality; Progesterone; Nuclear receptors; Toxicity; Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; Glucocorticoids; Corticoids; Cofactors; Glucocorticoid receptors; Inflammatory diseases; Shock; DNA; Anthrax; Estrogen receptors; Signal transduction ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A convenient method for positive selection of retroviral producing cells generating vectors devoid of selectable markers AN - 18012061; 5958540 AB - Early retroviral vectors containing both a therapeutic gene and a dominant selectable marker gene, offered some distinct advantages with respect to gene therapy, in that they simplified the generation, isolation, and titration of retroviral producer cell clones, as well as the evaluation and selection of successfully targeted cells. However, a number of problems were engendered by this strategy: the promoter driving the selectable marker gene could interfere with transcription of the therapeutic gene, and immune responses could be induced to cells expressing foreign proteins of selection marker origin. Simplified retroviral vectors, which lack a selection marker gene, were constructed to address these problems, but the inability to use a selection marker has made identification and cloning of virus producing transfected cells a heavy burden. To maintain the benefits of simplified retroviral vectors, while providing a facile means to select packaging cells transfected with retroviral DNA, we cloned the bacterial selection marker gene encoding neomycin phosphotransferase (neo) into the plasmid backbone of the vector, but outside of the provirus, resulting in efficient selection of transfected packaging cells and generation of packaged virus which lacks the neo gene. This novel approach generates greater numbers of high infectious titer producing clones, after selection in G418 media, than does a co-transfection approach, due to integration of higher construct copy numbers per cell. No transmission of the selection marker gene to target cells was observed following retroviral transduction. Thus, our strategy eliminates the adverse consequences of a selection-based method, while diminishing the burden of identification of packaging cells transfected with vectors devoid of selectable markers. JF - Journal of Virological Methods AU - Xu, L AU - Tsuji, K AU - Mostowski, H AU - Otsu, M AU - Candotti, F AU - Rosenberg, A S AD - Division of Therapeutic Proteins, CDER, FDA, Building 29A, Room 2B-10, 29 Lincoln Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, rosenberg@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/06/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 01 SP - 61 EP - 67 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 118 IS - 1 SN - 0166-0934, 0166-0934 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Gene therapy KW - Plasmids KW - Expression vectors KW - Retrovirus KW - NEO gene KW - Titration KW - Genetic markers KW - neomycin phosphotransferase KW - V 22050:Viral genetics including virus reactivation KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33182:Packaging cell lines for gene therapy vectors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18012061?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.atitle=A+convenient+method+for+positive+selection+of+retroviral+producing+cells+generating+vectors+devoid+of+selectable+markers&rft.au=Xu%2C+L%3BTsuji%2C+K%3BMostowski%2C+H%3BOtsu%2C+M%3BCandotti%2C+F%3BRosenberg%2C+A+S&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Virological+Methods&rft.issn=01660934&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jviromet.2004.01.024 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Retrovirus; Expression vectors; Genetic markers; NEO gene; neomycin phosphotransferase; Gene therapy; Titration; Plasmids DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.01.024 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selective Changes in Gene Expression in Cortical Regions Sensitive to Amphetamine During the Neurodegenerative Process AN - 17984192; 5924429 AB - Gene expression profiles in several brain regions of adult male rats were evaluated following a D-amphetamine (AMPH) exposure paradigm previously established to produce AMPH neurotoxicity. Escalating doses of AMPH (5-30 mg/kg) were given over the course of 16 h per day in an 18 degree C environment for 2 days. This paradigm produces neurotoxicity but eliminates or minimizes the hyperthermia and seizure activity that might influence gene expression in a manner unrelated to the neurotoxic effects of AMPH. The expression of 1185 genes was monitored in the striatum, parietal cortex, piriform cortex and posteriolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus (PLCo) using cDNA array technology, and potentially significant changes were verified by RT-PCR. Gene expression was determined at time points after AMPH when neurodegeneration was beginning to appear (16 h) or maximal (64 h). Expression was also determined 14 days after AMPH to find long-term changes in gene expression that might be biomarkers of a neurotoxic event. In the parietal cortex there was a two-fold increase in neuropeptide Y precursor protein mRNA whereas nerve growth factor-induced receptor protein I-A and I-B mRNA decreased 50% at 16 h after the end of AMPH exposure. Although these changes in expression were not observed in the PLCo, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 mRNA was increased two-fold in the PLCo at 16 and 64 h after AMPH. Changes in gene expression in the cortical regions were all between 1.2- and 1.5-fold 14 days after AMPH but some of these changes, such as annexin V increases, may be relevant to neurotoxicity. Gene expression was not affected by more than 1.5-fold at the time points in the striatum, although 65% dopamine depletions occurred, but the plasma membrane-associated dopamine transporter and dopamine D2 receptor were decreased about 40% in the substantia nigra at 64 h and 14 days post-AMPH. Thus, the 2-day AMPH treatment produced a few changes in gene expression in the two-fold range at time points 16 h or more after exposure but the majority of expression changes were less than 1.5-fold of control. Nonetheless, some of these lesser fold-changes appeared to be relevant to the neurotoxic process. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Harris, A J AU - Delongchamp, R R AU - Jakab, R L AU - Miller, D B AU - Little, A R AU - O'Callaghan, J P AD - Divisions of Neurotoxicology, Biometry and Risk Assessment and Genetic Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, jbowyer@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 555 EP - 572 PB - Intox Press VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - males KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Gene expression KW - Substantia nigra KW - Cortex KW - Neuropeptide Y KW - Brain KW - Amphetamine KW - Neurodegeneration KW - N3 11106:Neurobiology of drug abuse KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17984192?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Selective+Changes+in+Gene+Expression+in+Cortical+Regions+Sensitive+to+Amphetamine+During+the+Neurodegenerative+Process&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BHarris%2C+A+J%3BDelongchamp%2C+R+R%3BJakab%2C+R+L%3BMiller%2C+D+B%3BLittle%2C+A+R%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=555&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.neuro.2003.08.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Substantia nigra; Neuropeptide Y; Cortex; Amphetamine; Neurodegeneration; Brain; Gene expression DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2003.08.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Improve the Survival of Pregnant and Fetal Mice following Listeria monocytogenes Infection AN - 17977728; 5917648 AB - Listeria infection during pregnancy can cause the death of both mother and fetus. Previous studies established that immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) increase the resistance of healthy adult mice to many infectious pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes. This study examines whether the innate immune response elicited by CpG ODN can reduce the susceptibility of pregnant mice to lethal listeria challenge. The results indicate that CpG ODN treatment significantly improves maternal survival and reduces pathogen transmission to offspring. CpG ODN administered during pregnancy did not induce abortion, birth defects, or reduce the size or health of litters. These findings suggest that CpG ODN may provide a safe and effective means of improving the health of mothers and fetuses during pregnancy. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Ito, S-I AU - Ishii, K J AU - Shirota, H AU - Klinman, D M AD - Bldg. 29A, Rm. 3D10, Division of Viral Products, CBER, FDA, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, Klinman@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 3543 EP - 3548 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 72 IS - 6 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Survival KW - Oligonucleotides KW - Fetuses KW - Disease transmission KW - Pregnancy KW - Immunostimulation KW - Immune response KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - N 14250:Biological properties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17977728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=CpG+Oligodeoxynucleotides+Improve+the+Survival+of+Pregnant+and+Fetal+Mice+following+Listeria+monocytogenes+Infection&rft.au=Ito%2C+S-I%3BIshii%2C+K+J%3BShirota%2C+H%3BKlinman%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Ito&rft.aufirst=S-I&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3543&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.72.6.3543-3548.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Oligonucleotides; Pregnancy; Disease transmission; Fetuses; Survival; Immune response; Immunostimulation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.6.3543-3548.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of androstenedione on in utero development in rats AN - 17947408; 5891474 AB - This study was conducted to characterize the effect of androstenedione on estrous cyclicity, mating behavior and fetal development. Thirty-day old rats received corn oil alone or androstenedione (in corn oil) at one of four concentrations (0, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 or 30.0 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for two weeks prior to mating, during the mating period and throughout gestation. Dose related increases in serum androstenedione, estradiol and estrone were observed in all androstenedione treated animals at gestation day 20. A statistically significant increase in serum testosterone concentration was observed in the 30 mg/kg dose group. Feed and fluid consumption were not affected by androstenedione treatment during the pre-mating or gestational periods, however a statistically significant decrease in the number of females with regular estrous cycles was observed in the 10.0 and 30.0 mg/kg dose groups. Exposure to androstenedione did not affect mean body weight gain during pre-mating or gestation. Slight not statistically significant reductions in the number of implants, number of viable fetuses and number of viable male fetuses were observed in the 30.0 mg/kg androstenedione group. Reductions were not observed in the number of corpora lutea. Fetal growth in terms of fetal weight, crown- rump length, anogenital distance and the number of external abnormalities was not affected by androstenedione exposure. At the doses given, androstenedione had no specific effect on the development of individual bones, including sternebrae. Dose related effects of androstenedione were not observed on the development of soft tissues. A statistically significant increase in moderately enlarged ureter at the kidney was observed in both the 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg dose groups. Organ weights (expressed per gram of body weight or per gram of brain weight) were not affected by androstenedione treatment. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Sprando, R L AU - Collins, TFX AU - Black, T N AU - Olejnik, N AU - Grundel, E AU - Ruggles, DI AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, rsprando@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 917 EP - 924 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 42 IS - 6 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - corn oil KW - development KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Androstenedione KW - Fetus KW - Rats KW - Estrous ANOVA, Analysis of Variance KW - ANCOVA, Analysis of Covariance KW - Tissues KW - Testosterone KW - Kidney KW - Supplements KW - Nutrients KW - Teratogenicity KW - Estradiol KW - Estrone KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17947408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+androstenedione+on+in+utero+development+in+rats&rft.au=Sprando%2C+R+L%3BCollins%2C+TFX%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BOlejnik%2C+N%3BGrundel%2C+E%3BRuggles%2C+DI&rft.aulast=Sprando&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=917&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.fct.2004.01.015 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tissues; Androstenedione; Testosterone; Kidney; Supplements; Teratogenicity; Nutrients; Estradiol; Estrone DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2004.01.015 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cadmium inhibits the electron transfer chain and induces Reactive Oxygen Species AN - 17943037; 5903359 AB - Recent research indicates that cadmium (Cd) induces oxidative damage in cells; however, the mechanism of the oxidative stress induced by this metal is unclear. We investigated the effects of Cd on the individual complexes of the electron transfer chain (ETC) and on the stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mitochondria. The activity of complexes II (succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) and III (ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase) of mitochondrial ETC from liver, brain, and heart showed greater inhibition by Cd than the other complexes. Cd stimulated ROS production in the mitochondria of all three tissues mentioned above. The effect of various electron donors (NADH, succinate, and 2, 3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-decyl-1, 4- benzoquinol) on ROS production was tested separately in the presence and in the absence of Cd. ESR showed that complex III might be the only site of ROS production induced by Cd. The results of kinetic studies and electron turnover experiments suggest that Cd may bind between semiubiquinone and cytochrome b sub(566) of the Q sub(0) site of cytochrome b of complex III, resulting in accumulation of semiubiquinones at the Q sub(0) site. The semiubiquinones, being unstable, are prone to transfer one electron to molecular oxygen to form superoxide, providing a possible mechanism for Cd-induced generation of ROS in mitochondria. JF - Free Radical Biology and Medicine AU - Wang, Y AU - Fang, J AU - Leonard, S S AU - Rao, KMK AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, ybw4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 1434 EP - 1443 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 36 IS - 11 SN - 0891-5849, 0891-5849 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - oxygen radicals KW - Heavy metals KW - Free radicals KW - Cadmium KW - Electron transport chain KW - X 24165:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17943037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Free+Radical+Biology+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Cadmium+inhibits+the+electron+transfer+chain+and+induces+Reactive+Oxygen+Species&rft.au=Wang%2C+Y%3BFang%2C+J%3BLeonard%2C+S+S%3BRao%2C+KMK&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1434&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Free+Radical+Biology+and+Medicine&rft.issn=08915849&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.freeradbiomed.2004.03.010 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cadmium; Heavy metals; oxygen radicals; Free radicals; Electron transport chain DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.03.010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vaccine Risk Perception Among Reporters of Autism After Vaccination: Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System 1990-2001 AN - 17700369; 6036264 AB - Objectives. We investigated vaccine risk perception among reporters of autism to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Methods. We conducted structured interviews with 124 parents who reported autism and related disorders to VAERS from 1990 to 2001 and compared results with those of a published survey of parents in the general population. Results. Respondents perceived vaccine-preventable diseases as less serious than did other parents. Only 15% of respondents deemed immunization extremely important for children's health; two thirds had withheld vaccines from their children. Conclusions. Views of parents who believe vaccines injured their children differ significantly from those of the general population regarding the benefits of immunization. Understanding the factors that shape this perspective can improve communication among vaccine providers, policymakers, and parents/patients. JF - American Journal of Public Health AU - Woo, E J AU - Ball, R AU - Bostrom, A AU - Shadomy, S V AU - Ball, L K AU - Evans, G AU - Braun, M AD - HFM-222, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, wooj@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/06/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jun 01 SP - 990 EP - 995 VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - autism KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - vaccines KW - Public health KW - immunization KW - Children KW - Communications KW - Perception KW - Side effects KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - R2 23110:Psychological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17700369?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Vaccine+Risk+Perception+Among+Reporters+of+Autism+After+Vaccination%3A+Vaccine+Adverse+Event+Reporting+System+1990-2001&rft.au=Woo%2C+E+J%3BBall%2C+R%3BBostrom%2C+A%3BShadomy%2C+S+V%3BBall%2C+L+K%3BEvans%2C+G%3BBraun%2C+M&rft.aulast=Woo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=990&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; Children; immunization; Perception; Communications; Side effects; Public health ER - TY - JOUR T1 - beta -Endorphin elevations in the ventral tegmental area regulate the discriminative effects of Delta -9-tetrahydrocannabinol AN - 17591368; 5966492 AB - beta -Endorphin is an endogenous opioid that produces behavioral effects similar to heroin and morphine and is released in the nucleus accumbens by cocaine, amphetamine and ethanol, suggesting a general involvement in the reinforcing effects of abused drugs. Here we show that, in rats, Delta -9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, produces large increases in extracellular levels of beta -endorphin in the ventral tegmental area and lesser increases in the shell of the nucleus accumbens. We then used a two-lever choice THC-discrimination procedure to investigate whether THC-induced changes in endogenous levels of beta -endorphin regulate the discriminative effects of THC. In rats that had learned to discriminate injections of THC from injections of vehicle, the opioid agonist morphine did not produce THC-like discriminative effects but markedly potentiated discrimination of THC. Conversely, the opioid antagonist naloxone reduced the discriminative effects of THC. Bilateral microinjections of beta -endorphin directly into the ventral tegmental area, but not into the shell of the nucleus accumbens, markedly potentiated the discriminative effects of ineffective threshold doses of THC but had no effect when given alone. This potentiation was blocked by naloxone. Together these results indicate that certain psychotropic effects of THC related to drug abuse liability are regulated by THC-induced elevations in extracellular beta -endorphin levels in brain areas involved in opiate reward and reinforcement processes. JF - European Journal of Neuroscience AU - Solinas, M AU - Zangen, A AU - Thiriet, N AU - Goldberg AD - Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Department of Health and Human Services, NIH, NIDA, IRP, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA, sgoldber@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 3183 EP - 3192 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 19 IS - 12 SN - 0953-816X, 0953-816X KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse KW - N3 11139:Toxicological and psychoactive drug correlates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17591368?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=beta+-Endorphin+elevations+in+the+ventral+tegmental+area+regulate+the+discriminative+effects+of+Delta+-9-tetrahydrocannabinol&rft.au=Solinas%2C+M%3BZangen%2C+A%3BThiriet%2C+N%3BGoldberg&rft.aulast=Solinas&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=European+Journal+of+Neuroscience&rft.issn=0953816X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.0953-816X.2004.03420.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03420.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of the rat tissue partitioning of endotoxin in vitro for physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling AN - 17509443; 6402879 AB - The biosynthetically double-labeled lipopolysaccharide (LPS), containing super(3)H-labeled on the fatty acyl-chains and super(14)C-labeled on the glucosamine of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, was isolated from bacteria grown in proteose peptone-beef extract (PPBE) medium in the presence of labeled precursors; 133 mu Ci/ml of [2- super(3)H] acetate sodium salt and 0.167 mu Ci/ml of N-acetyl[D-1- super(14)C]glucosamine. The LPS was extracted from the bacteria with 90% phenol/chloroform/petroleum ether, purified and stored in 0.1% (v/v) triethylamine/10 mM Tris HCI at -70 degree C. Tissue slices and portions of the meninges were prepared and incubated in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or Krebs phosphate buffer (Krebs) containing 150 ng/ml LPS with [ super(3)H] LPS (0.004 mu Ci/ml, sp. act. 28 mu Ci/mg LPS). The tissues were incubated under 95% oxygen/5% carbon dioxide at 37 degree C with constant agitation until steady-state uptake was reached (60 min). At the end of the incubation period, tissues were processed for radioactivity measurement. The rat tissue partitioning of LPS in artificial CSF for brain and Krebs for other organs was measured by using the ratio of tissue to medium at the steady state in vitro. The following results were obtained from the study: Heart, 0.15; liver, 0.19; spleen, 0.12; kidney, 0.18; stomach, 0.17; small intestine, 0.18; brain stem, 0.10; cerebellum, 0.11; meninges, 0.77; hippocampus, 0.12; hypothalamus, 0.12; frontal cortex, 0.09 and caudate nucleus, 0.10. This information, along with plasma or blood/buffer partition coefficients, is a requisite for constructing a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of endotoxins for quantitative risk assessment. JF - Journal of Applied Toxicology AU - Ross, IA AU - Sapienza, P P AU - Hanes, DE AU - Johnson, W AU - Kim, C S AD - Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (HFS-25), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 177 EP - 181 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0260-437X, 0260-437X KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Endotoxins KW - Heart KW - Glucosamine KW - Brain stem KW - Cerebellum KW - Spleen KW - Caudate nucleus KW - Small intestine KW - Acetic acid KW - Pharmacokinetics KW - Phenols KW - Sodium KW - Meninges KW - Salts KW - Oxygen KW - Cerebrospinal fluid KW - Phosphate KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Kidney KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Radioactivity KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17509443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Determination+of+the+rat+tissue+partitioning+of+endotoxin+in+vitro+for+physiologically-based+pharmacokinetic+%28PBPK%29+modeling&rft.au=Ross%2C+IA%3BSapienza%2C+P+P%3BHanes%2C+DE%3BJohnson%2C+W%3BKim%2C+C+S&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=IA&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Toxicology&rft.issn=0260437X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjat.956 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Heart; Endotoxins; Glucosamine; Brain stem; Cerebellum; Caudate nucleus; Spleen; Small intestine; Acetic acid; Phenols; Pharmacokinetics; Sodium; Oxygen; Salts; Meninges; Cerebrospinal fluid; Phosphate; Kidney; Lipopolysaccharides; Radioactivity; Salmonella enterica DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.956 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recommendations for the design and optimization of immunoassays used in the detection of host antibodies against biotechnology products AN - 17277114; 6045660 AB - Most biopharmaceutical therapeutics elicit some level of antibody response against the product. This antibody response can, in some cases, lead to potentially serious side effects and/or loss of efficacy. Therefore, the immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins is a concern for clinicians, manufacturers and regulatory agencies. In order to assess immunogenicity of these molecules, appropriate detection, quantitation and characterization of antibody responses are necessary. Inadequately designed antibody assays have led to the hampering of product development or, during licensure, post-marketing commitments. This document provides scientific recommendations based on the experience of the authors for the development of anti-product antibody immunoassays intended for preclinical or clinical studies. While the main focus of this document is assay design considerations, we provide scientific focus and background to the various assay performance parameters necessary for developing a valid assay. Sections on assay performance parameters, including those that appear in regulatory guidances, are contained in this manuscript. JF - Journal of Immunological Methods AU - Mire-Sluis, A R AU - Barrett, Y C AU - Devanarayan, V AU - Koren, E AU - Liu, H AU - Maia, M AU - Parish, T AU - Scott, G AU - Shankar, G AU - Shores, E AU - Swanson, S J AU - Taniguchi, G AU - Wierda, D AU - Zuckerman, LA AD - Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, FDA, 5515 Security Lane, HFD-3, Rm 1011, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, mire-sluisa@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/06// PY - 2004 DA - Jun 2004 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 289 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1759, 0022-1759 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Antibody response KW - Recommendations KW - Immunogenicity KW - Immunoassays KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - W3 33240:Immunology KW - F 06723:Other labelling methods KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17277114?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.atitle=Recommendations+for+the+design+and+optimization+of+immunoassays+used+in+the+detection+of+host+antibodies+against+biotechnology+products&rft.au=Mire-Sluis%2C+A+R%3BBarrett%2C+Y+C%3BDevanarayan%2C+V%3BKoren%2C+E%3BLiu%2C+H%3BMaia%2C+M%3BParish%2C+T%3BScott%2C+G%3BShankar%2C+G%3BShores%2C+E%3BSwanson%2C+S+J%3BTaniguchi%2C+G%3BWierda%2C+D%3BZuckerman%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Mire-Sluis&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft.volume=289&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.issn=00221759&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jim.2004.06.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Recommendations; Immunoassays; Antibody response; Immunogenicity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2004.06.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Procedures for designating classes of employees as members of the Special Exposure Cohort under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; Final rule. Final rule. AN - 71977668; 15171228 AB - This document describes how the Department of Health and Human Services ("HHS") will consider designating classes of employees to be added to the Special Exposure Cohort under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000 ("EEOICPA''). Under EEOICPA, and Executive Order 13179, the Secretary of HHS is authorized to make such designations, which take effect 180 days after Congress is notified unless Congress provides otherwise. An individual member (or the eligible survivors of a member) of a class of employees added to the Special Exposure Cohort would be entitled to compensation if the Department of Labor ("DOL") finds that employee incurred a specified cancer and the claim meets other requirements established under EEOICPA. JF - Federal register AU - Department of Health and Human Services AD - Department of Health and Human Services Y1 - 2004/05/28/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 28 SP - 30763 EP - 30786 VL - 69 IS - 104 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Berylliosis KW - Radiometry KW - Silicosis KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced KW - Workers' Compensation KW - United States Dept. of Health and Human Services KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Exposure -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Eligibility Determination -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71977668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Procedures+for+designating+classes+of+employees+as+members+of+the+Special+Exposure+Cohort+under+the+Energy+Employees+Occupational+Illness+Compensation+Program+Act+of+2000%3B+Final+rule.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aulast=Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-05-28&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=104&rft.spage=30763&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genomics in environmental health research--opportunities and challenges. AN - 71918933; 15138025 AB - Environmental health research impacts both environmental health regulatory policy and the practice of medicine. However, this area of medical research has not garnered public support and attention of medical researchers because of its emphasis on prevention and public health. Also, the pervasiveness of a scientific culture wedded to old problems and outdated technologies and models systems has not been helpful in generating enthusiasm for the field. While the emphasis on prevention is both laudable and appropriate, the adoption of cutting-edge technologies to exploit the new scientific opportunities, made possible by the nation's investment in genomics, is essential if the discipline expects to be competitive with other highly deserving programs. The new 'omics' era of environmental health research, ushered in over the past decade, characterized by the linkage of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics to conventional toxicology and pathology databases, holds great promise for elucidating mechanisms of gene-environment interaction in human health and disease. These combined approaches will allow one to monitor multiple molecular events, pathways and interactive networks simultaneously-a requirement for elucidating toxic mechanisms. But, before embracing the 'omics' technologies as the 'be all-end all;' they need to be validated for their predictive capacities in large-scale multi-institutional studies, such as those described in this article. JF - Toxicology AU - Olden, Kenneth AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and The National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Health, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA. olden@niehs.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 SP - 19 EP - 24 VL - 198 IS - 1-3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Research KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease KW - Environmental Health -- trends KW - Toxicology -- trends KW - Genomics -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71918933?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Genomics+in+environmental+health+research--opportunities+and+challenges.&rft.au=Olden%2C+Kenneth&rft.aulast=Olden&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=198&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Pyrolysis mass spectrometry differentiation of potential hoax materials from actual bioterror agents AN - 39972915; 3862827 AU - Rushing, L G AU - Rafii, F AU - Wilkes, J G Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39972915?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Pyrolysis+mass+spectrometry+differentiation+of+potential+hoax+materials+from+actual+bioterror+agents&rft.au=Rushing%2C+L+G%3BRafii%2C+F%3BWilkes%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Rushing&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Pittsburgh Conference, 300 Penn Center Blvd., Suite 332, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA; phone: 412-825-3220; fax: 412-825-3224; email: pittconinfo@pittcon.org; URL: www.pittcon.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Analytical method development for the determination of Kava and Gingko in functional foods AN - 39891299; 3856544 AU - de Jager, LS AU - Perfetti, G A AU - Diachenko, G Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39891299?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Analytical+method+development+for+the+determination+of+Kava+and+Gingko+in+functional+foods&rft.au=de+Jager%2C+LS%3BPerfetti%2C+G+A%3BDiachenko%2C+G&rft.aulast=de+Jager&rft.aufirst=LS&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Pittsburgh Conference, 300 Penn Center Blvd., Suite 332, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA; phone: 412-825-3220; fax: 412-825-3224; email: pittconinfo@pittcon.org; URL: www.pittcon.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Effect of key instrumental parameters and solute concentration on particle size distributions of solid aerosols produced using an oscillating capillary nebulizer (OCN) and a particle beam (PB) interface for mass spectrometry AN - 39866636; 3858679 AU - Casanova, J AU - Browner, R F Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39866636?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effect+of+key+instrumental+parameters+and+solute+concentration+on+particle+size+distributions+of+solid+aerosols+produced+using+an+oscillating+capillary+nebulizer+%28OCN%29+and+a+particle+beam+%28PB%29+interface+for+mass+spectrometry&rft.au=Casanova%2C+J%3BBrowner%2C+R+F&rft.aulast=Casanova&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Pittsburgh Conference, 300 Penn Center Blvd., Suite 332, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA; phone: 412-825-3220; fax: 412-825-3224; email: pittconinfo@pittcon.org; URL: www.pittcon.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessing and prioritizing food terrorism threats AN - 39852142; 3856723 AU - Brackett, R E Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39852142?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessing+and+prioritizing+food+terrorism+threats&rft.au=Brackett%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Brackett&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Pittsburgh Conference, 300 Penn Center Blvd., Suite 332, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA; phone: 412-825-3220; fax: 412-825-3224; email: pittconinfo@pittcon.org; URL: www.pittcon.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Molecular link between T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and actin cytoskeleton AN - 39848724; 3851480 AU - Barda-Saad, MO Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39848724?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Molecular+link+between+T-cell+antigen+receptor+%28TCR%29+and+actin+cytoskeleton&rft.au=Barda-Saad%2C+MO&rft.aulast=Barda-Saad&rft.aufirst=MO&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, P.O. Box 100, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724-2213, USA; phone: 516-367-8346; fax: 516-367-8845 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Pre-processing MALDI MS spectra to obtain reproducible biomarker expression levels AN - 39847167; 3862543 AU - Wilkes, J G AU - Dare, D J AU - Beaudoin, M AU - Dragan, Y P AU - Michael, C P AU - Buzatu, DA Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39847167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Pre-processing+MALDI+MS+spectra+to+obtain+reproducible+biomarker+expression+levels&rft.au=Wilkes%2C+J+G%3BDare%2C+D+J%3BBeaudoin%2C+M%3BDragan%2C+Y+P%3BMichael%2C+C+P%3BBuzatu%2C+DA&rft.aulast=Wilkes&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Pittsburgh Conference, 300 Penn Center Blvd., Suite 332, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA; phone: 412-825-3220; fax: 412-825-3224; email: pittconinfo@pittcon.org; URL: www.pittcon.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of high-throughput affinity-based MALDI for clinical applications and early detection of cancer AN - 39845944; 3858266 AU - Petricoin, E Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39845944?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+high-throughput+affinity-based+MALDI+for+clinical+applications+and+early+detection+of+cancer&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+E&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Pittsburgh Conference, 300 Penn Center Blvd., Suite 332, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA; phone: 412-825-3220; fax: 412-825-3224; email: pittconinfo@pittcon.org; URL: www.pittcon.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Detection of toxic anions in foods & beverages by ethylation with headspace/solid phase microextractive sampling and GC-MS AN - 39836639; 3858096 AU - Mulligan, K J AU - Weckerling, E A Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39836639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Detection+of+toxic+anions+in+foods+%26amp%3B+beverages+by+ethylation+with+headspace%2Fsolid+phase+microextractive+sampling+and+GC-MS&rft.au=Mulligan%2C+K+J%3BWeckerling%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Mulligan&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Pittsburgh Conference, 300 Penn Center Blvd., Suite 332, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA; phone: 412-825-3220; fax: 412-825-3224; email: pittconinfo@pittcon.org; URL: www.pittcon.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Development of an HPLC-fluorescence method for the determination of acrylamide in food AN - 39831876; 3858248 AU - Noonan, GO AU - Begley, TH AU - Warner, C R AU - Diachenko, G Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39831876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Development+of+an+HPLC-fluorescence+method+for+the+determination+of+acrylamide+in+food&rft.au=Noonan%2C+GO%3BBegley%2C+TH%3BWarner%2C+C+R%3BDiachenko%2C+G&rft.aulast=Noonan&rft.aufirst=GO&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Pittsburgh Conference, 300 Penn Center Blvd., Suite 332, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA; phone: 412-825-3220; fax: 412-825-3224; email: pittconinfo@pittcon.org; URL: www.pittcon.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Diffusion of limonene in polyethylene AN - 39787124; 3858389 AU - Limm, W AU - Begley, TH AU - Lickly, T D AU - Hentges, S G Y1 - 2004/05/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 20 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39787124?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Diffusion+of+limonene+in+polyethylene&rft.au=Limm%2C+W%3BBegley%2C+TH%3BLickly%2C+T+D%3BHentges%2C+S+G&rft.aulast=Limm&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-05-20&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Pittsburgh Conference, 300 Penn Center Blvd., Suite 332, Pittsburgh, PA 15235, USA; phone: 412-825-3220; fax: 412-825-3224; email: pittconinfo@pittcon.org; URL: www.pittcon.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of public toxicogenomics software for microarray data management and analysis. AN - 71893866; 15120974 AB - A robust bioinformatics capability is widely acknowledged as central to realizing the promises of toxicogenomics. Successful application of toxicogenomic approaches, such as DNA microarray, inextricably relies on appropriate data management, the ability to extract knowledge from massive amounts of data and the availability of functional information for data interpretation. At the FDA's National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), we are developing a public microarray data management and analysis software, called ArrayTrack. ArrayTrack is Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME) supportive for storing both microarray data and experiment parameters associated with a toxicogenomics study. A quality control mechanism is implemented to assure the fidelity of entered expression data. ArrayTrack also provides a rich collection of functional information about genes, proteins and pathways drawn from various public biological databases for facilitating data interpretation. In addition, several data analysis and visualization tools are available with ArrayTrack, and more tools will be available in the next released version. Importantly, gene expression data, functional information and analysis methods are fully integrated so that the data analysis and interpretation process is simplified and enhanced. ArrayTrack is publicly available online and the prospective user can also request a local installation version by contacting the authors. JF - Mutation research AU - Tong, Weida AU - Harris, Stephen AU - Cao, Xiaoxi AU - Fang, Hong AU - Shi, Leming AU - Sun, Hongmei AU - Fuscoe, James AU - Harris, Angela AU - Hong, Huixiao AU - Xie, Qian AU - Perkins, Roger AU - Casciano, Dan AD - Center for Toxicoinformatics, Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, NCTR, 3900 NCTR Road, HFT-020, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. wtong@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/05/18/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 18 SP - 241 EP - 253 VL - 549 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Index Medicus KW - Software KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis KW - Databases, Genetic KW - Toxicology KW - Genomics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71893866?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Development+of+public+toxicogenomics+software+for+microarray+data+management+and+analysis.&rft.au=Tong%2C+Weida%3BHarris%2C+Stephen%3BCao%2C+Xiaoxi%3BFang%2C+Hong%3BShi%2C+Leming%3BSun%2C+Hongmei%3BFuscoe%2C+James%3BHarris%2C+Angela%3BHong%2C+Huixiao%3BXie%2C+Qian%3BPerkins%2C+Roger%3BCasciano%2C+Dan&rft.aulast=Tong&rft.aufirst=Weida&rft.date=2004-05-18&rft.volume=549&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene expression profiles and genetic damage in benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide-exposed TK6 cells. AN - 71891553; 15120962 AB - Microarray analysis is a powerful tool to identify the biological effects of drugs or chemicals on cellular gene expression. In this study, we compare the relationships between traditional measures of genetic toxicology and mutagen-induced alterations in gene expression profiles. TK6 cells were incubated with 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 microM +/-anti-benzo(a)pyrene-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) for 4 h and then cultured for an additional 20 h. Aliquots of the exposed cells were removed at 4 and 24 h in order to quantify DNA adduct levels by 32P post-labeling and measure cell viability by cloning efficiency and flow cytometry. Gene expression profiles were developed by extracting total RNA from the control and exposed cells at 4 and 24 h, labeling with Cy3 or Cy5 and hybridizing to a human 350 gene array. Mutant frequencies in the Thymidine Kinase and Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyl Transferase genes were also determined. The 10alpha-(deoxyguanosin-N(2)-yl)-7alpha,8beta,9beta-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene (dG-N(2)-BPDE) adduct increased as a function of dose and was the only adduct identified. A dose-related decrease in cell viability was evident at 24 h, but not at 4 h. Cell death occurred by apoptosis. At 4 h, analysis of the gene expression profiles revealed that Glutathione Peroxidase and Gadd45 were consistently upregulated (greater than 1.5-fold and significantly (P < 0.001) greater than the control in two experiments) in response to 1.0 microM BPDE exposure. Fifteen genes were consistently down-regulated (less than 0.67-fold and significantly (P < 0.001) lower than the control in two experiments) at 4 h in cultures exposed to 1.0 microM BPDE. Genes with altered expression at 4 h included genes important in the progression of the cell-cycle and those that inhibit apoptosis. At 24 h post-exposure, 16 genes, involved in cell-cycle control, detoxification, and apoptosis were consistently upregulated; 10 genes were repressed in cultures exposed to the high dose of BPDE. Real-time quantitative PCR confirmed the differential expression of selected genes. These data suggest that changes in gene expression will help to identify effects of drugs and chemicals on molecular pathways in cells, and will provide useful information about the molecular responses associated with DNA damage. Of the endpoints evaluated, DNA adduct formation was the most sensitive indicator of DNA damage. DNA adduct formation was clearly evident at low doses, but the number of genes with significantly altered expression (P < 0.001) was minimal. Alterations in gene expression were more robust at doses associated with cellular toxicity and induction of mutations. JF - Mutation research AU - Akerman, G S AU - Rosenzweig, B A AU - Domon, O E AU - McGarrity, L J AU - Blankenship, L R AU - Tsai, C A AU - Culp, S J AU - MacGregor, J T AU - Sistare, F D AU - Chen, J J AU - Morris, S M AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/05/18/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 18 SP - 43 EP - 64 VL - 549 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - DNA Primers KW - Mutagens KW - benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide-DNA KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide KW - 55097-80-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Clone Cells KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Base Sequence KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- toxicity KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Mutagens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71891553?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Gene+expression+profiles+and+genetic+damage+in+benzo%28a%29pyrene+diol+epoxide-exposed+TK6+cells.&rft.au=Akerman%2C+G+S%3BRosenzweig%2C+B+A%3BDomon%2C+O+E%3BMcGarrity%2C+L+J%3BBlankenship%2C+L+R%3BTsai%2C+C+A%3BCulp%2C+S+J%3BMacGregor%2C+J+T%3BSistare%2C+F+D%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BMorris%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Akerman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-05-18&rft.volume=549&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of basal gene expression profiles and effects of hepatocarcinogens on gene expression in cultured primary human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. AN - 71891423; 15120964 AB - Toxicogenomics is a relatively new discipline of toxicology. Microarrays and bioinformatics tools are being used successfully to understand the effects of toxicants on in vivo and in vitro model systems, and to gain a better understanding of the relevance of in vitro models commonly used in toxicological studies. In this study, cDNA filter arrays were used to determine the basal expression patterns of human cultured primary hepatocytes from different male donors; compare the gene expression profile of HepG2 to that of primary hepatocytes; and analyze the effects of three genotoxic hepatocarcinogens; aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)), 2-acetylaminofluorene (2AAF), and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), as well as one non-gentoxic hepatotoxin, acetaminophen (APAP) on gene expression in both in vitro systems. Real-time PCR was used to verify differential gene expression for selected genes. Of the approximately 31,000 genes screened, 3-6% were expressed in primary hepatocytes cultured on matrigel for 16 h. Of these genes, 867 were expressed in cultured hepatocytes from all donors. HepG2 cells expressed about 98% of the genes detectable in cultured primary hepatocytes, however, 31% of the HepG2 transcriptome was unique to the cell line. A number of these genes are expressed in human liver but expression is apparently lost during culture. There was considerable variability in the response to chemical carcinogen exposure in primary hepatocytes from different donors. The transcription factors, E2F1 and ID1 mRNA were increased three-fold and six-fold (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), respectively, in AFB(1) treated primary human hepatocytes but were not altered in HepG2. ID1 expression was also increased by dimethylnitrosamine, acetylaminofluorene and acetaminophen in both primary hepatocytes and HepG2. Identification of genes that are expressed in primary hepatocytes from most donors, as well as those genes with variable expression, will aid in understanding the variability in human reactions to drugs and chemicals. This study suggests that identification of biomarkers of exposure to some chemicals may be possible in the human through microarray analysis, despite the variability in responses. JF - Mutation research AU - Harris, Angela J AU - Dial, Stacey L AU - Casciano, Daniel A AD - Center for Hepatotoxicity, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Drive, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. aharris@cteh.com Y1 - 2004/05/18/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 18 SP - 79 EP - 99 VL - 549 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Liver Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Liver -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71891423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+basal+gene+expression+profiles+and+effects+of+hepatocarcinogens+on+gene+expression+in+cultured+primary+human+hepatocytes+and+HepG2+cells.&rft.au=Harris%2C+Angela+J%3BDial%2C+Stacey+L%3BCasciano%2C+Daniel+A&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft.date=2004-05-18&rft.volume=549&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolic Formation of DHP-Derived DNA Adducts from a Representative Otonecine Type Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Clivorine and the Extract of Ligularia hodgsonnii Hook AN - 17978258; 5922152 AB - Plants that contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are widely distributed, and PAs have been shown to be genotoxic and tumorigenic in experimental animals. Our recent mechanistic studies indicated that riddelliine, a tumorigenic retronecine type PA, induced tumors via a genotoxic mechanism mediated by the formation of a set of eight 6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP)-derived DNA adducts. However, it is not known if this mechanism is general to PAs of other types. In this study, we report that the metabolism of clivorine, a tumorigenic otonecine type PA, by F344 rat liver microsomes results in DHP formation. When incubations were conducted with clivorine in the presence of calf thymus DNA, eight DHP-derived DNA adducts were formed. The Ligularia hodgsonnii Hook plant, an antitussive traditional Chinese medicine, was found to contain otonecine type PAs with clivorine being predominant. DHP and DHP-derived DNA adducts were also obtained when microsomal incubations were conducted with extracts of L. hodgsonnii Hook. This is the first report that DHP-derived DNA adducts are formed from the metabolic activation of otonecine type PA and that these DHP-derived DNA adducts are potential biomarkers of PA exposure and PA-induced tumorigenicity. These results also provide evidence that the principal metabolic activation pathway of clivorine leading to liver genotoxicity and tumorigenicity is (i) formation of the corresponding dehydropyrrolizidine (pyrrolic) derivative through oxidative N-demethylation of the necine base followed by ring closure and dehydration and (ii) binding of the pyrrolic metabolite to DNA leading to the DNA adduct formation and tumor initiation. JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology AU - Xia, Q AU - Chou, M W AU - Lin, G AU - Fu, P P AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA Y1 - 2004/05/17/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 17 SP - 702 EP - 708 VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - 6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5A-pyrrolizine KW - clivorine KW - metabolic activation KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - pyrrolizidine alkaloids KW - DNA adducts KW - Ligularia hodgsonnii KW - Liver KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17978258?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Metabolic+Formation+of+DHP-Derived+DNA+Adducts+from+a+Representative+Otonecine+Type+Pyrrolizidine+Alkaloid+Clivorine+and+the+Extract+of+Ligularia+hodgsonnii+Hook&rft.au=Xia%2C+Q%3BChou%2C+M+W%3BLin%2C+G%3BFu%2C+P+P&rft.aulast=Xia&rft.aufirst=Q&rft.date=2004-05-17&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=702&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Ftx030030q LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ligularia hodgsonnii; DNA adducts; pyrrolizidine alkaloids; Liver DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx030030q ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Divergent immunological responses following glutaraldehyde exposure AN - 18006519; 5954724 AB - Although Glutaraldehyde (Glut) has been demonstrated to be a moderate contact sensitizer, numerous cases of occupational asthma related to Glut exposure have been reported. The purpose of these studies was to examine the dose-response relationship between Glut exposure and the development of T cell-mediated vs. IgE- mediated responses. Initial evaluation of the sensitization potential was conducted using the local lymph node assay (LLNA) at concentrations ranging from 0.75% to 2.5%. A concentration-dependent increase in lymphocyte proliferation was observed with EC3 values of 0.072% and 0.089% in CBA and BALB/c mice, respectively. The mouse ear swelling test (MEST) was used to evaluate the potential for Glut to elicit IgE (1/2 h post challenge) and contact hypersensitivity (24 and 48 h post challenge) responses. An immediate response was observed in animals induced and challenged with 2.5% Glut, whereas animals induced with 0.1% or 0.75% and challenged with 2.5% exhibited a delayed response 48 h post challenge. IgE-inducing potential was evaluated by phenotypic analysis of draining lymph node cells and measurement of total serum IgE levels. Only the 2.5% exposed group demonstrated a significant increase (P 0.01) in the percentage of IgE super(+)B220 super(+) cells and serum IgE. Following 3 days of dermal exposure, a significant increase in IL-4 mRNA in the draining lymph nodes was observed only in the 2.5% exposed group. These results indicate that the development of an immediate vs. a delayed hypersensitivity response following dermal exposure to Glut is at least in part mediated by the exposure concentration. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Azadi, S AU - Klink, K J AU - Meade, B J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, bhm8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 15 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Elsevier Inc. VL - 197 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Interleukin 4 KW - Contact dermatitis KW - Skin KW - Serum KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - Asthma KW - Glutaraldehyde KW - Lymph nodes KW - X 24151:Acute exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18006519?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Divergent+immunological+responses+following+glutaraldehyde+exposure&rft.au=Azadi%2C+S%3BKlink%2C+K+J%3BMeade%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Azadi&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-05-15&rft.volume=197&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.taap.2004.01.017 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Skin; Lymph nodes; Serum; Interleukin 4; Contact dermatitis; Glutaraldehyde; Immunoglobulin E; Asthma DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2004.01.017 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A sub(2A) Adenosine Receptor Activation Improves Survival in Mouse Models of Endotoxemia and Sepsis AN - 17987880; 5921764 AB - Background. Sepsis is currently treated with antibiotics and various adjunctive therapies that are not very effective. Methods. Mouse survival (4-5 days) and peritoneal and blood bacteria counts were determined after challenge with intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or live Escherichia coli. Results. The A sub(2A) adenosine receptor (AR) agonist 4-{3-[6-amino-9-(5-ethylcarbamoyl-3, 4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-2-yl]-prop-2-ynyl}- cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester (ATL146e; 0.05-50 mu g/kg) protected mice from challenge with LPS, and protection occurred when treatment was delayed up to 24 h after challenge. Deletion of the A sub(2A) AR gene, Adora2a, inhibited protection by ATL146e. A putative A sub(3)AR agonist, N super(6)-3-iodobenzyladenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA; 500 mu g/kg but not 5 or 50 mu g/kg) protected mice from challenge with LPS. The protective effects of both ATL146e and IB-MECA were counteracted by the A sub(2A) AR selective antagonist 4-(2-[7-amino-2-[2-furyl][1,2,4]triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-yl -amino] ethyl)-phenol. In the live E. coli model, treatment with ATL146e (50 mu g/kg initiated 8 h after infection) increased survival in mice treated with ceftriaxone (5 days) from 40% to 100%. Treatment with ATL146e did not affect peritoneal numbers of live E. coli at the time of death or 120 h after infection but did increase numbers of peritoneal neutrophils and decreased the number of live E. coli in blood. Conclusions. AR agonists increase mouse survival in endotoxemia and sepsis via A sub(2A) AR-mediated mechanisms and reduce the number of live bacteria in blood. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Sullivan, G W AU - Fang, G AU - Linden, J AU - Scheld, WM AD - Division of Reproductive and Urologic Drug Products, US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2004/05/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 15 SP - 1897 EP - 1904 VL - 189 IS - 10 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - ATL146e KW - cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Sepsis KW - Escherichia coli KW - Animal models KW - Receptors KW - Survival KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Endotoxemia KW - Ceftriaxone KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17987880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=A+sub%282A%29+Adenosine+Receptor+Activation+Improves+Survival+in+Mouse+Models+of+Endotoxemia+and+Sepsis&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+G+W%3BFang%2C+G%3BLinden%2C+J%3BScheld%2C+WM&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-05-15&rft.volume=189&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1897&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sepsis; Receptors; Animal models; Lipopolysaccharides; Survival; Endotoxemia; Ceftriaxone; Escherichia coli ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Anthrax Lethal Toxin Rapidly Activates Caspase-1/ICE and Induces Extracellular Release of Interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-18 AN - 17976745; 5919139 AB - Anthrax lethal toxin (LT), a critical virulence factor for Bacillus anthracis, has been demonstrated to cleave and to inactivate mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKKs) that propagate prosurvival signals in macrophages (1-5). Whether this action of anthrax LT leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages has been more controversial (6, 7). We now report that anthrax LT treatment leads to the specific extracellular release of interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-18 by the murine macrophage cell lines, RAW264.7 and J774A.1. Studies of the processing of IL-1 beta reveal that the levels of activated/cleaved IL-1 beta in RAW264.7 and J774.A1 cells are increased following treatment with anthrax LT. Enhanced processing of IL-1 beta directly correlates with increased levels in the activation of its upstream regulator, IL-1 beta -converting enzyme/Caspase-1 (ICE). The extracellular release of IL-1 beta and IL-18 in response to anthrax LT is ICE-dependent, as an ICE-specific inhibitor blocks this process. These data indicate that ICE, IL- 1 beta , and IL-18 are downstream effectors of anthrax LT in macrophages, providing the basis for new bioassays for anthrax LT activity and representing potential therapeutic targets. JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry AU - Cordoba-Rodriguez, R AU - Fang, H AU - Lankford, CSR AU - Frucht, D M AD - Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, frucht@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/05/14/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 14 SP - 20563 EP - 20566 PB - American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 9650 Rockville Pike Bethesda MD 20814-3996 USA, [mailto:asbmb@asbmb.faseb.org], [URL:http://www.jbc.org] VL - 279 IS - 20 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - mice KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Macrophages KW - virulence factors KW - Interleukin 1 KW - Interleukin 18 KW - Anthrax KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Toxins KW - F 067735:Interleukins KW - J 02823:In vitro and in vivo effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17976745?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Anthrax+Lethal+Toxin+Rapidly+Activates+Caspase-1%2FICE+and+Induces+Extracellular+Release+of+Interleukin+%28IL%29-1+beta+and+IL-18&rft.au=Cordoba-Rodriguez%2C+R%3BFang%2C+H%3BLankford%2C+CSR%3BFrucht%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Cordoba-Rodriguez&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-05-14&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=20563&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biological+Chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/10.1074%2Fjbc.C300539200 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Macrophages; virulence factors; Interleukin 18; Interleukin 1; Anthrax; Toxins; Bacillus anthracis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.C300539200 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Induction of gp130-related cytokines and activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in astrocytes precedes up-regulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine model of neurodegeneration: key signaling pathway for astrogliosis in vivo? AN - 71896191; 14996842 AB - Reactive gliosis is a hallmark of disease-, trauma-, and chemical-induced damage to the central nervous system. The signaling pathways associated with this response to neural injury remain to be elucidated, but recent evidence implicates the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. Here, we used the known dopaminergic neurotoxicant, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), to selectively damage striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals and elicit a glial response. We then analyzed changes in gene expression and protein phosphorylation, in vivo, to identify ligands and mediators of the JAK-STAT pathway that accompany glial activation. Administration of MPTP caused rapid tyrosine (Tyr-705) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3 in striatal astrocytes, prior to the induction of glial fibrillary acidic protein mRNA and protein. Pharmacological protection of dopaminergic nerve terminals with nomifensine abolished MPTP-mediated phosphorylation and translocation of STAT3 and prevented induction of astrogliosis. Among the Janus kinase family of tyrosine kinases, only JAK2 was associated with the phosphorylation of STAT3 after MPTP and, inhibition of JAK2 by AG490, in vivo, attenuated both the phosphorylation of STAT3 and induction of GFAP. The p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK; ERK1/2) also was activated by MPTP, but was not associated with activation of STAT3, because serine (Ser-727) was not phosphorylated. The mRNA for ligands of the gp130-JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, interleukin-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, and oncostatin M were elevated prior to activation of STAT3 and induction of astrogliosis; neuroprotection with nomifensine blocked these effects of MPTP. Taken together, our results suggest that the gp130-mediated activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway may play a key role in the induction of astrogliosis. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Sriram, Krishnan AU - Benkovic, Stanley A AU - Hebert, Meleik A AU - Miller, Diane B AU - O'Callaghan, James P AD - HELD/TMBB, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/05/07/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 07 SP - 19936 EP - 19947 VL - 279 IS - 19 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Antigens, CD KW - 0 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Dopamine Agents KW - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - Il6st protein, mouse KW - Interleukin-6 KW - Leukemia Inhibitory Factor KW - Lif protein, mouse KW - Ligands KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Osm protein, mouse KW - Peptides KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - STAT3 Transcription Factor KW - Stat3 protein, mouse KW - Trans-Activators KW - Oncostatin M KW - 106956-32-5 KW - Cytokine Receptor gp130 KW - 133483-10-0 KW - Nomifensine KW - 1LGS5JRP31 KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine KW - 9P21XSP91P KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - Jak2 protein, mouse KW - EC 2.7.10.2 KW - Janus Kinase 2 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dopamine Agents -- pharmacology KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Models, Biological KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Phosphorylation KW - RNA -- metabolism KW - 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine -- pharmacology KW - Nomifensine -- pharmacology KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Tyrosine -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - Signal Transduction KW - Male KW - Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Active Transport, Cell Nucleus KW - Immunoblotting KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Dimerization KW - Interleukin-6 -- metabolism KW - Peptides -- metabolism KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - MAP Kinase Signaling System KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - DNA, Complementary -- metabolism KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 -- metabolism KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Protein Transport KW - Antigens, CD -- biosynthesis KW - Trans-Activators -- metabolism KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- biosynthesis KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- metabolism KW - Astrocytes -- physiology KW - Up-Regulation KW - Protein-Tyrosine Kinases -- metabolism KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Astrocytes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71896191?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Induction+of+gp130-related+cytokines+and+activation+of+JAK2%2FSTAT3+pathway+in+astrocytes+precedes+up-regulation+of+glial+fibrillary+acidic+protein+in+the+1-methyl-4-phenyl-1%2C2%2C3%2C6-tetrahydropyridine+model+of+neurodegeneration%3A+key+signaling+pathway+for+astrogliosis+in+vivo%3F&rft.au=Sriram%2C+Krishnan%3BBenkovic%2C+Stanley+A%3BHebert%2C+Meleik+A%3BMiller%2C+Diane+B%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+James+P&rft.aulast=Sriram&rft.aufirst=Krishnan&rft.date=2004-05-07&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=19936&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-15 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Context-specific memory and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon 4: cognitive evidence from the NIMH prospective study of risk for Alzheimer's disease. AN - 85377691; pmid-15147594 AB - The aim of the study was to determine whether the epsilon 4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene was associated primarily with context-specific memory among individuals at genetic risk for developing Alzheimer's disease. The effect of ApoE status on comprehensive neuropsychological results was examined in 176 healthy adults during baseline cognitive testing in the NIMH Prospective Study of Biomarkers for Older Controls at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease (NIMH Prospective BIOCARD Study). The presence of the epsilon 4 allele was associated with significantly lower total scores on the Logical Memory II subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised and percent of information retained after delay. Further analysis indicated the prose recall and retention effect was partially explained by a small subgroup of epsilon 4 homozygotes, suggesting a gradually progressive process that may be presaged with specific cognitive measures. The current results may represent an epsilon 4-associated breakdown between gist-related information and context-bound veridical recall. This relative disconnection may be understood in light of putative epsilon 4-related preclinical accumulation of Alzheimer pathology (tangles and plaques) in the entorhinal cortex (EC) and among frontal networks, as well as the possibility of less-efficient compensatory strategies. JF - Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS AU - Levy, James A AU - Bergeson, Judy AU - Putnam, Karen AU - Rosen, Virginia AU - Cohen, Robert AU - Lalonde, Francois AU - Mirza, Nadeem AU - Linker, Gary AU - Sunderland, Trey AD - Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. jameslevy@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 362 EP - 370 VL - 10 IS - 3 SN - 1355-6177, 1355-6177 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Alleles KW - *Alzheimer Disease: genetics KW - *Alzheimer Disease: physiopathology KW - Apolipoprotein E4 KW - *Apolipoproteins E: genetics KW - Female KW - Gene Frequency KW - Genotype KW - Humans KW - Linear Models KW - Male KW - *Memory: physiology KW - Mental Status Schedule KW - Middle Aged KW - National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) KW - Neuropsychological Tests KW - Prospective Studies KW - Risk KW - United States KW - Verbal Learning: physiology KW - Wechsler Scales UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85377691?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Neuropsychological+Society+%3A+JINS&rft.atitle=Context-specific+memory+and+apolipoprotein+E+%28ApoE%29+epsilon+4%3A+cognitive+evidence+from+the+NIMH+prospective+study+of+risk+for+Alzheimer%27s+disease.&rft.au=Levy%2C+James+A%3BBergeson%2C+Judy%3BPutnam%2C+Karen%3BRosen%2C+Virginia%3BCohen%2C+Robert%3BLalonde%2C+Francois%3BMirza%2C+Nadeem%3BLinker%2C+Gary%3BSunderland%2C+Trey&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+International+Neuropsychological+Society+%3A+JINS&rft.issn=13556177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Model Predictions of the Recruitment of Lung Units and the Lung Surface Area-Volume Relationship During Inflation AN - 831172143; 13865912 AB - Experimental evidence suggests that the lung behaves as if it is composed of a large population of units which are recruited and derecruited during lung expansion and contraction. This study combines two previous models in order to estimate the probability distribution function describing lung unit opening pressures and the resulting alveolar surface area-volume relationship of the excised rat lung during inflation. Results indicate that the opening pressures of lung units during inflation can be described by a normal distribution. The end-expiratory pressure (EEP) has a large effect on the number of lung units that open during inflation and the properties of the area-volume relationship of the lung, but the distribution of opening pressures of individual lung units is fairly consistent regardless of EEP. This study also presents evidence that when the normalized lung area-volume relationship is represented by the equation [A sub(L)] sub(N) = [h V sub(L)] sub(N) super(n) during inflation from the closed state, the expansion coefficient n is between 0.86 and 1. This result supports the theory that, for inflation from EEPs below 4 cmH sub(2)O, lung expansion occurs in part by the recruitment of lung units and not solely by the expansion of open units. JF - Annals of Biomedical Engineering AU - Frazer, David G AU - Lindsley, William G AU - Rosenberry, Kimberly AU - McKinney, Walter AU - Goldsmith, William T AU - Reynolds, Jeffrey S AU - Tomblyn, Seth AU - Afshari, Aliakbar AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, wdl7@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 756 EP - 763 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 32 IS - 5 SN - 0090-6964, 0090-6964 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Lung KW - Recruitment KW - Animal models KW - Pressure KW - Alveoli KW - Models KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/831172143?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Model+Predictions+of+the+Recruitment+of+Lung+Units+and+the+Lung+Surface+Area-Volume+Relationship+During+Inflation&rft.au=Frazer%2C+David+G%3BLindsley%2C+William+G%3BRosenberry%2C+Kimberly%3BMcKinney%2C+Walter%3BGoldsmith%2C+William+T%3BReynolds%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BTomblyn%2C+Seth%3BAfshari%2C+Aliakbar&rft.aulast=Frazer&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=756&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering&rft.issn=00906964&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AABME.0000030240.83381.63 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Lung; Recruitment; Animal models; Pressure; Alveoli; Models DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:ABME.0000030240.83381.63 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical use of immunoassays in assessing exposure to fungi and potential health effects related to fungal exposure. AN - 72012993; 15191015 AB - To review and summarize current evidence regarding the proper role of immunoassays in clinical assessments of exposure to fungi and health effects related to fungal exposure. We reviewed relevant scientific investigations and previously published reviews concerning this topic. The authors' clinical, laboratory, and public health experiences were used to evaluate relevant data for scientific merit. Testing to determine the presence of IgE to specific fungi may be a useful component of a complete clinical evaluation in the diagnosis of illnesses that can be caused by immediate hypersensitivity such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. Detection of IgG to specific fungi has been used as a marker of exposure to agents that may cause illnesses such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis. However, the ubiquitous nature of many fungi and the lack of specificity of fungal antigens limit the usefulness of these types of tests in the evaluation of potential building-related illness and fungal exposure. Specific serologic tests (such as tests for cryptococcal antigen, coccidioidal antibody, and Histoplasma antigen) have been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of some fungal infections, but these are the exception not the rule. There is currently not enough scientific evidence to support the routine clinical use of immunoassays as a primary means of assessing environmental fungal exposure or health effects related to fungal exposure. Health care providers who care for persons expressing concerns about the relationship of symptoms to potential exposure to fungi are advised to use immunoassay results with care and only as an adjunct to a comprehensive approach to patient care. JF - Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology AU - Trout, Douglas B AU - Seltzer, James M AU - Page, Elena H AU - Biagini, Raymond E AU - Schmechel, Detlef AU - Lewis, Daniel M AU - Boudreau, A Yvonne AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. dtrout@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 483 EP - 91; quiz 492-4, 575 VL - 92 IS - 5 SN - 1081-1206, 1081-1206 KW - Antibodies, Fungal KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Fungal KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Mycoses -- immunology KW - Antigens, Fungal -- immunology KW - Humans KW - Antibodies, Fungal -- immunology KW - Male KW - Immunoassay KW - Child, Preschool KW - Fungi -- immunology KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Environmental Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72012993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+allergy%2C+asthma+%26+immunology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+College+of+Allergy%2C+Asthma%2C+%26+Immunology&rft.atitle=Clinical+use+of+immunoassays+in+assessing+exposure+to+fungi+and+potential+health+effects+related+to+fungal+exposure.&rft.au=Trout%2C+Douglas+B%3BSeltzer%2C+James+M%3BPage%2C+Elena+H%3BBiagini%2C+Raymond+E%3BSchmechel%2C+Detlef%3BLewis%2C+Daniel+M%3BBoudreau%2C+A+Yvonne&rft.aulast=Trout&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=92&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=483&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+allergy%2C+asthma+%26+immunology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+College+of+Allergy%2C+Asthma%2C+%26+Immunology&rft.issn=10811206&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Toxicogenomics through the eyes of informatics: conference overview and recommendations. AN - 71950875; 15159210 AB - Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, in conjunction with National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, hosted a conference, "Toxicogenomics through the Eyes of Informatics," in Bethesda, Maryland, USA, on 12-13 May 2003. Researchers around the world met to discuss how the application of bioinformatics tools, methodologies, and technologies will enhance our understanding of how cells and organisms respond to toxins. Conference topics included statistical methods, quantitative molecular data sets, computational algorithms for data analysis, computational modeling and simulation, challenges and opportunities in computational biology, and information technology infrastructure for data and tool management. This meeting report is a summary of conference presentations, survey results, current toxicogenomics concerns, and future directions of the toxicogenomics community. In conclusion this report discusses toxicogenomics as related to environmental agents, cell-chemical reactions, and gene-environment interactions. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Olden, Kenneth AU - Call, Neysa AU - Sobral, Bruno AU - Oakes, Robin Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 805 EP - 807 VL - 112 IS - 7 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cell Physiological Phenomena KW - International Cooperation KW - Environmental Health KW - Humans KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Algorithms KW - Information Science -- trends KW - Toxicogenetics -- trends KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71950875?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Toxicogenomics+through+the+eyes+of+informatics%3A+conference+overview+and+recommendations.&rft.au=Olden%2C+Kenneth%3BCall%2C+Neysa%3BSobral%2C+Bruno%3BOakes%2C+Robin&rft.aulast=Olden&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=805&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of Ape1 nuclease activity by lead, iron, and cadmium. AN - 71950173; 15159209 AB - Many environmental metals are co-carcinogens, eliciting their effects via inhibition of DNA repair. Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease 1 (Ape1) is the major mammalian abasic endonuclease and initiates repair of this cytotoxic/mutagenic lesion by incising the DNA backbone via a Mg(2+)-dependent reaction. In this study we examined the effects of arsenite [As(III)], cadmium [Cd(II)], cobalt [Co(II)], iron [Fe(II)], nickel [Ni(II)], and lead [Pb(II)] at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 100 microM on the incision activity of Ape1 in the presence of 1 mM MgCl(subscript)2(/subscript). Pb(II) and Fe(II) inhibited Ape1 activity at each of the concentrations tested, with an IC(subscript)50(/subscript) (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) of 0.61 and 1.0 microM, respectively. Cd(II) also inhibited Ape1 activity but only at concentrations > 10 microM. No inhibition was seen with As(III), Co(II), or Ni(II). A similar inhibition pattern was observed with the homologous Escherichia coli protein, exonuclease III, but no inhibition was seen with the structurally distinct AP endonuclease E. coli endonuclease IV, indicating a targeted effect of Pb(II), Fe(II), and Cd(II) on the Ape1-like repair enzymes. Excess nonspecific DNA did not abrogate the metal inactivation, suggesting a protein-specific effect. Notably, Cd(II), Fe(II), and Pb(II) [but not As(III), Co(II), or Ni(II)] inhibited AP endonuclease activity in whole-cell extracts but had no significant effect on single nucleotide gap filling, 5'-flap endonuclease, and nick ligation activities, supporting the idea of selective inactivation of Ape1 in cells. Our results are the first to identify a potential DNA repair enzyme target for lead and suggest a means by which these prevalent environmental metals may elicit their deleterious effects. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - McNeill, Daniel R AU - Narayana, Avinash AU - Wong, Heng-Kuan AU - Wilson, David M AD - Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland 21224-6825, USA. Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 799 EP - 804 VL - 112 IS - 7 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Metals, Heavy KW - 0 KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Iron KW - E1UOL152H7 KW - DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase KW - EC 4.2.99.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - DNA Repair KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Cell Culture Techniques KW - Escherichia coli -- enzymology KW - Lead -- toxicity KW - Cadmium -- toxicity KW - Metals, Heavy -- toxicity KW - DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase -- pharmacology KW - Iron -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71950173?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+Ape1+nuclease+activity+by+lead%2C+iron%2C+and+cadmium.&rft.au=McNeill%2C+Daniel+R%3BNarayana%2C+Avinash%3BWong%2C+Heng-Kuan%3BWilson%2C+David+M&rft.aulast=McNeill&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=799&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Aug 20;93(17):8919-23 [8799128] Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Jun 15;25(12):2495-500 [9171104] Environ Health Perspect. 1994 Sep;102 Suppl 3:45-50 [7843136] Annu Rev Biochem. 1994;63:915-48 [7979257] Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 May 25;22(10):1866-73 [7516064] Mutat Res. 1992 Dec;298(2):97-103 [1282217] Carcinogenesis. 1997 Sep;18(9):1785-91 [9328176] EMBO J. 1997 Nov 3;16(21):6548-58 [9351835] Cancer Causes Control. 1997 May;8(3):371-85 [9498900] Nucleic Acids Res. 1998 Jun 1;26(11):2771-8 [9592167] Mutat Res. 1998 Oct 21;409(1):17-29 [9806499] Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1999;39:267-94 [10331085] Oncogene. 1999 Jun 17;18(24):3617-25 [10380883] J Biol Chem. 1995 Jul 7;270(27):16002-7 [7608159] J Biol Chem. 1999 Oct 29;274(44):31663-70 [10531375] Nature. 2000 Jan 27;403(6768):451-6 [10667800] Mutat Res. 2000 Aug 30;460(3-4):211-29 [10946230] Carcinogenesis. 2000 Nov;21(11):2097-104 [11062174] Microsc Res Tech. 2001 Jan 1;52(1):89-103 [11135452] J Mol Biol. 2001 Apr 6;307(4):1023-34 [11286553] Nature. 2001 May 17;411(6835):366-74 [11357144] Cancer Res. 2001 Jul 15;61(14):5552-7 [11454706] Mutat Res. 2001 May 10;485(4):283-307 [11585362] Nature. 2002 Feb 7;415(6872):655-9 [11832948] J Mol Biol. 2002 Feb 22;316(3):853-66 [11866537] Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 May 15;32(10):958-67 [12008111] Biol Chem. 2002 Mar-Apr;383(3-4):489-502 [12033438] Toxicol Lett. 2002 Feb 28;127(1-3):47-54 [12052640] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Oct;110 Suppl 5:797-9 [12426134] Cancer Biol Ther. 2002 Sep-Oct;1(5):477-85 [12496472] DNA Repair (Amst). 2002 Aug 6;1(8):661-70 [12509288] Int J Cancer. 2003 Mar 10;104(1):1-6 [12532412] Cancer Res. 2003 Feb 1;63(3):549-54 [12566294] J Mol Biol. 2003 May 30;329(2):311-22 [12758078] Nat Genet. 2003 Jul;34(3):326-9 [12796780] Lancet Neurol. 2003 Apr;2(4):246-53 [12849213] J Mol Biol. 2003 Jul 25;330(5):1027-37 [12860125] Mutat Res. 2003 Aug 28;529(1-2):109-16 [12943924] Toxicology. 2003 Nov 5;192(2-3):95-117 [14580780] Mutat Res. 2003 Dec 10;533(1-2):107-20 [14643415] Mutat Res. 2003 Dec 10;533(1-2):121-33 [14643416] Mutat Res. 2003 Dec 10;533(1-2):153-71 [14643418] Mol Toxicol. 1989 Jul-Sep;2(3):151-62 [2487754] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Dec 15;88(24):11450-4 [1722334] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rapid, specific detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in pooled eggs by real-time PCR. AN - 71945666; 15151219 AB - An assay was developed for the specific detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in eggs with the use of an application of the fluorogenic 5' nuclease assay (TaqMan). In this assay, a segment of the gene sefA specific to Salmonella group D strains such as Salmonella Enteritidis was used. The amplification of the target gene products was monitored in real-time by incorporating a fluorescent dye-labeled gene-specific probe in the PCR reaction. This method correctly detected and distinguished Salmonella Enteritidis from nearly 50 of non-group D Salmonella and other non-Salmonella strains. Detection of the sefA gene was linear for DNA extracted from approximately 10(2) to 10(9) CFU/ml in phosphate-buffered saline and 10(3) to 10(8) CFU/ml in raw egg. In two trials, when applied to detection of Salmonella Enteritidis in homogenized egg pools and compared with conventional culture methods, the newly developed PCR method yielded a 100% correlation with results obtained by a conventional culture method. However, the PCR method required only 2 days, compared to the 5 days required by the culture method. The sensitivity of this assay was approximately less than 1 CFU/600 g of egg pool. The real-time PCR assay proved to be a rapid, highly sensitive test for detection and quantification of low concentrations of Salmonella Enteritidis in egg samples. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Seo, K H AU - Valentin-Bon, I E AU - Brackett, R E AU - Holt, P S AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, CFSAN/OPDFB, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA. kseo@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 864 EP - 869 VL - 67 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - 0 KW - sefA protein, Salmonella enteritidis KW - Fimbriae Proteins KW - 147680-16-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Food Microbiology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Time Factors KW - Gene Amplification KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71945666?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Rapid%2C+specific+detection+of+Salmonella+Enteritidis+in+pooled+eggs+by+real-time+PCR.&rft.au=Seo%2C+K+H%3BValentin-Bon%2C+I+E%3BBrackett%2C+R+E%3BHolt%2C+P+S&rft.aulast=Seo&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=864&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Erratum In: J Food Prot. 2004 Oct;67(10):following table of contents N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Discriminant function analyses of liver-specific carcinogens. AN - 71935131; 15154779 AB - The ability to predict organ-specific carcinogenicity would aid FDA reviewers in evaluating new chemical applications. A NCTR liver cancer database (NCTRlcdb) containing 999 compounds has been developed with three sets of descriptors. The NCTRlcdb has Cerius2, Molconn-Z, and (13)C NMR descriptors for each compound. Each compound in the database was assigned a liver cancer or a nonliver cancer classification. Compounds within the NCTRlcdb were evaluated for liver-specific carcinogenicity using partial least squares principal component discriminant function (PLS-DF) modeling. PLS-DF models based on estimated a priori classification probabilities of 0.29 for liver cancer and 0.71 for noncancer yielded an overall predictability of 70.6% which was comprised of a liver cancer sensitivity of 18.8% and a noncancer specificity of 90.8%. PLS-DF models based on equal a priori classification probabilities, 0.50 for liver cancer and 0.5 for noncancer, yielded an overall predictability of 61.0% which was comprised of a liver cancer sensitivity of 50.5% and a noncancer specificity of 65.3%. JF - Journal of chemical information and computer sciences AU - Beger, Richard D AU - Young, John F AU - Fang, Hong AD - Division of Chemistry, Food & Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. rbeger@nctr.fda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 1107 EP - 1110 VL - 44 IS - 3 SN - 0095-2338, 0095-2338 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Discriminant Analysis KW - Humans KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71935131?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chemical+information+and+computer+sciences&rft.atitle=Discriminant+function+analyses+of+liver-specific+carcinogens.&rft.au=Beger%2C+Richard+D%3BYoung%2C+John+F%3BFang%2C+Hong&rft.aulast=Beger&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chemical+information+and+computer+sciences&rft.issn=00952338&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory toxicology perspectives on the development of botanical drug products in the United States. AN - 71916686; 15133537 AB - Toxicological studies constitute an essential part of the effort in developing a botanical supplement into a drug product. The US Food and Drug Administration recently published a draft guidance and established a special botanical review team to assist academic and industry sponsors to manage this and other regulatory considerations related to this unique group of drug products. In this article, the current state of regulatory viewpoints on issues related to requirements and recommendations of various types of nonclinical toxicity studies in support of advanced phases clinical trials and filing a New Drug Application of a botanical are discussed. Topics include nonclinical pharmacology/toxicology view of previous human experience and initial clinical trial, regulatory perspectives on acute toxicity studies, chronic toxicity studies, mutagenicity studies, reproductive toxicity studies, and carcinogenicity studies on botanicals. Certain regulatory review-related issues are also presented. It is anticipated that through a proactive 2-way communication between the Agency and the sponsor, toxicological development of botanical drug product can be significantly facilitated. JF - American journal of therapeutics AU - Wu, Kuei-Meng AU - Farrelly, James AU - Birnkrant, Debra AU - Chen, Shaw AU - Dou, Jinhui AU - Atrakchi, Aisar AU - Bigger, Anita AU - Chen, Conrad AU - Chen, Zhou AU - Freed, Lois AU - Ghantous, Hanan AU - Goheer, Anwar AU - Hausner, Elizabeth AU - Osterberg, Robert AU - Rhee, Herman AU - Zhang, Ke AD - The Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. wuk@cder.fda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 213 EP - 217 VL - 11 IS - 3 SN - 1075-2765, 1075-2765 KW - Drugs, Investigational KW - 0 KW - Plant Preparations KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Plant Preparations -- adverse effects KW - Drugs, Investigational -- adverse effects KW - Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71916686?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Regulatory+toxicology+perspectives+on+the+development+of+botanical+drug+products+in+the+United+States.&rft.au=Wu%2C+Kuei-Meng%3BFarrelly%2C+James%3BBirnkrant%2C+Debra%3BChen%2C+Shaw%3BDou%2C+Jinhui%3BAtrakchi%2C+Aisar%3BBigger%2C+Anita%3BChen%2C+Conrad%3BChen%2C+Zhou%3BFreed%2C+Lois%3BGhantous%2C+Hanan%3BGoheer%2C+Anwar%3BHausner%2C+Elizabeth%3BOsterberg%2C+Robert%3BRhee%2C+Herman%3BZhang%2C+Ke&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=Kuei-Meng&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+therapeutics&rft.issn=10752765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunomodulatory effect of endotoxin on the development of latex allergy. AN - 71916014; 15131575 AB - Although numerous studies have been conducted delineating the clinical manifestations of latex allergy and characterizing the protein allergens, little is known regarding the natural history of the disease. These studies were undertaken to investigate the immunomodulatory role of inhaled endotoxin on the development of latex-specific IgE-mediated responses to natural rubber latex (NRL) proteins by using a mouse model. Female BALB/c mice were exposed to 25 microg of NRL proteins with or without increasing concentrations of endotoxin (50-25,000 EU) through the respiratory tract. Serum antibody levels were evaluated biweekly during the study. After sensitization, mice were challenged with methacholine or NRL proteins, and airway hyperreactivity (AHR) was evaluated with whole-body plethysmography. After NRL challenge, lungs were excised for histopathology, and lung-associated lymph nodes were removed for cytokine mRNA evaluation. When compared with mice exposed to latex alone, mice exposed to latex and endotoxin demonstrated up to 50% lower levels of latex-specific IgE and decreased latex-specific AHR and mucin production. Conversely, these same animals demonstrated increased levels of latex-specific serum IgG2a and IgA antibodies and an increase in IFN-gamma and IL-12 mRNA levels in the draining lymph node cells. Concurrent exposure to LPS with nonammoniated latex resulted in increased alveolitis and nonspecific AHR on respiratory challenge with methacholine. Coexposure with LPS and allergen decreased latex-specific IgE but augmented nonspecific AHR. These studies demonstrate that endotoxin associated with NRL gloves can modulate the development of allergic responses to NRL proteins. JF - The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology AU - Howell, Michael D AU - Tomazic, Vesna J AU - Leakakos, Tina AU - Truscott, Wava AU - Meade, B Jean AD - Agriculture and Immunotoxicology Group, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 916 EP - 924 VL - 113 IS - 5 SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - Endotoxins KW - Latex KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Interleukin-12 KW - 187348-17-0 KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Rubber KW - 9006-04-6 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Th1 Cells -- immunology KW - Animals KW - Cytokines -- genetics KW - Interferon-gamma -- genetics KW - Latex -- immunology KW - Immunoglobulin E -- blood KW - Rubber -- toxicity KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Lung -- pathology KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Down-Regulation KW - Latex -- toxicity KW - Up-Regulation KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Interleukin-12 -- genetics KW - Female KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- etiology KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- toxicity KW - Adjuvants, Immunologic -- administration & dosage KW - Endotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- genetics KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- immunology KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- pathology KW - Endotoxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71916014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.atitle=Immunomodulatory+effect+of+endotoxin+on+the+development+of+latex+allergy.&rft.au=Howell%2C+Michael+D%3BTomazic%2C+Vesna+J%3BLeakakos%2C+Tina%3BTruscott%2C+Wava%3BMeade%2C+B+Jean&rft.aulast=Howell&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=916&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid receptors in toxic sequelae of exposure to bacterial and viral products. AN - 71915678; 15128270 AB - The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is activated during many bacterial and viral infections, resulting in an increase in circulating glucocorticoid levels. This HPA axis activation and glucocorticoid response are critical for the survival of the host, as demonstrated by the fact that removal of the HPA axis (by adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy) or glucocorticoid receptor (GR) blockade enhances the severity of the infection and in some cases enhances the mortality rate. Replacement with a synthetic glucocorticoid reverses these effects by reducing the severity of the infection and provides protection against lethal effects. In addition, some bacteria and viral infections have been shown to affect the GR directly. These have been described and the implications of such an effect discussed. JF - The Journal of endocrinology AU - Webster, Jeanette I AU - Sternberg, Esther M AD - Section on Neuroendocrine Immunology and Behavior, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 207 EP - 221 VL - 181 IS - 2 SN - 0022-0795, 0022-0795 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Cytokines KW - Glucocorticoids KW - Receptors, Glucocorticoid KW - Viral Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Cytokines -- immunology KW - Bacterial Proteins -- metabolism KW - Viral Proteins -- metabolism KW - Shock, Septic -- physiopathology KW - Shock, Septic -- metabolism KW - Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System -- physiology KW - Glucocorticoids -- metabolism KW - Virus Diseases -- immunology KW - Bacterial Infections -- physiopathology KW - Virus Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Bacterial Infections -- immunology KW - Receptors, Glucocorticoid -- metabolism KW - Pituitary-Adrenal System -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71915678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+endocrinology&rft.atitle=Role+of+the+hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal+axis%2C+glucocorticoids+and+glucocorticoid+receptors+in+toxic+sequelae+of+exposure+to+bacterial+and+viral+products.&rft.au=Webster%2C+Jeanette+I%3BSternberg%2C+Esther+M&rft.aulast=Webster&rft.aufirst=Jeanette&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=181&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+endocrinology&rft.issn=00220795&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simultaneous analysis of multiple staphylococcal enterotoxin genes by an oligonucleotide microarray assay. AN - 71912574; 15131181 AB - Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are a family of 17 major serological types of heat-stable enterotoxins that are one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis resulting from consumption of contaminated food. SEs are considered potential bioweapons. Many Staphylococcus aureus isolates contain multiple SEs. Because of the large number of SEs, serological typing and PCR typing are laborious and time-consuming. Furthermore, serological typing may not always be practical because of antigenic similarities among enterotoxins. We report on a microarray-based one-tube assay for the simultaneous detection and identification (genetic typing) of multiple enterotoxin (ent) genes. The proposed typing method is based on PCR amplification of the target region of the ent genes with degenerate primers, followed by characterization of the PCR products by microchip hybridization with oligonucleotide probes specific for each ent gene. We verified the performance of this method by using several other techniques, including PCR amplification with gene-specific primers, followed by gel electrophoresis or microarray hybridization, and sequencing of the enterotoxin genes. The assay was evaluated by analysis of previously characterized staphylococcal isolates containing 16 ent genes. The microarray assay revealed that some of these isolates contained additional previously undetected ent genes. The use of degenerate primers allows the simultaneous amplification and identification of as many as nine different ent genes in one S. aureus strain. The results of this study demonstrate the usefulness of the oligonucleotide microarray assay for the analysis of multitoxigenic strains, which are common among S. aureus strains, and for the analysis of microbial pathogens in general. JF - Journal of clinical microbiology AU - Sergeev, Nikolay AU - Volokhov, Dmitriy AU - Chizhikov, Vladimir AU - Rasooly, Avraham AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 2134 EP - 2143 VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Enterotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - Food Microbiology KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis KW - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Humans KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Staphylococcal Food Poisoning -- microbiology KW - Genes, Bacterial KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- genetics KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- pathogenicity KW - Enterotoxins -- genetics KW - Enterotoxins -- classification KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71912574?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+microbiology&rft.atitle=Simultaneous+analysis+of+multiple+staphylococcal+enterotoxin+genes+by+an+oligonucleotide+microarray+assay.&rft.au=Sergeev%2C+Nikolay%3BVolokhov%2C+Dmitriy%3BChizhikov%2C+Vladimir%3BRasooly%2C+Avraham&rft.aulast=Sergeev&rft.aufirst=Nikolay&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=2134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY518772; GENBANK; AY518389; AY518386; AY518388; AY518387 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Biol Chem. 2002 Apr 12;277(15):13138-47 [11821418] Allergy. 2000 Jun;55(6):551-5 [10858986] J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Dec;40(12):4720-8 [12454178] Infect Immun. 2003 Jan;71(1):567-70 [12496213] J Infect Dis. 2003 Jan 1;187(1):77-86 [12508149] Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003 May;22(5):306-9 [12743832] J Food Prot. 2003 Jun;66(6):1055-62 [12801009] J Appl Microbiol. 2003;95(4):787-98 [12969293] Infect Immun. 1978 Aug;21(2):387-91 [689729] Infect Immun. 1980 Feb;27(2):431-4 [7380538] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Aug;81(16):5179-83 [6089183] Public Health Rep. 1988 Mar-Apr;103(2):107-15 [3128825] Clin Microbiol Rev. 1988 Oct;1(4):377-98 [3069199] Infect Immun. 1990 Aug;58(8):2409-13 [2196226] J Clin Microbiol. 1991 Mar;29(3):426-30 [2037659] Annu Rev Immunol. 1991;9:745-72 [1832875] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Oct 1;88(19):8534-8 [1656449] Int J Food Microbiol. 2000 Oct 1;61(1):1-10 [11028954] J Bacteriol. 2001 Jan;183(1):63-70 [11114901] J Immunol. 2001 Jan 1;166(1):669-77 [11123352] Lancet. 2001 Apr 21;357(9264):1225-40 [11418146] Infect Immun. 2002 Feb;70(2):631-41 [11796592] J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Mar;40(3):857-62 [11880405] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Dec 1;88(23):10921-5 [1660155] Int J Food Microbiol. 1991 Oct;14(1):19-25 [1742169] Nucleic Acids Res. 1994 Nov 11;22(22):4673-80 [7984417] Zentralbl Bakteriol. 1995 Jan;282(1):1-6 [7734822] MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1996 Oct 25;45(5):1-66 [8890258] World Health Stat Q. 1997;50(1-2):51-6 [9282386] J Med Microbiol. 1998 Apr;47(4):335-40 [9569000] J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Sep;36(9):2548-53 [9705390] Mol Microbiol. 1998 Jul;29(2):527-43 [9720870] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1998 Nov 15;168(2):227-33 [9835033] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1999 Jan;103(1 Pt 1):119-24 [9893195] Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1999 Feb-Apr;118(2-4):240-1 [10224396] J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Oct;37(10):3411-4 [10488222] J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Mar;38(3):1032-5 [10698991] J Lab Clin Med. 2000 Mar;135(3):225-30 [10711860] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Apr;66(4):1347-53 [10742210] Lancet. 2002 May 25;359(9320):1819-27 [12044378] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Local anesthetic infusion pump systems adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration. AN - 71883909; 15114230 JF - Anesthesiology AU - Brown, S Lori AU - Morrison, Audrey E AD - Division of Postmarket Surveillance, Office of Surveillance and Biometrics, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. syb@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 1305 EP - 1307 VL - 100 IS - 5 SN - 0003-3022, 0003-3022 KW - Anesthetics, Local KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- statistics & numerical data KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - United States Food and Drug Administration -- statistics & numerical data KW - Infusion Pumps -- statistics & numerical data KW - Anesthetics, Local -- adverse effects KW - Infusion Pumps -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71883909?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anesthesiology&rft.atitle=Local+anesthetic+infusion+pump+systems+adverse+events+reported+to+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration.&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+Lori%3BMorrison%2C+Audrey+E&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Anesthesiology&rft.issn=00033022&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mineralization of erythromycin A in aquaculture sediments. AN - 71875934; 15109736 AB - Mineralization of erythromycin A was studied using two differently (14)C-labeled erythromycins A, which were added to aquaculture sediment samples obtained from the two salmon hatchery sites in Washington state. The added erythromycin A did not significantly alter the numbers of the total viable colonies and erythromycin-resistant bacteria. Erythromycin-resistant Pseudomonas species contained a constitutive erythromycin esterase activity contributing to the inactivation of biologically active erythromycin A in aquatic and sediment environments. The initial rate of mineralization of erythromycin A appeared to be governed by the rate of release of soil-sorbed erythromycin A. After a prolonged lag time, the S-curves of erythromycin A mineralization were observed probably because of the increase in the population density metabolizing it. This study suggests that erythromycin A is partially or completely mineralized by the sediment microbial populations. JF - FEMS microbiology letters AU - Kim, Yong-Hak AU - Pak, Kyungran AU - Pothuluri, Jairaj V AU - Cerniglia, Carl E AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/05/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 01 SP - 169 EP - 175 VL - 234 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Carbon Radioisotopes KW - Erythromycin KW - 63937KV33D KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases KW - EC 3.1.1.- KW - erythromycin esterase KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases -- metabolism KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- metabolism KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Fresh Water -- microbiology KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Aquaculture KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- chemistry KW - Carbon Radioisotopes -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Pseudomonas -- drug effects KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Pseudomonas -- growth & development KW - Pseudomonas -- metabolism KW - Pseudomonas -- isolation & purification KW - Erythromycin -- chemistry KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Geologic Sediments -- microbiology KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- metabolism KW - Erythromycin -- metabolism KW - Erythromycin -- pharmacology KW - Water Microbiology KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- isolation & purification KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71875934?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.atitle=Mineralization+of+erythromycin+A+in+aquaculture+sediments.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Yong-Hak%3BPak%2C+Kyungran%3BPothuluri%2C+Jairaj+V%3BCerniglia%2C+Carl+E&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Yong-Hak&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=234&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+microbiology+letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Macrophages release tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12 in response to intracellular Bacillus anthracis spores. AN - 71858100; 15102824 AB - Herein we report that infection of a murine macrophage cell line with Bacillus anthracis results in the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-12 (IL-12). When infected with B. anthracis spores in combination with lipopolysaccharide, macrophages release increased amounts of IL-12. We found no evidence of inhibition of cytokine responses in macrophages infected with B. anthracis spores. JF - Infection and immunity AU - Pickering, Alison K AU - Merkel, Tod J AD - Laboratory of Respiratory and Special Pathogens, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 3069 EP - 3072 VL - 72 IS - 5 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - 0 KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Interleukin-12 KW - 187348-17-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Anthrax -- etiology KW - Animals KW - Anthrax -- immunology KW - Spores, Bacterial -- pathogenicity KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- toxicity KW - Spores, Bacterial -- immunology KW - Mice KW - Cell Line KW - Bacillus anthracis -- growth & development KW - Macrophages -- microbiology KW - Macrophages -- immunology KW - Interleukin-12 -- biosynthesis KW - Bacillus anthracis -- pathogenicity KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- biosynthesis KW - Bacillus anthracis -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71858100?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+immunity&rft.atitle=Macrophages+release+tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha+and+interleukin-12+in+response+to+intracellular+Bacillus+anthracis+spores.&rft.au=Pickering%2C+Alison+K%3BMerkel%2C+Tod+J&rft.aulast=Pickering&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=3069&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Clin Invest. 2003 Sep;112(5):670-82 [12952916] Nature. 2003 Jul 17;424(6946):329-34 [12867985] J Infect Dis. 1966 Apr;116(2):123-38 [4956203] J Infect Dis. 1966 Oct;116(4):401-13 [4162853] Arch Environ Health. 1969 May;18(5):798-805 [4976545] Mol Biol Cell. 1992 Nov;3(11):1269-77 [1457831] J Infect Dis. 1993 May;167(5):1239-43 [8486963] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Nov 1;90(21):10198-201 [8234277] Lab Invest. 1995 Nov;73(5):691-702 [7474943] Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1998 Nov;122(11):982-92 [9822127] Mol Microbiol. 1999 Jan;31(1):9-17 [9987105] Mol Microbiol. 1999 Jul;33(2):407-14 [10411756] FEBS Lett. 1999 Nov 26;462(1-2):199-204 [10580119] Infect Immun. 2001 Feb;69(2):1175-7 [11160016] Cell Microbiol. 2000 Dec;2(6):453-63 [11207600] Annu Rev Microbiol. 2001;55:647-71 [11544370] Mol Microbiol. 2001 Nov;42(4):931-8 [11737637] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Mar 22;292(1):41-4 [11890668] Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2002;271:1-19 [12224519] Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2002;271:61-85 [12224524] Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2002;271:87-113 [12224525] Infect Immun. 2002 Oct;70(10):5870-2 [12228320] J Infect Dis. 1965 Dec;115(5):481-94 [4954350] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Recommendations for the nonclinical development of topical microbicides for prevention of HIV transmission: an update. AN - 71841602; 15097296 AB - The development of methods to prevent HIV infection is critical to curbing the rising epidemic. Topical microbicides represent a potential new strategy for reduction of HIV transmission. The purpose of this article is to update and expand upon the nonclinical recommendations of a previously published document on the development of microbicides prepared by the International Working Group on Microbicides. The nonclinical studies discussed here represent general concepts and regulatory considerations that are pertinent to the development of topical microbicides for prevention or reduction of HIV transmission. Essential early steps in product development include the determination of antiviral activity, cytotoxicity, mechanism of action, pathways to resistance, and cross-resistance to approved drugs. Other parameters to consider include activity against vaginal microflora and pathogens that cause sexually transmitted diseases. Before and during clinical trials, nonclinical data on toxicology and pharmacokinetics should be obtained. Finally, product quality issues, including microbicide formulation characteristics, interaction with other products, and stability, should be addressed. JF - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) AU - Lard-Whiteford, Sheryl L AU - Matecka, Dorota AU - O'Rear, Julian J AU - Yuen, Ita S AU - Litterst, Charles AU - Reichelderfer, Patricia AU - International Working Group on Microbicides AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, 20857, USA. ; International Working Group on Microbicides Y1 - 2004/05/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 01 SP - 541 EP - 552 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 1525-4135, 1525-4135 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Administration, Intravaginal KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical -- methods KW - Drug Design KW - Female KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- toxicity KW - HIV Infections -- transmission KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - HIV Infections -- prevention & control KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71841602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.atitle=Recommendations+for+the+nonclinical+development+of+topical+microbicides+for+prevention+of+HIV+transmission%3A+an+update.&rft.au=Lard-Whiteford%2C+Sheryl+L%3BMatecka%2C+Dorota%3BO%27Rear%2C+Julian+J%3BYuen%2C+Ita+S%3BLitterst%2C+Charles%3BReichelderfer%2C+Patricia%3BInternational+Working+Group+on+Microbicides&rft.aulast=Lard-Whiteford&rft.aufirst=Sheryl&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=541&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+acquired+immune+deficiency+syndromes+%281999%29&rft.issn=15254135&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-09-02 N1 - Date created - 2005-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mutagenesis of tyrosine 24 in the VPg protein is lethal for feline calicivirus. AN - 71814243; 15078978 AB - The genome of feline calicivirus (FCV) is an approximately 7.7-kb single-stranded positive-sense RNA molecule that is polyadenylated at its 3' end and covalently linked to a VPg protein (calculated mass, 12.6 kDa) at its 5' end. We performed a mutational analysis of the VPg protein in order to identify amino acids potentially involved in linkage to the genome and replication. The tyrosine residues at positions 12, 24, 76, and 104 were changed to alanines by mutagenesis of an infectious FCV cDNA clone. Viruses were recovered when Tyr-12, Tyr-76, or Tyr-104 of the VPg protein was changed to alanine, but virus was not recovered when Tyr-24 was changed to alanine. Growth properties of the recovered viruses were similar to those of the parental virus. We examined whether the amino acids serine, threonine, and phenylalanine could substitute for the tyrosine at position 24, but these mutations were lethal as well. A tyrosine at this relative position is conserved among all calicivirus VPg proteins examined thus far, suggesting that the VPg protein of caliciviruses, like those of picornaviruses and potyviruses, utilizes tyrosine in the formation of a covalent bond with RNA. JF - Journal of virology AU - Mitra, Tanaji AU - Sosnovtsev, Stanislav V AU - Green, Kim Y AD - Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 4931 EP - 4935 VL - 78 IS - 9 SN - 0022-538X, 0022-538X KW - Viral Proteins KW - 0 KW - Tyrosine KW - 42HK56048U KW - Index Medicus KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - Viral Plaque Assay KW - Reticulocytes -- virology KW - Cats KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Rabbits KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Cell Line KW - Virus Replication KW - Viral Proteins -- genetics KW - Calicivirus, Feline -- physiology KW - Calicivirus, Feline -- pathogenicity KW - Calicivirus, Feline -- genetics KW - Viral Proteins -- chemistry KW - Point Mutation KW - Viral Proteins -- metabolism KW - Tyrosine -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71814243?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+virology&rft.atitle=Mutagenesis+of+tyrosine+24+in+the+VPg+protein+is+lethal+for+feline+calicivirus.&rft.au=Mitra%2C+Tanaji%3BSosnovtsev%2C+Stanislav+V%3BGreen%2C+Kim+Y&rft.aulast=Mitra&rft.aufirst=Tanaji&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4931&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+virology&rft.issn=0022538X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Virology. 2000 Nov 10;277(1):193-203 [11062050] J Virol. 1999 Aug;73(8):6626-33 [10400760] Virology. 2001 Nov 10;290(1):21-9 [11883002] J Virol. 2002 Jun;76(12):6398-407 [12021375] J Virol. 2002 Jul;76(14):7060-72 [12072506] Curr Biol. 2002 Jun 25;12(12):1046-51 [12123581] J Virol. 2002 Sep;76(17):8582-95 [12163578] EMBO J. 2003 Jun 2;22(11):2852-9 [12773399] Vet Clin North Am. 1976 Aug;6(3):399-413 [183336] J Gen Virol. 1978 Jun;39(3):537-40 [660166] J Biol Chem. 1978 Aug 10;253(15):5263-6 [209034] J Gen Virol. 1978 Nov;41(2):443-6 [569187] J Virol. 1988 Nov;62(11):4207-15 [2845132] J Virol. 1990 Jun;64(6):2967-75 [2159557] J Virol. 1991 Jan;65(1):511-3 [1702164] Arch Virol. 1992;122(3-4):223-35 [1731695] Virology. 1992 Sep;190(1):443-8 [1529544] Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1993;28(5):375-430 [8269709] Annu Rev Genet. 1993;27:353-436 [8122908] Virology. 1995 Jul 10;210(2):383-90 [7618275] J Virol. 1995 Nov;69(11):7159-68 [7474137] J Gen Virol. 1996 Jan;77 ( Pt 1):123-7 [8558120] Virology. 1996 Jun 15;220(2):535-8 [8661407] J Gen Virol. 1997 May;78 ( Pt 5):1033-40 [9152420] J Virol. 1997 Nov;71(11):8624-31 [9343220] J Virol. 1998 Apr;72(4):3051-9 [9525628] Nature. 1998 May 21;393(6682):280-4 [9607767] J Gen Virol. 1998 Aug;79 ( Pt 8):2043-9 [9714256] Arch Virol. 1998;143(12):2421-30 [9930197] J Gen Virol. 1999 Feb;80 ( Pt 2):291-6 [10073687] J Biol Chem. 2001 Jul 27;276(30):27787-92 [11369764] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summary health statistics for the U.S. population: National Health Interview Survey, 2002. AN - 67274774; 15791772 AB - This report presents both age-adjusted and unadjusted health statistics from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States, classified by age, sex, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, family income, poverty status, education, place of residence, region of residence, and, where appropriate, health insurance coverage. The topics covered are health status and limitations in activities, special education or early intervention services, injuries and poisonings, health care access and utilization, and health insurance coverage. The NHIS is a household, multistage probability sample survey conducted annually by interviewers of the U.S. Census Bureau for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics. In 2002, household interviews were completed for 93,386 persons living in 36,161 households, reflecting a household response rate of 89.6%. Nearly 7 in 10 persons were in excellent or very good health in 2002. About 34 million persons (12%) were limited in their usual activities due to one or more chronic health conditions, and about 4 million persons (2%) required the help of another person with activities of daily living. About 6% of children received special education or early intervention services. Among persons under age 65 years, about 40 million (17%) did not have any health insurance coverage. The most common reason for lacking health insurance was cost, followed by a change in employment. JF - Vital and health statistics. Series 10, Data from the National Health Survey AU - Schiller, Jeannine S AU - Bernadel, Luther AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center of Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA. Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 1 EP - 101 IS - 220 SN - 0083-1972, 0083-1972 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Ethnic Groups KW - Poverty KW - Adult KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Insurance Coverage -- statistics & numerical data KW - Insurance, Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Health Surveys KW - Health Status KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Health Services Accessibility -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67274774?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vital+and+health+statistics.+Series+10%2C+Data+from+the+National+Health+Survey&rft.atitle=Summary+health+statistics+for+the+U.S.+population%3A+National+Health+Interview+Survey%2C+2002.&rft.au=Schiller%2C+Jeannine+S%3BBernadel%2C+Luther&rft.aulast=Schiller&rft.aufirst=Jeannine&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=220&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vital+and+health+statistics.+Series+10%2C+Data+from+the+National+Health+Survey&rft.issn=00831972&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-11 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A summary of the workshop applying biomarkers to occupational health practice. AN - 66690324; 15238345 JF - Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene AU - DeBord, D Gayle AU - Savage, Russell E AU - Drexler, Hans AU - Freeman, Caroline AU - Groopman, John AU - Jayjock, Michael AU - McDiarmid, Melissa AU - Morgan, Michael AU - Santella, Regina AU - Schulte, Paul AU - Talaska, Glenn AU - Tardiff, Robert AU - Viau, Claude AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - D57 EP - D60 VL - 1 IS - 5 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - Education KW - Humans KW - Occupational Health KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Biomarkers -- analysis KW - Hazardous Substances -- poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66690324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=A+summary+of+the+workshop+applying+biomarkers+to+occupational+health+practice.&rft.au=DeBord%2C+D+Gayle%3BSavage%2C+Russell+E%3BDrexler%2C+Hans%3BFreeman%2C+Caroline%3BGroopman%2C+John%3BJayjock%2C+Michael%3BMcDiarmid%2C+Melissa%3BMorgan%2C+Michael%3BSantella%2C+Regina%3BSchulte%2C+Paul%3BTalaska%2C+Glenn%3BTardiff%2C+Robert%3BViau%2C+Claude&rft.aulast=DeBord&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=D57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NTP technical report on the toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of Elmiron (Cas No. 37319-17-8) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (Gavage Studies). AN - 66641291; 15213766 AB - [structure--see text] Elmiron, a white powder, is the sodium salt of pentosan polysulfate, a semisynthetic sulfated polyanion composed of beta-D-xylopyranose residues with biological properties similar to heparin. Elmiron is used in the United States for the relief of urinary bladder pain associated with interstitial cystitis. Because of its stimulating effect on fibrinolysis, Elmiron has been used clinically in the treatment and prevention of thrombotic disorders. The United States Food and Drug Administration nominated Elmiron for toxicology and carcinogenicity testing by the National Toxicology Program because of its orphan drug status. Male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice received Elmiron, which met product specifications provided by the manufacturer, in deionized water by gavage for 2 weeks, 3 months, or 2 years. Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in Salmonella typhimurium, rat and mouse bone marrow cells, and mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes. 2-WEEK STUDY IN RATS: Groups of five male and five female rats were administered 0, 33, 111, 333, 1,000, or 3,000 mg Elmiron/kg body weight in deionized water by gavage, 5 days per week, for 16 days. Elmiron administration had no effect on survival or body weight gain. Activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly increased in 3,000 mg/kg rats. Liver weights of 3,000 mg/kg rats were significantly greater than those of the vehicle controls. Hepatocellular cytoplasmic vacuolization occurred in all 3,000 mg/kg females. 2-WEEK STUDY IN MICE: Groups of five male and five female mice were administered Elmiron in deionized water by gavage at doses of 0, 33, 111, 333, 1,000, or 3,000 mg/kg, 5 days per week, for 16 days. All mice survived to the end of the study. Mean body weight gains of male mice administered 333 mg/kg or greater were significantly greater than that of the vehicle control group. Liver weights of 1,000 and 3,000 mg/kg males were significantly increased. 3-MONTH STUDY IN RATS: Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats were administered Elmiron in deionized water by gavage at doses of 0, 63, 125, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg, 5 days per week, for 14 weeks. No deaths were attributed to administration of Elmiron. Mean body weights of 125 mg/kg males were less than those of vehicle controls and the mean body weights of all dosed groups of females were greater. Hematology results indicated that Elmiron, at the doses selected, induced a minimal erythron decrease and leukocyte and platelet count increases that may have been secondarily related to the inflammatory lesions observed in various tissues of rats. Liver and spleen weights of males administered 250 mg/kg or greater were significantly increased. Liver weights of all dosed groups of females, and kidney, lung, and spleen weights of 1,000 mg/kg females were significantly increased. Histiocytic cellular infiltration, chronic active inflammation, and ulcers of the rectum occurred in most 500 and 1,000 mg/kg rats. Administration of Elmiron was associated with the presence of vacuolated histiocytes in the mandibular and mesenteric lymph nodes, lung, kidney, and liver of male and female rats. Histochemical investigations of the vacuolated histiocytes indicated the presence of neutral and acidic mucins and lipid material within the vacuoles. Transmission electron microscopy identified these vacuoles as lysosomal structures that exhibited a variety of contents. 3-MONTH STUDY IN MICE: Groups of 10 male and 10 female mice were administered Elmiron in deionized water by gavage at doses of 0, 63, 125, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg, 5 days per week, for 14 weeks. One 250 mg/kg female mouse was sacrificed moribund on day 84; all other mice survived to the end of the study. Mean body weights of dosed groups were similar to those of the vehicle control groups. Hematology results indicated that Elmiron, at the doses selected, induced a minimal erythron decrease and leukocyte and platelet count increases that may have been secondarily related to the inflammatory lesions observed in various tissues of mice. in various tissues of mice. Liver weights of 500 mg/kg males and 1,000 mg/kg males and females, and spleen weights of 1,000 mg/kg males were significantly increased. Histiocytic cellular infiltration and chronic active inflammation of the rectum occurred in most 1,000 mg/kg mice. Administration of Elmiron was associated with the presence of vacuolated histiocytes in the mandibular and mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, and spleen of males and females. Histochemical investigations of the vacuolated histiocytes indicated the presence of neutral and acidic mucins within the vacuoles. Transmission electron microscopy identified these vacuoles as lysosomal structures that exhibited a variety of contents. 2-YEAR STUDY IN RATS: Groups of 50 males and 50 females were administered Elmiron in deionized water by gavage at doses of 0, 14, 42, or 126 mg/kg to males and 0, 28, 84, or 252 mg/kg to females, 5 days per week, for 104 or 105 weeks. Survival of all dosed groups of rats was similar to that of the vehicle control groups. Mean body weights of all dosed groups were similar to those of the vehicle controls throughout the 2-year study. Microscopically, myxomatous changes were present in the rectum of 56% of 126 mg/kg males and 83% of 252 mg/kg females. The incidences of chronic active focal alveolar inflammation of the lung were increased in all dosed groups. The incidences of histiocytic cellular infiltration of the mesenteric lymph nodes were increased in 42 and 126 mg/kg males and in 84 and 252 mg/kg females, and lymphohistiocytic hyperplasia was present in the spleen of 126 mg/kg males and 252 mg/kg females. 2-YEAR STUDY IN MICE: Groups of 50 males and 50 females were administered Elmiron in deionized water by gavage at doses of 0, 56, 168, or 504 mg/kg, 5 days per week, for 104 or 105 weeks. Survival of all dosed groups of mice was similar to that of the vehicle control groups. Mean body weights of males were similar to those of vehicle controls. Mean body weights of 504 mg/kg females were progressively less than those of the vehicle controls during the second year of the study. Increased incidences of hemangiosarcomas of the liver and hepatocellular neoplasms were observed in male and female mice. The incidences of hemangiosarcomas in the 504 mg/kg groups exceeded the historical control ranges for males and females; both the trend and the incidence in the 504 mg/kg groups were significant for males. Hemangiosarcomas in males and females were attributed to Elmiron administration. The incidence of hepatocellular adenoma in 504 mg/kg females was significantly increased and exceeded the historical control range; the trends for hepatocellular adenoma and for hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) were also significant in females and were attributed to Elmiron administration. There was also a marginal increase in the incidences of hepatocellular neoplasms in male mice, which may have been associated with Elmiron administration. Malignant lymphomas occurred with a positive trend in female mice; the incidence in the 504 mg/kg group was also significantly increased and matched the upper limit of the historical control range. These malignant lymphomas may have been associated with Elmiron administration. Nonneoplastic lesions related to the administration of Elmiron occurred in the liver, rectum, mesenteric lymph node, and spleen of 504 mg/kg mice and to a lesser extent in 168 mg/kg mice. These lesions were similar to those observed in the 3-month study. Elmiron was not mutagenic in S. typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100, or TA1535 with or without induced hamster or rat liver S9 enzymes. No increases in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes were seen in bone marrow cells of rats or mice administered Elmiron by gavage three times at 24-hour intervals. No significant alterations in the frequency of micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes were seen in peripheral blood samples from male or female mice administered Elmiron for 3 months by gavage. Under the conditions of these 2-year gavage studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of Elmiron in male F344/N rats administered 14, 42, or 126 mg/kg or in female F344/N rats administered 28, 84, or 252 mg/kg. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of Elmiron in male B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of liver hemangiosarcoma. The increased incidences of hepatocellular neoplasms in male mice may have been related to Elmiron administration. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of Elmiron in female B6C3F1 mice based on the increased incidences of liver hemangiosarcoma and hepatocellular neoplasms. The increased incidences of malignant lymphomas in female mice may have been related to Elmiron administration. Elmiron administration caused increased incidences of nonneoplastic lesions (presence of vacuolated histiocytes) of the rectum, lung, mesenteric lymph node, and spleen (males) in rats and of the liver, rectum, mesenteric lymph node, and spleen in mice. JF - National Toxicology Program technical report series AU - National Toxicology Program, Public Health Services, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, AD - National Toxicology Program, Public Health Services, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 7 EP - 289 IS - 512 SN - 0888-8051, 0888-8051 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester KW - 37300-21-3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Mice KW - Hemangiosarcoma -- chemically induced KW - Adenoma, Liver Cell -- chemically induced KW - Rats KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Liver Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Hemangiosarcoma -- pathology KW - Toxicity Tests, Chronic KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- pathology KW - Adenoma, Liver Cell -- pathology KW - Male KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- chemically induced KW - Female KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester -- administration & dosage KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester -- toxicity KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- administration & dosage KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66641291?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Toxicology+Program+technical+report+series&rft.atitle=NTP+technical+report+on+the+toxicology+and+carcinogenesis+studies+of+Elmiron+%28Cas+No.+37319-17-8%29+in+F344%2FN+rats+and+B6C3F1+mice+%28Gavage+Studies%29.&rft.au=National+Toxicology+Program%2C+Public+Health+Services%2C+National+Institutes+of+Health%2C+US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aulast=National+Toxicology+Program&rft.aufirst=Public+Health&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=512&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Toxicology+Program+technical+report+series&rft.issn=08888051&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NTP toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of triethanolamine (Cas No. 102-71-6) in B6C3F1 mice (dermal studies). AN - 66640813; 15213765 AB - [structure--see text] Triethanolamine is widely used in the manufacturing of household detergents and polishes, textiles, agricultural herbicides, mineral and vegetable oils, paraffin and waxes, pharmaceutical ointments, petroleum demulsifiers, synthetic resins, plasticizers, adhesives, and sealants. It is used as a chemical intermediate for anionic and nonionic surfactants, a vulcanization accelerator, a humectant and softening agent and in many other industrial applications. The National Cancer Institute nominated triethanolamine for study because of its widespread use in cosmetics and other consumer products, its high potential for worker exposure due to its many industrial uses, and its potential for conversion to the carcinogen N-nitrosodiethanolamine. Previous 3-month and 2-year studies of triethanolamine were conducted by the National Toxicology Program in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice; results from the 2-year rat study indicated equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity based on a marginal increase in the incidence of renal tubule adenoma (NTP, 1991). Interpretation of the results from the 2-year study in mice was complicated by Helicobacter hepaticus infection, prompting a repeat 2-year study in mice. Male and female B6C3F1 mice received triethanolamine (greater than 99% pure) by dermal application for 2 years; a study of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion was performed in additional mice. Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in Salmonella typhimurium, cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells, Drosophila melanogaster, and mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes. 2-YEAR STUDY: Groups of 50 male and 50 female mice received dermal applications of 0, 200, 630, or 2,000 mg/kg (males) and 0, 100, 300, or 1,000 mg/kg (females) triethanolamine in acetone, 5 days per week, for 104 (males) or 104 to 105 (females) weeks. Survival of all dosed groups was similar to that of the vehicle control groups. Body weights of 2,000 mg/kg males were less than those of the vehicle controls from weeks 17 to 37 and at the end of the study; body weights of dosed groups of females were similar to those of the vehicle controls throughout the study. Treatment-related clinical findings included skin irritation at the site of application, which increased with increasing dose and was more severe in males than in females. Gross lesions observed at necropsy included nodules and masses of the liver in dosed females. The incidences of hepatocellular adenoma and hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma (combined) were significantly increased in all dosed groups of females. The incidence of hemangiosarcoma of the liver in 630 mg/kg males was marginally increased. The incidences of eosinophilic focus in all dosed groups of mice were greater than those in the vehicle controls. Gross lesions observed at necropsy included visible crusts at the site of application in all dosed groups of mice. Treatment-related epidermal hyperplasia, suppurative inflammation, ulceration, and dermal chronic inflammation occurred at the site of application in most dosed groups of mice, and the incidences and severities of these lesions generally increased with increasing dose. Triethanolamine was not mutagenic in any of the in vitro or in vivo tests. It did not induce mutations in Salmonella typhimurium, and no induction of sister chromatid exchanges or chromosomal aberrations was noted in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to triethanolamine. These in vitro tests were all conducted with and without S9 metabolic activation. Triethanolamine did not induce sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in germ cells of adult male Drosophila melanogaster exposed by feeding or injection. No increase in the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes was observed in peripheral blood samples of male or female mice that received dermal applications of triethanolamine for 13 weeks. Under the conditions of this 2-year dermal study, there was equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity of triethanolamine in male B6C3F1 mice based on the occurrence of liver hemangiosarcoma. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity in female B6C3F1 mice based on increased incidences of hepatocellular adenoma. Exposure to triethanolamine by dermal application resulted in increased incidences of eosinophilic focus of the liver in males and females. Dosed mice developed treatment-related nonneoplastic lesions at the site of application. JF - National Toxicology Program technical report series AU - National Toxicology Program, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services AD - National Toxicology Program, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 5 EP - 163 IS - 518 SN - 0888-8051, 0888-8051 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Ethanolamines KW - triethanolamine KW - 9O3K93S3TK KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Administration, Cutaneous KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Hemangiosarcoma -- chemically induced KW - Mice KW - Adenoma, Liver Cell -- chemically induced KW - Rats KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Hemangiosarcoma -- pathology KW - Toxicity Tests, Chronic KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Adenoma, Liver Cell -- pathology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Liver Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Ethanolamines -- administration & dosage KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Ethanolamines -- toxicity KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology KW - Environmental Pollutants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66640813?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Toxicology+Program+technical+report+series&rft.atitle=NTP+toxicology+and+carcinogenesis+studies+of+triethanolamine+%28Cas+No.+102-71-6%29+in+B6C3F1+mice+%28dermal+studies%29.&rft.au=National+Toxicology+Program%2C+Public+Health+Service%2C+National+Institutes+of+Health%2C+US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aulast=National+Toxicology+Program&rft.aufirst=Public+Health&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=518&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=National+Toxicology+Program+technical+report+series&rft.issn=08888051&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Economic Costs of Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for Pregnant and Parenting Women and Their Children AN - 61515932; 200503415 AB - This paper provides basic information about the economic cost of substance abuse treatment provided in 39 demonstration projects funded by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, in the Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration, under its Residential Women & Children & Pregnant & Postpartum Women (RWC/PPW) programs. It integrates data assembled in two studies, a study of annual project implementation costs based on the CSAT-developed Substance Abuse Treatment Cost Analysis & Allocation Template (SATCAAT) & a cross-site study of other project & client characteristics. Findings indicate that the average economic cost of treating a woman & her infants & young children in this type of long-term residential program, in fiscal 1997 dollars, was $25,744. This cost had three components of roughly equal size: services for clients, services for clients' children, & housing. Clinical services were found to be highly front-loaded, being more intensive in the initial weeks of treatment than in later stabilization phases. Considerable project-to-project variation in average episode cost was observed, linked primarily to project differences in size/occupancy & in average client length of stay. 4 Tables, 1 Figure, 9 References. [Copyright 2004 Elsevier Ltd.] JF - Evaluation and Program Planning AU - Burgdorf, Kenneth AU - Layne, Mary AU - Roberts, Tracy AU - Miles, Dan AU - Herrell, James M AD - c/o Herrell -- Center Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 233 EP - 240 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0149-7189, 0149-7189 KW - Costs KW - Birth KW - Substance Abuse KW - Treatment Programs KW - Residential Institutions KW - Females KW - Pregnancy KW - article KW - 6129: addiction KW - 6143: child & family welfare UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61515932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evaluation+and+Program+Planning&rft.atitle=Economic+Costs+of+Residential+Substance+Abuse+Treatment+for+Pregnant+and+Parenting+Women+and+Their+Children&rft.au=Burgdorf%2C+Kenneth%3BLayne%2C+Mary%3BRoberts%2C+Tracy%3BMiles%2C+Dan%3BHerrell%2C+James+M&rft.aulast=Burgdorf&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Evaluation+and+Program+Planning&rft.issn=01497189&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.evalprogplan.2004.01.013 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 9 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - EPPLDO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Substance Abuse; Treatment Programs; Residential Institutions; Females; Pregnancy; Birth; Costs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2004.01.013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Birth Outcomes for Pregnant Women in Residential Substance Abuse Treatment AN - 61509983; 200503414 AB - This exploratory study investigates impacts of residential substance abuse treatment in reducing risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy outcomes for 739 women who delivered in treatment were compared to findings from previous research on outcomes for drug-using women, outcomes for clients' previous pregnancies, & national infant morbidity & mortality rates. Infants born during their mothers' treatment had substantially lower rates of mortality & morbidity than all comparison groups, including the general US population. The findings suggest that residential substance abuse treatment can substantially reduce risks of negative birth outcomes for pregnant women. 4 Tables, 39 References. [Copyright 2004 Elsevier Ltd.] JF - Evaluation and Program Planning AU - Burgdorf, Kenneth AU - Dowell, Kathleen AU - Chen, Xiaowu AU - Roberts, Tracy AU - Herrell, James M AD - c/o Herrell -- Center Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 199 EP - 204 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0149-7189, 0149-7189 KW - Birth KW - Treatment Programs KW - Residential Institutions KW - Females KW - Pregnancy KW - Drug Abuse KW - article KW - 6129: addiction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61509983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evaluation+and+Program+Planning&rft.atitle=Birth+Outcomes+for+Pregnant+Women+in+Residential+Substance+Abuse+Treatment&rft.au=Burgdorf%2C+Kenneth%3BDowell%2C+Kathleen%3BChen%2C+Xiaowu%3BRoberts%2C+Tracy%3BHerrell%2C+James+M&rft.aulast=Burgdorf&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=199&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Evaluation+and+Program+Planning&rft.issn=01497189&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.evalprogplan.2004.01.009 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 39 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - EPPLDO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Females; Drug Abuse; Treatment Programs; Residential Institutions; Pregnancy; Birth DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2004.01.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors Associated with Retention of Drug Abusing Women in Long-Term Residential Treatment AN - 61453576; 200503417 AB - This study examines factors associated with retention at 50 projects funded by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, in the Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration, under its Residential Women & Children & Pregnant & Postpartum Women (RWC/PPW) Demonstration Program. These programs provided long-term, intensive residential treatment for pregnant & parenting women & their children. Data for this study were collected from 3265 clients from 24 six-month & 26 twelve-month RWC/PPW projects, admitted to & discharged from treatment between January 1, 1995 & March 31, 2001. Results from an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model indicate that, for both 6- & 12-month projects, significant predictors of retention include: bringing children into treatment, age, & coercion (either through CJS or CPS actions). In six-month projects, longer LOS was also associated with frequency of client-counselor contact, as well as with pregnancy status. Taken together, these findings suggest that enabling parenting women to remain together with their children during residential treatment is an important key to achieving the extended period of stay needed to accomplish treatment objectives. 3 Tables, 2 Figures, 33 References. [Copyright 2004 Elsevier Ltd.] JF - Evaluation and Program Planning AU - Chen, Xiaowu AU - Burgdorf, Kenneth AU - Dowell, Kathleen AU - Roberts, Tracy AU - Porowski, Allan AU - Herrell, James M AD - c/o Herrell -- Center Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 205 EP - 212 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0149-7189, 0149-7189 KW - Substance Abuse KW - Treatment Programs KW - Mothers KW - Residential Institutions KW - Females KW - Parent Child Relations KW - Pregnancy KW - article KW - 6129: addiction UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61453576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evaluation+and+Program+Planning&rft.atitle=Factors+Associated+with+Retention+of+Drug+Abusing+Women+in+Long-Term+Residential+Treatment&rft.au=Chen%2C+Xiaowu%3BBurgdorf%2C+Kenneth%3BDowell%2C+Kathleen%3BRoberts%2C+Tracy%3BPorowski%2C+Allan%3BHerrell%2C+James+M&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Xiaowu&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Evaluation+and+Program+Planning&rft.issn=01497189&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.evalprogplan.2004.01.010 LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 33 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - EPPLDO N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Females; Substance Abuse; Pregnancy; Mothers; Treatment Programs; Residential Institutions; Parent Child Relations DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2004.01.010 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breast Implant Adverse Events during Mammography: Reports to the Food and Drug Administration AN - 18019148; 6070327 AB - To characterize reports of adverse events occurring during mammography to women with breast implants submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). We searched the adverse events database for any report on silicone gel breast implants or saline breast implants that included the word "mammography' or "mammogram" in the text. We also searched adverse event reports for mammographic equipment that included the term "breast implant" in the text. We retrieved 714 adverse event reports using this strategy. Sixty-six of these reports detailed an adverse event that occurred during mammography or described breast implant interference with mammography. The majority of these reports, 41 of 66 (62.1%), described breast implant rupture during mammography. Other adverse events reported included mammographic compression crushing implants, pain during mammography attributed to implants, inability to perform mammography because of capsular contracture or fear of implant rupture, and delayed detection of cancer attributed to implants. It is important that women considering breast implants be informed of these potential risks and that clinicians, radiologists, and mammographic technicians keep them in mind when imaging women with implants. JF - Journal of Women's Health AU - Brown, S L AU - Todd, J F AU - Luu, H-MD AD - Division of Postmarket Surveillance, Office of Surveillance and Biometrics, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 1350 Piccard Drive, HFZ 541, Rockville, MD 20850, USA, syb@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 371 EP - 378 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1540-9996, 1540-9996 KW - breast implants KW - mammography KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - pain KW - USA KW - Radiation KW - FDA KW - Side effects KW - R2 23020:Technological risks KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18019148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Women%27s+Health&rft.atitle=Breast+Implant+Adverse+Events+during+Mammography%3A+Reports+to+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.au=Brown%2C+S+L%3BTodd%2C+J+F%3BLuu%2C+H-MD&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=371&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Women%27s+Health&rft.issn=15409996&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Radiation; pain; Side effects; FDA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Production of an antifungal protein for control of Colletotrichum lagenarium by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MET0908 AN - 17999896; 5953757 AB - A plant pathogenic fungus, Colletotrichum lagenarium, causing watermelon anthracnose, was isolated from naturally infected leaves, stems, and fruits of watermelon. A bacterial strain, MET0908, showing a potent antifungal activity against C. lagenarium, was isolated from soil. An antifungal protein was purified by 30% ammonium sulfate saturation and concentrated using Centricon 10, DEAE-Sepharose super(TM) Fast Flow column and Sephacryl S-100 gel filtration chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified protein was estimated as 40 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The purified protein was stable at 80 degree C for 20 min and exhibited a broad spectrum of antifungal activity against various plant pathogenic fungi. Confocal microscopy image analysis and scanning electron microscopy showed that the protein acted on the cell wall of C. lagenarium. The purified antifungal protein exhibited beta -1,3-glucanase activity. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein was determined as Ser-Lys-Ile-x-Ile-Asn-Ile-Asn-Ile-x-Gln-Ala-Pro-Ala-Pro-x-Ala. A search of the sequence with NCBI BLAST showed no significant homology with any known proteins, suggesting that the purified protein may be novel. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Il Kim, P AU - Chung, K AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA, chungkc@chonnam.ac.kr Y1 - 2004/05/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 May 01 SP - 177 EP - 183 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 234 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Biological control KW - Scanning electron microscopy KW - Antifungal agents KW - Ion-exchange chromatography KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - Anthracnose KW - Colletotrichum lagenarium KW - Glucan endo-1,3- beta -D-glucosidase KW - Gel-filtration chromatography KW - Molecular weight KW - Proteins KW - Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KW - Cell walls KW - Amino acid sequence KW - A 01067:Antifungal & fungicidal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17999896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Production+of+an+antifungal+protein+for+control+of+Colletotrichum+lagenarium+by+Bacillus+amyloliquefaciens+MET0908&rft.au=Il+Kim%2C+P%3BChung%2C+K&rft.aulast=Il+Kim&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=234&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.femsle.2004.03.032 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Biological control; Scanning electron microscopy; Glucan endo-1,3- beta -D-glucosidase; Antifungal agents; Molecular weight; Gel-filtration chromatography; Ion-exchange chromatography; Proteins; Gel electrophoresis; Amino acid sequence; Cell walls; Anthracnose; Colletotrichum lagenarium; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.03.032 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing workplace chemical exposures: the role of exposure monitoring AN - 17998441; 5943060 AB - Occupational exposure is the condition of being subjected through employment to a chemical, physical, or biological agent, or to a specific process, practice, behavior, or organization of work. Exposure to a chemical agent is typically the contact of that agent with the outer boundary of a subject, such as the respiratory system, skin, or digestive system. In occupational hygiene we are most concerned with exposure through the respiratory system, although, increasingly we are concerned with the results of dermal exposures, including those exposures to the skin that can be transferred to the mouth and digestive system. This presentation will detail methods available for assessing personal exposures to chemicals through monitoring. The results from monitoring can then be compared to established guidelines and regulations, although this is not the only rationale for making measurements. These monitoring methods are currently used around the world to establish the benchmark hazard from which risk to the worker can be predicted. The presentation will describe the general techniques for assessing exposures to the respiratory system from chemical gases and vapors, chemical dusts, and exposures to the skin from bulk chemicals or chemical contamination of surfaces. For respiratory exposures, direct-reading instruments are available for spot measurements, and for monitoring short-term fluctuations in concentration. However, most standards and regulations are based on time-integrated (time-weighted average) exposures, requiring longer-term integrative methods. Therefore, the specific focus of this review will be the methods available for full work-shift sampling. For gases and vapors this will include taking whole-air samples in canisters or polymer bags, or concentration of chemicals by absorption in liquids or adsorption on solid sorbents, with subsequent chemical analysis. Chemical concentration can take place by pumping air through the sorbing media, or by allowing molecules to diffuse to the sorbent surface. Transfer of the collected chemicals to the analytical instrumentation can be accomplished using solvent displacement and injection, or through the application of heat to bring the collected molecules back into the vapor phase. For particles, the particle size is important as this determines the site of deposition in the lungs, and so time-integrated sampling on filters using various types of size-selective samplers is preferred. Finally, some techniques that have been used to assess the potential for chemical contamination of the skin are presented. Biomonitoring is another tool that can be used to assess exposure, and the results are more relevant to dosimetric considerations than exposure. Biomonitoring is a complex subject worthy of a separate review, and will be considered only briefly here. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Harper, M AD - Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd. MS-3030, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 404 EP - 412 VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Skin KW - Particulates KW - Vapors KW - Sorbents KW - Gases KW - Reviews KW - Chemical pollution KW - Digestive system KW - Occupational exposure KW - Respiratory system KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17998441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Assessing+workplace+chemical+exposures%3A+the+role+of+exposure+monitoring&rft.au=Harper%2C+M&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=404&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sorbents; Vapors; Gases; Skin; Reviews; Particulates; Chemical pollution; Digestive system; Occupational exposure; Respiratory system ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mitochondrial Mutagenesis and Oxidative Stress in Human Prostate Cancer AN - 17995993; 5960067 AB - Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in men in the United States, but the primary cause and the molecular events leading to prostate carcinogenesis are poorly understood. Using the approach of laser capture microdissection, we revealed extensive somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in prostatic neoplastic lesions. Inspection of the lesion associated mutations not only provided new insights into the genetics of prostate cancer, but also revealed new patterns of mtDNA mutation in prostate carcinogenesis. Further analysis on a high frequency of multiple mutational events observed in the same neoplastic lesion revealed an unusually rapid process in mitochondrial mutagenesis, suggesting a new process of mitochondrial hyper-mutagenesis in cancer cells, likely mediated by cellular oxidative stress. Thus, active mitochondrial mutagenesis in prostate cancer suggests a prominent role of increased cellular oxidative stress in neoplastic transformation and the increased susceptibility of neoplastic cells to oxidative damage. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C: Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Reviews AU - Chen, J Z AU - Kadlubar, F F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, jjchen@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - C22 IS - 1 SN - 1059-0501, 1059-0501 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Oxidative stress KW - Mitochondria KW - Prostate KW - Cancer KW - Mutagenesis KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17995993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+C%3A+Environmental+Carcinogenesis+and+Ecotoxicology+Reviews&rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+Mutagenesis+and+Oxidative+Stress+in+Human+Prostate+Cancer&rft.au=Chen%2C+J+Z%3BKadlubar%2C+F+F&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=C22&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+C%3A+Environmental+Carcinogenesis+and+Ecotoxicology+Reviews&rft.issn=10590501&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FGNC-120037931 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Oxidative stress; Mitochondria; Prostate; Cancer; Mutagenesis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/GNC-120037931 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An Industrial Hygiene Survey of an Office Building in the Vicinity of the World Trade Center: Assessment of Potential Hazards Following the Collapse of the World Trade Center Buildings AN - 17965153; 5916032 JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Hall, R M AU - Trout, D AU - Earnest, G S AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - D49 EP - D53 VL - 1 IS - 5 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - World Trade Center KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA, New York, New York KW - terrorism KW - Hazardous materials KW - Occupational health KW - Urban areas KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17965153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=An+Industrial+Hygiene+Survey+of+an+Office+Building+in+the+Vicinity+of+the+World+Trade+Center%3A+Assessment+of+Potential+Hazards+Following+the+Collapse+of+the+World+Trade+Center+Buildings&rft.au=Hall%2C+R+M%3BTrout%2C+D%3BEarnest%2C+G+S&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=D49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490438802 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, New York, New York; Urban areas; Hazardous materials; terrorism; Occupational health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490438802 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of Bacillus Spores Using PCR and FTA Filters AN - 17791063; 6036200 AB - Emphasis has been placed on developing and implementing rapid detection systems for microbial pathogens. We have explored the utility of expanding FTA filter technology for the preparation of template DNA for PCR from bacterial spores. Isolated spores from several Bacillus spp., B. subtilis, B. cereus, and B. megaterium, were applied to FTA filters, and specific DNA products were amplified by PCR. Spore preparations were examined microscopically to ensure that the presence of vegetative cells, if any, did not yield misleading results. PCR primers SRM86 and SRM87 targeted a conserved region of bacterial rRNA genes, whereas primers Bsub5F and Bsub3R amplified a product from a conserved sequence of the B. subtilis rRNA gene. With the use of the latter set of primers for nested PCR, the sensitivity of the PCR-based assay was increased. Overall, 53 spores could be detected after the first round of PCR, and the sensitivity was increased to five spores by nested PCR. FTA filters are an excellent platform to remove PCR inhibitors and have universal applications for environmental, clinical, and food samples. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Lampel, KA AU - Dyer, D AU - Kornegay, L AU - Orlandi, P A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 1036 EP - 1038 VL - 67 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Filters KW - rRNA KW - Bacillus cereus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Conserved sequence KW - Primers KW - Pathogens KW - Spores KW - Vegetative cells KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17791063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Detection+of+Bacillus+Spores+Using+PCR+and+FTA+Filters&rft.au=Lampel%2C+KA%3BDyer%2C+D%3BKornegay%2C+L%3BOrlandi%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Lampel&rft.aufirst=KA&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1036&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filters; rRNA; Conserved sequence; Polymerase chain reaction; Primers; Pathogens; Spores; Vegetative cells; Bacillus cereus ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Relative Effectiveness of the Bacteriological Analytical Manual Method for Recovery of Salmonella from Whole Cantaloupes and Cantaloupe Rinses with Selected Preenrichment Media and Rapid Methods AN - 17790050; 6036174 AB - Soak and rinse methods were compared for the recovery of Salmonella from whole cantaloupes. Cantaloupes were surface inoculated with Salmonella cell suspensions and stored for 4 days at 2 to 6C. Cantaloupes were placed in sterile plastic bags with a nonselective preenrichment broth at a 1:1.5 cantaloupe weight-to-broth volume ratio. The cantaloupe broths were shaken for 5 min at 100 rpm after which 25-ml aliquots (rinse) were removed from the bags. The 25-ml rinses were preenriched in 225-ml portions of the same uninoculated broth type at 35C for 24 h (rinse method). The remaining cantaloupe broths were incubated at 35C for 24 h (soak method). The preenrichment broths used were buffered peptone water (BPW), modified BPW, lactose (LAC) broth, and Universal Preenrichment (UP) broth. The Bacteriological Analytical Manual Salmonella culture method was compared with the following rapid methods: the TECRA Unique Salmonella method, the VIDAS ICS/SLM method, and the VIDAS SLM method. The soak method detected significantly more Salmonella-positive cantaloupes (P < 0.05) than did the rinse method: 367 Salmonella-positive cantaloupes of 540 test cantaloupes by the soak method and 24 Salmonella-positive cantaloupes of 540 test cantaloupes by the rinse method. Overall, BPW, LAC, and UP broths were equivalent for the recovery of Salmonella from cantaloupes. Both the VIDAS ICS/SLM and TECRA Unique Salmonella methods detected significantly fewer Salmonella-positive cantaloupes than did the culture method: the VIDAS ICS/SLM method detected 23 of 50 Salmonella-positive cantaloupes (60 tested) and the TECRA Unique Salmonella method detected 16 of 29 Salmonella-positive cantaloupes (60 tested). The VIDAS SLM and culture methods were equivalent: both methods detected 37 of 37 Salmonella-positive cantaloupes (60 tested). JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Hammack, T S AU - Valentin-Bon, I E AU - Jacobson AU - Andrews, W H AD - Division of Microbiological Studies, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 870 EP - 877 VL - 67 IS - 5 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Salmonids KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Cell suspensions KW - Lactose KW - peptone KW - Cell culture KW - Plastics KW - Salmonidae KW - Salmonella KW - Media (culture) KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17790050?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Relative+Effectiveness+of+the+Bacteriological+Analytical+Manual+Method+for+Recovery+of+Salmonella+from+Whole+Cantaloupes+and+Cantaloupe+Rinses+with+Selected+Preenrichment+Media+and+Rapid+Methods&rft.au=Hammack%2C+T+S%3BValentin-Bon%2C+I+E%3BJacobson%3BAndrews%2C+W+H&rft.aulast=Hammack&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=870&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cell suspensions; Lactose; peptone; Cell culture; Plastics; Media (culture); Salmonidae; Salmonella ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brain concentrations of d-MDMA are increased after stress AN - 17707698; 6014245 AB - In the mouse but not the rat, d-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (d-MDMA) is a dopaminergic neurotoxicant. Various stressors and hypothermia protect against d-MDMA-induced neurotoxicity through unknown mechanisms, one of which could be a reduction in the distribution of d-MDMA to the brain. We determined striatal levels of d-MDMA in relation to body temperature in mice exposed to a neurotoxic regimen of d-MDMA in the presence or absence of various stressors. Female C57BL6/J mice received a neurotoxic regimen of d-MDMA (15.0 mg/kg s.c. as the base every 2 h x 4) alone or in combination with manipulations with a known neuroprotective status. d-MDMA levels were determined by HPLC with fluorometric detection while rectal temperature provided core temperature status. Levels of dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase and GFAP were used to assess neurotoxicity. Restraint, ethanol co-treatment and cold stress were neuroprotective, caused hypothermia and increased striatal d-MDMA levels by 4- to 7-fold. Corticosterone treatment, as a stress mimic, did not alter striatal d-MDMA or temperature and was not protective. The protective glutamate receptor antagonist, MK-801, doubled striatal d-MDMA levels and caused hypothermia. Conclusions. Although stress and other protective manipulations can alter the striatal concentration of d-MDMA their hypothermia-inducing properties appear a more likely determinant of their neuroprotection against the striatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity of d-MDMA. JF - Psychopharmacology AU - Johnson, E A AU - O'Callaghan, J P AU - Miller, D B AD - Chronic Stress Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/Centers for Disease Control, 1095 Willowdale Road, Mailstop 3014, VA 26505, Morgantown, USA, EDJ2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SP - 278 EP - 286 PB - Springer-Verlag VL - 173 IS - 3-4 SN - 0033-3158, 0033-3158 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - High-performance liquid chromatography KW - Temperature effects KW - Hypothermia KW - Rectum KW - Body temperature KW - Glial fibrillary acidic protein KW - Neuroprotection KW - Glutamic acid receptors KW - MK-801 KW - Corticosterone KW - Dopamine KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Neostriatum KW - Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase KW - Ethanol KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17707698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Brain+concentrations+of+d-MDMA+are+increased+after+stress&rft.au=Johnson%2C+E+A%3BO%27Callaghan%2C+J+P%3BMiller%2C+D+B&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=278&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology&rft.issn=00333158&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00213-003-1740-3 L2 - http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00213/bibs/41733-4/41730278.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; High-performance liquid chromatography; Hypothermia; Rectum; Body temperature; Glial fibrillary acidic protein; Neuroprotection; Glutamic acid receptors; MK-801; Corticosterone; Dopamine; Neostriatum; Neurotoxicity; Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; Ethanol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-003-1740-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Points to Consider for Human Gene Therapy and Product Quality Control State Food and Drug Administration of China AN - 17590035; 6467980 AB - Gene therapy is a medical intervention based on the modification of the genetic material of living cells. Currently, gene therapy is restricted in application to somatic cells. Based on transferring methods, gene therapy can be classified into two categories: ex vivo and in vivo, ex vivo gene therapy refers to cells being modified ex vivo for subsequent administration to humans, while in vivo refers to cells being altered in vivo by giving gene therapy directly to the subject. The products of ex vivo gene therapy are cells that are modified and are intended to be administered to the patient, ex vivo gene therapy is expected to be performed in well-established medical care establishments with specially trained medical professionals and GMP facilities. The products of in vivo gene therapy are recombinant DNA or RNA in the form of naked DNA, DNA complex, or viral vectors that are manipulated by genetic technologies. Both ex vivo and in vivo gene therapy products are subject to the regulations in this guidance. Because of the complexities of the different modalities of gene therapy, it is not possible to generalize a common guidance that is suitable for all kinds of products. JF - BioPharm International AU - Peng, Zhaohui AD - State Food and Drug Administration of China Y1 - 2004/05// PY - 2004 DA - May 2004 SN - 1542-166X, 1542-166X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Gene therapy KW - Somatic cells KW - Expression vectors KW - RNA KW - Quality control KW - DNA KW - China, People's Rep. KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 120:Genetic Engineering in Medicine KW - W3 33180:Gene based (protocols, clinical trials, and animal models) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17590035?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioPharm+International&rft.atitle=Points+to+Consider+for+Human+Gene+Therapy+and+Product+Quality+Control+State+Food+and+Drug+Administration+of+China&rft.au=Peng%2C+Zhaohui&rft.aulast=Peng&rft.aufirst=Zhaohui&rft.date=2004-05-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioPharm+International&rft.issn=1542166X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - China, People's Rep.; Gene therapy; DNA; Expression vectors; RNA; Somatic cells; Quality control ER - TY - RPRT T1 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN LABORATORIES INTEGRATED RESEACH FACILITY, HAMILTON, MONTANA. [Part 3 of 4] T2 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN LABORATORIES INTEGRATED RESEACH FACILITY, HAMILTON, MONTANA. AN - 36359799; 10754-040201_0003 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of an Integrated Research Facility (IRF) at Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML) in Hamilton, Ravalli County, Montana are proposed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The mission of the RML is to play a leading role in the nation's effort to develop diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics to combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks soon thereafter, the public is more aware of the potential for exposure of the civilian population to bioterrorism. As a result, President Bush asked the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases to increase its research into the development of safe effective countermeasures to protect the public against the threat of biological agents that might be used in bioterrorist attacks. In addition to the proposed project, this final EIS of May 2003 considers a No Action Alternative. The proposed IRF would include Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories as well as BSL-2 and BSL-3 laboratories, animal facilities, administrative support offices, conference rooms, and break areas. Construction activities would provide approximately 105,000 square feet of new building space within the existing 33-acre RML campus. in the southwest portion of Hamilton. Upgrades would include a biocontainment laboratory with a BSL-4 rating, a new chilled water plant and emergency power backup system, a new additional to Boiler Building 26 to house a new natural-gas-fired bioler, and below grade systems and utility distribution tunnels to service the IRF. Cost of facility construction is estimated at $4.7 million. This supplemental EIS addresses concerns voiced over the potential public health risks of biological and infectious agents to be studied. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The IRF would improve the nation's ability to study and combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and to protect public health in keeping with NIH's mission. The proposed action would provide a highly contained and secure intramural laboratory for continuation of research into emerging infectious disease within the budgetary constraints of NIH at the RML facility. Construction activities would employ up to 200 workers at the peak employment period; operation of the new facilities would employ 10 permanent workers. Approximately $18.9 million in revenues would be generated within the county during the two-year construction period. The annual payroll for the 100 additional operational employees at the facility would amount to $6.6 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Operation of the IRF would involve the potential for accidental release of biological agents or the release of such agents due to terrorist attack, but these possibilities would be minimal due to precautions taken at the facility. Traffic levels within the vicinity of the IRF would increase substantially. New buildings and boiler stacks would mar visual aesthetics in the area, including views from the RML Historic District. LEGAL MANDATES: Public Law 107-117. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 03-0473D, Volume 27, Number 4. For the abstract of draft supplemental EISs associated with this environmental review process, see 04-0227D, Volume 28, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 040201, 561 pages and maps, April 23, 2004 PY - 2004 VL - 3 KW - Research and Development KW - Biological Agents KW - Employment KW - Health Hazards KW - Health Hazard Analyses KW - Historic Districts KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources KW - Montana KW - Public Law 107-117, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36359799?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-04-23&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=ROCKY+MOUNTAIN+LABORATORIES+INTEGRATED+RESEACH+FACILITY%2C+HAMILTON%2C+MONTANA.&rft.title=ROCKY+MOUNTAIN+LABORATORIES+INTEGRATED+RESEACH+FACILITY%2C+HAMILTON%2C+MONTANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; DHHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: April 23, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN LABORATORIES INTEGRATED RESEACH FACILITY, HAMILTON, MONTANA. [Part 2 of 4] T2 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN LABORATORIES INTEGRATED RESEACH FACILITY, HAMILTON, MONTANA. AN - 36355320; 10754-040201_0002 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of an Integrated Research Facility (IRF) at Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML) in Hamilton, Ravalli County, Montana are proposed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The mission of the RML is to play a leading role in the nation's effort to develop diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics to combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks soon thereafter, the public is more aware of the potential for exposure of the civilian population to bioterrorism. As a result, President Bush asked the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases to increase its research into the development of safe effective countermeasures to protect the public against the threat of biological agents that might be used in bioterrorist attacks. In addition to the proposed project, this final EIS of May 2003 considers a No Action Alternative. The proposed IRF would include Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories as well as BSL-2 and BSL-3 laboratories, animal facilities, administrative support offices, conference rooms, and break areas. Construction activities would provide approximately 105,000 square feet of new building space within the existing 33-acre RML campus. in the southwest portion of Hamilton. Upgrades would include a biocontainment laboratory with a BSL-4 rating, a new chilled water plant and emergency power backup system, a new additional to Boiler Building 26 to house a new natural-gas-fired bioler, and below grade systems and utility distribution tunnels to service the IRF. Cost of facility construction is estimated at $4.7 million. This supplemental EIS addresses concerns voiced over the potential public health risks of biological and infectious agents to be studied. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The IRF would improve the nation's ability to study and combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and to protect public health in keeping with NIH's mission. The proposed action would provide a highly contained and secure intramural laboratory for continuation of research into emerging infectious disease within the budgetary constraints of NIH at the RML facility. Construction activities would employ up to 200 workers at the peak employment period; operation of the new facilities would employ 10 permanent workers. Approximately $18.9 million in revenues would be generated within the county during the two-year construction period. The annual payroll for the 100 additional operational employees at the facility would amount to $6.6 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Operation of the IRF would involve the potential for accidental release of biological agents or the release of such agents due to terrorist attack, but these possibilities would be minimal due to precautions taken at the facility. Traffic levels within the vicinity of the IRF would increase substantially. New buildings and boiler stacks would mar visual aesthetics in the area, including views from the RML Historic District. LEGAL MANDATES: Public Law 107-117. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 03-0473D, Volume 27, Number 4. For the abstract of draft supplemental EISs associated with this environmental review process, see 04-0227D, Volume 28, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 040201, 561 pages and maps, April 23, 2004 PY - 2004 VL - 2 KW - Research and Development KW - Biological Agents KW - Employment KW - Health Hazards KW - Health Hazard Analyses KW - Historic Districts KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources KW - Montana KW - Public Law 107-117, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36355320?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-04-23&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=ROCKY+MOUNTAIN+LABORATORIES+INTEGRATED+RESEACH+FACILITY%2C+HAMILTON%2C+MONTANA.&rft.title=ROCKY+MOUNTAIN+LABORATORIES+INTEGRATED+RESEACH+FACILITY%2C+HAMILTON%2C+MONTANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; DHHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: April 23, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN LABORATORIES INTEGRATED RESEACH FACILITY, HAMILTON, MONTANA. [Part 1 of 4] T2 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN LABORATORIES INTEGRATED RESEACH FACILITY, HAMILTON, MONTANA. AN - 36355235; 10754-040201_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of an Integrated Research Facility (IRF) at Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML) in Hamilton, Ravalli County, Montana are proposed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The mission of the RML is to play a leading role in the nation's effort to develop diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics to combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks soon thereafter, the public is more aware of the potential for exposure of the civilian population to bioterrorism. As a result, President Bush asked the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases to increase its research into the development of safe effective countermeasures to protect the public against the threat of biological agents that might be used in bioterrorist attacks. In addition to the proposed project, this final EIS of May 2003 considers a No Action Alternative. The proposed IRF would include Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories as well as BSL-2 and BSL-3 laboratories, animal facilities, administrative support offices, conference rooms, and break areas. Construction activities would provide approximately 105,000 square feet of new building space within the existing 33-acre RML campus. in the southwest portion of Hamilton. Upgrades would include a biocontainment laboratory with a BSL-4 rating, a new chilled water plant and emergency power backup system, a new additional to Boiler Building 26 to house a new natural-gas-fired bioler, and below grade systems and utility distribution tunnels to service the IRF. Cost of facility construction is estimated at $4.7 million. This supplemental EIS addresses concerns voiced over the potential public health risks of biological and infectious agents to be studied. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The IRF would improve the nation's ability to study and combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and to protect public health in keeping with NIH's mission. The proposed action would provide a highly contained and secure intramural laboratory for continuation of research into emerging infectious disease within the budgetary constraints of NIH at the RML facility. Construction activities would employ up to 200 workers at the peak employment period; operation of the new facilities would employ 10 permanent workers. Approximately $18.9 million in revenues would be generated within the county during the two-year construction period. The annual payroll for the 100 additional operational employees at the facility would amount to $6.6 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Operation of the IRF would involve the potential for accidental release of biological agents or the release of such agents due to terrorist attack, but these possibilities would be minimal due to precautions taken at the facility. Traffic levels within the vicinity of the IRF would increase substantially. New buildings and boiler stacks would mar visual aesthetics in the area, including views from the RML Historic District. LEGAL MANDATES: Public Law 107-117. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 03-0473D, Volume 27, Number 4. For the abstract of draft supplemental EISs associated with this environmental review process, see 04-0227D, Volume 28, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 040201, 561 pages and maps, April 23, 2004 PY - 2004 VL - 1 KW - Research and Development KW - Biological Agents KW - Employment KW - Health Hazards KW - Health Hazard Analyses KW - Historic Districts KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources KW - Montana KW - Public Law 107-117, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36355235?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-04-23&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=ROCKY+MOUNTAIN+LABORATORIES+INTEGRATED+RESEACH+FACILITY%2C+HAMILTON%2C+MONTANA.&rft.title=ROCKY+MOUNTAIN+LABORATORIES+INTEGRATED+RESEACH+FACILITY%2C+HAMILTON%2C+MONTANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; DHHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: April 23, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN LABORATORIES INTEGRATED RESEACH FACILITY, HAMILTON, MONTANA. [Part 4 of 4] T2 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN LABORATORIES INTEGRATED RESEACH FACILITY, HAMILTON, MONTANA. AN - 36353943; 10754-040201_0004 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of an Integrated Research Facility (IRF) at Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML) in Hamilton, Ravalli County, Montana are proposed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The mission of the RML is to play a leading role in the nation's effort to develop diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics to combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks soon thereafter, the public is more aware of the potential for exposure of the civilian population to bioterrorism. As a result, President Bush asked the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases to increase its research into the development of safe effective countermeasures to protect the public against the threat of biological agents that might be used in bioterrorist attacks. In addition to the proposed project, this final EIS of May 2003 considers a No Action Alternative. The proposed IRF would include Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories as well as BSL-2 and BSL-3 laboratories, animal facilities, administrative support offices, conference rooms, and break areas. Construction activities would provide approximately 105,000 square feet of new building space within the existing 33-acre RML campus. in the southwest portion of Hamilton. Upgrades would include a biocontainment laboratory with a BSL-4 rating, a new chilled water plant and emergency power backup system, a new additional to Boiler Building 26 to house a new natural-gas-fired bioler, and below grade systems and utility distribution tunnels to service the IRF. Cost of facility construction is estimated at $4.7 million. This supplemental EIS addresses concerns voiced over the potential public health risks of biological and infectious agents to be studied. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The IRF would improve the nation's ability to study and combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and to protect public health in keeping with NIH's mission. The proposed action would provide a highly contained and secure intramural laboratory for continuation of research into emerging infectious disease within the budgetary constraints of NIH at the RML facility. Construction activities would employ up to 200 workers at the peak employment period; operation of the new facilities would employ 10 permanent workers. Approximately $18.9 million in revenues would be generated within the county during the two-year construction period. The annual payroll for the 100 additional operational employees at the facility would amount to $6.6 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Operation of the IRF would involve the potential for accidental release of biological agents or the release of such agents due to terrorist attack, but these possibilities would be minimal due to precautions taken at the facility. Traffic levels within the vicinity of the IRF would increase substantially. New buildings and boiler stacks would mar visual aesthetics in the area, including views from the RML Historic District. LEGAL MANDATES: Public Law 107-117. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 03-0473D, Volume 27, Number 4. For the abstract of draft supplemental EISs associated with this environmental review process, see 04-0227D, Volume 28, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 040201, 561 pages and maps, April 23, 2004 PY - 2004 VL - 4 KW - Research and Development KW - Biological Agents KW - Employment KW - Health Hazards KW - Health Hazard Analyses KW - Historic Districts KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources KW - Montana KW - Public Law 107-117, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36353943?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-04-23&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=ROCKY+MOUNTAIN+LABORATORIES+INTEGRATED+RESEACH+FACILITY%2C+HAMILTON%2C+MONTANA.&rft.title=ROCKY+MOUNTAIN+LABORATORIES+INTEGRATED+RESEACH+FACILITY%2C+HAMILTON%2C+MONTANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; DHHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: April 23, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antiviral Flavonoids from the Seeds of Aesculus chinensis AN - 18049375; 6015748 AB - A bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of the seeds of Aesculus chinensis led to the isolation of two new flavanoids (1 and 2), along with eight known ones (3-10). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR. All compounds were tested for antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV 3), and influenza virus type A (Flu A). Compounds 1, 2, and 6 showed significant antiviral activities against RSV with IC sub(50) values of 4.5, 6.7, and 4.1 mu g/mL and selective index (SI) values of 15.8, 32, and 63.8, respectively. Compound 8 demonstrated significant antiviral activity against Flu A with an IC sub(50) of 24.5 mu g/mL and a SI of 16.0, respectively. JF - Journal of Natural Products AU - Wei, Feng AU - Ma, Shuang-Cheng AU - Ma, Lin-Yun AU - But, PP-H AU - Lin, Rui-Chao AU - Khan, IA AD - National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, State Food and Drug Administration, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China Y1 - 2004/04/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 23 SP - 650 EP - 653 VL - 67 IS - 4 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - flavanoids KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Respiratory syncytial virus KW - Bioassays KW - Fractionation KW - Aesculus chinensis KW - Antiviral activity KW - Ethanol KW - A 01068:Antiviral & viricidal KW - V 22100:Antiviral agents UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18049375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Natural+Products&rft.atitle=Antiviral+Flavonoids+from+the+Seeds+of+Aesculus+chinensis&rft.au=Wei%2C+Feng%3BMa%2C+Shuang-Cheng%3BMa%2C+Lin-Yun%3BBut%2C+PP-H%3BLin%2C+Rui-Chao%3BKhan%2C+IA&rft.aulast=Wei&rft.aufirst=Feng&rft.date=2004-04-23&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=650&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Natural+Products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fnp030470h LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioassays; Fractionation; Antiviral activity; Ethanol; Respiratory syncytial virus; Aesculus chinensis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np030470h ER - TY - RPRT T1 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN LABORATORIES INTEGRATED RESEACH FACILITY, HAMILTON, MONTANA. AN - 16345590; 10754 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of an Integrated Research Facility (IRF) at Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML) in Hamilton, Ravalli County, Montana are proposed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The mission of the RML is to play a leading role in the nation's effort to develop diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics to combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks soon thereafter, the public is more aware of the potential for exposure of the civilian population to bioterrorism. As a result, President Bush asked the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases to increase its research into the development of safe effective countermeasures to protect the public against the threat of biological agents that might be used in bioterrorist attacks. In addition to the proposed project, this final EIS of May 2003 considers a No Action Alternative. The proposed IRF would include Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories as well as BSL-2 and BSL-3 laboratories, animal facilities, administrative support offices, conference rooms, and break areas. Construction activities would provide approximately 105,000 square feet of new building space within the existing 33-acre RML campus. in the southwest portion of Hamilton. Upgrades would include a biocontainment laboratory with a BSL-4 rating, a new chilled water plant and emergency power backup system, a new additional to Boiler Building 26 to house a new natural-gas-fired bioler, and below grade systems and utility distribution tunnels to service the IRF. Cost of facility construction is estimated at $4.7 million. This supplemental EIS addresses concerns voiced over the potential public health risks of biological and infectious agents to be studied. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The IRF would improve the nation's ability to study and combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and to protect public health in keeping with NIH's mission. The proposed action would provide a highly contained and secure intramural laboratory for continuation of research into emerging infectious disease within the budgetary constraints of NIH at the RML facility. Construction activities would employ up to 200 workers at the peak employment period; operation of the new facilities would employ 10 permanent workers. Approximately $18.9 million in revenues would be generated within the county during the two-year construction period. The annual payroll for the 100 additional operational employees at the facility would amount to $6.6 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Operation of the IRF would involve the potential for accidental release of biological agents or the release of such agents due to terrorist attack, but these possibilities would be minimal due to precautions taken at the facility. Traffic levels within the vicinity of the IRF would increase substantially. New buildings and boiler stacks would mar visual aesthetics in the area, including views from the RML Historic District. LEGAL MANDATES: Public Law 107-117. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 03-0473D, Volume 27, Number 4. For the abstract of draft supplemental EISs associated with this environmental review process, see 04-0227D, Volume 28, Number 2. JF - EPA number: 040201, 561 pages and maps, April 23, 2004 PY - 2004 KW - Research and Development KW - Biological Agents KW - Employment KW - Health Hazards KW - Health Hazard Analyses KW - Historic Districts KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources KW - Montana KW - Public Law 107-117, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16345590?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-04-23&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=ROCKY+MOUNTAIN+LABORATORIES+INTEGRATED+RESEACH+FACILITY%2C+HAMILTON%2C+MONTANA.&rft.title=ROCKY+MOUNTAIN+LABORATORIES+INTEGRATED+RESEACH+FACILITY%2C+HAMILTON%2C+MONTANA.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; DHHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: April 23, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Diagnosis and management of foodborne illnesses: a primer for physicians and other health care professionals. AN - 71899832; 15123984 JF - MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports AU - American Medical Association AU - American Nurses Association-American Nurses Foundation AU - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention AU - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration AU - Food Safety and Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture AD - American Medical Association ; American Nurses Association-American Nurses Foundation ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ; Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration ; Food Safety and Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture Y1 - 2004/04/16/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 16 SP - 1 EP - 33 VL - 53 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Clinical Laboratory Techniques KW - Diagnosis, Differential KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Population Surveillance KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- microbiology KW - Foodborne Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Foodborne Diseases -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71899832?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.atitle=Diagnosis+and+management+of+foodborne+illnesses%3A+a+primer+for+physicians+and+other+health+care+professionals.&rft.au=American+Medical+Association%3BAmerican+Nurses+Association-American+Nurses+Foundation%3BCenters+for+Disease+Control+and+Prevention%3BCenter+for+Food+Safety+and+Applied+Nutrition%2C+Food+and+Drug+Administration%3BFood+Safety+and+Inspection+Service%2C+US+Department+of+Agriculture&rft.aulast=American+Medical+Association&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-04-16&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=MMWR.+Recommendations+and+reports+%3A+Morbidity+and+mortality+weekly+report.+Recommendations+and+reports&rft.issn=1545-8601&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Correlation of DNA adduct formation and riddelliine-induced liver tumorigenesis in F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice [Cancer Lett. 193 (2003) 119-125. AN - 71909515; 15127726 AB - Riddelliine is a naturally occurring pyrrolizidine alkaloid that induces liver hemangiosarcomas in male and female F344 rats and male B6C3F1 mice. We previously reported that eight dehydroretronecine (DHR)-derived DNA adducts were formed in liver DNA of rats treated with riddelliine. In order to examine the relationship between DNA adduct levels and the incidence of hemangiosarcomas, we have measured DHR-derived DNA adduct levels in purified rat and mouse liver endothelial cells, the cells of origin for the hemangiosarcomas. F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice were treated by gavage 5 days per week for 2 weeks with riddelliine at 1.0 mg/kg for rats and 3.0 mg/kg for mice. One, 3, 7, and 28 days after the last dose, liver parenchymal and endothelial cell fractions were isolated, and the quantities of DHR-derived DNA adducts were determined by 32P-postlabeling/HPLC. The DHR-derived DNA adduct levels in the endothelial cells were significantly greater than in the parenchymal cells. The DNA adduct levels in rat endothelial cells were greater than in the mouse endothelial cells. These results indicate that the levels of riddelliine-induced DNA adducts in specific populations of liver cells correlate with the preferential induction of liver hemangiosarcomas by riddelliine. JF - Cancer letters AU - Chou, Ming W AU - Yan, Jian AU - Nichols, Jasyl AU - Xia, Qingsu AU - Beland, Frederick A AU - Chan, Po-Cheun AU - Fu, Peter P AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. mchou@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/04/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 15 SP - 119 EP - 125 VL - 207 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids KW - riddelliine KW - 23246-96-0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Liver -- cytology KW - Sex Factors KW - Area Under Curve KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Hemangiosarcoma -- chemically induced KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Rats KW - Endothelial Cells -- drug effects KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Cells, Cultured KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - Models, Chemical KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Endothelial Cells -- metabolism KW - Liver Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids -- metabolism KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids -- pharmacology KW - Liver Neoplasms -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71909515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Correlation+of+DNA+adduct+formation+and+riddelliine-induced+liver+tumorigenesis+in+F344+rats+and+B6C3F1+mice+%5BCancer+Lett.+193+%282003%29+119-125.&rft.au=Chou%2C+Ming+W%3BYan%2C+Jian%3BNichols%2C+Jasyl%3BXia%2C+Qingsu%3BBeland%2C+Frederick+A%3BChan%2C+Po-Cheun%3BFu%2C+Peter+P&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=Ming&rft.date=2004-04-15&rft.volume=207&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Republished From: Cancer Lett. 2003 Apr 25;193(2):119-25 [12706867] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nucleoside analogues and mitochondrial toxicity. AN - 71842668; 15095236 AB - An evaluation of the US Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System identified that patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and chronic hepatitis C virus who were treated with a regimen of ribavirin and didanosine, with or without stavudine, were at increased risk for events associated with mitochondrial toxicity, including fatal hepatic failure, peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, and symptomatic hyperlactatemia/lactic acidosis. In response, the US product labels for didanosine and ribavirin have been revised to caution clinicians against coadministration of these drugs. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Fleischer, Russell AU - Boxwell, Debra AU - Sherman, Kenneth E AD - Division of Antiviral Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. fleischerr@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/04/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 15 SP - e79 EP - e80 VL - 38 IS - 8 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors KW - Ribavirin KW - 49717AWG6K KW - Stavudine KW - BO9LE4QFZF KW - Didanosine KW - K3GDH6OH08 KW - Index Medicus KW - Ribavirin -- therapeutic use KW - Hepatitis C -- complications KW - Humans KW - Ribavirin -- adverse effects KW - Didanosine -- adverse effects KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active -- adverse effects KW - Didanosine -- therapeutic use KW - Hepatitis C -- drug therapy KW - HIV Infections -- complications KW - Adult KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - Middle Aged KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - Female KW - Male KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Stavudine -- therapeutic use KW - Mitochondria -- drug effects KW - Anti-HIV Agents -- adverse effects KW - Stavudine -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71842668?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Nucleoside+analogues+and+mitochondrial+toxicity.&rft.au=Fleischer%2C+Russell%3BBoxwell%2C+Debra%3BSherman%2C+Kenneth+E&rft.aulast=Fleischer&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft.date=2004-04-15&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=e79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of acrylamide and glycidamide serum toxicokinetics in B6C3F1 mice using LC-ES/MS/MS. AN - 71778972; 15050729 AB - Acrylamide (AA) is a well-studied industrial toxicant; however, recent findings of AA at ppm levels in cooked starchy foods have refocused attention on the potential for neurotoxicity, germ cell mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity from AA. Oxidative metabolism of AA to glycidamide (GA) in experimental animals has previously been linked with many toxic effects of AA exposure. We report a new sensitive and selective analytical method, based on LC with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, for the quantification of AA and GA in serum and its application to a preliminary toxicokinetic evaluation of AA and GA in adult B6C3F(1) mice following oral administration of AA. JF - Cancer letters AU - Twaddle, Nathan C AU - McDaniel, L Patrice AU - Gamboa da Costa, Gonçalo AU - Churchwell, Mona I AU - Beland, Frederick A AU - Doerge, Daniel R AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/04/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 15 SP - 9 EP - 17 VL - 207 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Epoxy Compounds KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Acrylamide KW - 20R035KLCI KW - glycidamide KW - 6G5ELX5XYN KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Oxygen -- metabolism KW - Kinetics KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Models, Chemical KW - Mice KW - Time Factors KW - Epoxy Compounds -- pharmacokinetics KW - Acrylamide -- pharmacokinetics KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71778972?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Determination+of+acrylamide+and+glycidamide+serum+toxicokinetics+in+B6C3F1+mice+using+LC-ES%2FMS%2FMS.&rft.au=Twaddle%2C+Nathan+C%3BMcDaniel%2C+L+Patrice%3BGamboa+da+Costa%2C+Gon%C3%A7alo%3BChurchwell%2C+Mona+I%3BBeland%2C+Frederick+A%3BDoerge%2C+Daniel+R&rft.aulast=Twaddle&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft.date=2004-04-15&rft.volume=207&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accuracy and validity of observational estimates of wrist and forearm posture. AN - 66646179; 15204302 AB - Numerous observational methods for analysis of working posture of the wrist/forearm have been reported in the literature yet few of these methods have been validated for the accuracy of their posture classification. The present study evaluated the accuracy of estimates of working posture made by 28 experienced ergonomists using methods of scaling upper limb posture typical of those reported in the literature. Observational estimates of wrist/forearm posture of four jobs presented on video-recording were compared with posture levels measured directly with an electrogoniometer system. Ergonomists using a visual analogue scale tended to underestimate peak and average wrist extension with mean errors of -29.4% and -10.5% of the joint ROM, respectively (p<0.05). While estimates of wrist flexion, pronation and supination resulted in less bias, variability in observer error was large for all wrist postures. The probability of an analyst misclassifying the most frequently occurring posture using a three- and a six-category scale was 54 and 70%, respectively. The probability of misclassifying peak posture was 22 and 61% using a three- and a six-category scale respectively. This suggests a trade-off between the degree of precision afforded by the categorical scale and the likelihood of posture misclassification. Estimates of the temporal distribution of posture among the categories appeared to be biased towards more neutral postures than were measured for the jobs. This indicated the possibility of a trend towards underestimation of posture duration severity by the ergonomists. JF - Ergonomics AU - Lowe, Brian D AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. blowe@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 15 SP - 527 EP - 554 VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 0014-0139, 0014-0139 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Probability KW - Video Recording KW - Cumulative Trauma Disorders -- classification KW - Occupational Exposure -- classification KW - Humans KW - Medical Laboratory Personnel KW - Observation KW - Bias (Epidemiology) KW - Human Engineering -- methods KW - Forearm -- pathology KW - Wrist -- physiology KW - Wrist -- pathology KW - Posture -- physiology KW - Human Engineering -- instrumentation KW - Forearm -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66646179?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Accuracy+and+validity+of+observational+estimates+of+wrist+and+forearm+posture.&rft.au=Lowe%2C+Brian+D&rft.aulast=Lowe&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=2004-04-15&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=527&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ergonomics&rft.issn=00140139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genomic hypomethylation is specific for preneoplastic liver in folate/methyl deficient rats and does not occur in non-target tissues. AN - 71794073; 15063136 AB - Chronic dietary insufficiency of the lipotropic nutrients choline and methionine is hepatocarcinogenic in male rats and certain mouse strains. Despite the fact that DNA hypomethylation is a hallmark of most cancer genomes, the tissue-specific consequences of this alternation with respect to tumorigenesis remain to be determined. In the present study, the folate/methyl deficient model of multistage hepatocarcinogenesis was used to evaluate in vivo alterations in DNA methylation in the liver, the carcinogenesis target tissue, and in non-target tissues, including pancreas, spleen, kidney, and thymus, of male F344 rats. By utilizing the HpaII/MspI-based cytosine extension assay, we demonstrated that the percent of CpG sites that lost methyl groups on both strands progressively increased in liver tissue after 9, 18, and 36 weeks of folate/methyl deficiency. The endogenous activity of DNA methyltransferase in liver of rats fed with folate/methyl deficient diet for the 36-week period gradually increased with time. In contrast, non-target tissues displayed no changes in DNA methylation level or activity of DNA methyltransferase. The failure of DNA methyltransferase to restore and maintain DNA methylation patterns in preneoplastic liver tissue may lead to the establishment of tumor-specific DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase profiles that are not expressed in normal liver. These results provide additional information about alterations in DNA methylation during early preneoplastic stages of carcinogenesis. They also demonstrate that DNA hypomethylation is localized to tissue that undergoes carcinogenesis, and is not altered in non-target tissues. JF - Mutation research AU - Pogribny, Igor P AU - James, S Jill AU - Jernigan, Stefanie AU - Pogribna, Marta AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, FDA-National Center for Toxicological Research, NCTR, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. ipogribny@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/04/14/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 14 SP - 53 EP - 59 VL - 548 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - DNA, Neoplasm KW - 0 KW - Cytosine KW - 8J337D1HZY KW - DNA Modification Methylases KW - EC 2.1.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - DNA Modification Methylases -- metabolism KW - Spleen -- metabolism KW - Pancreas -- metabolism KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- genetics KW - Thymus Gland -- metabolism KW - DNA, Neoplasm -- analysis KW - Male KW - Cytosine -- metabolism KW - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Precancerous Conditions -- genetics KW - DNA Methylation KW - Folic Acid Deficiency -- genetics KW - Liver -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71794073?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Genomic+hypomethylation+is+specific+for+preneoplastic+liver+in+folate%2Fmethyl+deficient+rats+and+does+not+occur+in+non-target+tissues.&rft.au=Pogribny%2C+Igor+P%3BJames%2C+S+Jill%3BJernigan%2C+Stefanie%3BPogribna%2C+Marta&rft.aulast=Pogribny&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft.date=2004-04-14&rft.volume=548&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-20 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a gas chromatographic test for the quantification of the biomarker 3-bromopropionic acid in human urine. AN - 71744715; 15018799 AB - An accurate and precise method was developed for the detection and quantification of 3-bromopropionic acid (3-BPA), a metabolite and biomarker for exposure to 1-bromopropane (1-BP). 1-BP is used as an industrial solvent and exposure is a health concern for industrial workers due to its toxicity. It has been associated with neurological disorders in both animals and humans. Urine sample preparation for the determination of 3-BPA consisted of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with ethyl acetate and silylation with N-methyl-N-[tert-butyldimethylsilyl]trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA). Quantification was by means of a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD) using a dimethylpolysiloxane (HP-1) capillary column and 3-chloropropionic acid was used as an internal standard in the procedure. Demonstrated accuracy and precision during this method's validation was good; recovery varied between 93 and 98% with relative standard deviations (R.D.S.) of 5.7% or less. The limit of detection (LOD) for the procedure was approximately 0.01microg/ml 3-BPA in urine. These data and other factors of the development and validation of this test method will be discussed. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - B'Hymer, C AU - Cheever, K L AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Taft Laboratory C-26, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. cbhymer@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04/05/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Apr 05 SP - 361 EP - 366 VL - 802 IS - 2 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Propionates KW - 3-bromopropionic acid KW - WFZ7CSR69R KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Propionates -- urine KW - Biomarkers -- urine KW - Chromatography, Gas -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71744715?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+gas+chromatographic+test+for+the+quantification+of+the+biomarker+3-bromopropionic+acid+in+human+urine.&rft.au=B%27Hymer%2C+C%3BCheever%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=B%27Hymer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-04-05&rft.volume=802&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=361&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of cryptosporidium antibodies in sera and oral fluids using multiplex bead assay. AN - 71954621; 15165066 AB - For the first time, a multiplex bead assay (MBA) was used to assay oral fluid and serum specimens for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to specific Cryptosporidium parvum antigens that were coupled to polystyrene beads. Recombinant C. parvum 17- and 27-kDa antigens (r17 and r27, respectively) both linked with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins, native 17-kDa antigen, and GST alone were each coupled to microspheres that could be differentiated based on variable amounts of internally incorporated red fluorescent dye. Initial and follow-up serum and oral fluid specimens from a 1997 cryptosporidiosis outbreak in Spokane, Washington, were incubated with the coupled beads. Antibodies bound to the coupled beads were detected using biotinylated monoclonal anti-human IgG antibody and streptavidin-labeled r-phycoerythrin. Fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry. For the 3 C. parvum antigens, the median of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was significantly higher (P 0.673). For the recombinant antigens used in the MBA, the MFI correlated with the response as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that used r17 and r27 expressed without the GST fusion partner (P 0.854). MBA using sera or more conveniently collected oral fluids, especially from children, may be an option for immunodiagnosis of C. parvum infection and for prospective epidemiological studies designed to monitor infection risk. JF - The Journal of parasitology AU - Moss, Delynn M AU - Montgomery, Joel M AU - Newland, Sophie V AU - Priest, Jeffrey W AU - Lammie, Patrick J AD - Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. dmm3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 397 EP - 404 VL - 90 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3395, 0022-3395 KW - Antibodies, Protozoan KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Protozoan KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Index Medicus KW - Immunoglobulin G -- blood KW - Immunoblotting KW - Animals KW - Immunoglobulin G -- analysis KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Antigens, Protozoan -- immunology KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay KW - Food Parasitology KW - Microspheres KW - Saliva -- immunology KW - Cryptosporidium parvum -- immunology KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- diagnosis KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- epidemiology KW - Antibodies, Protozoan -- analysis KW - Antibodies, Protozoan -- blood KW - Cryptosporidiosis -- immunology KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71954621?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+cryptosporidium+antibodies+in+sera+and+oral+fluids+using+multiplex+bead+assay.&rft.au=Moss%2C+Delynn+M%3BMontgomery%2C+Joel+M%3BNewland%2C+Sophie+V%3BPriest%2C+Jeffrey+W%3BLammie%2C+Patrick+J&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=Delynn&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=90&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=397&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+parasitology&rft.issn=00223395&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NTP technical report on the toxicity studies of 2- and 4-Methylimidazole (CAS No. 693-98-1 and 822-36-6) administered in feed to F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. AN - 71923473; 15146214 AB - [Structure-see text] 2-Methylimidazole and 4-methylimidazole are intermediate/starting materials or components in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, photographic and photothermographic chemicals, dyes and pigments, agricultural chemicals, and rubber; these chemicals have been identified as undesirable by-products in several foods and have been detected in mainstream and sidestream tobacco smoke. The National Cancer Institute nominated 2- and 4-methylimidazole as candidates for toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. Toxicity studies were carried out in male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. Animals were exposed to 2- or 4-methylimidazole in feed for 15 days or 14 weeks; clinical pathology studies were conducted in the 14-week studies on days 8, 29, and 86 and at week 14. Genetic toxicity studies were conducted in Salmonella typhimurium, rat and mouse bone marrow, and mouse peripheral blood. Groups of five male and five female rats and mice were fed diets containing 0, 1,200, 3,300, or 10,000 ppm 2-methylimidazole (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 115, 290, or 770 mg 2-methylimidazole/ kg body weight to rats; 220, 640, or 2,100 mg/kg to male mice; 300, 800, or 2,400 to female mice) for 15 days. Groups of five male and five female rats and mice were fed diets containing 0, 300, 800, or 2,500 ppm 4-methylimidazole (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 30, 80, or 220 mg/kg for rats and 65, 170, or 500 mg/kg for mice) for 15 days. In the 15-day 2-methylimidazole studies, all animals survived to the end of the studies. The mean body weights of 10,000 ppm male rats and female mice were significantly less than those of the controls. Feed consumption by 10,000 ppm male and female rats was reduced. Enlarged thyroid glands were observed in 3,300 and 10,000 ppm male and female rats. The incidences of diffuse hyperplasia of follicular cells of the thyroid gland in 3,300 and 10,000 ppm male and female rats and pars distalis hypertrophy of the pituitary gland in 3,300 and 10,000 ppm males and 10,000 ppm females were increased compared to the controls. In all exposed groups of male and female mice, the incidences and severities of follicular cell hypertrophy of the thyroid gland and the severities of hematopoietic cell proliferation of the spleen generally increased with increasing exposure concentration. In the 4-methylimidazole studies, all animals survived to the end of the studies, and there were no significant differences in mean body weights, clinical findings, organ weights, or gross or microscopic lesions between exposed and control groups. Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats and mice were fed diets containing 0, 625, 1,250, 2,500, 5,000, or 10,000 ppm 2- or 4-methylimidazole (equivalent to average daily doses of approximately 40, 80, 160, 300, or 560 mg/kg 2- or 4-methylimidazole to rats; and 100, 165, 360, 780, or 1,740 mg/kg 2-methylimidazole or 100, 240, 440, 915, or 1,840 mg/kg 4-methylimidazole to male mice; and 90, 190, 400, 800, or 1,860 mg/kg 2-methylimidazole or 110, 240, 540, 1,130, or 3,180 mg/kg 4-methylimidazole to females) for 14 weeks. All animals survived to the end of the 14-week 2-methylimidazole studies. Compared to the controls, the mean body weights were significantly decreased in groups of male rats and mice exposed to 2,500 ppm or greater and in 5,000 and 10,000 ppm female rats and mice. In rats, 2-methylimidazole induced a transient erythrocytosis in females and a minimal, exposure concentration-related, microcytic, normochromic, nonresponsive anemia. 2-Methylimidazole increased thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations and decreased thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations of male and female rats in an exposure concentration-related manner. 2-Methylimidazole induced a mild to moderate, exposure concentration-related, macrocytic, hyperchromic, responsive anemia in mice. Triiodothyronine concentrations were increased in exposed male and female mice, and thyroxine concentrations were decreased in exposed females. Relative to the control groups, clinical chemistry evaluations on day 29 and at week 14 identified decreases in alanine aminotransferase concentrations and total protein and albumin concentrations of rats. In the 2-methylimidazole studies, absolute spleen weights were significantly increased in all exposed groups of male rats. The heart and liver weights were increased in all exposed groups of male mice, as were the spleen weights of female mice exposed to 2,500 ppm or greater. Spermatid heads per testis and mean spermatid count were significantly decreased in 10,000 ppm male rats. The estrous cycle of 10,000 ppm female rats was significantly increased. Gross pathology observations included enlarged thyroid glands, small uteri, and mottled spleen in 5,000 and 10,000 ppm mice. The incidences of diffuse follicular cell hyperplasia of the thyroid gland were significantly increased in male rats exposed to 1,250 ppm or greater and female rats exposed to 2,500 ppm or greater. The incidence of testicular degeneration was significantly increased in 10,000 ppm male rats, and two males in the 10,000 ppm group had follicular cell adenoma of the thyroid gland. In mice, there were generally significant increases in the incidences of follicular cell hypertrophy of the thyroid gland, hematopoietic cell proliferation of the spleen, and hemosiderin pigmentation of the renal tubule in males exposed to 1,250 ppm or greater and females exposed to 2,500 ppm or greater. In the 14-week 4-methylimidazole studies, one 10,000 ppm male mouse was found dead during week 4, and seven 10,000 ppm female mice were found dead during weeks 1 and 2. Mean body weights were significantly less than those of the controls for male rats exposed to 2,500 ppm or greater, 5,000 and 10,000 ppm female rats, male mice exposed to 1,250 ppm or greater, and all exposed groups of female mice. Reduced feed consumption was observed in 5,000 and 10,000 ppm male and female rats. Clinical findings included nasal/eye discharge, ruffled fur, thinness, ataxia, and abnormal breathing in rats, and ruffled fur and dull coats in female mice. On days 29 and 82, functional observations in 5,000 and 10,000 ppm rats included labored or increased respiration, mild tremors, walking on tiptoes, hunched posture, piloerection, crouching over, impaired coordination of movement, ataxia, and pupillary constriction. 4-Methylimidazole induced a transient erythrocytosis and a minimal, exposure concentration-related, microcytic, normochromic, nonresponsive anemia in male and female rats. Clinical chemistry evaluations generally showed a cholestatic effect in exposed male and female rats. At week 14, there was a significant decrease in total protein and albumin concentrations of female rats exposed to 5,000 or 10,000 ppm. In mice, 4-methylimidazole induced a macrocytic, hyperchromic, responsive anemia and, particularly in males, increases in triiododthyronine concentrations and transient decreases in thyroxine concentrations. In the 4-methylimidazole studies, the liver weights of male rats exposed to 2,500 ppm or greater were significantly increased; spleen weights of female rats exposed to 2,500 ppm or greater were decreased. The absolute liver weight was decreased in 10,000 ppm male mice, and relative weights were significantly increased in all exposed groups of mice. In female mice, there was a significant decrease in the absolute weights and increase in the relative weights of the heart, right kidney, and liver in groups exposed to 2,500 ppm or greater. The epididymal spermatozoal concentration was significantly increased in 5,000 ppm male rats. Gross pathology observations included pale livers in male rats exposed to 2,500 ppm or greater and small testes and uteri in 10,000 ppm male and female rats. Microscopic analysis identified significantly increased incidences of cytoplasmic hepatocyte vacuolization of the liver of male rats exposed to 2,500 ppm or greater and 10,000 ppm female rats, hypospermia of the epididymis in 10,000 ppm male rats, atrophy and inflammation of the prostate gland in 10,000 ppm male rats, and degeneration of the testes in 5,000 and 10,000 ppm male rats. 2-Methylimidazole and 4-methylimidazole were negative in the S. typhimurium mutation assay when tested in strains TA97, TA98, TA100, and TA1535, with and without S9 activation enzymes. Testing of 2-methylimidazole in vivo for induction of chromosomal damage, as measured by micronucleated erythrocyte frequency, produced mixed results. When administered by intraperitoneal injection three times at 24-hour intervals, 2-methylimidazole produced negative results in bone marrow micronucleus tests in rats and mice. However, in the 14-week study of 2-methylimidazole, a significant exposure-related increase in the frequency of micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes was noted in peripheral blood of male and female mice. In vivo, 4-methylimidazole produced uniformly negative results in three-injection bone marrow micronucleus tests in rats and mice and in 14-week peripheral blood micronucleus tests in male and female mice. JF - Toxicity report series AU - Chan, P C AU - National Toxicology Program, US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health AD - National Toxicology Program, US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 1 EP - G12 IS - 67 SN - 1521-4621, 1521-4621 KW - Imidazoles KW - 0 KW - 4-methylimidazole KW - Q64GF9FV4I KW - 2-methylimidazole KW - T0049Z45LZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Mice KW - Organ Size KW - Rats KW - Body Weight KW - Eating KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Diet KW - Time Factors KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Quality Control KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- physiology KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- ultrastructure KW - Female KW - Male KW - Imidazoles -- pharmacokinetics KW - Imidazoles -- toxicity KW - Imidazoles -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71923473?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicity+report+series&rft.atitle=NTP+technical+report+on+the+toxicity+studies+of+2-+and+4-Methylimidazole+%28CAS+No.+693-98-1+and+822-36-6%29+administered+in+feed+to+F344%2FN+rats+and+B6C3F1+mice.&rft.au=Chan%2C+P+C%3BNational+Toxicology+Program%2C+US+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services%2C+Public+Health+Service%2C+National+Institutes+of+Health&rft.aulast=Chan&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=67&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicity+report+series&rft.issn=15214621&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A pilot study of reference vibrotactile perception thresholds on the fingertip obtained with Malaysian healthy people using ISO 13091-1 equipment. AN - 71904107; 15128168 AB - The purpose of this paper is to clarify the reference vibrotactile perception thresholds (VPT) for healthy people in Malaysia. The measurement equipment standard, ISO 13091-1, of the vibrotactile perception thresholds for the assessment of nerve dysfunction and the analysis and interpretation of measurements at the fingertips standard, ISO 13091-2, were published in ISO/TC108/SC4/WG8 on 2001 and 2003 individually. In the ISO 13091-2 standard, the reference VPT data were obtained from few research papers. Malaysian people's VPT data don't include to this standard. In Malaysia, when the VPT is using to diagnose of the hand-arm vibration syndrome, the reference VPT data need to compare with the worker's ones. But, Malaysia does not have the reference VPT data yet. So, in this paper, the VPT was measured by using ISO 13091-1 standard equipment to obtain the reference data for Malaysian people. And these data were compared with the ISO reference data on the ISO 13091-2 standard. From the comparison of these data, it was clear that the Malaysian healthy people's VPT data were consistent with the reference data of the ISO 13091-2 standard. JF - Industrial health AU - Daud, Roshada AU - Maeda, Setsuo AU - Kameel, Nur Nazmin Mustafa AU - Ripin, Muhamad Yunus AU - Bakrun, Norazman AU - Md Zein, Raemy AU - Kido, Masaharu AU - Higuchi, Kiyotaka AD - Ergonomics Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Lot 1, Jalan 15/1, Section 15, 43650 Bandar Baru Bangl, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 189 EP - 195 VL - 42 IS - 2 SN - 0019-8366, 0019-8366 KW - Index Medicus KW - Reference Values KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Malaysia KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Pilot Projects KW - Middle Aged KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Male KW - Female KW - Touch -- physiology KW - Vibration KW - Sensory Thresholds -- physiology KW - Neurologic Examination -- instrumentation KW - Neurologic Examination -- standards KW - Fingers -- physiology KW - Neurologic Examination -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71904107?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industrial+health&rft.atitle=A+pilot+study+of+reference+vibrotactile+perception+thresholds+on+the+fingertip+obtained+with+Malaysian+healthy+people+using+ISO+13091-1+equipment.&rft.au=Daud%2C+Roshada%3BMaeda%2C+Setsuo%3BKameel%2C+Nur+Nazmin+Mustafa%3BRipin%2C+Muhamad+Yunus%3BBakrun%2C+Norazman%3BMd+Zein%2C+Raemy%3BKido%2C+Masaharu%3BHiguchi%2C+Kiyotaka&rft.aulast=Daud&rft.aufirst=Roshada&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=189&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Industrial+health&rft.issn=00198366&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing estrogenic activity of pyrethroid insecticides using in vitro combination assays. AN - 71887190; 15118252 AB - Pyrethroid insecticides are among the most commonly used classes of insecticides worldwide, but their endocrine disrupting activities remain unclear. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the estrogenic activities of pyrethroid insecticides in E-screen and competition binding assays. In addition, we measured estrogen receptor (ER) protein and pS2 mRNA levels in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 BUS) to clarify the mechanism of their estrogenicity. Seven pyrethroid insecticides (bioallethrine, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, permethrin, sumithrin, and tetramethrin) were tested because of their worldwide usage. In addition, 17beta-estradiol was tested as a positive control. As expected, 17beta-estradiol significantly increased MCF-7 BUS cell proliferation at concentrations of 10(-11) M and above. Of the pyrethroid insecticides tested, only sumithrin increased MCF-7 BUS cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner; the maximum induction of cell proliferation was observed at a dose of 10(-5) M. In the anti-estrogenic activity test, bioallethrin, fenvalerate, and permethrin significantly inhibited 17beta-estradiol-induced MCF-7 BUS cell proliferation at 10(-6) M, a concentration comparable to the effective dose (10(-9) M) of ICI 182,780, a pure ER antagonist. However, none of the pyrethroid insecticides competitively inhibited the binding of [(3)H]estradiol to rat uterus ERs in competition binding assays. Both 17beta-estradiol (10(-10) M) and sumithrin (10(-5) M) decreased the levels of cytosolic ERalpha and ERbeta protein expression significantly as compared with the vehicle control. In addition, 17beta-estradiol (10(-10) M) increased pS2 mRNA expression markedly, and sumithrin significantly increased pS2 mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. The other six compounds tested in the present study did not affect ER protein levels or pS2 mRNA levels. These results suggest that certain pyrethroid insecticides may be considered to be estrogen-like chemicals that act through pathways other than direct ER binding, and may function as endocrine modulators in both wildlife and humans. JF - The Journal of reproduction and development AU - Kim, In Young AU - Shin, Jae Ho AU - Kim, Hyung Sik AU - Lee, Su Jung AU - Kang, Il Hyun AU - Kim, Tae Sung AU - Moon, Hyun Ju AU - Choi, Kwang Sik AU - Moon, Aree AU - Han, Soon Young AD - Endocrine Toxicology Division, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 245 EP - 255 VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0916-8818, 0916-8818 KW - Estrogen Receptor alpha KW - 0 KW - Estrogen Receptor beta KW - Estrogens KW - Insecticides KW - Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Estrogen KW - TFF1 protein, human KW - Trefoil Factor-1 KW - Tumor Suppressor Proteins KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Receptors, Estrogen -- metabolism KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Ovary -- metabolism KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Blotting, Western KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Binding, Competitive KW - Models, Chemical KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Estrogens -- metabolism KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71887190?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+reproduction+and+development&rft.atitle=Assessing+estrogenic+activity+of+pyrethroid+insecticides+using+in+vitro+combination+assays.&rft.au=Kim%2C+In+Young%3BShin%2C+Jae+Ho%3BKim%2C+Hyung+Sik%3BLee%2C+Su+Jung%3BKang%2C+Il+Hyun%3BKim%2C+Tae+Sung%3BMoon%2C+Hyun+Ju%3BChoi%2C+Kwang+Sik%3BMoon%2C+Aree%3BHan%2C+Soon+Young&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=In&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=245&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+reproduction+and+development&rft.issn=09168818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of capillary earlobe and venous blood monitoring for occupational lead surveillance. AN - 71834881; 15085080 AB - Biological monitoring for occupational lead exposure involves routine venous blood draws from exposed employees. This uncomfortable procedure normally yields more blood than what is needed for analysis. Capillary blood sampling is less invasive but introduces the possibility of surface contamination. The objective of this study was to compare venous and capillary (earlobe) blood lead samples obtained from occupationally exposed individuals. Phlebotomists trained specifically in the collection of blood samples for lead determination collected 2 venous blood samples and 2 capillary earlobe samples from each participating employee. Before the capillary draw, the employee's earlobe was cleansed with an alcohol wipe in an effort to remove potential lead contamination. A second alcohol wipe was then used to sanitize the lancing area and was retained for lead analysis. Both the venous and capillary samples were subsequently analyzed with the use of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). GFAAS of venous blood specimens was considered the reference method of sampling and analysis. We collected and analyzed 126 paired earlobe and venous samples. Earlobe sampling was preferred to venous sampling by 54% of the employees surveyed. The mean difference between the capillary and venous results was 38.8 +/- 48.1 microg/dL. Lead concentrations in earlobe blood were more than twice those found in venous samples in more than half of the samples (64 of 126). Despite simple cleansing with an alcohol wipe and no visible skin contamination, 94% of the wipe samples from earlobes contained more than 1 microg of lead. Even low concentrations of contamination can significantly alter the concentration of lead in the blood; for example, sample contamination of 0.3 microg lead in a 200-microL blood sample would yield an increase of 150 microg/dL in the measured lead concentration. The findings of this study suggest that until satisfactory skin cleansing and decontamination techniques are identified and evaluated, earlobe sampling should be avoided in the surveillance of occupational blood lead levels. JF - The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine AU - Taylor, Lauralynn AU - Jones, Robert L AU - Ashley, Kevin AU - Deddens, James A AU - Kwan, Lorna AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/DHHS, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. LTaylor@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 217 EP - 224 VL - 143 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2143, 0022-2143 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Ear, External -- blood supply KW - Capillaries -- drug effects KW - Adult KW - Male KW - Female KW - Capillaries -- physiology KW - Occupational Health KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Lead Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Blood Specimen Collection -- methods KW - Lead Poisoning -- diagnosis KW - Population Surveillance -- methods KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Lead -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71834881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+laboratory+and+clinical+medicine&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+capillary+earlobe+and+venous+blood+monitoring+for+occupational+lead+surveillance.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Lauralynn%3BJones%2C+Robert+L%3BAshley%2C+Kevin%3BDeddens%2C+James+A%3BKwan%2C+Lorna&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Lauralynn&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=143&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=217&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+laboratory+and+clinical+medicine&rft.issn=00222143&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The opioid antagonist naltrexone reduces the reinforcing effects of Delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in squirrel monkeys. AN - 71832148; 14668977 AB - Experimental evidence from animal studies suggests reciprocal functional interactions between endogenous brain cannabinoid and opioid systems. There is recent evidence for a role of the opioid system in the modulation of the reinforcing effects of synthetic cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists in rodents. Since Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the natural psychoactive ingredient in marijuana, is actively and persistently self-administered by squirrel monkeys, this provides an opportunity to directly study involvement of opioid systems in the reinforcing effects of THC in non-human primates. To study the effects of naltrexone, an opioid antagonist, on THC self-administration behavior in squirrel monkeys. Monkeys pressed a lever for intravenous injections of THC under a ten-response, fixed-ratio (FR) schedule with a 60-s time-out after each injection. Effects of pre-session treatment with naltrexone (0.03-0.3 mg/kg intramuscularly, 15 min before session) for 5 consecutive days on self-administration of different doses of THC (2-8 microg/kg per injection) were studied. Self-administration responding for THC was significantly reduced by pretreatment with 0.1 mg/kg naltrexone for five consecutive daily sessions. Naltrexone pretreatment had no significant effect on cocaine self-administration responding under identical conditions. Self-administration behavior under a fixed-ratio schedule of intravenous THC injection was markedly reduced by daily pre-session treatment with naltrexone, but remained above saline self-administration levels. These findings demonstrate for the first time the modulation of the reinforcing effects of THC by an opioid antagonist in a non-human primate model of marijuana abuse. JF - Psychopharmacology AU - Justinova, Zuzana AU - Tanda, Gianluigi AU - Munzar, Patrik AU - Goldberg, Steven R AD - Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 186 EP - 194 VL - 173 IS - 1-2 SN - 0033-3158, 0033-3158 KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic KW - 0 KW - Anesthetics, Local KW - Narcotic Antagonists KW - Naltrexone KW - 5S6W795CQM KW - Dronabinol KW - 7J8897W37S KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Saimiri KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Self Administration KW - Reinforcement Schedule KW - Anesthetics, Local -- pharmacology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Cocaine -- pharmacology KW - Male KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic -- pharmacology KW - Dronabinol -- pharmacology KW - Reinforcement (Psychology) KW - Naltrexone -- pharmacology KW - Narcotic Antagonists -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71832148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=The+opioid+antagonist+naltrexone+reduces+the+reinforcing+effects+of+Delta+9+tetrahydrocannabinol+%28THC%29+in+squirrel+monkeys.&rft.au=Justinova%2C+Zuzana%3BTanda%2C+Gianluigi%3BMunzar%2C+Patrik%3BGoldberg%2C+Steven+R&rft.aulast=Justinova&rft.aufirst=Zuzana&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=186&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology&rft.issn=00333158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Disparities in smoke-free workplace policies among food service workers. AN - 71818160; 15076653 AB - Information is lacking on which groups of workers are protected from job-related environmental tobacco smoke. Data from the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey are analyzed for trends in smoke-free workplace policies among 38 major occupations. Data are also analyzed to determine the degree of compliance with such policies. Although over three fourths of white collar workers are covered by smoke-free policies, including 90% of teachers, just 43% of the country's 6.6 million food preparation and service occupations workers benefit from this level of protection. Compliance with workplace restrictions is not a significant human resources issue because only 3.8% of workers reported that someone violated a smoke-free policy in 1999, down from 4.9% in 1996. Protection for workers is increasing, but those in food preparation and service occupations are significantly less protected than others. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Shopland, Donald R AU - Anderson, Christy M AU - Burns, David M AU - Gerlach, Karen K AD - US Public Health Service, Ringgold, GA, USA. reedonald@aol.com Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 347 EP - 356 VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Guideline Adherence KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Occupations KW - Male KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Workplace KW - Food Services UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71818160?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Disparities+in+smoke-free+workplace+policies+among+food+service+workers.&rft.au=Shopland%2C+Donald+R%3BAnderson%2C+Christy+M%3BBurns%2C+David+M%3BGerlach%2C+Karen+K&rft.aulast=Shopland&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of genetic polymorphisms in metabolism of carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines. AN - 71813578; 15078194 AB - More than twenty heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) have been identified in grilled meats, fish, poultry, and tobacco smoke condensate. HAAs are carcinogens and induce tumors at multiple sites in experimental laboratory animals. Because of the widespread occurrence of HAAs in foods, these chemicals may contribute to the etiology of several common human cancers that are associated with frequent consumption of grilled meats including colon, rectum, prostate, and breast. HAAs require metabolism in order to exert their genotoxic effects. Metabolic activation occurs by N-hydroxylation, a reaction catalyzed by cytochromes p450 (CYP). Some N-hydroxy-HAA metabolites may directly react with DNA, but further metabolism by N-acetyltransferases (NATs) or sulfotransferases (SULTs) may occur to form highly reactive N-acetoxy or N-sulfonyloxy esters that readily react with DNA bases. The N-acetoxy ester of the HAA 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) is detoxified by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), which catalyze the reduction of the reactive intermediate back to the parent amine. Some HAAs also undergo detoxification through conjugation reactions with the phase II enzymes such as UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) or SULTs to form stable, polar products that are readily eliminated. All of these xenobiotic metabolism enzyme systems (XMEs) display common genetic polymorphisms, which may affect protein expression, protein stability, catalytic activity, and thus, the biological potency of these procarcinogens. In this review, the roles of common genetic polymorphisms of XMEs involved in HAA metabolism and cancer risk are discussed. JF - Current drug metabolism AU - Turesky, R J AD - Division of Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. RTuresky@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 169 EP - 180 VL - 5 IS - 2 SN - 1389-2002, 1389-2002 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Heterocyclic Compounds KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Xenobiotics KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Neoplasms -- enzymology KW - Xenobiotics -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Food Handling KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Xenobiotics -- chemistry KW - Heterocyclic Compounds -- metabolism KW - Environmental Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Heterocyclic Compounds -- chemistry KW - Amines -- metabolism KW - Amines -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71813578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+drug+metabolism&rft.atitle=The+role+of+genetic+polymorphisms+in+metabolism+of+carcinogenic+heterocyclic+aromatic+amines.&rft.au=Turesky%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Turesky&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=169&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+drug+metabolism&rft.issn=13892002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Symptoms, respirator use, and pulmonary function changes among New York City firefighters responding to the World Trade Center disaster. AN - 71813360; 15078732 AB - New York City firefighters responding to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster on September 11, 2001, were exposed to numerous hazards. A medical screening program was conducted 3 weeks after the disaster on a sample of firefighters. To determine whether arrival time at the WTC and other exposure variables (including respirator use) were associated with symptoms and changes in pulmonary function (after exposure - before exposure). A cross-sectional comparison of firefighters representing the following groups: (1) firefighters who arrived before/during the WTC collapse, (2) firefighters who arrived 1 to 2 days after the collapse, (3) firefighters who arrived 3 to 7 days after the collapse, and (4) unexposed firefighters. Fire Department of New York City (FDNY) Bureau of Health Services on October 1 to 5, 2001. A stratified random sample of 362 of 398 recruited working firefighters (91%). Of these, 149 firefighters (41%) were present at the WTC collapse, 142 firefighters (39%) arrived after the collapse but within 48 h, 28 firefighters (8%) arrived 3 to 7 days after the collapse, and 43 firefighters (12%) were unexposed. New/worsening symptoms involving the eyes, skin, respiratory system, and nose and throat (NT), and changes in spirometry from before to after exposure. During the first 2 weeks at the WTC site, 19% of study firefighters reported not using a respirator; 50% reported using a respirator but only rarely. Prevalence ratios (PRs) for skin, eye, respiratory, and NT symptoms showed a dose-response pattern between exposure groups based on time of arrival at the WTC site, with PRs between 2.6 and 11.4 with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) excluding 1.0 for all but skin symptoms. For those spending > 7 days at the site, the PR for respiratory symptoms was 1.32 (95% CI, 1.13 to 1.55), compared with those who were exposed for or= 450 mL in FEV(1) in those arriving during the first 48 h compared to the referent (p 100 degrees C increase in organic modified layered silicate thermal stability. Using mass spectrometry and thermal and electrochemical analysis, N,N-dimethyl-N,N-dioctadecyl quaternary ammonium-modified montmorillonite and fluorinated synthetic mica were found to degrade primarily through elimination and nucleophilic attack by these anions. The nature of residual bromides was identified and quantified, and the efficiency of removing these anions was found to be solvent dependent; sequential extraction, first ethanol then tetrahydrofuran, gave the best results. This exhaustive extraction method represents a viable alternative to the use of expensive, more thermally stable oniumion treatments for layered silicates. JF - Clays and Clay Minerals AU - Davis, Rick D AU - Gilman, Jeffrey W AU - Sutto, Thomas E AU - Callahan, John H AU - Trulove, Paul C AU - de Long, Hugh C Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 171 EP - 179 PB - Clay Minerals Society, Clarkson, NY VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0009-8604, 0009-8604 KW - silicates KW - biodegradation KW - anions KW - ammonium KW - experimental studies KW - clay mineralogy KW - thermal properties KW - stability KW - electrochemical properties KW - nanocomposite KW - clay minerals KW - chemical properties KW - sheet silicates KW - mixed-layer minerals KW - thermodynamic properties KW - TGA data KW - geochemistry KW - synthetic materials KW - montmorillonite KW - 06A:Sedimentary petrology KW - 02C:Geochemistry of rocks, soils, and sediments UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51824204?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.atitle=Improved+thermal+stability+of+organically+modified+layered+silicates&rft.au=Davis%2C+Rick+D%3BGilman%2C+Jeffrey+W%3BSutto%2C+Thomas+E%3BCallahan%2C+John+H%3BTrulove%2C+Paul+C%3Bde+Long%2C+Hugh+C&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clays+and+Clay+Minerals&rft.issn=00098604&rft_id=info:doi/10.1346%2FCCMN.2004.0520203 L2 - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cms/ccm LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 11 N1 - PubXState - NY N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - CLCMAB N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - ammonium; anions; biodegradation; chemical properties; clay mineralogy; clay minerals; electrochemical properties; experimental studies; geochemistry; mixed-layer minerals; montmorillonite; nanocomposite; sheet silicates; silicates; stability; synthetic materials; TGA data; thermal properties; thermodynamic properties DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2004.0520203 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stratigraphy of the Proterozoic Revett Formation and its control on Ag-Pb-Zn vein mineralization in the Coeur d'Alene District, Idaho AN - 51763411; 2005-010392 AB - The Proterozoic Revett Formation hosts most of the mesothermal Ag-Pb-Zn vein ore in the Coeur d'Alene district of N Idaho. The stratigraphy of the Revett Formation and its relationships to ore veins remained poorly known for most of the first 100 yr of mining in this district. In N Idaho and W Montana, the Revett Formation contains informal lower, middle, and upper members. In the Coeur d'Alene district, most ore production S of the regionally significant Osburn fault came from the upper Revett Formation, and N of the fault, most production came from the upper and lower Revett Formation. Where vein structures intersect favourable strata, the veins contain rich ore; where vein structures cross unfavourable strata, they are poorly mineralized or barren. Quartzite is the most favourable host rock for base metal veins, and silicified blocky siltite is the most favourable host rock for silver veins. Both rock types are abundant in the Revett Formation, which accounts for the disproportionately large production from this unit. Stratigraphic thickness and facies changes in the Revett Formation are greatest and most abrupt in the Coeur d'Alene district, indicating that this area was structurally complex during sedimentation. Presumably, this early structural complexity also enhanced subsequent Ag-Pb-Zn mesothermal vein formation. JF - Economic Geology and the Bulletin of the Society of Economic Geologists AU - Mauk, Jeffrey L AU - White, Brian G Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - April 2004 SP - 295 EP - 312 PB - Economic Geology Publishing Company, Lancaster, PA VL - 99 IS - 2 SN - 0361-0128, 0361-0128 KW - United States KW - mineral exploration KW - mineral deposits, genesis KW - mining KW - lithostratigraphy KW - upper Precambrian KW - fluid phase KW - metasomatism KW - silver ores KW - Belt Supergroup KW - metallogeny KW - mining geology KW - movement KW - metamorphic rocks KW - metasedimentary rocks KW - basins KW - mineralization KW - mesothermal processes KW - hydrothermal alteration KW - tectonics KW - faults KW - Osburn Fault KW - Idaho KW - lead ores KW - Precambrian KW - zinc ores KW - structural controls KW - Proterozoic KW - correlation KW - ore bodies KW - veins KW - Montana KW - Mesoproterozoic KW - Coeur d'Alene mining district KW - Revett Quartzite KW - metal ores KW - facies KW - 27A:Economic geology, geology of ore deposits KW - 12:Stratigraphy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51763411?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Geology+and+the+Bulletin+of+the+Society+of+Economic+Geologists&rft.atitle=Stratigraphy+of+the+Proterozoic+Revett+Formation+and+its+control+on+Ag-Pb-Zn+vein+mineralization+in+the+Coeur+d%27Alene+District%2C+Idaho&rft.au=Mauk%2C+Jeffrey+L%3BWhite%2C+Brian+G&rft.aulast=Mauk&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=295&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Economic+Geology+and+the+Bulletin+of+the+Society+of+Economic+Geologists&rft.issn=03610128&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.segweb.org/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. Reference includes data from Mineralogical Abstracts, United Kingdom, Twickenham, United Kingdom N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 72 N1 - PubXState - PA N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 1 table, sketch maps N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - ECGLAL N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - basins; Belt Supergroup; Coeur d'Alene mining district; correlation; facies; faults; fluid phase; hydrothermal alteration; Idaho; lead ores; lithostratigraphy; Mesoproterozoic; mesothermal processes; metal ores; metallogeny; metamorphic rocks; metasedimentary rocks; metasomatism; mineral deposits, genesis; mineral exploration; mineralization; mining; mining geology; Montana; movement; ore bodies; Osburn Fault; Precambrian; Proterozoic; Revett Quartzite; silver ores; structural controls; tectonics; United States; upper Precambrian; veins; zinc ores ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The plug domain of a neisserial TonB-dependent transporter retains structural integrity in the absence of its transmembrane beta -barrel AN - 20636158; 7492204 AB - Transferrin binding protein A (TbpA) is a TonB-dependent outer membrane protein expressed by pathogenic bacteria for iron acquisition from human transferrin. The N-terminal 160 residues (plug domain) of TbpA were overexpressed in both the periplasm and cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. We found this domain to be soluble and monodisperse in solution, exhibiting secondary structure elements found in plug domains of structurally characterized TonB-dependent transporters. Although the TbpA plug domain is apparently correctly folded, we were not able to observe an interaction with human transferrin by isothermal titration calorimetry or nitrocellulose binding assays. These experiments suggest that the plug domain may fold independently of the beta -barrel, but extracellular loops of the beta -barrel are required for ligand binding. JF - FEBS Letters AU - Oke, M AU - Sarra, R AU - Ghirlando, R AU - Farnaud, S AU - Gorringe, A R AU - Evans, R W AU - Buchanan, S K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, skbuchan@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 294 EP - 300 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 564 IS - 3 SN - 0014-5793, 0014-5793 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Transferrin binding protein A KW - Iron transport KW - Human transferrin KW - TonB KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Protein structure KW - Transferrin KW - Pyroxylin KW - outer membrane proteins KW - Cytoplasm KW - Titration KW - Secondary structure KW - Escherichia coli KW - Calorimetry KW - Iron KW - periplasm KW - J 02330:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20636158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+Letters&rft.atitle=The+plug+domain+of+a+neisserial+TonB-dependent+transporter+retains+structural+integrity+in+the+absence+of+its+transmembrane+beta+-barrel&rft.au=Oke%2C+M%3BSarra%2C+R%3BGhirlando%2C+R%3BFarnaud%2C+S%3BGorringe%2C+A+R%3BEvans%2C+R+W%3BBuchanan%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Oke&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=564&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=294&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEBS+Letters&rft.issn=00145793&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2804%2900196-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Protein structure; Pyroxylin; Transferrin; outer membrane proteins; Cytoplasm; Secondary structure; Titration; Calorimetry; periplasm; Iron; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00196-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Automated large-scale purification of a G protein-coupled receptor for neurotensin AN - 19877926; 7492203 AB - Structure determination of integral membrane proteins requires milligram amounts of purified, functional protein on a regular basis. Here, we describe a protocol for the purification of a G protein-coupled neurotensin receptor fusion protein at the 3-mg or 10-mg level using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and a neurotensin column in a fully automated mode. Fermentation at a 200-l scale of Escherichia coli expressing functional receptors provides the material needed to feed into the purification routine. Constructs with tobacco etch virus protease recognition sites at either end of the receptor allow the isolation of neurotensin receptor devoid of its fusion partners. The presented expression and purification procedures are simple and robust, and provide the basis for crystallization experiments of receptors on a routine basis. JF - FEBS Letters AU - White, Jim F AU - Trinh, Loc B AU - Shiloach, Joseph AU - Grisshammer, Reinhard AD - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-8030, USA, rkgriss@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 289 EP - 293 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 564 IS - 3 SN - 0014-5793, 0014-5793 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Large-scale purification KW - G protein-coupled receptor KW - Automation KW - Detergent KW - Neurotensin receptor KW - Crystallization KW - neurotensin receptors KW - Metals KW - Neurotensin KW - Fermentation KW - double prime G protein-coupled receptors KW - protein purification KW - Membrane proteins KW - Affinity chromatography KW - Escherichia coli KW - Tobacco etch virus KW - Proteinase KW - Fusion protein KW - J 02420:Plant Diseases KW - W 30945:Fermentation & Cell Culture KW - V 22310:Genetics, Taxonomy & Structure KW - N3 11145:Methodology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19877926?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEBS+Letters&rft.atitle=Automated+large-scale+purification+of+a+G+protein-coupled+receptor+for+neurotensin&rft.au=White%2C+Jim+F%3BTrinh%2C+Loc+B%3BShiloach%2C+Joseph%3BGrisshammer%2C+Reinhard&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=564&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEBS+Letters&rft.issn=00145793&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0014-5793%2804%2900195-4 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Crystallization; Affinity chromatography; Metals; neurotensin receptors; Neurotensin; double prime G protein-coupled receptors; Fermentation; Proteinase; Membrane proteins; Fusion protein; protein purification; Escherichia coli; Tobacco etch virus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(04)00195-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Seeing into cells AN - 19630195; 7362692 AB - The promise of in vivo molecular imaging in oncology. JF - EMBO Reports AU - Sullivan, Daniel C AU - Kelloff, Gary AD - Daniel C. Sullivan and Gary Kelloff are at the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA., ds274k@nih.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 292 EP - 296. PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 6 IS - 4 SN - 1469-221X, 1469-221X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Reviews KW - Oncology KW - imaging KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19630195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EMBO+Reports&rft.atitle=Seeing+into+cells&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+Daniel+C%3BKelloff%2C+Gary&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=292&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=EMBO+Reports&rft.issn=1469221X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.embor.7400382 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; imaging; Oncology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400382 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - State-dependent action of cocaine on brain temperature and movement activity: implications for movement sensitization AN - 18043807; 5887049 AB - Because neural activity is highly energy consuming and heat producing, brain temperature offers a reliable, real-time measure of an animal's activity state and its changes induced by environmental and drug challenges. Therefore, it allows evaluation of the activity state of an animal preceding drug administration and its relation to subsequent drug-induced neural effects. This approach was used to explore the state dependency of cocaine's effects. Brain and body temperatures, as well as locomotion were measured simultaneously in rats during repeated, daily administration of cocaine (15 mg/kg ip, daily for 5 days) under different experimental conditions. The drug was administered via (a) a chronically implanted catheter in quiet resting conditions, (b) an injection made under quiet rest or (c) an injection under activated conditions associated with placement in the cage. Although brain temperature and movement increased after cocaine administration in each condition, cocaine's action (evaluated as cocaine-saline difference for both parameters) was situational. Catheter- administered cocaine induced the strongest movement activation and robust, monophasic temperature increase, which remained relatively stable following each subsequent drug infusion. Cocaine injected during quiet and, especially, activated conditions, induced a weaker locomotor activation, while the temperature response (evaluated as drug-saline difference) had a biphasic pattern. Cocaine initially inhibited the temperature increases seen in saline- treated animals (0-20 min) and then induced a more prolonged hyperthermia, which was about twofold weaker than that seen after catheter-administered drug. Although movement activation gradually increased following repeated treatment in activated conditions, the magnitude of this sensitized motor response barely reached the levels induced by the initial cocaine administration via catheter. These data suggest that both the acute effects of cocaine in the brain and their change following repeated drug administration are dependent upon the ongoing neural activity state of the animal. Cocaine's interaction with this activity state is a crucial factor determining the behavioral effects of this drug, including state-dependent motor sensitization. JF - Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior AU - Blech-Hermoni, Y AU - Kiyatkin, E A AD - Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, ekiyatki@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 823 EP - 837 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 77 IS - 4 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - rats KW - Animal Behavior Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Temperature effects KW - Hyperthermia KW - Body temperature KW - Brain KW - Behavior KW - Locomotion KW - Motor activity KW - Sensitization KW - Cocaine KW - Y 25777:Mammals (excluding primates) KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18043807?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology+Biochemistry+and+Behavior&rft.atitle=State-dependent+action+of+cocaine+on+brain+temperature+and+movement+activity%3A+implications+for+movement+sensitization&rft.au=Blech-Hermoni%2C+Y%3BKiyatkin%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Blech-Hermoni&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=823&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology+Biochemistry+and+Behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.pbb.2004.02.009 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cocaine; Motor activity; Temperature effects; Brain; Hyperthermia; Body temperature; Sensitization; Locomotion; Behavior DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2004.02.009 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electroencephalographic, behavioral, and c-fos responses to acute domoic acid exposure AN - 18002365; 5932482 AB - Domoic acid, a potent excitotoxic analogue of glutamate and kainate, may cause seizures, amnesia, and sometimes death in humans consuming contaminated shellfish. Continuous behavioral observations and recordings of the electrocorticogram (ECoG, via bipolar, epidural electrodes) were obtained from nonanesthetized rats for 2 h after intraperitoneal injection with either saline, 2.2, or 4.4 mg/kg of domoic acid. Rats were then sacrificed for c-fos immunohistochemistry. Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) of the ECoG data to obtain the voltage as a function of frequency indicated that the lower frequency bands (theta, 4.75-6.75 Hz and delta, 1.25-4.50 Hz) were the first to respond, with a significant elevation by 30 min after the high dose of domoic acid. The lower dose of domoic acid also caused a significant elevation of ECoG voltage, but not until later in the session. Sixty minutes after dosing, the behavioral biomarkers of 'ear scratching' and 'rearing, praying' (RP) seizures became significantly elevated in the high-dose rats. The low-dose rats showed no significant alterations in behavior at any time during the session. In postmortem brains obtained immediately after the sessions, c-fos was activated in the anterior olfactory nucleus by both the low and high doses of domoic acid. However, only the high dose increased c-fos immunoreactivity in the hippocampus, affecting both the granule and pyramidal neurons. These data indicate that electroencephalographic and c-fos responses can be obtained at a dose of domoic acid that fails to activate the behavioral response most commonly used as a bioassay for this marine toxin: ear scratching with the ipsilateral foot. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Scallet, A C AU - Kowalke, P K AU - Rountree, R L AU - Thorn, B T AU - Binienda, Z K AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, USFDA, 3900 NCTR Drive, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, AScallet@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 331 EP - 342 VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Domoic acid KW - Brain KW - c-Fos protein KW - Food contamination KW - Behavior KW - Neurotoxicity KW - EEG KW - Seafood KW - Excitotoxicity KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18002365?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Electroencephalographic%2C+behavioral%2C+and+c-fos+responses+to+acute+domoic+acid+exposure&rft.au=Scallet%2C+A+C%3BKowalke%2C+P+K%3BRountree%2C+R+L%3BThorn%2C+B+T%3BBinienda%2C+Z+K&rft.aulast=Scallet&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=331&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ntt.2003.10.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Seafood; Food contamination; Domoic acid; Neurotoxicity; Excitotoxicity; Behavior; c-Fos protein; EEG; Brain DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2003.10.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Visual contrast sensitivity testing: A comparison of two F.A.C.T. test types AN - 17993938; 5932486 AB - Measures of visual contrast sensitivity (VCS), rather than traditional measures of visual acuity using high-contrast stimuli, have been presented as better appraisals of visual dysfunction resulting from chemical exposures. The present study sought to determine if differences exist between two available measures of contrast sensitivity that use similar stimuli, specifically, a hand-held chart and an Optec 1000 vision tester. Monocular contrast sensitivity measures using both tests were obtained from 45 individuals as part of a NIOSH neurobehavioral test-battery appraisal. Test-retest reliability was found to be high for both the hand-held system and the Optec 1000 test (r=.750 and .773, respectively). In comparison to the automated test, the hand-held version produced statistically significant higher contrast sensitivity scores for lower spatial frequencies (1.5 and 3.0 cycles per degree) and lower scores for a relatively higher spatial frequency (18.0 cycles per degree [cpd]). Consequently, this study documents a difference in spatial frequency scores obtained with the hand-held form and Optec 1000 form of contrast sensitivity test, and attributes these differences to design characteristics affecting viewing. It is concluded that caution should be taken when making absolute comparisons of contrast sensitivity test scores between neurobehavioral studies that have used different forms of VCS testing. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Hitchcock, E M AU - Dick, R B AU - Krieg, E F AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway, MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA, EHitchcock@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 271 EP - 277 PB - Elsevier Inc. VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Sensitivity KW - Visual perception KW - Toxicity testing KW - N3 11101:General KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17993938?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Visual+contrast+sensitivity+testing%3A+A+comparison+of+two+F.A.C.T.+test+types&rft.au=Hitchcock%2C+E+M%3BDick%2C+R+B%3BKrieg%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Hitchcock&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ntt.2003.10.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Toxicity testing; Visual perception; Sensitivity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2003.10.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of a broadly reactive nucleic acid sequence based amplification assay for the detection of noroviruses in faecal material AN - 17986747; 5932657 AB - A recently described nucleic acid sequence based amplification (NASBA) assay for the detection of genogroup I (GI) and genogroup II (GII) norovirus RNA in faecal samples was evaluated against a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Both assays were used to screen a panel of 38 faecal samples known to contain 17 different norovirus strains and 131 clinical samples collected from 60 gastroenteritis outbreaks of unknown aetiology. The NASBA assay detected 13 out of the 17 strains of norovirus in the characterised panel, failing to detect a single GII strain and three GI strains. There was 90% agreement between the two assays used to detect norovirus in clinical samples from outbreaks. NASBA detected norovirus RNA in all 64 samples positive by RT-PCR and also detected norovirus RNA in additional 13 samples that were negative by RT-PCR. The sensitivity and specificity of NASBA was 100% and 80%, respectively, compared to RT-PCR results. The norovirus NASBA assay was shown to be highly sensitive and specific, and its ease of use and rapid turnaround time makes it a favourable alternative to RT-PCR for the investigation of norovirus outbreaks. JF - Journal of Clinical Virology AU - Moore, C AU - Clark, E M AU - Gallimore, C I AU - Corden, SA AU - Gray, J J AU - Westmoreland, D AD - National Public Health Service for Wales Microbiology Cardiff, Specialist Virology Centre, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK, catherine.moore@nphs.wales.nhs.uk Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 290 EP - 296 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 1386-6532, 1386-6532 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Virology & AIDS Abstracts KW - Norovirus KW - norovirus KW - RNA KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Outbreaks KW - Gastroenteritis KW - Feces KW - A 01114:Viruses KW - V 22022:Virus assay UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17986747?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Virology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+a+broadly+reactive+nucleic+acid+sequence+based+amplification+assay+for+the+detection+of+noroviruses+in+faecal+material&rft.au=Moore%2C+C%3BClark%2C+E+M%3BGallimore%2C+C+I%3BCorden%2C+SA%3BGray%2C+J+J%3BWestmoreland%2C+D&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Virology&rft.issn=13866532&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1386-6532%2803%2900170-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - norovirus; Norovirus; Feces; Polymerase chain reaction; RNA; Gastroenteritis; Outbreaks DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1386-6532(03)00170-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fitting Characteristics of Eighteen N95 Filtering-Facepiece Respirators AN - 17958618; 5893875 AB - Four performance measures were used to evaluate the fitting characteristics of 18 models of N95 filtering-facepiece respirators: (1) the 5th percentile simulated workplace protection factor (SWPF) value, (2) the shift average SWPF value, (3) the h-value, and (4) the assignment error. The effect of fit-testing on the level of protection provided by the respirators was also evaluated. The respirators were tested on a panel of 25 subjects with various face sizes. Simulated workplace protection factor values, determined from six total penetration (face-seal leakage plus filter penetration) tests with re-donning between each test, were used to indicate respirator performance. Five fit-tests were used: Bitrex, saccharin, generated aerosol corrected for filter penetration, PortaCount registered Plus corrected for filter penetration, and the PortaCount Plus with the N95-Companion accessory. Without fit-testing, the 5th percentile SWPF for all models combined was 2.9 with individual model values ranging from 1.3 to 48.0. Passing a fit-test generally resulted in an increase in protection. In addition, the h-value of each respirator was computed. The h-value has been determined to be the population fraction of individuals who will obtain an adequate level of protection (i.e., SWPF greater than or equal to 10, which is the expected level of protection for half-facepiece respirators) when a respirator is selected and donned (including a user seal check) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions without fit-testing. The h-value for all models combined was 0.74 (i.e., 74% of all donnings resulted in an adequate level of protection), with individual model h-values ranging from 0.31 to 0.99. Only three models had h-values above 0.95. Higher SWPF values were achieved by excluding SWPF values determined for test subject/respirator combinations that failed a fit-test. The improvement was greatest for respirator models with lower h-values. Using the concepts of shift average and assignment error to measure respirator performance yielded similar results. The highest level of protection was provided by passing a fit-test with a respirator having good fitting characteristics. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene AU - Coffey, C C AU - Lawrence, R B AU - Campbell, D L AU - Zhuang, Z AU - Calvert, CA AU - Jensen, P A AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA, ccoffey@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 262 EP - 271 VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1545-9624, 1545-9624 KW - fit-testing KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Occupational safety KW - Respirators KW - Protective equipment KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17958618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Fitting+Characteristics+of+Eighteen+N95+Filtering-Facepiece+Respirators&rft.au=Coffey%2C+C+C%3BLawrence%2C+R+B%3BCampbell%2C+D+L%3BZhuang%2C+Z%3BCalvert%2C+CA%3BJensen%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Coffey&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=262&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=15459624&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15459620490433799 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Protective equipment; Respirators DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620490433799 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Riboprint analysis of Listeria monocytogenes isolates obtained by FDA from 1999 to 2003 AN - 17955549; 5897784 AB - Listeria monocytogenes is a widespread human and animal pathogen. Despite the potential value of ribotyping for tracking patterns of strain distribution in Listeria monocytogenes, the application of this technology for this species has been limited to sets of isolates that are linked either by epidemiology, geography, or food type. To broadly characterize the population structure of L. monocytogenes, automated ribotyping was carried out on a large set of unrelated isolates obtained by the US FDA from late 1999 to early 2003. The results showed the widespread occurrence of a few strains, and no indication of geographic or food-related stratification. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Gendel, S M AD - Biotechnology Studies Branch, Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, 6502 S Archer Rd, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 187 EP - 191 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - DNA fingerprinting KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Typing KW - Food KW - Ribosomes KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17955549?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Riboprint+analysis+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+isolates+obtained+by+FDA+from+1999+to+2003&rft.au=Gendel%2C+S+M&rft.aulast=Gendel&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=187&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0740-0020%2803%2900054-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Ribosomes; Typing; DNA fingerprinting; Food DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0740-0020(03)00054-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A 12-Base-Pair Deletion in the Flagellar Master Control Gene flhC Causes Nonmotility of the Pathogenic German Sorbitol-Fermenting Escherichia coli O157:H super(-) Strains AN - 17933869; 5869079 AB - An atypical, Stx2-producing, pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H super(-) strain has been isolated with increasing frequency from hemolytic uremic syndrome patients in Germany. The lack of the H7 antigen coupled with the strain's ability to ferment sorbitol and express beta -glucuronidase have complicated its detection and identification. In this study, we have determined that the loss of motility in these German sorbitol-fermenting (SF) O157 strains is due to a 12-bp in-frame deletion in flhC that is required for transcriptional activation of genes involved in flagellum biosynthesis. Either complementation with a functional flhC or repair of this mutation restored H7 antigen expression and motility. PCR analysis of several nonmotile E. coli O157 strains from various geographical sources confirmed that the 12-bp flhC deletion is found only in the cluster of German SF O157 strains, providing a potentially useful marker by which these atypical strains can be identified. The loss of motility via mutations in the flhDC operon that we observed in the German SF O157 strains is consistent with a similar phenomenon currently observed in a significant subset of other important gram-negative pathogens. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Monday AU - Minnich, SA AU - Feng, PCH AD - HFS-516, FDA, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740-3835, pfeng@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 2319 EP - 2327 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 186 IS - 8 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - H7 antigen KW - flhC gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Clinical isolates KW - Fermentation KW - Sorbitol KW - Mutants KW - Motility KW - Hemolytic uremic syndrome KW - Escherichia coli KW - Germany KW - Flagella KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17933869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=A+12-Base-Pair+Deletion+in+the+Flagellar+Master+Control+Gene+flhC+Causes+Nonmotility+of+the+Pathogenic+German+Sorbitol-Fermenting+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH+super%28-%29+Strains&rft.au=Monday%3BMinnich%2C+SA%3BFeng%2C+PCH&rft.aulast=Monday&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=186&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJB.186.8.2319-2327.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; Germany; Flagella; Motility; Mutants; Clinical isolates; Hemolytic uremic syndrome; Sorbitol; Fermentation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.186.8.2319-2327.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of a Protein Biomarker Unique to the Pandemic O3:K6 Clone of Vibrio parahaemolyticus AN - 17933650; 5873734 AB - The present method of characterizing Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains involves serotyping or detection methods based on assessment of the presence or absence of genes thought to be markers of an organism's pathogenicity. It is unclear whether these assays detect all pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains since a clear correlation between the presence of a particular gene and the organism's pathogenicity has not yet been observed. We have described a proteomics-based method to distinguish individual V. parahaemolyticus strains on the basis of their protein profiles and identified a specific protein that is characteristic of the pandemic O3:K6 strain and its clonal derivatives. In the pandemic clone of V. parahaemolyticus, a histone-like DNA-binding protein, HU- alpha , has a C-terminal amino acid sequence different from those of other strains of V. parahaemolyticus. Upon further study, it was discovered that the gene encoding this protein has a 16-kbp insert at the 3' terminus of the open reading frame for this protein. By using the protein sequence of the unique biomarker for the pandemic clone of V. parahaemolyticus, it was possible to rationally design specific PCR-based probes and assays that permit the rapid and precise identification of pandemic strains of V. parahaemolyticus. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Williams, T L AU - Musser, S M AU - Nordstrom, J L AU - DePaola, A AU - Monday AD - Instrumentation and Biophysics Branch, Food and Drug Administration, HFS- 717, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740-3835 Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 1657 EP - 1665 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 42 IS - 4 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Histones KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus KW - DNA-binding protein KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - biomarkers KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17933650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+a+Protein+Biomarker+Unique+to+the+Pandemic+O3%3AK6+Clone+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus&rft.au=Williams%2C+T+L%3BMusser%2C+S+M%3BNordstrom%2C+J+L%3BDePaola%2C+A%3BMonday&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1657&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.42.4.1657-1665.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Histones; DNA-binding protein; Polymerase chain reaction; biomarkers; Vibrio parahaemolyticus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.4.1657-1665.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - What is prescription labeling communicating to doctors about hepatotoxic drugs? A study of FDA approved product labeling AN - 17425401; 6539201 AB - Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the informativeness and consistency of product labeling of hepatotoxic drugs marketed in the United States. Methods We searched the Physicians' Desk Reference - 2000 for prescription drugs with hepatic failure and/or hepatic necrosis listed in the labeling. We used a six-item checklist to evaluate the `informativeness' and consistency of the labeling content. An informativeness score equaled the proportion of checklist items present in each drug's labeling. Results Ninety-five prescription drugs were included in the study. Eleven (12%) of the drugs had information related to hepatic failure in a Black Boxed Warning, 52 (54%) in the Warnings section and 32 (34%) in the Adverse Reactions section of the label. The mean informativeness score was 35%; the score was significantly higher, 61%, when the risk was perceived to be high. The informativeness of labeling was not affected by the time of the labeling, but differed across the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Review Division responsible for the labeling. Conclusions The information provided in labeling is variable and affected by many factors, including the perceived level of risk and review division strategy. Product labeling may benefit from current FDA initiatives to improve the consistency of risk-related labeling. JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety AU - Willy, ME AU - Li, Z AD - Office of Drug Safety, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Ln., HFD-440, Room 15B-18, Rockville, MD 20857, USA, WillyM@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/04// PY - 2004 DA - Apr 2004 SP - 201 EP - 206 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1053-8569, 1053-8569 KW - labeling KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - USA KW - Communications KW - Reviews KW - Liver KW - FDA KW - Toxicity KW - Drugs KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17425401?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+Drug+Safety&rft.atitle=What+is+prescription+labeling+communicating+to+doctors+about+hepatotoxic+drugs%3F+A+study+of+FDA+approved+product+labeling&rft.au=Willy%2C+ME%3BLi%2C+Z&rft.aulast=Willy&rft.aufirst=ME&rft.date=2004-04-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+Drug+Safety&rft.issn=10538569&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpds.856 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Communications; Reviews; FDA; Liver; Toxicity; Drugs; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pds.856 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mouse neurotoxicity test for vaccinia-based smallpox vaccines. AN - 71800403; 15063573 AB - The only US FDA licensed smallpox vaccine, Dryvax, was associated with rare but serious neurological adverse events. After smallpox was eradicated in the United States, mass vaccination ceased in 1971. As counter-bioterrorism/biowarfare measures, new smallpox vaccines are now being investigated. However, there are no established pre-clinical neurotoxicity assays with which to evaluate these new vaccines prior to licensure. Here we report the development and initial characterization of a small animal neurotoxicity assay for vaccinia-based smallpox vaccines using Dryvax virus as a reference vaccine strain and the neuroadapted Western Reserve (WR) strain as a neurotoxic positive control. In neonatally inoculated mice, the WR strain produced significantly greater and more rapid onset of mortality than the Dryvax vaccine reference. Expression of virus antigen in neural cells and infectious virus replication in the brain was also significantly different between the two strains. In addition, the appearance of high titer virus antibody correlated with the clearance of virus from brain. With further validation, this assay incorporating a licensed vaccine reference standard and positive control strain may provide important pre-clinical neurotoxicity data on new vaccinia-based smallpox vaccine strains. JF - Vaccine AU - Li, Zhongqi AU - Rubin, Steven A AU - Taffs, Rolf E AU - Merchlinsky, Michael AU - Ye, Zhiping AU - Carbone, Kathryn M AD - Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, OD/Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, HFM-460, Bldg. 29B, Room 5NN22, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/03/29/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 29 SP - 1486 EP - 1493 VL - 22 IS - 11-12 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Viral KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein KW - Smallpox Vaccine KW - Index Medicus KW - Virus Replication KW - Animals KW - Viral Plaque Assay KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect KW - Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein -- metabolism KW - Brain -- virology KW - Mice KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Antibodies, Viral -- analysis KW - Antibodies, Viral -- biosynthesis KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Myelin Sheath -- pathology KW - Antigens, Viral -- immunology KW - Brain -- pathology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Survival Analysis KW - Brain Chemistry -- physiology KW - Vaccinia virus -- immunology KW - Vaccinia -- complications KW - Nervous System Diseases -- etiology KW - Vaccinia -- virology KW - Nervous System Diseases -- virology KW - Vaccinia -- pathology KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- immunology KW - Smallpox Vaccine -- adverse effects KW - Nervous System Diseases -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71800403?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Mouse+neurotoxicity+test+for+vaccinia-based+smallpox+vaccines.&rft.au=Li%2C+Zhongqi%3BRubin%2C+Steven+A%3BTaffs%2C+Rolf+E%3BMerchlinsky%2C+Michael%3BYe%2C+Zhiping%3BCarbone%2C+Kathryn+M&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Zhongqi&rft.date=2004-03-29&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=1486&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Latex allergen Hev b 5 is a multivalent antigen AN - 39850075; 3841350 AU - Beezhold, D H AU - Hickey, V L AU - Sutherland, M F AU - O'Hehir, R E Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39850075?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Latex+allergen+Hev+b+5+is+a+multivalent+antigen&rft.au=Beezhold%2C+D+H%3BHickey%2C+V+L%3BSutherland%2C+M+F%3BO%27Hehir%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Beezhold&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 611 East Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA; phone: 414-272-6071; email: info@aaaai.org; URL: www.aaaai.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - T cell response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) AN - 39847441; 3844119 AU - Chi, B AU - Spann, K M AU - Collins, P L AU - Rabin, R L Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39847441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=T+cell+response+to+respiratory+syncytial+virus+%28RSV%29&rft.au=Chi%2C+B%3BSpann%2C+K+M%3BCollins%2C+P+L%3BRabin%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Chi&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 611 East Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA; phone: 414-272-6071; email: info@aaaai.org; URL: www.aaaai.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Clinical proteomics: Patient tailored therapy and early detection of human malignancies AN - 39844756; 3834677 AU - Petricoin, E Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39844756?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Clinical+proteomics%3A+Patient+tailored+therapy+and+early+detection+of+human+malignancies&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+E&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Spanish National Cancer Centre, Melchor Fernandez Almagro, 3. E-28029 Madrid, Spain; phone: +34 912 246 900; fax: +34 912 246 980; email: oficina@cnio.es; URL: www.cnio.es N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Drug pump multi-drug resistance - Protein 1 (MRP1) is Induced upon T cell activation and its inhibition blocks T cell function AN - 39836400; 3839373 AU - Alston, MA AU - Zhang, J AU - Huang, H AU - Rabin, R L Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39836400?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Drug+pump+multi-drug+resistance+-+Protein+1+%28MRP1%29+is+Induced+upon+T+cell+activation+and+its+inhibition+blocks+T+cell+function&rft.au=Alston%2C+MA%3BZhang%2C+J%3BHuang%2C+H%3BRabin%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Alston&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 611 East Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA; phone: 414-272-6071; email: info@aaaai.org; URL: www.aaaai.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - FDA obesity guidance AN - 39825620; 3840009 AU - Beaston, P Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39825620?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=FDA+obesity+guidance&rft.au=Beaston%2C+P&rft.aulast=Beaston&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASPET, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3995; phone: 301-634-7060; fax: 301-634-7061; email: info@aspet.org; URL: www.aspet.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Neuroimaging as a new approach to preclinical neurotoxicology and neuropharmacology AN - 39817478; 3842006 AU - Slikker, B Jr Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39817478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Neuroimaging+as+a+new+approach+to+preclinical+neurotoxicology+and+neuropharmacology&rft.au=Slikker%2C+B+Jr&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: ASPET, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3995; phone: 301-634-7060; fax: 301-634-7061; email: info@aspet.org; URL: www.aspet.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Endotoxin in dust mite allergen extracts AN - 39814443; 3839685 AU - Valerio, C AU - Murray, P AU - Arlian, L G AU - Slater, JE Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39814443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Endotoxin+in+dust+mite+allergen+extracts&rft.au=Valerio%2C+C%3BMurray%2C+P%3BArlian%2C+L+G%3BSlater%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Valerio&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 611 East Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA; phone: 414-272-6071; email: info@aaaai.org; URL: www.aaaai.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cloning and analysis of mono-specific scFv fragments from chicken to allergenic proteins of Periplaneta americana (American Cockroach) AN - 39802903; 3838564 AU - deVore, N AU - Finlay, W AU - Dobrovolskia, E AU - Gam, A AU - Slater, J Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39802903?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cloning+and+analysis+of+mono-specific+scFv+fragments+from+chicken+to+allergenic+proteins+of+Periplaneta+americana+%28American+Cockroach%29&rft.au=deVore%2C+N%3BFinlay%2C+W%3BDobrovolskia%2C+E%3BGam%2C+A%3BSlater%2C+J&rft.aulast=deVore&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 611 East Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA; phone: 414-272-6071; email: info@aaaai.org; URL: www.aaaai.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Generation of mono-specific recombinant antibody fragments from chicken to allergenic proteins Fel d 1, Amb a 1 and whole yellow jacket venom AN - 39751128; 3840245 AU - Finlay, WJJ AU - Dobrovolskaia, EN AU - Gam, A AU - Slater, JE Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39751128?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Generation+of+mono-specific+recombinant+antibody+fragments+from+chicken+to+allergenic+proteins+Fel+d+1%2C+Amb+a+1+and+whole+yellow+jacket+venom&rft.au=Finlay%2C+WJJ%3BDobrovolskaia%2C+EN%3BGam%2C+A%3BSlater%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Finlay&rft.aufirst=WJJ&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 611 East Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA; phone: 414-272-6071; email: info@aaaai.org; URL: www.aaaai.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Depletion of specific cockroach allergens may not affect overall allergenicity determinations AN - 39729710; 3839082 AU - Gam, A A AU - Slater, JE Y1 - 2004/03/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39729710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Depletion+of+specific+cockroach+allergens+may+not+affect+overall+allergenicity+determinations&rft.au=Gam%2C+A+A%3BSlater%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Gam&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 611 East Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA; phone: 414-272-6071; email: info@aaaai.org; URL: www.aaaai.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Formation and analysis of heterocyclic aromatic amine-DNA adducts in vitro and in vivo. AN - 71767825; 15036007 AB - The detection and quantification of heterocyclic aromatic amine (HAA)-DNA adducts, critical biomarkers in interspecies extrapolation of toxicity data for human risk assessment, remains a challenging analytical problem. The two main analytical methods currently in use to screen for HAA-DNA adducts are the 32P-postlabeling assay and mass spectrometry, using either accelerated mass spectrometry (AMS) or liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). In this review, the principal methods to synthesize and characterize DNA adducts, and the methods applied to measure HAA-DNA adduct in vitro and vivo are discussed. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Turesky, Robert J AU - Vouros, Paul AD - Division of Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. rturesky@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/03/25/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 25 SP - 155 EP - 166 VL - 802 IS - 1 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Amines KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - DNA Adducts -- chemistry KW - Amines -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71767825?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Formation+and+analysis+of+heterocyclic+aromatic+amine-DNA+adducts+in+vitro+and+in+vivo.&rft.au=Turesky%2C+Robert+J%3BVouros%2C+Paul&rft.aulast=Turesky&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2004-03-25&rft.volume=802&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=155&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drug labeling; orally ingested over-the-counter drug products containing calcium, magnesium, and potassium. Final rule. AN - 71749029; 15040351 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is amending the general labeling provisions for over-the-counter (OTC) drug products to require that the labeling of all OTC drug products intended for oral ingestion include: The calcium content per dosage unit when the product contains 20 milligrams (mg) or more per single dose; a warning statement that persons with kidney stones and persons on a calcium-restricted diet should ask a doctor before using when the product contains more than 3.2 grams (g) of calcium in the labeled maximum daily dose; the magnesium content per dosage unit when the product contains 8 mg or more per single dose; a warning statement that persons with kidney disease and persons on a magnesium-restricted diet should ask a doctor before using if the product contains more than 600 mg magnesium in the labeled maximum daily dose; the potassium content per dosage unit when the product contains 5 mg or more per single dose; and a warning statement that persons with kidney disease and persons on a potassium restricted diet should ask a doctor before using if the product contains more than 975 mg potassium in the labeled maximum daily dose. FDA is issuing this final rule in order to provide uniform calcium, magnesium, and potassium content and warning labeling for all OTC drug products intended for oral ingestion whether marketed under an OTC drug monograph, the ongoing OTC drug review, a new drug application (NDA) or abbreviated new drug application (ANDA), or no application. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2004/03/24/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 24 SP - 13725 EP - 13735 VL - 69 IS - 57 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Cations KW - 0 KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - Magnesium KW - I38ZP9992A KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Administration, Oral KW - Cations -- adverse effects KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Kidney Failure, Chronic KW - Consumer Product Safety -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Cations -- administration & dosage KW - Magnesium -- administration & dosage KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- standards KW - Calcium -- adverse effects KW - Potassium -- adverse effects KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Calcium -- administration & dosage KW - Potassium -- administration & dosage KW - Magnesium -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71749029?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Drug+labeling%3B+orally+ingested+over-the-counter+drug+products+containing+calcium%2C+magnesium%2C+and+potassium.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2004-03-24&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=57&rft.spage=13725&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of mutations and bone marrow micronuclei in Big Blue rats fed leucomalachite green. AN - 71746681; 15013694 AB - Leucomalachite green (LMG) is the major metabolite of malachite green (MG), a triphenylmethane dye that has been used widely as an antifungal agent in the fish industry. Concern over MG and LMG is due to the potential for consumer exposure, suggestive evidence of tumor promotion in rodent liver, and suspicion of carcinogenicity based on structure-activity relationships. In order to evaluate the risks associated with exposure to LMG, female Big Blue rats were fed up to 543 ppm LMG; groups of these rats were killed after 4, 16, or 32 weeks of exposure and evaluated for genotoxicity. We previously reported that this treatment resulted in a dose-dependent induction of liver DNA adducts, and that the liver lacI mutant frequency (MF) was increased, but only in rats fed 543 ppm LMG for 16 weeks. In the present study, we report the results from lymphocyte Hprt mutant assays and bone marrow micronucleus assays performed on these same rats. In addition, we have determined the types of lacI mutations induced in the rats fed 543 ppm LMG for 16 weeks and the rats fed control diet. No significant increases in the frequency of micronuclei or Hprt mutants were observed for any of the doses or time points assayed. Molecular analysis of 80 liver lacI mutants from rats fed 543 ppm LMG for 16 weeks revealed that 21% (17/80) were clonal in origin and that most (55/63) of the independent mutations were base pair substitutions. The predominant type of mutation was G:C --> A:T transition (31/63) and the majority (68%) of these involved CpG sites. When corrected for clonality, the 16-week lacI mutation frequency (36 +/- 10) x 10(-6) in treated rats was not significantly different from the clonally corrected control frequency (17 +/- 9 x 10(-6); P = 0.06). Furthermore, the lacI mutational spectrum in treated rats was not significantly different from that found for control rats (P = 0.09). Taken together, these data indicate that the DNA adducts produced by LMG in female rats do not result in detectable levels of genotoxicity, and that the increase in lacI MF observed previously in the liver of treated rats may be due to the disproportionate expansion of spontaneous lacI mutations. JF - Mutation research AU - Manjanatha, M G AU - Shelton, S D AU - Bishop, M AU - Shaddock, J G AU - Dobrovolsky, V N AU - Heflich, R H AU - Webb, P J AU - Blankenship, L R AU - Beland, F A AU - Greenlees, K J AU - Culp, S J AD - Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/03/22/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 22 SP - 5 EP - 18 VL - 547 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Aniline Compounds KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Rosaniline Dyes KW - leucomalachite green KW - 8U61G37Z20 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Clone Cells KW - Molecular Structure KW - Animals KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Animals, Genetically Modified KW - Rats KW - Micronucleus Tests KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Toxicity Tests, Chronic KW - Lymphocytes -- enzymology KW - Lac Operon KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- drug effects KW - Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective -- drug effects KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- metabolism KW - Aniline Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Bone Marrow Cells -- cytology KW - Aniline Compounds -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- administration & dosage KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71746681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+mutations+and+bone+marrow+micronuclei+in+Big+Blue+rats+fed+leucomalachite+green.&rft.au=Manjanatha%2C+M+G%3BShelton%2C+S+D%3BBishop%2C+M%3BShaddock%2C+J+G%3BDobrovolsky%2C+V+N%3BHeflich%2C+R+H%3BWebb%2C+P+J%3BBlankenship%2C+L+R%3BBeland%2C+F+A%3BGreenlees%2C+K+J%3BCulp%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Manjanatha&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-03-22&rft.volume=547&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of mutations in the Tk gene of Tk(+/-) mice treated as neonates with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT). AN - 71727760; 15013700 AB - Mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is reduced by perinatal treatment with the antiretroviral nucleoside analogue 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine). AZT, however, is genotoxic and carcinogenic in mice when administered either transplacentally or neonatally, suggesting a possible cancer risk for children later in life. In a previous study we found that treating B6C3F1/Tk(+/-) mice on postnatal days 1 through 8 with intraperitoneal injections of 200 mg AZT per kg body weight per day significantly increased spleen lymphocyte mutant frequencies in the autosomal Tk gene. Allele-specific PCR of Tk mutants from treated mice indicated that 61% had lost the Tk(+) allele (loss of heterozygosity; LOH), compared with 35% of Tk mutants from control mice, a difference that was significant. In the present study, Tk mutant lymphocyte clones were analyzed further using polymorphic microsatellite markers that flank the Tk gene along the length of mouse chromosome 11. The analysis indicated that allele-loss mutations in control mice were due to either total chromosome loss, mitotic recombination, or both. The pattern of marker loss in mutants from AZT-treated mice differed significantly from the control mice and was consistent with chromosome loss, mitotic recombination, interstitial deletion, gene conversion, and an unusual discontinuous LOH. The results indicate that AZT induced a unique pattern of mutations in the Tk gene of mice and that the major mechanisms of mutation by AZT involved deletion and recombination. JF - Mutation research AU - Mittelstaedt, Roberta A AU - Von Tungeln, Linda S AU - Shaddock, Joseph G AU - Dobrovolsky, Vasily N AU - Beland, Frederick A AU - Heflich, Robert H AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, US FDA/National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. rmittelstaedt@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/03/22/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 22 SP - 63 EP - 69 VL - 547 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Anti-HIV Agents KW - 0 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Index Medicus KW - Clone Cells KW - Animals KW - Chromosomes -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Gene Deletion KW - Animals, Newborn KW - Alleles KW - Microsatellite Repeats -- drug effects KW - Recombination, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Heterozygote KW - Loss of Heterozygosity -- drug effects KW - Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - Mutation -- drug effects KW - DNA Mutational Analysis KW - Zidovudine -- pharmacology KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71727760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+mutations+in+the+Tk+gene+of+Tk%28%2B%2F-%29+mice+treated+as+neonates+with+3%27-azido-3%27-deoxythymidine+%28AZT%29.&rft.au=Mittelstaedt%2C+Roberta+A%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+Linda+S%3BShaddock%2C+Joseph+G%3BDobrovolsky%2C+Vasily+N%3BBeland%2C+Frederick+A%3BHeflich%2C+Robert+H&rft.aulast=Mittelstaedt&rft.aufirst=Roberta&rft.date=2004-03-22&rft.volume=547&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Two-dimensional electrophoretic protein profile analysis following exposure of human uroepithelial cells to occupational bladder carcinogens. AN - 71768251; 15036644 AB - Protein biomarkers to occupational carcinogens were investigated using a transformable human uroepithelial cell system, SV-HUC.PC. SV-HUC.PC was treated with N-hydroxy-4,4'-methylene bis (2-chloroaniline) (N-OH-MOCA) or N-hydroxy-4 aminobiphenyl (N-OH-ABP). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cell lysates compared protein changes across treatments. Increasing N-OH-MOCA resulted in a dose-related increase in protein spots altered. Comparing cell profiles treated with either carcinogen revealed alterations in the expression of nine proteins, identified using the TagIdent database. These demonstrated isoelectric point shift (1) or quantity change (8). Our investigation may be useful in identifying biomarkers of effects of exposure to bladder carcinogens. JF - Cancer letters AU - Kanitz, Mary Helen AU - Swaminathan, Santhanam AU - Savage, Russell E AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, Taft Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS/C-23, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. mhk2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03/18/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 18 SP - 121 EP - 131 VL - 205 IS - 2 SN - 0304-3835, 0304-3835 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Epithelial Cells -- chemistry KW - Epithelial Cells -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional KW - Cell Line KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Proteins -- analysis KW - Urinary Bladder -- chemistry KW - Urinary Bladder Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Urinary Bladder -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71768251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+letters&rft.atitle=Two-dimensional+electrophoretic+protein+profile+analysis+following+exposure+of+human+uroepithelial+cells+to+occupational+bladder+carcinogens.&rft.au=Kanitz%2C+Mary+Helen%3BSwaminathan%2C+Santhanam%3BSavage%2C+Russell+E&rft.aulast=Kanitz&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2004-03-18&rft.volume=205&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=121&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+letters&rft.issn=03043835&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MERCURY MANAGEMENT OF THE DEFENSE STOCKPILE, HAWTHORNE, NEVADA; NEW HAVEN, INDIANA; OAK RIDGE, TENNESSEE; ROMULUS, NEW YORK; SOMERVILLE, NEW JERSEY; TOOELE, UTAH; AND WARREN OHIO. [Part 1 of 2] T2 - MERCURY MANAGEMENT OF THE DEFENSE STOCKPILE, HAWTHORNE, NEVADA; NEW HAVEN, INDIANA; OAK RIDGE, TENNESSEE; ROMULUS, NEW YORK; SOMERVILLE, NEW JERSEY; TOOELE, UTAH; AND WARREN OHIO. AN - 36357096; 10685-040128_0001 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of a long-term management plan for mercury stockpile held by the Department of Defense is proposed. Congress has determined that the DOD no longer needs to maintain a stockpile of mercury due to the increased use of mercury substitutes an due to increases in the nation's secondary production (i.e., recovery and recycling). The excess mercury was offered for sale by the Defense National Stockpile Center (DNSC) in open competitions until 1994 when concerns over mercury accumulation in the global environment prompted the DNSC to suspend sales. The mercury inventory, totaling approximately 4,890 tons, is currently stored in closed warehouses at four facilities in the United States located at the New Haven Depot in Indiana, the Somerville Depot in New Jersey, the Warren Depot in Ohio, and the National Security Complex in Oak Ridge Tennessee. The mercury is stored in 128,662 steel flasks. As the custodian of the mercury, DNSC must decide on a strategy for long-term management of this material. The envisioned horizon of the management plan is 40 years. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative 1), which would perpetuate the current stockpile management regime, are considered in this final EIS. Alternative 2, the preferred alternative, would involve consolidation and storage at one of the current DNSC mercury storage sites or and one of three other candidate locations. The other three candidate sites are located at the Hawthorne Army Depot in Nevada, the Utah Industrial Depot in Utah, and the PEZ Lake Development in New York, Alternative 3 would involve sale of the mercury inventory at the maximum allowable market rate or at a reduce rate to reduce the level of mercury mining. Action alternatives also address monitoring and maintenance and transportation. The cost for storage over a 40-year period for the preferred alternative is estimated at $29 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The preferred alternative would ensure the safe transportation, storage, and maintenance of the current DNSC mercury stockpile. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Except in the unlikely event of an accidental spill during transportation of at one of the storage facilities, the program would present very few risks. Transportation of the mercury would result in slight short-term release of motor vehicle pollutants into the air. LEGAL MANDATES: National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (49 U.S.C. 303). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 03-0249D, Volume 27, Number 3. JF - EPA number: 040128, Volume I--623 pages, Volume II--371 pages, March 18, 2004 PY - 2004 VL - 1 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Cost Assessments KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Hazardous Materials KW - Health Hazard Analyses KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - Metals KW - Military Facilities (Army) KW - Noise Assessments KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Storage KW - Transportation KW - Toxicity KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Waste Management KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Indiana KW - Nevada KW - New Jersey KW - New York KW - Ohio KW - Tennessee KW - Utah KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36357096?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MERCURY+MANAGEMENT+OF+THE+DEFENSE+STOCKPILE%2C+HAWTHORNE%2C+NEVADA%3B+NEW+HAVEN%2C+INDIANA%3B+OAK+RIDGE%2C+TENNESSEE%3B+ROMULUS%2C+NEW+YORK%3B+SOMERVILLE%2C+NEW+JERSEY%3B+TOOELE%2C+UTAH%3B+AND+WARREN+OHIO.&rft.title=MERCURY+MANAGEMENT+OF+THE+DEFENSE+STOCKPILE%2C+HAWTHORNE%2C+NEVADA%3B+NEW+HAVEN%2C+INDIANA%3B+OAK+RIDGE%2C+TENNESSEE%3B+ROMULUS%2C+NEW+YORK%3B+SOMERVILLE%2C+NEW+JERSEY%3B+TOOELE%2C+UTAH%3B+AND+WARREN+OHIO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Defense, Defense Logistics Agency, National Stockpile Center, Fort Belvoir, Virginia; DOD N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 18, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MERCURY MANAGEMENT OF THE DEFENSE STOCKPILE, HAWTHORNE, NEVADA; NEW HAVEN, INDIANA; OAK RIDGE, TENNESSEE; ROMULUS, NEW YORK; SOMERVILLE, NEW JERSEY; TOOELE, UTAH; AND WARREN OHIO. [Part 2 of 2] T2 - MERCURY MANAGEMENT OF THE DEFENSE STOCKPILE, HAWTHORNE, NEVADA; NEW HAVEN, INDIANA; OAK RIDGE, TENNESSEE; ROMULUS, NEW YORK; SOMERVILLE, NEW JERSEY; TOOELE, UTAH; AND WARREN OHIO. AN - 36353523; 10685-040128_0002 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of a long-term management plan for mercury stockpile held by the Department of Defense is proposed. Congress has determined that the DOD no longer needs to maintain a stockpile of mercury due to the increased use of mercury substitutes an due to increases in the nation's secondary production (i.e., recovery and recycling). The excess mercury was offered for sale by the Defense National Stockpile Center (DNSC) in open competitions until 1994 when concerns over mercury accumulation in the global environment prompted the DNSC to suspend sales. The mercury inventory, totaling approximately 4,890 tons, is currently stored in closed warehouses at four facilities in the United States located at the New Haven Depot in Indiana, the Somerville Depot in New Jersey, the Warren Depot in Ohio, and the National Security Complex in Oak Ridge Tennessee. The mercury is stored in 128,662 steel flasks. As the custodian of the mercury, DNSC must decide on a strategy for long-term management of this material. The envisioned horizon of the management plan is 40 years. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative 1), which would perpetuate the current stockpile management regime, are considered in this final EIS. Alternative 2, the preferred alternative, would involve consolidation and storage at one of the current DNSC mercury storage sites or and one of three other candidate locations. The other three candidate sites are located at the Hawthorne Army Depot in Nevada, the Utah Industrial Depot in Utah, and the PEZ Lake Development in New York, Alternative 3 would involve sale of the mercury inventory at the maximum allowable market rate or at a reduce rate to reduce the level of mercury mining. Action alternatives also address monitoring and maintenance and transportation. The cost for storage over a 40-year period for the preferred alternative is estimated at $29 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The preferred alternative would ensure the safe transportation, storage, and maintenance of the current DNSC mercury stockpile. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Except in the unlikely event of an accidental spill during transportation of at one of the storage facilities, the program would present very few risks. Transportation of the mercury would result in slight short-term release of motor vehicle pollutants into the air. LEGAL MANDATES: National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (49 U.S.C. 303). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 03-0249D, Volume 27, Number 3. JF - EPA number: 040128, Volume I--623 pages, Volume II--371 pages, March 18, 2004 PY - 2004 VL - 2 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Cost Assessments KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Hazardous Materials KW - Health Hazard Analyses KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - Metals KW - Military Facilities (Army) KW - Noise Assessments KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Storage KW - Transportation KW - Toxicity KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Waste Management KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Indiana KW - Nevada KW - New Jersey KW - New York KW - Ohio KW - Tennessee KW - Utah KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36353523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Full+Text&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MERCURY+MANAGEMENT+OF+THE+DEFENSE+STOCKPILE%2C+HAWTHORNE%2C+NEVADA%3B+NEW+HAVEN%2C+INDIANA%3B+OAK+RIDGE%2C+TENNESSEE%3B+ROMULUS%2C+NEW+YORK%3B+SOMERVILLE%2C+NEW+JERSEY%3B+TOOELE%2C+UTAH%3B+AND+WARREN+OHIO.&rft.title=MERCURY+MANAGEMENT+OF+THE+DEFENSE+STOCKPILE%2C+HAWTHORNE%2C+NEVADA%3B+NEW+HAVEN%2C+INDIANA%3B+OAK+RIDGE%2C+TENNESSEE%3B+ROMULUS%2C+NEW+YORK%3B+SOMERVILLE%2C+NEW+JERSEY%3B+TOOELE%2C+UTAH%3B+AND+WARREN+OHIO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Defense, Defense Logistics Agency, National Stockpile Center, Fort Belvoir, Virginia; DOD N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 18, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-16 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - MERCURY MANAGEMENT OF THE DEFENSE STOCKPILE, HAWTHORNE, NEVADA; NEW HAVEN, INDIANA; OAK RIDGE, TENNESSEE; ROMULUS, NEW YORK; SOMERVILLE, NEW JERSEY; TOOELE, UTAH; AND WARREN OHIO. AN - 16345671; 10685 AB - PURPOSE: The implementation of a long-term management plan for mercury stockpile held by the Department of Defense is proposed. Congress has determined that the DOD no longer needs to maintain a stockpile of mercury due to the increased use of mercury substitutes an due to increases in the nation's secondary production (i.e., recovery and recycling). The excess mercury was offered for sale by the Defense National Stockpile Center (DNSC) in open competitions until 1994 when concerns over mercury accumulation in the global environment prompted the DNSC to suspend sales. The mercury inventory, totaling approximately 4,890 tons, is currently stored in closed warehouses at four facilities in the United States located at the New Haven Depot in Indiana, the Somerville Depot in New Jersey, the Warren Depot in Ohio, and the National Security Complex in Oak Ridge Tennessee. The mercury is stored in 128,662 steel flasks. As the custodian of the mercury, DNSC must decide on a strategy for long-term management of this material. The envisioned horizon of the management plan is 40 years. Three alternatives, including a No Action Alternative (Alternative 1), which would perpetuate the current stockpile management regime, are considered in this final EIS. Alternative 2, the preferred alternative, would involve consolidation and storage at one of the current DNSC mercury storage sites or and one of three other candidate locations. The other three candidate sites are located at the Hawthorne Army Depot in Nevada, the Utah Industrial Depot in Utah, and the PEZ Lake Development in New York, Alternative 3 would involve sale of the mercury inventory at the maximum allowable market rate or at a reduce rate to reduce the level of mercury mining. Action alternatives also address monitoring and maintenance and transportation. The cost for storage over a 40-year period for the preferred alternative is estimated at $29 million. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The preferred alternative would ensure the safe transportation, storage, and maintenance of the current DNSC mercury stockpile. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Except in the unlikely event of an accidental spill during transportation of at one of the storage facilities, the program would present very few risks. Transportation of the mercury would result in slight short-term release of motor vehicle pollutants into the air. LEGAL MANDATES: National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (49 U.S.C. 303). PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 03-0249D, Volume 27, Number 3. JF - EPA number: 040128, Volume I--623 pages, Volume II--371 pages, March 18, 2004 PY - 2004 KW - Defense Programs KW - Air Quality Assessments KW - Cost Assessments KW - Cultural Resources Assessments KW - Hazardous Materials KW - Health Hazard Analyses KW - Impact Assessment Methodology KW - Metals KW - Military Facilities (Army) KW - Noise Assessments KW - Socioeconomic Assessments KW - Storage KW - Transportation KW - Toxicity KW - Visual Resources Surveys KW - Waste Management KW - Water Quality Assessments KW - Indiana KW - Nevada KW - New Jersey KW - New York KW - Ohio KW - Tennessee KW - Utah KW - National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, Compliance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16345671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-03-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=MERCURY+MANAGEMENT+OF+THE+DEFENSE+STOCKPILE%2C+HAWTHORNE%2C+NEVADA%3B+NEW+HAVEN%2C+INDIANA%3B+OAK+RIDGE%2C+TENNESSEE%3B+ROMULUS%2C+NEW+YORK%3B+SOMERVILLE%2C+NEW+JERSEY%3B+TOOELE%2C+UTAH%3B+AND+WARREN+OHIO.&rft.title=MERCURY+MANAGEMENT+OF+THE+DEFENSE+STOCKPILE%2C+HAWTHORNE%2C+NEVADA%3B+NEW+HAVEN%2C+INDIANA%3B+OAK+RIDGE%2C+TENNESSEE%3B+ROMULUS%2C+NEW+YORK%3B+SOMERVILLE%2C+NEW+JERSEY%3B+TOOELE%2C+UTAH%3B+AND+WARREN+OHIO.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Defense, Defense Logistics Agency, National Stockpile Center, Fort Belvoir, Virginia; DOD N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Final. Preparation date: March 18, 2004 N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene Transfer into Human Hepatoma Cells by Receptor-Associated Protein/Polylysine Conjugates AN - 17938929; 5894817 AB - Receptor-associated protein (RAP) is a ligand for all members of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor families. RAP is internalized into cells via receptor-mediated endocytic trafficking, making it an attractive mechanism for efficient gene delivery. In this study, we have developed a gene delivery system using RAP as a targeting ligand. A RAP cDNA lacking a C-terminal heparin-binding domain was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from a human liver cDNA library and was reamplified by using a primer containing a cysteine codon at its carboxyl end to facilitate its conjugation to polylysine (polyK). RAP was purified using a bacterial expression system and coupled to poly-D-lysine (PDL) or poly-L-lysine (PLL) of average MW 50 kDa via the heterobifunctional cross-linker SPDP. Using fluorescence-labeled RAP ligand, cellular uptake of the transfection complexes into HepG2 cells was shown to be highly efficient and more specific to PDL-conjugated RAP compared with PLL-conjugated one. Pladmid DNA containing a luciferase reporter gene was condensed with either RAP-PDL or RAP-PLL. In vitro transfection into HepG2 cells with RAP-PDL conjugate resulted in significantly higher luciferase expression levels in comparison to either nonconjugated PDL, or RAP-PLL, or LipofecAMINE/DNA complexes in the presence of 10% fetal bovine serum. Luciferase expression was inhibited by the addition of excess RAP. Treatment of the cells with Lovastatin, which inhibits HMG-Co reductase and increases expression of LDL receptor, stimulates luciferase expression, suggesting that the gene delivery is specifically mediated by LDL receptor. Thus, RAP-PDL conjugates have the potential to be used as a new nonviral gene delivery vector. JF - Bioconjugate Chemistry AU - Kim, T-G AU - Kang, S-Y AU - Kang, J-H AU - Cho, M-Y AU - Kim, J-I AU - Kim, S-H AU - Kim, J-S AD - Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul 122-704, Republic of Korea Y1 - 2004/03/17/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 17 SP - 326 EP - 332 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 1043-1802, 1043-1802 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Hepatoma KW - Gene therapy KW - Reporter gene KW - Gene transfer KW - Transfection KW - Lipoproteins KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Poly-L-lysine KW - Lipoproteins (low density) KW - W3 33181:Gene therapy vectors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 120:Genetic Engineering in Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17938929?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioconjugate+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Gene+Transfer+into+Human+Hepatoma+Cells+by+Receptor-Associated+Protein%2FPolylysine+Conjugates&rft.au=Kim%2C+T-G%3BKang%2C+S-Y%3BKang%2C+J-H%3BCho%2C+M-Y%3BKim%2C+J-I%3BKim%2C+S-H%3BKim%2C+J-S&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=T-G&rft.date=2004-03-17&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=326&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioconjugate+Chemistry&rft.issn=10431802&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fbc0340262 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene therapy; Lipoproteins (low density); Polymerase chain reaction; Transfection; Hepatoma; Lipoproteins; Gene transfer; Reporter gene; Poly-L-lysine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bc0340262 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - LC/MS analysis of brevetoxin metabolites in the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica). AN - 71791110; 15051410 AB - Brevetoxin (PbTx) metabolism was examined in the Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) following exposure to a Karenia brevis red tide, by using LC/MS(/MS) and cytotoxicity assay. Metabolites observed in field-exposed oysters were confirmed in oysters exposed to K. brevis cultures in the laboratory. Previously, we identified a cysteine conjugate and its sulfoxide (MH(+): m/z 1018 and 1034) as metabolites of the brevetoxin congener PbTx-2. In the present study, we found a cysteine conjugate and its sulfoxide with A-type brevetoxin backbone structure (MH(+): m/z 990 and 1006), as probable derivatives of PbTx-1. We also found glycine-cysteine-PbTx (m/z 1047 and 1075), gamma-glutamyl-cysteine-PbTx (m/z 1147), and glutathione-PbTx (m/z 1176 and 1204) conjugates with A- and B-type backbone structures. Amino acid-PbTx conjugates react with fatty acids through amide linkage to form a series of fatty acid-amino acid-PbTx conjugates. These fatty acid conjugates are major contributors to the composite cytototoxic responses obtained in extracts of brevetoxin-contaminated oysters. Other brevetoxin derivatives found in oysters are consistent with hydrolytic ring-opening and oxidation/reduction reactions. JF - Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology AU - Wang, Zhihong AU - Plakas, Steven M AU - El Said, Kathleen R AU - Jester, Edward L E AU - Granade, H Ray AU - Dickey, Robert W AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, P.O. Box 158, 1 Iberville Drive, Dauphin Island, AL 36528-0158, USA. Y1 - 2004/03/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 15 SP - 455 EP - 465 VL - 43 IS - 4 SN - 0041-0101, 0041-0101 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Fatty Acids KW - Marine Toxins KW - Oxocins KW - brevetoxin KW - 98225-48-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Liquid KW - Biological Assay KW - Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic KW - Texas KW - Dinoflagellida KW - Hydrolysis KW - Florida KW - Oxocins -- metabolism KW - Oxocins -- chemistry KW - Amino Acids -- metabolism KW - Ostreidae -- metabolism KW - Marine Toxins -- metabolism KW - Marine Toxins -- chemistry KW - Fatty Acids -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71791110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.atitle=LC%2FMS+analysis+of+brevetoxin+metabolites+in+the+Eastern+oyster+%28Crassostrea+virginica%29.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Zhihong%3BPlakas%2C+Steven+M%3BEl+Said%2C+Kathleen+R%3BJester%2C+Edward+L+E%3BGranade%2C+H+Ray%3BDickey%2C+Robert+W&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Zhihong&rft.date=2004-03-15&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicon+%3A+official+journal+of+the+International+Society+on+Toxinology&rft.issn=00410101&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and characterization of Clostridium perfringens using single target DNA microarray chip. AN - 71700588; 14984776 AB - A DNA microarray method was developed to identify the presence of toxin genes: encoding beta toxin (cpb), epsilon toxin (etx), enterotoxin (cpe), alpha toxin (cpa), and iota toxin (iA) in Clostridium perfringens. To build the DNA chip, each gene sequence was represented by one approximately 22-bp amino-modified oligonucleotide printed twice on aldehyde-coated slides. Multiplex PCR with Cy3 and Cy5-dCTP derivatized fluorescent nucleotides was used to label five genes and fluorescent probes were prepared. The PCR probes were denatured and single-strand-labeled DNAs were separated and purified using magnetic beads. The presence of toxin genes in C. perfringens was detected by hybridization of amplified ssDNA probes to oligonucleotides on the chip representing one target sequence of each toxin gene. The DNA chip was able to identify eight strains of C. perfringens. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Al-Khaldi, Sufian F AU - Villanueva, Doralis AU - Chizhikov, Vladimir AD - HFS-517, Division of Microbiological Studies, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740-3855, USA. Sufian.Al-Khaldi@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/03/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 15 SP - 289 EP - 296 VL - 91 IS - 3 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Enterotoxins KW - Index Medicus KW - Genotype KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Gene Amplification KW - Clostridium perfringens -- isolation & purification KW - DNA, Bacterial -- chemistry KW - Clostridium perfringens -- genetics KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- methods KW - Enterotoxins -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71700588?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Identification+and+characterization+of+Clostridium+perfringens+using+single+target+DNA+microarray+chip.&rft.au=Al-Khaldi%2C+Sufian+F%3BVillanueva%2C+Doralis%3BChizhikov%2C+Vladimir&rft.aulast=Al-Khaldi&rft.aufirst=Sufian&rft.date=2004-03-15&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=289&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postmarketing safety surveillance for typhoid fever vaccines from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, July 1990 through June 2002. AN - 71694178; 14999618 AB - Vaccines against Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi are used for prophylaxis of international travelers and have potential use as counterbioterrorism agents. The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) cannot usually establish causal relationships between vaccines and reported adverse events without further research but has successfully detected unrecognized side effects of vaccine. We reviewed reports to VAERS for US-licensed typhoid fever vaccines for the period of July 1990 through June 2002. We received 321 reports for parenteral Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine and 345 reports for live, oral, attenuated Ty21a vaccine, with 7.5% and 5.5%, respectively, describing death, hospitalization, permanent disability, or life-threatening illness. Unexpected frequently reported symptoms included dizziness and pruritus for Vi vaccine and fatigue and myalgia for Ty21a vaccine. Gastroenteritis-like illness after receipt of Ty21a vaccine and abdominal pain after receipt of Vi vaccine, which are previously recognized events, occasionally required hospitalization. Nonfatal anaphylaxis was reported after both vaccines. VAERS reports do not indicate any unexpected serious side effects that compromise these vaccines' use for travelers' prophylaxis. JF - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America AU - Begier, Elizabeth M AU - Burwen, Dale R AU - Haber, Penina AU - Ball, Robert AU - Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System Working Group AD - Vaccine Safety Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852-1448, USA. ; Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System Working Group Y1 - 2004/03/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 15 SP - 771 EP - 779 VL - 38 IS - 6 KW - Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Typhoid Fever -- prevention & control KW - Salmonella enterica -- immunology KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Fatigue -- etiology KW - Pruritus -- etiology KW - Salmonella enterica -- drug effects KW - Dizziness -- etiology KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines -- adverse effects KW - Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines -- administration & dosage KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71694178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Life+Science+Weekly&rft.atitle=Midwifery%3B+Research+on+midwifery+published+by+scientists+at+University+of+Ulster&rft.au=Anonymous&rft.aulast=Anonymous&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2008-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1550&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Life+Science+Weekly&rft.issn=15522466&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fate of chemicals in skin after dermal application: does the in vitro skin reservoir affect the estimate of systemic absorption? AN - 17983631; 5933300 AB - Recent international guidelines for the conduct of in vitro skin absorption studies put forward different approaches for addressing the status of chemicals remaining in the stratum corneum and epidermis/dermis at the end of a study. The present study investigated the fate of three chemicals [dihydroxyacetone (DHA), 7-(2H-naphtho[1,2-d]triazol-2-yl)-3-phenylcoumarin (7NTPC), and disperse blue 1 (DB1)] in an in vitro absorption study. In these studies, human and fuzzy rat skin penetration and absorption were determined over 24 or 72 h in flow-through diffusion cells. Skin penetration of these chemicals resulted in relatively low receptor fluid levels but high skin levels. For DHA, penetration studies found approximately 22% of the applied dose remaining in the skin (in both the stratum corneum and viable tissue) as a reservoir after 24 h. Little of the DHA that penetrates into skin is actually available to become systemically absorbed. 7NTPC remaining in the skin after 24 h was approximately 14.7% of the applied dose absorbed. Confocal laser cytometry studies with 7NTPC showed that it is present across skin in mainly the epidermis and dermis with intense fluorescence around hair. For DB1, penetration studies found approximately 10% (ethanol vehicle) and 3% (formulation vehicle) of the applied dose localized in mainly the stratum corneum after 24 h. An extended absorption study (72 h) revealed that little additional DB1 was absorbed into the receptor fluid. Skin levels should not be considered as absorbed material for DHA or DB1, while 7NTPC requires further investigation. These studies illustrate the importance of determining the fate of chemicals remaining in skin, which could significantly affect the estimates of systemically available material to be used in exposure estimates. We recommend that a more conclusive means to determine the fate of skin levels is to perform an extended study as conducted for DB1. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Yourick, J J AU - Koenig, M L AU - Yourick, D L AU - Bronaugh, R L AD - Skin Absorption and Metabolism Section, Cosmetics Toxicology Branch, Office of Cosmetics and Colors, US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, jyourick@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/03/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 15 SP - 309 EP - 320 VL - 195 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - 7-(2H-naphth(1,2-d)triazol-2-yl)-3-phenylcoumarin KW - disperse blue 1 KW - in vitro KW - man KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Dihydroxyacetone KW - Skin KW - Absorption KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17983631?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Fate+of+chemicals+in+skin+after+dermal+application%3A+does+the+in+vitro+skin+reservoir+affect+the+estimate+of+systemic+absorption%3F&rft.au=Yourick%2C+J+J%3BKoenig%2C+M+L%3BYourick%2C+D+L%3BBronaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Yourick&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-03-15&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.taap.2003.07.015 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dihydroxyacetone; Skin; Absorption DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2003.07.015 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of AP-1 and neoplastic transformation by fresh apple peel extract. AN - 71709789; 14665633 AB - Consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with a low incidence of cancers and other chronic diseases. Previous studies suggested that fresh apples inhibit tumor cell proliferation. Here we report that oral administration of apple peel extracts decreased the number of nonmalignant and malignant skin tumors per mouse induced by 12-O-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-initiated mouse skin. ESR analysis indicated that apple extract strongly scavenged hydroxyl (OH) and superoxide (O(2)(-)) radicals. Mechanistic studies showed that pretreatment with apple peel extract inhibited AP-1 transactivation induced by ultraviolet B irradiation or TPA in JB6 cells and AP-1-luciferase reporter transgenic mice. This inhibitory effect appears to be mediated by the inhibition of ERKs and JNK activity. The results provide the first evidence that an extract from fresh apple peel extract may inhibit tumor promoter-induced carcinogenesis and associated cell signaling, and suggest that the chemopreventive effects of fresh apple may be through its antioxidant properties by blocking reactive oxygen species-mediated AP-1-MAPK activation. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Ding, Min AU - Lu, Yongju AU - Bowman, Linda AU - Huang, Chuanshu AU - Leonard, Stephen AU - Wang, Liying AU - Vallyathan, Val AU - Castranova, Vince AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. mid5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03/12/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 12 SP - 10670 EP - 10676 VL - 279 IS - 11 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Plant Extracts KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - Hydroxyl Radical KW - 3352-57-6 KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Luciferases KW - EC 1.13.12.- KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Transgenes KW - Luciferases -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Transcriptional Activation KW - Phosphorylation KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- drug therapy KW - Time Factors KW - Signal Transduction KW - Cell Line KW - Cell Division KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- chemistry KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- metabolism KW - Malus -- metabolism KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71709789?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+AP-1+and+neoplastic+transformation+by+fresh+apple+peel+extract.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Min%3BLu%2C+Yongju%3BBowman%2C+Linda%3BHuang%2C+Chuanshu%3BLeonard%2C+Stephen%3BWang%2C+Liying%3BVallyathan%2C+Val%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Ding&rft.aufirst=Min&rft.date=2004-03-12&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=10670&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Endoilluminators: evaluation of potential retinal hazards. AN - 71775339; 15046167 AB - The potential for retinal photic injury from exposure to endoilluminators was evaluated. The spectral irradiance for each endoilluminator configuration was weighted with the American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) aphakic action spectrum. The result was compared with the threshold limit value (TLV) published by the ACGIH and a time to TLV (timeTLV) was calculated for each configuration. The calculated timeTLV ranged from 0.27 to 3.5 min, times that are significantly shorter than typical operating times. The effects of incorporating short-wavelength cutoff filters were evaluated and found to significantly increase the timeTLV. Exposure reduction techniques for use during surgery are discussed. JF - Applied optics AU - Miller, Sharon A AU - Landry, Robert J AU - Byrnes, Gordon A AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, US Food and Drug Administration, 9200 Corporate Boulevard, Rockville, Maryland 20850-0001, USA. sym@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/03/10/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 10 SP - 1648 EP - 1653 VL - 43 IS - 8 SN - 0003-6935, 0003-6935 KW - Index Medicus KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Models, Theoretical KW - Retina -- injuries KW - Lighting -- adverse effects KW - Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures -- instrumentation KW - Radiation Injuries -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71775339?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+optics&rft.atitle=Endoilluminators%3A+evaluation+of+potential+retinal+hazards.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Sharon+A%3BLandry%2C+Robert+J%3BByrnes%2C+Gordon+A&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft.date=2004-03-10&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1648&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+optics&rft.issn=00036935&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Reengineered salivary glands are stable endogenous bioreactors for systemic gene therapeutics AN - 17714678; 5846461 AB - The use of critical-for-life organs (e.g., liver or lung) for systemic gene therapeutics can lead to serious safety concerns. To circumvent such issues, we have considered salivary glands (SGs) as an alternative gene therapeutics target tissue. Given the high secretory abilities of SGs, we hypothesized that administration of low doses of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors would allow for therapeutic levels of transgene-encoded secretory proteins in the bloodstream. We administered 10 super(9) particles of an AAV vector encoding human erythropoietin (hEPO) directly to individual mouse submandibular SGs. Serum hEPO reached maximum levels 8-12 weeks after gene delivery and remained relatively stable for 54 weeks (longest time studied). Hematocrit levels were similarly increased. Moreover, these effects proved to be vector dose-dependent, and even a dosage as low as 10 super(8) particles per animal led to significant increases in hEPO and hematocrit levels. Vector DNA was detected only within the targeted SGs, and levels of AAV copies within SGs were highly correlated with serum hEPO levels (r = 0.98). These results show that SGs appear to be promising targets with potential clinical applicability for systemic gene therapeutics. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Voutetakis, A AU - Kok, M R AU - Zheng, C AU - Bossis, I AU - Wang, J AU - Cotrim, A P AU - Marracino, N AU - Goldsmith, C M AU - Chiorini, JA AU - Loh, Y P AU - Nieman, L K AU - Baum, B J AD - Gene Therapy and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Section on Cellular Neurobiology, Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, and Pediatric and Reproductive Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, bbaum@dir.nidcr.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/03/02/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Mar 02 SP - 3053 EP - 3058 PB - National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Ave. Washington DC 20418 USA VL - 101 IS - 9 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Gene therapy KW - Salivary gland KW - Adeno-associated virus KW - Expression vectors KW - Erythropoietin KW - Lung KW - Gene transfer KW - Liver KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 120:Genetic Engineering in Medicine KW - W3 33180:Gene based (protocols, clinical trials, and animal models) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17714678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Reengineered+salivary+glands+are+stable+endogenous+bioreactors+for+systemic+gene+therapeutics&rft.au=Voutetakis%2C+A%3BKok%2C+M+R%3BZheng%2C+C%3BBossis%2C+I%3BWang%2C+J%3BCotrim%2C+A+P%3BMarracino%2C+N%3BGoldsmith%2C+C+M%3BChiorini%2C+JA%3BLoh%2C+Y+P%3BNieman%2C+L+K%3BBaum%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Voutetakis&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-03-02&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=3053&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.0400136101 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adeno-associated virus; Salivary gland; Gene therapy; Gene transfer; Lung; Erythropoietin; Expression vectors; Liver DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400136101 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of sector protein microarrays to clinical samples AN - 954586830; 13860358 AB - Many protein functions are conferred by posttranslational modifications, which allow proteins to perform specific cellular tasks. Protein microarrays enable specific detection of posttranslational modifications not attainable by gene arrays. Reverse-phase protein microarrays have been widely adopted for use with clinical biopsy specimens because they have many advantages including highly reproducible printing of cellular lysates onto array surfaces, buit-in dilution curves, and direct detection using one antibody per analyte. This results in high-sensitivity, broad dynamic range, and favorable precision. Reverse-phase arrays have been restricted to a one slide/one antibody format. Although this is suitable for analyzing treatment effects over populations of samples, it is not well suited to individual patient assessments. One means of reaching this goal is the sector array format. Through the sector array, multiple antibody probes can be multiplexed on a single slide containing replicate immobilized aliquots from one patient. Thus, on one slide, a complete set of analytes can be characterized and used to support a therapy decision. This article describes a method for constructing sector arrays and demonstrates feasibility and adequate sensitivity applied to apoptosis related pathways. JF - Clinical Proteomics AU - Espina, Virginia AU - Petricoin, Emanuel F AU - Liotta, Lance A AU - Geho, David AD - Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, FDA-NCI Clinical Proteomics Program, Bethesda, MD, espinav@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 91 EP - 99 PB - Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg), Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1542-6416, 1542-6416 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Antibodies KW - Apoptosis KW - Printing KW - Protein arrays KW - Probes KW - Biopsy KW - proteomics KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/954586830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Proteomics&rft.atitle=Application+of+sector+protein+microarrays+to+clinical+samples&rft.au=Espina%2C+Virginia%3BPetricoin%2C+Emanuel+F%3BLiotta%2C+Lance+A%3BGeho%2C+David&rft.aulast=Espina&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Proteomics&rft.issn=15426416&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FCP%3A1%3A1%3A091 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antibodies; Printing; Apoptosis; Protein arrays; Probes; Biopsy; proteomics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/CP:1:1:091 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of multiplexed protein profiling and detection using near infrared detection of reverse-phase protein microarrays AN - 954586827; 13860357 AB - Protein microarrays have been recently employed for signal pathway profiling and high-throughput protein expression analysis. Reversephase arrays, where the array consists of immobilized analytes and lysates has especially shown promise in low abundance analyte detection and signal pathway profiling using phospho-specific antibodies. A limitation to current reverse phase array methodology is the inability to multiplex proteomic-based endpoints as each array can only report one analyte endpoint. In this study, we report on the use of a dual dye based approach that can effectively double the number of endpoints observed per array allowing, for example, both phosphospecific and total protein levels to be measured and analyzed at once. The method utilizes antibody bound dyes that emit in the infrared spectral region as a means of sensitive and specific detection. JF - Clinical Proteomics AU - Calvert, Valerie S AU - Tang, Yihui AU - Boveia, Vince AU - Wulfkuhle, Julie AU - Schutz-Geschwender, Amy AU - Michael Olive, D AU - Liotta, Lance A AU - Petricoin, Emanuel F AD - Office of Cell and Gene Therapy, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, NCI/FDA Clinical Proteomics Program, 20892, Bethesda, Maryland, petricoin@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 81 EP - 89 PB - Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg), Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1542-6416, 1542-6416 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Antibodies KW - Dyes KW - Protein arrays KW - proteomics KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/954586827?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Proteomics&rft.atitle=Development+of+multiplexed+protein+profiling+and+detection+using+near+infrared+detection+of+reverse-phase+protein+microarrays&rft.au=Calvert%2C+Valerie+S%3BTang%2C+Yihui%3BBoveia%2C+Vince%3BWulfkuhle%2C+Julie%3BSchutz-Geschwender%2C+Amy%3BMichael+Olive%2C+D%3BLiotta%2C+Lance+A%3BPetricoin%2C+Emanuel+F&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Proteomics&rft.issn=15426416&rft_id=info:doi/10.1385%2FCP%3A1%3A1%3A081 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Antibodies; Dyes; Protein arrays; proteomics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/CP:1:1:081 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fusidic acid resistance in community isolates of methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and the use of topical fusidic acid: a retrospective case-control study. AN - 71957730; 15164973 AB - Resistance to fusidic acid among community methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates in the United Kingdom and prescriptions for fusidic acid have both doubled over the past 6 years. A retrospective case-control study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the use of topical fusidic acid is associated with the isolation of resistant organisms. A statistically significant association was found between fusidic acid resistance in MSSA isolates and exposure to topical fusidic acid (odds ratio: 2.77, 95% CI 1.01-7.93, P = 0.027). This study demonstrates for the first time an association between the use of topical fusidic acid and resistance at the individual patient level and supports the hypothesis that the observed increase in resistance is causally associated with the increased use of topical fusidic acid. JF - International journal of antimicrobial agents AU - Mason, Brendan W AU - Howard, Anthony J AD - National Public Health Service for Wales, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (Wales), Abton House, Wedal Road, Cardiff CF14 3QX, UK. brendan.mason@nphs.wales.nhs.uk Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 300 EP - 303 VL - 23 IS - 3 SN - 0924-8579, 0924-8579 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Fusidic Acid KW - 59XE10C19C KW - Methicillin KW - Q91FH1328A KW - Index Medicus KW - Methicillin -- pharmacology KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Humans KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Administration, Topical KW - Fusidic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Staphylococcal Infections -- drug therapy KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- isolation & purification KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- adverse effects KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Staphylococcal Infections -- microbiology KW - Fusidic Acid -- adverse effects KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71957730?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+antimicrobial+agents&rft.atitle=Fusidic+acid+resistance+in+community+isolates+of+methicillin+susceptible+Staphylococcus+aureus+and+the+use+of+topical+fusidic+acid%3A+a+retrospective+case-control+study.&rft.au=Mason%2C+Brendan+W%3BHoward%2C+Anthony+J&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Brendan&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=300&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+antimicrobial+agents&rft.issn=09248579&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Downregulation of estrogen receptor alpha and beta expression in carcinogen-induced mammary gland tumors of rats. AN - 71869033; 15112577 AB - The recent discovery of a new isoform of estrogen receptor (ER), ER beta, has promoted the investigation of its expression on mammary gland. This study was carried out to examine the expression of ER alpha, ER beta and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the carcinogen-induced mammary tumors induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), and to compare these expression with those of age-matched normal mammary glands. There was significant decrease of expression of ER alpha and ER beta in the mammary gland tumors compared with age-matched normal mammary glands (p < 0.05). In mammary gland tumors, ER alpha expression was mainly located in epithelial cells, showing intranuclear staining pattern. The decrease of ER beta expression was so distant that some tumor cells did not show any expression. There was a complete loss of ER beta expression in 50% (7/14) of MNU-induced mammary gland tumors, and 68.2% (15/22) of DMBA-induced mammary gland tumors. However, there was no difference in PCNA expression between mammary gland tumors and normal mammary glands. This study represents that the decrease of expression of ER alpha and ER beta is associated with mammary carcinogenesis, and suggests that modulation of ER alpha and ER beta may be the target for the treatment of mammary gland tumors. JF - Eksperimental'naia onkologiia AU - Kang, Jin Seok AU - Jung, Na Jin AU - Kim, Seyl AU - Kim, Dae Joong AU - Jang, Dong Deuk AU - Yang, Ki-Hwa AD - National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul 122-704, South Korea. jinskang@yahoo.com Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 31 EP - 35 VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0204-3564, 0204-3564 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Estrogen Receptor alpha KW - Estrogen Receptor beta KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Methylnitrosourea KW - 684-93-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Down-Regulation KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- toxicity KW - Methylnitrosourea -- toxicity KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen -- biosynthesis KW - Estrogen Receptor alpha -- biosynthesis KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Estrogen Receptor beta -- biosynthesis KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71869033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eksperimental%27naia+onkologiia&rft.atitle=Downregulation+of+estrogen+receptor+alpha+and+beta+expression+in+carcinogen-induced+mammary+gland+tumors+of+rats.&rft.au=Kang%2C+Jin+Seok%3BJung%2C+Na+Jin%3BKim%2C+Seyl%3BKim%2C+Dae+Joong%3BJang%2C+Dong+Deuk%3BYang%2C+Ki-Hwa&rft.aulast=Kang&rft.aufirst=Jin&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=31&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eksperimental%27naia+onkologiia&rft.issn=02043564&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Are you tired? AN - 71860867; 15108568 JF - The American journal of nursing AU - Hughes, Ronda G AU - Rogers, Ann E AD - University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, USA. rhughes@ahrq.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 36 EP - 38 VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 0002-936X, 0002-936X KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Work Schedule Tolerance KW - Occupational Health KW - Self Care KW - Humans KW - Medical Errors -- prevention & control KW - Fatigue -- prevention & control KW - Sleep Deprivation -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Nurses KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Fatigue -- etiology KW - Sleep Deprivation -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71860867?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+nursing&rft.atitle=Are+you+tired%3F&rft.au=Hughes%2C+Ronda+G%3BRogers%2C+Ann+E&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Ronda&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=36&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+nursing&rft.issn=0002936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cyclazocine: comparison to hydromorphone and interaction with cocaine. AN - 71843214; 15096909 AB - Kappa-opioid agonists produce neurobiological and behavioral effects opposite to those of cocaine and may be useful for the treatment of cocaine dependence. To evaluate the kappa- and mu-agonist effects of cyclazocine and to test whether cyclazocine pretreatment would attenuate the effects of cocaine, healthy, male and female, experienced opiate and cocaine users (n = 13) were enrolled in a two-phase study. In Phase 1, placebo, cyclazocine (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg) and the mu-agonist hydromorphone (5 and 15 mg) were administered orally in six 4.5-hour sessions separated by at least 72 h. In Phase 2, cocaine (100 mg intranasal) was given 2 h after oral pretreatment with cyclazocine (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 0 mg, in that order) in each of six sessions conducted daily Monday to Friday and the following Monday. Physiological, subjective and behavioral measures were collected in each session. Nine participants completed Phase 1; eight completed Phase 2. Hydromorphone (15 mg) produced prototypic mu-agonist effects. Cyclazocine exhibited only modest kappa-like effects. Cyclazocine also had only modest, non-dose-related effects on response to cocaine. However, cocaine effects were consistently lower on the last administration (cyclazocine 0 mg pretreatment) following 4 days of cyclazocine pretreatment, compared to the first administration (0 mg pretreatment). This finding is unlikely to be fully attributable to cocaine tolerance and is not accounted for by pharmacokinetic changes; plasma concentrations of cocaine were not altered by cyclazocine. This study is suggestive but not strongly supportive for the use of kappa-opiate drugs to diminish acute effects of cocaine administration or for the use of these kappa agonists in drug abuse treatment applications. Copyright 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins JF - Behavioural pharmacology AU - Preston, K L AU - Umbricht, A AU - Schroeder, J R AU - Abreu, M E AU - Epstein, D H AU - Pickworth, W B AD - National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. kpreston@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 91 EP - 102 VL - 15 IS - 2 SN - 0955-8810, 0955-8810 KW - Receptors, Opioid, kappa KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Opioid, mu KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Cyclazocine KW - J5W1B1159C KW - Hydromorphone KW - Q812464R06 KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Administration, Intranasal KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- drug therapy KW - Adult KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Receptors, Opioid, kappa -- agonists KW - Hydromorphone -- therapeutic use KW - Receptors, Opioid, mu -- agonists KW - Hydromorphone -- pharmacology KW - Cyclazocine -- pharmacology KW - Cocaine -- pharmacology KW - Cocaine -- administration & dosage KW - Cyclazocine -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71843214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioural+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Cyclazocine%3A+comparison+to+hydromorphone+and+interaction+with+cocaine.&rft.au=Preston%2C+K+L%3BUmbricht%2C+A%3BSchroeder%2C+J+R%3BAbreu%2C+M+E%3BEpstein%2C+D+H%3BPickworth%2C+W+B&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Behavioural+pharmacology&rft.issn=09558810&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NMR regulatory analysis: determination and characterization of Chinese-herb aristolochic acids. AN - 71816087; 15074585 AB - 1H NMR methodology for the simultaneous determination and characterization of the nephrotoxic components of Aristolochia plants aristolochic acid I (AA-I) and aristolochic acid II (AA-II) was developed utilizing a 400 MHz spectrometer without the need of reference standards. The developed methodology is able to differentiate and assess chemical structures of these toxic injurious compounds. The quantity of each was calculated on the basis of the integrals for the signals of the H-7 and H-8 of the phenanthrene ring of AA-I and AA-II at delta7.38 and delta8.31, respectively, and the vinylic protons of the internal standard maleic acid at delta6.06. The accuracy of the method was established through the analysis of synthetic mixtures containing the internal standard maleic acid, with purified AA-I or combined AA-I and AA-II sodium salts. Excellent agreements were verified between the assay results and the quantities in the mixtures. The mean +/- SD recovery values for purified AA-I and combined AA-I and AA-II from two sets of 10 synthetic mixtures were 99.8 +/- 0.6% and 99.6 +/- 0.8%, respectively. The assay of 4 lots of commercial aristolochic acid by 1H NMR spectroscopy indicated AA-I and AA-II contents in the ranges 45.3-97.1% and 0-15.4%, respectively. JF - Die Pharmazie AU - Hanna, G M AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Northeast Regional Laboratory, 158-15 Liberty Avenue, Jamaica, New York 11433-1034, USA. ghanna@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 170 EP - 174 VL - 59 IS - 3 SN - 0031-7144, 0031-7144 KW - Aristolochic Acids KW - 0 KW - Drugs, Chinese Herbal KW - Solvents KW - aristolochic acid I KW - 94218WFP5T KW - Dimethyl Sulfoxide KW - YOW8V9698H KW - Index Medicus KW - Drugs, Chinese Herbal -- analysis KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet KW - Algorithms KW - Chromatography, Thin Layer KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Aristolochic Acids -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71816087?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthcompleteshell&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=Midwives%27+and+women%27s+views+of+childbirth+in+the+Gaza+Strip%2C+occupied+Palestinian+territory%3A+an+exploratory+study&rft.au=Ward%2C+Itimad+Abu&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Itimad&rft.date=2013-12-05&rft.volume=382&rft.issue=S4&rft.spage=S3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Lancet&rft.issn=01406736&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2813%2962575-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical pharmacists save thousands of lives: big decrease in dose-related adverse effects. AN - 71763094; 15040659 JF - Pharmacotherapy AU - Powell, J Robert AD - Food and Drug Administration, Office of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Rockville, Maryland, USA. bobpowell@comcast.net Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 422 EP - 425 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0277-0008, 0277-0008 KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Industry KW - Drug Information Services -- standards KW - Humans KW - Pharmaceutical Services -- trends KW - Forecasting KW - Pharmaceutical Services -- standards KW - Drug Labeling -- standards KW - Professional Role KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Pharmacists -- standards KW - Pharmacists -- ethics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71763094?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=Clinical+pharmacists+save+thousands+of+lives%3A+big+decrease+in+dose-related+adverse+effects.&rft.au=Powell%2C+J+Robert&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=422&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacotherapy&rft.issn=02770008&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of platform-independent gene expression markers of cisplatin nephrotoxicity. AN - 71735478; 15033599 AB - Within the International Life Sciences Institute Committee on Genomics, a working group was formed to focus on the application of microarray technology to preclinical assessments of drug-induced nephrotoxicity. As part of this effort, Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with the nephrotoxicant cisplatin at doses of 0.3-5 mg/kg over a 4- to 144-hr time course. RNA prepared from these animals was run on a variety of microarray formats at multiple sites. A set of 93 differentially expressed genes associated with cisplatin-induced renal injury was identified on the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) custom cDNA microarray platform using quadruplicate measurements of pooled animal RNA. The reproducibility of this profile of statistically significant gene changes on other platforms, in pooled and individual animal replicate samples, and in an independent study was investigated. A good correlation in response between platforms was found among the 48 genes in the NIEHS data set that could be matched to probes on the Affymetrix RGU34A array by UniGene identifier or sequence alignment. Similar results were obtained with genes that could be linked between the NIEHS and Incyte or PHASE-1 arrays. The degree of renal damage induced by cisplatin in individual animals was commensurate with the number of differentially expressed genes in this data set. These results suggest that gene profiles linked to specific types of tissue injury or mechanisms of toxicity and identified in well-performed replicated microarray experiments may be extrapolatable across platform technologies, laboratories, and in-life studies. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Thompson, Karol L AU - Afshari, Cynthia A AU - Amin, Rupesh P AU - Bertram, Timothy A AU - Car, Bruce AU - Cunningham, Michael AU - Kind, Clive AU - Kramer, Jeffrey A AU - Lawton, Michael AU - Mirsky, Michael AU - Naciff, Jorge M AU - Oreffo, Victor AU - Pine, P Scott AU - Sistare, Frank D AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Life Sciences Building 64, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA. Thompsonk@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 488 EP - 494 VL - 112 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Cisplatin KW - Q20Q21Q62J KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Kidney -- pathology KW - Cisplatin -- toxicity KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- methods KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- toxicity KW - Gene Expression Profiling -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71735478?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Midwifery+Today&rft.atitle=Informed+Consent%2FHomebirth+Agreement&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=1989-08-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Midwifery+Today&rft.issn=08917701&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Mar;112(4):506-10 [15033601] Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Mar;112(4):480-7 [15033598] Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Sep 1;25(17):3389-402 [9254694] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2001 Aug 15;175(1):28-42 [11509024] Toxicol Sci. 2001 Oct;63(2):196-207 [11568363] Mol Pharmacol. 2001 Dec;60(6):1189-94 [11723225] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Mar 8;291(4):787-94 [11866434] Bioinformatics. 2002 Mar;18(3):405-12 [11934739] Toxicol Sci. 2002 Jun;67(2):219-31 [12011481] Cancer Res. 2002 Aug 1;62(15):4427-33 [12154050] Nat Rev Genet. 2002 Aug;3(8):579-88 [12154381] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Aug 23;296(3):544-52 [12176015] Toxicol Sci. 2002 Oct;69(2):383-90 [12377987] Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Jan 1;31(1):82-6 [12519953] Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Mar;112(4):460-4 [15033596] Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Mar;112(4):465-79 [15033597] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Oct 1;93(20):10614-9 [8855227] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spatial learning/memory and social and nonsocial behaviors in the spontaneously hypertensive, Wistar-Kyoto and Sprague-Dawley rat strains. AN - 71711126; 15006470 AB - The Spontaneously Hypertensive rat (SHR) is often described as less behaviorally reactive than its normotensive strain, the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), although results are somewhat inconsistent across studies. In part, this may be due to the lack of a definitive characterization of "reactivity." Still, results from identical behavioral tests of SHR and WKY across studies are sometimes conflicting. Further, few comparisons with other rodent strains are available and these might provide guidance in outlining the meaning of reactivity. Here, social and nonsocial behaviors and spatial learning and memory were measured in male and female SHR, WKY, and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Systolic blood pressure measurements at adulthood confirmed hypertension in the SHR. Juvenile play behavior indicated that SHRs were more sensitive to the strain of their play partner than were the WKY or SD, playing less with different strain partners than with same strain partners. However, adult dominance behavior (restricted access in a water competition test) indicated no strain differences. The SHR appeared to exhibit attenuated acoustic startle relative to the WKY and SD and their prepulse inhibition was substantially less at higher prepulse decibel intensities; however, this decreased prepulse inhibition was not the result of decreased startle during the test. Anxiety-related behavior in the elevated plus maze was most prominent in the SD strain, possibly as a result of poorer motor coordination as measured by rotarod performance. Elevated plus maze behavior as well as motor coordination did not differ between the SHR and WKY strains. Performance in the NCTR complex maze and the Morris water maze was significantly better in the SHR. These results do not support hypotheses of decreased behavioral reactivity in the SHR strain. Rather, they suggest complex interactions between social and nonsocial environments and the behavioral capabilities and requirements of the rat strain. JF - Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior AU - Ferguson, Sherry A AU - Cada, Amy M AD - Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, HFT-132, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. sferguson@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 583 EP - 594 VL - 77 IS - 3 SN - 0091-3057, 0091-3057 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Rats, Inbred WKY KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Reflex, Startle -- genetics KW - Hypertension -- physiopathology KW - Maze Learning -- physiology KW - Hypertension -- psychology KW - Social Behavior KW - Hypertension -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71711126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.atitle=Spatial+learning%2Fmemory+and+social+and+nonsocial+behaviors+in+the+spontaneously+hypertensive%2C+Wistar-Kyoto+and+Sprague-Dawley+rat+strains.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Sherry+A%3BCada%2C+Amy+M&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Sherry&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacology%2C+biochemistry%2C+and+behavior&rft.issn=00913057&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Datapoints: Trends in naltrexone use among members of a large private health plan. AN - 71704197; 15001719 JF - Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) AU - Harris, Katherine M AU - DeVries, Andrea AU - Dimidjian, Kelli AD - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, NIMH/NIH, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 16-105, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. kharris@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 221 VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 1075-2730, 1075-2730 KW - Naltrexone KW - 5S6W795CQM KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Alcoholism -- drug therapy KW - Insurance, Health KW - Naltrexone -- therapeutic use KW - Drug Therapy -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71704197?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychiatric+services+%28Washington%2C+D.C.%29&rft.atitle=Datapoints%3A+Trends+in+naltrexone+use+among+members+of+a+large+private+health+plan.&rft.au=Harris%2C+Katherine+M%3BDeVries%2C+Andrea%3BDimidjian%2C+Kelli&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychiatric+services+%28Washington%2C+D.C.%29&rft.issn=10752730&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unconditional hyperactivity and transient reinforcing effects of NMDA administration into the ventral tegmental area in rats. AN - 71686185; 14634715 AB - The dopaminergic projection from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens plays an important role in positive reinforcement and locomotion. Intra-VTA administration of many drugs capable of activating these neurons has been shown to be reinforcing and induce locomotion. Administration of the excitatory amino acid NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) into the VTA may likewise be positively reinforcing, because it stimulates the meso-accumbens dopamine system and locomotion. Locomotor-rearing experiments were conducted to pinpoint the range of NMDA concentrations that induce significant locomotion and rearing, and to determine whether co-administration of the glycine binding site agonist d-serine would enhance the effects of NMDA administration into the VTA. Reinforcing effects of NMDA were assessed by intracranial self-administration procedures: a lever-press delivered a 75-nl infusion containing NMDA (0.1, 0.3 or 1.0 mM) plus serine into the VTA or an adjacent region, the supramammillary nucleus. Co-administration of serine slightly enhanced rearing induced by NMDA administration. Administration of NMDA at concentrations of 0.3 or 1.0 mM (500 nl) induced vigorous locomotion and rearing. NMDA (0.3 mM) was self-administered into the VTA slightly more than vehicle in the first or second sessions, yet this small reinforcing effect became irregular in subsequent sessions. The rats did not learn to self-administer NMDA into the supramammillary nucleus. Ventral tegmental NMDA injections, in the concentration range that induced marked unconditional hyperactivity, supported only marginal and transient self-administration. JF - Psychopharmacology AU - Ikemoto, Satoshi AD - Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. sikemoto@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 202 EP - 210 VL - 172 IS - 2 SN - 0033-3158, 0033-3158 KW - N-Methylaspartate KW - 6384-92-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Male KW - Injections, Intraventricular KW - Reinforcement (Psychology) KW - N-Methylaspartate -- administration & dosage KW - Hyperkinesis -- chemically induced KW - Conditioning (Psychology) -- physiology KW - Ventral Tegmental Area -- drug effects KW - Ventral Tegmental Area -- physiology KW - Conditioning (Psychology) -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71686185?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Unconditional+hyperactivity+and+transient+reinforcing+effects+of+NMDA+administration+into+the+ventral+tegmental+area+in+rats.&rft.au=Ikemoto%2C+Satoshi&rft.aulast=Ikemoto&rft.aufirst=Satoshi&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=172&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Psychopharmacology&rft.issn=00333158&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality among a cohort of garment workers exposed to formaldehyde: an update. AN - 71682776; 14985513 AB - To evaluate the mortality experience of 11 039 workers exposed to formaldehyde for three months or more in three garment plants. The mean time weighted average formaldehyde exposure at the plants in the early 1980s was 0.15 ppm but past exposures may have been substantially higher. Vital status was updated through 1998, and life table analyses were conducted. Mortality from all causes (2206 deaths, standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.96) and all cancers (SMR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97) was less than expected based on US mortality rates. A non-significant increase in mortality from myeloid leukaemia (15 deaths, SMR 1.44, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.37) was observed. Mortality from myeloid leukaemia was greatest among workers first exposed in the earliest years when exposures were presumably higher, among workers with 10 or more years of exposure, and among workers with 20 or more years since first exposure. No nasal or nasopharyngeal cancers were observed. Mortality from trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer (147 deaths, SMR 0.98, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.15) was not increased. Multiple cause mortality from leukaemia was increased almost twofold among workers with both 10 or more years of exposure and 20 years or more since first exposure (15 deaths, SMR 1.92, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.17). Multiple cause mortality from myeloid leukaemia among this group of workers was also significantly increased (8 deaths, SMR 2.55, 95% CI 1.10 to 5.03). Results support a possible relation between formaldehyde exposure and myeloid leukaemia mortality. Previous epidemiological studies supporting a relation between formaldehyde exposure and leukaemia mortality have been primarily of formaldehyde exposed professional groups, not formaldehyde exposed industrial workers. Limitations include limited power to detect an excess for rare cancers such as nasal and nasopharyngeal cancers and lack of individual exposure estimates. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Pinkerton, L E AU - Hein, M J AU - Stayner, L T AD - Industrywide Studies Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. LPinkerton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 193 EP - 200 VL - 61 IS - 3 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Leukemia, Myeloid -- mortality KW - Leukemia, Myeloid -- chemically induced KW - Georgia -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Pennsylvania -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Formaldehyde -- toxicity KW - Clothing KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71682776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+among+a+cohort+of+garment+workers+exposed+to+formaldehyde%3A+an+update.&rft.au=Pinkerton%2C+L+E%3BHein%2C+M+J%3BStayner%2C+L+T&rft.aulast=Pinkerton&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=193&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=1470-7926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Toxicology. 2001 Mar 7;160(1-3):165-72 [11246136] Cancer Res. 1980 Sep;40(9):3398-402 [7427950] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1982 Apr;68(4):597-603 [6951075] Int J Cancer. 1983 Apr 15;31(4):407-11 [6832852] J Occup Med. 1983 Feb;25(2):115-24 [6687607] Am J Ind Med. 1985;7(3):229-40 [3985015] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986 Jun;76(6):1071-84 [3458945] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1986 Dec;77(6):1217-24 [3467114] Am J Ind Med. 1988;13(6):667-81 [3389362] J Occup Med. 1990 Nov;32(11):1091-8 [2258764] Am J Ind Med. 1990;18(6):641-52 [2264563] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1990 Dec;16(6):381-93 [2284588] Am J Epidemiol. 1992 Oct 1;136(7):855-62 [1442751] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1993 Feb;19(1):8-15 [8465176] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Sep;50(9):827-34 [8398877] Cancer Causes Control. 1995 Jul;6(4):354-60 [7548723] J Occup Environ Med. 1995 Jul;37(7):826-37 [7552467] J Occup Environ Med. 1997 Jul;39(7):639-51 [9253725] Am J Ind Med. 1998 Nov;34(5):517-8 [9787858] Comment In: Occup Environ Med. 2004 Nov;61(11):875-6 [15477279] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicoproteomics: serum proteomic pattern diagnostics for early detection of drug induced cardiac toxicities and cardioprotection. AN - 66646990; 15209412 AB - Proteomics is more than just generating lists of proteins that increase or decrease in expression as a cause or consequence of pathology. The goal should be to characterize the information flow through the intercellular protein circuitry which communicates with the extracellular microenvironment and then ultimately to the serum/plasma macroenvironment. The nature of this information can be a cause, or a consequence, of disease and toxicity based processes as cascades of reinforcing information percolate through the system and become reflected in changing proteomic information content of the circulation. Serum Proteomic Pattern Diagnostics is a new type of proteomic platform in which patterns of proteomic signatures from high dimensional mass spectrometry data are used as a diagnostic classifier. While this approach has shown tremendous promise in early detection of cancers, detection of drug-induced toxicity may also be possible with this same technology. Analysis of serum from rat models of anthracycline and anthracenedione induced cardiotoxicity indicate the potential clinical utility of diagnostic proteomic patterns where low molecular weight peptides and protein fragments may have higher accuracy than traditional biomarkers of cardiotoxicity such as troponins. These fragments may one day be harvested by circulating nanoparticles designed to absorb, enrich and amplify the diagnostic biomarker repertoire generated even at the critical initial stages of toxicity. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Petricoin, Emanuel F AU - Rajapaske, Vinodh AU - Herman, Eugene H AU - Arekani, Ali M AU - Ross, Sally AU - Johann, Donald AU - Knapton, Alan AU - Zhang, J AU - Hitt, Ben A AU - Conrads, Thomas P AU - Veenstra, Timothy D AU - Liotta, Lance A AU - Sistare, Frank D AD - FDA-NCI Clinical Proteomics Program, Office of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologic Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. petricoin@cber.fda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 122 EP - 130 VL - 32 Suppl 1 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Anthracyclines KW - 0 KW - Anthraquinones KW - Blood Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Anthracyclines -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Molecular Diagnostic Techniques -- instrumentation KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization KW - Anthraquinones -- toxicity KW - Time Factors KW - Molecular Diagnostic Techniques -- methods KW - Models, Biological KW - Nanotechnology KW - Proteomics KW - Cardiomyopathies -- prevention & control KW - Cardiomyopathies -- chemically induced KW - Toxicology KW - Blood Proteins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66646990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Toxicoproteomics%3A+serum+proteomic+pattern+diagnostics+for+early+detection+of+drug+induced+cardiac+toxicities+and+cardioprotection.&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+Emanuel+F%3BRajapaske%2C+Vinodh%3BHerman%2C+Eugene+H%3BArekani%2C+Ali+M%3BRoss%2C+Sally%3BJohann%2C+Donald%3BKnapton%2C+Alan%3BZhang%2C+J%3BHitt%2C+Ben+A%3BConrads%2C+Thomas+P%3BVeenstra%2C+Timothy+D%3BLiotta%2C+Lance+A%3BSistare%2C+Frank+D&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=32+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of transgenic mice in carcinogenicity hazard assessment. AN - 66646779; 15209403 AB - Determining the carcinogenic potential of materials to which humans have significant exposure is an important, complex and imperfect exercise. Not only are the methods for such determinations protracted, expensive and utilize large numbers of animals, extrapolation of data from such studies to human risk is imprecise. Toxicologists have long recognized these shortcomings but the 2-year chronic rodent study has remained the gold standard. Recent developments in the field of molecular oncology and development of methods to insert or inactivate specific genes in animals have provided the tools with which to develop the next generation of carcinogenicity assays. With improved understanding of oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation a number of animal models have been developed to dramatically reduce latency for chemically induced cancers. This has led to the development of shorter carcinogenicity assays. Also, because the spontaneous tumor frequencies in these animals are low during the in-life portion of the study, and studies are terminated well before the health complications of advanced aging are observed, it has been possible to reduce the group sizes and reduce animal usage. FDA's adoption of ICH S1B in 1997, (ICH, 1997) "Testing for the Carcinogenicity of Pharmaceuticals," opened the door for the use of such transgenic models in regulatory toxicology. This presentation reviews the current state of the science and its application to regulatory issues. JF - Toxicologic pathology AU - Jacobson-Kram, David AU - Sistare, Frank D AU - Jacobs, Abigail C AD - Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. jacobsonkram@cder.fda.gov PY - 2004 SP - 49 EP - 52 VL - 32 Suppl 1 SN - 0192-6233, 0192-6233 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Government Regulation KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- genetics KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Risk Assessment -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66646779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.atitle=Use+of+transgenic+mice+in+carcinogenicity+hazard+assessment.&rft.au=Jacobson-Kram%2C+David%3BSistare%2C+Frank+D%3BJacobs%2C+Abigail+C&rft.aulast=Jacobson-Kram&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=32+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=49&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicologic+pathology&rft.issn=01926233&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - GEN T1 - A Tribal Guide to the "Good Start, Grow Smart" Early Learning Initiative AN - 62059663; ED493427 AB - In 2001 Congress passed the "No Child Left Behind Act," the Bush Administration's Education Reform Bill. This Act drew attention to the need for young children to be given the opportunity to learn fundamental skills that will prepare them for success in school. The "Good Start, Grow Smart" ("GSGS") Initiative was introduced by the Bush Administration in April 2002 as the next step in education reform. The goal of the Initiative is to ensure that young children are equipped with the skills they will need to start school ready to learn. The Initiative focuses on strengthening Head Start; partnering with States to improve early learning; and providing parents, teachers, and caregivers with information on early learning. The Child Care Bureau's approach to working with Tribes on "Good Start, Grow Smart" has been an intentionally slower process to ensure that tribal differences (such as size, geography, culture and language) are taken into account. Through discussion groups and conference sessions, the Child Care Bureau is encouraging input from Tribes on the best ways to adapt "Good Start, Grow Smart" in tribal communities. This document discusses this topic and offers helpful information in the following sections: (1) Early Childhood Education Reform Timeline; (2) "Good Start, Grow Smart" Summary; (3) Frequently Asked Questions; and (4) State Contact Information. [This publication was prepared by the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services/Administration for Children and Families Child Care Bureau.] Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 20 PB - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 200 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20201. KW - No Child Left Behind Act 2001 KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Young Children KW - Cooperation KW - American Indians KW - Tribes KW - Caregivers KW - State Government KW - Federal Legislation KW - Educational Change KW - Basic Skills KW - Disadvantaged Youth KW - American Indian Education KW - Educational Quality KW - Learning Readiness UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62059663?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Geophysical methods to detect stress in underground mines AN - 51824376; 2004-056300 AB - Highly stressed rock in stopes continues to be a primary safety risk for miners in underground mines because this condition can result in failures of ground that lead to both injuries and death. Personnel from the Spokane Research Laboratory of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health studied two methods for identifying stress in rock. A seismic tomographic survey, finite-difference analysis, laboratory measurements of compression wave (ultrasonic) velocities in rock cores, and site geology were integrated to evaluate the use of seismic tomography for identifying induced pressures in an underground pillar at the Edgar Mine, Idaho Springs, CO. Electromagnetic (EM) emissions were also investigated in the Galena Mine, a deep underground mine in Idaho, in an effort to determine if these emissions could be used as indicators of impending catastrophic ground failure. Results of this research indicated that (1) seismic tomography appears to be a useful tool for determining relative stress in underground pillars, while (2) EM emissions do not appear to be significant precursors of impending catastrophic ground failure. JF - Report of Investigations - NIOSH AU - Scott, Douglas F AU - Williams, Theodore J AU - Tesarik, Douglas AU - Denton, David K AU - Knoll, Steven J AU - Jordan, John Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - March 2004 SP - 18 PB - U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, D.C. KW - United States KW - tomography KW - mining KW - mines KW - failures KW - experimental studies KW - Idaho Springs Colorado KW - underground mining KW - finite difference analysis KW - stress KW - geophysical methods KW - Clear Creek County Colorado KW - elastic waves KW - waveforms KW - seismic methods KW - rock mechanics KW - laboratory studies KW - Edgar Mine KW - mining geology KW - electromagnetic methods KW - room-and-pillar mining KW - seismic waves KW - Colorado KW - 30:Engineering geology KW - 20:Applied geophysics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51824376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/GeoRef&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Scott%2C+Douglas+F%3BWilliams%2C+Theodore+J%3BTesarik%2C+Douglas%3BDenton%2C+David+K%3BKnoll%2C+Steven+J%3BJordan%2C+John&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Geophysical+methods+to+detect+stress+in+underground+mines&rft.title=Geophysical+methods+to+detect+stress+in+underground+mines&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 51 N1 - PubXState - D.C. N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables, sketch maps N1 - SuppNotes - Includes appendices N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #05111 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clear Creek County Colorado; Colorado; Edgar Mine; elastic waves; electromagnetic methods; experimental studies; failures; finite difference analysis; geophysical methods; Idaho Springs Colorado; laboratory studies; mines; mining; mining geology; rock mechanics; room-and-pillar mining; seismic methods; seismic waves; stress; tomography; underground mining; United States; waveforms ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Transplacental Exposure to the DNA Demethylating Agent, 5-AZA-CdR, Affects the Sexual Behavior of CD-1 Male Mice AN - 19268787; 5842536 AB - Intrauterine exposure to 5-AZA-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) alters gene expression causing malformations, abnormal post-natal growth and altered reproductive capacity. To elucidate whether the phenomenon observed in 5-AZA-CdR in utero exposed male mice was a behavioral alteration, at gestation day (GD) 10, CD-1 pregnant mice were administered 1 mg/kg i.p. of 5-AZA-CdR or saline solution. After parturition, the number and sex of pups were recorded. While litter size was not affected, the ratio of male to female offspring was altered in treated mice. To determine whether the phenotypic observation of male gender corresponded to the appropriate genotype, presence of Sry gene in 5-AZA-CdR F1 males was determined. At 3 months of age, the male sexual behavior test outlined by Chubb was conducted. Presence of vaginal plug and pregnancy were determined in the natural breeding phase. Mount latency and number of mounts per mouse were assessed in the behavioral test phase. In utero exposed male mice resulted in diminished mating behavior (as measured by vaginal plug presence, mount latency and number of mounts) and reduced sexual interest while exposed to a receptive female. While normal presence of Sry gene was observed, mating behavior was altered in exposed males suggesting that the reproductive alteration could be attributed to a behavioral phenomenon. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Cisneros, F J AU - Branch, S AD - National Center for Toxicological Research /FDA, 3900 NCTR Drive, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, fcisneros@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 411 EP - 417 PB - Intox Press VL - 25 IS - 3 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - males KW - mice KW - 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Prenatal experience KW - Sexual behavior KW - X 24115:Pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19268787?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Transplacental+Exposure+to+the+DNA+Demethylating+Agent%2C+5-AZA-CdR%2C+Affects+the+Sexual+Behavior+of+CD-1+Male+Mice&rft.au=Cisneros%2C+F+J%3BBranch%2C+S&rft.aulast=Cisneros&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=411&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.neuro.2003.09.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prenatal experience; Sexual behavior DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2003.09.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Unexpected pulmonary uptake of adenovirus vectors in animals with chronic liver disease AN - 19267034; 5850413 AB - When adenovirus vectors are injected intravenously, most of the virions are quickly taken up by the reticuloendothelial system, primarily by the liver macrophages known as Kupffer cells. However, little is known about the behavior of adenovirus vectors when there is pre-existing liver disease. To study this, we examined the biodistribution of intravenously injected vector in a rat model of cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation. Using quantitative PCR and fluorescently tagged adenovirus vectors, we observed a significant reduction in vector uptake by the cirrhotic liver and increased accumulation in the lungs. Immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy demonstrated that this was due to changes in the reticuloendothelial system, with the vector being taken up by large numbers of pulmonary intravascular macrophages in the lungs of cirrhotic rats. Interestingly, expression of vector-encoded luciferase was significantly reduced in the livers of cirrhotic rats, but was not increased in the lungs. These data demonstrate that the biodistribution of adenovirus vectors in rats is altered by cirrhosis, which suggests the possibility that these vectors might behave unexpectedly in patients with pre-existing liver conditions, particularly since pulmonary reticuloendothelial changes are known to occur in human disease. JF - Gene Therapy AU - Smith, J S AU - Tian, J AU - Muller, J AU - Byrnes, A P AD - Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, HFM-725, FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 8800 Rockville Pike, 29B/2E20, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 431 EP - 438 VL - 11 IS - 5 SN - 0969-7128, 0969-7128 KW - rats KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Expression vectors KW - Cirrhosis KW - Liver diseases KW - Adenovirus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Reticuloendothelial system KW - Electron microscopy KW - W3 33181:Gene therapy vectors KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 120:Genetic Engineering in Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19267034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=Unexpected+pulmonary+uptake+of+adenovirus+vectors+in+animals+with+chronic+liver+disease&rft.au=Smith%2C+J+S%3BTian%2C+J%3BMuller%2C+J%3BByrnes%2C+A+P&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=431&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=09697128&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.gt.3302149 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adenovirus; Expression vectors; Reticuloendothelial system; Liver diseases; Polymerase chain reaction; Cirrhosis; Electron microscopy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3302149 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunization with a DNA Vaccine Cocktail Protects Mice Lacking CD4 Cells against an Aerogenic Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis AN - 19260315; 5837974 AB - Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic disease and a potentially fatal complication among immunocompromised individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Effective vaccination against TB in persons with HIV has been considered unlikely because of the central role that CD4 cells play in controlling tuberculous infections. Here we show that the vaccination of CD8 super(-/-) mice with a TB DNA vaccine cocktail did not significantly enhance protective responses to a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In contrast, immunization with a DNA vaccine cocktail or with the current TB vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, induced considerable antituberculosis protective immunity in immune-deficient mice lacking CD4 cells. In vaccinated CD4 super(-/-) animals, substantially reduced bacterial burdens in organs and much improved lung pathology were seen 1 month after an aerogenic M. tuberculosis challenge. Importantly, the postchallenge mean times to death of vaccinated CD4 super(-/-) mice were significantly extended (mean with DNA cocktail, 172 plus or minus 7 days; mean with BCG, 156 plus or minus 22 days) compared to that of naive CD4 super(-/-) mice (33 plus or minus 6 days). Furthermore, the treatment of DNA-vaccinated CD4 super(-/-) mice with an anti-CD8 or anti-gamma interferon (IFN- gamma ) antibody significantly reduced the effect of immunization, and neither IFN- gamma super(-/-) nor tumor necrosis factor receptor-deficient mice were protected by DNA immunization; therefore, the primary vaccine-induced protective mechanism in these immune- deficient mice likely involves the secretion of cytokines from activated CD8 cells. The substantial CD8-mediated protective immunity that was generated in the absence of CD4 cells suggests that it may be possible to develop effective TB vaccines for use in HIV-infected populations. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Derrick, S C AU - Repique, C AU - Snoy, P AU - Yang, AL AU - Morris, S AD - LMDCI, FDA/CBER, 29 Lincoln Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, morris@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 1685 EP - 1692 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 72 IS - 3 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - mice KW - HIV KW - CD8 antigen KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome KW - DNA vaccines KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Tuberculosis KW - g-Interferon KW - ^g-Interferon KW - BCG KW - Human immunodeficiency virus KW - Vaccines KW - Mycobacterium tuberculosis KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - F 06756:Function KW - W3 33345:DNA vaccines KW - F 06860:CMI KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - N 14800:Immunological aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19260315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Immunization+with+a+DNA+Vaccine+Cocktail+Protects+Mice+Lacking+CD4+Cells+against+an+Aerogenic+Infection+with+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis&rft.au=Derrick%2C+S+C%3BRepique%2C+C%3BSnoy%2C+P%3BYang%2C+AL%3BMorris%2C+S&rft.aulast=Derrick&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1685&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.72.3.1685-1692.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Human immunodeficiency virus; DNA vaccines; Vaccines; Tuberculosis; Lymphocytes T; BCG; g-Interferon; Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; ^g-Interferon; CD8 antigen DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.72.3.1685-1692.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multidisciplinary study of the immediate effects of mechanical clam harvesting in the Venice Lagoon AN - 18066457; 6081139 AB - In the Venice Lagoon, clam (Tapes philippinarum) harvesting is carried out mainly by means of a gear locally called 'rusca', developed by local fishermen. The rusca consists of an iron cage, an outboard engine propeller, which produces a water flow directed onto the bottom suspending sediments and fauna, and a net bag where the clams are collected. The aim of this study was to provide an analysis of the immediate effects of rusca fishing on a wide spectrum of ecosystem compartments: sediment biogeochemistry, sediment resuspension, and macro- and meiofauna community. Rusca fishing produced a V-shaped furrow (about 60 cm wide and 7 cm deep) and a plume of resuspended sediment with a significant increase (up to two orders of magnitude greater than undisturbed areas) of suspended particulate matter (SPM) and increased C sub(tot), C sub(org), N sub(tot), and sulphide concentrations in the water column. Experimental rusca hauls significantly reduced macrofauna density, while no significant effect on meiofauna was detected. Results are also discussed in terms of basin-scale impact, attempting to compare natural and anthropogenic disturbance. JF - ICES journal of marine science AU - Pranovi, F AU - Ponte, Fda AU - Raicevich, S AU - Giovanardi, O AD - Dipartimento Scienze Ambientali, Universita Ca' Foscari di Venezia, 2737/B Castello, 30122 Venezia Italy, fpranovi@unive.it Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 43 EP - 52 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 1054-3139, 1054-3139 KW - Japanese littleneck KW - ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - MED, Italy, Venezia Gulf KW - Clam fisheries KW - MED, Italy, Venezia KW - Fishing gear KW - Tapes philippinarum KW - Sedimentary environments KW - Bottom stress KW - Ecosystem disturbance KW - Q1 08563:Fishing gear and methods KW - Q5 08521:Mechanical and natural changes UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18066457?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ICES+journal+of+marine+science&rft.atitle=A+multidisciplinary+study+of+the+immediate+effects+of+mechanical+clam+harvesting+in+the+Venice+Lagoon&rft.au=Pranovi%2C+F%3BPonte%2C+Fda%3BRaicevich%2C+S%3BGiovanardi%2C+O&rft.aulast=Pranovi&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=43&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ICES+journal+of+marine+science&rft.issn=10543139&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.icesjms.2003.10.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Physical medium: Printed matter N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clam fisheries; Fishing gear; Sedimentary environments; Bottom stress; Ecosystem disturbance; Tapes philippinarum; MED, Italy, Venezia Gulf; MED, Italy, Venezia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2003.10.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Applying New Biotechnologies to the Study of Occupational Cancer - A Workshop Summary AN - 17986971; 5914941 AB - As high-throughput technologies in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics evolve, questions arise about their use in the assessment of occupational cancers. To address these questions, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the American Chemistry Council sponsored a workshop 8-9 May 2002 in Washington, DC. The workshop brought together 80 international specialists whose objective was to identify the means for best exploiting new technologies to enhance methods for laboratory investigation, epidemiologic evaluation, risk assessment, and prevention of occupational cancer. The workshop focused on identifying and interpreting markers for early biologic effect and inherited modifiers of risk. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Toraason, M AU - Albertini, R AU - Bayard, S AU - Bigbee, W AU - Blair, A AU - Boffetta, P AU - Bonassi, S AU - Chanock, S AU - Christiani, D AU - Eastmond, D AU - Hanash, S AU - Henry, C AU - Kadlubar, F AU - Mirer, F AD - NIOSH C23, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, mtoraason@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 413 EP - 416 VL - 112 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Conferences KW - Cancer KW - risk reduction KW - occupational diseases KW - Reviews KW - Occupational hazards KW - Biotechnology KW - Occupational exposure KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17986971?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Applying+New+Biotechnologies+to+the+Study+of+Occupational+Cancer+-+A+Workshop+Summary&rft.au=Toraason%2C+M%3BAlbertini%2C+R%3BBayard%2C+S%3BBigbee%2C+W%3BBlair%2C+A%3BBoffetta%2C+P%3BBonassi%2C+S%3BChanock%2C+S%3BChristiani%2C+D%3BEastmond%2C+D%3BHanash%2C+S%3BHenry%2C+C%3BKadlubar%2C+F%3BMirer%2C+F&rft.aulast=Toraason&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=413&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Ftxg.6343 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Reviews; Occupational hazards; Cancer; Occupational exposure; Biotechnology; risk reduction; occupational diseases; Conferences DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/txg.6343 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dye-Bias Correction in Dual-Labeled cDNA Microarray Gene Expression Measurements AN - 17971932; 5914951 AB - A significant limitation to the analytical accuracy and precision of dual-labeled spotted cDNA microarrays is the signal error due to dye bias. Transcript-dependent dye bias may be due to gene-specific differences of incorporation of two distinctly different chemical dyes and the resultant differential hybridization efficiencies of these two chemically different targets for the same probe. Several approaches were used to assess and minimize the effects of dye bias on fluorescent hybridization signals and maximize the experimental design efficiency of a cell culture experiment. Dye bias was measured at the individual transcript level within each batch of simultaneously processed arrays by replicate dual-labeled split-control sample hybridizations and accounted for a significant component of fluorescent signal differences. This transcript-dependent dye bias alone could introduce unacceptably high numbers of both false-positive and false-negative signals. We found that within a given set of concurrently processed hybridizations, the bias is remarkably consistent and therefore measurable and correctable. The additional microarrays and reagents required for paired technical replicate dye-swap corrections commonly performed to control for dye bias could be costly to end users. Incorporating split-control microarrays within a set of concurrently processed hybridizations to specifically measure dye bias can eliminate the need for technical dye swap replicates and reduce microarray and reagent costs while maintaining experimental accuracy and technical precision. These data support a practical and more efficient experimental design to measure and mathematically correct for dye bias. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Rosenzweig, BA AU - Pine, P S AU - Domon, O E AU - Morris, S M AU - Chen, J J AU - Sistare, F D AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research (HFD-910), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. FDA, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Life Sciences Building 64, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA, rosenzweigb@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 480 EP - 487 VL - 112 IS - 4 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Bioassays KW - Dyes KW - Toxicity testing KW - DNA microarrays KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17971932?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Dye-Bias+Correction+in+Dual-Labeled+cDNA+Microarray+Gene+Expression+Measurements&rft.au=Rosenzweig%2C+BA%3BPine%2C+P+S%3BDomon%2C+O+E%3BMorris%2C+S+M%3BChen%2C+J+J%3BSistare%2C+F+D&rft.aulast=Rosenzweig&rft.aufirst=BA&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=480&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Ftxg.6694 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioassays; Dyes; DNA microarrays; Toxicity testing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/txg.6694 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - CbsT2 from Lactobacillus johnsonii 100-100 Is a Transport Protein of the Major Facilitator Superfamily That Facilitates Bile Acid Antiport AN - 17426639; 6539048 AB - We previously identified two conjugated bile acid transporters, CbsT1 and CbsT2, in Lactobacillus johnsonii 100-100 and Lactobacillus acidophilus KS-13 that are gene duplicates encoded in tandem with a conjugated bile salt hydrolase (BSH) [Elkins and Savage, J. Bacteriol. 180:4344-4349, 1998; Elkins et al., Microbiology 147: 3403-3412, 2001]. CbsT2 from 100-100 was shown to increase taurocholic acid (TCA) uptake in Escherichia coli; however, higher levels were achieved when an extracellular factor (EF) from 100-100 was present in the assay medium (spent medium from 100-100, pH 4.2). We continued this study here to determine the role of EF in this transport system. Kinetic studies revealed that the previously observed CbsT2- and EF-mediated TCA accumulation is rapid (<15 s) but not saturable, suggesting that EF is limiting. In addition, uptake of TCA by E. coli expressing CbsT2 was insensitive to ionophores, 2,4-dinitrophenol and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, and thus, is independent of the proton motive force. Since BSH converts [24- super(14)C]TCA to [24- super(14)C]cholic acid (CA), we measured net radiolabel uptake in E. coli cells expressing transporter(s) and BSH. Interestingly, such cells accumulated less super(14)C radiolabel (by approximately half) than cells expressing CbsT2 alone. These data can be explained if CA diffuses out of E. coli through the transporter(s). We, therefore, added exogenous, unlabeled CA to EF-spent media, which under our assay conditions, performed similarly to EF+ culture supernatant in TCA and CA uptake assays. Thus, unlabeled CA (a protonated, neutral lipophile) can partition directly into E. coli cells especially at low pH. These findings were validated in uptake assays with [ super(3)H]TCA, which yields [ super(3)H]taurine (a hydrophilic moiety) upon hydrolysis by the BSH. Amounts of cell-associated super(3)H radiolabel remained similar in cells expressing CbsT2 and BSH versus cells expressing only CbsT2, both of which were higher than in cells expressing BSH alone. Our data support a hypothesis that these transporters, which comprise a new subfamily of the major facilitator superfamily, facilitate antiport of TCA and CA. JF - Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology AU - Elkins, CA AU - Savage, D C AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Drive, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502 (USA), Caelkins@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/03// PY - 2004 DA - Mar 2004 SP - 76 EP - 87 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 1464-1801, 1464-1801 KW - CbsT2 protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Protein transport KW - 2,4-Dinitrophenol KW - Lactobacillus johnsonii KW - Protons KW - Lactobacillus acidophilus KW - Cell culture KW - Antiport KW - Hydrolysis KW - gene duplication KW - hydrolase KW - Bile salts KW - Kinetics KW - taurocholic acid KW - Escherichia coli KW - carbonyls KW - Ionophores KW - pH effects KW - Media (culture) KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17426639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.atitle=CbsT2+from+Lactobacillus+johnsonii+100-100+Is+a+Transport+Protein+of+the+Major+Facilitator+Superfamily+That+Facilitates+Bile+Acid+Antiport&rft.au=Elkins%2C+CA%3BSavage%2C+D+C&rft.aulast=Elkins&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2004-03-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Molecular+Microbiology+and+Biotechnology&rft.issn=14641801&rft_id=info:doi/10.1159%2F000076738 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Protein transport; 2,4-Dinitrophenol; Protons; Cell culture; Antiport; Hydrolysis; gene duplication; hydrolase; Bile salts; taurocholic acid; Kinetics; pH effects; Ionophores; carbonyls; Media (culture); Lactobacillus johnsonii; Lactobacillus acidophilus; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000076738 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Position-specific suppression and enhancement of HIV-1 integrase reactions by minor groove benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide deoxyguanine adducts: implications for molecular interactions between integrase and substrates. AN - 80181882; 14627697 AB - The viral protein HIV-1 integrase is required for insertion of the viral genome into human chromosomes and for viral replication. Integration proceeds in two consecutive integrase-mediated reactions: 3'-processing and strand transfer. To investigate the DNA minor groove interactions of integrase relative to known sites of integrase action, we synthesized oligodeoxynucleotides containing single covalent adducts of known absolute configuration derived from trans-opening of benzo-[a]pyrene 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxide by the exocyclic 2-amino group of deoxyguanosine at specific positions in a duplex sequence corresponding to the terminus of the viral U5 DNA. Because the orientations of the hydrocarbon in the minor groove are known from NMR solution structures of duplex oligonucleotides containing these deoxyguanosine adducts, a detailed analysis of the relationship between the position of minor groove ligands and integrase interactions is possible. Adducts placed in the DNA minor groove two or three nucleotides from the 3'-processing site inhibited both 3'-processing and strand transfer. Inosine substitution showed that the guanine 2-amino group is required for efficient 3'-processing at one of these positions and for efficient strand transfer at the other. Mapping of the integration sites on both strands of the DNA substrates indicated that the adducts both inhibit strand transfer specifically at the minor groove bound sites and enhance integration at sites up to six nucleotides away from the adducts. These experiments demonstrate the importance of position-specific minor groove contacts for both the integrase-mediated 3'-processing and strand transfer reactions. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Johnson, Allison A AU - Sayer, Jane M AU - Yagi, Haruhiko AU - Kalena, Govind P AU - Amin, Ronak AU - Jerina, Donald M AU - Pommier, Yves AD - Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, and Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004/02/27/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 27 SP - 7947 EP - 7955 VL - 279 IS - 9 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - DNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-N2-deoxyguanosine KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide KW - 55097-80-8 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - HIV Integrase KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Deoxyguanosine KW - G9481N71RO KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA, Viral -- chemistry KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Binding Sites KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- analogs & derivatives KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - Deoxyguanosine -- pharmacology KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- pharmacology KW - Deoxyguanosine -- chemistry KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- chemistry KW - HIV Integrase -- metabolism KW - Deoxyguanosine -- analogs & derivatives UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80181882?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Position-specific+suppression+and+enhancement+of+HIV-1+integrase+reactions+by+minor+groove+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+diol+epoxide+deoxyguanine+adducts%3A+implications+for+molecular+interactions+between+integrase+and+substrates.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Allison+A%3BSayer%2C+Jane+M%3BYagi%2C+Haruhiko%3BKalena%2C+Govind+P%3BAmin%2C+Ronak%3BJerina%2C+Donald+M%3BPommier%2C+Yves&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Allison&rft.date=2004-02-27&rft.volume=279&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=7947&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibitory effects of ochratoxin A on nerve growth factor-induced neurite extension through downregulation of p38 MAP kinase and AP-1 activation in cultured pheochromocytoma cells. AN - 80086688; 14713565 AB - Ochratoxin A (OTA) induces microcephaly in animals and in vitro cultured whole embryos. Inhibition of neuronal cell differentiation was proposed as underlying mechanisms responsible for OTA-induced microcephaly. Previously it was found that OTA inhibited differentiation of cultured rat embryonic midbrain cells into neurons. In this study, the influence of OTA on differentiation in PC-12 cells, a widely accepted model cells for study of neuronal differentiation was examined. Cell differentiation was assessed by measurement of neurite extension and quantified by the number of neurites extended. OTA decreased serum and nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite extension in a concentration-dependent manner. Since MAP kinase and transcription factors have been implicated in cell differentiation of neuronal cells, and our previous study demonstrated that p38 MAP kinase and AP-1 are activated during PC 12 cell differentiation, the effect of OTA on NGF-induced p38 MAP kinase and transcription factor activation was examined. Co-treatment of OTA with NGF resulted in inhibition of NGF-induced p38 MAP kinase and AP-1 activation. Moreover, SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase blocked p38 MAP kinase and AP-1 activation accompanied by further inhibition of neurite extension. The present study shows that OTA inhibited cell differentiation of PC-12 cells, and this inhibitory effect may be related to inhibition of the activation of the p38 MAP kinase in conjunction with transcription factors AP-1. This finding suggests that the inhibitory effect on neuronal cell differentiation by OTA might be a mechanism responsible for OTA-induced microcephaly. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Oh, Jae Ho AU - Jung, Hai Kwan AU - Park, Yun Ju AU - Kim, Cheul Kyu AU - Chung, Soo Youn AU - Park, Nam Gyu AU - Yun, Young Won AU - Kim, Dae Joong AU - Ha, Tae Youl AU - Song, Yuen Sook AU - Lee, Yoot Mo AU - Oh, Ki wan AU - Hong, Jin Tae AD - Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. Y1 - 2004/02/27/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 27 SP - 357 EP - 371 VL - 67 IS - 4 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Ochratoxins KW - ochratoxin A KW - 1779SX6LUY KW - Nerve Growth Factor KW - 9061-61-4 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Neurites -- drug effects KW - Cell Differentiation KW - PC12 Cells KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- drug effects KW - Ochratoxins -- toxicity KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Nerve Growth Factor -- physiology KW - Nerve Growth Factor -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80086688?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Inhibitory+effects+of+ochratoxin+A+on+nerve+growth+factor-induced+neurite+extension+through+downregulation+of+p38+MAP+kinase+and+AP-1+activation+in+cultured+pheochromocytoma+cells.&rft.au=Oh%2C+Jae+Ho%3BJung%2C+Hai+Kwan%3BPark%2C+Yun+Ju%3BKim%2C+Cheul+Kyu%3BChung%2C+Soo+Youn%3BPark%2C+Nam+Gyu%3BYun%2C+Young+Won%3BKim%2C+Dae+Joong%3BHa%2C+Tae+Youl%3BSong%2C+Yuen+Sook%3BLee%2C+Yoot+Mo%3BOh%2C+Ki+wan%3BHong%2C+Jin+Tae&rft.aulast=Oh&rft.aufirst=Jae&rft.date=2004-02-27&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - LPS phase variation in Francisella tularensis allows evasion of macrophage-derived nitric oxide AN - 39903023; 3819329 AU - Cowley, S C Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39903023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=LPS+phase+variation+in+Francisella+tularensis+allows+evasion+of+macrophage-derived+nitric+oxide&rft.au=Cowley%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Cowley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036, USA; URL: www.icaac.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - ICH process: Implications for the pharmaceutical industry AN - 39888183; 3824057 AU - Osterberg, R E Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39888183?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=ICH+process%3A+Implications+for+the+pharmaceutical+industry&rft.au=Osterberg%2C+R+E&rft.aulast=Osterberg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Amer. Coll. f. Toxicology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-1840; fax: 301-571-1852; email: ekagan@act.faseb.org; URL: www.actox.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Functional activities mediated by the IL-10 related cytokines: IL-22 and IL-26 AN - 39820829; 3819459 AU - Donnelly, R Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39820829?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Functional+activities+mediated+by+the+IL-10+related+cytokines%3A+IL-22+and+IL-26&rft.au=Donnelly%2C+R&rft.aulast=Donnelly&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer, 611 East Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA; phone: 414-271-2456; fax: 414-276-3349; email: info@isbtc.org; URL: www.isbtc.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Introduction to flow cytometry and applications in genotoxicity and rodent immunotoxicity AN - 39782801; 3824039 AU - Weaver, J L Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39782801?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+flow+cytometry+and+applications+in+genotoxicity+and+rodent+immunotoxicity&rft.au=Weaver%2C+J+L&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Amer. Coll. f. Toxicology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-1840; fax: 301-571-1852; email: ekagan@act.faseb.org; URL: www.actox.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Non-clinical safety assessment for preventive vaccines regulated by CBER AN - 39740327; 3824044 AU - Gruber, M Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39740327?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Non-clinical+safety+assessment+for+preventive+vaccines+regulated+by+CBER&rft.au=Gruber%2C+M&rft.aulast=Gruber&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Amer. Coll. f. Toxicology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-1840; fax: 301-571-1852; email: ekagan@act.faseb.org; URL: www.actox.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Utility of transgenic models in regulatory toxicology AN - 39738848; 3824070 AU - Jacobson-Kram, D Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39738848?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Utility+of+transgenic+models+in+regulatory+toxicology&rft.au=Jacobson-Kram%2C+D&rft.aulast=Jacobson-Kram&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Amer. Coll. f. Toxicology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-1840; fax: 301-571-1852; email: ekagan@act.faseb.org; URL: www.actox.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Regulatory perspectives on cardiotoxicity AN - 39733658; 3824099 AU - Hausner, E A Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39733658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regulatory+perspectives+on+cardiotoxicity&rft.au=Hausner%2C+E+A&rft.aulast=Hausner&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Amer. Coll. f. Toxicology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-1840; fax: 301-571-1852; email: ekagan@act.faseb.org; URL: www.actox.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Interleukin-13 pseudomonas exotoxin therapy in animal model of breast cancer AN - 39728034; 3819570 AU - Kawakami, K AU - Kawakami, M AU - Puri, R Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39728034?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Interleukin-13+pseudomonas+exotoxin+therapy+in+animal+model+of+breast+cancer&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+K%3BKawakami%2C+M%3BPuri%2C+R&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer, 611 East Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA; phone: 414-271-2456; fax: 414-276-3349; email: info@isbtc.org; URL: www.isbtc.org. Poster Paper No. 79 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Common technical document AN - 39684304; 3824059 AU - Green, MD Y1 - 2004/02/26/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 26 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39684304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Common+technical+document&rft.au=Green%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=MD&rft.date=2004-02-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Amer. Coll. f. Toxicology, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-571-1840; fax: 301-571-1852; email: ekagan@act.faseb.org; URL: www.actox.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ultrasound measurements of skin thickness after UV exposure: a feasibility study. AN - 80175927; 14975400 AB - High-frequency ultrasound images were used to measure the thickness of the dermis and epidermis of four human subjects. These measurements were performed before and after a single exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV). Doses ranging from 0.5 to 3 minimal erythema doses (MED) were delivered to the skin of the back of four human subjects, and thickness measurements were made over a period of 16 days. We found: (1) exposures > or = 2 MED caused a 10-30% increase in the thickness of the dermis-epidermis layer; (2) the thickening response was not always in direct proportion to the UV dose; (3) maximum thickening response time was 48 h for the 2.8-3.0 MED exposure levels; (4) "diffusion" or spreading of the thickening response to neighboring areas occurred in some cases, as far as 4 cm from the exposed region (center-to-center), with changes ranging from 12% to 17%; (5) decreased thickness of the dermis-epidermis layer of up to 12% was observed for 3 out of 4 of the subjects. JF - Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology AU - Lopez, Hector AU - Beer, Janusz Z AU - Miller, Sharon A AU - Zmudzka, Barbara Z AD - Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Technology, 9200 Corporate Blvd., HFZ-132, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. hxl8@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/02/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 20 SP - 123 EP - 132 VL - 73 IS - 3 SN - 1011-1344, 1011-1344 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Feasibility Studies KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Ultrasonography -- methods KW - Adult KW - Pilot Projects KW - Middle Aged KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Female KW - Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted -- methods KW - Skin -- radiation effects KW - Skin -- anatomy & histology KW - Skinfold Thickness KW - Skin -- diagnostic imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80175927?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+photochemistry+and+photobiology.+B%2C+Biology&rft.atitle=Ultrasound+measurements+of+skin+thickness+after+UV+exposure%3A+a+feasibility+study.&rft.au=Lopez%2C+Hector%3BBeer%2C+Janusz+Z%3BMiller%2C+Sharon+A%3BZmudzka%2C+Barbara+Z&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=Hector&rft.date=2004-02-20&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+photochemistry+and+photobiology.+B%2C+Biology&rft.issn=10111344&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A single infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor into the ventral tegmental area induces long-lasting potentiation of cocaine seeking after withdrawal. AN - 80173155; 14973246 AB - Cocaine addiction in humans is associated with long-term propensity to relapse. Using a rat relapse model, we found that cocaine seeking induced by exposure to cocaine-associated cues progressively increases after withdrawal. This progressive increase is associated with increases in brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF) levels within the mesolimbic dopamine system. Based on these findings, we studied whether BDNF infusions into the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the cell body region of mesolimbic dopamine neurons, would potentiate cocaine seeking after withdrawal. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine for 10 d, and cocaine seeking was measured in extinction tests 3, 10, or 30 d after withdrawal. During testing, rats were exposed to contextual cues that had predicted cocaine availability during training, and lever presses resulted in contingent presentations of a discrete tone-light cue that was previously temporally paired with cocaine infusions. BDNF (0-0.75 microg/site) or nerve growth factor (NGF; 0-0.75 microg/site) was infused into the VTA 1-2 hr after the last self-administration session. To examine the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in BDNF effects, U0126 (1 microg/site), an MEK inhibitor, was used. A single intra-VTA infusion of BDNF, but not NGF, induced long-lasting enhancement of cocaine seeking for up to 30 d, an effect reversed by U0126. In contrast, neither BDNF infusions into the substantia nigra, nor acute intra-VTA BDNF infusions 2 hr before testing on day 3 of withdrawal, were effective. These data suggest that BDNF-mediated neuroadaptations in mesolimbic areas are involved in the persistent cocaine seeking induced by exposure to drug cues after withdrawal. JF - The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience AU - Lu, Lin AU - Dempsey, Jack AU - Liu, Shirley Y AU - Bossert, Jennifer M AU - Shaham, Yavin AD - Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. Y1 - 2004/02/18/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 18 SP - 1604 EP - 1611 VL - 24 IS - 7 KW - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Nerve Growth Factor KW - 9061-61-4 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Conditioning, Operant -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Substantia Nigra -- drug effects KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Infusions, Parenteral KW - Nerve Growth Factor -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Nerve Growth Factor -- administration & dosage KW - Cues KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Extinction, Psychological -- drug effects KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome -- physiopathology KW - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor -- administration & dosage KW - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor -- pharmacology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Ventral Tegmental Area -- drug effects KW - Cocaine -- adverse effects KW - Ventral Tegmental Area -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80173155?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=A+single+infusion+of+brain-derived+neurotrophic+factor+into+the+ventral+tegmental+area+induces+long-lasting+potentiation+of+cocaine+seeking+after+withdrawal.&rft.au=Lu%2C+Lin%3BDempsey%2C+Jack%3BLiu%2C+Shirley+Y%3BBossert%2C+Jennifer+M%3BShaham%2C+Yavin&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Lin&rft.date=2004-02-18&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1604&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Neuroscience&rft.issn=1529-2401&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - United States Food and Drug Administration Drug Approval summary: Gefitinib (ZD1839; Iressa) tablets. AN - 80175016; 14977817 AB - On May 5, 2003, gefitinib (Iressa; ZD1839) 250-mg tablets (AstraZeneca Inc.) received accelerated approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration as monotherapy for patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer after failure of both platinum-based and docetaxel chemotherapies. Information provided in this summary includes chemistry manufacturing and controls, clinical pharmacology, and clinical trial efficacy and safety results. Gefitinib is an anilinoquinazoline compound with the chemical name 4-quinazolinamine,N-(3-chloro-4-flurophenyl)-7-methoxy-6-[3-(4-morpholinyl)propoxy]. It has the molecular formula C(22)H(24)ClFN(4)O(3). Gefitinib is often referred to as a "specific" or "selective" inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor. Studies demonstrate, however, that gefitinib inhibits the activity of other intracellular transmembrane tyrosine-specific protein kinases at concentrations similar to those at which it inhibits the epidermal growth factor signal. Maximum plasma concentrations resulting from clinically relevant doses are 0.5-1 microM or more, well within the IC(50) values of several tyrosine kinases. No clinical studies have been performed that demonstrate a correlation between epidermal growth factor receptor expression and response to gefitinib. Gefitinib is 60% available after oral administration and is widely distributed throughout the body. Gefitinib is extensively metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme. Over a 10-day period, approximately 86% of an orally administered radioactive dose is recovered in the feces, with <4% of the dose in the urine. After daily oral administration, steady-state plasma levels are reached in 10 days and are 2-fold higher than those achieved after single doses. Gefitinib effectiveness was demonstrated in a randomized, double-blind, Phase II, multicenter trial comparing two oral doses of gefitinib (250 versus 500 mg/day). A total of 216 patients were enrolled. The 142 patients who were refractory to or intolerant of a platinum and docetaxel comprised the evaluable population for the efficacy analysis. A partial tumor response occurred in 14% (9 of 66) of patients receiving 250 mg/day gefitinib and in 8% (6 of 76) of patients receiving 500 mg/day gefitinib. The overall objective response rate (RR) for both doses combined was 10.6% (15 of 142 patients; 95% confidence interval, 6.0-16.8%). Responses were more frequent in females and in nonsmokers. The median duration of response was 7.0 months (range, 4.6-18.6+ months). Other submitted data included the results of two large trials conducted in chemotherapy-naive, stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer patients. Patients were randomized to receive gefitinib (250 or 500 mg daily) or placebo, in combination with either gemcitabine plus cisplatin (n = 1093) or carboplatin plus paclitaxel (n = 1037). Results from this study showed no benefit (RR, time to progression, or survival) from adding gefitinib to chemotherapy. Consequently, gefinitib is only recommended for use as monotherapy. Common adverse events associated with gefitinib treatment included diarrhea, rash, acne, dry skin, nausea, and vomiting. Interstitial lung disease has been observed in patients receiving gefitinib. Worldwide, the incidence of interstitial lung disease was about 1% (2% in the Japanese post-marketing experience and about 0.3% in a United States expanded access program). Approximately one-third of the cases have been fatal. Gefitinib was approved under accelerated approval regulations on the basis of a surrogate end point, RR. No controlled gefitinib trials, to date, demonstrate a clinical benefit, such as improvement in disease-related symptoms or increased survival. Accelerated approval regulations require the sponsor to conduct additional studies to verify that gefitinib therapy produces such benefit. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Cohen, Martin H AU - Williams, Grant A AU - Sridhara, Rajeshwari AU - Chen, Gang AU - McGuinn, W David AU - Morse, David AU - Abraham, Sophia AU - Rahman, Atiqur AU - Liang, Chenyi AU - Lostritto, Richard AU - Baird, Amy AU - Pazdur, Richard AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. cohenma@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/02/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 15 SP - 1212 EP - 1218 VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Quinazolines KW - 0 KW - Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor KW - EC 2.7.10.1 KW - gefitinib KW - S65743JHBS KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Aged KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adult KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Middle Aged KW - Models, Chemical KW - Inhibitory Concentration 50 KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Drug Approval KW - Lung Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Quinazolines -- therapeutic use KW - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung -- drug therapy KW - Quinazolines -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80175016?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration+Drug+Approval+summary%3A+Gefitinib+%28ZD1839%3B+Iressa%29+tablets.&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Martin+H%3BWilliams%2C+Grant+A%3BSridhara%2C+Rajeshwari%3BChen%2C+Gang%3BMcGuinn%2C+W+David%3BMorse%2C+David%3BAbraham%2C+Sophia%3BRahman%2C+Atiqur%3BLiang%2C+Chenyi%3BLostritto%2C+Richard%3BBaird%2C+Amy%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2004-02-15&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1212&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-19 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide plus interferon-gamma-induced pulmonary inflammation. AN - 80160489; 14962504 AB - Exposure of mice to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) increases nitric oxide (NO) production, which is proposed to play a role in the resulting pulmonary damage and inflammation. To determine the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-induced NO in this lung reaction, the responses of inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (iNOS KO) versus C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice to aspirated LPS + IFN-gamma were compared. Male mice (8-10 weeks) were exposed to LPS (1.2 mg/kg) + IFN-gamma (5000 U/mouse) or saline. At 24 or 72 h postexposure, lungs were lavaged with saline and the acellular fluid from the first bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was analyzed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, albumin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2). The cellular fraction of the total BAL was used to determine alveolar macrophage (AM) and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) counts, and AM zymosan-stimulated chemiluminescence (AM-CL). Pulmonary responses 24 h postexposure to LPS + IFN-gamma were characterized by significantly decreased TAC, increased BAL AMs and PMNs, LDH, albumin, TNF-alpha, and MIP-2, and enhanced AM-CL to the same extent in both WT and iNOS KO mice. Responses 72 h postexposure were similar; however, significant differences were found between WT and iNOS KO mice. iNOS KO mice demonstrated a greater decline in total antioxidant capacity, greater BAL PMNs, LDH, albumin, TNF-alpha, and MIP-2, and an enhanced AM-CL compared to the WT. These data suggest that the role of iNOS-derived NO in the pulmonary response to LPS + IFN-gamma is anti-inflammatory, and this becomes evident over time. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Zeidler, Patti C AU - Millecchia, Lyndell M AU - Castranova, Vincent AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/02/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 15 SP - 45 EP - 54 VL - 195 IS - 1 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Albumins KW - 0 KW - Chemokine CXCL2 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Monokines KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - lipopolysaccharide, E. coli O26-B6 KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase KW - EC 1.1.1.27 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase KW - EC 1.14.13.39 KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II KW - Nos2 protein, mouse KW - Index Medicus KW - Albumins -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Neutrophils -- cytology KW - Cell Count KW - Mice KW - Mice, Knockout KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- metabolism KW - Monokines -- metabolism KW - Drug Synergism KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - L-Lactate Dehydrogenase -- metabolism KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- cytology KW - Male KW - Pneumonia -- chemically induced KW - Interferon-gamma -- toxicity KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- genetics KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- toxicity KW - Lung -- enzymology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Nitric Oxide Synthase -- metabolism KW - Pneumonia -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80160489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Role+of+inducible+nitric+oxide+synthase-derived+nitric+oxide+in+lipopolysaccharide+plus+interferon-gamma-induced+pulmonary+inflammation.&rft.au=Zeidler%2C+Patti+C%3BMillecchia%2C+Lyndell+M%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Zeidler&rft.aufirst=Patti&rft.date=2004-02-15&rft.volume=195&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=45&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to alachlor in the Agricultural Health Study. AN - 80157080; 14769641 AB - The authors evaluated the incidence of cancer among pesticide applicators with exposure to alachlor in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. A total of 49,980 pesticide applicators are included in this analysis; 26,510 applicators (53%) reported use of alachlor on the enrollment questionnaire. Detailed pesticide exposure and other information were obtained from a self-administered questionnaire completed at the time of enrollment (1993-1997). Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the exposure-response relations between alachlor and cancer incidence controlled for the effects of potential confounding factors. A total of 1,466 incident malignant neoplasms were diagnosed during the study period, 1993-2000. Among alachlor-exposed applicators, the authors found a significant increasing trend for incidence of all lymphohematopoietic cancers associated with lifetime exposure-days (p for trend = 0.02) and intensity-weighted exposure-days (p for trend = 0.03) to alachlor. The risks of leukemia (rate ratio = 2.83, 95% confidence interval: 0.74, 10.9) and multiple myeloma (rate ratio = 5.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.70, 45.7) were increased among applicators in the highest alachlor exposure category. Our findings suggest a possible association between alachlor application and incidence of lymphohematopoietic cancers among applicators in the Agricultural Health Study. JF - American journal of epidemiology AU - Lee, Won Jin AU - Hoppin, Jane A AU - Blair, Aaron AU - Lubin, Jay H AU - Dosemeci, Mustafa AU - Sandler, Dale P AU - Alavanja, Michael C R AD - Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 2004/02/15/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 15 SP - 373 EP - 380 VL - 159 IS - 4 SN - 0002-9262, 0002-9262 KW - Acetamides KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - alachlor KW - 24S2S61PXL KW - Index Medicus KW - Causality KW - Reference Values KW - Prospective Studies KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - North Carolina -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Iowa -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Occupational Exposure -- statistics & numerical data KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80157080?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.atitle=Cancer+incidence+among+pesticide+applicators+exposed+to+alachlor+in+the+Agricultural+Health+Study.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Won+Jin%3BHoppin%2C+Jane+A%3BBlair%2C+Aaron%3BLubin%2C+Jay+H%3BDosemeci%2C+Mustafa%3BSandler%2C+Dale+P%3BAlavanja%2C+Michael+C+R&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Won&rft.date=2004-02-15&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+epidemiology&rft.issn=00029262&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Epidemiol. 2005 Jan 1;161(1):101-2; author reply 102-3 [15615921] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of paving asphalt fume exposure on genotoxic and mutagenic activities in the rat lung AN - 17938068; 5877369 AB - Asphalt fumes are complex mixtures of aerosols and vapors containing various organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Previously, we have demonstrated that inhalation exposure of rats to asphalt fumes resulted in dose-dependent induction of CYP1A1 with concomitant down-regulation of CYP2B1 and increased phase II enzyme quinone reductase activity in the rat lung. In the present study, the potential genotoxic effects of asphalt fume exposure due to altered lung microsomal enzymes were studied. Rats were exposed to air or asphalt fume generated under road paving conditions at various concentrations and sacrificed the next day. Alveolar macrophages (AM) were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and examined for DNA damage using the comet assay. To evaluate the systemic genotoxic effect of asphalt fume, micronuclei formation in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) was monitored. Lung S9 from various exposure groups was isolated from tissue homogenates and characterized for metabolic activity in activating 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) mutagenicity using the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 and YG1029. This study showed that the paving asphalt fumes significantly induced DNA damage in AM, as revealed by DNA migration in the comet assay, in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the micronuclei formation in bone marrow PCEs was not detected even at a very high exposure level (1733mgh/m super(3)). The conversion of 2-AA to mutagens in the Ames test required lung S9-mediated metabolic activation in a dose-dependent manner. In comparison to the controls, lung S9 from rats exposed to asphalt fume at a total exposure level of 479 plus or minus 33mgh/m super(3) did not significantly enhance 2-AA mutagenicity with either S. typhimurium YG1024 or YG1029. At a higher total asphalt fume exposure level (1150 plus or minus 63mgh/m super(3)), S9 significantly increased the mutagenicity of 2-AA as compared to the control. However, S9 from asphalt fume-exposed rats did not significantly activate the mutagenicity of BaP in the Ames test. These results show that asphalt fume exposure, which significantly altered both phases I and II metabolic enzymes in lung microsomes, is genotoxic to AM and enhances the metabolic activation of certain mutagens through altered S9 content. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Zhao, H W AU - Yin, X J AU - Frazer, D AU - Barger, M W AU - Siegel, P D AU - Millecchia, L AU - Zhong, B Z AU - Tomblyn, S AU - Stone, S AU - Ma, JKH AU - Castranova, V AU - Ma, JYC AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jym1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/02/14/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 14 SP - 137 EP - 149 VL - 557 IS - 2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - rat KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Macrophages KW - Mutagens KW - Microsomes KW - Mutagenicity KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Fumes KW - Erythrocytes KW - Genotoxicity KW - 2-Aminoanthracene KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - DNA damage KW - Lung KW - Asphalt KW - Exposure KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17938068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Effects+of+paving+asphalt+fume+exposure+on+genotoxic+and+mutagenic+activities+in+the+rat+lung&rft.au=Zhao%2C+H+W%3BYin%2C+X+J%3BFrazer%2C+D%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BSiegel%2C+P+D%3BMillecchia%2C+L%3BZhong%2C+B+Z%3BTomblyn%2C+S%3BStone%2C+S%3BMa%2C+JKH%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BMa%2C+JYC&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2004-02-14&rft.volume=557&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.mrgentox.2003.10.006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella typhimurium; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Mutagenicity; DNA damage; Exposure; Mutagens; Genotoxicity; Erythrocytes; Benzo(a)pyrene; 2-Aminoanthracene; Macrophages; Asphalt; Fumes; Microsomes; Lung DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2003.10.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) on immune responses: contributions of particulate versus organic soluble components. AN - 71565435; 14681077 AB - The effect of diesel exhaust particulate (DEP) exposure on innate, cellular and humoral pulmonary immunity was studied using high-dose, acute-exposure rat, mouse, and cell culture models. DEP consists of a complex mixture of petrochemical-derived organics adsorbed onto elemental carbon particles. DEP is a major component of particulate urban air pollution and a health concern in both urban and occupational environments. The alveolar macrophage is considered a key cellular component in pulmonary innate immunity. DEP and DEP organic extracts have been found to suppress alveolar macrophage function as demonstrated by reduced production of cytokines (interleukin-1 [IL-1], tumor necrosis factor- alpha [TNF- alpha]) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to a variety of agents, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interferon- gamma (IFN- gamma), and bacteria. Fractionation of DEP organic extract suggests that this activity was predominately in polyaromatic-containing and more polar (resin) fractions. Organic-stripped DEP did not alter these innate pulmonary immune responses. DEP also depressed pulmonary clearance of Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). The contribution of the organic component of DEP is less well defined with respect to acquired and humoral immunity. Indeed, both DEP and carbon black enhanced humoral immune responses (specific immunoglobulin [Ig] E and IgG) in an ovalbumin-sensitized rat model. It is concluded that both the particulate and adsorbed organics may contribute to DEP-mediated immune alterations. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Siegel, Paul D AU - Saxena, Rajiv K AU - Saxena, Q B AU - Ma, Joseph K H AU - Ma, Jane Y C AU - Yin, Xue-Jun AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Al-Humadi, Nabil AU - Lewis, Daniel M AD - HELD, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. psiegel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/02/13/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 13 SP - 221 EP - 231 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-1 KW - Lipopolysaccharides KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Vehicle Emissions KW - Interferon-gamma KW - 82115-62-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Acute Disease KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- immunology KW - Animals KW - Interleukin-1 -- immunology KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- immunology KW - Interferon-gamma -- immunology KW - Mice KW - Rats KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- immunology KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- chemistry KW - Lipopolysaccharides -- immunology KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid -- cytology KW - Macrophages, Alveolar -- immunology KW - Pneumonia -- immunology KW - Vehicle Emissions -- toxicity KW - Inhalation Exposure -- analysis KW - Antibody Formation -- immunology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Immunity, Cellular -- immunology KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Pneumonia -- epidemiology KW - Pneumonia -- etiology KW - Air Pollutants -- chemistry KW - Vehicle Emissions -- analysis KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71565435?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Effect+of+diesel+exhaust+particulate+%28DEP%29+on+immune+responses%3A+contributions+of+particulate+versus+organic+soluble+components.&rft.au=Siegel%2C+Paul+D%3BSaxena%2C+Rajiv+K%3BSaxena%2C+Q+B%3BMa%2C+Joseph+K+H%3BMa%2C+Jane+Y+C%3BYin%2C+Xue-Jun%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BAl-Humadi%2C+Nabil%3BLewis%2C+Daniel+M&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2004-02-13&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=221&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soluble metals associated with residual oil fly ash increase morbidity and lung injury after bacterial infection in rats. AN - 71563607; 14681079 AB - Inhalation of residual oil fly ash (ROFA) has been shown to impair lung defense mechanisms in laboratory animals and susceptible populations. Bioavailability of soluble transition metals has been shown to play a key role in lung injury caused by ROFA exposure. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of soluble metals on lung defense and injury in animals preexposed to ROFA followed by pulmonary challenge with a bacterial pathogen. ROFA was suspended in saline (ROFA-TOTAL), incubated overnight at 37 degrees C, and separated by centrifugation into soluble (ROFA-SOL) and insoluble (ROFA-INSOL) fractions. A portion of the soluble sample was treated with the metal-binding resin Chelex for 24 h at 37 degrees C. Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally dosed at d 0 with ROFA-TOTAL (1.0 mg/100 g body weight), ROFA-INSOL, ROFA-SOL, saline, saline + Chelex, or ROFA-SOL + Chelex. At d 3, 5 x 10(5) Listeria monocytogenes were intratracheally instilled into rats from each treatment group. At d 6, 8, and 10, left lungs were removed, homogenized, and cultured to assess bacterial clearance. Histopathological analysis was performed on the right lungs. Pulmonary exposure of ROFA-TOTAL or ROFA-SOL before infection led to a marked increase in lung injury and inflammation at all three time points after inoculation, and an increase in morbidity in comparison to saline control rats. Treatment with ROFA-INSOL, saline + Chelex, or ROFA-SOL + Chelex caused no significant increases in lung damage and morbidity when compared to control. By d 10, the ROFA-SOL and ROFA-TOTAL groups had approximately 200-fold more bacteria in the lung than saline control, indicating the inability of these groups to effectively respond to the infection. None of the other treatment groups had significant impairments in bacterial clearance when compared to saline. In conclusion, exposure to ROFA-TOTAL and ROFA-SOL significantly suppressed the lung response to infection. These results suggest that soluble metals present in ROFA may play a key role in increased susceptibility to pulmonary infection in exposed populations. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Roberts, Jenny R AU - Taylor, Michael D AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Clarke, Robert W AU - Antonini, James M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. jur6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/02/13/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 13 SP - 251 EP - 263 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Chelating Agents KW - Coal Ash KW - Metals KW - Particulate Matter KW - Polystyrenes KW - Polyvinyls KW - Carbon KW - 7440-44-0 KW - chelex KW - 80208-96-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Solubility KW - Disease Susceptibility KW - Polyvinyls -- therapeutic use KW - Polystyrenes -- therapeutic use KW - Morbidity KW - Biological Availability KW - Inflammation KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Chelating Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Instillation, Drug KW - Trachea KW - Male KW - Survival Analysis KW - Lung Diseases -- pathology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Lung Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Air Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Lung Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Lung Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Lung Diseases -- microbiology KW - Metals -- chemistry KW - Bacterial Infections -- complications KW - Listeriosis -- complications KW - Carbon -- toxicity KW - Metals -- toxicity KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71563607?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Soluble+metals+associated+with+residual+oil+fly+ash+increase+morbidity+and+lung+injury+after+bacterial+infection+in+rats.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Jenny+R%3BTaylor%2C+Michael+D%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BClarke%2C+Robert+W%3BAntonini%2C+James+M&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft.date=2004-02-13&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pulmonary responses to welding fumes: Role of metal constituents AN - 17895162; 5853786 AB - It is estimated that more than 1 million workers worldwide perform some type of welding as part of their work duties. Epidemiology studies have shown that a large number of welders experience some type of respiratory illness. Respiratory effects seen in full-time welders have included bronchitis, siderosis, asthma, and a possible increase in the incidence of lung cancer. Pulmonary infections are increased in terms of severity, duration, and frequency among welders. Inhalation exposure to welding fumes may vary due to differences in the materials used and methods employed. The chemical properties of welding fumes can be quite complex. Most welding materials are alloy mixtures of metals characterized by different steels that may contain iron, manganese, chromium, and nickel. Animal studies have indicated that the presence and combination of different metal constituents is an important determinant in the potential pneumotoxic responses associated with welding fumes. Animal models have demonstrated that stainless steel (SS) welding fumes, which contain significant levels of nickel and chromium, induce more lung injury and inflammation, and are retained in the lungs longer than mild steel (MS) welding fumes, which contain mostly iron. In addition, SS fumes generated from welding processes using fluxes to protect the resulting weld contain elevated levels of soluble metals, which may affect respiratory health. Recent animal studies have indicated that the lung injury and inflammation induced by SS welding fumes that contain water-soluble metals are dependent on both the soluble and insoluble fractions of the fume. This article reviews the role that metals play in the pulmonary effects associated with welding fume exposure in workers and laboratory animals. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Antonini, J M AU - Taylor, MD AU - Zimmer, A T AU - Roberts, J R AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road (M/S 2015), Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/02/13/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 13 SP - 233 EP - 249 VL - 67 IS - 3 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - man KW - bronchitis KW - siderosis KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Animals KW - Heavy metals KW - Welding KW - Occupational exposure KW - Lung cancer KW - Fumes KW - Asthma KW - Inflammation KW - Lung KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17895162?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Pulmonary+responses+to+welding+fumes%3A+Role+of+metal+constituents&rft.au=Antonini%2C+J+M%3BTaylor%2C+MD%3BZimmer%2C+A+T%3BRoberts%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-02-13&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390490266909 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Welding; Heavy metals; Fumes; Inhalation; Occupational exposure; Lung cancer; Asthma; Lung; Inflammation; Animals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390490266909 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Final rule declaring dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids adulterated because they present an unreasonable risk. Final rule. AN - 80157920; 14968803 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA, we, our) is issuing a final regulation declaring dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids adulterated under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) because they present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury under the conditions of use recommended or suggested in labeling, or if no conditions of use are suggested or recommended in labeling, under ordinary conditions of use. We are taking this action based upon the well-known pharmacology of ephedrine alkaloids, the peer-reviewed scientific literature on the effects of ephedrine alkaloids, and the adverse events reported to have occurred in individuals following consumption of dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2004/02/11/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 11 SP - 6787 EP - 6854 VL - 69 IS - 28 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Ephedrine KW - GN83C131XS KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Alkaloids -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Drug Labeling KW - Ephedrine -- adverse effects KW - Ephedra -- adverse effects KW - Dietary Supplements -- adverse effects KW - Consumer Product Safety -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80157920?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Final+rule+declaring+dietary+supplements+containing+ephedrine+alkaloids+adulterated+because+they+present+an+unreasonable+risk.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2004-02-11&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=28&rft.spage=6787&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Method development for the determination of diacetyl and acetoin at a microwave popcorn plant. AN - 80165998; 14968874 AB - Separate sampling and analytical methods for the determination of diacetyl and acetoin have been developed to assess workplace exposures at a popcorn processing facility have been described. Diacetyl (NMAM 2557) is efficiently recovered from an Anasorb CMS sampler tube when the composition of methanol in the desorption solvent is 1%, and acetoin (NMAM 2558) is efficiently recovered when the concentration of methanol is increased to 5%. Desorption efficiencies for diacetyl and acetoin were acceptable, 89.9% (RSD = 0.018) and 94.9% (RSD = 0.019), respectively. Recoveries for nonanone, methyl ethyl ketone, and ethyl acetate were not optimized because they were present in very low concentrations in the popcorn processing facility and not considered to be major occupational health hazards. Samples were collected on Anasorb CMS solid sorbent tubes. All analytes were separated using a 30-m Stabilwax-DA fused silica capillary column, followed by analysis using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. These methods were acceptable for monitoring and identifying exposures to diacetyl and acetoin present in the butter flavoring mixture used at popcorn processing facilities. For example, in the initial site visit the method was used to determine that maximum workers exposures to diacetyl (462.6 mg/m3), acetoin (59.1 mg/m3), and nonanone (0.45 mg/m3) occurred as the butter flavoring was added to the mixing kettle. When protective measures were recommended by NIOSH personnel and implemented bythe popcorn processing facility, the methods were then used to determine the effectiveness of these changes, which showed that diacetyl and acetoin concentrations had been reduced significantly to 0.97 and 2.3 mg/m3, respectively, while the concentration of nonanone fell to levels below the detection limit (LOD). JF - Environmental science & technology AU - Pendergrass, Stephanie M AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. SMP5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/02/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 01 SP - 858 EP - 861 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Acetoin KW - BG4D34CO2H KW - Diacetyl KW - K324J5K4HM KW - Index Medicus KW - Microwaves KW - Zea mays KW - Humans KW - Workplace KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Diacetyl -- analysis KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Acetoin -- analysis KW - Food Industry KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80165998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.atitle=Method+development+for+the+determination+of+diacetyl+and+acetoin+at+a+microwave+popcorn+plant.&rft.au=Pendergrass%2C+Stephanie+M&rft.aulast=Pendergrass&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=858&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+science+%26+technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Asthmalike biphasic airway responses in Brown Norway rats sensitized by dermal exposure to dry trimellitic anhydride powder. AN - 80148005; 14767449 AB - Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) can induce specific IgE and occupational asthma. The significance of dermal exposure to TMA in immunologic sensitization and on subsequent airway responses is not clearly known. An animal model displaying both an early-phase airway response (EAR) and a late-phase airway response (LAR) after sensitization and subsequent inhalation challenge to a low-molecular-weight chemical has not been previously reported. The present study investigated EAR and LAR after TMA inhalation challenge in Brown Norway rats sensitized by skin exposure to TMA dry powder. Twenty milligrams of dry TMA powder was applied to the skin of each clipped rat's dorsum on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 and occluded overnight with surgical tape. Rats were challenged for 10 minutes with 0.2 to 40 mg/m(3) of TMA aerosol after day 35. Enhanced pause (an index of airway resistance) was recorded overnight in a whole-body plethysmography system. Specific IgE and pulmonary eosinophilia were also measured. Concentration-dependent responses to TMA were observed: provocation with 0.2 mg/m(3) produced no response; 1 mg/m(3) induced only EAR; and 5 mg/m(3) and 40 mg/m(3) induced both EAR and LAR. Specific IgE was positive; airway eosinophilic inflammation was observed. TMA powder applied to the skin can lead to both immunologic sensitization and subsequent dose-dependent biphasic airway responses after TMA aerosol challenge. JF - The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology AU - Zhang, Xing-Dong AU - Fedan, Jeffrey S AU - Lewis, Daniel M AU - Siegel, Paul D AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morgantown, WV, USA. Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 320 EP - 326 VL - 113 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6749, 0091-6749 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Phthalic Anhydrides KW - Powders KW - trimellitic anhydride KW - 80T61EUU7H KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Allergens -- immunology KW - Animals KW - Bronchial Provocation Tests KW - Humans KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Rats, Inbred BN KW - Rats KW - Lung -- immunology KW - Allergens -- administration & dosage KW - Bronchial Hyperreactivity KW - Allergens -- adverse effects KW - Time Factors KW - Administration, Topical KW - Male KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- immunology KW - Phthalic Anhydrides -- immunology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- physiopathology KW - Occupational Diseases -- pathology KW - Phthalic Anhydrides -- administration & dosage KW - Phthalic Anhydrides -- adverse effects KW - Asthma -- physiopathology KW - Asthma -- pathology KW - Asthma -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80148005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.atitle=Asthmalike+biphasic+airway+responses+in+Brown+Norway+rats+sensitized+by+dermal+exposure+to+dry+trimellitic+anhydride+powder.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Xing-Dong%3BFedan%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BLewis%2C+Daniel+M%3BSiegel%2C+Paul+D&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Xing-Dong&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=320&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+allergy+and+clinical+immunology&rft.issn=00916749&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human exposure monitoring and evaluation in the Arctic: the importance of understanding exposures to the development of public health policy. AN - 80125833; 14757538 AB - Arctic indigenous peoples face significant challenges resulting from the contamination of Arctic air, water, and soil by persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, and radionuclides. International cooperative efforts among governments and research institutions are under way to collect the information needed by environmental health scientists and public health officials to address environmental contamination in the Arctic. However, the climatic, political, and cultural conditions of the land and its native populations combine to present a unique set of scientific and logistic challenges to addressing this important public health issue. Public health officials have the responsibility to respect the cultural traditions of indigenous communities, while simultaneously designing strategies that will reduce their exposure to environmental contaminants and rates of disease and dysfunction. Researchers can better understand the link between environmental exposures and disease through monitoring programs for both the subsistence diets and health status of the indigenous populations. We suggest that the incorporation of community-based participatory research methods into programs designed to assess biomarkers of contaminant exposure in children and adults may be a valuable addition to ongoing and newly developed research programs. This approach could serve as a model for international environmental health initiatives, because it involves the participation of the local communities and seeks to builds trust between all stakeholders. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Suk, William A AU - Avakian, Maureen D AU - Carpenter, David AU - Groopman, John D AU - Scammell, Madeleine AU - Wild, Christopher P AD - Center for Risk and Integrated Strategies, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. suk@niehs.nih.edu Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 113 EP - 120 VL - 112 IS - 2 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Community Participation KW - Child KW - Diet KW - Research Design KW - Child Welfare KW - Arctic Regions KW - Policy Making KW - Environmental Pollutants -- poisoning KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Health Policy KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80125833?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Human+exposure+monitoring+and+evaluation+in+the+Arctic%3A+the+importance+of+understanding+exposures+to+the+development+of+public+health+policy.&rft.au=Suk%2C+William+A%3BAvakian%2C+Maureen+D%3BCarpenter%2C+David%3BGroopman%2C+John+D%3BScammell%2C+Madeleine%3BWild%2C+Christopher+P&rft.aulast=Suk&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=113&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Public Health. 2001 Nov;91(11):1776-82 [11684600] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Apr;110 Suppl 2:145-8 [11929722] Annu Rev Public Health. 1998;19:173-202 [9611617] Environ Sci Technol. 2002 May 1;36(9):1886-92 [12026966] Am J Clin Nutr. 1975 Sep;28(9):958-66 [1163480] Soc Sci Med. 1987;24(10):791-804 [3616676] Soc Sci Med. 1989;29(8):965-74 [2814583] Sci Total Environ. 1992 Jul 15;122(1-2):1-74 [1514103] Arctic Med Res. 1991;Suppl:747-51 [1365288] Sci Total Environ. 1995 Jan 15;160-161:529-37 [7892583] Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1995 Jun;73(6):765-71 [7585351] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Apr;108(4):279-81 [10753083] Sci Total Environ. 1999 Jun 1;230(1-3):1-82 [10466227] Health Educ Behav. 1999 Aug;26(4):563-78 [10435238] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Jul;107(7):A338-9 [10379011] Environ Health Perspect. 1998 Feb;106(2):A64-9 [9456342] Carcinogenesis. 1999 Jan;20(1):1-11 [9934843] Neurotoxicology. 1996 Spring;17(1):251-6 [8784836] Am J Public Health. 2001 Oct;91(10):1549-52 [11574301] Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Jun;109 Suppl 3:449-55 [11427395] J Occup Environ Med. 2001 Jun;43(6):526-33 [11411324] Neurology. 2000 Oct 24;55(8):1144-50 [11071492] Environ Health Perspect. 2000 Sep;108(9):907-10 [11017898] Risk Anal. 2000 Feb;20(1):101-11 [10795343] J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000 Apr 19;92(8):602-12 [10772677] Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2002 Mar;205(1-2):137-41 [12018007] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative exposure-response for silica dust and lung cancer in Vermont granite workers. AN - 80123126; 14748044 AB - Excess lung cancer mortality among the exposed Vermont granite workers has been reported. These studies were based on job and tenure surrogates, with the potential for misclassification and inability to evaluate quantitative exposure-response. Industrial hygiene data collected from 1924 to 1977 was analyzed in conjunction with mortality data to examine quantitative exposure-response for silica, lung cancer, and other lung diseases. A person-years analysis was undertaken by cumulative exposure group, including lagged and unlagged tabulations. Poisson models were fitted to untransformed and log transformed exposure. The results indicated a clear relationship of lung cancer, tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, non-malignant lung disease, and kidney cancer with cumulative exposure. An exposure to 0.05 mg/m(3) from age 20 to 64 was associated with a lifetime excess risk of lung cancer for white males of 27/1,000. The results of this study of workers exposed almost exclusively to silica and no other major occupational confounding exposures indicate a clear exposure-response for lung cancer. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Attfield, Michael D AU - Costello, Joseph AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 129 EP - 138 VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Causality KW - Life Tables KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Vermont -- epidemiology KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Adult KW - Silicosis -- mortality KW - Middle Aged KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Poisson Distribution KW - Silicosis -- etiology KW - Lung Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80123126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Quantitative+exposure-response+for+silica+dust+and+lung+cancer+in+Vermont+granite+workers.&rft.au=Attfield%2C+Michael+D%3BCostello%2C+Joseph&rft.aulast=Attfield&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Am J Ind Med. 2004 Jul;46(1):89; author reply 90 [15202130] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality patterns among workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced plastic boatbuilding industry: an update. AN - 80122376; 14748047 AB - Mortality was updated through 1998 for 5,204 workers exposed to styrene between 1959 and 1978 at two reinforced plastic boatbuilding plants. The a priori hypothesis: leukemia and lymphoma excesses would be found. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) used Washington State and U.S. rates. Overall, 860 deaths occurred (SMR 1.09, CI 1.02-1.17), with excess mortality for esophageal cancer (n = 12, SMR 2.30, CI 1.19-4.02), prostate cancer (n = 24, SMR 1.71, CI 1.09-2.54), and accidents (n = 99, SMR 1.26, CI 1.02-1.53). Among 2,062 highly exposed workers, urinary tract cancer (n = 6, SMR 3.44, CI 1.26-7.50) and respiratory disease (n = 12, SMR 2.54, CI 1.31-4.44) rates were elevated. Urinary tract cancer SMR increased with duration of employment. We found no excess leukemia or lymphoma mortality. Unanticipated excess urinary tract cancer and respiratory disease mortality, possibly associated with styrene exposure, are difficult to interpret and could be chance findings. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Ruder, Avima M AU - Ward, Elizabeth M AU - Dong, Maxia AU - Okun, Andrea H AU - Davis-King, Karen AD - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. amr2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 165 EP - 176 VL - 45 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Plastics KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Styrene KW - 44LJ2U959V KW - Index Medicus KW - Ships KW - Leukemia -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Humans KW - Urologic Neoplasms -- mortality KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Urologic Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Lung Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - Leukemia -- mortality KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Industry -- manpower KW - Middle Aged KW - Lung Diseases -- mortality KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Plastics -- toxicity KW - Solvents -- toxicity KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Styrene -- toxicity KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80122376?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+patterns+among+workers+exposed+to+styrene+in+the+reinforced+plastic+boatbuilding+industry%3A+an+update.&rft.au=Ruder%2C+Avima+M%3BWard%2C+Elizabeth+M%3BDong%2C+Maxia%3BOkun%2C+Andrea+H%3BDavis-King%2C+Karen&rft.aulast=Ruder&rft.aufirst=Avima&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The cystine-glutamate transporter in the accumbens: a novel role in cocaine relapse. AN - 71861145; 15106652 AB - Baker et al. have recently studied the potential role of cocaine-induced alterations in accumbens cystine-glutamate transporter activity (which controls basal extracellular glutamate levels) during cocaine-induced relapse to drug seeking in rats. Their data provide new evidence that neuroadaptations induced by repeated exposure to cocaine and subsequent withdrawal can play a causal role in drug relapse. These data also suggest the cystine-glutamate transporter as a novel target for medication that could prevent cocaine relapse. JF - Trends in neurosciences AU - Lu, Lin AU - Hope, Bruce T AU - Shaham, Yavin AD - Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 74 EP - 76 VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 0166-2236, 0166-2236 KW - Amino Acid Transport System y+ KW - 0 KW - Carrier Proteins KW - Receptors, AMPA KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - SLC7A11 protein, human KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Neurons -- enzymology KW - Adaptation, Physiological KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- metabolism KW - Receptors, AMPA -- metabolism KW - Recurrence KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- enzymology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Carrier Proteins -- physiology KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- cytology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71861145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+neurosciences&rft.atitle=The+cystine-glutamate+transporter+in+the+accumbens%3A+a+novel+role+in+cocaine+relapse.&rft.au=Lu%2C+Lin%3BHope%2C+Bruce+T%3BShaham%2C+Yavin&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Lin&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=74&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+neurosciences&rft.issn=01662236&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - SELDI-TOF-based serum proteomic pattern diagnostics for early detection of cancer. AN - 71849284; 15102462 AB - Proteomics is more than just generating lists of proteins that increase or decrease in expression as a cause or consequence of pathology. The goal should be to characterize the information flow through the intercellular protein circuitry that communicates with the extracellular microenvironment and then ultimately to the serum/plasma macroenvironment. The nature of this information can be a cause, or a consequence, of disease and toxicity-based processes. Serum proteomic pattern diagnostics is a new type of proteomic platform in which patterns of proteomic signatures from high dimensional mass spectrometry data are used as a diagnostic classifier. This approach has recently shown tremendous promise in the detection of early-stage cancers. The biomarkers found by SELDI-TOF-based pattern recognition analysis are mostly low molecular weight fragments produced at the specific tumor microenvironment. JF - Current opinion in biotechnology AU - Petricoin, Emanuel F AU - Liotta, Lance A AD - FDA-NCI Clinical Proteomics Program, Office of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologic Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. petricoin@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 24 EP - 30 VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 0958-1669, 0958-1669 KW - Biomarkers, Tumor KW - 0 KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Design KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Humans KW - Blood Chemical Analysis -- methods KW - Algorithms KW - Blood Chemical Analysis -- instrumentation KW - Sequence Analysis, Protein -- methods KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization -- instrumentation KW - Neoplasms -- diagnosis KW - Biomarkers, Tumor -- chemistry KW - Neoplasms -- blood KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- blood KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization -- methods KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- chemistry KW - Biomarkers, Tumor -- blood KW - Gene Expression Profiling -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71849284?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+opinion+in+biotechnology&rft.atitle=SELDI-TOF-based+serum+proteomic+pattern+diagnostics+for+early+detection+of+cancer.&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+Emanuel+F%3BLiotta%2C+Lance+A&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+opinion+in+biotechnology&rft.issn=09581669&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Oxygen therapeutics: can we tame haemoglobin? AN - 71760761; 15043006 AB - Chemically modified or genetically engineered haemoglobins (Hbs) developed as oxygen therapeutics (often termed 'blood substitutes') are designed to correct oxygen deficit due to ischaemia in a variety of clinical settings. These modifications are intended to stabilize Hb outside its natural environment--red blood cells--in a functional tetrameric and/or polymeric form. Uncontrolled haem-mediated oxidative reactions of cell-free Hb and its reactions with various oxidant/antioxidant and cell signalling systems have emerged as an important pathway of toxicity. Current protective strategies designed to produce safe Hb-based products are focused on controlling or suppressing the 'radical' nature of Hb while retaining its oxygen-carrying function. JF - Nature reviews. Drug discovery AU - Alayash, Abdu I AD - Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. alayash@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 152 EP - 159 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1474-1776, 1474-1776 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Blood Substitutes KW - Hemoglobins KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Oxidation-Reduction KW - Animals KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Genomics KW - Blood Substitutes -- adverse effects KW - Hemoglobins -- metabolism KW - Hemoglobins -- toxicity KW - Oxygen -- therapeutic use KW - Hemoglobins -- genetics KW - Blood Substitutes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71760761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+reviews.+Drug+discovery&rft.atitle=Oxygen+therapeutics%3A+can+we+tame+haemoglobin%3F&rft.au=Alayash%2C+Abdu+I&rft.aulast=Alayash&rft.aufirst=Abdu&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=152&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+reviews.+Drug+discovery&rft.issn=14741776&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Some implications of genetic biomarkers in occupational epidemiology and practice. AN - 71755315; 15018031 AB - This paper addresses the use of genetic biomarkers in occupational epidemiology and some of the scientific, ethical, and social implications for epidemiologists and practitioners to consider, including issues involving individual risk estimation, the communication of epidemiologic results, and the translation of epidemiologic data into clinical or occupational health practice. Three scenarios from the occupational setting illustrate some of these issues and implications. The scenarios involve glutathione-S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) and hematopoietic cancer in hospital workers, human leukocyte antigen coding for glutamic acid in the 69th position (HLA DPB1(E69)) and chronic beryllium disease in beryllium workers, and peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) deletion and carpal tunnel syndrome in railroad track workers. Epidemiologic research involving genetic biomarkers requires the application of genetic tests and can be considered on a continuum between basic sciences and clinical and occupational and public health practice for which questions of test relevance, validity, and utility become important. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Schulte, P A AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, United States. pas4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 71 EP - 79 VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Genetic Markers KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Penetrance KW - Humans KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Diseases -- genetics KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Molecular Epidemiology -- methods KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71755315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Some+implications+of+genetic+biomarkers+in+occupational+epidemiology+and+practice.&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Scand J Work Environ Health. 2004 Feb;30(1):1-3 [15018023] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adolescent menthol smokers: will they be a harder target for cessation? AN - 71696015; 14982712 AB - Menthol smoking may influence the development of tobacco addiction and related health consequences, yet limited data on menthol smoking by youth are available. We assessed usual brand menthol preference by Baltimore-area teenage smokers applying to a smoking cessation study between September 1999 and December 2002. Of a biethnic (Black and White) sample of 593 youths (mean age=15.5+/-1.4 years, 51% female, 45% African American), the overwhelming majority (93%) were menthol smokers. Menthol preference rates were highest among African American girls and lowest among White boys. Overall, a statistically significant association was found between ethnicity and menthol preference, chi2 (df=1)=19.4, p<.001. This association also was observed separately for girls, chi2 (df=1)=9.21, p=.0024, and for boys, chi2 (df=1)=9.59, p=.0020. Menthol smoking did not vary with age in either ethnic group. These findings of overwhelming menthol preference in a treatment-seeking sample of adolescents warrant further research on the developmental trajectory, cessation, and health-related impact of menthol smoking by youth. JF - Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco AU - Moolchan, Eric T AD - Teen Tobacco Addiction Treatment Research Clinic, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. emoolcha@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - S93 EP - S95 VL - 6 Suppl 1 SN - 1462-2203, 1462-2203 KW - Menthol KW - 1490-04-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Health Status KW - African Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adolescent KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Male KW - Female KW - Menthol -- adverse effects KW - Adolescent Behavior KW - Menthol -- administration & dosage KW - Smoking Cessation -- methods KW - Smoking -- ethnology KW - Smoking -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71696015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nicotine+%26+tobacco+research+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Research+on+Nicotine+and+Tobacco&rft.atitle=Adolescent+menthol+smokers%3A+will+they+be+a+harder+target+for+cessation%3F&rft.au=Moolchan%2C+Eric+T&rft.aulast=Moolchan&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=6+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nicotine+%26+tobacco+research+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Research+on+Nicotine+and+Tobacco&rft.issn=14622203&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Specifically targeted killing of interleukin-13 (IL-13) receptor-expressing breast cancer by IL-13 fusion cytotoxin in animal model of human disease. AN - 71674719; 14985454 AB - Interleukin-13 receptor (IL-13R) alpha2 chain binds IL-13 with high affinity and can internalize after binding to ligand. We have exploited this property of IL-13Ralpha2 chain by receptor-targeted breast cancer therapy. Previous studies have demonstrated that in vivo intratumoral (i.t.) gene transfer of this chain followed by IL-13 cytotoxin [comprised of IL-13 and Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL13-PE38QQR)] therapy causes regression of established human tumors in xenografted models. Breast carcinoma cells do not express IL-13Ralpha2 chain and are resistant to the antitumor effect of IL-13 cytotoxin. To determine whether IL-13Ralpha2 chain can render sensitivity of breast cancer to IL-13 cytotoxin, we injected IL-13Ralpha2 plasmid in s.c. established tumors by i.t. route, followed by systemic or i.t. IL-13 cytotoxin administration. This combination approach showed profound antitumor activity against human breast tumors in xenografted immunodeficient mice. Interestingly, there was dominant infiltration of inflammatory cells in regressing tumors, which were identified to be macrophages producing nitric oxide (NO) and natural killer cells. The partial role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-positive macrophages was confirmed by in vivo macrophage depletion experiments. Serum chemistry, hematology, and organ histology from treated mice did not show any remarkable toxicity resulting from the combination therapy. Taken together, local gene transfer of IL-13Ralpha2 followed by receptor-targeted IL-13 cytotoxin therapy may be applied safely and effectively to the treatment of localized breast cancer. JF - Molecular cancer therapeutics AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA. Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 137 EP - 147 VL - 3 IS - 2 SN - 1535-7163, 1535-7163 KW - Exotoxins KW - 0 KW - IL13RA1 protein, human KW - Il13ra1 protein, mouse KW - Interleukin-13 KW - Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit KW - Receptors, Interleukin KW - Receptors, Interleukin-13 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Animals KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- adverse effects KW - Macrophages -- immunology KW - Plasmids -- genetics KW - Humans KW - Interleukin-4 -- pharmacology KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Mice KW - Mice, Nude KW - Transgenes -- genetics KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Pseudomonas -- chemistry KW - Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays KW - Substrate Specificity KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- therapeutic use KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- metabolism KW - Killer Cells, Natural -- immunology KW - Macrophages -- metabolism KW - Interleukin-13 -- blood KW - Breast Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Breast Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Interleukin-13 -- administration & dosage KW - Exotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- metabolism KW - Breast Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Interleukin-13 -- therapeutic use KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- genetics KW - Genetic Therapy -- methods KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Breast Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Exotoxins -- adverse effects KW - Exotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Interleukin-13 -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71674719?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+cancer+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Specifically+targeted+killing+of+interleukin-13+%28IL-13%29+receptor-expressing+breast+cancer+by+IL-13+fusion+cytotoxin+in+animal+model+of+human+disease.&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+Koji%3BKawakami%2C+Mariko%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=Koji&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+cancer+therapeutics&rft.issn=15357163&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Home Care before and after the Balanced Budget Act of 1997: Shifts in Financing and Services AN - 61344036; 200403602 AB - Describes the pattern of change in home-care use & expenditures, the distribution of payments by source, & the mix of skilled vs non-skilled services before & after 1996. The analysis is based on tabulations of the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey & the 1996, 1998, & 1999 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys. Estimates are weighted to represent the US civilian non-institutionalized population. After increasing dramatically between 1987 & 1996, formal home care use & expenditures fell between 1996 & 1999. The decline was largely due to a decrease in funding under Medicare, which coincided with changes initiated in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (BBA). Declines in total spending were attenuated by increases in expenditures under state & local programs. After the BBA, fewer skilled services were provided to the elderly population & more unskilled services were provided to the non-elderly population. These findings highlight the increasing role of state governments in funding home care after the BBA. However, more recent pressure on state budgets & the institution of prospective payment under Medicare for home care may alter these trends. 4 Tables, 29 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - The Gerontologist AU - Spector, William D AU - Cohen, Joel W AU - Pesis-Katz, Irena AD - Agency Healthcare Research & Quality, Rockville, MD wspector@AHRQ.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 39 EP - 47 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0016-9013, 0016-9013 KW - Medicare KW - United States of America KW - Medicaid KW - Home Health Care KW - Government Spending KW - Home Care KW - Health Care Utilization KW - article KW - 6127: social gerontology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61344036?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Gerontologist&rft.atitle=Home+Care+before+and+after+the+Balanced+Budget+Act+of+1997%3A+Shifts+in+Financing+and+Services&rft.au=Spector%2C+William+D%3BCohen%2C+Joel+W%3BPesis-Katz%2C+Irena&rft.aulast=Spector&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Gerontologist&rft.issn=00169013&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-10-30 N1 - Number of references - 29 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - GRNTA3 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Home Health Care; Health Care Utilization; Government Spending; Medicare; Medicaid; Home Care; United States of America ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of ground penetrating radar to assess ground control problems in two underground limestone mines AN - 50888070; 2005-044551 JF - Proceedings of SAGEEP AU - Trevits, Michael A AU - Monaghan, William D AU - Mucho, Thomas P AU - Allred, Barry Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - February 2004 SP - 788 EP - 805 PB - Environmental and Engineering Geophysical Society, Wheat Ridge, CO VL - 2004 KW - United States KW - mining KW - mines KW - technology KW - underground mining KW - ground-penetrating radar KW - limestone deposits KW - geophysical methods KW - radar methods KW - case studies KW - safety KW - mining geology KW - electromagnetic methods KW - applications KW - Pennsylvania KW - instruments KW - 20:Applied geophysics KW - 28A:Economic geology, geology of nonmetal deposits UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/50888070?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+SAGEEP&rft.atitle=Application+of+ground+penetrating+radar+to+assess+ground+control+problems+in+two+underground+limestone+mines&rft.au=Trevits%2C+Michael+A%3BMonaghan%2C+William+D%3BMucho%2C+Thomas+P%3BAllred%2C+Barry&rft.aulast=Trevits&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=2004&rft.issue=&rft.spage=788&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+SAGEEP&rft.issn=1554-8015&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://scitation.aip.org/sageep/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Symposium on the Application of geophysics to engineering and environmental problems N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 16 N1 - PubXState - CO N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - applications; case studies; electromagnetic methods; geophysical methods; ground-penetrating radar; instruments; limestone deposits; mines; mining; mining geology; Pennsylvania; radar methods; safety; technology; underground mining; United States ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trapping radioactive carbon dioxide during cellular metabolic assays under standard culture conditions: description of a unique gas-capturing device AN - 21033689; 8548324 AB - Measurement of carbon dioxide levels has been employed to follow cellular metabolic reactions for quite some time. By radio-labeling substrate molecules and evaluating the radioactivity levels of the carbon dioxide released, insight into metabolic pathways can be gleaned. Currently, no carbon dioxide capturing device is available that can be used with large volume cell monolayers growing under standard conditions within a regular commercially available culture flask. In this note we describe a simple device for collecting radio-labeled carbon dioxide from a standard culture flask. The device is independent of the culture flask, but can be attached for metabolic measurements allowing cells to be grown under standard conditions prior to study. The presented design permits convenient transfer of the device between flasks without contaminating or disturbing cells growing within the flasks. Data are presented demonstrating the reproducibility of measurements made with multiple devices with different substrate concentrations and varying periods of time, ranging up to 3 h. JF - Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods AU - Krieg, Rene C AU - Liotta, Lance A AU - Petricoin, Emanuel F AU - Herrmann, Paul C AD - FDA-NCI Clinical Proteomics Program, Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10 Room 2n212, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, herrmanp@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 119 EP - 124 PB - Elsevier Science, The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 58 IS - 2 SN - 0165-022X, 0165-022X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Author Keywords: Metabolism KW - Physiological KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Radioactivity KW - Data processing KW - Metabolic pathways KW - Cell culture KW - Trapping KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21033689?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Methods&rft.atitle=Trapping+radioactive+carbon+dioxide+during+cellular+metabolic+assays+under+standard+culture+conditions%3A+description+of+a+unique+gas-capturing+device&rft.au=Krieg%2C+Rene+C%3BLiotta%2C+Lance+A%3BPetricoin%2C+Emanuel+F%3BHerrmann%2C+Paul+C&rft.aulast=Krieg&rft.aufirst=Rene&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Methods&rft.issn=0165022X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jbbm.2003.10.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Metabolic pathways; Cell culture; Radioactivity; Carbon dioxide; Trapping DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbbm.2003.10.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - National efforts to identify research issues related to prevention of work- related musculoskeletal disorders AN - 20845472; 5827977 AB - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), including low back and upper extremity disorders, represent one of the greatest work-related health concerns facing industrialized nations. Recently, two national groups were charged with developing research agendas aimed at increasing our knowledge of the prevention of these disorders. The first agenda, developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) MSD team, was based on input from several hundred practitioners and safety and health experts representing industry, labor, and academia. The second agenda, developed by the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) National Panel on Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace, was based on input from leading researchers in the fields of medicine, information science, and ergonomics. This paper summarizes the findings of the two groups and compares the two research agendas. JF - Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology AU - Waters, T R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, 45226, USA Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 7 EP - 12 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 1050-6411, 1050-6411 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Low back pain KW - Upper extremity disorders KW - Research gaps KW - Prevention KW - Occupational safety KW - prevention KW - musculoskeletal system KW - Ergonomics KW - Working conditions KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20845472?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Electromyography+and+Kinesiology&rft.atitle=National+efforts+to+identify+research+issues+related+to+prevention+of+work-+related+musculoskeletal+disorders&rft.au=Waters%2C+T+R&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Electromyography+and+Kinesiology&rft.issn=10506411&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jelekin.2003.09.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; prevention; Working conditions; Ergonomics; musculoskeletal system DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2003.09.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Improved Laboratory Enrichment for Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli by Exposure to Extremely Acidic Conditions AN - 19265702; 5826517 AB - Analysis of food samples for E. coli O157:H7 using the standard U.S. Food and Drug Administration procedure is frequently complicated by overgrowth of nontarget microorganisms. A new procedure was developed for enrichment of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) which utilizes exposure to pH 2.00 for 2 h. This procedure yielded larger populations of EHEC than the standard method by factors ranging from 2.7 to 7.7 and, when age-stressed cultures were used, by factors ranging from 2.7 to 11.5. Cultures of competing enterics were more effectively inhibited by the new enrichment protocol as well. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Grant, MA AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23 super(rd) Dr., SE, Bothell, WA 98021, mgrant@ora.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 1226 EP - 1230 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 70 IS - 2 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - O157 antigen KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Escherichia coli KW - Media (enrichment) KW - Food contamination KW - pH effects KW - Food-borne diseases KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - J 02702:Transport, isolation, selection and enrichment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19265702?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Improved+Laboratory+Enrichment+for+Enterohemorrhagic+Escherichia+coli+by+Exposure+to+Extremely+Acidic+Conditions&rft.au=Grant%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=1226&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.70.2.1226-1230.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Media (enrichment); Food contamination; pH effects; Food-borne diseases; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.70.2.1226-1230.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure of the OmpA-like domain of RmpM from Neisseria meningitidis AN - 19264396; 5851411 AB - RmpM is a putative peptidoglycan binding protein from Neisseria meningitidis that has been shown to interact with integral outer membrane proteins such as porins and TonB-dependent transporters. Here we report the 1.9 Aa crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of RmpM. The 150-residue domain adopts a beta alpha beta alpha beta beta fold, as first identified in Bacillus subtilis chorismate mutase. The C-terminal RmpM domain is homologous to the periplasmic, C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli OmpA; these domains are thought to be responsible for non-covalent interactions with peptidoglycan. From the structure of the OmpA-like domain of RmpM, we suggest a putative peptidoglycan binding site and identify residues that may be essential for binding. Both the crystal structure and solution experiments indicate that RmpM may exist as a dimer. This would promote more efficient peptidoglycan binding, by allowing RmpM to interact simultaneously with two glycan chains through its C-terminal, OmpA-like binding domain, while its (structurally uncharacterized) N-terminal domain could stabilize oligomers of porins and TonB-dependent transporters in the outer membrane. JF - Molecular Microbiology AU - Grizot, S AU - Buchanan, S K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA., skbuchan@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 1027 EP - 1037 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 51 IS - 4 SN - 0950-382X, 0950-382X KW - RmpM protein KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - OmpA protein KW - C-Terminus KW - Outer membranes KW - Crystal structure KW - peptidoglycans KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19264396?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Structure+of+the+OmpA-like+domain+of+RmpM+from+Neisseria+meningitidis&rft.au=Grizot%2C+S%3BBuchanan%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Grizot&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1027&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+Microbiology&rft.issn=0950382X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2958.2003.03903.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria meningitidis; Outer membranes; Crystal structure; C-Terminus; OmpA protein; peptidoglycans DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2003.03903.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Genital Tract Infection by Leading-Candidate Topical Microbicides in a Mouse Model AN - 19258701; 5840134 AB - The development of effective vaginal microbicides is paramount in the fight against the spread of sexually transmitted infections. Preclinical testing of candidate microbicides for the prevention of gonorrhea has been seriously hindered by the lack of an animal model. We assessed the efficacy of 7 promising formulated agents--CarraGuard, Ushercell, [poly]sodium 4-styrene sulfonate (T-PSS), PRO 2000, ACIDFORM, cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), and BufferGel--by use of a mouse model of Neisseria gonorrhoeae genital tract infection. Mice received test agent, relevant placebo, or no treatment, followed by intravaginal N. gonorrhoeae challenge. N. gonorrhoeae colonization was tested by vaginal culture. CarraGuard, Ushercell, and T-PSS demonstrated significant protection, compared with control agents and no treatment. PRO 2000, ACIDFORM, and CAP showed significant protection, compared with no treatment but not compared with respective control agents. Mice that received BufferGel were provided significant protection, compared with untreated control mice; no placebo was tested. The findings of the present study suggest that topical agents may effectively reduce N. gonorrhoeae infection and that further evaluation is warranted. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Spencer, SE AU - Valentin-Bon, I E AU - Whaley, K AU - Jerse, A E AD - US Food and Drug Administration, CFSAN, College Park, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2004/02/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Feb 01 SP - 410 EP - 419 VL - 189 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Sexually-transmitted diseases KW - Vagina KW - Animal models KW - Gonorrhea KW - Neisseria gonorrhoeae KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - J 02849:Sexually-transmitted diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19258701?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+Neisseria+gonorrhoeae+Genital+Tract+Infection+by+Leading-Candidate+Topical+Microbicides+in+a+Mouse+Model&rft.au=Spencer%2C+SE%3BValentin-Bon%2C+I+E%3BWhaley%2C+K%3BJerse%2C+A+E&rft.aulast=Spencer&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=189&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=410&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Sexually-transmitted diseases; Vagina; Antimicrobial agents; Gonorrhea; Animal models ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proteomic approaches in cancer risk and response assessment AN - 19248424; 5828906 AB - Proteomics is more than just a list-generating exercise where increases or decreases in protein expression are identified. Proteomic technologies will ultimately characterize information-flow through the protein circuitry that interconnects the extracellular microenvironment to the serum or plasma macroenvironment through intracellular signaling systems and their control of gene transcription. The nature of this information can be a cause or a consequence of disease processes and how patients respond to therapy. Analysis of human cancer as a model for how proteomics can have an impact at the bedside can take advantage of several promising new proteomic technologies. These technologies are being developed for early detection and risk assessment, therapeutic targeting and patient-tailored therapy. JF - Trends in Molecular Medicine AU - Petricoin, E F AU - Liotta, LA AD - FDA-NCI, Clinical Proteomics Program, Building 29A, Room 2D12, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, petricoin@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 59 EP - 64 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 1471-4914, 1471-4914 KW - man KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Gene therapy KW - Reviews KW - Transcription KW - Microenvironments KW - Cancer KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33180:Gene based (protocols, clinical trials, and animal models) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19248424?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Trends+in+Molecular+Medicine&rft.atitle=Proteomic+approaches+in+cancer+risk+and+response+assessment&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+E+F%3BLiotta%2C+LA&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Trends+in+Molecular+Medicine&rft.issn=14714914&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.molmed.2003.12.006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cancer; Gene therapy; Microenvironments; Transcription; Risk assessment; Reviews DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2003.12.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The NeuC Protein of Escherichia coli K1 Is a UDP N-Acetylglucosamine 2-Epimerase AN - 19233533; 5810467 AB - The K1 capsule is an essential virulence determinant of Escherichia coli strains that cause meningitis in neonates. Biosynthesis and transport of the capsule, an alpha -2,8-linked polymer of sialic acid, are encoded by the 17-kb kps gene cluster. We deleted neuC, a K1 gene implicated in sialic acid synthesis, from the chromosome of EV36, a K-12-K1 hybrid, by allelic exchange. Exogenously added sialic acid restored capsule expression to the deletion strain ([Delta] neuC), confirming that NeuC is necessary for sialic acid synthesis. The deduced amino acid sequence of NeuC showed similarities to those of UDP- N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 2-epimerases from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The NeuC homologue from serotype III Streptococcus agalactiae complements [Delta] neuC. We cloned the neuC gene into an intein expression vector to facilitate purification. We demonstrated by paper chromatography that the purified neuC gene product catalyzed the formation of (2- super(14)C)acetamidoglucal and (N- super(14)C)acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) from UDP-( super(14)C)GlcNAc. The formation of reaction intermediate 2-acetamidoglucal with the concomitant release of UDP was confirmed by proton and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NeuC could not use GlcNAc as a substrate. These data suggest that neuC encodes an epimerase that catalyzes the formation of ManNAc from UDP-GlcNAc via a 2-acetamidoglucal intermediate. The unexpected release of the glucal intermediate and the extremely low rate of ManNAc formation likely were a result of the in vitro assay conditions, in which a key regulatory molecule or protein was absent. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Vann, W F AU - Daines, DA AU - Murkin, A S AU - Tanner, ME AU - Chaffin, DO AU - Rubens, CE AU - Vionnet, J AU - Silver, R P AD - Laboratory of Bacterial Toxins, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, wvann@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 706 EP - 712 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 186 IS - 3 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - K1 capsule KW - NeuC gene KW - NeuC protein KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - cDNA KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Virulence KW - Capsules KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Escherichia coli KW - UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase KW - Sialic acids KW - Meningitis KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19233533?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=The+NeuC+Protein+of+Escherichia+coli+K1+Is+a+UDP+N-Acetylglucosamine+2-Epimerase&rft.au=Vann%2C+W+F%3BDaines%2C+DA%3BMurkin%2C+A+S%3BTanner%2C+ME%3BChaffin%2C+DO%3BRubens%2C+CE%3BVionnet%2C+J%3BSilver%2C+R+P&rft.aulast=Vann&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=186&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=706&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJB.186.3.706-712.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Virulence; Capsules; Nucleotide sequence; UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase; Sialic acids; Meningitis; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.186.3.706-712.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Influence of acidulant identity on the effects of pH and acid resistance on the radiation resistance of Escherichia coli O157:H7 AN - 19221983; 5783940 AB - The effects of pH (4.0-5.5), acid identity (acetic, citric, lactic, malic, and hydrochloric), and the induction of pH-dependent stationary phase acid resistance on the radiation resistance of E. coli O157:H7 Ent-C9490 was studied using cells grown in Tryptic Soy Broth with and without dextrose (induced and non-induced to acid resistance) and then resuspended in brain-heart infusion broth containing 5g/l of an organic acid and acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid. After treatment with gamma radiation, the number of survivors was determined by plating on brain-heart infusion agar (injured and non-injured cells) and MacConkey agar (non-injured cells), and the data used to calculate radiation D-values. The induction of pH-dependent stationary phase acid resistance consistently provided the enterohemorrhagic E. coli strain cross-protection from subsequent irradiation, increasing radiation D-values by 1.2-3.3-fold, depending on the organic acid present. The radiation resistance of E. coli varied with acid identity, but was largely unaffected by pH within the range examined. The results indicate that induction of cross-protection resulting from induction of acid resistance is a factor that should be considered to accurately determine the radiation dose needed to inactivate enterohemorrhagic E. coli in foods. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Buchanan, R L AU - Edelson-Mammel, S G AU - Boyd, G AU - Marmer, B S AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA, robert.buchanan@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 51 EP - 57 PB - Elsevier Ltd VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Inactivation KW - ^g Radiation KW - Lactic acid KW - Escherichia coli KW - Survival KW - Food contamination KW - Acetic acid KW - pH effects KW - Hydrochloric acid KW - Malic acid KW - Citric acid KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19221983?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Influence+of+acidulant+identity+on+the+effects+of+pH+and+acid+resistance+on+the+radiation+resistance+of+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7&rft.au=Buchanan%2C+R+L%3BEdelson-Mammel%2C+S+G%3BBoyd%2C+G%3BMarmer%2C+B+S&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0740-0020%2803%2900039-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Escherichia coli; ^g Radiation; Survival; Food contamination; Hydrochloric acid; Inactivation; pH effects; Acetic acid; Citric acid; Lactic acid; Malic acid DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0740-0020(03)00039-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes by pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment in a static chamber AN - 19213207; 5783934 AB - An experimental analysis of the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF) energy on the inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes was conducted using a custom-designed static chamber and a gel suspension medium for treatment. This allowed PEF energy to be delivered to the suspension under near isothermal conditions. The effects of variations in the number of pulses (5-50 pulses), electric field strength (15-30kV/cm), temperature (0-60 degree C) and media bases (water and skim milk) on the inactivation of L. monocytogenes were examined. At temperatures less than 50 degree C a maximum of 1log reduction was obtained for L. monocytogenes regardless of pulse number or electric field strength within the ranges examined. In skim milk no reduction occurred. At 50 degree C and 55 degree C synergy between PEF and thermal energy was observed. The experimental approach separated the contribution of PEF and thermal energy to total kill and thus allowed this synergy to be quantified. At 55 degree C the kill due to PEF energy increased to 4.5 logs with another 4.5 logs reduction attributable to thermal energy. It appears that under the conditions of this study PEF alone has a very limited effect on the reduction of L. monocytogenes. However, the addition of thermal energy not only contributed to the kill, but also increased the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to PEF energy. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Fleischman, G J AU - Ravishankar, S AU - Balasubramaniam, V M AD - US Food and Drug Administration, The National Center for Food Safety Technology, 6502, South Archer Road, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA, gfleisch@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 91 EP - 95 VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Temperature effects KW - Inactivation KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Synergism KW - Electric fields KW - Skim milk KW - A 01019:Sterilization, preservation & packaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19213207?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+inactivation+of+Listeria+monocytogenes+by+pulsed+electric+field+%28PEF%29+treatment+in+a+static+chamber&rft.au=Fleischman%2C+G+J%3BRavishankar%2C+S%3BBalasubramaniam%2C+V+M&rft.aulast=Fleischman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0740-0020%2803%2900015-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Inactivation; Electric fields; Temperature effects; Skim milk; Synergism DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0740-0020(03)00015-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids - Genotoxicity, Metabolism Enzymes, Metabolic Activation, and Mechanisms AN - 18046896; 6001349 AB - Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants are widely distributed in the world and are probably the most common poisonous plants affecting livestock, wildlife, and humans. Because of their abundance and potent toxicities, the mechanisms by which pyrrolizidine alkaloids induce genotoxicities, particularly carcinogenicity, were extensively studied for several decades but not exclusively elucidated until recently. To date, the pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced genotoxicities were revealed to be elicited by the hepatic metabolism of these naturally occurring toxins. In this review, we present updated information on the metabolism, metabolizing enzymes, and the mechanisms by which pyrrolizidine alkaloids exert genotoxicity and tumorigenicity. JF - Drug Metabolism Reviews AU - Fu, P P AU - Xia, Qingsu AU - Lin, G AU - Chou, Ming W AD - 3900 NCTR Road, HFT-110, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, pfu@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 1 EP - 55 VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 0360-2532, 0360-2532 KW - metabolic activation KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - pyrrolizidine alkaloids KW - Reviews KW - Genotoxicity KW - Toxicity KW - Livestock KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18046896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+Metabolism+Reviews&rft.atitle=Pyrrolizidine+Alkaloids+-+Genotoxicity%2C+Metabolism+Enzymes%2C+Metabolic+Activation%2C+and+Mechanisms&rft.au=Fu%2C+P+P%3BXia%2C+Qingsu%3BLin%2C+G%3BChou%2C+Ming+W&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+Metabolism+Reviews&rft.issn=03602532&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FDMR-120028426 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - pyrrolizidine alkaloids; Reviews; Genotoxicity; Toxicity; Livestock DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/DMR-120028426 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental treatment with difluoromethylornithine has few effects on behavior or body weight in Sprague-Dawley rats AN - 18002622; 5932461 AB - Developmental difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) treatment reduces cerebellar weight, but the functional alterations resulting from this have been little investigated. Here, Sprague-Dawley rats were subcutaneously injected with 500 mg/kg DFMO on postnatal days (PNDs) 5-12 and a comprehensive set of behavioral assessments measured early developmental behaviors (righting reflex, negative geotaxis), motor coordination, acoustic startle, short- and long-term activity, social behaviors, anxiety, and spatial learning and memory. DFMO treatment appeared to cause a decreased latency to perform the negative geotaxis behavior on PNDs 8-10 and increased latency to hang by the forelimbs on PNDs 12-14. Our previous study did not indicate similar effects, but age at testing differed between the two studies. DFMO treatment caused a decreased latency to maximum acoustic startle response in both the acoustic startle paradigm and in the pulse-alone trials of the prepulse inhibition test. This DFMO treatment paradigm induced a 10% decrease in adult cerebellar weight, but the results here imply that such developmental stunting has few functional alterations. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Ferguson, SA AU - Cada, A M AD - HFT-132, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, sferguson@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 83 EP - 93 PB - Elsevier Inc. VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Prenatal experience KW - Cerebellum KW - Startle response KW - Body weight KW - Behavior KW - Eflornithine KW - N3 11104:Mammals (except primates) KW - X 24152:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18002622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Developmental+treatment+with+difluoromethylornithine+has+few+effects+on+behavior+or+body+weight+in+Sprague-Dawley+rats&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+SA%3BCada%2C+A+M&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ntt.2003.08.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Startle response; Cerebellum; Behavior; Prenatal experience; Eflornithine; Body weight DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2003.08.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of lead and cadmium in wines by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry AN - 17885762; 5847740 AB - The lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) content of various wines on the Korean market were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry using Zeeman background correction and peak area mode. All wine samples were microwave-digested in concentrated HNO sub(3). Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium nitrate were used as matrix modifiers for both Pb and Cd analyses. The mean Pb content of the wines was about 29 wg l super(m1) ranging from 5 to 87 wg l super(m1). Also, the means of Cd were about 0.5 wg l super(m1) ranging from < 0.1 to 3.0 wg l super(m1). The mean recoveries of Pb and Cd were 92.8 and 101.3% and their analytical detection limits were 1.0 and 0.1 wg l super(m1), respectively. Sixty brands of wine were classified into red and white, but no statistically significant difference in Pb and Cd content was observed. JF - Food Additives and Contaminants AU - Kim, Meehye AD - Department of Food Evaluation, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbun-dong, Seoul 122-704, Korea Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 154 EP - 157 VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - atomic absorption spectroscopy KW - wine KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Alcoholic beverages KW - Heavy metals KW - Food contamination KW - Lead KW - Cadmium KW - Korea, Rep. KW - Wine KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17885762?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.atitle=Determination+of+lead+and+cadmium+in+wines+by+graphite+furnace+atomic+absorption+spectrometry&rft.au=Kim%2C+Meehye&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Meehye&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=154&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Korea, Rep.; Heavy metals; Cadmium; Lead; Food contamination; Wine; Alcoholic beverages ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic diversity and virulence gene determinants of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella isolated from preharvest turkey production sources AN - 17885749; 5857009 AB - This study evaluated the molecular diversity of 29 Salmonella serotypes isolated from turkey ceca and the production environment. Isolates were resistant to bacitracin (100%), erythromycin (100%), novobiocin (100%), rifampin (100%), streptomycin (62%), gentamicin (52%), spectinomycin (48%), tetracycline (31%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SXT) (3%) and tobramycin (3%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 32 to [greater-than or equal to]1024 mu g/ml. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and ribotyping patterns were identical within each of the serotypes Heidelberg, Worthington and Muenster. The plasmid profiles were identical within each of the Salmonella serotypes. Two different clones of Salmonella anatum were differentiated by PFGE typing but not by ribotyping. Heidelberg isolates from nine turkey ceca and three drinker samples had identical antibiotic resistance, PFGE, ribotype and plasmid patterns, suggesting that transmission of this particular clone may have occurred between the birds and the drinkers. Identical PFGE, ribotype and plasmid patterns were observed in one Salmonella worthington isolate from turkey ceca in one flock and two S. worthington isolates from feeder contents and drinkers from a subsequent flock, suggesting transmission of this pathogen between flocks. Individual and multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses revealed the presence of the virulence genes invA, aceK and sopB and the absence of the h-1i gene in all isolates. A combination of genotypic and phenotypic markers can be useful in studying genetic variation among natural salmonellae populations in turkey production and delineating possible transmission pathways. JF - International Journal of Food Microbiology AU - Nayak, R AU - Stewart, T AU - Wang, R-F AU - Lin, J AU - Cerniglia, CE AU - Kenney, P B AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, RNayak@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 51 EP - 62 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - h-1i gene KW - aceK gene KW - invA gene KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Ribotyping KW - antibiotic resistance KW - Plasmids KW - Food contamination KW - sopB gene KW - Genetic markers KW - Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - Salmonella KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02760:Plasmids KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17885749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Genetic+diversity+and+virulence+gene+determinants+of+antibiotic-resistant+Salmonella+isolated+from+preharvest+turkey+production+sources&rft.au=Nayak%2C+R%3BStewart%2C+T%3BWang%2C+R-F%3BLin%2C+J%3BCerniglia%2C+CE%3BKenney%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=Nayak&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0168-1605%2803%2900330-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella; antibiotic resistance; Food contamination; sopB gene; Genetic markers; Ribotyping; Plasmids; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; Antibiotic resistance DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00330-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk factors for HCV infection among blood donors confirmed to be positive for the presence of HCV RNA and not reactive for the presence of anti-HCV AN - 17095113; 6598037 AB - BACKGROUND:In 1999, NAT of blood donations was implemented to detect 'window-period' infections. Blood donors who have confirmed NAT results positive for the presence of HCV in the absence of anti-HCV are likely to have been recently infected. Of over 26.8 million donations tested between March 3, 1999, and March 31, 2003, 810 were HCV-reactive by NAT. A subset of these donors was assessed for recent exposure risk. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:All anti-HCV- blood donors with reactive, unconfirmed HCV NAT results were invited to participate in a study that included an extensive demographic and risk questionnaire. Confirmed HCV+ cases were compared to HCV- (falsely positive) controls for histories of potential risk factors during the 6 months before donation. RESULTS:Recent injection drug use (IDU) was independently associated with HCV infection (29.2% vs. 0% of cases vs. controls, p < 0.001). In addition, likely sources were identified for three other cases (4.6%), including occupational exposure, sexual contact with an HCV-infected partner (who was an IDU), and perinatal exposure, none of which was known to the donors at the time of donation. Incarceration was independently associated with HCV infection among the group not reporting IDU and after removal of the three donors with likely sources of risk (14.6% vs. 1.3% of cases vs. controls, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS:A likely risk, primarily IDU, was found for 43 percent of HCV+ donors whose infections were identified solely by NAT. Because the maximum efficiency of the donor history questions may have been reached, NAT will continue to be an important measure to interdict recently infected blood donors. JF - Transfusion AU - Orton, S L AU - Stramer, S L AU - Dodd, R Y AU - Alter, MJ Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 275 EP - 281 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0041-1132, 0041-1132 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - demography KW - drug abuse KW - Historical account KW - Blood donors KW - Inventories KW - Drug abuse KW - Infection KW - Sexual behavior KW - Disease transmission KW - prisons KW - Demography KW - Efficiency KW - Hepatitis C virus KW - Infectious diseases KW - Perinatal exposure KW - RNA KW - Risk factors KW - blood donors KW - infection KW - Drugs KW - Occupational exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - N 14810:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17095113?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transfusion&rft.atitle=Risk+factors+for+HCV+infection+among+blood+donors+confirmed+to+be+positive+for+the+presence+of+HCV+RNA+and+not+reactive+for+the+presence+of+anti-HCV&rft.au=Orton%2C+S+L%3BStramer%2C+S+L%3BDodd%2C+R+Y%3BAlter%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Orton&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=275&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transfusion&rft.issn=00411132&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1537-2995.2004.00623.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-04-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Tables, 3; references, 22. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Demography; Inventories; Blood donors; RNA; Perinatal exposure; Risk factors; Infection; Drugs; Occupational exposure; demography; Historical account; drug abuse; Drug abuse; Sexual behavior; Disease transmission; prisons; Efficiency; Infectious diseases; blood donors; infection; Hepatitis C virus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2004.00623.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adsorption and Clay-Catalyzed Degradation of Erythromycin A on Homoionic Clays AN - 16176169; 5987114 AB - Erythromycin has been widely used in food-producing animals and in humans, and is frequently detected as an organic pollutant in U.S. streams. In batch experiments with homoionic clays, the Freundlich isotherms were determined at 10 and 25 degree C. The adsorption of erythromycin A was strongly influenced by clay type, exchanged cations, the pH of the bulk solutions, and the acidity of clay surfaces. The formation of clay-erythromycin A complexes was thermodynamically favorable except for K super(+)- and Fe super(3+)-exchanged montmorillonites, since the reactions were exothermic ( Delta H degree > 0) and the systems became stable ( Delta S degree > 0). Clays catalyzed the erythromycin A degradation by the hydrolysis of the neutral sugar and the multiple dehydrations. The surface acidity of clay surface enhanced the rate of clay-catalyzed degradation of erythromycin A. In addition, the Fe super(3+)-exchanged clay minerals seemed to have an electrostatic interaction with the erythromycin A molecule, by which the hydrolysis of the neutral sugar was influenced. JF - Journal of Environmental Quality AU - Kim, Y-H AU - Heinze, T M AU - Kim, S-J AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Div. of Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Admin., Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, ccerniglia@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/02// PY - 2004 DA - Feb 2004 SP - 257 EP - 264 VL - 33 IS - 1 SN - 0047-2425, 0047-2425 KW - erythromycin A KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Clay KW - Adsorption KW - Organic compounds KW - Soil contamination KW - Minerals KW - Drugs KW - Hydrolysis KW - Catalysis KW - P 5000:LAND POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16176169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.atitle=Adsorption+and+Clay-Catalyzed+Degradation+of+Erythromycin+A+on+Homoionic+Clays&rft.au=Kim%2C+Y-H%3BHeinze%2C+T+M%3BKim%2C+S-J%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Y-H&rft.date=2004-02-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Quality&rft.issn=00472425&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clay; Adsorption; Soil contamination; Organic compounds; Hydrolysis; Drugs; Minerals; Catalysis ER - TY - JOUR T1 - VIP receptor antagonists inhibit mammary carcinogenesis in C3(1)SV40T antigen mice. AN - 80084951; 14706566 AB - The effects of a vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist on mammary carcinogenesis were investigated using the C3(1)SV40T antigen (ag) mice. Ten microg/day VIPhybrid (VIPhyb) administered daily subcutaneously increased significantly the survival of C3(1)SV40Tag mice. At 5.2 months, VIPhyb significantly reduced the mammary tumor burden in C3(1)SV40Tag mice relative to control animals. 125I-VIP bound with high affinity to mouse mammary tumor homogenate. Because (Lys15, Arg16, Leu27)VIP1-7GRF8-27 (VPAC1 selective) but not Ro25-1553 (VPAC2 selective) inhibited specific 125I-VIP binding to mammary tumor membranes with high affinity, VPAC1 receptors predominate. By RT-PCR, VPAC1 receptor mRNA was detected in mammary tumors. By Western blot, a major 60 Kdalton band was detected in mammary tumor extracts using VPAC1 receptor antisera. By immunocytochemistry, VPAC1-R immunostaining was detected in the cytosol and plasma membrane but not the nucleus of fixed mammary tumor tissue. Using laser capture microdissected tumor cells and surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) techniques on mammary tumor cells, the proteomic profile was altered in mice treated with VIPhyb. Because VPAC1 receptor antagonists increase the survival and reduce the tumor burden in C3(1)SV40Tag mice, they may function as chemopreventive agents in mammary cancer. JF - Life sciences AU - Moody, Terry W AU - Dudek, James AU - Zakowicz, Halina AU - Walters, James AU - Jensen, Robert T AU - Petricoin, Emmanual AU - Couldrey, Chris AU - Green, Jeff E AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, NCI Office of the Director, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. moodyt@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/01/30/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jan 30 SP - 1345 EP - 1357 VL - 74 IS - 11 SN - 0024-3205, 0024-3205 KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents KW - 0 KW - Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming KW - Neoplasm Proteins KW - PG 97-269 KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Peptides, Cyclic KW - Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide KW - Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I KW - Ro 25-1553 KW - Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide KW - 37221-79-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Microcomputers KW - Humans KW - Mice KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Blotting, Western KW - Proteomics KW - Neoplasm Proteins -- genetics KW - Peptide Fragments -- pharmacology KW - Peptides, Cyclic -- pharmacology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide -- genetics KW - Anticarcinogenic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide -- analogs & derivatives KW - Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- prevention & control KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- metabolism KW - Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming -- genetics KW - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80084951?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life+sciences&rft.atitle=VIP+receptor+antagonists+inhibit+mammary+carcinogenesis+in+C3%281%29SV40T+antigen+mice.&rft.au=Moody%2C+Terry+W%3BDudek%2C+James%3BZakowicz%2C+Halina%3BWalters%2C+James%3BJensen%2C+Robert+T%3BPetricoin%2C+Emmanual%3BCouldrey%2C+Chris%3BGreen%2C+Jeff+E&rft.aulast=Moody&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft.date=2004-01-30&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Life+sciences&rft.issn=00243205&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventing foodborne disease--what clinicians can do. AN - 80133298; 14749450 JF - The New England journal of medicine AU - Acheson, David W K AU - Fiore, Anthony E AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, Md, USA. Y1 - 2004/01/29/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jan 29 SP - 437 EP - 440 VL - 350 IS - 5 KW - Hepatitis A Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Handling -- standards KW - Bioterrorism -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Food Handling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Humans KW - Bioterrorism -- prevention & control KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Food Contamination -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Hepatitis A -- transmission KW - Hepatitis A -- epidemiology KW - Hepatitis A -- prevention & control KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80133298?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Preventing+foodborne+disease--what+clinicians+can+do.&rft.au=Acheson%2C+David+W+K%3BFiore%2C+Anthony+E&rft.aulast=Acheson&rft.aufirst=David+W&rft.date=2004-01-29&rft.volume=350&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=437&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=1533-4406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: N Engl J Med. 2004 Jan 29;350(5):476-81 [14749456] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhanced pulmonary inflammatory response to inhaled endotoxin in pregnant rats AN - 19231476; 5811393 AB - Evidence suggests that pregnant animals are more sensitive than nonpregnant animals to the systemic administration of endotoxin. Studies were undertaken to assess whether an enhanced sensitivity of the pulmonary system to aerosolized endotoxin might exist during pregnancy. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley female rats (17 d of gestation) or age-matched virgin female rats were exposed to air or endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) by inhalation for 3 h. At 18 h following exposure to endotoxin, lactate dehydrogenase activity levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples from pregnant rats were 1.5-fold greater than those from endotoxin-exposed virgin rats. BAL polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) numbers were also approximately twofold greater in pregnant rats than in virgins following the inhalation of endotoxin. The increases in BAL PMNs in pregnant rats following endotoxin exposure were observed just following exposure to endotoxin as well as at 18 h following exposure. These results indicate that an increased pulmonary inflammatory response to inhaled endotoxin occurs during pregnancy in rats. Additional findings suggest that these pregnancy-linked pulmonary responses to endotoxin cannot be explained by the following potential mechanisms: changes in the inhaled dose of endotoxin, or alterations in the responsiveness of alveolar macrophages to endotoxin. To our knowledge this is the first study that has evaluated pulmonary responses to inhaled endotoxin during pregnancy. Our finding that pregnancy is associated with an increased lung inflammatory response to aerosolized endotoxin raises the possibility that there may be a generalized enhancement of pulmonary responses to inhaled toxic agents during pregnancy. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Huffman, L J AU - Frazer, D G AU - Prugh, D J AU - Brumbaugh, K AU - Platania, C AU - Reynolds, J S AU - Goldsmith, W T AD - M/S 2015, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, ljh3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01/23/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jan 23 SP - 125 EP - 144 PB - Taylor & Francis Inc. VL - 67 IS - 2 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Endotoxins KW - Lung KW - Pregnancy KW - Inflammation KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19231476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Enhanced+pulmonary+inflammatory+response+to+inhaled+endotoxin+in+pregnant+rats&rft.au=Huffman%2C+L+J%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BPrugh%2C+D+J%3BBrumbaugh%2C+K%3BPlatania%2C+C%3BReynolds%2C+J+S%3BGoldsmith%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Huffman&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-01-23&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390490264776 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Endotoxins; Inflammation; Pregnancy; Lung; Inhalation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390490264776 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Report from the 100th Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Advisory Committee meeting: US Food and Drug Administration: December 8-9, 2003 Gaithersburg, MD. AN - 80104905; 14734515 JF - Circulation AU - Fleming, Thomas AU - Nissen, Steven E AU - Borer, Jeffrey S AU - Armstrong, Paul W AU - Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Advisory Committee: US Food and Drug Administration Y1 - 2004/01/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jan 20 SP - e9004 EP - e9005 VL - 109 IS - 2 KW - Acetanilides KW - 0 KW - Delayed-Action Preparations KW - Piperazines KW - Ranolazine KW - A6IEZ5M406 KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Maryland KW - Drug Labeling KW - Angina Pectoris -- drug therapy KW - Aspirin -- administration & dosage KW - Piperazines -- therapeutic use KW - Aspirin -- therapeutic use KW - Piperazines -- adverse effects KW - Piperazines -- administration & dosage KW - Myocardial Infarction -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80104905?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Circulation&rft.atitle=Report+from+the+100th+Cardiovascular+and+Renal+Drugs+Advisory+Committee+meeting%3A+US+Food+and+Drug+Administration%3A+December+8-9%2C+2003+Gaithersburg%2C+MD.&rft.au=Fleming%2C+Thomas%3BNissen%2C+Steven+E%3BBorer%2C+Jeffrey+S%3BArmstrong%2C+Paul+W%3BCardiovascular+and+Renal+Drugs+Advisory+Committee%3A+US+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2004-01-20&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=e9004&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Circulation&rft.issn=1524-4539&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uptake of botulinum neurotoxin into cultured neurons. AN - 80095671; 14717608 AB - Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) act within the synaptic terminal to block neurotransmitter release. The toxin enters the neuron by binding to neuronal membrane receptor(s), being taken up into an endosome-like compartment, and penetrating the endosome membrane via a pH-dependent translocation process. Once within the synaptic cytoplasm, BoNT serotypes A and E cleave separate sites on the C-terminus of the neuronal protein SNAP-25, one of the SNARE proteins required for synaptic vesicle fusion. In this study, we measured the effect of brief toxin exposure on SNAP-25 proteolysis in neuronal cell cultures as an indicator of toxin translocation. The results indicate that (1) uptake of both BoNT-A and -E is enhanced with synaptic activity induced by K+ depolarization in the presence of Ca2+ and (2) translocation of BoNT-A from the acidic endosomal compartment is slow relative to that of BoNT-E. Polyclonal antisera against each toxin protect cells when applied with the toxin during stimulation but has no effect when added immediately after toxin exposure, indicating that toxin endocytosis occurs with synaptic activity. Both serotypes cleave SNAP-25 at concentrations between 50 pM and 4 nM. IC50 values for SNAP-25 cleavage are approximately 0.5 nM for both serotypes. Inhibition of the pH-dependent translocation process by pretreating cultures with concanamycin A (Con A) prevents cleavage of SNAP-25 with IC50 values of approximately 25 nM. Addition of Con A at times up to 15 min after toxin exposure abrogated BoNT-A action; however, addition of Con A after 40 min was no longer protective. In contrast, Con A inhibited, but did not prevent, translocation of BoNT-E even when added immediately after toxin exposure, indicating that pH-dependent translocation of BoNT-E is rapid relative to that of BoNT-A. This study demonstrates that uptake of both BoNT-A and -E is enhanced with synaptic activity and that translocation of the toxin catalytic moiety into the cytosol occurs at different rates for these two serotypes. JF - Biochemistry AU - Keller, James E AU - Cai, Fang AU - Neale, Elaine A AD - Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. kellerj@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/01/20/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jan 20 SP - 526 EP - 532 VL - 43 IS - 2 SN - 0006-2960, 0006-2960 KW - Botulinum Antitoxin KW - 0 KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins KW - Neurotransmitter Agents KW - Snap25 protein, mouse KW - Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 KW - Concanavalin A KW - 11028-71-0 KW - Botulinum Toxins KW - EC 3.4.24.69 KW - Botulinum Toxins, Type A KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - botulinum toxin type E KW - T579M564JY KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Botulinum Antitoxin -- pharmacology KW - Fetus KW - Spinal Cord -- metabolism KW - Calcium -- chemistry KW - Membrane Proteins -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Hydrolysis KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Neurotransmitter Agents -- secretion KW - Spinal Cord -- secretion KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Nerve Tissue Proteins -- metabolism KW - Concanavalin A -- pharmacology KW - Spinal Cord -- cytology KW - Protein Transport KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Botulinum Toxins -- pharmacology KW - Botulinum Toxins, Type A -- metabolism KW - Botulinum Toxins, Type A -- pharmacology KW - Botulinum Toxins -- metabolism KW - Neurons -- secretion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80095671?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Uptake+of+botulinum+neurotoxin+into+cultured+neurons.&rft.au=Keller%2C+James+E%3BCai%2C+Fang%3BNeale%2C+Elaine+A&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-01-20&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=526&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry&rft.issn=00062960&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exposure to carbon nanotube material: aerosol release during the handling of unrefined single-walled carbon nanotube material. AN - 71559426; 14668113 AB - Carbon nanotubes represent a relatively recently discovered allotrope of carbon that exhibits unique properties. While commercial interest in the material is leading to the development of mass production and handling facilities, little is known of the risk associated with exposure. In a two-part study, preliminary investigations have been carried out into the potential exposure routes and toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotube material (SWCNT)--a specific form of the allotrope. The material is characterized by bundles of fibrous carbon molecules that may be a few nanometers in diameter, but micrometers in length. The two production processes investigated use-transition metal catalysts, leading to the inclusion of nanometer-scale metallic particles within unrefined SWCNT material. A laboratory-based study was undertaken to evaluate the physical nature of the aerosol formed from SWCNT during mechanical agitation. This was complemented by a field study in which airborne and dermal exposure to SWCNT was investigated while handling unrefined material. Although laboratory studies indicated that with sufficient agitation, unrefined SWCNT material can release fine particles into the air, concentrations generated while handling material in the field were very low. Estimates of the airborne concentration of nanotube material generated during handling suggest that concentrations were lower than 53 microg/m(3) in all cases. Glove deposits of SWCNT during handling were estimated at between 0.2 mg and 6 mg per hand. JF - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A AU - Maynard, Andrew D AU - Baron, Paul A AU - Foley, Michael AU - Shvedova, Anna A AU - Kisin, Elena R AU - Castranova, Vincent AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. amaynard@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01/09/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jan 09 SP - 87 EP - 107 VL - 67 IS - 1 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - Aerosols KW - 0 KW - Air Pollutants KW - Nanotubes, Carbon KW - Powders KW - Index Medicus KW - Gloves, Protective KW - Motion KW - Particle Size KW - Humans KW - Filtration -- instrumentation KW - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lasers KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Nanotubes, Carbon -- chemistry KW - Inhalation Exposure -- analysis KW - Nanotubes, Carbon -- ultrastructure KW - Nanotubes, Carbon -- analysis KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Nanotubes, Carbon -- adverse effects KW - Air Pollutants -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Air Pollutants -- chemistry KW - Inhalation Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71559426?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.atitle=Exposure+to+carbon+nanotube+material%3A+aerosol+release+during+the+handling+of+unrefined+single-walled+carbon+nanotube+material.&rft.au=Maynard%2C+Andrew+D%3BBaron%2C+Paul+A%3BFoley%2C+Michael%3BShvedova%2C+Anna+A%3BKisin%2C+Elena+R%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Maynard&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.date=2004-01-09&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+toxicology+and+environmental+health.+Part+A&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk of malignant mixed mullerian tumors after tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer. AN - 80088138; 14709741 AB - Recent studies have indicated that the tamoxifen-related risk of uterine corpus cancer may be especially high for some uncommon cell types, although the magnitude of risk has not been quantified. We evaluated data from 39 451 breast cancer patients diagnosed from 1980 through 2000 who were initially treated with tamoxifen and found that the overall risk of subsequent uterine corpus cancer was increased more than twofold (observed-to-expected ratio [O/E] = 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.95 to 2.41) relative to the general SEER population. The relative risk was substantially higher for malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMMTs) (O/E = 4.62, O = 34, 95% CI = 3.20 to 6.46) than for endometrial adenocarcinomas (O/E = 2.07, O = 306, 95% CI = 1.85 to 2.32), although the excess absolute risk was smaller-an additional 1.4 versus 8.4 cancers per 10 000 women per year, respectively. Among those who survived for 5 years or longer, there was an eightfold relative risk for MMMTs and a 2.3-fold risk for endometrial adenocarcinomas, with patients developing MMMTs having a worse prognosis. These findings indicate that tamoxifen may have delayed effects, such as the increased risk of MMMTs, rare but aggressive tumors of unclear pathogenesis. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Curtis, Rochelle E AU - Freedman, D Michal AU - Sherman, Mark E AU - Fraumeni, Joseph F AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-7362, USA. rcurtis@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/01/07/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jan 07 SP - 70 EP - 74 VL - 96 IS - 1 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal KW - 0 KW - Estrogen Receptor Modulators KW - Tamoxifen KW - 094ZI81Y45 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Carcinoma, Ductal -- drug therapy KW - Adenocarcinoma -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Risk Assessment KW - Breast Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Mixed Tumor, Mullerian -- chemically induced KW - Uterine Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- administration & dosage KW - Tamoxifen -- adverse effects KW - Estrogen Receptor Modulators -- adverse effects KW - Estrogen Receptor Modulators -- administration & dosage KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- adverse effects KW - Tamoxifen -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80088138?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Risk+of+malignant+mixed+mullerian+tumors+after+tamoxifen+therapy+for+breast+cancer.&rft.au=Curtis%2C+Rochelle+E%3BFreedman%2C+D+Michal%3BSherman%2C+Mark+E%3BFraumeni%2C+Joseph+F&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Rochelle&rft.date=2004-01-07&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=1460-2105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metal composition and solubility determine lung toxicity induced by residual oil fly ash collected from different sites within a power plant AN - 856761662; 13862265 AB - Residual oil fly ash (ROFA) is a particulate pollutant comprised of soluble and insoluble metals and is produced by the combustion of fossil fuels. The objective was to examine the pulmonary responses to chemically distinct ROFA samples collected from either a precipitator or air heater within the same power plant. The collected ROFA samples were suspended in saline (total sample), incubated for 24 h at 37C, centrifuged, separated into soluble and insoluble fractions, and the metal composition was determined. In addition, electron spin resonance (ESR) was used to detect short-lived free radical intermediates produced by the ROFA samples and the different fractions. On day 0, Male Sprague-; Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with saline (vehicle control) or the ROFA samples (1 mg/100 g body wt). At day 1, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed, and lung inflammation was assessed. On day 3, additional rats that had been treated with ROFA were intratracheally inoculated with 5 10 sub(5) Listeria monocytogenes, and pulmonary bacterial clearance was measured at days 6, 8, and 10. The precipitator ROFA was found to be more soluble and acidic with a significantly greater mass of each metal compared with the air heater ROFA. A prominent hydroxyl radical signal was measured for the total and soluble precipitator ROFA after the addition of H sub(2)O sub(2), whereas the air heater ROFA and its fractions did not produce a signal. Precipitator ROFA induced a greater inflammatory response than air heater ROFA illustrated by a significant elevation in lung neutrophils. In addition, pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes was greatly diminished in the rats treated with the soluble and total precipitator ROFA samples. None of the air heater ROFA samples had an effect on lung bacterial clearance. In conclusion, precipitator ROFA, particularly the soluble fraction, generated a metal-dependent hydroxyl radical as measured by ESR and was shown to cause more inflammation and result in reduced lung defense against infection compared with air heater ROFA. These results are most likely due to differences in metal composition and solubility of the ROFA samples. JF - Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry AU - Antonini, James M AU - Taylor, Michael D AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Lawryk, Nicholas J AU - Shi, Xianglin AU - Clarke, Robert W AU - Roberts, Jenny R AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA, jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 257 EP - 265 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 255 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Metals KW - Solubility KW - Fossil fuels KW - Free radicals KW - Leukocytes (neutrophilic) KW - Fly ash KW - Toxicity KW - Infection KW - Alveoli KW - Combustion KW - Inflammation KW - Oil KW - Pollutants KW - Bronchus KW - Hydrogen peroxide KW - Lung KW - Power plants KW - X 24360:Metals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/856761662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Metal+composition+and+solubility+determine+lung+toxicity+induced+by+residual+oil+fly+ash+collected+from+different+sites+within+a+power+plant&rft.au=Antonini%2C+James+M%3BTaylor%2C+Michael+D%3BLeonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BLawryk%2C+Nicholas+J%3BShi%2C+Xianglin%3BClarke%2C+Robert+W%3BRoberts%2C+Jenny+R&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=255&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/10.1023%2FB%3AMCBI.0000007281.32126.2c LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-03-29 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Metals; Solubility; Fossil fuels; Free radicals; Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Fly ash; Toxicity; Infection; Alveoli; Inflammation; Combustion; Oil; Bronchus; Pollutants; Lung; Hydrogen peroxide; Power plants; Listeria monocytogenes DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:MCBI.0000007281.32126.2c ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a new standard laboratory protocol for estimation of the field attenuation of hearing protection devices: sample size necessary to provide acceptable reproducibility. AN - 85369993; pmid-14759024 AB - The mandate of ASA Working Group S12/WG11 has been to develop "laboratory and/or field procedure(s) that yield useful estimates of field performance" of hearing protection devices (HPDs). A real-ear attenuation at threshold procedure was selected, devised, tested for one earmuff and three earplugs via an interlaboratory study involving five laboratories and 147 subjects, and incorporated into a new standard that was approved in 1997 [Royster et al., "Development of a new standard laboratory protocol for estimating the field attenuation of hearing protection devices. Part I. Research of Working Group 11, Accredited Standards Committee S 12, Noise," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 1506-1526; ANSI, S12.6-1997, "American National Standard method for measuring real-ear attenuation of hearing protectors" (American National Standards Institute, New York, 1997)]. The subject-fit methodology of ANSI S12.6-1997 relies upon listeners who are audiometrically proficient, but inexperienced in the use of HPDs. Whenever a new method is adopted, it is important to know the effects of variability on the power of the measurements. In evaluation of protector noise reduction determined by experimenter-fit, informed-user-fit, and subject-fit methods, interlaboratory reproducibility was found to be best for the subject-fit method. Formulas were derived for determining the minimum detectable difference between attenuation measurements and for determining the number of subjects necessary to achieve a selected level of precision. For a precision of 6 dB, the study found that the minimum number of subjects was 4 for the Bilsom UF-1 earmuff, 10 for the E.A.R Classic earplug, 31 for the Willson EP100 earplug, and 22 for the PlasMed V-51R earplug. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Murphy, William J AU - Franks, John R AU - Berger, Elliott H AU - Behar, Alberto AU - Casali, John G AU - Dixon-Ernst, Christine AU - Krieg, Edward F AU - Mozo, Ben T AU - Royster, Julia D AU - Royster, Larry H AU - Simon, Stephen D AU - Stephenson, Carol AD - Hearing Loss Prevention Section, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway MS C-27, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. wmurphy@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 311 EP - 323 VL - 115 IS - 1 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Auditory Threshold KW - *Ear Protective Devices: statistics & numerical data KW - Equipment Design KW - Humans KW - Loudness Perception KW - Noise KW - Reference Standards KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Sample Size KW - *Sound Spectrography UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85369993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+new+standard+laboratory+protocol+for+estimation+of+the+field+attenuation+of+hearing+protection+devices%3A+sample+size+necessary+to+provide+acceptable+reproducibility.&rft.au=Murphy%2C+William+J%3BFranks%2C+John+R%3BBerger%2C+Elliott+H%3BBehar%2C+Alberto%3BCasali%2C+John+G%3BDixon-Ernst%2C+Christine%3BKrieg%2C+Edward+F%3BMozo%2C+Ben+T%3BRoyster%2C+Julia+D%3BRoyster%2C+Larry+H%3BSimon%2C+Stephen+D%3BStephenson%2C+Carol&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measurement of dependence of backscatter coefficient from cylinders on frequency and diameter using focused transducers--with applications in trabecular bone. AN - 85368180; pmid-14758996 AB - A theory for the elastic scattering response from a cylinder insonified by a plane wave was previously derived by Faran. In the present paper, the empirical relationship between Faran's theory and measurements of backscatter coefficient from cylindrical targets using focused transducers is investigated. Experimental measurements of dependence of backscatter coefficient on frequency and diameter for nylon wires are reported. It is found that, under certain conditions (including weak, incoherent scattering), backscatter coefficient measurements from collections of cylindrical scatterers may be meaningfully compared with Faran's model predictions. At low frequencies, the theory and experimental measurements exhibit similar dependences on frequency and diameter, provided that the scatterers are not too densely packed. At higher frequencies, the fine structure of Faran's predictions becomes difficult to reproduce experimentally with a focused transducer. Implications regarding applications to characterization of trabecular bone are discussed. JF - The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America AU - Wear, Keith A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, HFZ-142, 12720 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. kaw@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 66 EP - 72 VL - 115 IS - 1 SN - 0001-4966, 0001-4966 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - *Bone and Bones: ultrasonography KW - Calcaneus: ultrasonography KW - Humans KW - Models, Theoretical KW - *Phantoms, Imaging KW - *Scattering, Radiation KW - Sound Spectrography KW - *Transducers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85368180?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Measurement+of+dependence+of+backscatter+coefficient+from+cylinders+on+frequency+and+diameter+using+focused+transducers--with+applications+in+trabecular+bone.&rft.au=Wear%2C+Keith+A&rft.aulast=Wear&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=66&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+Acoustical+Society+of+America&rft.issn=00014966&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pro/antioxidant status in murine skin following topical exposure to cumene hydroperoxide throughout the ontogeny of skin cancer. AN - 80175682; 14972014 AB - Organic peroxides used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries have a reputation for being potent skin tumor promoters and inducers of epidermal hyperplasia. Their ability to trigger free radical generation is critical for their carcinogenic properties. Short-term in vivo exposure of mouse skin to cumene hydroperoxide (Cum-OOH) causes severe oxidative stress and formation of spin-trapped radical adducts. The present study was designed to determine the effectiveness of Cum-OOH compared to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in the induction of tumor promotion in the mouse skin, to identify the involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in oxidative metabolism of Cum-OOH in keratinocytes, and to evaluate morphological changes and outcomes of oxidative stress in skin of SENCAR mice throughout a two-stage carcinogenesis protocol. Dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated mice were treated with Cum-OOH (32.8 micro mol) or TPA (8.5 nmol) twice weekly for 20 weeks to promote papilloma formation. Skin carcinoma formed only in DMBA/Cum-OOH-exposed mice. Higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation (as indicated by the accumulation of peroxidative products, antioxidant depletion, and edema formation) were evident in the DMBA/Cum-OOH group compared to DMBA/TPA treated mice. Exposure of keratinocytes (HaCaT) to Cum-OOH for 18 h resulted in expression of COX-2 and increased levels of PGE(2). Inhibitors of COX-2 efficiently suppressed oxidative stress and enzyme expression in the cells treated with Cum-OOH. These results suggest that COX-2-dependent oxidative metabolism is at least partially involved in Cum-OOH-induced inflammatory responses and thus tumor promotion. JF - Biochemistry. Biokhimiia AU - Shvedova, A A AU - Kisin, E R AU - Murray, A AU - Kommineni, C AU - Vallyathan, V AU - Castranova, V AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. ats1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 23 EP - 31 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0006-2979, 0006-2979 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Benzene Derivatives KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - Isoenzymes KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds KW - Cyclooxygenase 2 KW - EC 1.14.99.1 KW - PTGS2 protein, human KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Dinoprostone KW - K7Q1JQR04M KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - cumene hydroperoxide KW - PG7JD54X4I KW - Index Medicus KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- toxicity KW - Animals KW - Sulfhydryl Compounds -- metabolism KW - Glutathione -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Keratinocytes -- drug effects KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Isoenzymes -- metabolism KW - Isoenzymes -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases -- metabolism KW - Dinoprostone -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Keratinocytes -- pathology KW - Keratinocytes -- metabolism KW - Inflammation -- metabolism KW - Mice, Inbred SENCAR KW - Female KW - Benzene Derivatives -- toxicity KW - Antioxidants -- metabolism KW - Skin Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Skin Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Skin Neoplasms -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80175682?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry.+Biokhimiia&rft.atitle=Pro%2Fantioxidant+status+in+murine+skin+following+topical+exposure+to+cumene+hydroperoxide+throughout+the+ontogeny+of+skin+cancer.&rft.au=Shvedova%2C+A+A%3BKisin%2C+E+R%3BMurray%2C+A%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BVallyathan%2C+V%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Shvedova&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=23&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry.+Biokhimiia&rft.issn=00062979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of nitric oxide in the progression of pneumoconiosis. AN - 80175236; 14972015 AB - Conflicting evidence has been reported as to whether nitric oxide (NO) possesses anti-inflammatory or inflammatory properties. Data are presented indicating that in vitro or in vivo exposure to selected occupational dusts, i.e., crystalline silica, organic dust contaminated with endotoxin, or asbestos, results in upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the production of NO by alveolar macrophages and pulmonary epithelial cells. Nitric oxide production is associated temporally and anatomically with pulmonary damage, inflammation, and disease progression in response to occupational dusts. Blockage of inducible nitric oxide synthase by administration of NOS inhibitors or in iNOS knockout mice decreases the magnitude of injury and inflammation following in vivo exposure to silica, endotoxin, or asbestos. Therefore, NO may play an important role in the initiation and progression of pneumoconiosis. JF - Biochemistry. Biokhimiia AU - Castranova, V AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. vic1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 32 EP - 37 VL - 69 IS - 1 SN - 0006-2979, 0006-2979 KW - Dust KW - 0 KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Disease Progression KW - Inflammation -- metabolism KW - Inflammation -- pathology KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Pneumoconiosis -- metabolism KW - Pneumoconiosis -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80175236?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemistry.+Biokhimiia&rft.atitle=Role+of+nitric+oxide+in+the+progression+of+pneumoconiosis.&rft.au=Castranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Castranova&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=32&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemistry.+Biokhimiia&rft.issn=00062979&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-11-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - PbCrO4 mediates cellular responses via reactive oxygen species. AN - 80171881; 14971658 AB - Exposure to certain particulate hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] compounds, such as lead chromate (PbCrO4), has been associated with lung cancer and respiratory tract toxicity. Previous studies indicate that the solubility of Cr(VI)-compounds is an important factor in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis. The present study investigates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by PbCrO4 particles and cellular responses using RAW 264.7 cells. A mixture containing PbCrO4 and RAW 264.7 cells generated hydroxyl radical ((.)OH), using cellularly generated H2O2 as a precursor, as measured by electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping in combination with H2O2 and (.)OH scavengers, catalase and sodium formate. The effect of ascorbic acid on (.)OH radicals was also measured using ESR. Confocal microscopy showed that particles could become either bound to the cell surface or engulfed over a 120 min time period. H2O2 generation and O2 consumption were also increased after treatment of the cells with PbCrO4. Both NF-kappaB and AP-1 were activated after exposure to PbCrO4 particles as measured by the NF-kappaB or AP-1 luciferase reporter plasmid assay. Our investigation thus demonstrated that the RAW 264.7 cells phagocytized the PbCrO4 particles leading to accumulation of the particles within vacuoles in the cytoplasm. These particles could induce chronic production of ROS and activation of NF-kappaB and AP-1. Such induction of transcription pathways may be involved in the inflammatory and carcinogenic responses induced by Cr(VI)-containing particles. JF - Molecular and cellular biochemistry AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Roberts, Jenny R AU - Antonini, James M AU - Castranova, Vince AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 171 EP - 179 VL - 255 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Chromates KW - 0 KW - NF-kappa B KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - lead chromate KW - AA3229AOUS KW - Hydrogen Peroxide KW - BBX060AN9V KW - Luciferases KW - EC 1.13.12.- KW - Oxygen KW - S88TT14065 KW - Index Medicus KW - Macrophages -- cytology KW - Animals KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- metabolism KW - Oxygen -- metabolism KW - Hydrogen Peroxide -- metabolism KW - Luciferases -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Recombinant Proteins -- genetics KW - Macrophages -- drug effects KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Artificial Gene Fusion KW - Luciferases -- genetics KW - Cell Line KW - Macrophages -- metabolism KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- analysis KW - Lead -- pharmacology KW - Chromates -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80171881?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=PbCrO4+mediates+cellular+responses+via+reactive+oxygen+species.&rft.au=Leonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BRoberts%2C+Jenny+R%3BAntonini%2C+James+M%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=255&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - NF-kappaB prevents cells from undergoing Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis. AN - 80170340; 14971654 AB - The transcription factor NF-kappaB has been reported to prevent cells from undergoing apoptosis as well as promote cell apoptosis. To investigate the role of NF-kappaB in Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis, two cell lines were developed from human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells: IKK cells, which were stably transfected with IkappaBalpha expression vector, that have normal NF-kappaB activity, and KM cells, which were stably transfected with mutated IkappaBalpha kinase expression vector, that exhibit very little NF-kappaB activity. With Cr(VI) stimulation, KM cells, but not IKK cells, exhibited substantial cell death. Cell morphological and TUNEL analyses indicated that the KM cells showed apoptotic features. These results suggest that NF-kappaB activation is required to prevent the cells from undergoing Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis. JF - Molecular and cellular biochemistry AU - Wang, Suwei AU - Chen, Fei AU - Zhang, Zhuo AU - Jiang, Bing-hua AU - Jia, Luo AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 129 EP - 137 VL - 255 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - I-kappa B Proteins KW - NF-kappa B KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - chromium hexavalent ion KW - 18540-29-9 KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - CHUK protein, human KW - EC 2.7.11.10 KW - I-kappa B Kinase KW - IKBKB protein, human KW - IKBKE protein, human KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Recombinant Proteins -- genetics KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- metabolism KW - Cell Line KW - Phosphorylation -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- pharmacology KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- metabolism KW - I-kappa B Proteins -- metabolism KW - Apoptosis -- physiology KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Chromium -- pharmacology KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- genetics KW - I-kappa B Proteins -- genetics KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80170340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=NF-kappaB+prevents+cells+from+undergoing+Cr%28VI%29-induced+apoptosis.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Suwei%3BChen%2C+Fei%3BZhang%2C+Zhuo%3BJiang%2C+Bing-hua%3BJia%2C+Luo%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Suwei&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=255&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=129&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Up-regulation of expression of translation factors--a novel molecular mechanism for cadmium carcinogenesis. AN - 80169395; 14971650 AB - The molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for cadmium carcinogenesis were investigated by differential gene expression analysis of Balb/c-3T3 cells morphologically transformed with cadmium chloride. Differential display analysis of gene expression revealed overexpression of mouse Translation Initiation Factor 3 (TIF3; GenBank Accession Number AF 271072) and Translation Elongation Factor-1delta (TEF-1delta; GenBank Accession Number AF 304351) in the transformed cells compared with the control cells. The full length cDNAs for TIF3 and TEF-1delta were cloned and sequenced. Transfection of mammalian cells with an expression vector containing either TIF3 or TEF-1delta cDNA resulted in overexpression of the encoded protein. Overexpression of the cDNA-encoded TIF3 and TEF-1delta proteins in NIH3T3 cells was oncogenic as evidenced by the appearance of transformed foci capable of anchorage-independent growth on soft agar and tumorigenesis in nude mouse. Blocking the translation of TIF3 and TEF-1delta proteins using the corresponding antisense mRNA resulted in a significant reversal of the oncogenic potential of cadmium transformed Balb/c-3T3 cells as evidenced from the suppression of anchorage-independent growth on soft agar and diminished tumorigenesis in nude mouse. These findings demonstrate that the up-regulation of expression of TIF3 and TEF-1delta is a novel molecular mechanism responsible, at least in part, for cadmium carcinogenesis. JF - Molecular and cellular biochemistry AU - Joseph, Pius AU - Lei, Yi-Xiong AU - Ong, Tong-man AD - Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. pcj5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 93 EP - 101 VL - 255 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - DNA, Complementary KW - 0 KW - Peptide Elongation Factor 1 KW - Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-3 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Index Medicus KW - Gene Expression Profiling KW - Animals KW - 3T3 Cells KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mice, Nude KW - Mice KW - Recombinant Proteins -- genetics KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Cadmium -- metabolism KW - Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-3 -- genetics KW - Peptide Elongation Factor 1 -- metabolism KW - Up-Regulation -- drug effects KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- chemically induced KW - Cadmium -- toxicity KW - Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-3 -- metabolism KW - Peptide Elongation Factor 1 -- genetics KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80169395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Up-regulation+of+expression+of+translation+factors--a+novel+molecular+mechanism+for+cadmium+carcinogenesis.&rft.au=Joseph%2C+Pius%3BLei%2C+Yi-Xiong%3BOng%2C+Tong-man&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Pius&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=255&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AF271072; GENBANK; AF304351 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metal-induced toxicity, carcinogenesis, mechanisms and cellular responses. AN - 80169375; 14971640 AB - A wide variety of metals have been reported to act as mutagenic and carcinogenic agents in both human and animal studies. The underlying mechanisms are being extensively investigated. Recently, a new sub-discipline of molecular carcinogenesis has surfaced and new techniques and instruments are being developed which allow exploration of the complex biological relationships and signaling pathways involved in response to metal exposure at the molecular level. The 2nd Conference on Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenesis was held at NIOSH in Morgantown, West Virginia, Sept. 8-11, 2002. One hundred thirty scientist from sixteen countries presented their novel findings and investigations of metal-induced carcinogenesis. The conference focused on state-of-the-art research and developments in metal toxicity and carcinogenesis. Emphasis was placed on delineating molecular mechanisms involved in free radical effects, cellular uptake, signaling pathways/interaction, dose response, biomarkers, and resistance mechanisms. This article reviews some of the novel information presented at the conference and discusses future avenues of research in this field. JF - Molecular and cellular biochemistry AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Bower, Jacquelyn J AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. sel5@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 3 EP - 10 VL - 255 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Free Radicals KW - Metals KW - Mutagens KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Transcription Factors KW - Index Medicus KW - Gene Expression -- drug effects KW - Transcription Factors -- physiology KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - DNA Repair KW - DNA Damage KW - Humans KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Free Radicals -- metabolism KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - Transcription Factors -- drug effects KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Metals -- metabolism KW - Metals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80169375?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Metal-induced+toxicity%2C+carcinogenesis%2C+mechanisms+and+cellular+responses.&rft.au=Leonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BBower%2C+Jacquelyn+J%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=255&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of reactive oxygen species and Cr(VI) in Ras-mediated signal transduction. AN - 80168362; 14971653 AB - Previous studies have shown that a constitutively active isoform of Ras is able to produce superoxide radical (O2(-)). The present study investigate the mechanisms by which O2(-) radical mediates signals from Ras protein to the nucleus, leading to cellular responses such as apoptosis in Cr(VI)-stimulated cells. Two human prostate tumor cell lines, Ras(+), which overexpresses Ras, and Ras(-), which has a normal Ras level, were utilized. Compared to Ras(-) cells, Ras(+) cells exhibited higher susceptibility to apoptosis induced by Cr(VI). Catalase, sodium formate, and deferoxamine inhibited Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis. Similar differences were observed in both cellular DNA damage and the activation of p53 protein. The differences in Cr(VI)-induced cell responses in Ras(+) and Ras(-) cells were due to differences in the generation of free radicals between these two cells. ESR spin trapping measurements showed that Ras(+) cells generated more hydroxyl radical ((.)OH), O2(-) radical, and Cr(V) than Ras(-) cells following Cr(VI) stimulation. The generation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be abolished by the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or if the experiment were carried out in an argon atmosphere. Catalase inhibited spin adduct signals but was much less potent than SOD. The mechanism of ROS generation in Cr(VI)-stimulated Ras(+) cells involves the reduction of molecular oxygen to O2(-) radical by a flavoenzyme-containing NADPH oxidase complex as shown by oxygen consumption and diphenylene iodonium (DPI) inhibition. Results shown above support the following conclusions: (a) Ras protein mediates O2(-) radical generation through reduction of molecular oxygen by NADPH oxidase in Cr(VI)-stimulated cells. (b) The O2(-) radical and Cr(VI) produce other reactive species, including H2O2, OH radical, and Cr(V) through O2(-) dismutation and Haber-Weiss type of reactions. (c) Among these reactive species, (.)OH radical is responsible for the further transduction of signals from Ras to the nucleus, leading to various cell responses. JF - Molecular and cellular biochemistry AU - Wang, Suwei AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Ye, Jianping AU - Gao, Ning AU - Wang, Liying AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 119 EP - 127 VL - 255 IS - 1-2 SN - 0300-8177, 0300-8177 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - chromium hexavalent ion KW - 18540-29-9 KW - NADPH Oxidase KW - EC 1.6.3.1 KW - ras Proteins KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - NADPH Oxidase -- metabolism KW - Genes, ras -- genetics KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Recombinant Proteins -- genetics KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- metabolism KW - Male KW - DNA Damage -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- pharmacology KW - ras Proteins -- genetics KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Chromium -- pharmacology KW - ras Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80168362?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Role+of+reactive+oxygen+species+and+Cr%28VI%29+in+Ras-mediated+signal+transduction.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Suwei%3BLeonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BYe%2C+Jianping%3BGao%2C+Ning%3BWang%2C+Liying%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Suwei&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=255&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-14 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DHHS issues adult guideline revisions. AN - 80151678; 14989190 JF - The Hopkins HIV report : a bimonthly newsletter for healthcare providers AU - Bartlett, John G AU - Department of Health and Human Services AD - Department of Health and Human Services Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 1 EP - 1, 5 VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 1551-8396, 1551-8396 KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors KW - AIDS/HIV KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors -- administration & dosage KW - HIV Infections -- drug therapy KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors -- therapeutic use KW - HIV Protease Inhibitors -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80151678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hopkins+HIV+report+%3A+a+bimonthly+newsletter+for+healthcare+providers&rft.atitle=DHHS+issues+adult+guideline+revisions.&rft.au=Bartlett%2C+John+G%3BDepartment+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aulast=Bartlett&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Hopkins+HIV+report+%3A+a+bimonthly+newsletter+for+healthcare+providers&rft.issn=15518396&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-01 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting toxic equivalence factors from 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra for dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls using linear and nonlinear pattern recognition methods. AN - 80150033; 14768863 AB - Two quantitative spectrometric data-activity relationships (QSDAR) models have been developed relating 29 dioxin or dioxin-like molecules to their toxic equivalence factors (TEFs). These models were based on patterns in simulated 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data with the patterns defined by comparative spectral analysis (CoSA). Two versions of CoSA multiple linear regression (MLR) models using 7 or 10 spectral bins had, respectively, explained variances (r2) of 0.88 and 0.95, and leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validated variances (q2) of 0.78 and 0.88. A third, artificial neural network model--using a feed forward, back propagating, three-layer neural network--produced an r2 of 0.99, a LOO q2 of 0.82, and a leave-three-out q2 of 0.81. A postulated reason that the results of these QSDAR models are better than traditional quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models is based on the difference in descriptors rather than on any differences in pattern recognition approach. Results suggest that the 13C NMR spectral data contain molecular quantum mechanical information more reflective of each molecule's biochemical properties than do the calculated electrostatic potentials and molecular alignment assumptions used in developing QSAR models. The QSDAR models provide a rapid, simple way to model the toxicity of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds. JF - Environmental toxicology and chemistry AU - Buzatu, Dan A AU - Beger, Richard D AU - Wilkes, Jon G AU - Lay, Jackson O AD - Division of Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. dbuzatu@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 24 EP - 31 VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Carbon Isotopes KW - 0 KW - Dioxins KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Furans KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls KW - DFC2HB4I0K KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Forecasting KW - Pattern Recognition, Automated KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Polychlorinated Biphenyls -- toxicity KW - Linear Models KW - Furans -- toxicity KW - Dioxins -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80150033?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+toxicology+and+chemistry&rft.atitle=Predicting+toxic+equivalence+factors+from+13C+nuclear+magnetic+resonance+spectra+for+dioxins%2C+furans%2C+and+polychlorinated+biphenyls+using+linear+and+nonlinear+pattern+recognition+methods.&rft.au=Buzatu%2C+Dan+A%3BBeger%2C+Richard+D%3BWilkes%2C+Jon+G%3BLay%2C+Jackson+O&rft.aulast=Buzatu&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=24&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+toxicology+and+chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychiatric comorbidity and not completing jail-based substance abuse treatment. AN - 80142770; 14766441 AB - Many jail inmates have a history of mental illness, substance use, and drug-related crime. This article assesses the effect of psychiatric comorbidity on retention in jail-based substance abuse treatment. Secondary data from five jail-based substance abuse treatment programs were studied using descriptive and multivariate analyses. Controlling for age, sex, race, education, and program, the odds of an offender with a history of mental illness being terminated from treatment were nearly three times that of those with no such history. The data suggest that psychiatric comorbidity may be an important correlate of retention in jail-based substance abuse treatment. JF - The American journal on addictions AU - Brady, Thomas M AU - Krebs, Christopher P AU - Laird, Glen AD - The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration/NIMH/NIH, Office of Applied Studies, 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 16-105, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. tbrady@samhsa.gov PY - 2004 SP - 83 EP - 101 VL - 13 IS - 1 SN - 1055-0496, 1055-0496 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Male KW - Female KW - Comorbidity KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- therapy KW - Patient Compliance KW - Mental Disorders KW - Prisoners -- psychology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80142770?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+on+addictions&rft.atitle=Psychiatric+comorbidity+and+not+completing+jail-based+substance+abuse+treatment.&rft.au=Brady%2C+Thomas+M%3BKrebs%2C+Christopher+P%3BLaird%2C+Glen&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+on+addictions&rft.issn=10550496&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA drug approval summaries: oxaliplatin. AN - 80141554; 14755010 AB - The purpose of this report is to summarize information on oxaliplatin, a drug recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Information provided includes regulatory history, study design, efficacy and safety results, and pertinent literature references. A single, multicenter, randomized trial, enrolling 463 patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma whose disease had recurred or progressed during or within 6 months of completion of therapy with the combination of bolus 5-fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) and irinotecan, was submitted. Study arms included infusional 5-FU/LV alone (arm A), oxaliplatin alone (arm B), and the combination of oxaliplatin and infusional 5-FU/LV(arm C). Oxaliplatin, at a dose of 85 mg/m2, was administered to patients in arms B and C intravenously over 2 hours in 250-500 ml of dextrose 5% in water (D5W) on day 1 only. A 200-mg/m2 dose of LV was administered simultaneously to arm C patients, in a separate bag using a Y-line, or alone to arm A patients, by i.v. infusion, over 2 hours. 5-FU was then administered to arms A and C patients, first as a bolus injection over 2-4 minutes at a dose of 400 mg/m2, then as a continuous infusion in 500 ml of D5W over 22 hours at a dose of 600 mg/m2. LV was repeated on day 2 of the cycle (arms A and C) followed by a 400-mg/m2 5-FU bolus and a 600-mg/m2 22-hour infusion. Treatment was repeated every 2 weeks. Response rate was the prespecified end point for accelerated approval. Time to progression (TTP) was a secondary end point. The prespecified primary comparison was between the 5-FU/LV regimen and the 5-FU/LV/ oxaliplatin combination regimen. The three arms were well balanced for patient prognostic factors. There were no complete responders. The partial response rates were 0%, 1%, and 9% for the 5-FU/LV, oxaliplatin, and oxaliplatin plus 5-FU/LV treatments, respectively (p = 0.0002, arm C versus arm A). The median times to radiographic tumor progression, based on available radiographs, were 2.7 months, 1.6 months, and 4.6 months, respectively (p or =65 years of age, but older patients may have been more susceptible to dehydration, diarrhea, hypokalemia, and fatigue. Oxaliplatin in combination with infusional 5-FU/LV was approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic carcinoma of the colon or rectum whose disease has recurred or progressed during or within 6 months of completion of first-line therapy with the combination of bolus 5-FU/LV and irinotecan. Approval was based on response rate and on an interim analysis of TTP. No results are available, at this time, that demonstrate a clinical benefit, such as improvement in disease-related symptoms or survival. JF - The oncologist AU - Ibrahim, Amna AU - Hirschfeld, Steven AU - Cohen, Martin H AU - Griebel, Donna J AU - Williams, Grant A AU - Pazdur, Richard AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. IbrahimA@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 8 EP - 12 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1083-7159, 1083-7159 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Organoplatinum Compounds KW - oxaliplatin KW - 04ZR38536J KW - irinotecan KW - 0H43101T0J KW - Leucovorin KW - Q573I9DVLP KW - Fluorouracil KW - U3P01618RT KW - Camptothecin KW - XT3Z54Z28A KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Fluorouracil -- therapeutic use KW - Fluorouracil -- administration & dosage KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Infusions, Intravenous KW - Random Allocation KW - Leucovorin -- administration & dosage KW - Humans KW - Disease Progression KW - Neoplasm Metastasis -- pathology KW - Recurrence KW - Leucovorin -- therapeutic use KW - Organoplatinum Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Organoplatinum Compounds -- administration & dosage KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Drug Approval KW - Organoplatinum Compounds -- therapeutic use KW - Camptothecin -- analogs & derivatives KW - Camptothecin -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Camptothecin -- administration & dosage KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80141554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+oncologist&rft.atitle=FDA+drug+approval+summaries%3A+oxaliplatin.&rft.au=Ibrahim%2C+Amna%3BHirschfeld%2C+Steven%3BCohen%2C+Martin+H%3BGriebel%2C+Donna+J%3BWilliams%2C+Grant+A%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Ibrahim&rft.aufirst=Amna&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=8&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+oncologist&rft.issn=10837159&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drug interactions with herbal products and grapefruit juice: a conference report. AN - 80131681; 14749688 JF - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Huang, Shiew-Mei AU - Hall, Stephen D AU - Watkins, Paul AU - Love, Lori A AU - Serabjit-Singh, Cosette AU - Betz, Joseph M AU - Hoffman, Freddie Ann AU - Honig, Peter AU - Coates, Paul M AU - Bull, Jonca AU - Chen, Shaw T AU - Kearns, Gregory L AU - Murray, Michael D AU - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research and Office of Regulatory Affairs, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research and Office of Regulatory Affairs, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. ; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research and Office of Regulatory Affairs, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 75 IS - 1 SN - 0009-9236, 0009-9236 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Herb-Drug Interactions KW - Phytotherapy KW - Beverages -- adverse effects KW - Food-Drug Interactions KW - Plants, Medicinal -- adverse effects KW - Citrus paradisi -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80131681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Drug+interactions+with+herbal+products+and+grapefruit+juice%3A+a+conference+report.&rft.au=Huang%2C+Shiew-Mei%3BHall%2C+Stephen+D%3BWatkins%2C+Paul%3BLove%2C+Lori+A%3BSerabjit-Singh%2C+Cosette%3BBetz%2C+Joseph+M%3BHoffman%2C+Freddie+Ann%3BHonig%2C+Peter%3BCoates%2C+Paul+M%3BBull%2C+Jonca%3BChen%2C+Shaw+T%3BKearns%2C+Gregory+L%3BMurray%2C+Michael+D%3BCenter+for+Drug+Evaluation+and+Research+and+Office+of+Regulatory+Affairs%2C+Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+Rockville%2C+MD%2C+USA&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=Shiew-Mei&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=00099236&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 May;77(5):453-4 [15900292] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Randomized trial of buprenorphine for treatment of concurrent opiate and cocaine dependence. AN - 80130486; 14749690 AB - Buprenorphine is a partial mu-opiate agonist and kappa-opiate antagonist with established efficacy in the treatment of opiate dependence. Its efficacy for cocaine dependence is uncertain. This study evaluated buprenorphine for the treatment of concomitant cocaine and opiate dependence. Two hundred outpatients currently dependent on both cocaine and opiates were randomly assigned to double-blind groups receiving a sublingual solution of buprenorphine (2, 8, or 16 mg daily, or 16 mg on alternate days, or placebo), plus weekly individual drug abuse counseling, for 13 weeks. The chief outcome measures were urine concentrations of opiate and cocaine metabolites (quantitative) and proportion of urine samples positive for opiates or cocaine (qualitative). Group differences were assessed by use of mixed regression modeling. The target dose of buprenorphine was achieved in 179 subjects. Subjects receiving 8 or 16 mg buprenorphine daily showed statistically significant decreases in urine morphine levels (P =.0135 for 8 mg and P <.001 for 16 mg) or benzoylecgonine concentrations (P =.0277 for 8 mg and P =.006 for 16 mg) during the maintenance phase of the study. For the 16-mg group, mean benzoylecgonine concentrations fell from 3715 ng/mL during baseline to 186 ng/mL during the withdrawal phase; mean morphine concentrations fell from 3311 ng/mL during baseline to 263 ng/mL during withdrawal. For the 8-mg group, mean benzoylecgonine concentrations fell from 6761 ng/mL during baseline to 676 ng/mL during withdrawal; mean morphine concentrations fell from 3890 ng/mL during baseline to 661 ng/mL during withdrawal. Qualitative urinalysis showed a similar pattern of results. Subjects receiving the highest dose showed concomitant decreases in both urine morphine and benzoylecgonine concentrations. There were no significant group differences in treatment retention or adverse events. A sublingual buprenorphine solution at 16 mg daily is well tolerated and effective in reducing concomitant opiate and cocaine use. The therapeutic effect on cocaine use appears independent of that on opiate use. JF - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Montoya, Ivan D AU - Gorelick, David A AU - Preston, Kenzie L AU - Schroeder, Jennifer R AU - Umbricht, Annie AU - Cheskin, Lawrence J AU - Lange, W Robert AU - Contoreggi, Carlo AU - Johnson, Rolley E AU - Fudala, Paul J AD - Division of Treatment Research and Development and Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 34 EP - 48 VL - 75 IS - 1 SN - 0009-9236, 0009-9236 KW - Narcotic Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Buprenorphine KW - 40D3SCR4GZ KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Patient Compliance KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Administration, Sublingual KW - Male KW - Female KW - Narcotic Antagonists -- administration & dosage KW - Buprenorphine -- therapeutic use KW - Narcotic Antagonists -- therapeutic use KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- drug therapy KW - Buprenorphine -- administration & dosage KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- urine KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- drug therapy KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- complications KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80130486?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Randomized+trial+of+buprenorphine+for+treatment+of+concurrent+opiate+and+cocaine+dependence.&rft.au=Montoya%2C+Ivan+D%3BGorelick%2C+David+A%3BPreston%2C+Kenzie+L%3BSchroeder%2C+Jennifer+R%3BUmbricht%2C+Annie%3BCheskin%2C+Lawrence+J%3BLange%2C+W+Robert%3BContoreggi%2C+Carlo%3BJohnson%2C+Rolley+E%3BFudala%2C+Paul+J&rft.aulast=Montoya&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=00099236&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2001 Mar 1;62(1):97-104 [11173173] J Biopharm Stat. 2001 Feb-May;11(1-2):9-21 [11459446] Int J Epidemiol. 2001 Dec;30(6):1332-41 [11821342] Addiction. 2003 Jan;98(1):7-22 [12492751] Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999 Sep;56(9):812-20 [12884887] Br J Addict Alcohol Other Drugs. 1971 Nov;66(3):195-204 [5289286] Int J Addict. 1973;8(1):49-57 [4713704] Br J Soc Clin Psychol. 1977 Nov;16(4):347-56 [588890] J Nerv Ment Dis. 1980 Jan;168(1):26-33 [7351540] Psychol Med. 1982 Nov;12(4):855-70 [7156256] Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1985;11(3-4):171-91 [4091157] Life Sci. 1989;44(13):887-92 [2927249] Science. 1989 Aug 25;245(4920):859-62 [2772637] Biol Psychiatry. 1989 Oct;26(6):637-9 [2790101] Int J Addict. 1990-1991;25(11A):1295-315 [2132715] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992 Mar;260(3):1185-93 [1545386] JAMA. 1992 May 27;267(20):2750-5 [1578593] Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000 Jul 1;60(1):51-4 [10821989] Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000 Jun 1;59(3):223-33 [10812283] Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000 Feb 1;58(1-2):143-52 [10669065] JAMA. 2001 Jan 3;285(1):45 [11150107] Mt Sinai J Med. 2001 Jan;68(1):62-74 [11135508] N Engl J Med. 2000 Nov 2;343(18):1290-7 [11058673] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1992;106(4):439-46 [1579619] J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Jun;39(6):619-23 [10354966] Am J Med. 1998 Aug;105(2):100-5 [9727815] Drug Alcohol Depend. 1999 Aug 2;56(1):55-60 [10462093] Drug Alcohol Depend. 1999 Jun 1;55(1-2):157-63 [10402160] Neuropsychopharmacology. 1992 Sep;7(2):157-62 [1329800] J Nerv Ment Dis. 1993 Jun;181(6):358-64 [8501457] Biol Psychiatry. 1993 Jul 1-15;34(1-2):66-74 [8373940] J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993 Aug;13(4):243-50 [8376611] Am J Psychiatry. 1993 Nov;150(11):1755 [8214197] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1995 Feb;272(2):505-10 [7853163] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 Dec;116(4):401-6 [7701040] Biol Psychiatry. 1995 Jul 15;38(2):135-6 [7578651] Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1996 Jul;60(1):105-14 [8689806] Drug Alcohol Depend. 1995 Nov;40(1):27-35 [8746921] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996 Sep;278(3):1153-64 [8819498] Biol Psychiatry. 1996 Oct 1;40(7):617-28 [8886295] J Consult Clin Psychol. 1997 Apr;65(2):252-61 [9086688] Drug Alcohol Depend. 1997 Apr 14;45(1-2):81-91 [9179510] Addiction. 1997 Mar;92(3):297-302 [9219391] Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997 Aug;54(8):713-20 [9283506] Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1998 Apr;136(3):217-25 [9566806] J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 May;285(2):444-56 [9580582] Addiction. 1998 Apr;93(4):475-86 [9684386] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urinary mutagenesis and fried red meat intake: influence of cooking temperature, phenotype, and genotype of metabolizing enzymes in a controlled feeding study. AN - 80112175; 14743346 AB - Meat cooked at high temperatures contains potential carcinogenic compounds, such as heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Samples from a 2-week controlled feeding study were used to examine the relationship between the intake of mutagenicity from meat fried at different temperatures and the levels of mutagenicity subsequently detected in urine, as well as the influence of the genotype of drug metabolizing enzymes on urinary mutagenicity. Sixty subjects consumed ground beef patties fried at low temperature (100 degrees C) for 1 week, followed by ground beef patties fried at high temperature (250 degrees C) the second week. Mutagenicity in the meat was assayed in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 (+S9), and urinary mutagenicity was determined using Salmonella YG1024 (+S9). Genotypes for NAT1, NAT2, GSTM1, and UGT1A1 were analyzed using blood samples from the subjects. Meat fried at 100 degrees C was not mutagenic, whereas meat fried at 250 degrees C was mutagenic (1023 rev/g). Unhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed urine samples were 22x and 131x more mutagenic, respectively, when subjects consumed red meat fried at 250 degrees C compared with red meat fried at 100 degrees C. We found that hydrolyzed urine was approximately 8x more mutagenic than unhydrolyzed urine, likely due to the deconjugation of mutagens from glucuronide. The intake of meat cooked at high temperature correlated with the mutagenicity of unhydrolyzed urine (r = 0.32, P = 0.01) and hydrolyzed urine (r = 0.34, P = 0.008). Mutagenicity in unhydrolyzed urine was not influenced by NAT1, NAT2, or GSTM1 genotypes. However, a UGT1A1*28 polymorphism that reduced UGT1A1 expression and conjugation modified the effect of intake of meat cooked at high temperature on mutagenicity of unhydrolyzed urine (P for interaction = 0.04). These mutagenicity data were also compared with previously determined levels of HCAs (measured as MeIQx, DiMeIQx, and PhIP) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the meat, levels of HCAs in the urine, and CYP1A2 and NAT2 phenotypes. The levels of mutagenicity in the meat fried at low and high temperatures correlated with levels of HCAs, but not levels of PAHs, in the meat. Also, levels of mutagenicity in unhydrolyzed urine correlated with levels of MeIQx in unhydrolyzed urine (r = 0.36; P = 0.01), and the levels of mutagenicity of hydrolyzed urine correlated with levels of MeIQx (r = 0.34; P = 0.01) and PhIP (r = 0.43; P = 0.001) of hydrolyzed urine. Mutagenicity in unhydrolyzed urine was not influenced by either the CYP1A2 or NAT2 phenotype. The data from this study indicate that urinary mutagenicity correlates with mutagenic exposure from cooked meat and can potentially be used as a marker in etiological studies on cancer. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Peters, Ulrike AU - Sinha, Rashmi AU - Bell, Douglas A AU - Rothman, Nathaniel AU - Grant, Delores J AU - Watson, Mary A AU - Kulldorff, Martin AU - Brooks, Lance R AU - Warren, Sarah H AU - DeMarini, David M AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20892-7273, USA. petersu@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 53 EP - 74 VL - 43 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Enzymes KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase KW - EC 2.3.1.5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase -- blood KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Phenotype KW - Genotype KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Cattle KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 -- genetics KW - Cooking KW - Mutagens -- isolation & purification KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 -- blood KW - Male KW - Female KW - Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase -- genetics KW - Meat KW - Hot Temperature KW - Enzymes -- blood KW - Enzymes -- metabolism KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Urine -- chemistry KW - Enzymes -- genetics KW - Mutagenesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80112175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Urinary+mutagenesis+and+fried+red+meat+intake%3A+influence+of+cooking+temperature%2C+phenotype%2C+and+genotype+of+metabolizing+enzymes+in+a+controlled+feeding+study.&rft.au=Peters%2C+Ulrike%3BSinha%2C+Rashmi%3BBell%2C+Douglas+A%3BRothman%2C+Nathaniel%3BGrant%2C+Delores+J%3BWatson%2C+Mary+A%3BKulldorff%2C+Martin%3BBrooks%2C+Lance+R%3BWarren%2C+Sarah+H%3BDeMarini%2C+David+M&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Ulrike&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-22 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a polymerase chain reaction-based method to identify species-specific components in dog food. AN - 80100630; 14719710 AB - To determine whether there is a relationship between species-specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), especially canine and feline mtDNA, and detectable amounts of pentobarbital in previously analyzed dog food samples. 31 dog food samples previously analyzed for pentobarbital (limit of detection, 1 microg/kg). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was performed on dog food samples by use of PCR primers specific for either canine, feline, equine, bovine, porcine, ovine, or poultry mtDNA. PCR amplicons specific for feline or canine mtDNA at a 0.007% (70 microg/g [wt/wt basis]) or 0.0007% (7 microg/g) level, respectively, were not found in the 31 dog food samples. Most of the 31 dog food samples had a PCR amplicon on PCR analysis when a PCR primer set capable of simultaneously detecting mtDNA of cows, pigs, sheep, goats, deer, elk, and horses was used. Results of PCR analysis by use of primers specific for bovine, swine, sheep and goat, or horse mtDNA revealed amplicons specific for bovine or swine mtDNA only in 27 of the 31 samples. Analysis of the remaining 4 samples failed to yield amplicons for any mammalian mtDNA. Pentobarbital was detected in 2 of these 4 samples. Results of PCR analysis correlated with the stated ingredient list for most, but not all samples. Because canine and feline mtDNA were not found in a set of retail dog food samples, these results indicate that the source of pentobarbital in dog food is something other than proteins from rendered pet remains. JF - American journal of veterinary research AU - Myers, Michael J AU - Farrell, Dorothy E AU - Heller, David N AU - Yancy, Haile F AD - Division of Animal Research, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 99 EP - 103 VL - 65 IS - 1 SN - 0002-9645, 0002-9645 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Mitochondrial KW - Pentobarbital KW - I4744080IR KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Species Specificity KW - DNA, Mitochondrial -- genetics KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- veterinary KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - Pentobarbital -- analysis KW - Mammals -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80100630?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+polymerase+chain+reaction-based+method+to+identify+species-specific+components+in+dog+food.&rft.au=Myers%2C+Michael+J%3BFarrell%2C+Dorothy+E%3BHeller%2C+David+N%3BYancy%2C+Haile+F&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=99&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+veterinary+research&rft.issn=00029645&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of the standardized chipping hammer test specified in ISO 8662-2. AN - 80097710; 14718344 AB - Prolonged exposure to severe chipping hammer vibration may cause hand-arm vibration syndrome. A reliable test method is required to select appropriate tools and assist in the development of better chipping hammers. In the present study, the ISO standardized test method (ISO 8662-2, 1992) was examined through an investigation of the vibration characteristics of chipping hammers operating on the energy absorber specified in the standard. The energy absorber and test setup were designed and constructed based on those specified in the standard. The experiment employed six subjects and used two pneumatic chipping hammers and three different feed forces (50, 100 and 200 N). The subject posture was the same as that specified in the standard. The vibration emission at the tool dominant frequency (or air blow rate) generally declined with an increase in feed force, thus decreasing the frequency-weighted accelerations. The increase in feed force, however, resulted in an increase in the unweighted vibration emission at high frequencies. The chipping hammer vibration emission operating on the energy absorber at the high feed force (200 N) was inconsistent. The measurement method has a good repeatability except at a high feed force. The feed force has a significant effect on the vibration emission. The single feed force specified in the standard may not be sufficient to test the tool behaviors. Multiple levels of feed force should be used for the chipping hammer test. Doing so may provide a more appropriate basis for tool screening. JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - Dong, R G AU - McDowell, T W AU - Welcome, D E AU - Warren, C AU - Schopper, A W AD - Engineering & Control Technology Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. rkd6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 39 EP - 49 VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Index Medicus KW - Analysis of Variance KW - Syndrome KW - Humans KW - Equipment Design -- standards KW - Construction Materials KW - Arm -- physiology KW - Hand -- physiology KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Vibration -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80097710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+the+standardized+chipping+hammer+test+specified+in+ISO+8662-2.&rft.au=Dong%2C+R+G%3BMcDowell%2C+T+W%3BWelcome%2C+D+E%3BWarren%2C+C%3BSchopper%2C+A+W&rft.aulast=Dong&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-06 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal inactivation of Enterobacter sakazakii in rehydrated infant formula. AN - 80094126; 14717352 AB - The presence of low levels of Enterobacter sakazakii in dried infant formula have been linked to outbreaks of meningitis, septicemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates, particularly those who are premature or immunocompromised. In the current study, the ability of 12 strains of E. sakazakii to survive heating in rehydrated infant formula was determined at 58 degrees C with a submerged coil apparatus. The observed D58-values ranged from 30.5 to 591.9 s, with the strains appearing to fall into two distinct heat resistance phenotypes. The z-value of the most heat-resistant strain was 5.6 degrees C. When dried infant formula containing this strain was rehydrated with water preequilibrated to various temperatures, a more than 4-log reduction in E. sakazakii levels was achieved by preparing the formula with water at 70 degrees C or greater. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Edelson-Mammel, Sharon G AU - Buchanan, Robert L AD - Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA. Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 60 EP - 63 VL - 67 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Infant Formula KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Hot Temperature KW - Food Microbiology KW - Cronobacter sakazakii -- growth & development KW - Infant Food -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80094126?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Physical+Therapy+Products+%28Online%29&rft.atitle=Yoga+Can+be+Feasible+and+Helpful+for+Children+Undergoing+Cancer+Treatment&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2017-01-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physical+Therapy+Products+%28Online%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of on-board and dockside handling on the formation of biogenic amines in mahimahi (Coryphaena hippurus), skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis), and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). AN - 80091151; 14717363 AB - Consumer illnesses by scombroid poisonings have been a continuing problem for many years. The intoxications follow the ingestion of fish such as tuna and mahimahi that have undergone bacterial decomposition, leading to the formation of biogenic amines. Research studies have concluded that histamine is one of the indicators of scombrotoxic fish and that other amines, such as cadaverine, could be involved in the illnesses. Guidance for the handling of fish on board fishing vessels to prevent the production of scombrotoxic fish has been limited by a lack of data addressing changes that occur in fish from the water to delivery at dockside. In this study, the changes in selected biogenic amines were determined in mahimahi and tuna, which were captured and held in seawater at 25 to 35 degrees C for incubation times up to 18 h. The fillets from the treated fish were sectioned by transverse cuts and analyzed for histamine, cadaverine, and putrescine. Results showed that at 26 degrees C, more than 12 h of incubation were required before a histamine concentration of 50 ppm was reached in mahimahi. At 35 degrees C, 50 ppm histamine formed within 9 h. Similar results were found for skipjack and yellowfin tuna. Histamine concentrations exceeded 500 ppm within an additional 3 h of incubation in mahimahi. At both temperatures, an increase in the concentration of cadaverine preceded an increase in histamine levels. Changes in putrescine concentrations in the fish were less pronounced. The study also demonstrated that histidine decarboxylase activity was retained in some frozen samples of fish and could result in further increases in histamine on thawing. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Staruszkiewicz, Walter F AU - Barnett, James D AU - Rogers, Patricia L AU - Benner, Ronald A AU - Wong, Lynn L AU - Cook, John AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Washington Seafood Laboratory, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. wstarusz@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 134 EP - 141 VL - 67 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Biogenic Amines KW - 0 KW - Histamine KW - 820484N8I3 KW - Cadaverine KW - L90BEN6OLL KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Cadaverine -- biosynthesis KW - Cadaverine -- analysis KW - Temperature KW - Histamine -- biosynthesis KW - Time Factors KW - Histamine -- analysis KW - Tuna -- microbiology KW - Biogenic Amines -- biosynthesis KW - Food Handling -- methods KW - Food Preservation -- methods KW - Biogenic Amines -- analysis KW - Perciformes -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80091151?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Effects+of+on-board+and+dockside+handling+on+the+formation+of+biogenic+amines+in+mahimahi+%28Coryphaena+hippurus%29%2C+skipjack+tuna+%28Katsuwonus+pelamis%29%2C+and+yellowfin+tuna+%28Thunnus+albacares%29.&rft.au=Staruszkiewicz%2C+Walter+F%3BBarnett%2C+James+D%3BRogers%2C+Patricia+L%3BBenner%2C+Ronald+A%3BWong%2C+Lynn+L%3BCook%2C+John&rft.aulast=Staruszkiewicz&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=134&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of benzo[a]pyrene by Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1. AN - 80085145; 14711661 AB - Metabolism of the environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene in the bacterium Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 was examined. This organism initially oxidized benzo[a]pyrene with dioxygenases and monooxygenases at C-4,5, C-9,10, and C-11,12. The metabolites were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and characterized by UV-visible, mass, nuclear magnetic resonance, and circular dichroism spectral analyses. The major intermediates of benzo[a]pyrene metabolism that had accumulated in the culture media after 96 h of incubation were cis-4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (benzo[a]pyrene cis-4,5-dihydrodiol), cis-11,12-dihydro-11,12-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (benzo[a]pyrene cis-11,12-dihydrodiol), trans-11,12-dihydro-11,12-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (benzo[a]pyrene trans-11,12-dihydrodiol), 10-oxabenzo[def]chrysen-9-one, and hydroxymethoxy and dimethoxy derivatives of benzo[a]pyrene. The ortho-ring fission products 4-formylchrysene-5-carboxylic acid and 4,5-chrysene-dicarboxylic acid and a monocarboxylated chrysene product were formed when replacement culture experiments were conducted with benzo[a]pyrene cis-4,5-dihydrodiol. Chiral stationary-phase HPLC analysis of the dihydrodiols indicated that benzo[a]pyrene cis-4,5-dihydrodiol had 30% 4S,5R and 70% 4R,5S absolute stereochemistry. Benzo[a]pyrene cis-11,12-dihydrodiol adopted an 11S,12R conformation with 100% optical purity. The enantiomeric composition of benzo[a]pyrene trans-11,12-dihydrodiol was an equal mixture of 11S,12S and 11R,12R molecules. The results of this study, in conjunction with those of previously reported studies, extend the pathways proposed for the bacterial metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene. Our study also provides evidence of the stereo- and regioselectivity of the oxygenases that catalyze the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in M. vanbaalenii PYR-1. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - Moody, Joanna D AU - Freeman, James P AU - Fu, Peter P AU - Cerniglia, Carl E AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 340 EP - 345 VL - 70 IS - 1 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Benzopyrenes KW - 0 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Circular Dichroism KW - Biodegradation, Environmental KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Environmental Pollutants -- metabolism KW - Mycobacterium -- growth & development KW - Mycobacterium -- metabolism KW - Benzopyrenes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80085145?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+by+Mycobacterium+vanbaalenii+PYR-1.&rft.au=Moody%2C+Joanna+D%3BFreeman%2C+James+P%3BFu%2C+Peter+P%3BCerniglia%2C+Carl+E&rft.aulast=Moody&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=340&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Oct;54(10):2549-55 [3202633] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Jun;54(6):1612-4 [3415226] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1989 Aug;55(8):1968-73 [2782874] Biodegradation. 1990;1(4):283-90 [1368473] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996 Jan;62(1):13-9 [8572690] Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1996 Oct;46(3):307-12 [8933844] Chemosphere. 1998 Jun;36(14):2977-92 [9734274] J Bacteriol. 2000 Apr;182(8):2059-67 [10735846] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Apr;67(4):1476-83 [11282593] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Aug;67(8):3577-85 [11472934] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001 Dec;67(12):5497-505 [11722898] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2003 Jun 27;223(2):177-83 [12829283] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Jul;69(7):3924-31 [12839762] Science. 1975 Jul 25;189(4199):295-7 [1145203] Sci Am. 1976 Mar;234(3):35-45 [1251182] Cancer Lett. 1978 Oct;5(4):191-7 [688201] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1980 Mar;64(3):617-23 [6766516] Chem Biol Interact. 1984 Apr;49(1-2):71-88 [6722941] Biochem J. 1984 Nov 1;223(3):775-82 [6439187] J Chromatogr. 1984 Dec 21;316:569-84 [6549394] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1985 Jul 16;130(1):71-5 [4026845] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986 Dec 15;141(2):734-40 [3801024] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Apr 29;152(2):540-4 [3365239] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1988 Oct;54(10):2556-65 [3202634] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational injury mortality surveillance in the United States: an examination of census counts from two different surveillance systems, 1992-1997. AN - 80068880; 14691964 AB - The surveillance of occupational injury mortality in the United States has evolved over the last century. Currently there are two different data sources used for the study of occupational injury mortality. Each system varies in methodology, leading to different census counts. We provide an overview and analysis of similarities and differences in these two systems. The National Traumatic Occupational Fatalities (NTOF) surveillance system and the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) were examined for civilian deaths at work in the United States from 1992 to 1997. There were 31,643 occupational injury mortality cases according to NTOF and 37,023 from CFOI for civilian workers 16-years and older in the United States for the 6-year period of analysis. The annual average occupational injury mortality rates were 4.5 per 100,000 full time equivalent workers from NTOF and 5.2 from CFOI. The higher capture rate by CFOI was consistent across each of the 6 years. Similar patterns for demographics, industry, and occupation, and type of incident were seen for both systems. While NTOF provides more years of data dating back to 1980, CFOI (established in 1992) provides a more comprehensive capture of occupational injury mortality and provides greater detail of the mortality incidents. The overall injury mortality patterns, however, appear to be similar between the systems. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Layne, Larry A AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. LLayne@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 1 EP - 13 VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mortality KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Incidence KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Wounds and Injuries -- classification KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Accidents, Occupational -- classification KW - Censuses KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality KW - Wounds and Injuries -- mortality KW - Population Surveillance -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80068880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Occupational+injury+mortality+surveillance+in+the+United+States%3A+an+examination+of+census+counts+from+two+different+surveillance+systems%2C+1992-1997.&rft.au=Layne%2C+Larry+A&rft.aulast=Layne&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Basal gene expression in cultured primary rat hepatocytes and freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. AN - 734202752; 20021105 AB - Cultured primary hepatocytes are one of the most suitable in vitro models for hepatic toxicological studies. Unfortunately, there is a temporal loss of liver-specific function in culture that limits their utility for some applications. Plating hepatocytes on a substratum has been shown to stabilize the differentiated phenotype for short-term culture. In order to identify the substratum that best supports in vivo basal hepatocyte gene expression profiles in vitro, the gene expression profiles of primary rat hepatocytes plated on collagen I in hepatocyte maintenance medium (HMM) or hepatocyte culture medium (HCM), or on matrigel in HMM medium for 2 h, 16 h, or 72 h were compared to the expression profiles of freshly isolated rat hepatocytes using the Atlas rat stress array. After 16 h in culture, there were differences in gene expression between cultured primary hepatocytes and freshly isolated hepatocytes, but no apparent substratum effects. At 72 h, the expression of 9 genes was altered in hepatocytes plated on either substratum compared to expression in freshly isolated hepatocytes. However, there were an additional 13 genes with increased expression in hepatocytes plated on collagen I that were expressed at low or non-detectable levels in freshly isolated hepatocytes or primary hepatocytes plated on matrigel. In summary, after 72 h, primary hepatocytes plated on matrigel had basal gene expression patterns more similar to patterns in freshly isolated hepatocytes than did hepatocytes cultured on collagen. In addition, culture on matrigel suppressed the expression of atypical genes in culture. These preliminary studies suggest that culture on matrigel may be preferable for longer-term in vitro toxicological studies. JF - Toxicology mechanisms and methods AU - Harris, Angela J AU - Shaddock, Joseph G AU - Delongchamp, Robert AU - Dragan, Yvonne AU - Casciano, Daniel A AD - Center for Hepatotoxicity, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 257 EP - 270 VL - 14 IS - 5 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/734202752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+mechanisms+and+methods&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Basal+gene+expression+in+cultured+primary+rat+hepatocytes+and+freshly+isolated+rat+hepatocytes.&rft.au=Harris%2C+Angela+J%3BShaddock%2C+Joseph+G%3BDelongchamp%2C+Robert%3BDragan%2C+Yvonne%3BCasciano%2C+Daniel+A&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=257&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+mechanisms+and+methods&rft.issn=1537-6524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15376520490434629 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2012-10-02 N1 - Date created - 2009-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15376520490434629 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gene regulation and molecular toxicology. AN - 734202518; 20021075 AB - Abstract The study of gene expression has become a cornerstone of molecular toxicology and toxicogenomics. From a toxicological standpoint, constitutive expression levels of a gene could be just as important in determining the outcome of toxicity as the inducible expression. There are six distinct steps at which gene expression can be controlled; these are transcription, RNA processing, RNA transport, translation, mRNA degradation, and control of protein activity. While this overall paradigm of gene regulation is still valid, the complexity of genetic regulation begins mostly at the level of transcription and certain post-transcriptional events. A thorough understanding of the complexity and fluidity of gene and genome structure and their regulation is an integral part in the theory and practice of molecular toxicology and toxicogenomics. The present article is an attempt to briefly summarize our understanding of gene regulation beginning from the cistron concept. Relevance of molecular toxicology to gene regulatory mechanisms has been emphasized with examples wherever appropriate. JF - Toxicology mechanisms and methods AU - Choudhuri, Supratim AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Division of Biotechnology and GRAS Notice Review, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, usa. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1 EP - 23 VL - 15 IS - 1 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/734202518?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+mechanisms+and+methods&rft.atitle=Gene+regulation+and+molecular+toxicology.&rft.au=Choudhuri%2C+Supratim&rft.aulast=Choudhuri&rft.aufirst=Supratim&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+mechanisms+and+methods&rft.issn=1537-6524&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15376520590890686 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2012-10-02 N1 - Date created - 2009-12-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15376520590890686 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk-assessment implications of mechanistic model's prediction of low-dose nonlinearity of liver tumor risk for mice fed fumonisin b(1). AN - 733325098; 19330107 AB - A two-stage, clonal-expansion model of liver tumor risk in mice was developed by Kodell et al. (Food Addit Contam 18:237-253, 2001) based on the hypothesis that fumonisin B(1), a naturally occurring mycotoxin in corn, is not genotoxic, but rather causes cancer through the disruption of sphingolipid metabolism. This disruption is assumed to cause an increase in apoptosis, in response to which cells proliferate to compensate for reduced tissue mass. The resulting differential increase in the number of pre-neoplastic cells at risk of mutation during cell division is assumed to lead to an increase in the incidence of tumors. Two-year liver tumor incidences predicted by the model using data on organ weight, cell proliferation, and sphingolipid metabolism provided a reasonable match to the actual 2-year observed incidences in a study conducted at the National Center for Toxicological Research. The predictions indicated no risk at low doses (even a possible hormetic effect) and high risk at high doses in females, as well as a complete absence of a dose response (or perhaps, a hormetic effect) in males. This paper provides a commentary on the risk-assessment implications of the modeling results, pointing out that the model's low-dose predictions provide scientific support and justification for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's low-ppm guidance levels in corn products. These guidance levels are significantly higher than would be obtained using linear extrapolation, the method most often used for genotoxic carcinogens and other carcinogens for which low-dose linearity cannot be ruled out. JF - Nonlinearity in biology, toxicology, medicine AU - Kodell, Ralph L AU - Turturro, Angelo AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas. Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 35 EP - 43 VL - 2 IS - 1 SN - 1540-1421, 1540-1421 KW - nongenotoxic KW - mycotoxin KW - FDA guidance KW - hormesis KW - apoptosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/733325098?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nonlinearity+in+biology%2C+toxicology%2C+medicine&rft.atitle=Risk-assessment+implications+of+mechanistic+model%27s+prediction+of+low-dose+nonlinearity+of+liver+tumor+risk+for+mice+fed+fumonisin+b%281%29.&rft.au=Kodell%2C+Ralph+L%3BTurturro%2C+Angelo&rft.aulast=Kodell&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nonlinearity+in+biology%2C+toxicology%2C+medicine&rft.issn=15401421&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15401420490426981 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2011-07-14 N1 - Date created - 2009-03-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Pathol. 1996 Nov;149(5):1585-91 [8909248] Pharmacol Ther. 1996;70(2):137-61 [8843466] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1996 Jun;138(2):211-8 [8658522] Carcinogenesis. 1996 Feb;17(2):239-49 [8625445] Food Addit Contam. 2001 Mar;18(3):237-53 [11304033] Carcinogenesis. 1992 Mar;13(3):433-7 [1547534] Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1990 Dec;57(4):269-75 [2293136] S Afr Med J. 1988 Aug 6;74(3):110-4 [3399988] Food Addit Contam. 2001 Mar;18(3):255-61 [11304034] Mycopathologia. 1992 Feb;117(1-2):83-96 [1387461] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15401420490426981 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Meat-related mutagens/carcinogens in the etiology of colorectal cancer. AN - 72031629; 15199546 AB - Diets containing substantial amounts of red or preserved meats may increase the risk of various cancers, including colorectal cancer. This association may be due to a combination of factors such as the content of fat, protein, iron, and/or meat preparation (e.g., cooking or preserving methods). Red meat may be associated with colorectal cancer by contributing to N-nitroso compound (NOC) exposure. Humans can be exposed to NOCs by exogenous routes (from processed meats in particular) and by endogenous routes. Endogenous exposure to NOCs is dose-dependently related to the amount of red meat in the diet. Laboratory results have shown that meats cooked at high temperatures contain other potential mutagens in the form of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To investigate the role of these compounds, we have created separate databases for HCAs and PAHs, which we have used in conjunction with a validated meat-cooking food frequency questionnaire. The role of meat type, cooking methods, doneness levels, and meat-cooking mutagens has been examined in both case-control studies and prospective cohort studies, with mixed results. Here, we review the current epidemiologic knowledge of meat-related mutagens, and evaluate the types of studies that may be required in the future to clarify the association between meat consumption and colorectal cancer. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Cross, Amanda J AU - Sinha, Rashmi AD - Nutritional Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. crossa@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 44 EP - 55 VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Fatty Acids KW - Heterocyclic Compounds KW - Mutagens KW - Nitroso Compounds KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - Ammonia KW - 7664-41-7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Hot Temperature KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Ammonia -- toxicity KW - Heterocyclic Compounds -- toxicity KW - Nitroso Compounds -- toxicity KW - Fatty Acids -- toxicity KW - Urine -- chemistry KW - Meat -- adverse effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Diet KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72031629?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Meat-related+mutagens%2Fcarcinogens+in+the+etiology+of+colorectal+cancer.&rft.au=Cross%2C+Amanda+J%3BSinha%2C+Rashmi&rft.aulast=Cross&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=44&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neurobiology of seizures and behavioral abnormalities. AN - 72003425; 15186339 AB - Seizures are both caused by and induce a complex set of neurobiological alterations and adaptations. The animal model of amygdala kindling provides insight into the spatiotemporal evolution of these changes as a function of seizure development and progression. Intracellular, synaptic, and microstructural changes are revealed as related to both the primary pathophysiology of kindled seizure evolution and compensatory secondary, or endogenous anticonvulsant adaptations. At the level of gene expression, the balance of these pathological and adaptive processes (as augmented by exogenous medications) probably determines whether seizures will be manifest or suppressed and could account for aspects of their intermittency. As anxiety and emotion modulation are subserved by many of the same neuroanatomic substrates involved in the evolution of complex partial seizures, particularly those of the medial temporal lobe, it is readily conceptualized how vulnerability to a range of psychiatric disorders could be related to the primary or secondary neurochemical alterations associated with seizure disorders. The discrete and methodologically controlled elucidation of the cascades and spatiotemporal distributions of neurobiological alterations that accompany seizure evolution in the kindling model may help resolve some of the difficulty and complexity of elucidating these biobehavioral relationships in the clinic. JF - Epilepsia AU - Post, R M AD - Biological Psychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1272, USA. Robert.Post@NIH.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 5 EP - 14 VL - 45 Suppl 2 SN - 0013-9580, 0013-9580 KW - Anticonvulsants KW - 0 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Bipolar Disorder -- physiopathology KW - Humans KW - Brain -- drug effects KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Anticonvulsants -- therapeutic use KW - Cocaine -- administration & dosage KW - Mental Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Rats KW - Brain -- physiopathology KW - Anticonvulsants -- pharmacology KW - Drug Tolerance -- physiology KW - Cats KW - Amygdala KW - Cocaine -- pharmacology KW - Seizures -- chemically induced KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Seizures -- physiopathology KW - Behavior, Animal -- physiology KW - Seizures -- drug therapy KW - Kindling, Neurologic -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72003425?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epilepsia&rft.atitle=Neurobiology+of+seizures+and+behavioral+abnormalities.&rft.au=Post%2C+R+M&rft.aulast=Post&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=45+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Epilepsia&rft.issn=00139580&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational contact dermatitis. AN - 72001039; 15186373 AB - The dermatologist should be aware of the many facets of occupational skin diseases, which can be caused by physical, chemical, and biological insults. The most common manifestation of occupational skin diseases is contact dermatitis (both irritant and allergic). Three factors point out the importance of occupational skin diseases as diseases that have a public health impact: 1) occupational skin diseases are common; 2) they often have a poor prognosis; and 3) they result in a noteworthy economic impact for society and for an individual. They are also diseases amenable to public health interventions. Specific industries and exposures may put a worker at risk of occupational contact dermatitis. The accuracy of the diagnosis of occupational contact dermatitis is related to the skill level, experience, and knowledge of the medical professional who makes the diagnosis and confirms the relationship with a workplace exposure. Prevention of occupational contact dermatitis is important, and a variety of prevention strategies are available. JF - Dermatologic therapy AU - Lushniak, Boris D AD - US Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. BLushniak@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 272 EP - 277 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 1396-0296, 1396-0296 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Irritants KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Public Health -- methods KW - Humans KW - Irritants -- adverse effects KW - Allergens -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- diagnosis KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- etiology KW - Dermatitis, Contact -- prevention & control KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Dermatitis, Contact -- etiology KW - Dermatitis, Contact -- diagnosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72001039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dermatologic+therapy&rft.atitle=Occupational+contact+dermatitis.&rft.au=Lushniak%2C+Boris+D&rft.aulast=Lushniak&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=272&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Dermatologic+therapy&rft.issn=13960296&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-28 N1 - Date created - 2004-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Work organization interventions: state of knowledge and future directions. AN - 71941065; 15150855 AB - Changes taking place in the modern workplace, such as more flexible and lean production technologies, flatter management structures, and nontraditional employment practices fundamentally alter work organization factors and raise concerns about potentially negative influences on worker health and safety. These changes raise concerns about adverse effects on worker safety and health and call attention to the need for interventions to counter these effects. This forum article provides an overview of work organization intervention research, highlights gaps in the research literature, and sets forth an agenda for future intervention research. Research to date has focused primarily on individual-level interventions, with far less attention to interventions at the legislative/policy level, employer/organization level, and job/task level. Future research is recommended to establish the effectiveness of work organization interventions using improved methodological designs and giving increased attention to the circumstances within organizations that promote the adoption of such interventions. JF - Sozial- und Praventivmedizin AU - Murphy, Lawrence R AU - Sauter, Steven L AD - Organizational Science and Human Factors Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. lrm2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 79 EP - 86 VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 0303-8408, 0303-8408 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Health Promotion -- organization & administration KW - Health Promotion -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Occupational Health Services -- organization & administration KW - Occupational Health Services -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Organizational Objectives KW - Forecasting KW - Stress, Psychological -- complications KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Safety Management -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Workplace -- organization & administration KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Safety Management -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71941065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sozial-+und+Praventivmedizin&rft.atitle=Work+organization+interventions%3A+state+of+knowledge+and+future+directions.&rft.au=Murphy%2C+Lawrence+R%3BSauter%2C+Steven+L&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Sozial-+und+Praventivmedizin&rft.issn=03038408&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spontaneous reports of hypertension leading to hospitalisation in association with rofecoxib, celecoxib, nabumetone and oxaprozin. AN - 71906991; 15132714 AB - Data on file with the US FDA, and other published studies, suggest that the selective cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor NSAID rofecoxib has a greater hypertensive adverse effect than other NSAIDs, including celecoxib. In this study we describe a pharmacoepidemiologic analysis of spontaneous adverse event reports of acute, clinically serious hypertension (as defined by hospitalisation) reported in association with rofecoxib, celecoxib, nabumetone and oxaprozin. The objective of this analysis is to assess whether postmarketing data are consistent with results of clinical trials. We also collapse cases into series for the identification of possible risk factors for clinically severe, NSAID-associated hypertension. Domestic (US) cases of apparently unconfounded, acute hypertension leading to hospitalisation were collected and reviewed from the spontaneous adverse events database of the FDA for rofecoxib, celecoxib, nabumetone and oxaprozin for the initial 3 years of marketing. Drug use data for the same intervals enabled calculation of reporting rates. In an analysis of reporting rates, hospitalisation for acute blood pressure (BP) elevation was reported more frequently (3.8-fold) for rofecoxib compared with celecoxib. A total of 34 cases are collapsed into case series. No cases were identified for either nabumetone or oxaprozin. Inspection of reviewed cases for celecoxib and rofecoxib suggest that these patients (average age 72 years) were potentially high-risk candidates for NSAID therapy. During early marketing, hospitalisation for acute BP elevation appears to have been reported more frequently for rofecoxib compared with celecoxib. This is consistent with clinical trial data on file with the FDA, and other published studies that found rofecoxib to have a greater effect on BP than other NSAIDs, including celecoxib. This finding may be particularly relevant in older patients given the prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in this age group. Copyright 2004 Adis Data Information BV JF - Drugs & aging AU - Brinker, Allen AU - Goldkind, Lawrence AU - Bonnel, Renan AU - Beitz, Julie AD - Division of Drug Risk Evaluation, Office of Drug Safety, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20875, USA. brinkera@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 479 EP - 484 VL - 21 IS - 7 SN - 1170-229X, 1170-229X KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - 0 KW - Butanones KW - Isoenzymes KW - Lactones KW - Membrane Proteins KW - Propionates KW - Pyrazoles KW - Sulfonamides KW - Sulfones KW - rofecoxib KW - 0QTW8Z7MCR KW - Cyclooxygenase 2 KW - EC 1.14.99.1 KW - PTGS2 protein, human KW - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases KW - Celecoxib KW - JCX84Q7J1L KW - nabumetone KW - LW0TIW155Z KW - oxaprozin KW - MHJ80W9LRB KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Aged KW - Isoenzymes -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Hospitalization -- statistics & numerical data KW - Female KW - Male KW - Lactones -- adverse effects KW - Hypertension -- chemically induced KW - Sulfonamides -- adverse effects KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- statistics & numerical data KW - Propionates -- adverse effects KW - Butanones -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71906991?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drugs+%26+aging&rft.atitle=Spontaneous+reports+of+hypertension+leading+to+hospitalisation+in+association+with+rofecoxib%2C+celecoxib%2C+nabumetone+and+oxaprozin.&rft.au=Brinker%2C+Allen%3BGoldkind%2C+Lawrence%3BBonnel%2C+Renan%3BBeitz%2C+Julie&rft.aulast=Brinker&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=479&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drugs+%26+aging&rft.issn=1170229X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human glutathione S-transferase A2 polymorphisms: variant expression, distribution in prostate cancer cases/controls and a novel form. AN - 71905515; 15128049 AB - Variability of expression of the major glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) of liver, GSTA1 and GSTA2, is thought to affect the efficiency of detoxification of xenobiotics, including chemical carcinogens. Polymorphism of the GSTA1 regulatory sequence determines some of the variation of hepatic GSTA1 expression, but the polymorphisms in GSTA2 (exons 5 and 7) were not thought to affect GSTA2 activity. By examining GST protein expression for a set of human liver and pancreas samples (coupled with a cloning/polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism strategy), we identified a novel substitution Pro110Ser (328C>T) and the corresponding novel variant GSTA2*E (Ser110Ser112Lys196Glu210), and confirmed the presence of variants GSTA2*A (Pro110Ser112Lys196Glu210), GSTA2*B (Pro110Ser112Lys196Ala210) and GSTA2*C (Pro110Thr112Lys196Glu210). GSTA2*C occurred at 30-60% (i.e. approximately 100-fold more frequent than previously reported) and GSTA2*E occurred (heterozygous) at approximately 11%. Hepatic expression of the Ser112 variants (GSTA2*A, GSTA2*B or GSTA2*E) was approximately four-fold higher than that of the Thr112 variant (GSTA2*C). Compared to any other variant, GSTA2E had lower rates of catalysis towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 4-vinylpyridine, and cumene-, t-butyl- and arachidonic acid hydroperoxides, although kcat/Km for CDNB were similar for all four variants. Using a prostate cancer case-control population, it was found that GSTA1*A/GSTA2 C335 and GSTA1*B/GSTA2 G335 were in linkage disequilibrium in Caucasians but not in African-Americans. However, there were no significant differences in the distribution of these polymorphisms or resultant haplotypes by case status. Nevertheless, the rare genotypes, GSTA2*E/*E and GSTA1*B/*B + GSTA2*C/*C (potential low GSTA2 activity and low hepatic GSTA1 and GSTA2 expression, respectively) could increase the risk of adverse effects of xenobiotics via compromised efficiency of detoxification. JF - Pharmacogenetics AU - Ning, Baitang AU - Wang, Charles AU - Morel, Fabrice AU - Nowell, Susan AU - Ratnasinghe, D Luke AU - Carter, Waleetka AU - Kadlubar, Fred F AU - Coles, Brian AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 35 EP - 44 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0960-314X, 0960-314X KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Base Sequence KW - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Catalysis KW - Polymorphism, Genetic KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- enzymology KW - Glutathione Transferase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71905515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacogenetics&rft.atitle=Human+glutathione+S-transferase+A2+polymorphisms%3A+variant+expression%2C+distribution+in+prostate+cancer+cases%2Fcontrols+and+a+novel+form.&rft.au=Ning%2C+Baitang%3BWang%2C+Charles%3BMorel%2C+Fabrice%3BNowell%2C+Susan%3BRatnasinghe%2C+D+Luke%3BCarter%2C+Waleetka%3BKadlubar%2C+Fred+F%3BColes%2C+Brian&rft.aulast=Ning&rft.aufirst=Baitang&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacogenetics&rft.issn=0960314X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Trimethyltin-induced neurogenesis in the murine hippocampus. AN - 71869251; 15111239 AB - Neurogenesis continues to occur in the mature rodent brain with one of the most prominent sources for new neurons being the subgranular layer (SGL) of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus. A number of factors can stimulate this process including synaptic activity and injury. To determine if this process would occur upon a direct injury to the dentate region, we exposed young, 21 day old male CD-1 mice to the hippocampal toxicant, trimethyltin (TMT). An acute i.p. injection of TMT (2 mg/kg) produced extensive damage and loss of dentate granule neurons within 72 h. This active period of degeneration was accompanied by an increase in the generation of progenitor cells within the SGL as identified by BrdU uptake and Ki-67 immunostaining. As additional markers for neurogenesis, both nestin and doublecortin showed increased staining patterns within the blades of the dentate. In these young weanling mice, the level of proliferation was sufficient to significantly repopulate the dentate region by 4 weeks post-TMT, suggesting a high level of regenerative potential. Our data indicate a significant level of neurogenesis occurring during the active process of degeneration and in an environment of microglia activation. The TMT-induced injury offers a model system for further examination of the process of neurogenesis, neural adaptation, and the influence of inflammatory factors and glia interactions. JF - Neurotoxicity research AU - Harry, G Jean AU - McPherson, Christopher A AU - Wine, Robert N AU - Atkinson, Kelly AU - Lefebvre d'Hellencourt, Christian AD - Neurotoxicology Group, Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, MD C1-04, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. harry@niehs.nih.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 623 EP - 627 VL - 5 IS - 8 SN - 1029-8428, 1029-8428 KW - Trimethyltin Compounds KW - 0 KW - trimethyltin KW - 1631-73-8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cell Death -- physiology KW - Animals KW - Cell Differentiation -- physiology KW - Mice KW - Cell Differentiation -- drug effects KW - Cell Death -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Trimethyltin Compounds -- pharmacology KW - Neurons -- drug effects KW - Neurons -- cytology KW - Hippocampus -- cytology KW - Hippocampus -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71869251?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicity+research&rft.atitle=Trimethyltin-induced+neurogenesis+in+the+murine+hippocampus.&rft.au=Harry%2C+G+Jean%3BMcPherson%2C+Christopher+A%3BWine%2C+Robert+N%3BAtkinson%2C+Kelly%3BLefebvre+d%27Hellencourt%2C+Christian&rft.aulast=Harry&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=623&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicity+research&rft.issn=10298428&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Neurosci Res. 2000 Oct 1;62(1):146-55 [11002296] J Neurosci Res. 2000 Jul 1;61(1):10-20 [10861795] Hippocampus. 2000;10(2):169-80 [10791839] J Neurosci. 1999 Oct 15;19(20):8747-56 [10516294] Brain Res. 1999 Jun 12;831(1-2):283-7 [10412007] J Comp Neurol. 1999 Apr 19;406(4):449-60 [10205022] J Neurochem. 1998 Oct;71(4):1577-87 [9751191] Neuron. 1994 Feb;12(2):343-55 [8110463] Neurotoxicology. 1983 Spring;4(1):19-28 [6683824] Neurotox Res. 2003;5(5):339-54 [14715453] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Apr 10;98(8):4710-5 [11296300] J Comp Neurol. 2001 Jul 9;435(4):406-17 [11406822] Brain Res. 2001 Sep 7;912(2):116-27 [11532427] J Neurosci. 2002 Feb 1;22(3):612-3 [11826087] Nature. 2002 Feb 28;415(6875):1030-4 [11875571] J Neurosci Methods. 2002 Mar 30;115(1):97-105 [11897369] Exp Neurol. 2002 May;175(1):152-60 [12009767] J Pathol. 2002 Jul;197(4):536-50 [12115869] Prog Brain Res. 2002;135:121-31 [12143334] Development. 2003 Jan;130(2):391-9 [12466205] J Neurosci Res. 2003 Feb 15;71(4):583-90 [12548715] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Committee on Microbiology and Extraneous Materials. AN - 71826734; 15084113 JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Andrews, Wallace H AU - Tomasino, Stephen F Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 296 EP - 303 VL - 87 IS - 1 KW - Disinfectants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Disinfectants -- analysis KW - Food Microbiology KW - Food Analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71826734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Committee+on+Microbiology+and+Extraneous+Materials.&rft.au=Andrews%2C+Wallace+H%3BTomasino%2C+Stephen+F&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Wallace&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Committee on Natural Toxins and Food Allergens. AN - 71826465; 15084110 JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Hungerford, James M AU - Trucksess, Mary W Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 270 EP - 284 VL - 87 IS - 1 KW - Marine Toxins KW - 0 KW - Microcystins KW - Mycotoxins KW - Peptides, Cyclic KW - Toxins, Biological KW - microcystin KW - 77238-39-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Plants, Toxic -- chemistry KW - Marine Toxins -- analysis KW - Food Contamination KW - Peptides, Cyclic -- analysis KW - Food Analysis KW - Toxins, Biological -- analysis KW - Food Hypersensitivity -- prevention & control KW - Mycotoxins -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71826465?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Committee+on+Natural+Toxins+and+Food+Allergens.&rft.au=Hungerford%2C+James+M%3BTrucksess%2C+Mary+W&rft.aulast=Hungerford&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=270&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-31 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enhancing occupational safety and health through use of the national skill standards. AN - 71813928; 15070031 AB - In a voluntary national effort, U.S. industry, education, labor, and government have initiated the development of standards for job skills and competencies in jobs in 15 economic sectors. The aim of the skill standards is to maintain a globally competitive workforce. Efforts to include occupational safety and health knowledge and skills as core elements in these standards are described. The first skill standards to include occupational safety and health competencies were developed for the manufacturing sector, evaluated by 3,800 workers in 700 companies, and published. National skill standards can stimulate extensive training in occupational safety and health, with resultant application to a larger percentage of workers than ever before. JF - International journal of occupational and environmental health AU - Palassis, John AU - Schulte, Paul A AU - Sweeney, Marie Haring AU - Okun, Andrea H AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. jpalassis@cdc.gov PY - 2004 SP - 90 EP - 98 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1077-3525, 1077-3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Accidents, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Occupational Exposure -- standards KW - Humans KW - Safety KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Program Development KW - Health Policy -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Health -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Inservice Training -- standards KW - Industry -- standards KW - Industry -- education UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71813928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Enhancing+occupational+safety+and+health+through+use+of+the+national+skill+standards.&rft.au=Palassis%2C+John%3BSchulte%2C+Paul+A%3BSweeney%2C+Marie+Haring%3BOkun%2C+Andrea+H&rft.aulast=Palassis&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=90&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=10773525&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-18 N1 - Date created - 2004-04-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Latex allergens. AN - 71765110; 15042925 JF - Clinical allergy and immunology AU - Slater, Jay E AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 369 EP - 386 VL - 18 SN - 1075-7910, 1075-7910 KW - Allergens KW - 0 KW - Latex KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Hevea -- classification KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Health Personnel KW - Hevea -- adverse effects KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate -- therapy KW - Desensitization, Immunologic KW - Occupational Diseases -- therapy KW - Cross Reactions KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate -- epidemiology KW - Hypersensitivity, Immediate -- diagnosis KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- diagnosis KW - Latex -- adverse effects KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- epidemiology KW - Latex Hypersensitivity -- therapy KW - Allergens -- classification KW - Allergens -- adverse effects KW - Latex -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71765110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+allergy+and+immunology&rft.atitle=Latex+allergens.&rft.au=Slater%2C+Jay+E&rft.aulast=Slater&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=&rft.spage=369&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+allergy+and+immunology&rft.issn=10757910&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Role of nitric oxide in pathological responses of the lung to exposure to environmental/occupational agents. AN - 71752116; 15035823 AB - Conflicting evidence exists as to whether nitric oxide expresses damaging/inflammatory or antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties. Data presented in this review indicate that in vitro or in vivo exposure to selected environmental or occupational agents, such as asbestos, silica, ozone or lipopolysaccharide, can result in up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase by alveolar macrophages and pulmonary epithelial cells. In the case of silica exposure, evidence consistently supports a damaging/inflammatory role of nitric oxide and/or peroxynitrite in the pathogenesis of lung disease. Although conflicting data have been reported, the majority of published studies suggest that nitric oxide plays a damaging role in pulmonary injury resulting from exposure to ozone or asbestos. In contrast, most information supports an anti-inflammatory role of nitric oxide following exposure to lipopolysaccharide. Further investigation is required to elucidate fully the mechanisms involved in determining the role of nitric oxide in the initiation and progression of various pulmonary diseases. JF - Redox report : communications in free radical research AU - Zeidler, Patti C AU - Castranova, Vincent AD - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 7 EP - 18 VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 1351-0002, 1351-0002 KW - Asbestos KW - 1332-21-4 KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Ozone KW - 66H7ZZK23N KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Asbestos -- administration & dosage KW - Silicon Dioxide -- administration & dosage KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Silicon Dioxide -- toxicity KW - Nitric Oxide -- metabolism KW - Nitric Oxide -- biosynthesis KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Lung -- metabolism KW - Asbestos -- toxicity KW - Ozone -- administration & dosage KW - Ozone -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71752116?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Redox+report+%3A+communications+in+free+radical+research&rft.atitle=Role+of+nitric+oxide+in+pathological+responses+of+the+lung+to+exposure+to+environmental%2Foccupational+agents.&rft.au=Zeidler%2C+Patti+C%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent&rft.aulast=Zeidler&rft.aufirst=Patti&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Redox+report+%3A+communications+in+free+radical+research&rft.issn=13510002&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-23 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of restaurants regarding smoking policies. AN - 71726928; 15018339 AB - The New Hampshire Indoor Smoking Act was implemented in 1994 to protect the public's health by regulating smoking in enclosed places. A survey was conducted of New Hampshire restaurants to determine smoking policies, to determine restaurant characteristics associated with smoking policies, and to evaluate compliance with the Indoor Smoking Act. A list of New Hampshire restaurants was obtained from a marketing firm. Establishments were selected randomly until 400 had completed a 22-question telephone survey. Forty-four percent of restaurants permitted smoking. Characteristics positively associated with permitting smoking were being a non-fast-food restaurant, selling alcohol, selling tobacco, and having greater than the median number of seats. Of restaurants permitting smoking, 96.1% had a designated smoking area, 87.0% had a ventilation system to minimize secondhand smoke, 83.6% had a physical barrier between smoking and nonsmoking areas, and 53.1% exhibited signs marking the smoking area. Forty percent of restaurants permitting smoking met all four requirements of the Indoor Smoking Act. Smoking policies differ, by type of restaurant. Compliance with the Indoor Smoking Act is low. JF - Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP AU - Williams, Alcia AU - Peterson, Elizabeth AU - Knight, Susan AU - Hiller, Marc AU - Pelletier, Andrew AD - Tobacco Prevention and Control Program, Office of Community and Public Health, New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services, Concord 03301, USA. arpl@cdc.gov PY - 2004 SP - 35 EP - 40 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1078-4659, 1078-4659 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - 0 KW - Health technology assessment KW - New Hampshire -- epidemiology KW - Ventilation -- methods KW - Humans KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Epidemiological Monitoring KW - Data Collection KW - Time Factors KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Smoking -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- prevention & control KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Guideline Adherence KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Restaurants -- standards KW - Organizational Policy KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- statistics & numerical data KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Restaurants -- statistics & numerical data KW - Smoking -- prevention & control KW - Health Policy KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- statistics & numerical data KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71726928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+public+health+management+and+practice+%3A+JPHMP&rft.atitle=Survey+of+restaurants+regarding+smoking+policies.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Alcia%3BPeterson%2C+Elizabeth%3BKnight%2C+Susan%3BHiller%2C+Marc%3BPelletier%2C+Andrew&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Alcia&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+public+health+management+and+practice+%3A+JPHMP&rft.issn=10784659&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pregnancy exposure registries. AN - 71711039; 15003034 AB - Scientifically valid data on the safety of drug use during pregnancy are a significant public health need. Data are rarely available on the fetal effects of in utero exposure in human pregnancies, particularly when a drug is first marketed. Data from animal reproductive toxicology studies, which function as a screen for potential human teratogenicity, are usually all that is available in a product's labelling. For practising clinicians, translating known animal risks into an accurate assessment of teratogenic risks in their patients is very difficult, if not impossible. Without human data on the effects of in utero drug exposure, it is difficult for physicians and other healthcare providers (e.g. genetic counsellors) to adequately counsel patients about fetal risks. Therefore, a pregnant woman may decide to unnecessarily terminate a wanted pregnancy or forego needed drug therapy. In spite of the lack of data on the safety of drug use during human pregnancies, pregnant women are exposed to drugs either as prescribed therapy or inadvertently before pregnancy is known (over one-half of pregnancies are unplanned). Because little is known about the teratogenic potential of a drug in humans before marketing, post-marketing surveillance of drug use in pregnancy is critical to the detection of drug-induced fetal effects. The existing passive mechanism of spontaneous reporting of adverse drug effects is inadequate to routinely detect drug-induced fetal risks or lack of such risks. Therefore, post-marketing pregnancy exposure registries are being increasingly used to proactively monitor for major fetal effects and to describe margins of safety associated with drug exposure during pregnancy. However, differing methodological rigour has been applied to the development of pregnancy exposure registries. It is important that all pregnancy registries develop epidemiologically sound written study protocols a priori. It is only through the use of rigorous methodology and procedures that data from pregnancy exposure registries will withstand scientific scrutiny. Successful recruitment of an adequate number of exposed pregnancies, aggressive follow-up, and complete and accurate ascertainment of pregnancy outcome are critical attributes of a well-designed registry. JF - Drug safety AU - Kennedy, Dianne L AU - Uhl, Kathleen AU - Kweder, Sandra L AD - Pregnancy Labeling Task Force, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20874, USA. kennedyd@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 215 EP - 228 VL - 27 IS - 4 SN - 0114-5916, 0114-5916 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Industry KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Pregnancy Complications KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- standards KW - Humans KW - Data Collection KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- methods KW - Registries -- standards KW - Pregnancy Outcome -- epidemiology KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71711039?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+safety&rft.atitle=Pregnancy+exposure+registries.&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+Dianne+L%3BUhl%2C+Kathleen%3BKweder%2C+Sandra+L&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Dianne&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+safety&rft.issn=01145916&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of oxidative stress and changes of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes induced by phthalates in rats. AN - 71565761; 14630134 AB - Phthalates are widely used as a plasticizer and cause a peroxisome proliferation. Peroxisome proliferators (PPs), such as di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and clofibrate (CF) are known to have a hepatocarcinogenic potential in rodents. It has been proposed that these PPs may cause hepatocellular cancer by an oxidative damage-mediated mechanism(s). The primary purpose of this study is to find whether there is a difference between the oxidative damage by hepatocarcinogenic PPs (DEHP and CF) and the oxidative damage by weak PPs [di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and n-butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP)]. The second purpose is to investigate if phthalates can affect the phase I/phase II enzymes, and if the effect of PPs on metabolizing enzymes correlates with peroxisome proliferation or not. After rats were treated with PPs (DEHP, DBP and BBP; 50, 200, 1000 mg/kg, CF; 100 mg/kg, p.o., for 14 days), the activities of metabolizing enzymes and peroxisomal enzymes were investigated, and the oxidative damage was measured using 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the DNA and malonedialdehyde (MDA) in the livers. These four PPs significantly increased the relative liver weights, palmitoyl-CoA oxidation and activity of carnitine acetyltransferase. DEHP was found to be the most potent PP among three phthalates. A dramatic and dose-dependent increase in hepatic MDA levels was observed in CF (100 mg/kg), DEHP (>or=50 mg/kg), DBP and BBP (>or=200 mg/kg) groups. However, the 8-OHdG in hepatic DNA was increased only in DEHP (1000 mg/kg) and CF groups. Activities of cytochrome p4501A1, 1A2, 3A4, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase and glutathione S-transferase were decreased overall by PPs, but there is no correlation between the inhibitory effect on metabolizing enzymes and the peroxisome proliferation. These results indicate that 8-OHdG positively correlates with carcinogenic potential of PPs, but other factors as well as peroxisomal H(2)O(2) could be involved in the generation of 8-OHdG and the carcinogenesis of PPs. The present findings also demonstrate that the effect of PPs on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes may be independent of the peroxisome proliferation and the oxidative stress. Thus it is possible that the PPs affect the hepatic toxification/detoxification capacity even in humans. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Seo, Kyung Won AU - Kim, Kyu Bong AU - Kim, Yun Jung AU - Choi, Ju Young AU - Lee, Kyung Tae AU - Choi, Kwang Sik AD - Toxicology Department, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 5 Nokbundong, Eunpyunggu, Seoul 122-704, South Korea. kwseo@kfda.gov.kr Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 107 EP - 114 VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Hypolipidemic Agents KW - 0 KW - Peroxisome Proliferators KW - Phthalic Acids KW - Xenobiotics KW - Malondialdehyde KW - 4Y8F71G49Q KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Clofibrate KW - HPN91K7FU3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Peroxisome Proliferators -- metabolism KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Cytosol -- drug effects KW - Cytosol -- enzymology KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Hypolipidemic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Liver -- chemistry KW - Clofibrate -- pharmacology KW - Rats KW - Malondialdehyde -- metabolism KW - DNA -- isolation & purification KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - DNA -- chemistry KW - Male KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Xenobiotics -- metabolism KW - Oxidative Stress -- drug effects KW - Phthalic Acids -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71565761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+oxidative+stress+and+changes+of+xenobiotic+metabolizing+enzymes+induced+by+phthalates+in+rats.&rft.au=Seo%2C+Kyung+Won%3BKim%2C+Kyu+Bong%3BKim%2C+Yun+Jung%3BChoi%2C+Ju+Young%3BLee%2C+Kyung+Tae%3BChoi%2C+Kwang+Sik&rft.aulast=Seo&rft.aufirst=Kyung&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - GBPI, a novel gastrointestinal- and brain-specific PP1-inhibitory protein, is activated by PKC and inactivated by PKA. AN - 71556346; 12974676 AB - The activities of PP1 (protein phosphatase 1), a principal cellular phosphatase that reverses serine/threonine protein phosphorylation, can be altered by inhibitors whose activities are themselves regulated by phosphorylation. We now describe a novel PKC (protein kinase C)-dependent PP1 inhibitor, namely GBPI (gut and brain phosphatase inhibitor). The shorter mRNA that encodes this protein, GBPI-1, is expressed in brain, stomach, small intestine, colon and kidney, whereas a longer GBPI-2 splice variant mRNA is found in testis. Human GBPI-1 mRNA encodes a 145-amino-acid, 16.5 kDa protein with pI 7.92. GBPI contains a consensus PP1-binding motif at residues 21-25 and consensus sites for phosphorylation by enzymes, including PKC, PKA (protein kinase A or cAMP-dependent protein kinase) and casein kinase II. Recombinant GBPI-1-fusion protein inhibits PP1 activity with IC50=3 nM after phosphorylation by PKC. Phospho-GBPI can even enhance PP2A activity by >50% at submicromolar concentrations. Non-phosphorylated GBPI-1 is inactive in both assays. Each of the mutations in amino acids located in potential PP1-binding sequences, K21E+K22E and W25A, decrease the ability of GBPI-1 to inhibit PP1. Mutations in the potential PKC phosphoacceptor site T58E also dramatically decrease the ability of GBPI-1 to inhibit PP1. Interestingly, when PKC-phosphorylated GBPI-1 is further phosphorylated by PKA, it no longer inhibits PP1. Thus, GBPI-1 is well positioned to integrate PKC and PKA modulation of PP1 to regulate differentially protein phosphorylation patterns in brain and gut. GBPI, its closest family member CPI (PKC-potentiated PP1 inhibitor) and two other family members, kinase-enhanced phosphatase inhibitor and phosphatase holoenzyme inhibitor, probably modulate integrated control of protein phosphorylation states in these and other tissues. JF - The Biochemical journal AU - Liu, Qing-Rong AU - Zhang, Ping-Wu AU - Lin, Zhicheng AU - Li, Qi-Fu AU - Woods, Amina S AU - Troncoso, Juan AU - Uhl, George R AD - Molecular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Box 5180, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. Y1 - 2004/01/01/ PY - 2004 DA - 2004 Jan 01 SP - 171 EP - 181 VL - 377 KW - PPP1R14D protein, human KW - 0 KW - PPP1R14D protein, rat KW - Proteins KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.11 KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - Phosphoprotein Phosphatases KW - EC 3.1.3.16 KW - Protein Phosphatase 1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Animals KW - RNA, Messenger -- metabolism KW - Phosphorylation KW - Humans KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Mice KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Tissue Distribution KW - Binding Sites KW - Protein Kinase C -- metabolism KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Brain -- enzymology KW - Proteins -- chemistry KW - Digestive System -- metabolism KW - Phosphoprotein Phosphatases -- metabolism KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Digestive System -- enzymology KW - Proteins -- metabolism KW - Proteins -- genetics KW - Protein Phosphatase 1 -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71556346?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.atitle=GBPI%2C+a+novel+gastrointestinal-+and+brain-specific+PP1-inhibitory+protein%2C+is+activated+by+PKC+and+inactivated+by+PKA.&rft.au=Liu%2C+Qing-Rong%3BZhang%2C+Ping-Wu%3BLin%2C+Zhicheng%3BLi%2C+Qi-Fu%3BWoods%2C+Amina+S%3BTroncoso%2C+Juan%3BUhl%2C+George+R&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Qing-Rong&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=377&rft.issue=&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.issn=1470-8728&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Genetic sequence - AY122323; GENBANK; AY050669; AY122322; AY122324; AY050673; AY050672; AY050671; AY050670; AF408400; AY179331 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Neurosci. 2003 Mar 1;23(5):1638-48 [12629168] J Biol Chem. 2003 May 23;278(21):18817-23 [12657641] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Jun 27;306(2):382-7 [12804574] Annu Rev Biochem. 1989;58:453-508 [2549856] Biotechniques. 1990 Apr;8(4):404-7 [2340178] Biochem J. 1990 Sep 1;270(2):549-52 [2400401] J Biol Chem. 1990 Nov 25;265(33):20369-76 [2173704] Cell. 1991 Aug 23;66(4):807-15 [1715244] Eur J Biochem. 1991 Sep 15;200(3):715-21 [1915343] J Biol Chem. 1991 Dec 15;266(35):23796-801 [1660885] Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1992;27(3):227-81 [1350240] Eur J Biochem. 1992 Dec 15;210(3):1023-35 [1336455] J Biol Chem. 1993 Jan 25;268(3):2106-12 [8420981] J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6505-10 [8384214] J Biol Chem. 1993 Jun 25;268(18):13172-7 [8390458] J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 14;269(2):944-54 [8288648] Nature. 1994 Jun 9;369(6480):486-8 [7515479] Mol Cell Biol. 1994 Oct;14(10):6789-96 [7935396] J Mol Biol. 1995 Dec 15;254(5):942-59 [7500362] J Biochem. 1995 Dec;118(6):1104-7 [8720121] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Apr 15;94(8):3536-41 [9108011] EMBO J. 1997 Apr 15;16(8):1876-87 [9155014] Bioorg Med Chem. 1997 Sep;5(9):1739-50 [9354230] J Physiol. 1998 May 1;508 ( Pt 3):871-81 [9518739] Science. 1998 Aug 7;281(5378):838-42 [9694658] J Biol Chem. 1999 Feb 5;274(6):3485-95 [9920894] J Biol Chem. 1999 Mar 19;274(12):7870-8 [10075680] J Neurochem. 1999 May;72(5):2015-21 [10217279] Neuron. 1999 Jul;23(3):435-47 [10433257] J Biol Chem. 2002 Apr 12;277(15):13312-20 [11812771] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Oct 4;297(4):773-8 [12359219] Biochem J. 2002 Oct 15;367(Pt 2):517-24 [12144526] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Mar 7;302(2):186-92 [12604330] Biochemistry. 1999 Dec 21;38(51):16952-7 [10606530] Chem Biol. 2000 Jan;7(1):R13-23 [10662690] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Feb 15;97(4):1856-60 [10677546] FEBS Lett. 2000 Jun 23;475(3):197-200 [10869555] Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Aug 11;274(3):825-30 [10924361] Cell Signal. 2001 Jan;13(1):7-16 [11257442] J Biol Chem. 2001 Oct 26;276(43):39858-63 [11517233] J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 23;276(47):44078-82 [11535607] J Cell Sci. 2002 Jan 15;115(Pt 2):241-56 [11839776] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The current and future role of dexrazoxane as a cardioprotectant in anthracycline treatment: expert panel review. AN - 71550735; 14564513 AB - This article summarizes the views of an expert meeting of cardiologists and oncologists on the use of dexrazoxane in anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity remains a major concern and new trends in treatment (e.g., combination of an anthracycline with other agents) will ensure that it remains a problem. Dexrazoxane reduces this cardiotoxicity in adults and children with a range of tumor types. Further research may help to identify those patients who are at particular risk of cardiotoxicity and who would benefit the most from dexrazoxane. There are also numerous possibilities for dexrazoxane in other clinical situations, which must be addressed in future trials. JF - Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology AU - Swain, S M AU - Vici, P AD - National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Building 8, Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889-5105, USA. swains@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 1 EP - 7 VL - 130 IS - 1 SN - 0171-5216, 0171-5216 KW - Anthracyclines KW - 0 KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic KW - Cardiotonic Agents KW - Razoxane KW - 5AR83PR647 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Razoxane -- therapeutic use KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic -- administration & dosage KW - Razoxane -- administration & dosage KW - Cardiotonic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Heart -- drug effects KW - Cardiotonic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anthracyclines -- administration & dosage KW - Anthracyclines -- adverse effects KW - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71550735?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+cancer+research+and+clinical+oncology&rft.atitle=The+current+and+future+role+of+dexrazoxane+as+a+cardioprotectant+in+anthracycline+treatment%3A+expert+panel+review.&rft.au=Swain%2C+S+M%3BVici%2C+P&rft.aulast=Swain&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=130&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+cancer+research+and+clinical+oncology&rft.issn=01715216&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Accelerating bacterial identification by infrared spectroscopy by employing microarray deposition of microorganisms. AN - 67305748; 15992277 AB - A microarray method for the deposition of bacteria onto an agar slide was developed to accelerate the formation of microcolonies. Representative microarrays each consisting of 40 micro-spots of five replicates of eight foodborne bacteria (Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli) were printed on a Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar slide using a contact micro-spotting robotic system. Within 3 h, sufficient bacterial cells were obtained to allow accurate identification of the microorganism by infrared spectroscopy. This approach allows a "complete-in-a-single-day" analysis of a large array of samples. JF - Foodborne pathogens and disease AU - Al-Khaldi, Sufian F AU - Mossoba, Magdi M AU - Ismail, Ashraf A AU - Fry, Fred S AD - Division of Microbiological Studies, OPDFB, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740-3855, USA. Sufian.Al-Khaldi@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 172 EP - 177 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1535-3141, 1535-3141 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- isolation & purification KW - Escherichia coli -- isolation & purification KW - Staphylococcus aureus -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- isolation & purification KW - Citrobacter freundii -- isolation & purification KW - Yersinia enterocolitica -- isolation & purification KW - Klebsiella pneumoniae -- isolation & purification KW - Time Factors KW - Species Specificity KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Enterobacter cloacae -- isolation & purification KW - Food Microbiology KW - Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared -- methods KW - Microarray Analysis -- methods KW - Bacteria -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67305748?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foodborne+pathogens+and+disease&rft.atitle=Accelerating+bacterial+identification+by+infrared+spectroscopy+by+employing+microarray+deposition+of+microorganisms.&rft.au=Al-Khaldi%2C+Sufian+F%3BMossoba%2C+Magdi+M%3BIsmail%2C+Ashraf+A%3BFry%2C+Fred+S&rft.aulast=Al-Khaldi&rft.aufirst=Sufian&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Foodborne+pathogens+and+disease&rft.issn=15353141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2005-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the health effects of chemicals in humans: I. QSAR estimation of the maximum recommended therapeutic dose (MRTD) and no effect level (NOEL) of organic chemicals based on clinical trial data. AN - 67299923; 16472220 AB - The primary objective of this investigation was to develop a QSAR model to estimate the no effect level (NOEL) of chemicals in humans using data derived from pharmaceutical clinical trials and the MCASE software program. We believe that a NOEL model derived from human data provides a more specific estimate of the toxic dose threshold of chemicals in humans compared to current risk assessment models which extrapolate from animals to humans employing multiple uncertainty safety factors. A database of the maximum recommended therapeutic dose (MRTD) of marketed pharmaceuticals was compiled. Chemicals with low MRTDs were classified as high-toxicity compounds; chemicals with high MRTDs were classified as low-toxicity compounds. Two separate training data sets were constructed to identify specific structural alerts associated with high and low toxicity chemicals. A total of 134 decision alerts correlated with toxicity in humans were identified from 1309 training data set chemicals. An internal validation experiment showed that predictions for high- and low-toxicity chemicals were good (positive predictivity >92%) and differences between experimental and predicted MRTDs were small (0.27-0.70 log-fold). Furthermore, the model exhibited good coverage (89.9-93.6%) for three classes of chemicals (pharmaceuticals, direct food additives, and food contact substances). An additional investigation demonstrated that the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of chemicals in rodents was poorly correlated with MRTD values in humans (R2 = 0.2005, n = 326). Finally, this report discusses experimental factors which influence the accuracy of test chemical predictions, potential applications of the model, and the advantages of this model over those that rely only on results of animal toxicology studies. JF - Current drug discovery technologies AU - Matthews, Edwin J AU - Kruhlak, Naomi L AU - Benz, R Daniel AU - Contrera, Joseph F AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane (HFD-901), Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. matthewse@ cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - January 2004 SP - 61 EP - 76 VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 1570-1638, 1570-1638 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - Index Medicus KW - Software KW - Animals KW - Computer Simulation KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Mice KW - Models, Statistical KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Rats KW - Databases, Factual KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Species Specificity KW - Female KW - Male KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- administration & dosage KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67299923?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+drug+discovery+technologies&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+health+effects+of+chemicals+in+humans%3A+I.+QSAR+estimation+of+the+maximum+recommended+therapeutic+dose+%28MRTD%29+and+no+effect+level+%28NOEL%29+of+organic+chemicals+based+on+clinical+trial+data.&rft.au=Matthews%2C+Edwin+J%3BKruhlak%2C+Naomi+L%3BBenz%2C+R+Daniel%3BContrera%2C+Joseph+F&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Edwin&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+drug+discovery+technologies&rft.issn=15701638&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-03-23 N1 - Date created - 2006-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Major foodborne illness causing viruses and current status of vaccines against the diseases. AN - 67298779; 15992267 AB - Even though viruses, unlike bacteria, cannot grow in or on foods, foodborne illnesses are associated with viruses due to contamination of the fresh produce or processed food by virus-containing fecal material. The commonly reported major foodborne illnesses are due to Noroviruses, hepatitis A and E viruses, rotaviruses, and astroviruses. Among all illnesses caused by foodborne pathogens, recent estimates of as high as 67% have been attributed to viruses alone, and an upward trend in the of transmission of viruses by food and water has been recently acknowledged. Due to the highly infectious nature of these viruses and their survival under drastic conditions such as high acidic pH and low temperatures, it has long been recognized that immunization against such pathogens is the ideal solution to provide protection against the illness and disease outbreaks associated with these viruses. With an increased recognition of the clinical significance and impact of acute viral illness associated with food and water in humans of all ages, there has been a recent surge in developing prophylactic vaccines against such viruses. So far, except for hepatitis A virus, there are no vaccines available to prevent illness associated with foodborne viruses. Outbreaks of hepatitis A have been significantly reduced due to widespread immunization of some risk groups. It is clear from the literature that novel strategies currently in development may lead to vaccines against noroviruses and rotaviruses in the near future, offering hope that such vaccines will significantly reduce the burden associated with foodborne illnesses associated with these viruses. JF - Foodborne pathogens and disease AU - Atreya, C D AD - Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. atreya@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 89 EP - 96 VL - 1 IS - 2 SN - 1535-3141, 1535-3141 KW - Viral Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Hepatitis E virus -- pathogenicity KW - Mamastrovirus -- pathogenicity KW - Disease Outbreaks -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Mamastrovirus -- immunology KW - Rotavirus -- pathogenicity KW - Hepatitis A virus -- immunology KW - Hepatitis E virus -- immunology KW - Water Microbiology KW - Hepatitis A virus -- pathogenicity KW - Rotavirus -- immunology KW - Norovirus -- immunology KW - Norovirus -- pathogenicity KW - Meat -- virology KW - Food Contamination -- prevention & control KW - Food Microbiology KW - Virus Diseases -- transmission KW - Foodborne Diseases -- virology KW - Virus Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Foodborne Diseases -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67298779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foodborne+pathogens+and+disease&rft.atitle=Major+foodborne+illness+causing+viruses+and+current+status+of+vaccines+against+the+diseases.&rft.au=Atreya%2C+C+D&rft.aulast=Atreya&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Foodborne+pathogens+and+disease&rft.issn=15353141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2005-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative foodborne bacterial pathogens associated with foods of animal origin. AN - 67291960; 15992273 AB - Antimicrobial-resistant foodborne pathogens are acquired primarily through consumption of contaminated food of animal origin or water. While there is much disagreement on the health burden imposed by resistance in foodborne bacterial pathogens, it is generally agreed that the use of antimicrobials, whether for growth promotion, prevention, or treatment, can select for resistant bacterial pathogens, and that these pathogens can be transmitted on food originating from sites processing treated animals. Information on the evolution and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens shows that the situation is complex and differs by organism and antimicrobial. A clearer understanding of the ecology of resistance is needed in order to support science-based assessments of the public health risks due to the use of antimicrobials in the animal husbandry environment. JF - Foodborne pathogens and disease AU - White, David G AU - Zhao, Shaohua AU - Singh, Ruby AU - McDermott, Patrick F AD - Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. dwhite@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 137 EP - 152 VL - 1 IS - 3 SN - 1535-3141, 1535-3141 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Animal Husbandry -- methods KW - Humans KW - Food Contamination KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Meat Products -- microbiology KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections -- drug therapy KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections -- microbiology KW - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections -- epidemiology KW - Gram-Negative Bacteria -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67291960?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foodborne+pathogens+and+disease&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+resistance+among+gram-negative+foodborne+bacterial+pathogens+associated+with+foods+of+animal+origin.&rft.au=White%2C+David+G%3BZhao%2C+Shaohua%3BSingh%2C+Ruby%3BMcDermott%2C+Patrick+F&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Foodborne+pathogens+and+disease&rft.issn=15353141&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-08-02 N1 - Date created - 2005-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The role of hypothermia and drowning in commercial fishing deaths in Alaska, 1990-2002. AN - 67280773; 15736684 AB - To describe the patterns associated with cold-water immersion and drowning in commercial fishermen in Alaska from 1990 through 2002. This is a retrospective study using data from the Alaska Occupational Surveillance System (AOISS), a database with records from all occupational mortalities occurring in Alaska from 1990 on. We extracted and analyzed all records describing deaths from drowning or hypothermia to commercial fishermen in Alaska from 1990 through 2002 that were registered within AOISS. We also used a subset of records from AOISS to compare use of Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs) between the target population and survivors of fatal events. There were 228 deaths resulting from cold-water immersion and subsequent drowning in the target population for the time period studied. Victims were far less likely to have used PFDs than were survivors of events where cold-water drowning occurred. The strong protective association seen with the use of PFDs, particularly immersion suits, in surviving cold-water events indicates that many of the events that led to deaths in the target population could well have been survivable. JF - International journal of circumpolar health AU - Hudson, Diana AU - Conway, George AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Alaska Field Station, Anchorage, Alaska 99507, USA. dhh8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 357 EP - 360 VL - 63 Suppl 2 SN - 1239-9736, 1239-9736 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Drowning -- epidemiology KW - Hypothermia -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67280773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+circumpolar+health&rft.atitle=The+role+of+hypothermia+and+drowning+in+commercial+fishing+deaths+in+Alaska%2C+1990-2002.&rft.au=Hudson%2C+Diana%3BConway%2C+George&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Diana&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=63+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=357&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+circumpolar+health&rft.issn=12399736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-21 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Scientific worker and licensed professional deaths in Alaska, 1990-2002. AN - 67271573; 15736683 AB - Between 1990-2002, 797 Alaskans died while working. After a scientific survey team member drowned, we examined the hazards of traumatic death to scientific and professional workers in Alaska. Surveillance and analysis methods for acute traumatic occupational injuries: The Alaska Occupational Injury Surveillance System (AOISS) uses direct investigation, jurisdictional agency reports, and death certificates to gather data for active surveillance on occupational injury deaths in Alaska. We searched AOISS for deaths which occurred while engaged in scientific or professional work. Commercial pilots, fishermen, loggers, taxi drivers and miners were excluded, as these have been previously studied. During 1990-2002, 85 scientific/professional worker deaths (including 2 suicides) occurred. Fish, game, and mountaineering guides accounted for 28 (33%) of the worker deaths, followed by biologists, who accounted for 11 (13%). Aircraft crashes accounted for 42 (49%) of all these deaths, followed by drownings, 12 (14%), and falls, 9 (11%). A seismologist was fatally mauled by a bear. Of the 14 hunting guide fatalities, 11 were the result of aircraft crashes, one was a suicide, one was a drowning, and one resulted from a motor vehicle crash. Of the 11 hunting guide fatalities, eight died in aircraft crashes, one drowned, one walked into an aircraft prop, and one sustained a fatal head injury in a fall. Scientific and professional workers in Alaska experienced a substantial number of fatalities from traumatic injury. Nearly half of these deaths occurred in aircraft crashes. JF - International journal of circumpolar health AU - Conway, George A AU - Moran, Katherine A AU - Mode, Nicolle A AD - CDC/NIOSH/DSR Alaska Field Station, Anchorage 99508, USA. gconway@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 353 EP - 356 VL - 63 Suppl 2 SN - 1239-9736, 1239-9736 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mortality KW - Humans KW - Alaska -- epidemiology KW - Science -- manpower KW - Accidents, Occupational -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67271573?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+circumpolar+health&rft.atitle=Scientific+worker+and+licensed+professional+deaths+in+Alaska%2C+1990-2002.&rft.au=Conway%2C+George+A%3BMoran%2C+Katherine+A%3BMode%2C+Nicolle+A&rft.aulast=Conway&rft.aufirst=George&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=63+Suppl+2&rft.issue=&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+circumpolar+health&rft.issn=12399736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-21 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A multi-jurisdictional outbreak of hepatitis A related to a youth camp--implications for catering operations and mass gatherings. AN - 67252321; 15745403 AB - In June 2003, Australian state and territory health departments were notified of an outbreak of Hepatitis A in people who had attended a five-day youth camp. Approximately 350 people attended the event in Central Australia between 24 and 28 April 2003. The public health investigation comprised of case identification, food handler interviews, an environmental health investigation of the campground and associated food premises, laboratory analysis of blood specimens and food/water samples, and an epidemiological study. Twenty-one cases fitted the case definition for the outbreak. A retrospective cohort study involving four states was conducted, with 213 people interviewed. Coleslaw and cordial were significantly associated with illness, however when the two exposures were adjusted for each other to account for confounding, only coleslaw remained significantly associated with illness (adjusted RR 2.5, 95% CI 1.09 - 5.77). The investigation highlighted a number of food hygiene and safety issues relating to the catering of mass gatherings. Implementation of food safety programs in these settings are likely to reduce the occurrence of such outbreaks. The recent proposal by Food Standards Australia New Zealand to mandate food safety programs for catering operations is supported. JF - Communicable diseases intelligence quarterly report AU - Munnoch, Sally A AU - Ashbolt, Rosie H AU - Coleman, David J AU - Walton, Nerissa AU - Beers-Deeble, Mary Y AU - Taylor, Roscoe AD - Public and Environmental Health Service, Department of Health and Human Services, Tasmania. Sally.Munnoch@hunter.health.nsw.gov.au Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 521 EP - 527 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 1447-4514, 1447-4514 KW - Index Medicus KW - Gastroenteritis -- diagnosis KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Gastroenteritis -- epidemiology KW - Risk Assessment KW - Age Distribution KW - Tasmania -- epidemiology KW - Food Microbiology KW - Confidence Intervals KW - Incidence KW - Adolescent KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Food Services KW - Male KW - Hepatitis A -- diagnosis KW - Foodborne Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Food Contamination KW - Foodborne Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Hepatitis A -- epidemiology KW - Disease Outbreaks UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67252321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communicable+diseases+intelligence+quarterly+report&rft.atitle=A+multi-jurisdictional+outbreak+of+hepatitis+A+related+to+a+youth+camp--implications+for+catering+operations+and+mass+gatherings.&rft.au=Munnoch%2C+Sally+A%3BAshbolt%2C+Rosie+H%3BColeman%2C+David+J%3BWalton%2C+Nerissa%3BBeers-Deeble%2C+Mary+Y%3BTaylor%2C+Roscoe&rft.aulast=Munnoch&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=521&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Communicable+diseases+intelligence+quarterly+report&rft.issn=14474514&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-31 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structuring a multi-site evaluation for youth mentoring programs to prevent teen alcohol and drug use. AN - 67218374; 15638219 AB - Despite mentoring's rapidly increasing popularity as an intervention for the prevention of teen alcohol and drug abuse and associated problems, there is little research consensus on its overall effectiveness or on the core principles and components that define effective mentoring. To advance knowledge concerning this important prevention intervention, the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention has designed and funded a multi-site cooperative agreement involving seven mentoring programs. The programs are designed to provide a rigorous outcome evaluation that allows comparisons of differing approaches to organizing and delivering mentoring services to adolescents at high risk for substance abuse. The cooperative agreement guidelines set service parameters and options that focus on issues that are grounded in past research on mentoring prevention interventions. The cooperative agreement includes a quasi-experimental, longitudinal multi-site evaluation that provides evidence-based recommendations to advance the effective use of mentoring as a prevention strategy. JF - Journal of drug education AU - Bellamy, Nikki D AU - Springer, U Fred AU - Sale, Elizabeth W AU - Espiritu, Rachele C AD - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. nikki.bellamy@samhsa.hhs.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 197 EP - 212 VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 0047-2379, 0047-2379 KW - Index Medicus KW - Program Evaluation -- methods KW - Humans KW - Adolescent KW - Community Participation -- methods KW - Alcohol Drinking -- prevention & control KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Mentors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67218374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+drug+education&rft.atitle=Structuring+a+multi-site+evaluation+for+youth+mentoring+programs+to+prevent+teen+alcohol+and+drug+use.&rft.au=Bellamy%2C+Nikki+D%3BSpringer%2C+U+Fred%3BSale%2C+Elizabeth+W%3BEspiritu%2C+Rachele+C&rft.aulast=Bellamy&rft.aufirst=Nikki&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+drug+education&rft.issn=00472379&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-03 N1 - Date created - 2005-01-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sample size for identifying differentially expressed genes in microarray experiments. AN - 67167332; 15579240 AB - Microarray technology allows simultaneous comparison of expression levels of thousands of genes under each condition. This paper concerns sample size calculation in the identification of differentially expressed genes between a control and a treated sample. In a typical experiment, only a fraction of genes (altered genes) is expected to be differentially expressed between two samples. Sample size determination depends on a number of factors including the specified significance level (alpha), the desired statistical power (1-beta), the fraction (eta) of truly altered genes out of the total g genes studied, and the effect sizes (Delta) for the altered genes. This paper proposes a method to calculate the number of arrays required to detect at least 100lambda % (where 0 < lambda < or = 1) of the truly altered genes under the model of an equal effect size for all altered genes. The required numbers of arrays are tabulated for various values of alpha, beta, Delta, eta, and lambda for the one-sample and two-sample t-tests for g = 10,000. Based on the proposed approach, to identify up to 90% of truly altered genes among the unknown number of truly altered genes, the estimated numbers of arrays needed appear to be manageable. For instance, when the standardized effect size is at least 2.0, the number of arrays needed is less than or equal to 14 for the two-sample t-test and is less than or equal to 10 for the one-sample t-test. As the cost per array declines, such array numbers become practical. The proposed method offers a simple, intuitive, and practical way to determine the number of arrays needed in microarray experiments in which the true correlation structure among the genes under investigation cannot be reasonably assumed. An example dataset is used to illustrate the use of the proposed approach to plan microarray experiments. JF - Journal of computational biology : a journal of computational molecular cell biology AU - Wang, Sue-Jane AU - Chen, James J AD - Division of Biometrics II, Office of Biostatistics, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. wangs@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 714 EP - 726 VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 1066-5277, 1066-5277 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Toxicogenetics -- statistics & numerical data KW - Kidney -- metabolism KW - Computer Simulation KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Models, Statistical KW - Sample Size KW - Computational Biology KW - RNA, Messenger -- genetics KW - Monte Carlo Method KW - Gene Expression Profiling -- statistics & numerical data KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67167332?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+computational+biology+%3A+a+journal+of+computational+molecular+cell+biology&rft.atitle=Sample+size+for+identifying+differentially+expressed+genes+in+microarray+experiments.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Sue-Jane%3BChen%2C+James+J&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Sue-Jane&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+computational+biology+%3A+a+journal+of+computational+molecular+cell+biology&rft.issn=10665277&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cosmic radiation exposure and cancer risk among flight crew. AN - 67155545; 15581056 AB - Nearly 20 epidemiologic or related studies of cancer incidence and mortality have been published during or since 2000, with several reporting increased risks of female breast cancer among flight attendants and melanoma among both pilots and cabin crew. Occasionally, excesses of other cancers have been observed, but not consistently. Although the real causes of these excess cancer risks are not known, there is concern that they may be related to occupational exposures to ionizing radiation of cosmic origin. It is possible that confounding risk factors may partially or totally explain the observed relationships, but several investigations are beginning to address lack of past adjustment for reproductive factors and sun exposure with improved study designs. With progress in aviation technology, planes will fly longer and at higher altitudes, and presumably the number of flights and passengers will increase. To respond responsibly to the real and perceived risks associated with flying, more extensive data are needed, but special efforts should be considered to ensure new projects can genuinely add to our current knowledge. JF - Cancer investigation AU - Sigurdson, Alice J AU - Ron, Elaine AD - Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7238, USA. sigurdsa@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 743 EP - 761 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 0735-7907, 0735-7907 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Aviation KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- etiology KW - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Aerospace Medicine -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Cosmic Radiation -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67155545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+investigation&rft.atitle=Cosmic+radiation+exposure+and+cancer+risk+among+flight+crew.&rft.au=Sigurdson%2C+Alice+J%3BRon%2C+Elaine&rft.aulast=Sigurdson&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=743&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+investigation&rft.issn=07357907&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blackberry extracts inhibit activating protein 1 activation and cell transformation by perturbing the mitogenic signaling pathway. AN - 67140420; 15572301 AB - Blackberries are natural rich sources of bioflavonoids and phenolic compounds that are commonly known as potential chemopreventive agents. Here, we investigated the effects of fresh blackberry extracts on proliferation of cancer cells and neoplastic transformation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), as well as the underlying mechanisms of signal transduction pathways. Using electron spin resonance, we found that blackberry extract is an effective scavenger of free radicals, including hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. Blackberry extract inhibited the proliferation of a human lung cancer cell line, A549. Pretreatment of A549 cells with blackberry extract resulted in an inhibition of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. Blackberry extract decreased TPA-induced neoplastic transformation of JB6 P+ cells. Pretreatment of JB6 cells with blackberry extract resulted in the inhibition of both UVB- and TPA-induced AP-1 transactivation. Furthermore, blackberry extract also blocked UVB- or TPA-induced phosphorylation of ERKs and JNKs, but not p38 kinase. Overall, these results indicated that an extract from fresh blackberry may inhibit tumor promoter-induced carcinogenesis and associated cell signaling, and suggest that the chemopreventive effects of fresh blackberry may be through its antioxidant properties by blocking reactive oxygen species-mediated AP-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. JF - Nutrition and cancer AU - Feng, Rentian AU - Bowman, Linda L AU - Lu, Yongju AU - Leonard, Stephen S AU - Shi, Xianglin AU - Jiang, Bing-Hua AU - Castranova, Vince AU - Vallyathan, Val AU - Ding, Min AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Helath Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 80 EP - 89 VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 0163-5581, 0163-5581 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Plant Extracts KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases KW - EC 2.7.12.2 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Index Medicus KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- toxicity KW - Humans KW - Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases -- drug effects KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Signal Transduction KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases -- metabolism KW - Plant Extracts -- pharmacology KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Transcription Factor AP-1 -- metabolism KW - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic -- drug effects KW - Fruit -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67140420?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nutrition+and+cancer&rft.atitle=Blackberry+extracts+inhibit+activating+protein+1+activation+and+cell+transformation+by+perturbing+the+mitogenic+signaling+pathway.&rft.au=Feng%2C+Rentian%3BBowman%2C+Linda+L%3BLu%2C+Yongju%3BLeonard%2C+Stephen+S%3BShi%2C+Xianglin%3BJiang%2C+Bing-Hua%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BVallyathan%2C+Val%3BDing%2C+Min&rft.aulast=Feng&rft.aufirst=Rentian&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=80&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nutrition+and+cancer&rft.issn=01635581&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-08 N1 - Date created - 2004-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regulatory advice on evaluation of the proarrhythmic potential of drugs. AN - 67065048; 15534791 JF - Journal of electrocardiology AU - Stockbridge, Norman AU - Throckmorton, Douglas C AD - US Food and Drug Administration, DA, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. stockbridgen@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 40 EP - 41 VL - 37 Suppl SN - 0022-0736, 0022-0736 KW - Ion Channels KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Canada KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Ion Channels -- drug effects KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Electrocardiography -- drug effects KW - Drug Evaluation KW - Arrhythmias, Cardiac -- chemically induced KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Drug and Narcotic Control -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67065048?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+electrocardiology&rft.atitle=Regulatory+advice+on+evaluation+of+the+proarrhythmic+potential+of+drugs.&rft.au=Stockbridge%2C+Norman%3BThrockmorton%2C+Douglas+C&rft.aulast=Stockbridge&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=37+Suppl&rft.issue=&rft.spage=40&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+electrocardiology&rft.issn=00220736&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-03-03 N1 - Date created - 2004-11-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potential chemoprotective effects of the coffee components kahweol and cafestol palmitates via modification of hepatic N-acetyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase activities. AN - 66977896; 15468054 AB - Coffee drinking has been associated with reduced incidence of colorectal cancer, possibly via chemoprotection/modification of the metabolism of dietary heterocyclic amine carcinogens such as 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo-[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) by kahweol and cafestol palmitates (K/C), two components of unfiltered coffee. Using the PhIP-exposed male Fisher F344 rat as a model, K/C have been shown to reduce colonic PhIP-DNA adducts by > 50%. We have used the male F344 rat to investigate the effects of dietary K/C (0.02-0.2% as a 1:1 mixture) on the metabolism of PhIP by N-acetyltransferase- (NAT), sulfotransferase- (SULT), and glutathione-dependent pathways. K/C decreased hepatic NAT-dependent PhIP activation by up to 80% in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity/expression increased, e.g., 3-4 fold toward 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (total activity), up to 23-fold toward 4-vinylpyridine (rGSTP1), and approximately 7-fold for rGSTA2 protein. These effects had fully developed after 5 days of the test diet and persisted for at least 5 days after withdrawal of K/C. Hepatic glutathione increased two- to threefold and this increase was more short-lived than other changes. K/C did not modify hepatic SULT activity or colon NAT and GST activities. Benzylisothiocyanate and black tea, which have also been shown to reduce the formation of PhIP-DNA adducts in this model, had little effect on hepatic NAT, SULT, GST, or GSH. In primary culture of rat hepatocytes, both kahweol and cafestol palmitates reduced NAT activity by 80%. In summary, the unique potential of K/C to convert rapid acetylators to a slow acetylator phenotype, accompanied by GST induction, might contribute to chemoprevention against cancers associated with heterocyclic amines. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Huber, Wolfgang W AU - Teitel, Candee H AU - Coles, Brian F AU - King, Roberta S AU - Wiese, Frederick W AU - Kaderlik, Keith R AU - Casciano, Daniel A AU - Shaddock, Joseph G AU - Mulder, Gerard J AU - Ilett, Kenneth F AU - Kadlubar, Fred F AD - Division of Molecular Epidemiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. wolfgang.huber@meduniwien.ac.at Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 265 EP - 276 VL - 44 IS - 4 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Coffee KW - DNA Adducts KW - Diterpenes KW - Imidazoles KW - Isothiocyanates KW - Tea KW - kahweol KW - 6894-43-5 KW - cafestol palmitate KW - 81760-46-5 KW - benzyl isothiocyanate KW - 871J6YOR8Q KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Acetyltransferases KW - EC 2.3.1.- KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Isothiocyanates -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Coffee -- chemistry KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Colon -- enzymology KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Tea -- chemistry KW - Time Factors KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - Diterpenes -- pharmacology KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Acetyltransferases -- metabolism KW - Imidazoles -- metabolism KW - Glutathione Transferase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66977896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Potential+chemoprotective+effects+of+the+coffee+components+kahweol+and+cafestol+palmitates+via+modification+of+hepatic+N-acetyltransferase+and+glutathione+S-transferase+activities.&rft.au=Huber%2C+Wolfgang+W%3BTeitel%2C+Candee+H%3BColes%2C+Brian+F%3BKing%2C+Roberta+S%3BWiese%2C+Frederick+W%3BKaderlik%2C+Keith+R%3BCasciano%2C+Daniel+A%3BShaddock%2C+Joseph+G%3BMulder%2C+Gerard+J%3BIlett%2C+Kenneth+F%3BKadlubar%2C+Fred+F&rft.aulast=Huber&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=265&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-27 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA drug approval summaries: pemetrexed (Alimta). AN - 66967562; 15477632 AB - The purpose of this report is to summarize information on pemetrexed (LY231514; MTA; Alimta; Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis, IN), a drug recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The review of the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed is summarized below. Pemetrexed is a pyrrolopyrimidine antifolate. It inhibits thymidylate synthase, glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase, and dihydrofolate reductase. In a single, randomized, single-blind, multicenter phase III trial, the efficacy and safety of pemetrexed combined with cisplatin (Platinol; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Princeton, NJ) were compared with those of single-agent cisplatin in 448 patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Two hundred twenty-six patients were randomized to receive pemetrexed and cisplatin, while 222 patients were randomized to receive cisplatin alone. The primary study end point was survival. Median survival times were 12.1 months for the pemetrexed plus cisplatin treated arm and 9.3 months for the cisplatin alone arm. Pemetrexed causes myelosuppression. The most common adverse events were neutropenia, fatigue, leukopenia, nausea, dyspnea, and vomiting. On February 4, 2004, pemetrexed was approved by the FDA in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma whose disease is unresectable or who are otherwise not candidates for curative surgery. The recommended dose of pemetrexed is 500 mg/m(2) administered as an i.v. infusion over 10 minutes on day 1 of each 21-day cycle together with cisplatin at a dose of 75 mg/m(2) infused over 2 hours beginning 30 minutes after the pemetrexed infusion. Patients must receive oral folic acid and vitamin B(12) injections prior to the start of therapy and continue these during therapy to reduce severe toxicities. Patients should also receive corticosteroids with chemotherapy to reduce the risk of skin rashes. Approval was based on superior survival as a clinical benefit. JF - The oncologist AU - Hazarika, Maitreyee AU - White, Robert M AU - Johnson, John R AU - Pazdur, Richard AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, HFD-150, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. HazarikaM@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 482 EP - 488 VL - 9 IS - 5 SN - 1083-7159, 1083-7159 KW - Adrenal Cortex Hormones KW - 0 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - Glutamates KW - Pemetrexed KW - 04Q9AIZ7NO KW - Guanine KW - 5Z93L87A1R KW - Folic Acid KW - 935E97BOY8 KW - Vitamin B 12 KW - P6YC3EG204 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Adrenal Cortex Hormones -- therapeutic use KW - Infusions, Intravenous KW - Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic KW - Humans KW - Vitamin B 12 -- administration & dosage KW - Folic Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Mesothelioma -- drug therapy KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Guanine -- adverse effects KW - Glutamates -- pharmacology KW - Drug Approval KW - Guanine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Glutamates -- therapeutic use KW - Glutamates -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Guanine -- pharmacology KW - Guanine -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66967562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+oncologist&rft.atitle=FDA+drug+approval+summaries%3A+pemetrexed+%28Alimta%29.&rft.au=Hazarika%2C+Maitreyee%3BWhite%2C+Robert+M%3BJohnson%2C+John+R%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Hazarika&rft.aufirst=Maitreyee&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=482&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+oncologist&rft.issn=10837159&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and characterization of a lipopeptide produced by Bacillus thuringiensis CMB26. AN - 66966054; 15479409 AB - To isolate an antagonist for use in the biological control of phytopathogenic fungi including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, then to purify and characterize the biocontrol agent produced by the antagonist. Bacteria that exhibited antifungal activity against the causative agent pepper anthracnose were isolated from soil, with Bacillus thuringiensis CMB26 showing the strongest activity. A lipopeptide produced by B. thuringiensis CMB26 was precipitated by adjusting the pH 2 with 3 n HCl and extracted using chloroform/methanol (2:1, v/v) and reversed-phase HPLC. The molecular weight was estimated as 1447 Da by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Scanning electron and optical microscopies showed that the lipopeptide has activity against Escherichia coli O157:ac88, larvae of the cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae crucivora) and phytopathogenic fungi. The lipopeptide had cyclic structure and the amino acid composition was L-Glu, D-Orn, L-Tyr, D-allo-Thr, D-Ala, D-Val, L-Pro, and L-Ile in a molar ratio of 3:1:2:1:1:2:1:1. The purified lipopeptide showed the same amino acid composition as fengycin, but differed slightly in fatty acid composition, in which the double bond was at carbons 13-14 (m/z 303, 316) and there was no methyl group. A lipopeptide was purified and characterized from B. thuringiensis CMB26 and found to be similar to the lipopeptide fengycin. This lipopeptide can function as a biocontrol agent, and exhibits fungicidal, bactericidal, and insecticidal activity. Compared with surfactin and iturin, the lipopeptide from B. thuringiensis CMB26 showed stronger antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi. This lipopeptide is a candidate for the biocontrol of pathogens in agriculture. JF - Journal of applied microbiology AU - Kim, P I AU - Bai, H AU - Bai, D AU - Chae, H AU - Chung, S AU - Kim, Y AU - Park, R AU - Chi, Y-T AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 942 EP - 949 VL - 97 IS - 5 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Anti-Infective Agents KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - Fatty Acids KW - Insecticides KW - Index Medicus KW - Soil Microbiology KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- isolation & purification KW - Amino Acids -- analysis KW - Insecticides -- chemistry KW - Colletotrichum -- drug effects KW - Insecticides -- isolation & purification KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- pharmacology KW - Anti-Infective Agents -- chemistry KW - Insecticides -- pharmacology KW - Fatty Acids -- analysis KW - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning KW - Pest Control, Biological -- methods KW - Bacterial Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Bacterial Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Bacterial Proteins -- chemistry KW - Bacillus thuringiensis -- classification KW - Mitosporic Fungi -- drug effects KW - Bacillus thuringiensis -- metabolism KW - Antibiosis KW - Bacterial Proteins -- isolation & purification KW - Bacillus thuringiensis -- genetics KW - Mitosporic Fungi -- ultrastructure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66966054?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+microbiology&rft.atitle=Purification+and+characterization+of+a+lipopeptide+produced+by+Bacillus+thuringiensis+CMB26.&rft.au=Kim%2C+P+I%3BBai%2C+H%3BBai%2C+D%3BChae%2C+H%3BChung%2C+S%3BKim%2C+Y%3BPark%2C+R%3BChi%2C+Y-T&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=942&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-02 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mapping of chemical trigger zones for reward. AN - 66946653; 15464137 AB - Addictive drugs are thought to activate brain circuitry that normally mediates more natural rewards such as food or water. Drugs activate this circuitry at synaptic junctions within the brain; identifying the junctions at which this occurs provides clues to the neurochemical and anatomical characteristics of the circuitry. One approach to identifying the junctions at which drugs interact with this circuitry is to determine if animals will lever-press for site-specific microinjections of addictive drugs. This approach has identified GABAergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and cholinergic trigger zones within meso-corticolimbic circuitry important for natural reward function. JF - Neuropharmacology AU - Ikemoto, Satoshi AU - Wise, Roy A AD - Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. sikemoto@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 190 EP - 201 VL - 47 Suppl 1 SN - 0028-3908, 0028-3908 KW - Excitatory Amino Acids KW - 0 KW - Muscarinic Agonists KW - Neurotransmitter Agents KW - gamma-Aminobutyric Acid KW - 56-12-2 KW - Carbachol KW - 8Y164V895Y KW - Acetylcholine KW - N9YNS0M02X KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Delivery Systems KW - Acetylcholine -- administration & dosage KW - Dopamine -- pharmacology KW - Excitatory Amino Acids -- administration & dosage KW - gamma-Aminobutyric Acid -- pharmacology KW - Acetylcholine -- pharmacology KW - gamma-Aminobutyric Acid -- administration & dosage KW - Dopamine -- administration & dosage KW - Rats KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Self Administration KW - Neurotransmitter Agents -- pharmacology KW - Muscarinic Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Excitatory Amino Acids -- pharmacology KW - Ventral Tegmental Area KW - Carbachol -- pharmacology KW - Brain Mapping -- methods KW - Reward KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- pathology KW - Brain -- anatomy & histology KW - Brain -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66946653?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuropharmacology&rft.atitle=Mapping+of+chemical+trigger+zones+for+reward.&rft.au=Ikemoto%2C+Satoshi%3BWise%2C+Roy+A&rft.aulast=Ikemoto&rft.aufirst=Satoshi&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=47+Suppl+1&rft.issue=&rft.spage=190&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuropharmacology&rft.issn=00283908&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-12-20 N1 - Date created - 2004-10-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selecting appropriate animal models and experimental designs for endocrine disruptor research and testing studies. AN - 66924754; 15454677 AB - Evidence that chemicals in the environment may cause developmental and reproductive abnormalities in fish and wildlife by disrupting normal endocrine functions has increased concern about potential adverse human health effects from such chemicals. US laws have now been enacted that require the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to develop and validate a screening program to identify chemicals in food and water with potential endocrine-disrupting activity. EPA subsequently proposed an Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program that uses in vitro and in vivo test systems to identify chemicals that may adversely affect humans and ecologically important animal species. However, the endocrine system can be readily modulated by many experimental factors, including diet and the genetic background of the selected animal strain or stock. It is therefore desirable to minimize or avoid factors that cause or contribute to experimental variation in endocrine disruptor research and testing studies. Standard laboratory animal diets contain high and variable levels of phytoestrogens, which can modulate physiologic and behavioral responses similar to both endogenous estrogen as well as exogenous estrogenic chemicals. Other studies have determined that some commonly used outbred mice and rats are less responsive to estrogenic substances than certain inbred mouse and rat strains for various estrogen-sensitive endpoints. It is therefore critical to select appropriate biological models and diets for endocrine disruptor studies that provide optimal sensitivity and specificity to accomplish the research or testing objectives. An introduction is provided to 11 other papers in this issue that review these and other important laboratory animal experimental design considerations in greater detail, and that review laboratory animal and in vitro models currently being used or evaluated for endocrine disruptor research and testing. Selection of appropriate animal models and experimental design parameters for endocrine disruptor research and testing will minimize confounding experimental variables, increase the likelihood of replicable experimental results, and contribute to more reliable and relevant test systems. JF - ILAR journal AU - Stokes, William S AD - US Public Health Service, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 387 EP - 393 VL - 45 IS - 4 SN - 1084-2020, 1084-2020 KW - Hormone Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - United States Environmental Protection Agency KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Endocrine Glands -- physiopathology KW - Endocrine Glands -- drug effects KW - Hormone Antagonists -- toxicity KW - Toxicity Tests -- methods KW - Endocrine Glands -- pathology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66924754?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ILAR+journal&rft.atitle=Selecting+appropriate+animal+models+and+experimental+designs+for+endocrine+disruptor+research+and+testing+studies.&rft.au=Stokes%2C+William+S&rft.aulast=Stokes&rft.aufirst=William&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=ILAR+journal&rft.issn=10842020&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-07-05 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Naltrexone and pharmacy benefit management. AN - 66829959; 15339711 AB - Naltrexone was approved by the FDA in 1994 for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Despite the potential to make treatment more effective and accessible, naltrexone use remains low by almost any measure. While many of the factors responsible for the slow pace of diffusion are unique to naltrexone and to the organization and delivery of alcohol treatment services, other factors are the same as those that affect the use of prescription medications more generally. Access to third-party coverage and formulary inclusion are necessary conditions for the adoption and diffusion of any new pharmaceutical technology. This paper describes current issues in drug benefit design and formulary coverage decisions, reviews publicly available information on naltrexone coverage by large health insurance programs and pharmaceutical benefit management companies, and examines whether drug benefit design constitutes a barrier to naltrexone use. Our review suggests that naltrexone is widely covered on public and private health plan formularies, though restrictions on use (i.e., quantity limits, prior authorization) are common. JF - Journal of addictive diseases AU - Harris, Katherine M AU - Thomas, Cindy AD - The Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. kharris@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 11 EP - 29 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 1055-0887, 1055-0887 KW - Narcotic Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Naltrexone KW - 5S6W795CQM KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Formularies as Topic KW - Health Policy KW - Health Services Accessibility KW - Public Sector KW - Private Sector KW - Naltrexone -- economics KW - Narcotic Antagonists -- therapeutic use KW - Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Narcotic Antagonists -- economics KW - Alcoholism -- drug therapy KW - Naltrexone -- therapeutic use KW - Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services -- economics KW - Insurance Coverage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66829959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+addictive+diseases&rft.atitle=Naltrexone+and+pharmacy+benefit+management.&rft.au=Harris%2C+Katherine+M%3BThomas%2C+Cindy&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+addictive+diseases&rft.issn=10550887&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-09-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of markers for the detection and treatment of lung cancer. AN - 66802562; 15322315 AB - The unacceptably high morbidity and mortality associated with the diagnosis of lung cancer mandates new approaches toward the early detection and treatment of this disease. Enhanced understanding of the molecular biology of the carcinogenic process is identifying many potential markers of risk of lung cancer occurrence as well as of poor prognosis. Identification of high risk populations who are at greatest risk of being diagnosed with and dying from lung cancer would allow delivery of more intensive screening and interventions to the individuals who are most likely to benefit from such strategies. This review examines the current status of markers of lung cancer risk, early detection, and prognosis, and their applicability to current standards of clinical care. JF - Disease markers AU - Vourlekis, Jason S AU - Szabo, Eva AD - Lung and Upper Aerodigestive Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 6130 Executive Blvd., Rm 2132, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 71 EP - 85 VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0278-0240, 0278-0240 KW - Biomarkers, Tumor KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Prognosis KW - Lung Neoplasms -- diagnosis KW - Biomarkers, Tumor -- analysis KW - Lung Neoplasms -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66802562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Disease+markers&rft.atitle=Use+of+markers+for+the+detection+and+treatment+of+lung+cancer.&rft.au=Vourlekis%2C+Jason+S%3BSzabo%2C+Eva&rft.aulast=Vourlekis&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Disease+markers&rft.issn=02780240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-02-09 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Whole-body vibration and postural stress among operators of construction equipment: a literature review. AN - 66767149; 15288559 AB - Operators of construction equipment perform various duties at work that expose them to a variety of risk factors that may lead to health problems. A few of the health hazards among operators of construction equipment are: (a) whole-body vibration, (b) awkward postural requirements (including static sitting), (c) dust, (d) noise, (e) temperature extremes, and (f) shift work. It has been suggested that operating engineers (OEs) are exposed to two important risk factors for the development of musculoskeletal disorders: whole-body vibration and non-neutral body postures. This review evaluates selected papers that have studied exposure to whole-body vibration and awkward posture among operators of mobile equipment. There have been only few studies that have specifically examined exposure of these risk factors among operators of construction equipment. Thus other studies from related industry and equipment were reviewed as applicable. In order to better understand whole-body vibration and postural stress among OEs, it is recommended that future studies are needed in evaluating these risk factors among OEs. JF - Journal of safety research AU - Kittusamy, N Kumar AU - Buchholz, Bryan AD - Spokane Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 315 E. Montgomery Ave., Spokane, WA 99207, USA. NFK8@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 255 EP - 261 VL - 35 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Equipment and Supplies KW - Posture KW - Vibration -- adverse effects KW - Stress, Physiological -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66767149?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.atitle=Whole-body+vibration+and+postural+stress+among+operators+of+construction+equipment%3A+a+literature+review.&rft.au=Kittusamy%2C+N+Kumar%3BBuchholz%2C+Bryan&rft.aulast=Kittusamy&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=255&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+safety+research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-21 N1 - Date created - 2004-08-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Spontaneous mutant frequency and mutation spectrum for gene A of phiX174 grown in E. coli. AN - 66745397; 15278916 AB - The use of transgenic targets for measuring mutant frequencies in mammalian tissue requires an estimate of the mutant frequency that results from recovery of the transgene in bacterial recovery systems. In this study, we have determined the spontaneous mutant frequency, estimated the mutation rate, and ascertained the mutation spectrum for gene A of phiX174 grown in E. coli strain CQ2 from 156 small independent cultures. The mutant frequency of 12 of the 156 cultures was 17 +/- 1.0 x 10(-6) and the estimated mutation rate per gene replication was 7.4 +/- 2.3 x 10(-6). The mutant frequency and spectrum from E. coli were not significantly different from that of solvent-treated embryonic mouse cells in culture, 19 +/- 0.5 x 10(-6) (Valentine CR et al. [2002]: Environ Mol Mutagen 39:55-68), indicating that those spontaneous mutants were primarily derived from E. coli. The E. coli spectrum was heavily weighted toward two major target sites (hot spots), 4225A-->G (56%) and 4218G-->A or C (20%). Four new target sites and one new mutational event were recovered by the gene A forward assay. A mutant spectrum from an expanded phage stock was also determined to assess the effects of propagating the virus. This mutant frequency was higher (6 x 10(-4)), contained more double mutants (15% compared to 0.6%), and had a significantly different spectrum from the spectrum for independent cultures (fewer A:T-->G:C and G:C-->C:G changes and more G:C-->A:T; P < 0.002). The E. coli mutation spectrum will be useful for determining the origin of gene A mutation in tissues of phiX174 transgenic mice. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Environmental and molecular mutagenesis AU - Raney, Jessica L AU - Delongchamp, Robert R AU - Valentine, Carrie R AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 119 EP - 127 VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0893-6692, 0893-6692 KW - Index Medicus KW - Bacteriophage phi X 174 -- genetics KW - Genes, Viral KW - Escherichia coli -- virology KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66745397?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Spontaneous+mutant+frequency+and+mutation+spectrum+for+gene+A+of+phiX174+grown+in+E.+coli.&rft.au=Raney%2C+Jessica+L%3BDelongchamp%2C+Robert+R%3BValentine%2C+Carrie+R&rft.aulast=Raney&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+and+molecular+mutagenesis&rft.issn=08936692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-16 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Agents in development for the management of cocaine abuse. AN - 66678246; 15233592 AB - Cocaine abuse is a serious health problem in many areas of the world, yet there are no proven effective medications for the treatment of cocaine dependence. Preclinical studies suggest that the reinforcing effect of cocaine that promotes its abuse is mediated by blockade of the presynaptic dopamine transporter. This results in increased dopamine activity in the mesolimbic or meso-accumbens dopamine reward system of brain. Development of new medications to treat cocaine dependence has focused on manipulation of this dopamine system, either by direct action on dopamine binding sites (transporter or receptors) or indirectly by affecting other neurotransmitter systems that modulate the dopamine system. In principle, a medication could act via one of three mechanisms: (i) as a substitute for cocaine by producing similar dopamine effects; (ii) as a cocaine antagonist by blocking the binding of cocaine to the dopamine transporter; or (iii) as a modulator of cocaine effects by acting at other than the cocaine binding site. The US National Institute on Drug Abuse has a Clinical Research Efficacy Screening Trial (CREST) programme to rapidly screen existing medications. CREST identified four medications warranting phase II controlled clinical trials: cabergoline, reserpine, sertraline and tiagabine. In addition, disulfiram and selegiline (deprenyl) have been effective and well tolerated in phase II trials. However, selegiline was found ineffective in a recent phase III trial. Promising existing medications probably act via the first or third aforementioned mechanisms. Sustained-release formulations of stimulants such as methylphenidate and amfetamine (amphetamine) have shown promise in a stimulant substitution approach. Disulfiram and selegiline increase brain dopamine concentrations by inhibition of dopamine-catabolising enzymes (dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and monoamine oxidase B, respectively). Cabergoline is a direct dopamine receptor agonist, while reserpine depletes presynaptic stores of dopamine (as well as norepinephrine and serotonin). Sertraline, baclofen and vigabatrin indirectly reduce dopamine activity by increasing activity of neurotransmitters (serotonin and GABA) that inhibit dopamine activity. Promising new medications act via the second or third aforementioned mechanisms. Vanoxerine is a long-acting inhibitor of the dopamine transporter which blocks cocaine binding and reduces cocaine self-administration in animals. Two dopamine receptor ligands that reduce cocaine self-administration in animals are also undergoing phase I human safety trials. Adrogolide is a selective dopamine D(1) receptor agonist; BP 897 is a D(3) receptor partial agonist.A pharmacokinetic approach to treatment would block the entry of cocaine into the brain or enhance its catabolism so that less cocaine reached its site of action. This is being explored in animals using the natural cocaine-metabolising enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (or recombinant versions with enhanced capabilities), catalytic antibodies, and passive or active immunisation to produce anti-cocaine binding antibodies. A recent phase I trial of a "cocaine vaccine" found it to be well tolerated and producing detectable levels of anti-cocaine antibodies for up to 9 months after immunisation. JF - Drugs AU - Gorelick, David A AU - Gardner, Eliot L AU - Xi, Zheng-Xiong AD - Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. dgorelick@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1547 EP - 1573 VL - 64 IS - 14 SN - 0012-6667, 0012-6667 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Technology, Pharmaceutical -- methods KW - Humans KW - Disease Management KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- statistics & numerical data KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- drug therapy KW - Drug Delivery Systems -- methods KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66678246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drugs&rft.atitle=Agents+in+development+for+the+management+of+cocaine+abuse.&rft.au=Gorelick%2C+David+A%3BGardner%2C+Eliot+L%3BXi%2C+Zheng-Xiong&rft.aulast=Gorelick&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drugs&rft.issn=00126667&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-10-25 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Randomized controlled trials in systemic lupus erythematosus: what has been done and what do we need to do? AN - 66667894; 15230299 AB - The study of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a challenging undertaking. It is difficult to assess outcomes in SLE randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and this is illustrated by the lack of new therapies approved for use in lupus. In a disease that is waxing and waning, and requires constantly changing medications, identifying treatment effects of new therapies may be difficult, and the use of potentially toxic therapies requires a rigorous understanding of the benefit to risk ratio. Some issues that need to be considered by the investigator in designing these studies include: 1) should the trial focus on patients with active or inactive disease; 2) which of the measures of disease activity should be used or should prevention of flares be examined; 3) should the study focus on defined organ specific endpoints or utilize one of the available disease activity indices to identify changes in disease activity; 4) should the trial be a superiority trial or an equivalence trial. This review summarizes the critical issues involving the design of studies in lupus and provides the reader with suggestions and recommendations for consideration before embarking on trials in this area. JF - Lupus AU - Schiffenbauer, J AU - Simon, L S AD - Food and Drug Administration, CDER, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. schiffenbaue@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 398 EP - 405 VL - 13 IS - 5 SN - 0961-2033, 0961-2033 KW - Index Medicus KW - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic KW - Humans KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Research Design -- trends KW - Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic -- drug therapy KW - Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic -- therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/66667894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lupus&rft.atitle=Randomized+controlled+trials+in+systemic+lupus+erythematosus%3A+what+has+been+done+and+what+do+we+need+to+do%3F&rft.au=Schiffenbauer%2C+J%3BSimon%2C+L+S&rft.aulast=Schiffenbauer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=398&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lupus&rft.issn=09612033&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2004-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - GEN T1 - America's Children in Brief: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2004. AN - 62112008; ED483228 AB - The first section of this report describes the context in which America's children live, such as changes in children's family settings and living arrangements. The report indicates that although the majority of children live with two married parents, 32 percent do not. In 2003, 23 percent of children lived with only their mothers, 5 percent lived with only their fathers, and 4 percent lived with neither of their parents. Among all U.S. children 15 percent had a parent who had not received a high school diploma. In 2002, 34 percent of children under 18 years old lived in areas that did not meet one or more of the Primary National Ambient Air Quality Standards, up significantly from 19 percent in 2001. The next four sections of the report focus on indicators of economic security, health, behavior and social environment, and education. Regarding economic security, the number of children living in families with incomes below their poverty threshold increased from 11.2 million in 2001 to 11.6 million in 2002. The health of the Nation's children continues to improve in many areas; however, there have been increases in obesity, infant mortality, and low birth weight. Victimization rates for juveniles as well as violent offending rates by juveniles have declined. High school advanced course-taking rates are at the highest levels in the past 20 years. 10 figures and a summary list of measures and indicators of child well-being. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 20 PB - Health Resources and Services Administration Information Center, 2070 Chain Bridge Road, Suite 450, Vienna, VA, 22182. Tel: 888-Ask-HRSA (Toll Free); e-mail: ask@hrsa.gov; Web site: http://childstats.gov. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Family Characteristics KW - Well Being KW - High Schools KW - Economics KW - Infant Mortality KW - Health KW - Children KW - Graduation Rate KW - Pollution KW - Social Environment UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62112008?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - Improving the Health of Adolescents & Young Adults: A Guide for States and Communities AN - 62071439; ED493428 AB - Adolescence represents a unique period in the life cycle. No longer children and not yet adults, adolescents make significant choices about their health and develop attitudes and health practices that impact their current safety and well-being. Those choices also often influence their risk for future serious chronic disease. Adolescence also presents an opportunity for encouraging healthy choices and pro social behaviors that will continue into adulthood. By investing in adolescent health today, America invests in the workforce, parents, and leaders of tomorrow. The national "Healthy People 2010" initiative presents a special opportunity to promote the health and well-being of adolescents. It is also an important element of the new prevention initiative--"Steps to a Healthier US"--from the US Department of Health and Human Services. Serving as a blueprint for improving the health of all Americans, "Healthy People 2010" has two overarching goals: (1) to increase quality and years of healthy life; and (2) to eliminate health disparities. This guide is a companion to "Healthy People 2010" and introduces objectives that are vital to the health of adolescents and young adults. It addresses issues such as unintentional injury, violence, substance use and mental health, reproductive health, prevention of chronic disease into adulthood, and mortality. A variety of strategies, tools, and guiding questions are introduced. Additional resources to help interested agencies develop programs and interventions that can prevent adolescent health problems are provided. Examples of various communities that have brought together different sectors of society to prioritize community action and that have developed mechanisms for implementing workable solutions are highlighted. A framework which agencies can utilize in assessing needs, establishing priorities, taking collective action, and measuring progress towards common goals is also presented. [For the companion publication, "Healthy People 2010," see ED443794.] AU - Brindis, Claire D. AU - Park, Jane M. AU - Valderrama, Teresa L. AU - Lee, Caron M. AU - Margolis, Rebecca AU - Kolbe, Lloyd J. AU - Achrekar, Angeli P. AU - Hannan, Casey AU - Anglin, Trina M. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 257 PB - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 200 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20201. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Community KW - Parents KW - Practitioners KW - Policymakers KW - Human Services KW - Public Health KW - Program Development KW - Quality of Life KW - Health Behavior KW - Young Adults KW - Community Involvement KW - Prosocial Behavior KW - Adolescents KW - Health Promotion UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62071439?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Worker health chartbook, 2004 T2 - DHHS (NIOSH) pubn. no. 2004-146 AN - 59981484; 2004-0903430 JF - United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 2004. AU - Sestito, John P AU - and others Y1 - 2004///0, PY - 2004 DA - 0, 2004 PB - United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) KW - United States -- Health conditions KW - Industrial hygiene -- United States -- Statistics KW - Industrial safety -- United States -- Statistics KW - Occupational diseases -- United States -- Statistics KW - Occupational mortality -- United States -- Statistics KW - United States -- Labor sector UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59981484?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=Sestito%2C+John+P%3Band+others&rft.aulast=Sestito&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Worker+health+chartbook%2C+2004&rft.title=Worker+health+chartbook%2C+2004&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/chartbook/pdfs/2004-136.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Nat Inst Occupational Safety and Health N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), chart(s), index(es), link(s), map(s), table(s) N1 - SuppNotes - 2d ed. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of bench crest performance at the Yellowstone Mine; a case study AN - 51783249; 2004-072465 AB - A case study is presented that relates statistical descriptions of joint sets to the distribution of local wedge failures along the crest of a catch bench at the Yellowstone Talc Mine. The fracture sets and bench width were mapped by teams of geological engineering students from Montana Tech under the direction of Dr. Mary MacLaughlin. The students analyzed the fracture data, conducted physical property tests, and used a beta version of a NIOSH program "Bwedge" to predict the distribution of surviving bench widths. In the course of this analysis the students developed evidence of software performance issues that, unfortunately, frustrated their analysis. These have now been addressed and a full analysis completed. The analysis confirms the validity of the student mapping program and provides insight into the effects of blasting and excavation practices on the bench. It also provides a tool for exploring the pattern of bench crest failure that would result from variations in both bench geometry and blasting practices. JF - Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Geology and Geotechnical Engineering AU - Whyatt, J AU - MacLaughlin, Mary M AU - Miller, S A2 - MacLaughlin, Mary M. A2 - McNearny, Richard L. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 149 EP - 163 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 39 KW - United States KW - silicates KW - mining KW - data processing KW - mapping KW - dolostone KW - Madison County Montana KW - excavations KW - Huckleberry Ridge Tuff KW - exploration KW - Cenozoic KW - fractures KW - sedimentary rocks KW - blasting KW - mining geology KW - talc KW - probability KW - Ennis Montana KW - faults KW - Yellowstone Mine KW - Ruby Mountains KW - failures KW - Bwedge computer program KW - Precambrian KW - statistical analysis KW - prediction KW - Montana KW - computer programs KW - Tertiary KW - benches KW - sheet silicates KW - carbonate rocks KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51783249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Symposium+on+Engineering+Geology+and+Geotechnical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+bench+crest+performance+at+the+Yellowstone+Mine%3B+a+case+study&rft.au=Whyatt%2C+J%3BMacLaughlin%2C+Mary+M%3BMiller%2C+S&rft.aulast=Whyatt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Symposium+on+Engineering+Geology+and+Geotechnical+Engineering&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 39th symposium on Engineering geology and geotechnical engineering N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sect. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #02957 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - benches; blasting; Bwedge computer program; carbonate rocks; Cenozoic; computer programs; data processing; dolostone; Ennis Montana; excavations; exploration; failures; faults; fractures; Huckleberry Ridge Tuff; Madison County Montana; mapping; mining; mining geology; Montana; Precambrian; prediction; probability; Ruby Mountains; sedimentary rocks; sheet silicates; silicates; statistical analysis; talc; Tertiary; United States; Yellowstone Mine ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of far-field shearing deformation on fracturing around an underground opening AN - 51782537; 2004-072478 AB - Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) are investigating the causes and mechanisms of roof failure in underground mines. It is expected that a better understanding of these causes and mechanisms will lead to better layout and support designs that will help prevent accidents and fatalities associated with fall of ground. Two numerical experiments were conducted by NIOSH researchers using the Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC) computer modeling program with a strain-softening continuum to simulate fracture zones. Two models, one of a round hole in a plate and one of a rectangular opening, were constructed and boundary conditions were applied to simulate far-field shear. The Particle Flow Code in Two Dimensions (PFC (super 2D) ) computer program was used to look at the effects of far-field shear in generating fractures around an underground opening, but these models are preliminary until boundary conditions, strengths, and stiffnesses are matched to the FLAC models. Results showed that shear zones propagated from the opposite corners of openings in directions that appeared to be determined by opening shape and far-field stress. Tensile failures also formed and extended away from these shear zones. The consistent direction of shear deformation with respect to far-field shear provides a plausible explanation for preferred directions of shear as seen in geologic environments. JF - Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Geology and Geotechnical Engineering AU - Larson, Mark K AU - White, B G AU - Iverson, S R A2 - MacLaughlin, Mary M. A2 - McNearny, Richard L. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 293 EP - 307 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 39 KW - Lagrangian analysis KW - mining KW - failures KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health KW - experimental studies KW - underground space KW - underground mining KW - strength KW - roof control KW - numerical analysis KW - stiffness KW - data processing KW - simulation KW - research KW - boundary conditions KW - rock mechanics KW - models KW - computer programs KW - fracture zones KW - design KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51782537?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Symposium+on+Engineering+Geology+and+Geotechnical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Effects+of+far-field+shearing+deformation+on+fracturing+around+an+underground+opening&rft.au=Larson%2C+Mark+K%3BWhite%2C+B+G%3BIverson%2C+S+R&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=&rft.spage=293&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Symposium+on+Engineering+Geology+and+Geotechnical+Engineering&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 39th symposium on Engineering geology and geotechnical engineering N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 18 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. sect. N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #02957 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - boundary conditions; computer programs; data processing; design; experimental studies; failures; fracture zones; Lagrangian analysis; mining; models; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; numerical analysis; research; rock mechanics; roof control; simulation; stiffness; strength; underground mining; underground space ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Large-scale shear tests of intact cemented rockfill AN - 51782331; 2004-072477 AB - Six 29.2-cm-wide by 29.2-cm-long by 61.6-cm-high (11.5- by 11.5- by 24.25-in) cemented rockfill samples were tested in shear at normal stresses ranging from 0.7 to 4.1 MPa (100 to 600 psi). Based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion, calculated apparent cohesion and apparent friction angle at peak shear stresses were 1.3 MPa (193 psi) and 35 degrees , respectively. At residual shear stresses, calculated apparent cohesion was 0.43 MPa (62 psi), and apparent friction angle was 35 degrees . The strength envelope at peak shear stresses represented intact cemented rockfill, while the envelope at the residual shear stresses represented cold joints within the cemented rockfill. JF - Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Geology and Geotechnical Engineering AU - Kockler, Mark AU - Larson, Mark K AU - Jung, S J A2 - MacLaughlin, Mary M. A2 - McNearny, Richard L. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 285 EP - 291 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 39 KW - Gillmore test machine KW - friction angles KW - shear strength KW - aggregate KW - moisture KW - cement materials KW - stress KW - samples KW - cemented rockfill KW - testing KW - shear tests KW - instruments KW - construction materials KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51782331?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Symposium+on+Engineering+Geology+and+Geotechnical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Large-scale+shear+tests+of+intact+cemented+rockfill&rft.au=Kockler%2C+Mark%3BLarson%2C+Mark+K%3BJung%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=Kockler&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=&rft.spage=285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Symposium+on+Engineering+Geology+and+Geotechnical+Engineering&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 39th symposium on Engineering geology and geotechnical engineering N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 2 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #02957 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aggregate; cement materials; cemented rockfill; construction materials; friction angles; Gillmore test machine; instruments; moisture; samples; shear strength; shear tests; stress; testing ER - TY - JOUR T1 - UDEC modeling of an underground opening in rock masses of varying quality AN - 51781181; 2004-072482 AB - This project involved modeling rock masses with varying Rock Mass Rating (RMR) values to determine the degree of instability that develops around an underground opening as a function of RMR. The modeling was performed using Itasca's UDEC distinct element software, which allows explicit modeling of blocks of rock and how they interact with each other. The analyses included three different orientations of the joint sets, four different joint spacings and three different values of joint strength, which combine for a total of 36 different combinations of model parameters. Two different modes of behavior were observed: local failure of area immediately surrounding the roof and sides of the opening, and deep-seated failure extending a large distance beyond the opening. Quantification of the size of the unstable area that developed provides numerical validation of empirical guidelines used in design of ground support and instrumented monitoring systems. JF - Proceedings of the Symposium on Engineering Geology and Geotechnical Engineering AU - Lasich, Tye J AU - MacLaughlin, Mary M AU - Brady, Thomas M A2 - MacLaughlin, Mary M. A2 - McNearny, Richard L. Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 353 EP - 358 PB - [publisher varies], [location varies] VL - 39 KW - rock masses KW - failures KW - discrete element analysis KW - monitoring KW - underground space KW - data processing KW - joints KW - excavations KW - rock mechanics KW - models KW - computer programs KW - fractures KW - style KW - instruments KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51781181?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Symposium+on+Engineering+Geology+and+Geotechnical+Engineering&rft.atitle=UDEC+modeling+of+an+underground+opening+in+rock+masses+of+varying+quality&rft.au=Lasich%2C+Tye+J%3BMacLaughlin%2C+Mary+M%3BBrady%2C+Thomas+M&rft.aulast=Lasich&rft.aufirst=Tye&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+Symposium+on+Engineering+Geology+and+Geotechnical+Engineering&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - 39th symposium on Engineering geology and geotechnical engineering N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2004-01-01 N1 - Number of references - 3 N1 - Document feature - illus. incl. 4 tables N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - #02957 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - computer programs; data processing; discrete element analysis; excavations; failures; fractures; instruments; joints; models; monitoring; rock masses; rock mechanics; style; underground space ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Profiling Mentally Disordered Prison Inmates: A Case Study in New Jersey AN - 21251511; 11624947 AB - This paper profiles the behavioral health and criminal justice characteristics of the universe of male special needs inmates (N = 2,715) in New Jersey prisons. Mentally disordered inmates were found to vary significantly and systematically in their treatment needs and their risks to the community. The lack of homogeneity within the mentally disordered inmate population suggests the need to classify need-risk clusters within the offender group, develop programs that respond to particular need-risk clusters, and match types of mentally disordered offenders to these specialized programs. Recommended is a cafeteria-style approach to treatment planning that recognizes the complexity of problem behaviors and the variation in the presentation of these problems. JF - Journal of Correctional Health Care AU - Wolff, Nancy AU - Maschi, Tina AU - Bjerklie, J R AD - Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning & Public Policy, Center for Mental Health Services & Criminal Justice Research; 30 College Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ 08520, nwolff@ihhcpar.rutgers.edu Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 5 EP - 29 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1078-3458, 1078-3458 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - prisons KW - case studies KW - judicial system KW - USA, New Jersey KW - Health care KW - mental disorders KW - R2 23010:General: Models, forecasting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21251511?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Correctional+Health+Care&rft.atitle=Profiling+Mentally+Disordered+Prison+Inmates%3A+A+Case+Study+in+New+Jersey&rft.au=Wolff%2C+Nancy%3BMaschi%2C+Tina%3BBjerklie%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Wolff&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=5&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Correctional+Health+Care&rft.issn=10783458&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F107834580401100102 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-15 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - judicial system; case studies; prisons; Health care; mental disorders; USA, New Jersey DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107834580401100102 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Concern over decreased training in embryology and developmental/reproductive toxicology AN - 21046241; 6025252 AB - No Abstract JF - Birth Defects Research Part B: Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology AU - Kimmel, Gary AU - Harris, Stephen AU - Tassinari, Melissa AU - Knudsen, Thomas AU - Cunny, Helen AU - Tyl, Rochelle AU - Carlton, Betsy AU - Holson, Joseph AU - Slikker, William AD - Kimmel and Associates, Silver Spring, Maryland, glk4@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 191 EP - 192 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 71 IS - 3 SN - 1542-9733, 1542-9733 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Congenital defects KW - Embryology KW - X 24490:Other UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21046241?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birth+Defects+Research+Part+B%3A+Developmental+and+Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Concern+over+decreased+training+in+embryology+and+developmental%2Freproductive+toxicology&rft.au=Kimmel%2C+Gary%3BHarris%2C+Stephen%3BTassinari%2C+Melissa%3BKnudsen%2C+Thomas%3BCunny%2C+Helen%3BTyl%2C+Rochelle%3BCarlton%2C+Betsy%3BHolson%2C+Joseph%3BSlikker%2C+William&rft.aulast=Kimmel&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=191&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Birth+Defects+Research+Part+B%3A+Developmental+and+Reproductive+Toxicology&rft.issn=15429733&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbdrb.20012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Congenital defects; Embryology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdrb.20012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Albumin enhanced morphometric image analysis in CLL AN - 20379693; 7760239 AB - BACKGROUND The heterogeneity of lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and blood film artifacts make morphologic subclassification of this disease difficult. METHODS We reviewed paired blood films prepared from ethylene-diamine-tetraacetic acid (ETDA) samples with and without bovine serum albumin (BSA) from 82 CLL patients. Group 1 adhered to NCCLS specifications for the preparations of EDTA blood films. Group 2 consisted of blood films containing EDTA and a 1:12 dilution of 22% BSA. Eight patients were selected for digital photomicroscopy and statistical analysis. Approximately 100 lymphocytes from each slide were digitally captured. RESULTS The mean cell area - standard error was 127.8 m2 - 1.42 for (n = 793) for group 1 versus 100.7 m2 - 1.39 (n = 831) for group 2. The nuclear area was 88.9 m2 - 0.85 for group 1 versus 76.4 m2 - 0.83 for group 2. For the nuclear transmittance, the values were 97.6 - 0.85 for group 1 and 104.1 - 0.83 for group 2. The nuclear:cytoplasmic ratios were 0.71 - 0.003 for group 1 and 0.78 - 0.003 for group 2. All differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS BSA addition results in the reduction of atypical lymphocytes and a decrease in smudge cells. BSA also decreases the lymphocyte area and nuclear area, whereas nuclear transmittance and nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio are increased. A standardized method of slide preparation would allow accurate interlaboratory comparison. The use of BSA may permit better implementation of the blood film-based subclassification of CLL and lead to a better correlation of morphology with cytogenetics and immunophenotyping. JF - Cytometry Part B AU - Lunning, Matthew A AU - Zenger, Vincent E AU - Dreyfuss, Ricardo AU - Stetler-Stevenson, Maryalice AU - Rick, Margaret E AU - White, Therese A AU - Wilson, Wyndham H AU - Marti, Gerald E AD - Flow and Image Cytometry Section, Laboratory Stem Cell Biology, Division of Cell and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Research and Evaluation, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, gemarti@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 7 EP - 14 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 57B IS - 1 SN - 1552-4949, 1552-4949 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Blood KW - Bovine serum albumin KW - Statistical analysis KW - Image processing KW - Slide preparation KW - Lymphocytes KW - Chronic lymphatic leukemia KW - Cytometry KW - Edetic acid KW - W 30910:Imaging UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20379693?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cytometry+Part+B&rft.atitle=Albumin+enhanced+morphometric+image+analysis+in+CLL&rft.au=Lunning%2C+Matthew+A%3BZenger%2C+Vincent+E%3BDreyfuss%2C+Ricardo%3BStetler-Stevenson%2C+Maryalice%3BRick%2C+Margaret+E%3BWhite%2C+Therese+A%3BWilson%2C+Wyndham+H%3BMarti%2C+Gerald+E&rft.aulast=Lunning&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=57B&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=7&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cytometry+Part+B&rft.issn=15524949&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fcyto.b.10059 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood; Chronic lymphatic leukemia; Lymphocytes; Statistical analysis; Edetic acid; Slide preparation; Image processing; Cytometry; Bovine serum albumin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.b.10059 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lack of hydroxyl radical generation upon central administration of methamphetamine in rat caudate nucleus: A microdialysis study AN - 20181618; 10263085 AB - The most widely accepted concept of oxidative damage centers on the formation of hydroxyl radical (OH) which has an extremely short-life and is the major damaging free radical. It was suggested that methamphetamine (METH) toxicity is mediated via production of OH, as measured by 2,3-dihydroxy-benzoic acid (2,3-DHBA). In this study we compared the effects of local caudate nucleus perfusion of METH with systemic administration of METH on OH generation in relation to DA release. Local perfusion of METH (5 mM,140 min) induced a higher level of dopamine (DA) release compared to the first METH injection (10 mg/kg, 3 times, i.p.). No significant correlation was found between changes in extracellular DA levels and OH generation when perfusing METH locally; however, both increased after systemic METH administration. JF - Neurotoxicity Research AU - Pereira, Frederico C AU - Macedo, Tice R AU - Imam, Syed Z AU - Ribeiro, Carlos F AU - Ali, Syed F AD - Neurochemistry Laboratory, Division of Neurotoxicology, HFT-132, NCTR/FDA, 72079 Jefferson, AR, USA, sali@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 149 EP - 152 PB - Taylor & Francis Group Ltd., 2 Park Square Milton Park, Abingdon Oxford OX14 4RN UK, [URL:http://www.taylorandfrancis.co.uk/] VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 1029-8428, 1029-8428 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; CSA Neurosciences Abstracts KW - Microdialysis KW - Methamphetamine KW - Dopamine KW - Perfusion KW - Free radicals KW - Neurotoxicity KW - Caudate nucleus KW - X 24380:Social Poisons & Drug Abuse KW - N3 11028:Neuropharmacology & toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20181618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicity+Research&rft.atitle=Lack+of+hydroxyl+radical+generation+upon+central+administration+of+methamphetamine+in+rat+caudate+nucleus%3A+A+microdialysis+study&rft.au=Pereira%2C+Frederico+C%3BMacedo%2C+Tice+R%3BImam%2C+Syed+Z%3BRibeiro%2C+Carlos+F%3BAli%2C+Syed+F&rft.aulast=Pereira&rft.aufirst=Frederico&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicity+Research&rft.issn=10298428&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF03033217 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Microdialysis; Methamphetamine; Perfusion; Dopamine; Free radicals; Neurotoxicity; Caudate nucleus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03033217 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Wnt 3a promotes proliferation and suppresses osteogenic differentiation of adult human mesenchymal stem cells AN - 19939330; 6084718 AB - Multipotential adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are able to differentiate along several known lineages, and lineage commitment is tightly regulated through specific cellular mediators and interactions. Recent observations of a low/high bone-mass phenotype in patients expressing a loss-/gain-of-function mutation in LRP5, a coreceptor of the Wnt family of signaling molecules, suggest the importance of Wnt signaling in bone formation, possibly involving MSCs. To analyze the role of Wnt signaling in mesenchymal osteogenesis, we have profiled the expression of WNTs and their receptors, FRIZZLEDs (FZDs), and several secreted Wnt inhibitors, such as SFRPs, and examined the effect of Wnt 3a, as a representative canonical Wnt member, during MSC osteogenesis in vitro. WNT11, FZD6, SFRP2, and SFRP3 are upregulated during MSC osteogenesis, while WNT9A and FZD7 are downregulated. MSCs also respond to exogenous Wnt 3a, based on increased [beta]-catenin nuclearization and activation of a Wnt-responsive promoter, and the magnitude of this response depends on the MSC differentiation state. Wnt 3a exposure inhibits MSC osteogenic differentiation, with decreased matrix mineralization and reduced alkaline phosphatase mRNA and activity. Wnt 3a treatment of fully osteogenically differentiated MSCs also suppresses osteoblastic marker gene expression. The Wnt 3a effect is accompanied by increased cell number, resulting from both increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis, particularly during expansion of undifferentiated MSCs. The osteo- suppressive effects of Wnt 3a are fully reversible, i.e. treatment prior to osteogenic induction does not compromise subsequent MSC osteogenesis. The results also showed that sFRP3 treatment attenuates some of the observed Wnt 3a effects on MSCs, and that inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling using a dominant negative TCF1 enhances MSC osteogenesis. Interestingly, expression of Wnt 5a, a non-canonical Wnt member, appeared to promote osteogenesis. Taken together, these findings suggest that canonical Wnt signaling functions in maintaining an undifferentiated, proliferating progenitor MSC population, whereas non-canonical Wnts facilitate osteogenic differentiation. Release from canonical Wnt regulation is a prerequisite for MSC differentiation. Thus, loss-/gain-of- function mutations of LRP5 would perturb Wnt signaling and depress/promote bone formation by affecting the progenitor cell pool. Elucidating Wnt regulation of MSC differentiation is important for their potential application in tissue regeneration. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - Journal of Cellular Biochemistry AU - Boland, Genevieve M AU - Perkins, Geraldine AU - Hall, David J AU - Tuan, Rocky S AD - Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, tuanr@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1210 EP - 1230 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 93 IS - 6 SN - 0730-2312, 0730-2312 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts KW - Wnt KW - mesenchymal stem cell KW - osteogenesis KW - LRP5 KW - frizzled KW - signaling KW - Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 KW - Apoptosis KW - Wnt protein KW - Cell number KW - Frizzled protein KW - Mineralization KW - LRP5 protein KW - Gene expression KW - Promoters KW - Differentiation KW - Osteoblasts KW - Stem cells KW - Alkaline phosphatase KW - Regeneration KW - Cell proliferation KW - Mesenchyme KW - Mutation KW - Signal transduction KW - Osteogenesis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - T 2025:Bone and Bone Diseases UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19939330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.atitle=Wnt+3a+promotes+proliferation+and+suppresses+osteogenic+differentiation+of+adult+human+mesenchymal+stem+cells&rft.au=Boland%2C+Genevieve+M%3BPerkins%2C+Geraldine%3BHall%2C+David+J%3BTuan%2C+Rocky+S&rft.aulast=Boland&rft.aufirst=Genevieve&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1210&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Cellular+Biochemistry&rft.issn=07302312&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjcb.20284 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1; Wnt protein; Apoptosis; Cell number; Frizzled protein; Mineralization; LRP5 protein; Gene expression; Osteoblasts; Differentiation; Promoters; Stem cells; Alkaline phosphatase; Regeneration; Mesenchyme; Cell proliferation; Mutation; Osteogenesis; Signal transduction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.20284 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Health related quality of life, environment, and regulation AN - 19934886; 6026312 AB - This article discusses prevalent and incident environmental events and how they might affect clinical trials. Inclusion of stratification by site and by event time is suggested as a possible method to remove some of the effects in the analysis. JF - Environmetrics AU - Lachenbruch, Peter A AD - FDA/CBER/Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, lachenbruch@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 409 EP - 414 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 15 IS - 5 SN - 1180-4009, 1180-4009 KW - Sustainability Science Abstracts; Human Population KW - environmental events KW - stratification KW - stratum by treatment interaction KW - Environmental impact KW - Stratification KW - Clinical trials KW - Public health KW - Quality of life KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - M1 125:Population Health-Environment Relations UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19934886?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmetrics&rft.atitle=Health+related+quality+of+life%2C+environment%2C+and+regulation&rft.au=Lachenbruch%2C+Peter+A&rft.aulast=Lachenbruch&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmetrics&rft.issn=11804009&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fenv.681 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Environmental impact; Stratification; Clinical trials; Quality of life; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/env.681 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Thermal modeling of lesion growth with radiofrequency ablation devices AN - 19476823; 7170124 AB - Background Temperature is a frequently used parameter to describe the predicted size of lesions computed by computational models. In many cases, however, temperature correlates poorly with lesion size. Although many studies have been conducted to characterize the relationship between time-temperature exposure of tissue heating to cell damage, to date these relationships have not been employed in a finite element model. Methods We present an axisymmetric two- dimensional finite element model that calculates cell damage in tissues and compare lesion sizes using common tissue damage and iso-temperature contour definitions. The model accounts for both temperature-dependent changes in the electrical conductivity of tissue as well as tissue damage-dependent changes in local tissue perfusion. The data is validated using excised porcine liver tissues. Results The data demonstrate the size of thermal lesions is grossly overestimated when calculated using traditional temperature isocontours of 42 degree C and 47 degree C. The computational model results predicted lesion dimensions that were within 5% of the experimental measurements. Conclusion When modeling radiofrequency ablation problems, temperature isotherms may not be representative of actual tissue damage patterns. JF - BioMedical Engineering OnLine AU - Chang, Isaac A AU - Nguyen, Uyen D AD - Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 PB - BioMed Central Ltd., Middlesex House 34-42 Cleveland Street London W1T 4LB UK, [mailto:info@biomedcentral.com], [URL:http://www.biomedcentral.com] VL - 3 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Article No. 27 KW - Temperature effects KW - Mathematical models KW - Perfusion KW - Electrical conductivity KW - Animal models KW - Liver KW - Cell culture KW - Isotherms KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19476823?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioMedical+Engineering+OnLine&rft.atitle=Thermal+modeling+of+lesion+growth+with+radiofrequency+ablation+devices&rft.au=Chang%2C+Isaac+A%3BNguyen%2C+Uyen+D&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BioMedical+Engineering+OnLine&rft.issn=1475-925X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1475-925X-3-27 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Temperature effects; Perfusion; Mathematical models; Electrical conductivity; Liver; Animal models; Cell culture; Isotherms DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-925X-3-27 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The contribution of focus groups in the evaluation of hearing conservation program (HCP) effectiveness AN - 19265130; 5843214 AB - Problem: Exclusive reliance on such practices as policy review, audiometric testing audits, and noise surveillance to evaluate the effectiveness of workplace hearing conservation programs (HCP) fails to capture the impact of these programs as experienced by workers at the 'shop floor' and offers little insight into the reasons and potential remedies for noted deficiencies. Methods: A qualitative approach for evaluating industrial HCPs (and their various components) is discussed using three industrial populations as case studies. For each study population, this paper illustrates how focus groups, comprised of line workers and supervisors, were used to clarify and augment information gathered through more traditional program assessments to provide a more enriched picture of hearing conservation practices. Descriptive data on plant hearing conservation program practices at each plant are presented with a comparison of proactive elements of each program relative to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Hearing Conservation Amendment (HCA) requirement and to internal plant policy. Results: Yearly program evaluation with input from all end-users is important in the process of hearing loss prevention. The qualitative assessment outlined in this paper serves as a basis for future quantitative assessments of HCP effectiveness using hearing threshold data and noise exposure assessments to examine changes in hearing levels as a function of noise exposure and other risk factors for hearing loss. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Prince, M M AU - Colligan, MJ AU - Stephenson, C M AU - Bischoff, B J AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Colombia Parkway, MSR 16, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, mprince@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 91 EP - 106 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - hearing conservation KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Occupational exposure KW - Noise levels KW - Hearing loss KW - Working conditions KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - P 7000:NOISE KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19265130?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=The+contribution+of+focus+groups+in+the+evaluation+of+hearing+conservation+program+%28HCP%29+effectiveness&rft.au=Prince%2C+M+M%3BColligan%2C+MJ%3BStephenson%2C+C+M%3BBischoff%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Prince&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=91&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2003.12.001 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Noise levels; Occupational exposure; Working conditions; Hearing loss DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2003.12.001 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Blasting injuries in surface mining with emphasis on flyrock and blast area security AN - 19263515; 5843205 AB - Problem: Blasting is a hazardous component of surface mining. Serious injuries and fatalities result from improper judgment or practice during rock blasting. This paper describes several fatal injury case studies, analyzes causative factors, and emphasizes preventive measures. Method: This study examines publications by MSHA, USGS, and other authors. The primary source of information was MSHA's injury-related publications. Results: During the 21- year period from 1978 to 1998, the mean yearly explosive-related injuries (fatal and nonfatal) for surface coal mines was 8.86 (95% CI: 6.38-11.33), and for surface metal/nonmetal mines 10.76 (95% CI: 8.39-13.14). Flyrock and lack of blast area security accounted for 68.2% of these injuries. This paper reviews several case studies of fatal injuries. Case studies indicate that the causative factors for fatal injuries are primarily personal and task-related and to some extent environmental. A reduction in the annual injuries in surface coal mines was observed during the 10-year period of 1989-1998 [5.80 (95% CI: 2.71-8.89) compared to the previous 10-year period of 1979-1988 [10.90 (95% CI: 7.77- 14.14)]. However, such reduction was not noticed in the metal/nonmetal sector (i.e. 9.30 [95% CI: 6.84-11.76] for the period 1989-1998 compared with 11.00 [95% CI: 7.11-14.89] for the period 1979-1988). Discussion: A multifaceted injury prevention approach consisting of behavioral/educational, administrative/regulatory, and engineering interventions merits consideration. Impact on industry: The mining community, especially the blasters, will find useful information on causative factors and preventive measures to mitigate injuries due to flyrock and lack of blast area security in surface blasting. Discussion of case studies during safety meetings will help to mitigate fatal injuries and derive important payoffs in terms of lower risks and costs of injuries. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Bajpayee, T S AU - Rehak, T R AU - Mowrey, G L AU - Ingram, D K AD - NIOSH Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236- 0070, USA, TBajpayee@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 47 EP - 57 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - blasting injuries KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - Economics KW - prevention KW - Mortality KW - Mining KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19263515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Blasting+injuries+in+surface+mining+with+emphasis+on+flyrock+and+blast+area+security&rft.au=Bajpayee%2C+T+S%3BRehak%2C+T+R%3BMowrey%2C+G+L%3BIngram%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Bajpayee&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2003.07.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Occupational safety; Economics; Injuries; Accidents; Mining; Mortality; prevention DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2003.07.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality among a cohort of uranium mill workers: an update AN - 19260136; 5840121 AB - Aims: To evaluate the mortality experience of 1484 men employed in seven uranium mills in the Colorado Plateau for at least one year on or after 1 January 1940. Methods: Vital status was updated through 1998, and life table analyses were conducted. Results: Mortality from all causes and all cancers was less than expected based on US mortality rates. A statistically significant increase in non-malignant respiratory disease mortality and non-significant increases in mortality from lymphatic and haematopoietic malignancies other than leukaemia, lung cancer, and chronic renal disease were observed. The excess in lymphatic and haematopoietic cancer mortality was due to an increase in mortality from lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma and Hodgkin's disease. Within the category of non-malignant respiratory disease, mortality from emphysema and pneumoconioses and other respiratory disease was increased. Mortality from lung cancer and emphysema was higher among workers hired prior to 1955 when exposures to uranium, silica, and vanadium were presumably higher. Mortality from these causes of death did not increase with employment duration. Conclusions: Although the observed excesses were consistent with our a priori hypotheses, positive trends with employment duration were not observed. Limitations included the small cohort size and limited power to detect a moderately increased risk for some outcomes of interest, the inability to estimate individual exposures, and the lack of smoking data. Because of these limitations, firm conclusions about the relation of the observed excesses in mortality and mill exposures are not possible. JF - Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Pinkerton, LE AU - Bloom, T F AU - Hein, MJ AU - Ward, E M AD - Epidemiology Section, Industrywide Studies Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, LPinkerton@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 57 EP - 64 VL - 61 IS - 1 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - man KW - epidemiology KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Respiratory diseases KW - Cancer KW - USA, Colorado KW - Radiation KW - Uranium KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19260136?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+among+a+cohort+of+uranium+mill+workers%3A+an+update&rft.au=Pinkerton%2C+LE%3BBloom%2C+T+F%3BHein%2C+MJ%3BWard%2C+E+M&rft.aulast=Pinkerton&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, Colorado; Occupational exposure; Uranium; Mortality; Respiratory diseases; Cancer; Radiation ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of a Multiplexed Fluorescent Covalent Microsphere Immunoassay and an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Measurement of Human Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Anthrax Toxins AN - 19235515; 5810327 AB - Recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported an accurate, sensitive, specific, reproducible, and quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA) in human serum (C. P. Quinn, V. A. Semenova, C. M. Elie et al., Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8:1103-1110, 2002). The ELISA had a minimum detectable concentration (MDC) of 0.06 mu g/ml, which, when dilution adjusted, yielded a whole-serum MDC of 3.0 mu g of anti-PA IgG per ml. The reliable detection limit (RDL) was 0.09 mu g/ml, while the dynamic range was 0.06 to 1.7 mu g/ml. The diagnostic sensitivity of the assay was 97.6% and the diagnostic specificity was 94.2% for clinically verified cases of anthrax. A competitive inhibition anti-PA IgG ELISA was also developed to enhance the diagnostic specificity to 100%. We report a newly developed fluorescence covalent microbead immunosorbent assay (FCMIA) for B. anthracis PA which was Luminex xMap technology. The FCMIA MDC was 0.006 mu g of anti-PA IgG per ml, the RDL was 0.016 mu g/ml, and the whole-serum equivalent MDC was 1.5 mu g/ml. The dynamic range was 0.006 to 6.8 mu g/ml. Using this system, we analyzed 20 serum samples for anti-PA IgG and compared our results to those measured by ELISA in a double-masked analysis. The two methods had a high positive correlation (r = 0.852; P < 0.001). The FCMIA appears to have benefits over the ELISA for the measurement of anti-PA IgG, including greater sensitivity and speed, enhanced dynamic range and reagent stability, the use of smaller sample volumes, and the ability to be multiplexed (measurement of more than one analyte simultaneously), as evidenced by the multiplexed measurement in the present report of anti-PA and anti-lethal factor IgG in serum from a confirmed clinical anthrax infection. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Biagini, R E AU - Sammons, D L AU - Smith, J P AU - MacKenzie, BA AU - Striley, CAF AU - Semenova, V AU - Steward-Clark, E AU - Stamey, K AU - Freeman, A E AU - Quinn, C P AU - Snawder, JE AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, Biomonitoring and Health Assessment Branch, Biological Monitoring Laboratory Section, CDC/NIOSH MS C-26, Robert A. Taft Laboratories, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, rbiagini@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 50 EP - 55 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 11 IS - 1 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - man KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Antibody response KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Toxins KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Anthrax KW - Immunoassays KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06720:ELISA UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19235515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+a+Multiplexed+Fluorescent+Covalent+Microsphere+Immunoassay+and+an+Enzyme-Linked+Immunosorbent+Assay+for+Measurement+of+Human+Immunoglobulin+G+Antibodies+to+Anthrax+Toxins&rft.au=Biagini%2C+R+E%3BSammons%2C+D+L%3BSmith%2C+J+P%3BMacKenzie%2C+BA%3BStriley%2C+CAF%3BSemenova%2C+V%3BSteward-Clark%2C+E%3BStamey%2C+K%3BFreeman%2C+A+E%3BQuinn%2C+C+P%3BSnawder%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=50&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.11.1.50-55.2004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bacillus anthracis; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Immunoglobulin G; Antibody response; Anthrax; Toxins; Immunoassays DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.11.1.50-55.2004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analytical, practical and regulatory issues in prevention studies AN - 19228382; 5805633 AB - Prevention studies, as distinguished from studies investigating treatments for established disease, present some distinct challenges. Perhaps the most extensive experience with preventive agents is in the area of infectious diseases; vaccines have been extremely effective in preventing many such diseases. Vaccines have been, and continue to be, studied in other disease areas such as certain cancers, but as yet have not achieved success outside of infectious disease prevention. One obvious and important feature of prevention studies is that they enrol healthy individuals; thus such studies require particularly high standards for the safety of those enrolled (and those who might ultimately receive the product being tested). Prevention studies often need to be quite large, as the types of diseases most important to prevent tend to be uncommon. Large studies usually require simplified approaches; to ensure high quality of data on the key variables it may be necessary to compromise on the amount of data collected, frequency of data collection, and other aspects of trial design. The reliability of randomization and blinding may be especially important in these large studies, as bias could easily overwhelm the small effects that are usually sought. Often, biomarkers thought to indicate developing but as yet subclinical disease, will be important to evaluate; whether such markers can serve as primary endpoints in prevention studies has been a contentious issue in many contexts. Studies in older populations, such as those at risk for Alzheimer's Disease, raise challenges such as accounting for competing risks, and considering potential interactions of preventive agents with multiple medications often used by the elderly. JF - Statistics in Medicine AU - Ellenberg, S S AD - Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM-210, Rockville, MD 20852, U.S.A., ellenberg@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 297 EP - 303 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 0277-6715, 0277-6715 KW - competing risks KW - Risk Abstracts KW - infectious diseases KW - vaccines KW - prevention KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19228382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Analytical%2C+practical+and+regulatory+issues+in+prevention+studies&rft.au=Ellenberg%2C+S+S&rft.aulast=Ellenberg&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=297&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Statistics+in+Medicine&rft.issn=02776715&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fsim.1717 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - vaccines; infectious diseases; prevention DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.1717 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantification of O-acetyl, N-acetyl and phosphate groups and determination of the extent of O-acetylation in bacterial vaccine polysaccharides by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with conductivity detection (HPAEC-CD) AN - 19209153; 5786377 AB - The O-acetyl groups in meningococcal A and typhoid Vi polysaccharides (PSs) are functional immunogenic epitopes in humans. To quantify and determine the extent of O-acetylation in these and other bacterial vaccine PSs, anion- exchange HPLC methods have been developed for quantification of O-acetyl, N-acetyl, and phosphate groups in the PSs after these groups were hydrolyzed into anions. The O-acetylation in meningococcal A, C, Y and W-135, pneumococcal 9V and 18C and typhoid Vi PSs were analyzed. The O-acetyl group was selectively released from a PS as acetate by mild alkaline hydrolysis in 10 or 20 mM NaOH at 37 degree C until maximum release. The acetate in the hydrolysate was then quantified by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with conductivity detection (HPAEC-CD) after removal of the PS by filtration with a 10, 000 molecular-weight-cut-off membrane. Since the extent of O-acetylation on the PSs depends on bacterial species, strains and growth conditions, the N-acetyl group of amino-sugars, phosphate or monosaccharide components of the PSs were also quantified using HPAEC with conductivity or amperometry detection to determine the molar ratios of the O-acetyl group to these components. The average numbers of O-acetyl molecules in one PS repeating unit of the PSs were obtained from the molar ratios. Besides the O-acetyl determination, the pyruvate component in non-O-acetylated pneumococcal type 4 PS was analyzed by the HPAEC method. The HPAEC method can quantify the O- acetyl content in 0.2 mu g of the meningococcal C PS and has a sensitivity at least 10 times higher than that of the colorimetric Hestrin assay. The method can be used for routine analysis of O-acetylation of PSs for quality control of vaccine PSs. JF - Vaccine AU - Kao, G AU - Tsai, C-M AD - Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike HFM-428, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, tsai@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 335 EP - 344 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann, 313 Washington St. Newton MA 02158 USA VL - 22 IS - 3-4 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - polysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Anion-exchange chromatography KW - Acetylation KW - Filtration KW - Streptococcus pneumoniae KW - Vaccines KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06807:Active immunization KW - A 01099:Bacteria and fungi UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19209153?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Quantification+of+O-acetyl%2C+N-acetyl+and+phosphate+groups+and+determination+of+the+extent+of+O-acetylation+in+bacterial+vaccine+polysaccharides+by+high-performance+anion-exchange+chromatography+with+conductivity+detection+%28HPAEC-CD%29&rft.au=Kao%2C+G%3BTsai%2C+C-M&rft.aulast=Kao&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3-4&rft.spage=335&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2003.08.008 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pneumoniae; Neisseria meningitidis; Anion-exchange chromatography; Acetylation; Vaccines; Filtration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.08.008 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Self-gated cardiac cine MRI AN - 19204249; 5795498 AB - The need for ECG gating presents many difficulties in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). Real-time imaging techniques eliminate the need for ECG gating in cine CMRI, but they cannot offer the spatial and temporal resolution provided by segmented acquisition techniques. Previous MR signal- based techniques have demonstrated an ability to provide cardiac gating information; however, these techniques result in decreased imaging efficiency. The purpose of this work was to develop a new "self-gated" (SG) acquisition technique that eliminates these efficiency deficits by extracting the motion synchronization signal directly from the same MR signals used for image reconstruction. Three separate strategies are proposed for deriving the SG signal from data acquired using radial k-space sampling: echo peak magnitude, kymogram, and 2D correlation. The SG techniques were performed on seven normal volunteers. A comparison of the results showed that they provided cine image series with no significant differences in image quality compared to that obtained with conventional ECG gating techniques. SG techniques represent an important practical advance in clinical MRI because they enable the acquisition of high temporal and spatial resolution cardiac cine images without the need for ECG gating and with no loss in imaging efficiency. JF - Magnetic Resonance in Medicine AU - Larson, A C AU - White, R D AU - Laub, G AU - McVeigh, E R AU - Li, D AU - Simonetti, O P AD - Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, larsona@nhlbi.nih.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 93 EP - 102 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK, [mailto:customer@wiley.co.uk], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0740-3194, 0740-3194 KW - man KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Heart KW - Magnetic resonance imaging KW - Image processing KW - Signals KW - W4 150:Medical Imaging KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19204249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Self-gated+cardiac+cine+MRI&rft.au=Larson%2C+A+C%3BWhite%2C+R+D%3BLaub%2C+G%3BMcVeigh%2C+E+R%3BLi%2C+D%3BSimonetti%2C+O+P&rft.aulast=Larson&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Magnetic+Resonance+in+Medicine&rft.issn=07403194&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fmrm.10664 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Magnetic resonance imaging; Heart; Signals; Image processing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.10664 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Abrasion resistance of medical glove materials AN - 19198340; 5788385 AB - Due to the increasing demand for nonlatex medical gloves in the health-care community, there is a need to assess the durability of alternative glove materials. This study examines durability characteristics of various glove materials by abrasion resistance testing. Natural rubber latex (latex), polyvinyl chloride (vinyl), acrylonitrile butadiene (nitrile), polychloroprene (neoprene), and a styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS) were tested. All test specimens, with the exception of the vinyl, were obtained from surgical gloves. Unaged out-of-the-box specimens as well as those subjected to various degrees of artificial aging were included in the study. After the abrasion sequence, the barrier integrity of the material was assessed through the use of a static leak test. Other traditional tests performed on these materials were viral penetration to validate the abrasion data and tear testing for comparative purposes. The results indicate that specific glove-material performance is dependent upon the particular test under consideration. Most notably, abrasion, even in controlled nonsevere conditions, may compromise to varying degrees the barrier integrity of latex, vinyl, SEBS, nitrile, and neoprene glove materials. However, as evidenced by the results of testing three brands of neoprene gloves, the abrasion resistance of any one glove material may be significantly affected by variations in production processes. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part B: Applied Biomaterials AU - Walsh, D L AU - Schwerin, M R AU - Kisielewski, R W AU - Kotz, R M AU - Chaput, M P AU - Varney, G W AU - To, T M AD - Office of Science and Technology (HFZ-150), Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 9200 Corporate Boulevard, Rockville, Maryland 20852, dxm@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 81 EP - 87 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 68B IS - 1 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - man KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Abrasion KW - Surgery KW - Aging KW - Biomaterials KW - Gloves KW - Public health KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 110:Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19198340?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.atitle=Abrasion+resistance+of+medical+glove+materials&rft.au=Walsh%2C+D+L%3BSchwerin%2C+M+R%3BKisielewski%2C+R+W%3BKotz%2C+R+M%3BChaput%2C+M+P%3BVarney%2C+G+W%3BTo%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=68B&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=81&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+B%3A+Applied+Biomaterials&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjbm.b.10055 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gloves; Public health; Abrasion; Biomaterials; Surgery; Aging DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.b.10055 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute occupational pesticide-related illness in the US, 1998-1999: Surveillance findings from the SENSOR-pesticides program AN - 19198195; 5788337 AB - Concern about the adverse public health and environmental effects of pesticide use is persistent. Recognizing the importance of surveillance for acute occupational pesticide-related illness, we report on surveillance for this condition across multiple states. Survey data collected between 1998 and 1999 were obtained from the seven states that conduct acute occupational pesticide- related illness surveillance as part of the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational Risks (SENSOR) program. Data were collected by these state programs in a standardized manner and analyzed. Acute occupational pesticide- related illness incidence rates for those employed in agriculture and those employed in non-agricultural industries were also calculated. Between 1998 and 1999, a total of 1,009 individuals with acute occupational pesticide-related illness were identified by states participating in the SENSOR-pesticides program. The mean age was 36 years, and incidence rates peaked among 20-24 year- old workers. The overall incidence rate was 1.17 per 100,000 full time equivalents (FTEs). The incidence rate among those employed in agriculture was higher (18.2/100,000 FTEs) compared to those employed in non-agricultural industries (0.53/100,000 FTEs). Most of the illnesses were of low severity (69.7%). Severity was moderate in 29.6% of the cases, and high in four cases (0.4%). Three fatalities were identified. Insecticides were responsible for 49% of all illnesses. Surveillance is an important tool to assess acute pesticide- related illness, and to identify associated risk factors. Our findings suggest that these illnesses continue to be an important occupational health problem, especially in agriculture. As such, greater efforts are needed to prevent acute occupational pesticide-related illness. JF - American Journal of Industrial Medicine AU - Calvert, G M AU - Plate, D K AU - Das, R AU - Rosales, R AU - Shafey, O AU - Thomsen, C AU - Male, D AU - Beckman, J AU - Arvizu, E AU - Lackovic, M AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, JAC6@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 14 EP - 23 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Agrochemicals KW - Public health KW - USA KW - Pesticides KW - Occupational exposure KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24131:Acute exposure KW - H 5000:Pesticides UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19198195?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.atitle=Acute+occupational+pesticide-related+illness+in+the+US%2C+1998-1999%3A+Surveillance+findings+from+the+SENSOR-pesticides+program&rft.au=Calvert%2C+G+M%3BPlate%2C+D+K%3BDas%2C+R%3BRosales%2C+R%3BShafey%2C+O%3BThomsen%2C+C%3BMale%2C+D%3BBeckman%2C+J%3BArvizu%2C+E%3BLackovic%2C+M&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Journal+of+Industrial+Medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fajim.10309 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Pesticides; Occupational exposure; Risk assessment; Agrochemicals; Public health DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10309 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cocaine-induced Fos expression in rat striatum is blocked by chloral hydrate or urethane AN - 18021023; 5970047 AB - Anesthetics used in electrophysiological studies alter the effects of cocaine and amphetamine on neural activity in the striatum. However, the mechanism underlying this alteration has not been established. In the present study, we examined the effects of anesthetics on cocaine-induced neural activity in the striatum. We first assayed the ability of 20 mg/kg cocaine to induce Fos expression in the striatum following pretreatment with 400 mg/kg chloral hydrate or 1.3 g/kg urethane, two of the most commonly used anesthetics for in vivo electrophysiology. Chloral hydrate blocked, while urethane strongly attenuated cocaine-induced Fos expression without affecting basal levels of expression. We then examined dopaminergic and glutamatergic mechanisms for anesthetic effects on cocaine-induced Fos expression. Chloral hydrate and urethane did not attenuate basal or cocaine-induced increases of dopamine levels as assessed by microdialysis in dorsal striatum. In contrast, chloral hydrate attenuated glutamatergic neurotransmission as assessed by microdialysis in the presence of the glutamate transport blocker L-trans-pyrrolidone-2, 4-dicarboxylic acid. Chloral hydrate attenuated basal levels of glutamate by 70%, while cocaine had no effect on glutamate levels. Since glutamate levels were tetrodotoxin- sensitive, the majority of glutamate measured in our assay was by synaptic release. To assess a causal role for a reduction of glutamatergic neurotransmission in anesthetic effects on cocaine-induced Fos expression, we injected the glutamate receptor agonists AMPA and NMDA into the dorsal striatum of chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats. The glutamate receptor agonists partially reinstated cocaine-induced Fos expression in anesthetized rats. We conclude anesthetics attenuate cocaine-induced neuronal activity by reducing glutamatergic neurotransmission. JF - Neuroscience AU - Kreuter, J D AU - Mattson, B J AU - Wang, B AU - You, Z-B AU - Hope, B T AD - Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, The National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, bhope@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 233 EP - 242 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., The Boulevard Langford Lane Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB UK, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 127 IS - 1 SN - 0306-4522, 0306-4522 KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Gene expression KW - Neostriatum KW - Brain KW - Anesthetics KW - Cocaine KW - urethane KW - Chloral hydrate KW - Fos protein KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18021023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Cocaine-induced+Fos+expression+in+rat+striatum+is+blocked+by+chloral+hydrate+or+urethane&rft.au=Kreuter%2C+J+D%3BMattson%2C+B+J%3BWang%2C+B%3BYou%2C+Z-B%3BHope%2C+B+T&rft.aulast=Kreuter&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroscience&rft.issn=03064522&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.neuroscience.2004.04.047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Cocaine; Fos protein; Gene expression; Neostriatum; Brain; Chloral hydrate; urethane; Anesthetics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.04.047 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a Standardized Susceptibility Test for Campylobacter with Quality-Control Ranges for Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, Erythromycin, Gentamicin, and Meropenem AN - 18021000; 5997584 AB - A standardized agar dilution susceptibility testing method was developed for Campylobacter that consisted of testing on Mueller-Hinton medium supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood in an atmosphere of 10% CO sub(2), 5% O sub(2), and 85% N sub(2). Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 33560 was identified as a quality-control (QC) strain. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) QC ranges were determined for two incubation time/temperature combinations: 36 degree C for 48 hr and 42 degree C for 24 hr. Quality-control ranges were determined for ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and meropenem. For all antimicrobial agents tested at both temperatures, 95-100% of the QC MIC results fell within recommended QC ranges. Twenty-one Campylobacter clinical isolates, encompassing five species of Campylobacter (C. jejuni, C. coli, C. jejuni, subsp. doylei, C. fetus, and C. lari) were tested in conjunction with the C. jejuni QC strain. While C. jejuni and C. coli could be reliably tested under both test conditions, growth of C. jejuni subsp. doylei, C. fetus, and C. lari isolates was inconsistent when incubated at 42 degree C. Therefore, it is recommended that these species only be tested at 36 degree C. JF - Microbial Drug Resistance AU - McDermott, P F AU - Bodeis, S M AU - Aarestrup, F M AU - Brown, S AU - Traczewski, M AU - Fedorka-Cray, P AU - Wallace, M AU - Critchley, IA AU - Thornsberry, C AU - Graff, S AU - Flamm, R AU - Beyer, J AU - Shortridge, D AU - Piddock, L J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, HFV 530, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Mod 2, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, PMcDermo@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 124 EP - 131 VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 1076-6294, 1076-6294 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Gentamicin KW - Ciprofloxacin KW - Sheep red blood cells KW - Campylobacter jejuni KW - Quality control KW - Meropenem KW - Drug resistance KW - Drug sensitivity testing KW - Erythromycin KW - Doxycycline KW - A 01064:Microbial resistance KW - A 01116:Bacteria UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18021000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Microbial+Drug+Resistance&rft.atitle=Development+of+a+Standardized+Susceptibility+Test+for+Campylobacter+with+Quality-Control+Ranges+for+Ciprofloxacin%2C+Doxycycline%2C+Erythromycin%2C+Gentamicin%2C+and+Meropenem&rft.au=McDermott%2C+P+F%3BBodeis%2C+S+M%3BAarestrup%2C+F+M%3BBrown%2C+S%3BTraczewski%2C+M%3BFedorka-Cray%2C+P%3BWallace%2C+M%3BCritchley%2C+IA%3BThornsberry%2C+C%3BGraff%2C+S%3BFlamm%2C+R%3BBeyer%2C+J%3BShortridge%2C+D%3BPiddock%2C+L+J&rft.aulast=McDermott&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=124&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Microbial+Drug+Resistance&rft.issn=10766294&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gentamicin; Ciprofloxacin; Sheep red blood cells; Drug resistance; Meropenem; Quality control; Drug sensitivity testing; Erythromycin; Doxycycline; Campylobacter jejuni ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Road Safety Is No Accident AN - 17986648; 5924164 JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Sleet, DA AU - Branche, C M AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 4770 Buford Highway, NE, MS K63, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA, DSleet@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 173 EP - 174 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - driving ability KW - Motor vehicles KW - Highways KW - traffic safety KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17986648?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Road+Safety+Is+No+Accident&rft.au=Sleet%2C+DA%3BBranche%2C+C+M&rft.aulast=Sleet&rft.aufirst=DA&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=173&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2004.03.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Highways; traffic safety; driving ability; Motor vehicles DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2004.03.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Farm fatalities to youth 1995-2000: A comparison by age groups AN - 17986434; 5924162 AB - Problem: Although a myriad of research illustrates the safety issues related to farm fatalities in youth populations, very little empirical evidence exists that includes work and non-work related farm fatalities to all youths under 20 years of age at the national level. Methods: This research will use death certificate data for the six years from 1995 to 2000 that were collected by NIOSH from all 50 state vital statistics registries. Demographic data from the 1998 CAIS were used in rate calculations. In addition to providing annual fatality rates and descriptions of the general causes of death, this research will examine the variation between age groups. Results: Analysis of 695 total farm-related youth fatalities shows an average annual fatality rate of 9.3 fatalities per 100, 000 youths. Males account for 80% of these fatalities. The most prevalent causes of death are: machinery (25%), motor vehicle (17%), drowning (16%), suicide (8%) and homicide (6%). Of all youth fatalities occurring while at work, 45% are to youths less than 16 years of age. This same age group accounts for 71% of all non-work related fatalities. Summary: This research will provide farm families and researchers more detailed information on farm hazards that contribute to the deaths of youths. As these youths may encounter hazards while working or playing in their daily environment, identification and elimination of these hazards will increase overall safety on the farm. This research also indicates the need to include youths under 16 years of age in future comprehensive farm safety research. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Goldcamp, M AU - Hendricks, K J AU - Myers, J R AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA, ehg8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 151 EP - 157 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Mortality KW - homicide KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Occupational safety KW - drowning KW - Adolescents KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17986434?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Farm+fatalities+to+youth+1995-2000%3A+A+comparison+by+age+groups&rft.au=Goldcamp%2C+M%3BHendricks%2C+K+J%3BMyers%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Goldcamp&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2003.11.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Agriculture; Adolescents; Injuries; Occupational safety; Mortality; Motor vehicles; drowning; homicide DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2003.11.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extended Histopathology in Immunotoxicity Testing: Interlaboratory Validation Studies AN - 17966154; 5915509 AB - There has been considerable interest in the use of expanded histopathology as a primary screen for immunotoxicity assessment. To determine the utility of a semiquantitative histopathology approach for examining specific structural and architectural changes in lymphoid tissues, a validation effort was initiated. This study addresses the interlaboratory reproducibility of extended histopathology, using tissues from studies of ten test chemicals and both negative and positive controls from the National Toxicology Program's immunotoxicology testing program. We examined the consistency between experienced toxicologic pathologists, who had varied expertise in immunohistopathology in identifying lesions in immune tissues, and in the sensitivity of the individual and combined histopathological endpoints to detect chemical effects and dose response. Factor analysis was used to estimate the association of each pathologist with a so-called "common factor" and analysis- of-variance methods were used to evaluate biases. Agreement between pathologists was highest in the thymus, in particular, when evaluating cortical cellularity of the thymus; good in spleen follicular cellularity and in spleen and lymph node-germinal center development; and poorest in spleen red-pulp changes. In addition, the ability to identify histopathological change in lymphoid tissues was dependent upon the experience/training that the individual pathologist possessed in examining lymphoid tissue and the apparent severity of the specific lesion. JF - Toxicological Sciences AU - Germolec AU - Nyska, A AU - Kashon, M AU - Kuper, C F AU - Portier, C AU - Kommineni, C AU - Johnson, KA AU - Luster, MI AD - Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology/National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Biostatistics Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, germolec@niehs.nih.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 107 EP - 115 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 78 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Immunotoxicity KW - Histopathology KW - Lesions KW - Toxicity testing KW - Lymphoid tissue KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17966154?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.atitle=Extended+Histopathology+in+Immunotoxicity+Testing%3A+Interlaboratory+Validation+Studies&rft.au=Germolec%3BNyska%2C+A%3BKashon%2C+M%3BKuper%2C+C+F%3BPortier%2C+C%3BKommineni%2C+C%3BJohnson%2C+KA%3BLuster%2C+MI&rft.aulast=Germolec&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=107&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+Sciences&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Lesions; Lymphoid tissue; Toxicity testing; Histopathology; Immunotoxicity ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of the Mouse Bioassay and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Procedures for the Detection of Type A Botulinal Toxin in Food AN - 17948649; 5871159 AB - Samples of chili linked to a foodborne illness outbreak of type A botulism were examined for preformed type A botulinal toxin using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedures and the mouse bioassay. One of the samples was positive for type A botulinal toxin and three of the samples were negative for type A, B, E, and F botulinal toxins using the three methods. The mouse bioassay indicated that type A toxin was present at the 10,000 minimal lethal dose per gram (MLD per g) of product. The ELISA tests indicated a toxicity of 7,650 MLD per g with one method and 8,350 MLD per g with the other method. The sample toxicity determined by the ELISA was estimated by comparing samples to a standard curve generated with standard type A neurotoxin in casein buffer. The ELISA methods are more rapid than the mouse bioassay, since the toxin type can be determined in 1 day. The mouse bioassay is more sensitive than the ELISA but usually requires multiple assays to obtain the toxin type and toxicity. Type A culture isolates from the sample were also verified using one ELISA method. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Ferreira, J L AU - Eliasberg, S J AU - Edmonds, P AU - Harrison, MA AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 60 Eighth Street N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30309, USA Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 203 EP - 206 VL - 67 IS - 1 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Bioassays KW - Botulism KW - Clostridium botulinum KW - Toxins KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - A 01023:Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17948649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+the+Mouse+Bioassay+and+Enzyme-Linked+Immunosorbent+Assay+Procedures+for+the+Detection+of+Type+A+Botulinal+Toxin+in+Food&rft.au=Ferreira%2C+J+L%3BEliasberg%2C+S+J%3BEdmonds%2C+P%3BHarrison%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Ferreira&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Clostridium botulinum; Toxins; Bioassays; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Botulism ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On-Farm Falls Among Youth Less Than 20 Years Old in the U.S. AN - 17901602; 5864621 AB - This article examines the magnitude and characteristics of fall-related injuries on U.S. farms for youth less than 20 years old for work and non-work exposures at a national level. To examine the problem, data from the Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey (CAIS) and Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI) were used. Findings indicate that falls are an important contributor to on-farm injuries, with youth appearing to be at considerable risk. Thus, a reduction of the exposure of youth to fall-related hazards on farms is needed. Strategies such as providing safe play areas for young children and continuing efforts to prevent extra riders on farm equipment will help in reducing these hazardous fall exposures. JF - Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health AU - Hendricks, K J AU - Goldcamp, E M AU - Myers, J R AD - NIOSH 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 1808, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, khendricks@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 27 EP - 38 VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1074-7583, 1074-7583 KW - falls KW - farming KW - prevention KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Agriculture KW - Age KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Accidents KW - USA KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17901602?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.atitle=On-Farm+Falls+Among+Youth+Less+Than+20+Years+Old+in+the+U.S.&rft.au=Hendricks%2C+K+J%3BGoldcamp%2C+E+M%3BMyers%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Hendricks&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=27&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Agricultural+Safety+and+Health&rft.issn=10747583&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Age; Injuries; Accidents; Agriculture; Occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary Supplements Containing Ephedrine Alkaloids Adulterated Because They Present an Unreasonable Risk; Final Rule AN - 17829793; 6153177 AB - The Food and Drug Administration issued a final regulation declaring dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids adulterated under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) because they present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury under the conditions of use recommended or suggested in labeling, or if no conditions of use are suggested or recommended in labeling, under ordinary conditions of use. The agency took this action based upon the well-known pharmacology of ephedrine alkaloids, the peer-reviewed scientific literature on the effects of ephedrine alkaloids, and the adverse events reported to have occurred in individuals following consumption of dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids. The final Rule was published in the Federal Register, Volume 69, Number 28, Pages 6787-6854 on February 11, 2004. This rule that became effective on April 12, 2004 is now included in the Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR Part 119). This report includes the Table of Contents of the full Federal Register publication and selected sections and tables from that publication. JF - Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy AU - Anonymous AD - Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 95 EP - 107 VL - 18 IS - 3 SN - 1536-0288, 1536-0288 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Federal regulations KW - Alkaloids KW - Injuries KW - Dietary supplements KW - Pain KW - Cosmetics KW - Ephedrine KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17829793?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Pain+%26+Palliative+Care+Pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=Dietary+Supplements+Containing+Ephedrine+Alkaloids+Adulterated+Because+They+Present+an+Unreasonable+Risk%3B+Final+Rule&rft.au=Anonymous&rft.aulast=Anonymous&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Pain+%26+Palliative+Care+Pharmacotherapy&rft.issn=15360288&rft_id=info:doi/10.1300%2FJ354v18n03_11 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Alkaloids; Ephedrine; Dietary supplements; Cosmetics; Injuries; Federal regulations; Pain DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J354v18n03_11 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Explant pathology study of decellularized carotid artery vascular grafts AN - 17827667; 5878599 AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphologic findings in small- diameter freeze-dried decellularized carotid artery grafts implanted in goats as carotid artery interposition grafts for 6-7 months. Unimplanted decellularized carotid artery grafts did not contain intact cells; however, remnants of smooth muscle cells were present in the media. The extracellular matrix was well preserved. All decellularized grafts were patent at explant, without significant dimensional changes or aneurysm formation. Their luminal surfaces were lined by a thin neointima, consisting of myofibroblasts, collagen, and a discontinuous layer of endothelial cells. Histologic evidence of calcification within the explants was not observed; however, electron microscopy showed calcification of minute remnants of cell membranes. Inflammatory cells were not present in the graft wall. Host cell migration was greatest in the adventitia along the length of the graft. Migration of host cells into the media was more apparent close to the anastomoses, forming cellular nests rich in extracellular proteoglycans, whereas cell migration into areas subjacent to the lumen was minimal. Ingrowth of host blood vessels was not observed. These results demonstrate satisfactory structural and morphologic features of a decellularized carotid artery small- diameter graft implanted for up to 7 months. JF - Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, Part A AU - Hilbert, S L AU - Boerboom, LE AU - Livesey, SA AU - Ferrans, V J AD - Office of Science and Technology (HFZ-150), Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, 9200 Corporate Boulevard, Rockville, Maryland 20850, sxh@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 197 EP - 204 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 69A IS - 2 SN - 0021-9304, 0021-9304 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Inflammation KW - Collagen KW - Endothelial cells KW - Proteoglycans KW - Cell membranes KW - Calcification KW - Blood vessels KW - Biomaterials KW - Carotid artery KW - Cell migration KW - Explants KW - Electron microscopy KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 110:Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17827667?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+A&rft.atitle=Explant+pathology+study+of+decellularized+carotid+artery+vascular+grafts&rft.au=Hilbert%2C+S+L%3BBoerboom%2C+LE%3BLivesey%2C+SA%3BFerrans%2C+V+J&rft.aulast=Hilbert&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=69A&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Materials+Research%2C+Part+A&rft.issn=00219304&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjbm.a.10135 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carotid artery; Explants; Cell migration; Calcification; Collagen; Proteoglycans; Endothelial cells; Blood vessels; Biomaterials; Cell membranes; Inflammation; Electron microscopy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.10135 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of mechanical properties of rat tibialis anterior tendon evaluated using two different approaches AN - 17819986; 5888571 AB - Tendon injuries may result in variations of its mechanical properties. The published data of the tendon stiffness of small animals, such as mouse and rat, are exclusively obtained by measuring grip-to-grip (g-t-g) displacement. Local strain concentration and relative sliding of the specimens in the clamps might significantly affect the measured tendon deformation. In the present study, the mechanical properties of the rat tibialis anterior tendon measured using the proposed tendon mark method were compared to those evaluated using the g-t-g displacement method. Five male Sprague Dawley rats ( similar to 418 g) were used in this study. For the proposed method, reference marks were made on the tendons using permanent ink. A microscope video system was customized to observe and record the tendon deformation. Pattern recognition software was developed to obtain the displacement time-histories of the reference marks. The distance between the grips was approximately 7 mm; and the distance between the reference marks used for the data processing was approximately 5 mm. The cross-section areas of the specimens were measured using a custom-made slot gauge and by applying a constant compressive stress (0.15 MPa). The tendons were clamped between two custom-made metal grips and stretched on a testing machine at a constant speed (1 mm/s) up to failure. Throughout the tests, the tendon specimens were submerged in a PBS bath at 22 degree C. The deformation of the specimens was evaluated using the g-t-g displacement method and the proposed method. The stress/strain curves obtained by using the g-t-g displacement can be characterized by an initial toe zone, a quasi-linear zone, and a final failure stage. The stress/strain curves determined using the proposed method are quite different from those obtained using the g-t-g displacement: it has a smaller toe zone and a stress-hardening transition, over which the tendon stiffness increases dramatically with the increasing strain. The tendon stiffness measured by using the g-t-g displacement method may underestimate the actual mechanical properties of tendon by approximately 43%. JF - Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering AU - Wu, J Z AU - Brumfield, A AU - Miller, G R AU - Metheny, R AU - Cutlip, R G AD - NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, jwu@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 13 EP - 22 VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0959-2989, 0959-2989 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Computer programs KW - Pattern recognition KW - Metals KW - software KW - Data processing KW - Injuries KW - Microscopes KW - Stress KW - Tendons KW - Mechanical properties KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 110:Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17819986?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bio-Medical+Materials+and+Engineering&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+mechanical+properties+of+rat+tibialis+anterior+tendon+evaluated+using+two+different+approaches&rft.au=Wu%2C+J+Z%3BBrumfield%2C+A%3BMiller%2C+G+R%3BMetheny%2C+R%3BCutlip%2C+R+G&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bio-Medical+Materials+and+Engineering&rft.issn=09592989&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tendons; Mechanical properties; Stress; Metals; Data processing; Pattern recognition; Computer programs; Microscopes; software; Injuries ER - TY - CONF T1 - Characterization of a galactosyltransferase gene, lgtH, in the biosynthesis of lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) in Neisseria meningitidis AN - 17797108; 6146687 AB - The genetic locus with a cluster of glycosyltransferase genes, lgtABE/H, is responsible for the biosynthesis of lacto-N-neotetraosyl chain of LOS in Neisseria meningitidis. To characterize the function of lgtH, a recombinant plasmid of the gene was constructed by insertion of kanamycin resistance cassette into the coding region of lgtH. Group B N. meningitidis strain 6275 (lgtABH, L3 LOS) was transformed by electroporation for construction of the lgtH isogenic mutant. The mutant LOS had a reduction in molecular weight on SDS-PAGE gel and lost reactivity with an L3 antibody on immunoblot. Sugar analysis showed that galactose (Gal) was missing in the mutant LOS compared to the wild-type LOS. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry showed that the O-deacylated mutant LOS had a major component with a mass of 2389 corresponding to Glc.Hep sub(2).GlcNAc.PEA sub(2).Kdo sub(2).-lipid A and that the wild-type one had two major components with mass of 3330 and 3039 corresponding to Gal.GlcNAc.Gal.Glc.Hep sub(2).GlcNAc.PEA sub(3).Kdo sub(2).lipid A plus or minus NeuNAc. These results show that the lgtH gene encodes a galactosyltransferase that uses the LOS acceptor truncated at Glc of the lacto-N-neotetraosyl chain. JF - Journal of Endotoxin Research AU - Tsai, C-M AU - Zhu, P AU - Boykins, R Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 76 PB - W.S. Maney & Son Ltd., Hudson Road Leeds LS9 7DL UK, [URL:http://www.ingenta.com] VL - 10 IS - 5 KW - galactosyltransferase KW - lgtH gene KW - lipooligosaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Galactose KW - Sugar KW - Antibodies KW - Electroporation KW - Molecular weight KW - Kanamycin KW - Neisseria meningitidis KW - Plasmids KW - Glycosyltransferase KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17797108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Endotoxin+Research&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+galactosyltransferase+gene%2C+lgtH%2C+in+the+biosynthesis+of+lipo-oligosaccharide+%28LOS%29+in+Neisseria+meningitidis&rft.au=Tsai%2C+C-M%3BZhu%2C+P%3BBoykins%2C+R&rft.aulast=Tsai&rft.aufirst=C-M&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=76&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Endotoxin+Research&rft.issn=09680519&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Local and Systemic Toxicity in Mice Following Subcutaneous Implantation of Latex Penrose Drains AN - 17764101; 6134224 AB - Penrose drains are widely used in surgical procedures as an aid in wound healing. The studies presented here investigated the potential toxicity associated with the implantation of latex Penrose drains in BALB/c and B6C3F1 mice. Animals were implanted subcutaneously in the dorsal surface of the neck with 100, 150, or 200 mg of Perry latex drain or 200 mg of Bard (comparative control) latex drain for up to 36 hours. High-dose (200 mg) exposure to the Perry drain induced severe local and systemic toxicity, resulting in mortality within 24 hours. Time- and dose-responsive effects included decreased response to stimulus, inflammation at the implantation site, epaxial myositis, lesions consistent with hepatic glycogen depletion, apoptotic necrosis of the adrenal "X zone," and massive thymic apoptosis and atrophy. Negligible levels of endotoxin were quantified from Perry drain samples using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Assay. Extraction studies revealed the presence of zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (ZDEC) in the Perry drains but not in the control drains. No other differences were noted from gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analyses. Quantitation studies measured ZDEC levels at 2.22 plus or minus 0.04 mu g/mg in Perry samples. When ZDEC was eluted from Perry drains prior to implantation, animals exhibited no signs of toxicity. Although FDA regulations limit accelerators to 1.5% of rubber medical products, these studies indicate that the presence of ZDEC in concentrations lower than 0.25% of the drain weight may induce local toxicity and delayed wound healing. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology AU - Nicolaysen, PH AU - Klink, K J AU - Shriver, E AU - Knutsen, G AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Depree, G J AU - Siegel, P D AU - Weissman, D N AU - Whitmer, M AU - Meade, B J AD - M/S L4020, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, bhm8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 233 EP - 248 VL - 23 IS - 4 SN - 0731-3829, 0731-3829 KW - zinc diethyldithiocarbamate KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Endotoxins KW - Myositis KW - Apoptosis KW - Thymus KW - Liver KW - Rubber KW - Wound healing KW - Atrophy KW - Latex KW - Glycogen KW - Inflammation KW - X 24172:Plants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17764101?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Cutaneous+and+Ocular+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Local+and+Systemic+Toxicity+in+Mice+Following+Subcutaneous+Implantation+of+Latex+Penrose+Drains&rft.au=Nicolaysen%2C+PH%3BKlink%2C+K+J%3BShriver%2C+E%3BKnutsen%2C+G%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BDepree%2C+G+J%3BSiegel%2C+P+D%3BWeissman%2C+D+N%3BWhitmer%2C+M%3BMeade%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=Nicolaysen&rft.aufirst=PH&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Cutaneous+and+Ocular+Toxicology&rft.issn=07313829&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FCUS-200036691 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Latex; Wound healing; Thymus; Atrophy; Apoptosis; Myositis; Glycogen; Endotoxins; Liver; Rubber; Inflammation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CUS-200036691 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk of medicines: Counterfeit drugs AN - 17745441; 6130907 AB - Living in general is a risky endeavour. Certain risks are taken without much thought because of the apparent overwhelming benefits. This is often the case for many consumers of medicines who assume medicines to be wholly safe and health care providers infallible. Patients rely on healthcare providers for information, risk assessment, and protection from risks due to medical interventions. Some common risks due to medical interventions include medication errors, exposure to radiation, over/under dosing, adverse events/reactions, hospital acquired infections, counterfeit drugs, etc. Unfortunately, risk factors such as counterfeit medicines (though occurring for a long time) are just becoming apparent in the last three decades, first to only a few countries while others still seem unaware or choose to dwell in denial of their existence. There has been an astronomical increase in the detection of counterfeit medicines worldwide. The magnitude of this increase and consequent death toll demands greater attention in the consideration of the safety of medicines. Counterfeit medicines constitute a risk to the pharmaceutical industry, healthcare providers, the healthcare system as a whole and ultimately to the patient. The risks to the patient include, lack of effect, toxicity, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), loss of economic and other resources and ultimately death. Due to dearth of information and research and lack of a globally coordinated approach to anti-counterfeiting, global estimates of deaths due to counterfeit medicines can only be guessed. Indications from both published data and anecdotal evidence indicate that millions of lives may be saved annually if there are no counterfeit antibiotics, antiretrovirals, anti-malarial, anti-tubercular drugs, vaccines and other life saving medicines. This paper identifies these risks and proposes a concerted global action towards reducing the production and circulation of counterfeit pharmaceuticals on the world market. It also suggests a possible role for pharmacovigilance in anti-counterfeiting. JF - International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine AU - Akunyili, D N AU - Nnani, IPC AD - Corporate Headquarters, National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), Plot 2032 Olusegun Obasanjo Way, Wuse Zone 7, Abuja, Nigeria, ijeomannani@yahoo.com Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 181 EP - 190 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0924-6479, 0924-6479 KW - counterfeit drugs KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Economics KW - Drugs KW - Mortality KW - Toxicity KW - Reviews KW - Quality control KW - Side effects KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17745441?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Risk+and+Safety+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Risk+of+medicines%3A+Counterfeit+drugs&rft.au=Akunyili%2C+D+N%3BNnani%2C+IPC&rft.aulast=Akunyili&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=181&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Risk+and+Safety+in+Medicine&rft.issn=09246479&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mortality; Drugs; Side effects; Toxicity; Economics; Quality control; Reviews; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microarrays in biology and medicine AN - 17738385; 6058865 AB - The remarkable speed with which biotechnology has become critical to the practice of life sciences owes much to a series of technological revolutions. Microarray is the latest invention in this ongoing technological revolution. This technology holds the promise to revolutionize the future of biology and medicine unlike any other technology that preceded it. Development of microarray technology has significantly changed the way questions about diseases and/or biological phenomena are addressed. This is because microarrays facilitate monitoring the expression of thousands of genes or proteins in a single experiment. This enormous power of microarrays has enabled scientists to monitor thousands of genes and their products in a given living organism in one experiment, and to understand how these genes function in an orchestrated manner. Obtaining such a global view of life at the molecular level was impossible using conventional molecular biological techniques. However, despite all the progress made in developing this technology, microarray is yet to reach a point where all data are obtained, analyzed, and shared in a standardized fashion. The present article is a brief overview of microarray technologies and their applications with an emphasis on DNA microarray. JF - Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology AU - Choudhuri, Supratim AD - Division of Biotechnology and GRAS Notice Review, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, MD 20740, USA, Supratim.Choudhuri@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 171 EP - 179 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1095-6670, 1095-6670 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Data processing KW - Reviews KW - DNA microarrays KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W3 33000:General topics and reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17738385?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biochemical+and+Molecular+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Microarrays+in+biology+and+medicine&rft.au=Choudhuri%2C+Supratim&rft.aulast=Choudhuri&rft.aufirst=Supratim&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=171&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biochemical+and+Molecular+Toxicology&rft.issn=10956670&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjbt.20023 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA microarrays; Reviews; Data processing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbt.20023 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Food consumption risks associated with animal clones: What should be investigated? AN - 17716642; 5997342 AB - Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT), or cloning, is likely to be used for the expansion of elite breeding stock of agronomically important livestock used for food. The Center for Veterinary Medicine at the US Food and Drug Administration has been developing a risk assessment to identify hazards and characterize food consumption risks that may result from cloning. The risk assessment is comprised of two prongs. The first evaluates the health of animal clones, and is referred to as the Critical Biological Systems Approach. The second considers the composition of meat and milk from animal clones. Assessing the safety of food products from animal clones and their progeny, at least during these early stages of the development of the technology, is best accomplished by using both approaches: prospectively drawing on our knowledge of biological systems in development and maturation, and in retrograde, from an analysis of food products. Subtle hazards and potential risks that may be posed by animal clones must, however, be considered in the context of other mutations and epigenetic changes that occur in all food animal populations. JF - Cloning and Stem Cells AU - Rudenko, L AU - Matheson, J C AU - Adams, AL AU - Dubbin, E S AU - Greenlees, K J Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 79 EP - 93 PB - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers, 2 Madison Ave Larchmont NY 10538-1962 USA, [URL:http://www.liebertpub.com/CLO/default1.asp] VL - 6 IS - 2 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Milk KW - Food KW - Cloning KW - Livestock KW - Meat KW - Hazards KW - Food consumption KW - Veterinary medicine KW - Stem cells KW - Breeding KW - epigenetics KW - Progeny KW - somatic cell nuclear transfer KW - Food quality KW - R2 23020:Technological risks KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17716642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cloning+and+Stem+Cells&rft.atitle=Food+consumption+risks+associated+with+animal+clones%3A+What+should+be+investigated%3F&rft.au=Rudenko%2C+L%3BMatheson%2C+J+C%3BAdams%2C+AL%3BDubbin%2C+E+S%3BGreenlees%2C+K+J&rft.aulast=Rudenko&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cloning+and+Stem+Cells&rft.issn=15362302&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Should statisticians reporting to data monitoring committees be independent of the trial sponsor and leadership? AN - 17679501; 5912101 AB - It has long been a fundamental principle of clinical trials that interim comparative data should be kept confidential, with such data accessible only to a small number of individuals responsible for its analysis and monitoring. The rationale for keeping investigators and sponsors blinded to interim data has been extensively discussed, but the possible conflicts of interest that could arise for the statistician who performs the analysis of the interim data and presents it to a data monitoring committee has received little attention. We describe these potential conflicts, and the advantages and disadvantages of approaches that might be taken to minimize them. We have invited commentary on this issue from several statisticians with substantial experience in clinical trials and interim data monitoring. JF - Statistics in Medicine AU - Ellenberg, Susan S AU - George, Stephen L AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S.A., ellenberg@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1503 EP - 1505 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030 USA, [mailto:custserv@wiley.com], [URL:http://www.wiley.com/] VL - 23 IS - 10 SN - 0277-6715, 0277-6715 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 140:Bioinformatics & Computers in Health & Medicine KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17679501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Should+statisticians+reporting+to+data+monitoring+committees+be+independent+of+the+trial+sponsor+and+leadership%3F&rft.au=Ellenberg%2C+Susan+S%3BGeorge%2C+Stephen+L&rft.aulast=Ellenberg&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Statistics+in+Medicine&rft.issn=02776715&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fsim.1784 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.1784 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Elimination of the friction effects in unconfined compression tests of biomaterials and soft tissues AN - 17264739; 6988723 AB - The mechanical properties of biomateriais and soft tissues are determined conventionally using unconfined compression tests. In such tests, frictionless specimen/platen contact in unconfined compression tests has to be assumed in determining the material properties of the materials. Previous theoretical analysis demonstrated, however, that the effects of the friction at the specimen/piaten contact interface on the measured stress responses are non-negligible. In this study, a computational approach was proposed to eliminate the effects of friction. The friction coefficient between the specimen and the compression platens is measured first. Using a finite element model, the stress strain relationship, without the influence of the friction effects, can be derived from the experimental data obtained in conventional unconfined compression tests. In order to validate the proposed approach, unconfined compressive tests of rubber have been performed. JF - Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Proceedings. Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine AU - Wu, J Z AU - Dong, R G AU - Smutz, W P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Morgantown, West Virginia, USA Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 35 EP - 40 VL - 218 IS - 1 SN - 0954-4119, 0954-4119 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Biomaterials KW - Stress KW - Rubber KW - Computer applications KW - Soft tissues KW - Compression KW - Mechanical properties KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 110:Biomedical Materials & Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17264739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Institution+of+Mechanical+Engineers.+Proceedings.+Part+H%3A+Journal+of+Engineering+in+Medicine&rft.atitle=Elimination+of+the+friction+effects+in+unconfined+compression+tests+of+biomaterials+and+soft+tissues&rft.au=Wu%2C+J+Z%3BDong%2C+R+G%3BSmutz%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=218&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Institution+of+Mechanical+Engineers.+Proceedings.+Part+H%3A+Journal+of+Engineering+in+Medicine&rft.issn=09544119&rft_id=info:doi/10.1243%2F095441104322807730 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mathematical models; Biomaterials; Rubber; Stress; Computer applications; Soft tissues; Mechanical properties; Compression DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095441104322807730 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunization with meningococcal polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate induces polysaccharide-reactive T cells in mice AN - 17245480; 6972784 AB - T cell clones were generated from mice immunized with a meningococcal group C ( alpha 2 --> 9-sialic acid) polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid (MCPS-TT) conjugate. Many clones were found to be specific for tetanus toxoid (TT), however, clones reactive with MCPS-TT and polysaccharide (PS) were isolated. Two clones were specific for MCPS and two cross-reacted with Escherichia coli K1-PS ( alpha 2 --> 8-sialic acid). Both TT and PS reactive clones were CD4 super(+) and CD8 super(-). TT and MCPS-TT-specific T cell clones were major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted, however, the PS-reactive clones were not. Both MHC-restricted TT clones and non-restricted PS clones, however, were dependent on contact with antigen presenting cells (APC) for maximal stimulation. The data suggest that multivalent repeating epitopes on PS antigen (Ag) can overcome the need for MHC restricted interactions, but not the requirement for cell-cell contact. JF - Vaccine AU - Muthukkumar, Subramanian AU - Stein, Kathryn E AD - Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, muthukkumar@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 1290 EP - 1299 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann, 313 Washington St. Newton MA 02158 USA VL - 22 IS - 9-10 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - Author Keywords: Meningococcal group C polysaccharide KW - Tetanus toxoid KW - T cell cones KW - Major histocompatibility complex KW - Toxoids KW - CD8 antigen KW - Tetanus KW - Polysaccharides KW - Immunization KW - Cell adhesion KW - CD4 antigen KW - Escherichia coli KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Antigen-presenting cells KW - Vaccines KW - Epitopes KW - J 02834:Vaccination and immunization KW - F 06100:Vaccines - active immunity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17245480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Immunization+with+meningococcal+polysaccharide-tetanus+toxoid+conjugate+induces+polysaccharide-reactive+T+cells+in+mice&rft.au=Muthukkumar%2C+Subramanian%3BStein%2C+Kathryn+E&rft.aulast=Muthukkumar&rft.aufirst=Subramanian&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=9-10&rft.spage=1290&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2003.08.047 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - CD4 antigen; Lymphocytes T; Major histocompatibility complex; Vaccines; CD8 antigen; Antigen-presenting cells; Toxoids; Polysaccharides; Tetanus; Immunization; Epitopes; Cell adhesion; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.08.047 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Preventive vaccines against bioterrorism: evaluation of efficacy and safety AN - 17239761; 6972814 AB - This paper discusses the US Food and Drug Administrations approach to evaluation of vaccines in general, and vaccines against diseases of bioterrorism in particular. We summarize the scientific bases for development and approval of vaccines and then discuss specific issues regarding vaccines against disease organisms that could potentially be used as weapons of bioterrorism. JF - Vaccine AU - Horne, Amelia Dale AU - Clifford, Julianne AU - Goldenthal, Karen L AU - Kleppinger, Cynthia AU - Lachenbruch, Peter A AD - Division of Biostatistics, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, HFM-217, 1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA, horne@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 84 EP - 90 PB - Butterworth-Heinemann, 313 Washington St. Newton MA 02158 USA VL - 23 IS - 1 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Terrorism KW - bioterrorism KW - Disasters KW - Bioterrorism KW - USA KW - Reviews KW - Emergency preparedness KW - FDA KW - Vaccines KW - H 6000:Natural Disasters/Civil Defense/Emergency Management KW - W4 240:Bioterrorism & Biological Warfare KW - F 06100:Vaccines - active immunity KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17239761?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Preventive+vaccines+against+bioterrorism%3A+evaluation+of+efficacy+and+safety&rft.au=Horne%2C+Amelia+Dale%3BClifford%2C+Julianne%3BGoldenthal%2C+Karen+L%3BKleppinger%2C+Cynthia%3BLachenbruch%2C+Peter+A&rft.aulast=Horne&rft.aufirst=Amelia&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=84&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2004.04.037 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-08-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Emergency preparedness; Disasters; Terrorism; Bioterrorism; Vaccines; FDA; bioterrorism; Reviews DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.04.037 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of wood-dust aerosol size-distributions collected by air samplers AN - 16171740; 5892543 AB - A method has been described previously for determining particle size distributions in the inhalable size range collected by personal samplers for wood dust. In this method, the particles collected by a sampler are removed, suspended, and re-deposited on a mixed cellulose-ester filter, and examined by optical microscopy to determine particle aerodynamic diameters. This method is particularly appropriate to wood-dust particles which are generally large and close to rectangular prisms in shape. The method was used to investigate the differences in total mass found previously in studies of side-by-side sample collection with different sampler types. Over 200 wood-dust samples were collected in three different wood-products industries, using the traditional 37 mm closed-face polystyrene/acrylonitrile cassette (CFC), the Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) inhalable sampler, and the Button sampler developed by the University of Cincinnati. Total mass concentration results from the samplers were found to be in approximately the same ratio as those from traditional long-term gravimetric samples, but about an order of magnitude higher. Investigation of the size distributions revealed several differences between the samplers. The wood dust particulate mass appears to be concentrated in the range 10-70 aerodynamic equivalent diameter (AED), but with a substantial mass contribution from particles larger than 100 mu m AED in a significant number of samples. These ultra-large particles were found in 65% of the IOM samples, 42% of the CFC samples and 32% of the Button samples. Where present, particles of this size range dominated the total mass collected, contributing an average 53% (range 10-95%). However, significant differences were still found after removal of the ultra-large particles. In general, the IOM and CFC samplers appeared to operate in accordance with previous laboratory studies, such that they both collected similar quantities of particles at the smaller diameters, up to about 30-40 mu m AED, after which the CFC collection efficiency was reduced dramatically compared to the IOM. The Button sampler collected significantly less than the IOM at particle sizes between 10.1 and 50 mu m AED. The collection efficiency of the Button sampler was significantly different from that of the CFC for particle sizes between 10.1 and 40 mu m AED, and the total mass concentration given by the Button sampler was significantly less than that given by the CFC, even in the absence of ultra-large particles. The results are consistent with some relevant laboratory studies. JF - Journal of Environmental Monitoring AU - Harper, M AU - Akbar, M Z AU - Andrew, ME AD - Exposure Assessment Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS-3030 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA Y1 - 2004/01// PY - 2004 DA - Jan 2004 SP - 18 EP - 22 VL - 6 IS - 1 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Pollution Abstracts KW - Particle size KW - Optical analysis KW - Aerosols KW - Microscopy KW - Air sampling KW - Wood KW - Sampling instruments KW - Dust KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16171740?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+wood-dust+aerosol+size-distributions+collected+by+air+samplers&rft.au=Harper%2C+M%3BAkbar%2C+M+Z%3BAndrew%2C+ME&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=18&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Monitoring&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/10.1039%2Fb312883k LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Optical analysis; Particle size; Aerosols; Microscopy; Air sampling; Wood; Sampling instruments; Dust DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b312883k ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Degradation of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon by Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1; metabolism, proteomic and genomic approaches AN - 1151911654; 2012-098124 JF - Abstracts - Annual Meeting - Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) AU - Cerniglia, C E Y1 - 2004 PY - 2004 DA - 2004 SP - 95 PB - Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, [location varies] VL - 25 KW - soils KW - biodegradation KW - toxic materials KW - Mycobacterium vanbaalenii KW - degradation KW - metabolism KW - pollution KW - bioremediation KW - genome KW - remediation KW - pyrene KW - organic compounds KW - bacteria KW - sediments KW - hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - aromatic hydrocarbons KW - 22:Environmental geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1151911654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Abstracts+-+Annual+Meeting+-+Society+of+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry+%28SETAC%29&rft.atitle=Degradation+of+high-molecular-weight+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon+by+Mycobacterium+vanbaalenii+PYR-1%3B+metabolism%2C+proteomic+and+genomic+approaches&rft.au=Cerniglia%2C+C+E&rft.aulast=Cerniglia&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=&rft.spage=95&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Abstracts+-+Annual+Meeting+-+Society+of+Environmental+Toxicology+and+Chemistry+%28SETAC%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - Fourth SETAC world congress and 25th annual meeting in North America N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2012-01-01 N1 - SuppNotes - ISSN 1087-8939 N1 - Last updated - 2012-11-15 N1 - CODEN - #04767 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aromatic hydrocarbons; bacteria; biodegradation; bioremediation; degradation; genome; hydrocarbons; metabolism; Mycobacterium vanbaalenii; organic compounds; pollution; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; pyrene; remediation; sediments; soils; toxic materials ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Volatile organic compounds in foods: a five year study. AN - 71482776; 14690406 AB - A purge and trap procedure was used with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination to analyze 70 foods for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results from analyses over a 5 year period (1996-2000) are reported. VOCs were found in at least one sample of all foods tested, although no single compound was found in each of the foods. The total amount of VOCs found in a single food item over the 5 year period ranged from 24 to 5328 ppb, with creamed corn (canned) the lowest and cheddar cheese the highest. Benzene was found in all foods except American cheese and vanilla ice cream. Benzene levels ranged from 1 to 190 ppb, with the highest level found in fully cooked ground beef. Benzene was found in 12 samples of cooked ground beef, with an average of 40 ppb. Benzene levels above 100 ppb were also seen in at least one sample each of a cola (138 ppb), raw bananas (132 ppb), and cole slaw (102 ppb). This compares to a maximum contaminant level of 5 ppb set by the U.S. EPA for drinking water. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Fleming-Jones, Mary Ellen AU - Smith, Robert E AD - United States Food and Drug Administration, 11510 West 80th Street, Lenexa, Kansas 66214-3338, USA. Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 SP - 8120 EP - 8127 VL - 51 IS - 27 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Trihalomethanes KW - 0 KW - Toluene KW - 3FPU23BG52 KW - Styrene KW - 44LJ2U959V KW - bromodichloromethane KW - 7LN464CH2O KW - Chloroform KW - 7V31YC746X KW - Benzene KW - J64922108F KW - Index Medicus KW - Chloroform -- analysis KW - Styrene -- analysis KW - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry KW - Volatilization KW - Toluene -- analysis KW - Trihalomethanes -- analysis KW - Benzene -- analysis KW - Food Analysis KW - Food Contamination -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71482776?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Volatile+organic+compounds+in+foods%3A+a+five+year+study.&rft.au=Fleming-Jones%2C+Mary+Ellen%3BSmith%2C+Robert+E&rft.aulast=Fleming-Jones&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=27&rft.spage=8120&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Estimating aerosol surface-area exposure from cooking-related aerosol in India: A comparison of surface-area estimates using diffusion charging, and real-time number and mass concentration measurements AN - 39845072; 3805046 AU - Maynard, A AU - Pai, P AU - Andresen, P AU - Prasad, B AU - Ramachandran, G Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39845072?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Estimating+aerosol+surface-area+exposure+from+cooking-related+aerosol+in+India%3A+A+comparison+of+surface-area+estimates+using+diffusion+charging%2C+and+real-time+number+and+mass+concentration+measurements&rft.au=Maynard%2C+A%3BPai%2C+P%3BAndresen%2C+P%3BPrasad%2C+B%3BRamachandran%2C+G&rft.aulast=Maynard&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Association for Aerosol Research, 17000 Commerce Parkway, Suite C, My. Laurel NJ 08054, USA; phone: 856-439-9080; fax: 856-439-0525; email: info@aaar.org; URL: www.aaar.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Assessing vaccine safety in pre-licensure clinical trials: A regulatory perspective AN - 39768628; 3805804 AU - Midthun, K Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39768628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Assessing+vaccine+safety+in+pre-licensure+clinical+trials%3A+A+regulatory+perspective&rft.au=Midthun%2C+K&rft.aulast=Midthun&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Natl. Fdn. for Infectious Diseases, 4733 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 750, Bethesda, MD 20814-5228, USA; phone: 301-656-0003; fax: 301-907-0878; email: vaccine@nfid.org; URL: www.nfid.org. Paper No. 33 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - University research - FDA expectations AN - 39767257; 3811514 AU - Schell, T Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39767257?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=University+research+-+FDA+expectations&rft.au=Schell%2C+T&rft.aulast=Schell&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Considerations for future HAV vaccine development AN - 39753009; 3805837 AU - Raychaudhuri, G Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39753009?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Considerations+for+future+HAV+vaccine+development&rft.au=Raychaudhuri%2C+G&rft.aulast=Raychaudhuri&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Natl. Fdn. for Infectious Diseases, 4733 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 750, Bethesda, MD 20814-5228, USA; phone: 301-656-0003; fax: 301-907-0878; email: vaccine@nfid.org; URL: www.nfid.org. Poster Paper No. P38 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sampling and analysis of airbone fungal spores AN - 39752968; 3804761 AU - Chen, B T AU - Feather, G AU - Keswani, J Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39752968?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Sampling+and+analysis+of+airbone+fungal+spores&rft.au=Chen%2C+B+T%3BFeather%2C+G%3BKeswani%2C+J&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Association for Aerosol Research, 17000 Commerce Parkway, Suite C, My. Laurel NJ 08054, USA; phone: 856-439-9080; fax: 856-439-0525; email: info@aaar.org; URL: www.aaar.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Endpoints for preventive human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine efficacy trials AN - 39750990; 3805779 AU - Douglas Pratt, R Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39750990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Endpoints+for+preventive+human+papillomavirus+%28HPV%29+vaccine+efficacy+trials&rft.au=Douglas+Pratt%2C+R&rft.aulast=Douglas+Pratt&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Natl. Fdn. for Infectious Diseases, 4733 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 750, Bethesda, MD 20814-5228, USA; phone: 301-656-0003; fax: 301-907-0878; email: vaccine@nfid.org; URL: www.nfid.org. Paper No. 24 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Regulatory issues for new vaccine technologies AN - 39741468; 3805802 AU - Daugherty, J R Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39741468?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Regulatory+issues+for+new+vaccine+technologies&rft.au=Daugherty%2C+J+R&rft.aulast=Daugherty&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Natl. Fdn. for Infectious Diseases, 4733 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 750, Bethesda, MD 20814-5228, USA; phone: 301-656-0003; fax: 301-907-0878; email: vaccine@nfid.org; URL: www.nfid.org. Paper No. 31 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Listeria risk assessment: Dairy foods AN - 39735895; 3811513 AU - Dennis, S AU - Hicks, J AU - Carrington, C AU - Whiting, R Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39735895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Listeria+risk+assessment%3A+Dairy+foods&rft.au=Dennis%2C+S%3BHicks%2C+J%3BCarrington%2C+C%3BWhiting%2C+R&rft.aulast=Dennis&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org. Paper No. 328 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - US approach for assessing safety and nutritive value AN - 39710211; 3811698 AU - Price, B Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 4300:Environmental Science KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39710211?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=US+approach+for+assessing+safety+and+nutritive+value&rft.au=Price%2C+B&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St Joseph MI 49085, USA; phone: 269-429-0300; fax: 269-429-3852; URL: www.asae.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Accessibility of after hours primary medical services in Auckland, New Zealand AN - 39709690; 3815538 AU - Jones, N AU - Zhao, J AU - Forer, P Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 1200:Aquatic Science KW - U 5500:Geoscience UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39709690?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Accessibility+of+after+hours+primary+medical+services+in+Auckland%2C+New+Zealand&rft.au=Jones%2C+N%3BZhao%2C+J%3BForer%2C+P&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: University of Manchester, School of Geography, Mansfield Cooper Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK; phone: +44(0)161 275 3636; fax: +44(0)161-275-7878 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Annular aqueous denuder for short term filter measurements in saturated environments AN - 39708262; 3804764 AU - Volkwein, J AU - Mischler, S AU - Vinson, R AU - Hall, P AU - Crookston, E Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39708262?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Annular+aqueous+denuder+for+short+term+filter+measurements+in+saturated+environments&rft.au=Volkwein%2C+J%3BMischler%2C+S%3BVinson%2C+R%3BHall%2C+P%3BCrookston%2C+E&rft.aulast=Volkwein&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Association for Aerosol Research, 17000 Commerce Parkway, Suite C, My. Laurel NJ 08054, USA; phone: 856-439-9080; fax: 856-439-0525; email: info@aaar.org; URL: www.aaar.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - New subunit vaccine for tuberculosis containing the dissemination factor, HBHA AN - 39693619; 3805795 AU - Pickett, TE AU - Parra, M AU - Pethe, K AU - Menozzi, F D AU - Locht, C AU - Brennan, MJ Y1 - 2003/12/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39693619?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=New+subunit+vaccine+for+tuberculosis+containing+the+dissemination+factor%2C+HBHA&rft.au=Pickett%2C+TE%3BParra%2C+M%3BPethe%2C+K%3BMenozzi%2C+F+D%3BLocht%2C+C%3BBrennan%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Pickett&rft.aufirst=TE&rft.date=2003-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Natl. Fdn. for Infectious Diseases, 4733 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 750, Bethesda, MD 20814-5228, USA; phone: 301-656-0003; fax: 301-907-0878; email: vaccine@nfid.org; URL: www.nfid.org. Paper No. S46 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proper metrics for clinical trials: transformations and other procedures to remove non-normality effects. AN - 71467894; 14673941 AB - A simulation study was performed to study the effects of non-normality and to examine procedures to ameliorate possible loss of power when data are incorrectly assumed to be normally distributed. It was found that only distributions with high asymmetry or heavy tails seriously affect the t-test. The Box-Cox likelihood ratio test appears to have some advantages over the others, but this must be offset by the greater complexity in making the results understandable to non-statisticians. The variability in outcomes with the different procedures demonstrates the importance of specifying such procedures a priori. JF - Statistics in medicine AU - Lachenbruch, Peter A AD - FDA/CBER/Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM-215, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. lachenbruch@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12/30/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 30 SP - 3823 EP - 3842 VL - 22 IS - 24 SN - 0277-6715, 0277-6715 KW - Cadmium Compounds KW - 0 KW - Oxides KW - cadmium oxide KW - 0H3KWS8KJ3 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Oxides -- poisoning KW - Craniocerebral Trauma KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Cadmium Compounds -- poisoning KW - Likelihood Functions KW - Male KW - Female KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71467894?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.atitle=Proper+metrics+for+clinical+trials%3A+transformations+and+other+procedures+to+remove+non-normality+effects.&rft.au=Lachenbruch%2C+Peter+A&rft.aulast=Lachenbruch&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2003-12-30&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=3823&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.issn=02776715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Limited boundaries for extensive horizontal gene transfer among Salmonella pathogens AN - 19263483; 5831569 AB - Recombination is thought to be rare within Salmonella, as evidenced by absence of gene transfer among SARC strains that represent the broad genetic diversity of the eight primary subspecies of this common facultative intracellular pathogen. We adopted a phylogenetic approach to assess recombination within the mutS gene of 70 SARB strains, a genetically homogeneous population of Salmonella enterica subspecies I strains, which have in common the ability to infect warm-blooded animals. We report here that SARB strains show evidence for widespread recombinational exchange in contrast to results obtained with strains exhibiting species-level genetic variation. Besides extensive allele shuffling, SARB strains showed notably larger recombinagenic patch sizes for mutS (at least [approx]1.1 kb) than previously reported for S. enterica SARC strains. Explaining these experimental dichotomies provides important insight for understanding microbial evolution, because they suggest likely ecologic and genetic barriers that limit extensive gene transfer in the feral setting. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA AU - Brown, E W AU - Mammel, M K AU - LeClerc, JE AU - Cebula, T A AD - Division of Molecular Biology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment (HFS-025), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, tcebula@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12/23/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 23 SP - 15676 EP - 15681 PB - National Academy of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Ave. Washington DC 20418 USA VL - 100 IS - 26 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - mutS gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Recombination KW - Gene transfer KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Genetic diversity KW - Horizontal transfer KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19263483?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.atitle=Limited+boundaries+for+extensive+horizontal+gene+transfer+among+Salmonella+pathogens&rft.au=Brown%2C+E+W%3BMammel%2C+M+K%3BLeClerc%2C+JE%3BCebula%2C+T+A&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-12-23&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=15676&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences%2C+USA&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.2634406100 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database (accession nos. AY268620-AY268759). N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Salmonella enterica; Horizontal transfer; Gene transfer; Recombination; Genetic diversity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2634406100 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - ROCKY MOUNTAIN LABORATORIES INTEGRATED RESEARCH FACILITY, HAMILTON, MONTANA (DRAFT SUPPLEMENT TO THE FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT OF MAY 2003). AN - 36421264; 10548 AB - PURPOSE: The construction and operation of an Integrated Research Facility (IRF) at Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML) in Hamilton, Ravalli County, Montana are proposed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The mission of the RML is to play a leading role in the nation's effort to develop diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics to combat emerging and re-emeging infectious diseases. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks soon thereafter, the public is more aware of the potential for exposure of the civilian population to bioterrorism. As a result, President Bush asked the National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases to increase its research into the development of safe effective countermeasures to protect the public against the threat of biological agents that might be used in bioterrorist attacks. In addition to the proposed project, this draft supplement to the draft EIS of May 2003 considers a No Action Alternative. The proposed IRF would include Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories as well as BSL-3 and BSL-2 laboratories, animal facilities, administrative support offices, conference rooms, and break areas. Construction activities would provide approximately 105,000 square feet of new building space within the existing 33-acre RML campus. in the southwest portion of Hamilton. Upgrades would include a biocontainment laboratory with a BSL-4 rating, a new chilled water plant and emergency power backup system, a new additional to Boiler Building 26 to house a new natural-gas-fired boiler, and below grade systems and utility distribution tunnels to service the IRF. Cost of facility construction is estimated at $4.7 million. This supplemental EIS addresses concerns voiced over the potential public health risks of biological and infectious agents to be studied. POSITIVE IMPACTS: The IRF would improve the nation's ability to study and combat entering infectious diseases and to protect public health in keeping with NIH's mission. The proposed action would provide a highly contained and secure intramural laboratory for continuation of research into emerging infectious disease within the budgetary constraints of NIH at the RML facility. Construction activities would employ up to 200 workers at the peak employment period; operation of the new facilities would employ 10 permanent workers. Approximately $18.9 million in revenues would be generated within the county during the two-year construction period. The annual payroll for the additional operational employees at the facility would amount to $6.6 million. NEGATIVE IMPACTS: Operation of the IRF would involve the potential for accidental release of biological agents or the release of such agents due to terrorist attack, but these possibilities would be minimal due to precautions taken at the facility. Traffic levels within the vicinity of the IRF would increase substantially. New buildings and boiler stacks would mar visual aesthetics in the area, including views from the RML Historic District. LEGAL MANDATES: Public Law 107-117. PRIOR REFERENCES: For the abstract of the draft EIS, see 03-0473D, Volume 27, Number 4. JF - EPA number: 030573, 238 pages and maps, December 18, 2003 PY - 2003 KW - Urban and Social Programs KW - Biological Agents KW - Employment KW - Health Hazards KW - Health Hazard Analyses KW - Historic Districts KW - Research Facilities KW - Safety KW - Transportation KW - Visual Resources KW - Montana KW - Public Law 107-117, Project Authorization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/36421264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/Environmental+Impact+Statements%3A+Digests&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=report&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-12-18&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=ROCKY+MOUNTAIN+LABORATORIES+INTEGRATED+RESEARCH+FACILITY%2C+HAMILTON%2C+MONTANA+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+FINAL+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+MAY+2003%29.&rft.title=ROCKY+MOUNTAIN+LABORATORIES+INTEGRATED+RESEARCH+FACILITY%2C+HAMILTON%2C+MONTANA+%28DRAFT+SUPPLEMENT+TO+THE+FINAL+ENVIRONMENTAL+IMPACT+STATEMENT+OF+MAY+2003%29.&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Name - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; DHHS N1 - Date revised - 2006-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Draft. Preparation date: December 18, 2003 N1 - Last updated - 2014-01-30 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Rugged LC-MS/MS survey analysis for acrylamide in foods. AN - 71446158; 14664505 AB - The described liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the detection of acrylamide in food entails aqueous room temperature extraction, SPE cleanup, and analysis by LC-MS/MS. The method is applicable to a wide variety of foods. [(13)C(3)]acrylamide is the internal standard. The limit of quantitation is 10 ppb (microg/kg). Data were obtained in duplicate from >450 products representing >35 different food types. The variability in analyte levels in certain food types suggests that it may be possible to reduce acrylamide levels in those foods. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Roach, John A G AU - Andrzejewski, Denis AU - Gay, Martha L AU - Nortrup, David AU - Musser, Steven M AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA. jroach@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 17 SP - 7547 EP - 7554 VL - 51 IS - 26 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Coffee KW - 0 KW - Acrylamide KW - 20R035KLCI KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Coffee -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Edible Grain -- chemistry KW - Bread -- analysis KW - Food Analysis -- methods KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Acrylamide -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71446158?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Rugged+LC-MS%2FMS+survey+analysis+for+acrylamide+in+foods.&rft.au=Roach%2C+John+A+G%3BAndrzejewski%2C+Denis%3BGay%2C+Martha+L%3BNortrup%2C+David%3BMusser%2C+Steven+M&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=John+A&rft.date=2003-12-17&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=26&rft.spage=7547&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of dietary soy and estrous cycle on adrenal cytochrome p450 1B1 expression and DMBA metabolism in adrenal glands and livers in female Sprague-Dawley rats. AN - 71420119; 14642739 AB - Cytochrome p450 1B1 (CYP1B1) has been shown to be important in the bioactivation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) to an adrenal toxin in rats. We investigated the effects of diet and stage of estrous cycle on CYP1B1 expression in rat adrenal glands and on DMBA metabolism by rat adrenal and hepatic microsomes. Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were placed on either standard soy-containing NIH-31 rat chow or soy- and alfalfa-free 5K96 diet from postnatal day (PND) 21 until sacrifice at PND50+/-5. Stage of estrous at sacrifice was assessed by vaginal cytology and confirmed by histological examination of the vagina. Dietary soy at the level present in NIH-31 diet did not affect serum estrogen and progesterone levels. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that CYP1B1 was exclusively expressed in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis in adrenal cortex, which are the regions vulnerable to DMBA-induced adrenal necrosis. Adrenal CYP1B1 protein expression, 3H-DMBA depletion, and formation of DMBA-3,4-, and -8,9-dihydrodiols by adrenal microsomes were greater in animals fed 5K96 diet, and the stage of the estrous cycle affected these parameters only in the soy-free 5K96 diet. In hepatic microsomes, the formation of DMBA-3,4-dihydrodiol, 7-hydroxy- and 12-hydroxy-DMBA were lower in animals fed NIH-31 diet than in those fed 5K96 diet. Thus, dietary soy and the estrous cycle appear to regulate adrenal CYP1B1 expression and DMBA metabolism by both adrenal and hepatic microsomes. The use of different basal diets containing variable levels of soy components may affect certain toxicity assessments. JF - Chemico-biological interactions AU - Fu, Xin AU - Blaydes, Betty S AU - Weis, Constance C AU - Latendresse, John R AU - Muskhelishvili, Levan AU - Sutter, Thomas R AU - Delclos, K Barry AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, HFT-110, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/12/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 15 SP - 273 EP - 284 VL - 146 IS - 3 SN - 0009-2797, 0009-2797 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Progesterone KW - 4G7DS2Q64Y KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene KW - 57-97-6 KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Cyp1b1 protein, rat KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1B1 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Blotting, Western KW - Estradiol -- blood KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Diet KW - Progesterone -- blood KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Female KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases -- metabolism KW - Estrus -- blood KW - Adrenal Glands -- metabolism KW - Soy Foods KW - Estrus -- metabolism KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71420119?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemico-biological+interactions&rft.atitle=Effects+of+dietary+soy+and+estrous+cycle+on+adrenal+cytochrome+p450+1B1+expression+and+DMBA+metabolism+in+adrenal+glands+and+livers+in+female+Sprague-Dawley+rats.&rft.au=Fu%2C+Xin%3BBlaydes%2C+Betty+S%3BWeis%2C+Constance+C%3BLatendresse%2C+John+R%3BMuskhelishvili%2C+Levan%3BSutter%2C+Thomas+R%3BDelclos%2C+K+Barry&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=Xin&rft.date=2003-12-15&rft.volume=146&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemico-biological+interactions&rft.issn=00092797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The prediction of methylmercury elimination half-life in humans using animal data: A neural network/rough sets analysis AN - 19235622; 5802159 AB - Artificial neural networks and Rough Sets methodology have been utilized to predict human pharmacokinetic elimination half-life data based on animal data training sets. Methylmercury (Hg) pharmacokinetic data was obtained from 37 literature references, which provided data on species, gender, age, weight, route of administration, dose, dose frequency, and elimination half-life based on either whole-body Hg analysis or blood Hg analysis. Data were categorized into various formats for analysis comparisons. Rough Sets methodology was utilized to identify and remove redundant independent variables. Artificial neural networks were used to produce models based on the animal data, which were in turn used to predict and compare to the human elimination half-life values. These neural network predictions were compared to allometric graphical plots of the same data. The best artificial neural network prediction was based on a "thermometer" categorical representation of the data. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Hashemi, R R AU - Young, J F AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, HFT-20, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA, jyoung@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12/12/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 12 SP - 2227 EP - 2252 VL - 66 IS - 23 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - elimination half-life KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Prediction KW - Animals KW - Heavy metals KW - Dimethylmercury KW - X 24163:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19235622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=The+prediction+of+methylmercury+elimination+half-life+in+humans+using+animal+data%3A+A+neural+network%2Frough+sets+analysis&rft.au=Hashemi%2C+R+R%3BYoung%2C+J+F&rft.aulast=Hashemi&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-12-12&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=2227&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390390241277 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Animals; Heavy metals; Dimethylmercury DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390390241277 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Signaling by carcinogenic metals and metal-induced reactive oxygen species. AN - 71429201; 14643420 AB - Epidemiological data indicate that exposure to metal and metalloid species, including arsenic(III), chromium(VI), and nickel(II), increases the risk of cancer, particularly of the lung and skin. Alterations in normal signal transduction as a result of exposure to carcinogenic metals, and to metal-catalyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, appear to play an important role in the etiology of metal-induced carcinogenesis. Signaling components affected by metals include growth factor receptors, G-proteins, MAP kinases, and nuclear transcription factors. This article reviews current literature on the effects of carcinogenic metals and metal-induced ROS on cancer-related signaling pathways. In addition, the mechanisms by which those changes occur, and the role of those changes in carcinogenesis are discussed. JF - Mutation research AU - Harris, Gabriel Keith AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - National Research Council Associate, Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Rd. (M/S 2015), Morgantown, WV 26505-2888, USA. gharris1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 10 SP - 183 EP - 200 VL - 533 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Metals KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- toxicity KW - Metals -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71429201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Signaling+by+carcinogenic+metals+and+metal-induced+reactive+oxygen+species.&rft.au=Harris%2C+Gabriel+Keith%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft.date=2003-12-10&rft.volume=533&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Riddelliine N-oxide is a phytochemical and mammalian metabolite with genotoxic activity that is comparable to the parent pyrrolizidine alkaloid riddelliine. AN - 71304199; 14580895 AB - Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their N-oxide derivatives are naturally-formed genotoxic phytochemicals that are widely distributed throughout the world. Although, the quantities of PAs and PA N-oxides in plants are nearly equal, the biological and genotoxic activities of PA N-oxides have not been studied extensively. PA N-oxides are major metabolites of PAs and are generally regarded as detoxification products. However, in this study, we report that rat liver microsomes converted riddelliine N-oxide to the genotoxic 6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP) metabolite. Metabolism of riddelliine N-oxide by rat liver microsomes under hypoxic conditions (argon) generated predominantly the parent PA, riddelliine. The reduction of riddelliine N-oxide to riddelliine was diminished, when the metabolism of riddelliine N-oxide with rat liver microsomes was conducted aerobically. Rat liver microsomal incubations of riddelliine N-oxide in the presence of calf thymus DNA produced a set of DHP-derived DNA adducts as detected and quantified by 32P-postlabeling/HPLC. The same DHP-derived DNA adducts were also found in liver DNA of F344 rats fed riddelliine N-oxide or riddelliine. When rats received doses of 1.0 mg/kg riddelliine N-oxide for three consecutive days, the level of DNA adducts was 39.9 +/- 0.6 adducts/10(7) nucleotides, which was 2.6-fold less than that measured in rats treated with riddelliine at the same dose. We have previously shown that these DHP-derived DNA adducts are produced by chronic feeding of riddelliine and that the adduct levels correlated with liver tumor formation. Results presented in this paper indicate that riddelliine N-oxide, through its conversion to riddelliine, is also a potential genotoxic hepatocarcinogen. JF - Toxicology letters AU - Chou, Ming W AU - Wang, Yu-Ping AU - Yan, Jian AU - Yang, Ya-Chen AU - Beger, Richard D AU - Williams, Lee D AU - Doerge, Daniel R AU - Fu, Peter P AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. mchou@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 10 SP - 239 EP - 247 VL - 145 IS - 3 SN - 0378-4274, 0378-4274 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids KW - riddelliine KW - 23246-96-0 KW - Monocrotaline KW - 73077K8HYV KW - riddelliine N-oxide KW - 75056-11-0 KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - dehydroretronecine KW - QG6MWR17OH KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Cattle KW - Microsomes, Liver -- metabolism KW - Thymus Gland -- metabolism KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Thymus Gland -- drug effects KW - Female KW - Monocrotaline -- metabolism KW - Monocrotaline -- analogs & derivatives KW - Mutagens -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids -- toxicity KW - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids -- metabolism KW - DNA Adducts -- drug effects KW - DNA Adducts -- metabolism KW - Monocrotaline -- toxicity KW - DNA -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71304199?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+letters&rft.atitle=Riddelliine+N-oxide+is+a+phytochemical+and+mammalian+metabolite+with+genotoxic+activity+that+is+comparable+to+the+parent+pyrrolizidine+alkaloid+riddelliine.&rft.au=Chou%2C+Ming+W%3BWang%2C+Yu-Ping%3BYan%2C+Jian%3BYang%2C+Ya-Chen%3BBeger%2C+Richard+D%3BWilliams%2C+Lee+D%3BDoerge%2C+Daniel+R%3BFu%2C+Peter+P&rft.aulast=Chou&rft.aufirst=Ming&rft.date=2003-12-10&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=239&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+letters&rft.issn=03784274&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence That the Mouse 3' Kappa Light Chain Enhancer Confers Position-Independent Transgene Expression in T- and B-Lineage Cells AN - 19229169; 5813022 AB - One of the major obstacles for successful application of murine leukemia virus (MLV) vectors to genetic therapy of lymphocyte disorders is low levels of transgene expression or the eventual loss of expression. To overcome this problem, an improved retroviral vector was constructed utilizing the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV) long terminal repeat (LTR), which provided a significantly higher level of transgene expression in human lymphoid cells than did MLV vectors. Nevertheless, transgene expression remained low in a large percentage of transduced cells. To address whether lymphocyte enhancer elements might improve transgene expression mediated by retroviral vectors in lymphocytes, we cloned the mouse immunoglobulin 3' Kappa light chain enhancer gene (mE3') into the MPSV vector. We found that the mE3' conferred a higher, more uniform and sustained level of expression in transduced T- and B-cell lines, and in primary T cells, than did the control vector lacking this element. Integration sites were diverse and a single copy of the proviral genome was present in all examined transduced cells. The mE3' failed to enhance transgene expression in most nonlymphoid cells, indicating it is relatively lineage-specific. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that the mE3' functions as a locus control region (LCR) in conferring enhanced integration-site-independent expression of a retroviral transgene. JF - Human Gene Therapy AU - Xu, Lai AU - Tsuji, K AU - Mostowski, H AU - Candotti, F AU - Rosenberg, A AD - Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Drugs Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Building 29A, Room 2D16, 29 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, Rosenberg@CBER.FDA.GOV Y1 - 2003/12/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 10 SP - 1753 EP - 1764 VL - 14 IS - 18 SN - 1043-0342, 1043-0342 KW - man KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Lymphoid cells KW - Expression vectors KW - myeloproliferative sarcoma virus KW - Gene therapy KW - Long terminal repeat KW - Lymphocytes B KW - Lymphocytes T KW - Immunoglobulins KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 120:Genetic Engineering in Medicine KW - W3 33180:Gene based (protocols, clinical trials, and animal models) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19229169?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=Evidence+That+the+Mouse+3%27+Kappa+Light+Chain+Enhancer+Confers+Position-Independent+Transgene+Expression+in+T-+and+B-Lineage+Cells&rft.au=Xu%2C+Lai%3BTsuji%2C+K%3BMostowski%2C+H%3BCandotti%2C+F%3BRosenberg%2C+A&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Lai&rft.date=2003-12-10&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=1753&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Human+Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=10430342&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - myeloproliferative sarcoma virus; Lymphocytes T; Lymphocytes B; Gene therapy; Immunoglobulins; Long terminal repeat; Expression vectors; Lymphoid cells ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of the metabolism and disposition of the anti-retroviral nucleoside analogs zidovudine and lamivudine in C57BL/6N and B6C3F1 mice. AN - 71434503; 14630359 AB - Transmission of HIV from mother to infant can be effectively prevented by zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine; AZT) alone or in combination with other anti-retroviral drugs; however, significant evidence for genotoxicity, including transplacental carcinogenicity in mice, has been reported for AZT. A method, based upon solid phase extraction (SPE) in the 96-well format, gradient liquid chromatography (LC), and electrospray mass spectrometry (MS), was developed and validated to measure serum concentrations in maternal C57BL/6N and fetal B6C3F1 mice of the nucleoside analogs AZT, lamivudine ((-)2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine; 3TC), and several metabolites selected based on importance in detoxification and bioactivation reactions. After intravenous (i.v.) and oral dosing with either 400 mg/kg AZT or 200 mg/kg 3TC, pharmacokinetics were determined for AZT, AZT-5'-glucuronide, 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine (AMT), AZT-5'-phosphate, 3TC, and 3TC-5'-phosphate in serum of adult female mice. Pharmacokinetics were also determined in spleen for AZT-5'-phosphate and 3TC-5'-phosphate following i.v. dosing. In addition, a preliminary assessment was made of placental transfer of AZT and 3TC and the presence of metabolites in the fetal compartment. The method described provides a means to evaluate thoroughly metabolism and disposition of anti-retroviral nucleoside analogs in maternal and fetal mice for comprehensive studies of genotoxicity. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Williams, Lee D AU - Von Tungeln, Linda S AU - Beland, Frederick A AU - Doerge, Daniel R AD - Biochemical Toxicology Division, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, HFT-110, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/12/05/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 05 SP - 55 EP - 62 VL - 798 IS - 1 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Lamivudine KW - 2T8Q726O95 KW - Zidovudine KW - 4B9XT59T7S KW - Index Medicus KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Area Under Curve KW - Mice KW - Fetus -- metabolism KW - Female KW - Zidovudine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Lamivudine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors -- pharmacokinetics KW - Zidovudine -- blood KW - Lamivudine -- blood KW - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors -- blood KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71434503?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Liquid+chromatographic-mass+spectrometric+determination+of+the+metabolism+and+disposition+of+the+anti-retroviral+nucleoside+analogs+zidovudine+and+lamivudine+in+C57BL%2F6N+and+B6C3F1+mice.&rft.au=Williams%2C+Lee+D%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+Linda+S%3BBeland%2C+Frederick+A%3BDoerge%2C+Daniel+R&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft.date=2003-12-05&rft.volume=798&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=55&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-19 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A simple and efficient Triton X-100 boiling and chloroform extraction method of RNA isolation from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria AN - 17889908; 5848154 AB - A fast, reliable, and inexpensive Triton X-100 boiling procedure for RNA isolation from both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was developed. The yield of RNA was 0.2-2 mg per 10 ml bacterial culture. The method was tested on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria of eight genera and nine species and yielded reproducible results. In parallel experiments, the Qiagen and hot phenol extraction methods both yielded RNA that contained contaminating 16S and 23S rRNA. The Triton X-100 boiling method reported here yielded RNA that was free from 16S and 23S rRNA, contained full-length transcripts and did not require additional purification. The presence of specific mRNA in one of the RNA samples obtained by this procedure was demonstrated by partial amplification of a 732 bp vancomycin resistance gene, vanA, by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The presence of a full-length transcript (1031 bases) of the vanA gene was verified by Northern hybridization and probing with a digoxigenin (DIG)-labeled vanA PCR partial product. The method provides a rapid, reliable, and simple tool for the isolation of good quality RNA suitable for various molecular biology experiments. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Sung, K AU - Khan, SA AU - Nawaz AU - Khan, A A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Microbiology, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, skhan@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12/05/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 05 SP - 97 EP - 101 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 229 IS - 1 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - Triton X-100 KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Chloroform KW - RNA KW - vanA gene KW - Gram-positive bacteria KW - Gram-negative bacteria KW - octoxynol KW - N 14510:Occurrence, isolation & assay KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17889908?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=A+simple+and+efficient+Triton+X-100+boiling+and+chloroform+extraction+method+of+RNA+isolation+from+Gram-positive+and+Gram-negative+bacteria&rft.au=Sung%2C+K%3BKhan%2C+SA%3BNawaz%3BKhan%2C+A+A&rft.aulast=Sung&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-12-05&rft.volume=229&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1097%2803%2900791-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chloroform; RNA; vanA gene; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; octoxynol DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00791-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survival after pancreas transplantation in patients with diabetes and preserved kidney function. AN - 71441921; 14657065 AB - Solitary pancreas transplantation (ie, pancreas alone or pancreas-after-kidney) for diabetes mellitus remains controversial due to procedure-associated morbidity/mortality, toxicity of immunosuppression, expense, and unproven effects on the secondary complications of diabetes. Whether transplantation offers a survival advantage over conventional therapies for diabetes is unknown. To determine the association between solitary pancreas transplantation and survival in patients with diabetes and preserved kidney function. Retrospective observational cohort study conducted at 124 transplant centers in the United States, in 11 572 patients with diabetes mellitus on the waiting list for pancreas transplantation (pancreas alone, pancreas-after-kidney, or simultaneous pancreas-kidney) at the United Network for Organ Sharing/Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2000. All patients receiving a multiorgan (other than simultaneous pancreas-kidney) transplant were excluded, as were those listed for solitary pancreas transplantation who had a serum creatinine level greater than 2 mg/dL (176.8 micromol/L) at time of listing, or who ultimately received a simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant. All-cause mortality within 4 years following transplantation (or within a comparable time on the waiting list for the group not undergoing transplantation). Overall relative risk of all-cause mortality for transplant recipients (compared with patients awaiting the same procedure) over 4 years of follow-up was 1.57 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98-2.53; P =.06) for pancreas transplant alone, 1.42 (95% CI, 1.03-1.94; P =.03) for pancreas-after-kidney transplant, and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.39-0.48) for simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant. Transplant patient 1- and 4-year survival rates were 96.5% and 85.2% for pancreas transplant alone, respectively, and 95.3% and 84.5% for pancreas-after-kidney transplant, while 1- and 4-year survival rates for patients on the waiting list were 97.6% and 92.1% for pancreas transplant alone, respectively, and 97.1% and 88.1% for pancreas-after-kidney transplant. From 1995-2000, survival for those with diabetes and preserved kidney function and receiving a solitary pancreas transplant was significantly worse compared with the survival of waiting-list patients receiving conventional therapy. JF - JAMA AU - Venstrom, Jeffrey M AU - McBride, Maureen A AU - Rother, Kristina I AU - Hirshberg, Boaz AU - Orchard, Trevor J AU - Harlan, David M AD - Transplantation and Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Md 20892, USA. Y1 - 2003/12/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 03 SP - 2817 EP - 2823 VL - 290 IS - 21 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Prognosis KW - Waiting Lists KW - Middle Aged KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Survival Analysis KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- surgery KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- mortality KW - Pancreas Transplantation -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71441921?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Survival+after+pancreas+transplantation+in+patients+with+diabetes+and+preserved+kidney+function.&rft.au=Venstrom%2C+Jeffrey+M%3BMcBride%2C+Maureen+A%3BRother%2C+Kristina+I%3BHirshberg%2C+Boaz%3BOrchard%2C+Trevor+J%3BHarlan%2C+David+M&rft.aulast=Venstrom&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft.date=2003-12-03&rft.volume=290&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=2817&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=JAMA&rft.issn=1538-3598&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: JAMA. 2003 Dec 3;290(21):2861-3 [14657072] JAMA. 2005 Feb 9;293(6):675; author reply 675-6 [15701906] Curr Surg. 2005 May-Jun;62(3):305-10 [15890213] Erratum In: JAMA. 2004 Apr 7;291(13):1566 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Workplace exacerbation of asthma symptoms: findings from a population-based study in Maine. AN - 71596240; 15859513 AB - In this population-based study of asthma in the State of Maine, the authors investigated how often asthma symptoms were exacerbated in the workplace. Participants from 5 hospital service areas in Maine completed a telephone questionnaire. Of 474 adult participants (18-65 yr of age) employed during the preceding year and for whom information on occupation and industry was available, 64 (13.5%) were identified with current asthma, including 28 (5.9%) with current physician-diagnosed asthma and 36 (7.6%) who met criteria for symptoms consistent with asthma. Jobs were identified a priori as "high-risk" or "low-risk" for asthma. Of the 64 asthma cases, 16 (25%) reported that their coughing or wheezing worsened at work. Among the symptom-based cases, the percentage with workplace exacerbation of asthma was elevated for high-risk jobs (7/14 = 50%) vs. low-risk jobs (3/22 = 13.6%) (p = 0.03). No similar elevation was observed for individuals with current physician-diagnosed asthma, which might have resulted, in part, from a healthy worker effect. JF - Archives of environmental health AU - Henneberger, Paul K AU - Deprez, Ronald D AU - Asdigian, Nancy AU - Oliver, L Christine AU - Derk, Susan AU - Goe, Sandra K AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. pkh0@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 781 EP - 788 VL - 58 IS - 12 SN - 0003-9896, 0003-9896 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Severity of Illness Index KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Personnel, Hospital KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Job Description KW - Disease Progression KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Maine KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Workplace KW - Asthma -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71596240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Workplace+exacerbation+of+asthma+symptoms%3A+findings+from+a+population-based+study+in+Maine.&rft.au=Henneberger%2C+Paul+K%3BDeprez%2C+Ronald+D%3BAsdigian%2C+Nancy%3BOliver%2C+L+Christine%3BDerk%2C+Susan%3BGoe%2C+Sandra+K&rft.aulast=Henneberger&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=781&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+environmental+health&rft.issn=00039896&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-16 N1 - Date created - 2005-04-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summary health statistics for the U.S. population: National Health Interview Survey, 2001. AN - 71594387; 15791895 AB - This report presents health statistics from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey for the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States, classified by age, sex, race and Hispanic or Latino origin, family income, poverty status, education, place of residence, region of residence, and, where appropriate, health insurance coverage. The topics covered are health status and limitations in activities, special education or early intervention services, injuries and poisonings, health care access and utilization, and health insurance coverage. The NHIS is a household, multistage probability sample survey conducted annually by interviewers of the U.S. Census Bureau for the Centers for Disease Control's National Center for Health Statistics. Household interviews were completed for 100,760 persons living in 38,932 households, reflecting a household response rate of 89%. Nearly 7 in 10 persons were in excellent or very good health in 2001. About 33 million persons (12%) were limited in their usual activities due to one or more chronic health conditions, and about 4 million persons (2%) required the help of another person with activities of daily living. Persons with the least education and the lowest incomes were the most likely to be limited in their ability to work. About 6% of children received special education or early intervention services. The three leading causes of medically attended injury and poisoning episodes were falls, transportation, and overexertion. Among persons under age 65 years, about 39 million (16%) did not have any health insurance coverage. The most common reason for lacking health insurance was cost, followed by a change in employment. JF - Vital and health statistics. Series 10, Data from the National Health Survey AU - Barnes, Patricia M AU - Adams, Patricia F AU - Schiller, Jeannine S AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA. Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 1 EP - 82 IS - 217 SN - 0083-1972, 0083-1972 KW - Index Medicus KW - Wounds and Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Poisoning -- epidemiology KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Aged KW - Child KW - National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.) KW - Adult KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Middle Aged KW - Censuses KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Medically Uninsured -- statistics & numerical data KW - Insurance, Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Health Surveys KW - Health Status KW - Health Services Accessibility -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71594387?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vital+and+health+statistics.+Series+10%2C+Data+from+the+National+Health+Survey&rft.atitle=Summary+health+statistics+for+the+U.S.+population%3A+National+Health+Interview+Survey%2C+2001.&rft.au=Barnes%2C+Patricia+M%3BAdams%2C+Patricia+F%3BSchiller%2C+Jeannine+S&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=217&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vital+and+health+statistics.+Series+10%2C+Data+from+the+National+Health+Survey&rft.issn=00831972&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-05-05 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of false discovery rates in multiple testing: application to gene microarray data. AN - 71531713; 14969487 AB - Testing for significance with gene expression data from DNA microarray experiments involves simultaneous comparisons of hundreds or thousands of genes. If R denotes the number of rejections (declared significant genes) and V denotes the number of false rejections, then V/R, if R > 0, is the proportion of false rejected hypotheses. This paper proposes a model for the distribution of the number of rejections and the conditional distribution of V given R, V / R. Under the independence assumption, the distribution of R is a convolution of two binomials and the distribution of V / R has a noncentral hypergeometric distribution. Under an equicorrelated model, the distributions are more complex and are also derived. Five false discovery rate probability error measures are considered: FDR = E(V/R), pFDR = E(V/R / R > 0) (positive FDR), cFDR = E(V/R / R = r) (conditional FDR), mFDR = E(V)/E(R) (marginal FDR), and eFDR = E(V)/r (empirical FDR). The pFDR, cFDR, and mFDR are shown to be equivalent under the Bayesian framework, in which the number of true null hypotheses is modeled as a random variable. We present a parametric and a bootstrap procedure to estimate the FDRs. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of these two methods. The bootstrap procedure appears to perform reasonably well, even when the alternative hypotheses are correlated (rho = .25). An example from a toxicogenomic microarray experiment is presented for illustration. JF - Biometrics AU - Tsai, Chen-An AU - Hsueh, Huey-miin AU - Chen, James J AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA. Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 1071 EP - 1081 VL - 59 IS - 4 SN - 0006-341X, 0006-341X KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Genes -- drug effects KW - Cadmium -- toxicity KW - Bayes Theorem KW - Genes -- genetics KW - Biometry KW - Models, Genetic KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- methods KW - Models, Statistical KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71531713?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biometrics&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+false+discovery+rates+in+multiple+testing%3A+application+to+gene+microarray+data.&rft.au=Tsai%2C+Chen-An%3BHsueh%2C+Huey-miin%3BChen%2C+James+J&rft.aulast=Tsai&rft.aufirst=Chen-An&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=1071&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biometrics&rft.issn=0006341X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-29 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Metabolism and residue depletion of albendazole and its metabolites in rainbow trout, tilapia and Atlantic salmon after oral administration. AN - 71528924; 14962053 AB - Metabolic and residue depletion profiles of albendazole (ABZ) and its major metabolites in three fish species, rainbow trout, tilapia and Atlantic salmon are reported. Based on these profiles, similarities (or dissimilarities) between species will determine the potential to group fish species. ABZ at 10 mg/kg body weight was incorporated into fish food formulated in a gelatin base or in gel capsule and fed as a single dose to six fish from each species. Rainbow trout were held three each in a partitioned 600-L tank. Tilapia and Atlantic salmon were housed in separate 20-L tanks. Samples of muscle with adhering skin were collected at 8, 12, 18, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h postdose from trout kept at 12 degrees C, at 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 h postdose from tilapia kept at 25 degrees C and at 8, 14, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h postdose from Atlantic salmon kept at 15 degrees C. The samples were homogenized in dry ice and subjected to extraction and cleanup procedures. The final extracts were analyzed for parent drug ABZ and its major metabolites, albendazole sulfoxide (ABZ-SO), albendazole sulfone (ABZ-SO2) and albendazole aminosulfone using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. ABZ was depleted by 24 h in trout and tilapia and by 48 h in salmon; ABZ-SO, a pharmacologically active metabolite, was depleted by 48 h in tilapia, by 72 h in rainbow trout and was present until 96 h in salmon; and low levels of ABZ-SO2 and albendazole aminosulfone, both inactive metabolites, were detectable at least till 96 h in all three fish species. JF - Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Shaikh, B AU - Rummel, N AU - Gieseker, C AU - Serfling, S AU - Reimschuessel, R AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. bshaikh@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 421 EP - 427 VL - 26 IS - 6 SN - 0140-7783, 0140-7783 KW - Anthelmintics KW - 0 KW - Albendazole KW - F4216019LN KW - Index Medicus KW - Salmo salar -- metabolism KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Chemistry, Pharmaceutical KW - Cichlids -- metabolism KW - Drug Residues -- metabolism KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss -- metabolism KW - Muscle, Skeletal -- metabolism KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Anthelmintics -- administration & dosage KW - Anthelmintics -- pharmacokinetics KW - Albendazole -- pharmacokinetics KW - Albendazole -- administration & dosage KW - Fishes -- metabolism KW - Albendazole -- blood KW - Anthelmintics -- blood UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71528924?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+veterinary+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Metabolism+and+residue+depletion+of+albendazole+and+its+metabolites+in+rainbow+trout%2C+tilapia+and+Atlantic+salmon+after+oral+administration.&rft.au=Shaikh%2C+B%3BRummel%2C+N%3BGieseker%2C+C%3BSerfling%2C+S%3BReimschuessel%2C+R&rft.aulast=Shaikh&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=421&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+veterinary+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=01407783&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-04 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with maternal enalapril antihypertensive treatment. AN - 71525504; 14762979 AB - Adverse pregnancy outcomes following the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, including enalapril, have been reported in descriptive studies. However, no analytical studies on the relationship between the adverse outcomes and enalapril gestational exposures are available. To explore the association between enalapril exposure and adverse outcomes in pregnancy, taking into account other possible risk factors. We analyzed a series of all usable cases reported to the FDA between 1986 and 2000 in which enalapril was a suspect drug for the observed adverse outcomes (N = 110). Parameters of exposure and reported outcomes as well as information on potentially confounding variables were systematically abstracted from this series by a single physician. Because exposure to ACE inhibitors after the first trimester of pregnancy had been associated with adverse outcomes in the existing literature, we divided the cases into those exposed in the first trimester only (considered as the baseline group) and cases exposed beyond or after this time. Frequency of reported adverse outcomes in the second group was compared with those in the baseline group; odds ratios were computed, taking account of potentially confounding variables by logistic regression where appropriate. Exposure to enalapril after the first trimester of pregnancy was strongly associated with oligohydramnios and specific adverse outcomes thought to be secondary to reduced amniotic fluid volume (limb deformities, cranial ossification deficits, lung hypoplasia), as well as with neonatal renal failure. The relationship did not change after taking numerous potential confounders into account, including duration of exposure, concomitant drug use, maternal age, concurrent disease, neonatal gender, and gestational age at birth. Such a pattern of abnormalities is considered to be a consequence of the effect of ACE inhibition on fetal renal function that develops after the first trimester. The specificity and temporality of the observed adverse manifestations suggest a causal relationship to enalapril exposure. JF - Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety AU - Tabacova, Sonia AU - Little, Ruth AU - Tsong, Yi AU - Vega, Amarilys AU - Kimmel, Carole A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, DNDP, HFD-120, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. tabacovas@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 633 EP - 646 VL - 12 IS - 8 SN - 1053-8569, 1053-8569 KW - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors KW - 0 KW - Enalapril KW - 69PN84IO1A KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- etiology KW - Enalapril -- adverse effects KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71525504?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.atitle=Adverse+pregnancy+outcomes+associated+with+maternal+enalapril+antihypertensive+treatment.&rft.au=Tabacova%2C+Sonia%3BLittle%2C+Ruth%3BTsong%2C+Yi%3BVega%2C+Amarilys%3BKimmel%2C+Carole+A&rft.aulast=Tabacova&rft.aufirst=Sonia&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=633&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacoepidemiology+and+drug+safety&rft.issn=10538569&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-20 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mercury, cadmium, and arsenite enhance heat shock protein synthesis in chick embryos prior to embryotoxicity. AN - 71512998; 14745979 AB - Cells respond to adverse environmental stimuli by enhancing the expression of specific genes, the products of which include a suite of proteins known as heat shock proteins (hsps), a response often attributed to cellular protection. In this study, we characterized alterations in hsp expression in chick embryos (Hamburger-Hamilton stage 17, 72 h) exposed in ovo to arsenite (As), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd), known developmental toxicants. Embryos were incubated for 2 h following exposure to 3, 10, 30, or 100 nmol metal, or for 2, 4, 12, or 24 h following treatment with 10 nmol metal. An enhanced de novo synthesis of 24-, 70-, and 90-kD, 70- and 90-kD, and 70-kD proteins was observed with As, Hg, and Cd treatments, respectively. These responses were transient; apparent rates of protein synthesis were maximal 2-4 h after exposure and returned to control rates by 24 h. Actinomycin D experiments demonstrated that arsenite-induced expression of these proteins is transcriptionally regulated. Immunoblotting experiments identified the 24-, 70-, and 90-kD proteins as the heat shock proteins hsp24, hsp70, and hsp90, respectively. Exposure duration-related abnormalities were noted in the neural tube with all metals and in the ganglia and somites with Cd and As. Retina, allantois, and limb defects were specific to Cd-treated embryos, and branchial arch defects were specific to As-treated embryos. The data support metal-induced developmental abnormalities, which are preceded by synthesis of stress proteins. JF - Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology AU - Papaconstantinou, Andriana D AU - Brown, Ken M AU - Noren, Bradley T AU - McAlister, Terence AU - Fisher, Benjamin R AU - Goering, Peter L AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 456 EP - 464 VL - 68 IS - 6 SN - 1542-9733, 1542-9733 KW - Arsenites KW - 0 KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Heat-Shock Proteins KW - Cadmium KW - 00BH33GNGH KW - Dactinomycin KW - 1CC1JFE158 KW - Mercury KW - FXS1BY2PGL KW - arsenite KW - N5509X556J KW - Index Medicus KW - Immunoblotting KW - HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Dactinomycin -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Chick Embryo KW - HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Time Factors KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Heat-Shock Proteins -- metabolism KW - Protein Biosynthesis KW - Cadmium -- pharmacology KW - Cadmium -- metabolism KW - Arsenites -- pharmacology KW - Mercury -- pharmacology KW - Embryo, Nonmammalian KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71512998?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birth+defects+research.+Part+B%2C+Developmental+and+reproductive+toxicology&rft.atitle=Mercury%2C+cadmium%2C+and+arsenite+enhance+heat+shock+protein+synthesis+in+chick+embryos+prior+to+embryotoxicity.&rft.au=Papaconstantinou%2C+Andriana+D%3BBrown%2C+Ken+M%3BNoren%2C+Bradley+T%3BMcAlister%2C+Terence%3BFisher%2C+Benjamin+R%3BGoering%2C+Peter+L&rft.aulast=Papaconstantinou&rft.aufirst=Andriana&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=456&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Birth+defects+research.+Part+B%2C+Developmental+and+reproductive+toxicology&rft.issn=15429733&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical trial of endorectal amifostine for radioprotection in patients with prostate cancer: rationale and early results. AN - 71511896; 14727242 AB - Tolerance of the normal rectal mucosa to radiation injury limits the dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate gland with definitive external beam radiation therapy. The radioprotective agent amifostine (Ethyol; MedImmune, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD) is approved for intravenous use. Laboratory studies indicate that rectal administration results in preferential accumulation of amifostine in the rectal mucosa, and in clinical studies, neither free parent compound nor free active metabolite has been detected in the systemic circulation. This trial evaluates the rates of early and late rectal toxicities in patients with prostate cancer receiving definitive or adjuvant three-dimensional conformal external beam radiation therapy and concurrent daily endorectal applications of amifostine. Endpoints include Radiation Therapy Oncology Group acute and late toxicity gradings, Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite self-assessment questionnaires, and proctoscopic examinations with scoring of mucosal damage measured before, during, and after treatment. Eleven patients have been enrolled to date; 10 have completed radiotherapy and three have been followed-up to 6 months. Two patients received 66 Gy to the prostatic bed post-prostatectomy; five patients received 74 Gy and three received 76 Gy to the prostate gland. In all patients, daily fractionation was 2 Gy, and 1 g of amifostine (50 mg/mL in 20 mL reconstituted saline) was administered endorectally 40 minutes before radiation delivery. Daily endorectal administration was well tolerated. To date, six patients have experienced grade 2 (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) acute toxicities, all but one because of frequent bowel movements relieved by loperamide. The initial trial will proceed until 18 patients are accrued, at which time an interval evaluation of both early and late toxicity endpoints will be conducted. JF - Seminars in oncology AU - Ménard, Cynthia AU - Camphausen, Kevin AU - Muanza, Thierry AU - Sears-Crouse, Nancy AU - Smith, Sharon AU - Ben-Josef, Edgar AU - Coleman, C Norman AD - Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 63 EP - 67 VL - 30 IS - 6 Suppl 18 SN - 0093-7754, 0093-7754 KW - Radiation-Protective Agents KW - 0 KW - Amifostine KW - M487QF2F4V KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiotherapy, Conformal KW - Radiotherapy Dosage KW - Radiation Injuries -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Administration, Rectal KW - Male KW - Amifostine -- therapeutic use KW - Radiation-Protective Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Radiation-Protective Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Amifostine -- administration & dosage KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- radiotherapy KW - Adenocarcinoma -- radiotherapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71511896?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seminars+in+oncology&rft.atitle=Clinical+trial+of+endorectal+amifostine+for+radioprotection+in+patients+with+prostate+cancer%3A+rationale+and+early+results.&rft.au=M%C3%A9nard%2C+Cynthia%3BCamphausen%2C+Kevin%3BMuanza%2C+Thierry%3BSears-Crouse%2C+Nancy%3BSmith%2C+Sharon%3BBen-Josef%2C+Edgar%3BColeman%2C+C+Norman&rft.aulast=M%C3%A9nard&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=6+Suppl+18&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Seminars+in+oncology&rft.issn=00937754&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development and use of an ELISA test to detect IgE antibody to Cry9c following possible exposure to bioengineered corn. AN - 71506508; 14707463 AB - Starlink(TM), a variety of corn genetically engineered to contain the insecticidal protein Cry9c, had not been approved for human consumption because it possessed some characteristics associated with allergenic proteins. However, in the fall of 2000 CRY9C DNA was detected in several corn-containing products, suggesting that Starlink corn had entered the human food supply. Subsequently, consumers, following consumption of corn products, reported a number of adverse health events, possibly consistent with allergic reaction. To investigate the possibility of allergic reactions due to Cry9c in these consumers an ELISA test was developed for the purpose of detecting IgE antibodies to Cry9c and blood samples were taken from a total of 18 people who self-reported allergic reactions. Sera collected prior to the 1996 development of Starlink were used as negative controls. None of the adverse event sera were found to be reactive with recombinant Cry9c antigen, based on comparison with normal controls. Although a known human positive control serum containing IgE specific for Cry9c was not available, other controls were incorporated into the ELISA protocol, including the use of sera from subjects allergic to other allergens and their homologous antigens (cat, grass, peanut) to validate the IgE detection reagents. While the results do not support the likely occurrence of allergic reactions to Cry9c, such reactions cannot be ruled out, nor can the possibility that sera might react with unique glycosylated epitopes of Cry9c that may be expressed in the corn plant/seed. Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel JF - International archives of allergy and immunology AU - Raybourne, Richard B AU - Williams, Kristina M AU - Vogt, Robert AU - Reissman, Dori B AU - Winterton, Brad S AU - Rubin, Carol AD - Immunobiology Branch, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. richard.raybourne@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 322 EP - 328 VL - 132 IS - 4 SN - 1018-2438, 1018-2438 KW - Bacterial Proteins KW - 0 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - Endotoxins KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis KW - Immunoglobulin E KW - 37341-29-0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- methods KW - Humans KW - Environmental Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Zea mays -- immunology KW - Food Hypersensitivity -- etiology KW - Immunoglobulin E -- blood KW - Plants, Genetically Modified -- adverse effects KW - Plants, Genetically Modified -- immunology KW - Food Hypersensitivity -- immunology KW - Bacterial Proteins -- adverse effects KW - Endotoxins -- immunology KW - Food, Genetically Modified -- adverse effects KW - Bacterial Proteins -- immunology KW - Endotoxins -- adverse effects KW - Food Hypersensitivity -- blood KW - Zea mays -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71506508?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+archives+of+allergy+and+immunology&rft.atitle=Development+and+use+of+an+ELISA+test+to+detect+IgE+antibody+to+Cry9c+following+possible+exposure+to+bioengineered+corn.&rft.au=Raybourne%2C+Richard+B%3BWilliams%2C+Kristina+M%3BVogt%2C+Robert%3BReissman%2C+Dori+B%3BWinterton%2C+Brad+S%3BRubin%2C+Carol&rft.aulast=Raybourne&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=132&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=322&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+archives+of+allergy+and+immunology&rft.issn=10182438&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-10 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunological function in mice exposed to JP-8 jet fuel in utero. AN - 71456664; 14514957 AB - Immunological parameters, host resistance, and thyroid hormones were evaluated in F1 mice exposed in utero to jet propulsion fuel-8 (JP-8). C57BL/6 pregnant dams (mated with C3H/HeJ males) were gavaged daily on gestation days 6-15 with JP-8 in a vehicle of olive oil at 0, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg. At weaning (3 weeks of age), no significant differences were observed in body, liver, spleen, or thymus weight, splenic and thymic cellularity, splenic CD4/CD8 lymphocyte subpopulations, or T-cell proliferation. Yet, lymphocytic proliferative responses to B-cell mitogens were suppressed in the 2000 mg/kg treatment group. In addition, thymic CD4-/CD8+ cells were significantly increased. By adulthood (8 weeks of age), lymphocyte proliferative responses and the alteration in thymic CD4-/CD8+ cells had returned to normal. However, splenic weight and thymic cellularity were altered, and the IgM plaque forming cell response was suppressed by 46% and 81% in the 1000 and 2000 mg/kg treatment groups, respectively. Furthermore, a 38% decrease was detected in the total T4 serum hormone level at 2000 mg/kg. In F1 adults, no significant alterations were observed in natural killer cell activity, T-cell lymphocyte proliferation, bone marrow cellularity and proliferative responses, complete blood counts, peritoneal and splenic cellularity, liver, kidney, or thymus weight, macrophage phagocytosis or nitric oxide production, splenic CD4/CD8 lymphocyte subpopulations, or total T3 serum hormone levels. Host resistance models in treated F1 adults demonstrated that immunological responses were normal after challenge with Listeria monocytogenes, but heightened susceptibility to B16F10 tumor challenge was seen at both treatment levels. This study demonstrates that prenatal exposure to JP-8 can target the developing murine fetus and result in impaired immune function and altered T4 levels in adulthood. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Keil, Deborah E AU - Warren, D Alan AU - Jenny, Matthew J AU - EuDaly, Jackie G AU - Smythe, Joshua AU - Peden-Adams, Margie M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. dkeil@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 347 EP - 356 VL - 76 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - 0 KW - JP8 aviation fuel KW - Petroleum KW - Thyroid Hormones KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Disease Susceptibility -- immunology KW - Mice KW - Melanoma, Experimental -- immunology KW - Pregnancy KW - Lymphocyte Activation -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Disease Susceptibility -- chemically induced KW - Thyroid Hormones -- blood KW - Female KW - Male KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- immunology KW - Petroleum -- toxicity KW - Hydrocarbons -- administration & dosage KW - Immunity, Maternally-Acquired -- drug effects KW - Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71456664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Immunological+function+in+mice+exposed+to+JP-8+jet+fuel+in+utero.&rft.au=Keil%2C+Deborah+E%3BWarren%2C+D+Alan%3BJenny%2C+Matthew+J%3BEuDaly%2C+Jackie+G%3BSmythe%2C+Joshua%3BPeden-Adams%2C+Margie+M&rft.aulast=Keil&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-08-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biomonitoring of chemical exposure among New York City firefighters responding to the World Trade Center fire and collapse. AN - 71426242; 14644665 AB - The collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) on 11 September 2001 exposed New York City firefighters to smoke and dust of unprecedented magnitude and duration. The chemicals and the concentrations produced from any fire are difficult to predict, but estimates of internal dose exposures can be assessed by the biological monitoring of blood and urine. We analyzed blood and urine specimens obtained from 321 firefighters responding to the WTC fires and collapse for 110 potentially fire-related chemicals. Controls consisted of 47 firefighters not present at the WTC. Sampling occurred 3 weeks after 11 September, while fires were still burning. When reference or background ranges were available, most chemical concentrations were found to be generally low and not outside these ranges. Compared with controls, the exposed firefighters showed significant differences in adjusted geometric means for six of the chemicals and significantly greater detection rates for an additional three. Arrival time was a significant predictor variable for four chemicals. Special Operations Command firefighters (n = 95), compared with other responding WTC firefighters (n = 226), had differences in concentrations or detection rate for 14 of the chemicals. Values for the Special Operations Command firefighters were also significantly different from the control group values for these same chemicals and for two additional chemicals. Generally, the chemical concentrations in the other firefighter group were not different from those of controls. Biomonitoring was used to characterize firefighter exposure at the WTC disaster. Although some of the chemicals analyzed showed statistically significant differences, these differences were generally small. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Edelman, Philip AU - Osterloh, John AU - Pirkle, James AU - Caudill, Sam P AU - Grainger, James AU - Jones, Robert AU - Blount, Ben AU - Calafat, Antonia AU - Turner, Wayman AU - Feldman, Debra AU - Baron, Sherry AU - Bernard, Bruce AU - Lushniak, Boris D AU - Kelly, Kerry AU - Prezant, David AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. philip.edelman@hhs.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 1906 EP - 1911 VL - 111 IS - 16 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Metals, Heavy KW - Mutagens KW - Smoke KW - Index Medicus KW - New York City KW - Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Mutagens -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Carcinogens -- analysis KW - Metals, Heavy -- analysis KW - Terrorism KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Smoke -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- statistics & numerical data KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Fires -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71426242?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Biomonitoring+of+chemical+exposure+among+New+York+City+firefighters+responding+to+the+World+Trade+Center+fire+and+collapse.&rft.au=Edelman%2C+Philip%3BOsterloh%2C+John%3BPirkle%2C+James%3BCaudill%2C+Sam+P%3BGrainger%2C+James%3BJones%2C+Robert%3BBlount%2C+Ben%3BCalafat%2C+Antonia%3BTurner%2C+Wayman%3BFeldman%2C+Debra%3BBaron%2C+Sherry%3BBernard%2C+Bruce%3BLushniak%2C+Boris+D%3BKelly%2C+Kerry%3BPrezant%2C+David&rft.aulast=Edelman&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=1906&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Carcinogenesis. 1998 Nov;19(11):1963-8 [9855010] J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002 May 25;772(1):131-7 [12016024] J Chromatogr Sci. 2000 Feb;38(2):49-54 [10677832] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2000 Apr;9(4):373-80 [10794481] Occup Environ Med. 2000 Mar;57(3):204-10 [10810104] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2000 Jul;73(5):331-8 [10963417] Ann Occup Hyg. 2001 Jan;45(1):3-13 [11137694] J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2001 Jun 8;63(3):191-206 [11405415] Ann Occup Hyg. 2001 Jul;45(5):395-408 [11418090] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2001 Sep;74(7):505-13 [11697454] Toxicology. 1996 Dec 31;115(1-3):7-23 [9016738] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1997 Jan;58(1):23-8 [9018833] Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1996 Nov;31(4):585-90 [8975833] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1997 Jun;23(3):199-205 [9243730] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1997 Sep;58(9):661-6 [9291565] Occup Environ Med. 1997 Aug;54(8):619-21 [9326167] Clin Chem. 1997 Dec;43(12):2281-91 [9439445] Environ Res. 1998 Jan;76(1):53-9 [9466897] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1998 Feb;7(2):169-73 [9488593] Anal Bioanal Chem. 2002 Jan;372(1):216-20 [11939197] Occup Environ Med. 1995 Nov;52(11):750-6 [8535495] Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2002 May;17(5):379-86 [12018402] Occup Environ Med. 2002 Jun;59(6):362-8 [12040109] Arch Environ Health. 2002 Jul-Aug;57(4):282-93 [12530594] Environ Health Perspect. 1975 Jun;11:163-89 [170077] Environ Health Perspect. 1976 Oct;17:55-63 [1026419] Carcinogenesis. 1985 May;6(5):749-52 [4006058] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1987;59(5):469-74 [3653992] Analyst. 1987 Dec;112(12):1701-4 [3445938] N Engl J Med. 1991 Dec 19;325(25):1761-6 [1944484] Med Lav. 1992 Sep-Oct;83(5):519-29 [1297067] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1993 Jun;54(6):277-84 [8328359] Br J Ind Med. 1993 Jul;50(7):623-32 [8343423] Clin Chem. 1994 Jul;40(7 Pt 2):1376-84 [8013122] Sci Total Environ. 1995 Feb 24;163(1-3):169-77 [7716495] Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1995 Jan-Feb;4(1):69-77 [7894326] Clin Chem. 1994 Jul;40(7 Pt 2):1401-4 [8013127] Cancer Detect Prev. 1995;19(3):258-67 [7750114] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1995;67(2):119-23 [7672855] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1995;67(3):211-7 [7591181] Comment In: Environ Health Perspect. 2003 Dec;111(16):A896 [14674391] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicokinetics of chloral hydrate in ad libitum-fed, dietary-controlled, and calorically restricted male B6C3F1 mice following short-term exposure. AN - 71424873; 14644628 AB - Chloral hydrate is widely used as a sedative in pediatric medicine and is a by-product of water chlorination and a metabolic intermediate in the biotransformation of trichloroethylene. Chloral hydrate and its major metabolite, trichloroacetic acid, induce liver tumors in B6C3F1 mice, a strain that can exhibit high rates of background liver tumor incidence, which is associated with increased body weight. This report describes the influence of diet and body weight on the acute toxicity, hepatic enzyme response, and toxickinetics of chloral hydrate as part of a larger study investigating the carcinogenicity of chloral hydrate in ad libitum-fed and dietary controlled mice. Dietary control involves moderate food restriction to maintain the test animals at an idealized body weight. Mice were dosed with chloral hydrate at 0, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg daily, 5 days/week, by aqueous gavage for 2 weekly dosing cycles. Three diet groups were used: ad libitum, dietary control, and 40% caloric restriction. Both dietary control and caloric restriction slightly reduced acute toxicity of high doses of chloral hydrate and potentiated the induction of hepatic enzymes associated with peroxisome proliferation. Chloral hydrate toxicokinetics were investigated using blood samples obtained by sequential tail clipping and a microscale gas chromatography technique. It was rapidly cleared from serum within 3 h of dosing. Trichloroacetate was the major metabolite in serum in all three diet groups. Although the area under the curve values for serum trichloroacetate were slightly greater in the dietary controlled and calorically restricted groups than in the ad libitum-fed groups, this increase did not appear to completely account for the potentiation of hepatic enzyme induction by dietary restriction. JF - Toxicology and applied pharmacology AU - Seng, John E AU - Agrawal, Nalini AU - Horsley, Elizabeth T M AU - Leakey, Tatiana I AU - Scherer, Erin M AU - Xia, Shijun AU - Allaben, William T AU - Leakey, Julian E A AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/12/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 01 SP - 281 EP - 292 VL - 193 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives KW - 0 KW - Chloral Hydrate KW - 418M5916WG KW - Trichloroacetic Acid KW - 5V2JDO056X KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A KW - EC 1.14.15.3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Area Under Curve KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A -- biosynthesis KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Longevity -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Trichloroacetic Acid -- blood KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Microchemistry KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Enzyme Induction KW - Male KW - Chloral Hydrate -- toxicity KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- toxicity KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- administration & dosage KW - Hypnotics and Sedatives -- pharmacokinetics KW - Food Deprivation KW - Caloric Restriction KW - Chloral Hydrate -- administration & dosage KW - Chloral Hydrate -- pharmacokinetics KW - Feeding Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71424873?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Toxicokinetics+of+chloral+hydrate+in+ad+libitum-fed%2C+dietary-controlled%2C+and+calorically+restricted+male+B6C3F1+mice+following+short-term+exposure.&rft.au=Seng%2C+John+E%3BAgrawal%2C+Nalini%3BHorsley%2C+Elizabeth+T+M%3BLeakey%2C+Tatiana+I%3BScherer%2C+Erin+M%3BXia%2C+Shijun%3BAllaben%2C+William+T%3BLeakey%2C+Julian+E+A&rft.aulast=Seng&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=193&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+applied+pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Intravenous administration of replication-incompetent adenovirus to rhesus monkeys induces thrombocytopenia by increasing in vivo platelet clearance. AN - 71397171; 14632782 AB - A replication-incompetent adenovirus vector was administered to rhesus macaques at 1, 3 and 6 x 1012 particles/kg doses to investigate its toxicity. Platelet count decrements of 28%, 82% and 90%, respectively, were observed, with corresponding platelet half-lives of 69.0, 25.2 and 22.2 h (compared with 111 h in untreated animals). The platelet decline was equivalent for all three doses for 8 h, and platelet count recovery began as early as 8 h after infusion for low-dose recipients, or as late as 24 h for the medium and high dose recipients. These observations suggest that thrombocytopenia is a saturable, reversible consumptive process. JF - British journal of haematology AU - Wolins, N AU - Lozier, J AU - Eggerman, T L AU - Jones, E AU - Aguilar-Córdova, E AU - Vostal, J G AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 903 EP - 905 VL - 123 IS - 5 SN - 0007-1048, 0007-1048 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intravenous KW - Genetic Engineering KW - Macaca mulatta KW - Platelet Count KW - Genetic Vectors -- administration & dosage KW - Blood Platelets -- virology KW - Thrombocytopenia -- virology KW - Adenoviridae Infections -- complications KW - Adenoviridae -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71397171?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+journal+of+haematology&rft.atitle=Intravenous+administration+of+replication-incompetent+adenovirus+to+rhesus+monkeys+induces+thrombocytopenia+by+increasing+in+vivo+platelet+clearance.&rft.au=Wolins%2C+N%3BLozier%2C+J%3BEggerman%2C+T+L%3BJones%2C+E%3BAguilar-C%C3%B3rdova%2C+E%3BVostal%2C+J+G&rft.aulast=Wolins&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=903&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=British+journal+of+haematology&rft.issn=00071048&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of respiratory symptoms among female flight attendants and teachers. AN - 71393056; 14634183 AB - Potential health effects of the indoor environment in office buildings and aircraft have generated considerable concern in recent years. To analyse the prevalence of self reported respiratory symptoms and illnesses in flight attendants (FAs) and schoolteachers. Data were collected as part of a study of reproductive health among female FAs. The prevalences of work related eye, nose, and throat symptoms, wheezing, physician diagnosed asthma, chest illness, and cold or flu were calculated and stratified by smoking status in 1824 FAs and 331 schoolteachers. FAs and teachers were significantly more likely to report work related eye (12.4% and 7.4 %, respectively), nose (15.7% and 8.1%), and throat symptoms (7.5% and 5.7%) than were other working women (2.9% eye, 2.7% nose, and 1.3% throat symptoms). FAs were significantly more likely than teachers and referent working women to report chest illness during the prior three years (32.9%, 19.3%, 7.2%, respectively). Both study groups were more likely to report five or more episodes of cold or flu in the past year than were other working women (10.2% of FAs, 8.2% of teachers, 2.3% of referents), and both groups were more likely to report wheezing than other working women (22.8% of FAs, 28.4% of teachers, 16.4% of referents). FAs were significantly less likely than teachers and other working women to report ever having been diagnosed with asthma (8.2%, 13.3%, 11.8%, respectively). Overall, FAs and schoolteachers report a higher prevalence of work related upper respiratory symptoms, chest illness, and cold or flu than the general working population. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Whelan, E A AU - Lawson, C C AU - Grajewski, B AU - Petersen, M R AU - Pinkerton, L E AU - Ward, E M AU - Schnorr, T M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Industrywide Studies Branch, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. EWhelan@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 929 EP - 934 VL - 60 IS - 12 KW - Index Medicus KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- adverse effects KW - Schools KW - Respiratory Sounds -- etiology KW - Environment, Controlled KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Teaching KW - Aircraft KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- etiology KW - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71393056?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+respiratory+symptoms+among+female+flight+attendants+and+teachers.&rft.au=Whelan%2C+E+A%3BLawson%2C+C+C%3BGrajewski%2C+B%3BPetersen%2C+M+R%3BPinkerton%2C+L+E%3BWard%2C+E+M%3BSchnorr%2C+T+M&rft.aulast=Whelan&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=1470-7926&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Occup Med. 2001 Jan-Mar;16(1):65-78 [11107225] Indoor Air. 2000 Dec;10(4):246-57 [11089329] BMJ. 2000 Jul 8;321(7253):88-92 [10884260] Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2000 Mar;15(3):277-83 [10701290] Indoor Air. 1999 Dec;9(4):226-52 [10649857] Am J Ind Med. 1997 Sep;32(3):275-82 [9219658] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1995 Feb;21(1):51-9 [7784865] J Occup Med. 1984 May;26(5):367-74 [6610040] Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1983;52(2):117-37 [6629504] J Occup Environ Med. 2002 Oct;44(10):947-55 [12391774] Rev Environ Health. 2002 Jan-Mar;17(1):1-49 [12088092] Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2001 Oct;16(10):952-60 [11599544] Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1998 Jul;59(7):446-54 [9697291] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Benefits and risks of solitary islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes using steroid-sparing immunosuppression: the National Institutes of Health experience. AN - 71384261; 14633816 AB - The aim of this study was to describe the National Institutes of Health's experience initiating an islet isolation and transplantation center, including descriptions of our first six recipients, and lessons learned. Six females with chronic type 1 diabetes, hypoglycemia unawareness, and no endogenous insulin secretion (undetectable serum C-peptide) were transplanted with allogenic islets procured from brain dead donors. To prevent islet rejection, patients received daclizumab, sirolimus, and tacrolimus. All patients noted less frequent and less severe hypoglycemia, and one-half were insulin independent at 1 year. Serum C-peptide persists in all but one patient (follow-up 17-22 months), indicating continued islet function. Two major procedure-related complications occurred: partial portal vein thrombosis and intra-abdominal hemorrhage. While we observed no cytomegalovirus infection or malignancy, recipients frequently developed transient mouth ulcers, diarrhea, edema, hypercholesterolemia, weight loss, myelosuppression, and other symptoms. Three patients discontinued immunosuppressive therapy: two because of intolerable toxicity (deteriorating kidney function and sirolimus-induced pneumonitis) while having evidence for continued islet function (one was insulin independent) and one because of gradually disappearing islet function. We established an islet isolation and transplantation program and achieved a 50% insulin-independence rate after at most two islet infusions. Our experience demonstrates that centers not previously engaged in islet transplantation can initiate a program, and our data and literature analysis support not only the promise of islet transplantation but also its remaining hurdles, which include the limited islet supply, procedure-associated complications, imperfect immunosuppressive regimens, suboptimal glycemia control, and loss of function over time. JF - Diabetes care AU - Hirshberg, Boaz AU - Rother, Kristina I AU - Digon, Benigno J AU - Lee, Janet AU - Gaglia, Jason L AU - Hines, Kenneth AU - Read, Elizabeth J AU - Chang, Richard AU - Wood, Bradford J AU - Harlan, David M AD - Transplantation and Autoimmunity Branch, National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 3288 EP - 3295 VL - 26 IS - 12 SN - 0149-5992, 0149-5992 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized KW - Blood Glucose KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Immunosuppressive Agents KW - daclizumab KW - CUJ2MVI71Y KW - Sirolimus KW - W36ZG6FT64 KW - Tacrolimus KW - WM0HAQ4WNM KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Blood Glucose -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Hypoglycemia -- epidemiology KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Immunosuppression -- adverse effects KW - Adult KW - Postoperative Complications -- epidemiology KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - Postoperative Complications -- classification KW - Time Factors KW - Immunosuppression -- methods KW - Female KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 -- immunology KW - Tacrolimus -- therapeutic use KW - Islets of Langerhans Transplantation -- adverse effects KW - Sirolimus -- therapeutic use KW - Immunosuppressive Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 -- surgery KW - Immunoglobulin G -- therapeutic use KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71384261?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diabetes+care&rft.atitle=Benefits+and+risks+of+solitary+islet+transplantation+for+type+1+diabetes+using+steroid-sparing+immunosuppression%3A+the+National+Institutes+of+Health+experience.&rft.au=Hirshberg%2C+Boaz%3BRother%2C+Kristina+I%3BDigon%2C+Benigno+J%3BLee%2C+Janet%3BGaglia%2C+Jason+L%3BHines%2C+Kenneth%3BRead%2C+Elizabeth+J%3BChang%2C+Richard%3BWood%2C+Bradford+J%3BHarlan%2C+David+M&rft.aulast=Hirshberg&rft.aufirst=Boaz&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3288&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Diabetes+care&rft.issn=01495992&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Diabetes Care. 2004 May;27(5):1249-50; author reply 1250-1 [15111573] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Predicting the carcinogenic potential of pharmaceuticals in rodents using molecular structural similarity and E-state indices. AN - 71377950; 14623477 AB - MDL QSAR (formerly SciVision QSAR IS) software is one of the several software systems under evaluation by the Informatics and Computational Safety Analysis Staff (ICSAS) of the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research for regulatory and scientific decision support applications. MDL QSAR software contains an integrated set of tools for similarity searching, compound clustering, and modeling molecular structure related parameters that includes 240 electrotopological E-state, connectivity, and other descriptors. These molecular descriptors can be statistically correlated with toxicological or biological endpoints. The goal of this research was to evaluate the feasibility of using MDL QSAR software to develop structure-activity relationship (SAR) models that can be used to predict the carcinogenic potential of pharmaceuticals and organic chemicals. A validation study of 108 compounds that include 86 pharmaceuticals and 22 chemicals that were not present in a control rodent carcinogenicity data set of 1275 compounds demonstrated that MDL QSAR models had excellent coverage (93%) and good sensitivity (72%) and specificity (72%) for rodent carcinogenicity. The software correctly predicted 72% of non-carcinogenic compounds and compounds with carcinogenic findings. E-state descriptors contributed to more than half of the SAR models used to predict carcinogenic activity. We believe that electrotopological E-state descriptors and QSAR IS (MDL QSAR) software are promising new in silico approaches for modeling and predicting rodent carcinogenicity and may have application for other toxicological endpoints. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Contrera, Joseph F AU - Matthews, Edwin J AU - Daniel Benz, R AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Science (HFD-901), Informatics and Computational Safety Analysis Staff (ICSAS), Rockville, MD 20857, USA. contrerajf@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 243 EP - 259 VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Organic Chemicals KW - Methylthiouracil KW - QW24888U5F KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Software KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Methylthiouracil -- chemistry KW - Computers KW - Algorithms KW - Mice KW - Methylthiouracil -- toxicity KW - Rats KW - Drug Approval KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Database Management Systems KW - Female KW - Male KW - Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Organic Chemicals -- toxicity KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Forecasting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71377950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Predicting+the+carcinogenic+potential+of+pharmaceuticals+in+rodents+using+molecular+structural+similarity+and+E-state+indices.&rft.au=Contrera%2C+Joseph+F%3BMatthews%2C+Edwin+J%3BDaniel+Benz%2C+R&rft.aulast=Contrera&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=243&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular cloning, characterization, and distribution of the gerbil angiotensin II AT2 receptor. AN - 71366752; 14615403 AB - We isolated a cDNA clone encoding the gerbil AT2 receptor (gAT2) gene from a gerbil adrenal gland cDNA library. The full-length cDNA contains a 1,089-bp open reading frame encoding 363 amino acid residues with 90.9, 96.1, and 95.6% identity with the human (hAT2), rat (rAT2), and mouse AT2 (mAT2) receptors, respectively. There are at least seven nonconserved amino acids in the NH2-terminal domain and in positions Val196, Val217, and Met293, important for angiotensin (ANG) II but not for CGP-42112 binding. Displacement studies in adrenal sections revealed that affinity of the gAT2 receptor was 10-20 times lower for ANG II, ANG III, and PD-123319 than was affinity of the rAT2 receptor. The affinity of each receptor remained the same for CGP-42112. When transfected into COS-7 cells, the gAT2 receptor shows affinity for ANG II that is three times lower than that shown by the hAT2 receptor, whereas affinities for ANG III and the AT2 receptor ligands CGP-42112 and PD-123319 were similar. Autoradiography in sections of the gerbil head showed higher binding in muscles, retina, skin, and molars at embryonic day 19 than at 1 wk of age. In situ hybridization and emulsion autoradiography revealed that at embryonic day 19 the gAT2 receptor mRNA was highly localized to the base of the dental papilla of maxillary and mandibular molars. Our results suggest selective growth-related functions in late gestation and early postnatal periods for the gAT2 receptor and provide an essential basis for future mutagenesis studies to further define structural requirements for agonist binding. JF - American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology AU - Hoe, Kwang-Lae AU - Armando, Ines AU - Baiardi, Gustavo AU - Sreenath, Taduru AU - Kulkarni, Ashok AU - Martínez, Alfredo AU - Saavedra, Juan M AD - Section on Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1514, USA. armandoi@intra.nimh.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - R1373 EP - R1383 VL - 285 IS - 6 SN - 0363-6119, 0363-6119 KW - RNA, Messenger KW - 0 KW - Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Gerbillinae KW - Blotting, Northern KW - COS Cells KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Radioligand Assay KW - Protein Binding KW - Cloning, Molecular KW - Rats KW - In Situ Hybridization KW - Transfection KW - Blotting, Southern KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Species Specificity KW - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental KW - Male KW - Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 -- metabolism KW - Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 -- chemistry KW - Adrenal Glands -- embryology KW - Head -- embryology KW - Tooth -- embryology KW - Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 -- genetics KW - Adrenal Glands -- physiology KW - Head -- physiology KW - Tooth -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71366752?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+physiology.+Regulatory%2C+integrative+and+comparative+physiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+cloning%2C+characterization%2C+and+distribution+of+the+gerbil+angiotensin+II+AT2+receptor.&rft.au=Hoe%2C+Kwang-Lae%3BArmando%2C+Ines%3BBaiardi%2C+Gustavo%3BSreenath%2C+Taduru%3BKulkarni%2C+Ashok%3BMart%C3%ADnez%2C+Alfredo%3BSaavedra%2C+Juan+M&rft.aulast=Hoe&rft.aufirst=Kwang-Lae&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=285&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=R1373&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+physiology.+Regulatory%2C+integrative+and+comparative+physiology&rft.issn=03636119&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of systemic hypersensitivity to drugs using standard guinea pig assays. AN - 71353615; 14599760 AB - The most commonly used assays designed to detect either skin or systemic immune-based hypersensitivity reactions are those using guinea pigs (GP). We obtained data from various FDA records to evaluate the correlation between GP assay results and reported post-marketing systemic hypersensitivity reactions. We examined the new drug application (NDA) reviews of approved drugs for the results of GP assays. Post-marketing human data were extracted from the FDA adverse event reporting system (AERS). Drug usage data were obtained from a commercial database maintained by IMS Health Inc. We found 83 (21%) of 396 drugs approved between 1978 and 1998 had reported GP test results. Among these 83 drugs, 14 (17%) were found to have positive results in at least one GP assay. Simple reporting index (RI) values for systemic hypersensitivity reactions were calculated from AERS data and usage to produce the index of adverse event reports per million shipping units of drug. A variety of definitions of positive human response were examined. A statistically significant association was seen for rash between post-marketing and clinical trials adverse event reports. No statistically significant associations between human data and GP test results were observed. These data suggest that standard GP assays have limited ability to predict human systemic hypersensitivity potential for pharmaceuticals. JF - Toxicology AU - Weaver, James L AU - Staten, David AU - Swann, Joslyn AU - Armstrong, George AU - Bates, Melissa AU - Hastings, Kenneth L AD - Office of Testing and Research, Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), MOD-1, 8301 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. weaver@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 01 SP - 203 EP - 217 VL - 193 IS - 3 SN - 0300-483X, 0300-483X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Animals KW - Guinea Pigs KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Databases, Factual KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Drug Hypersensitivity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71353615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology&rft.atitle=Detection+of+systemic+hypersensitivity+to+drugs+using+standard+guinea+pig+assays.&rft.au=Weaver%2C+James+L%3BStaten%2C+David%3BSwann%2C+Joslyn%3BArmstrong%2C+George%3BBates%2C+Melissa%3BHastings%2C+Kenneth+L&rft.aulast=Weaver&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=193&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=203&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology&rft.issn=0300483X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of galE gene by polymerase chain reaction in campylobacters associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome. AN - 71348230; 14602483 AB - Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a neuromuscular disorder and campylobacteriosis is known to trigger the onset of the disorder. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was developed that could specifically amplify a 497-bp region of the UDP-galactose 4-epimerase (galE) gene sequence in campylobacters responsible for triggering the onset of GBS. The identity of the PCR product was confirmed by Hind III endonuclease restriction digestion, which produced the predicted 430 and 67-bp DNA fragments. The assay could detect the presence of the gene in Campylobacter suspensions containing as few as 5 cells ml(-1). The assay detected the presence of the gene in 17 of the 20 campylobacters isolated from chicken, 9 of the 13 campylobacters isolated from turkey and 7 of the 7 campylobacters isolated from human stools. All Campylobacter strains isolated from chicken, turkey and clinical samples were resistant to multiple antibiotics. The assay failed to detect the presence of the gene in five different microaerophilic strains of Helicobacter spp., E. coli and Salmonella spp. The entire diagnostic assay, including template preparation, amplification and electrophoresis, can be completed within 6 h. JF - Molecular and cellular probes AU - Nawaz, Mohamed S AU - Wang, Rong-Fu AU - Khan, Saeed A AU - Khan, Ashraf A AD - Department of Microbiology, Food and Drug Administration, The National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson AR 72079, Argentina. mnawaz@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 313 EP - 317 VL - 17 IS - 6 SN - 0890-8508, 0890-8508 KW - DNA Primers KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - UDPglucose 4-Epimerase KW - EC 5.1.3.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Feces -- microbiology KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Food Microbiology KW - Turkeys KW - DNA Primers -- genetics KW - Humans KW - DNA, Bacterial -- isolation & purification KW - DNA, Bacterial -- genetics KW - Restriction Mapping KW - Campylobacter Infections -- complications KW - UDPglucose 4-Epimerase -- genetics KW - Campylobacter Infections -- genetics KW - Guillain-Barre Syndrome -- genetics KW - Campylobacter -- genetics KW - Poultry Products -- microbiology KW - Guillain-Barre Syndrome -- complications KW - Campylobacter -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71348230?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.atitle=Detection+of+galE+gene+by+polymerase+chain+reaction+in+campylobacters+associated+with+Guillain-Barre+syndrome.&rft.au=Nawaz%2C+Mohamed+S%3BWang%2C+Rong-Fu%3BKhan%2C+Saeed+A%3BKhan%2C+Ashraf+A&rft.aulast=Nawaz&rft.aufirst=Mohamed&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=313&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+probes&rft.issn=08908508&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - State-Funded Pre-Kindergarten: What the Evidence Shows. AN - 62184828; ED483037 AB - The goal of this report is to review evidence to determine the likelihood that states can meet the challenge of providing high quality, comprehensive early childhood education and whether states would be dedicated to this effort. It examines the role that states play in comprehensive early childhood education by reviewing: (1) states' level of support for pre-kindergarten programs, (2) the quality and effectiveness of state-funded pre-kindergarten, and (3) state efforts to build integrated, comprehensive early childhood systems for children from birth through age five that have a focus on school readiness. (Author) Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 39 PB - ED Pubs, P.O. Box 1398, Jessup, MD 20794-1398. Tel: 877-433-7827 (Toll Free). Web site: http://www.ed.gov. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Educational Finance KW - Financial Needs KW - State Aid KW - Resources UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62184828?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Vibration response as an indicator of ground fall hazards in mining; an investigation using laser Doppler vibrometry AN - 51455304; 2007-038292 JF - Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union AU - Swanson, Peter L AU - Rettkowski, John D AU - Caley, Andrew B AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - Abstract S51D EP - 0081 PB - American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC VL - 84 IS - 46, Suppl. SN - 0096-3941, 0096-3941 KW - mining KW - failures KW - technology KW - monitoring KW - laser methods KW - geologic hazards KW - Doppler effect KW - roof control KW - geophysical methods KW - indicators KW - boundary conditions KW - rock mechanics KW - acoustical methods KW - rock bursts KW - mining geology KW - vibration KW - outcrops KW - vibrometry KW - 30:Engineering geology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/51455304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ageorefmodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.atitle=Vibration+response+as+an+indicator+of+ground+fall+hazards+in+mining%3B+an+investigation+using+laser+Doppler+vibrometry&rft.au=Swanson%2C+Peter+L%3BRettkowski%2C+John+D%3BCaley%2C+Andrew+B%3BAnonymous&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=46%2C+Suppl.&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Eos%2C+Transactions%2C+American+Geophysical+Union&rft.issn=00963941&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - GeoRef N1 - Conference title - American Geophysical Union 2003 fall meeting N1 - Copyright - GeoRef, Copyright 2012, American Geosciences Institute. N1 - Date revised - 2007-01-01 N1 - PubXState - DC N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-07 N1 - CODEN - EOSTAJ N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - acoustical methods; boundary conditions; Doppler effect; failures; geologic hazards; geophysical methods; indicators; laser methods; mining; mining geology; monitoring; outcrops; rock bursts; rock mechanics; roof control; technology; vibration; vibrometry ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular Surveillance of Enterovirus and Norwalk-Like Virus in Oysters Relocated to a Municipal-Sewage-Impacted Gulf Estuary AN - 20156023; 5775941 AB - An 18-month survey was conducted to examine the prevalence of enteric viruses and their relationship to indicators in environmentally polluted shellfish. Groups of oysters, one group per 4 weeks, were relocated to a coastal water area in the Gulf of Mexico that is impacted by municipal sewage and were analyzed for enteroviruses, Norwalk-like viruses (NLV), and indicator microorganisms (fecal coliform, Escherichia coli, and male-specific coliphages). The levels of indicator microorganisms were consistent with the expected continuous pollution of the area. Fourteen of the 18 oyster samples were found by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to harbor NLV and/or enterovirus sequences. Of the four virus-negative oysters, three had exposure to water temperatures of >29 degree C. Concomitant with these findings, two of these four oysters also accumulated the lowest levels of coliphages. PCR primers targeting pan-enteroviruses and the NLV 95/96-US common subset were utilized; NLV sequences were detected more frequently than those of enteroviruses. Within the 12-month sampling period, NLV and enterovirus sequences were detected in 58 and 42%, respectively, of the oysters (67% of the oysters tested were positive for at least one virus) from a prohibited shellfish-growing area approximately 30 m away from a sewage discharge site. Eight (4.6%) of the 175 NLV capsid nucleotide sequences were heterogeneous among the clones derived from naturally polluted oysters. Overall, enteric viral sequences were found in the contaminated oysters throughout all seasons except hot summer, with a higher prevalence of NLV than enterovirus. Although a high percentage of the oysters harbored enteric viruses, the virus levels were usually less than or equal to 2 logs of RT-PCR-detectable units per gram of oyster meat. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Shieh, Y C AU - Baric, R S AU - Woods, J W AU - Calci, K R AD - FDA Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, P. O. Box 158, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, yshieh@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 7130 EP - 7136 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA VL - 69 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Coliphages KW - oysters KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Pollution Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; Aqualine Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Pollution monitoring KW - Human diseases KW - Contamination KW - Viruses KW - Microbial contamination KW - Surveillance KW - ASW, USA KW - Sewage disposal KW - Biological pollutants KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Seafood KW - Pollution indicators KW - Enterobacteriaceae KW - Bivalves (Oysters) KW - Marine KW - Fecal coliforms KW - Estuaries KW - Brackish KW - Pathogens KW - Coastal waters KW - Pollution surveys KW - ASW, Mexico Gulf KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Enterovirus KW - Sewage KW - Viral diseases KW - Mexico Gulf KW - Viruses (Enteric) KW - DNA KW - Primers KW - Shellfish KW - Norwalk-like virus KW - Q5 08503:Characteristics, behavior and fate KW - H 3000:Environment and Ecology KW - V 22160:Viral infections of invertebrates KW - P 1000:MARINE POLLUTION KW - AQ 00003:Monitoring and Analysis of Water and Wastes KW - A 01103:General KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20156023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular+Surveillance+of+Enterovirus+and+Norwalk-Like+Virus+in+Oysters+Relocated+to+a+Municipal-Sewage-Impacted+Gulf+Estuary&rft.au=Shieh%2C+Y+C%3BBaric%2C+R+S%3BWoods%2C+J+W%3BCalci%2C+K+R&rft.aulast=Shieh&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=7130&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.12.7130-7136.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2004-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pollution monitoring; Human diseases; Estuaries; Pathogens; Microbial contamination; Pollution surveys; Sewage disposal; Viral diseases; DNA; Polymerase chain reaction; Biological pollutants; Shellfish; Pollution indicators; Sewage; Primers; Surveillance; Fecal coliforms; Bioaccumulation; Viruses; Seafood; Coastal waters; Contamination; Viruses (Enteric); Bivalves (Oysters); Enterovirus; Norwalk-like virus; Enterobacteriaceae; ASW, USA; ASW, Mexico Gulf; Mexico Gulf; Brackish; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.12.7130-7136.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Differential protein expressions induced by adenovirus-mediated p16 gene transfer into Balb/c nude mouse AN - 19266652; 5820282 AB - To evaluate the safety of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, we investigated differential protein expression after transducing adenoviral vector containing the p16 super(INK4a) tumor suppressor gene (Ad5CMV-p16) into Balb/c nude mice. We found that adenovirus-mediated p16 super(INK4a) gene transfer inhibited experimental lung metastasis, and that the intratumoral injection of Ad5CMV-p16 resulted in regression of A549 cell xenografted tumors in Balb/c nude mice. We investigated changes in protein expression after intratumoral injection of Ad5CMV-p16 or Ad5CMV (10 super(10) plaque-forming units) into A549 cell xenografted Balb/c nude mice by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis/matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Compared with the control (serum-free medium treated tumor cells) Ad5CMV-p16 gene transfer changed the expression of 29 proteins including heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein, protein phosphatase 2, 14-3-3 zeta protein, alpha-tubulin, and glutathione-S-transferase P1. Moreover, both Ad5CMV-p16 and Ad5CMV up-regulated the expression of glutathione-S-transferase P1. In addition, Ad5CMV-p16 gene transfer did not seem to increase the expression of tumorigenicity-related protein in Balb/c nude mice. Further studies will be needed to investigate the effect of Ad5CMV-p16 on normal human cells and tissues for safety evaluation. These results suggest that the p16 gene seems to have an important role in apoptosis as well as in cell cycle arrest in non-small cell lung cancer. JF - Proteomics AU - Park, M AU - Kang, H AU - Lim, S AU - Lee, C-T AU - Kim, O AD - 5 Nokbun-dong, Eunpyunggu, Division of Genetic Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, 122-704 Korea, ms_park@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 2412 EP - 2419 VL - 3 IS - 12 SN - 1615-9853, 1615-9853 KW - Balb/c mice KW - INK4a gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Plaque-forming cells KW - Metastases KW - Tumor suppressor genes KW - Gene therapy KW - Lung KW - Gene transfer KW - Ribonucleoproteins KW - Adenovirus KW - Xenografts KW - Glutathione transferase KW - Gel electrophoresis KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 120:Genetic Engineering in Medicine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19266652?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proteomics&rft.atitle=Differential+protein+expressions+induced+by+adenovirus-mediated+p16+gene+transfer+into+Balb%2Fc+nude+mouse&rft.au=Park%2C+M%3BKang%2C+H%3BLim%2C+S%3BLee%2C+C-T%3BKim%2C+O&rft.aulast=Park&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2412&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proteomics&rft.issn=16159853&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpmic.200300542 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Adenovirus; Gene transfer; Tumor suppressor genes; Lung; Metastases; Gel electrophoresis; Gene therapy; Xenografts; Plaque-forming cells; Ribonucleoproteins; Glutathione transferase DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200300542 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Limitations of monoclonal antibodies for monitoring of fungal aerosols using Penicillium brevicompactum as a model fungus AN - 19257205; 5848937 AB - Molds are ubiquitous in every environment and many species have been recently associated with an increase in opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients or the exacerbation of asthmatic episodes in allergic patients. The degree of environmental contamination with fungi thus needs to be monitored and in this study we report the development of a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-mediated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of spores of Penicillium brevicompactum in experimental model aerosols. In addition, we have investigated the influence of different parameters of air sampling and sample recovery on ELISA performance. MAbs were produced with standard hybridoma techniques and cross-reactivities were determined against spores of 53 fungal species by indirect ELISA. Standardized experimental fungal aerosols were collected with the Button Personal Inhalable Aerosol Sampler onto polycarbonate or polytetrafluoroethylene filters (PTFE) and the effects of different extraction buffers and filter agitation methods during sample processing on spore recovery and ELISA detection were investigated. Five mAbs were produced and all of them cross-reacted with several of 31 related Aspergillus, Penicillium and Eurotium species. However, cross-reactivities with 21 non-related fungi were rare. Spores were recovered in much higher numbers from polycarbonate filters (PFs) than from polytetrafluoroethylene filters. Optical densities (ODs) in ELISA were higher for spores collected into carbonate coating buffer (CCB) than phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Filter bath sonication following filter vortexing had no positive effects on ELISA sensitivity. The cross-reactivity patterns of mAbs suggest that Aspergillus and Penicillium species share multiple antigens. Quantitative ELISA results for fungal aerosols were found to be influenced by differential sample processing and thus method standardization will be essential to maintain the comparability of immunometric monitoring results. JF - Journal of Immunological Methods AU - Schmechel, D AU - Gorny, R L AU - Simpson, J P AU - Reponen, T AU - Grinshpun, SA AU - Lewis, D M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S H-4218, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, dschmechel@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 235 EP - 245 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 283 IS - 1-2 SN - 0022-1759, 0022-1759 KW - Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts C: Algology, Mycology & Protozoology; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Cross-reactivity KW - Penicillium brevicompactum KW - Aspergillus KW - Standardization KW - Antigens KW - Buffers KW - Optical density KW - Eurotium KW - Aerosols KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Monoclonal antibodies KW - Fungi KW - Sonication KW - Filters KW - Spores KW - K 03086:Immunology & vaccination KW - X 24171:Microbial KW - F 06711:Monoclonal antibodies, hybridomas, antigens and antisera UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19257205?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.atitle=Limitations+of+monoclonal+antibodies+for+monitoring+of+fungal+aerosols+using+Penicillium+brevicompactum+as+a+model+fungus&rft.au=Schmechel%2C+D%3BGorny%2C+R+L%3BSimpson%2C+J+P%3BReponen%2C+T%3BGrinshpun%2C+SA%3BLewis%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Schmechel&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=283&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=235&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunological+Methods&rft.issn=00221759&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jim.2003.09.012 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Penicillium brevicompactum; Aspergillus; Eurotium; Monoclonal antibodies; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Spores; Aerosols; Buffers; Cross-reactivity; Filters; Fungi; Standardization; Sonication; Optical density; Antigens DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2003.09.012 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Body weight considerations in the B6C3F1 mouse and the use of dietary control to standardize background tumor incidence in chronic bioassays AN - 19256448; 5849141 AB - In B6C3F1 mice, the rate of body growth influences susceptibility to liver neoplasia and large variations in body weight can complicate the interpretation of bioassay data. The relationship between body weight and liver tumor incidence was calculated for historical control populations of male and female ad libitum-fed mice (approx. 2750 and 2300 animals, respectively) and in populations of male and female mice which had been subjected to forced body weight reduction due to either dietary restriction or exposure to noncarcinogenic chemicals (approx. 1600 and 1700, respectively). Resulting tumor risk data were then used to construct idealized weight curves for male and female B6C3F1 mice; these curves predict a terminal background liver tumor incidence of 15-20%. Use of dietary control to manipulate body growth of male B6C3F1 mice to fit the idealized weight curve was evaluated in a 2-year bioassay of chloral hydrate. Cohorts of mice were successfully maintained at weights approximating their idealized target weights throughout the study. These mice exhibited less body weight variation than their ad libitum-fed counterparts (e.g., standard deviations of body weight were 1.4 and 3.4 g for respective control groups at 36 weeks). Historical control body weight and tumor risk data from the two male mouse populations were utilized to predict background liver tumor rates for each experimental group of the chloral hydrate study. The predicted background tumor rates closely matched the observed rates for both the dietary controlled and ad libitum-fed chloral hydrate control groups when each mouse was evaluated according to either its weekly food consumption or its weekly change in body weight. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Leakey, JE AU - Seng, JE AU - Allaben, W T AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, jleakey@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 01 SP - 237 EP - 265 PB - Elsevier Inc. VL - 193 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - mice KW - standardization KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Bioassays KW - Body weight KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Tumors KW - Toxicity testing KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19256448?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Body+weight+considerations+in+the+B6C3F1+mouse+and+the+use+of+dietary+control+to+standardize+background+tumor+incidence+in+chronic+bioassays&rft.au=Leakey%2C+JE%3BSeng%2C+JE%3BAllaben%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Leakey&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=193&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=237&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.taap.2003.07.006 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Toxicity testing; Bioassays; Body weight; Carcinogenicity; Diets; Tumors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2003.07.006 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary controlled carcinogenicity study of chloral hydrate in male B6C3F1 mice AN - 19254936; 5849142 AB - Chloral hydrate, which is used as a sedative in pediatric medicine and is a by-product of water chlorination, is hepatocarcinogenic in B6C3F1 mice, a strain that can exhibit high rates of background liver tumor incidence, which are associated with increased body weight. In this study, dietary control was used to manipulate body growth in male B6C3F1 mice in a 2-year bioassay of chloral hydrate. Male B6C3F1 mice were treated with water or 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg chloral hydrate by gavage. The study compared ad libitum-fed mice with dietary controlled mice. The latter received variably restricted feed allocations to maintain their body weights on a predetermined 'idealized' weight curve predictive of a terminal background liver tumor incidence of 15-20%. These mice exhibited less individual body weight variation than did their ad libitum-fed counterparts. This was associated with a decreased variation in liver to body weight ratios, which allowed the demonstration of a statistically significant dose response to chloral hydrate in the dietary controlled, but not the ad libitum-fed, test groups. Chloral hydrate increased terminally adjusted liver tumor incidence in both dietary controlled (23.4, 23.9, 29.7, and 38.6% for the four dose groups, respectively) and ad libitum-fed mice (33.4, 52.6, 50.6, and 46.2%), but a statistically significant dose response was observed only in the dietary controlled mice. This dose response positively correlated with markers of peroxisomal proliferation in the dietary controlled mice only. The study suggests that dietary control not only improves terminal survival and decreases interassay variation, but also can increase assay sensitivity by decreasing intra-assay variation. JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - Leakey, JE AU - Seng, JE AU - Latendresse, J R AU - Hussain, N AU - Allen, L J AU - Allaben, W T AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, jleakey@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Dec 01 SP - 266 EP - 280 PB - Elsevier Inc. VL - 193 IS - 2 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - mice KW - males KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Diets KW - Sedatives KW - Body weight KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Chloral hydrate KW - X 24112:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19254936?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Dietary+controlled+carcinogenicity+study+of+chloral+hydrate+in+male+B6C3F1+mice&rft.au=Leakey%2C+JE%3BSeng%2C+JE%3BLatendresse%2C+J+R%3BHussain%2C+N%3BAllen%2C+L+J%3BAllaben%2C+W+T&rft.aulast=Leakey&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=193&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=266&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.taap.2003.07.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Carcinogenicity; Sedatives; Chloral hydrate; Diets; Body weight DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2003.07.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Vibrio fluvialis-Like Strains Implicated in Limp Lobster Disease AN - 19212214; 5775949 AB - Studies were undertaken to characterize and determine the pathogenic mechanisms involved in a newly described systemic disease in Homarus americanus (American lobster) caused by a Vibrio fluvialis-like microorganism. Nineteen isolates were obtained from eight of nine lobsters sampled. Biochemically, the isolates resembled V. fluvialis, and the isolates grew optimally at 20 degree C; none could grow at temperatures above 23 degree C. The type strain (1AMA) displayed a thermal reduction time (D value) of 5.77 min at 37 degree C. All of the isolates required at least 1% NaCl for growth. Collectively, the data suggest that these isolates may embody a new biotype. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of the isolates revealed five closely related subgroups. Some isolates produced a sheep hemagglutinin that was neither an outer membrane protein nor a metalloprotease. Several isolates possessed capsules. The isolates were highly susceptible to a variety of antibiotics tested. However, six isolates were resistant to erythromycin. Seventeen isolates harbored plasmids. Lobster challenge studies revealed that the 50% lethal dose of a plasmid-positive strain was 100-fold lower than that of a plasmid-negative strain, suggesting that the plasmid may enhance the pathogenicity of these microorganisms in lobsters. Microorganisms that were recovered from experimentally infected lobsters exhibited biochemical and PFGE profiles that were indistinguishable from those of the challenge strain. Tissue affinity studies demonstrated that the challenge microorganisms accumulated in heart and midgut tissues as well as in the hemolymph. Culture supernatants and polymyxin B lysates of the strains caused elongation of CHO cells in tissue culture, suggesting the presence of a hitherto unknown enterotoxin. Both plasmid-positive and plasmid-negative strains caused significant dose-related intestinal fluid accumulations in suckling mice. Absence of viable organisms in the intestinal contents of mice suggests that these microorganisms cause diarrhea in mice by intoxication rather than by an infectious process. Further, these results support the thermal reduction data at 37 degree C and suggest that the mechanism(s) that led to fluid accumulation in mice differs from the disease process observed in lobsters by requiring neither the persistence of viable microorganisms nor the presence of plasmids. In summary, results of lobster studies satisfy Koch's postulates at the organismal and molecular levels; the findings support the hypothesis that these V. fluvialis-like organisms were responsible for the originally described systemic disease, which is now called limp lobster disease. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Tall, B D AU - Fall, S AU - Pereira, M R AU - Ramos-Valle, M AU - Curtis, S K AU - Kothary, M H AU - Chu, DMT AU - Monday AU - Kornegay, L AU - Donkar, T AU - Prince, D AU - Thunberg, R L AU - Shangraw, KA AU - Hanes, DE AU - Khambaty, F M AU - Lampel, KA AU - Bier, J W AU - Bayer, R C AD - Microbial Methods Application Branch, HFS 517, Room 3E016, Wiley Building, Division of Microbiological Studies, Office of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740-3835, btall@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - December 2003 SP - 7435 EP - 7446 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA VL - 69 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - American lobster KW - Limp lobster disease KW - limp lobster disease KW - mice KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA Marine Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Temperature effects KW - Heart KW - Marine KW - Symptoms KW - Diarrhea KW - Vibrio fluvialis KW - Bacterial diseases KW - Histopathology KW - Plasmids KW - Virulence KW - Pathogenicity KW - Intestines KW - Haemolymph KW - Lobster fisheries KW - Homarus americanus KW - Marine crustaceans KW - Sodium chloride KW - Mortality causes KW - Q1 08206:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - Q1 08286:Physiology, biochemistry, biophysics KW - J 02870:Invertebrate bacteriology KW - Q1 08484:Species interactions: parasites and diseases KW - Q4 27170:Microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19212214?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Vibrio+fluvialis-Like+Strains+Implicated+in+Limp+Lobster+Disease&rft.au=Tall%2C+B+D%3BFall%2C+S%3BPereira%2C+M+R%3BRamos-Valle%2C+M%3BCurtis%2C+S+K%3BKothary%2C+M+H%3BChu%2C+DMT%3BMonday%3BKornegay%2C+L%3BDonkar%2C+T%3BPrince%2C+D%3BThunberg%2C+R+L%3BShangraw%2C+KA%3BHanes%2C+DE%3BKhambaty%2C+F+M%3BLampel%2C+KA%3BBier%2C+J+W%3BBayer%2C+R+C&rft.aulast=Tall&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=7435&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.12.7435-7446.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Virulence; Heart; Symptoms; Haemolymph; Intestines; Bacterial diseases; Histopathology; Lobster fisheries; Plasmids; Marine crustaceans; Mortality causes; Temperature effects; Diarrhea; Pathogenicity; Sodium chloride; Vibrio fluvialis; Homarus americanus; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.12.7435-7446.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification of foodborne bacteria by infrared spectroscopy using cellular fatty acid methyl esters AN - 19208208; 5783447 AB - Identification of bacterial species by profiling fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) has commonly been carried out by using a 20-min capillary gas chromatographic procedure followed by library matching of FAME profiles using commercial MIDI databases and proprietary pattern recognition software. Fast GC (5 min) FAME procedures and mass spectrometric methodologies that require no lipid separation have also been reported. In this study, bacterial identification based on the rapid (2 min) infrared measurement of FAME mixtures was demonstrated. The microorganisms investigated included Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus anthracis, and Bacillus cereus, and Gram negative bacteria from the family Enterobacteriacae: Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella sonnei, and Escherichia coli (four strains of E. coli), and non-Enterobacteriacae: Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus, and Vibrio parahemolyticus. Foodborne bacterial mixtures of FAMEs were measured by using an attenuated total reflection (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic procedure and discriminated by multivariate analysis. Results showed that the Enterobacteriacae could be discriminated from the vibrios. The identification was at the level of species (for the Bacillus and Vibrio genera) or strains (for the E. coli species). A series of bacterial FAME test samples were prepared and analyzed for accuracy of identification, and all were correctly identified. Our results suggest that this infrared strategy could be used to identify foodborne pathogens. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Whittaker, P AU - Mossoba, M M AU - Al-Khaldi, S AU - Fry, F S AU - Dunkel, V C AU - Tall, B D AU - Yurawecz, M P AD - Division of Research and Applied Technology, ONPLDS, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740-3835, USA, mmossoba@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 709 EP - 716 VL - 55 IS - 3 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Listeria monocytogenes KW - Fatty acid composition KW - Bacillus cereus KW - Identification KW - Salmonella typhimurium KW - Bacillus anthracis KW - Food-borne diseases KW - Differentiation KW - Vibrio cholerae KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - Shigella sonnei KW - Gas chromatography KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus KW - Escherichia coli KW - Yersinia enterocolitica KW - Staphylococcus aureus KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19208208?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Identification+of+foodborne+bacteria+by+infrared+spectroscopy+using+cellular+fatty+acid+methyl+esters&rft.au=Whittaker%2C+P%3BMossoba%2C+M+M%3BAl-Khaldi%2C+S%3BFry%2C+F+S%3BDunkel%2C+V+C%3BTall%2C+B+D%3BYurawecz%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=709&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.mimet.2003.07.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Listeria monocytogenes; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus cereus; Yersinia enterocolitica; Salmonella typhimurium; Shigella sonnei; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio vulnificus; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Food-borne diseases; Identification; Fatty acid composition; Gas chromatography; Differentiation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2003.07.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococcus Species Isolated from Retail Meats AN - 19199997; 5775906 AB - From March 2001 to June 2002, a total of 981 samples of retail raw meats (chicken, turkey, pork, and beef) were randomly obtained from 263 grocery stores in Iowa and cultured for the presence of Enterococcus spp. A total of 1,357 enterococcal isolates were recovered from the samples, with contamination rates ranging from 97% of pork samples to 100% of ground beef samples. Enterococcus faecium was the predominant species recovered (61%), followed by E. faecalis (29%), and E. hirae (5.7%). E. faecium was the predominant species recovered from ground turkey (60%), ground beef (65%), and chicken breast (79%), while E. faecalis was the predominant species recovered from pork chops (54%). The incidence of resistance to many production and therapeutic antimicrobials differed among enterococci recovered from retail meat samples. Resistance to quinupristin-dalfopristin, a human analogue of the production drug virginiamycin, was observed in 54, 27, 9, and 18% of E. faecium isolates from turkey, chicken, pork, and beef samples, respectively. No resistance to linezolid or vancomycin was observed, but high-level gentamicin resistance was observed in 4% of enterococci, the majority of which were recovered from poultry retail meats. Results indicate that Enterococcus spp. commonly contaminate retail meats and that dissimilarities in antimicrobial resistance patterns among enterococci recovered from different meat types may reflect the use of approved antimicrobial agents in each food animal production class. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Hayes, J R AU - English, L L AU - Carter, P J AU - Proescholdt, T AU - Lee, KY AU - Wagner, D D AU - White, D G AD - Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, dwhite@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 7153 EP - 7160 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 69 IS - 12 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - antibiotic resistance KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Drug resistance KW - Food contamination KW - Antimicrobial agents KW - Meat KW - USA, Iowa KW - Enterococcus KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19199997?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+Antimicrobial+Resistance+of+Enterococcus+Species+Isolated+from+Retail+Meats&rft.au=Hayes%2C+J+R%3BEnglish%2C+L+L%3BCarter%2C+P+J%3BProescholdt%2C+T%3BLee%2C+KY%3BWagner%2C+D+D%3BWhite%2C+D+G&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=7153&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.12.7153-7160.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Enterococcus; USA, Iowa; Food contamination; Drug resistance; Meat; Antimicrobial agents DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.12.7153-7160.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serotype Newport Isolated from Humans and Food Animals AN - 19190794; 5777636 AB - Salmonella enterica serotype Newport isolates resistant to at least nine antimicrobials (including extended-spectrum cephalosporins), known as serotype Newport MDR-AmpC isolates, have been rapidly emerging as pathogens in both animals and humans throughout the United States. Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins is associated with clinical failures, including death, in patients with systemic infections. In this study, 87 Salmonella serotype Newport strains were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing and examined for the presence of class 1 integrons and bla sub(CMY) genes. Thirty-five PFGE patterns were observed with XbaI, and three of these patterns were indistinguishable among isolates from humans and animals. Fifty-three (60%) Salmonella serotype Newport isolates were identified as serotype Newport MDR-AmpC, including 16 (53%) of 30 human isolates, 27 (93%) of 29 cattle isolates, 7 (70%) of 10 swine isolates, and 3 (30%) of 10 chicken isolates. However, 28 (32%) Salmonella serotype Newport isolates were susceptible to all 16 antimicrobials tested. The bla sub(CMY) gene was present in all serotype Newport MDR-AmpC isolates. Furthermore, the plasmid-mediated bla sub(CMY) gene was transferable via conjugation to an Escherichia coli strain. The transconjugant showed the MDR-AmpC resistance profile. Thirty-five (40%) of the isolates possessed class 1 integrons. Sequence analyses of the integrons showed that they contained aadA, which confers resistance to streptomycin, or aadA and dhfr, which confer resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. One integron from a swine isolate contained the sat-1 gene, which encodes resistance to streptothricin, an antimicrobial agent that has never been approved for use in the United States. In conclusion, Salmonella serotype Newport MDR-AmpC was commonly identified among Salmonella serotype Newport isolates recovered from humans and food animals. These findings support the possibility of transmission of this organism to humans through the food chain. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Zhao, S AU - Qaiyumi, S AU - Friedman, S AU - Singh, R AU - Foley, S L AU - White, D G AU - McDermott, P F AU - Donkar, T AU - Bolin, C AU - Munro, S AU - Baron, E J AU - Walker, R D AD - Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, szhao@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 5366 EP - 5371 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 12 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - blaCMY gene KW - chickens KW - man KW - pigs KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - aadA gene KW - Conjugation KW - Trimethoprim KW - Serotypes KW - Sulfamethoxazole KW - Salmonella enterica KW - Food KW - DHFR gene KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - J 02710:Identification, taxonomy and typing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19190794?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+Salmonella+enterica+Serotype+Newport+Isolated+from+Humans+and+Food+Animals&rft.au=Zhao%2C+S%3BQaiyumi%2C+S%3BFriedman%2C+S%3BSingh%2C+R%3BFoley%2C+S+L%3BWhite%2C+D+G%3BMcDermott%2C+P+F%3BDonkar%2C+T%3BBolin%2C+C%3BMunro%2C+S%3BBaron%2C+E+J%3BWalker%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=5366&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.12.5366-5371.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - aadA gene; Trimethoprim; Conjugation; Serotypes; Sulfamethoxazole; Food; DHFR gene; Antibiotic resistance; Salmonella enterica DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.12.5366-5371.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of bvgR Expression in Bordetella pertussis AN - 19172831; 5759842 AB - Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, produces a wide array of factors that are associated with its ability to cause disease. The expression and regulation of these virulence factors are dependent upon the bvg locus, which encodes three proteins: BvgA, a 23-kDa cytoplasmic protein; BvgS, a 135-kDa transmembrane protein; and BvgR, a 32-kDa protein. It is hypothesized that BvgS responds to environmental signals and interacts with BvgA, a transcriptional regulator, which upon modification by BvgS binds to specific promoters and activates transcription. An additional class of genes is repressed by the products of the bvg locus. The repression of these genes is dependent upon the third gene, bvgR. Expression of bvgR is dependent upon the function of BvgA and BvgS. This led to the hypothesis that the binding of phosphorylated BvgA to the bvgR promoter activates the expression of bvgR. We undertook an analysis of the transcriptional activation of bvgR expression. We identified the bvgR transcript by Northern blot analysis and identified the start site of transcription by primer extension. We determined that transcriptional activation of the bvgR promoter in an in vitro transcription system requires the addition of phosphorylated BvgA. Additionally, we have identified cis-acting regions that are required for BvgA activation of the bvgR promoter by in vitro footprinting and in vivo deletion and linker scanning analyses. A model of BvgA binding to the bvgR promoter is presented. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Merkel, T J AU - Boucher, P E AU - Stibitz, S AU - Grippe, V K AD - Laboratory of Respiratory and Special Pathogens, DBPAP/CBER/FDA, Building 29, Room 418, 29 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, merkel@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 6902 EP - 6912 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 185 IS - 23 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - BvgR protein KW - BvgA protein KW - BvgS protein KW - bvgR gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Pertussis KW - Bordetella pertussis KW - Phosphorylation KW - Gene regulation KW - N 14662:Gene regulation KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19172831?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+bvgR+Expression+in+Bordetella+pertussis&rft.au=Merkel%2C+T+J%3BBoucher%2C+P+E%3BStibitz%2C+S%3BGrippe%2C+V+K&rft.aulast=Merkel&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=6902&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJB.185.23.6902-6912.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bordetella pertussis; Pertussis; Gene regulation; Phosphorylation DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.185.23.6902-6912.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of the Corynebacterium diphtheriae DtxR Regulon: Identification of a Putative Siderophore Synthesis and Transport System That Is Similar to the Yersinia High-Pathogenicity Island-Encoded Yersiniabactin Synthesis and Uptake System AN - 19172788; 5759838 AB - The diphtheria toxin repressor, DtxR, is a global iron-dependent regulatory protein in Corynebacterium diphtheriae that controls gene expression by binding to 19-bp operator sequences. To further define the DtxR regulon in C. diphtheriae, a DtxR repressor titration assay (DRTA) was developed and used to identify 10 previously unknown DtxR binding sites. Open reading frames downstream from seven of the newly identified DtxR binding sites are predicted to encode proteins associated with iron or heme transport. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that DtxR was able to bind to DNA fragments carrying the 19-bp operator regions, and transcriptional analysis of putative promoter elements adjacent to the binding site sequences revealed that most of these regions displayed iron- and DtxR-regulated activity. A putative siderophore biosynthesis and transport operon located downstream from one of the DtxR binding sites, designated sid, is similar to the yersiniabactin synthesis and uptake genes encoded on the Yersinia pestis high pathogenicity island. The siderophore biosynthetic genes in the sid operon contained a large deletion in the C. diphtheriae C7 strain, but the sid genes were unaffected in four clinical isolates that are representative of the dominant strains from the recent diphtheria epidemic in the former Soviet Union. Mutations in the siderophore biosynthetic genes in a clinical strain had no effect on siderophore synthesis or growth in low-iron conditions; however, a mutation in one of the putative transport proteins, cdtP, resulted in reduced growth in iron-depleted media, which suggests that this system may have a role in iron uptake. The findings from this study indicate that C. diphtheriae contains at least 18 DtxR binding sites and that DtxR may affect the expression of as many as 40 genes. JF - Journal of Bacteriology AU - Kunkle, CA AU - Schmitt, M P AD - FDA/CBER/DBPAP, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 29, Room 108, Bethesda, MD 20892, schmitt@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 6826 EP - 6840 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 185 IS - 23 SN - 0021-9193, 0021-9193 KW - cDNA KW - amino acid sequence prediction KW - DtxR protein KW - cdtP gene KW - sid gene KW - yersiniabactin KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Corynebacterium diphtheriae KW - Diphtheria toxin KW - Siderophores KW - Gene regulation KW - Iron KW - Open reading frames KW - N 14640:Structure & sequence KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19172788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+the+Corynebacterium+diphtheriae+DtxR+Regulon%3A+Identification+of+a+Putative+Siderophore+Synthesis+and+Transport+System+That+Is+Similar+to+the+Yersinia+High-Pathogenicity+Island-Encoded+Yersiniabactin+Synthesis+and+Uptake+System&rft.au=Kunkle%2C+CA%3BSchmitt%2C+M+P&rft.aulast=Kunkle&rft.aufirst=CA&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=185&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=6826&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.issn=00219193&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJB.185.23.6826-6840.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Corynebacterium diphtheriae; Iron; Diphtheria toxin; Open reading frames; Nucleotide sequence; Gene regulation; Siderophores DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JB.185.23.6826-6840.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An acoustic wave biosensor for human low-density lipoprotein particles: construction of selective coatings AN - 19163507; 5763961 AB - Cholesterol is found in four major classes of blood particles including chylomicrons, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The most studied fraction is LDL as it is most closely associated with heart disease. The challenge in current methods of analysis is the determination of the cholesterol in the individual lipoprotein fractions. Accordingly, the critical step in any analysis is the complete separation of the lipoprotein fractions. In this work, enhanced selectivity for the LDL fraction was achieved by the covalent binding of dextran sulfate (DS) to the gold surface of a thickness shear-mode acoustic wave sensor. The thickness and surface concentration of the DS layer was estimated by in situ ellipsometry to be 219 Aa and 0.8 ng/mm, respectively, but it was difficult to construct the sensing layer reproducibly. The DS coated sensor was ten times more responsive to LDL than the other lipoprotein (LP) fractions. The sensor was a main component in a flow injection analysis system that exposed LDL, VLDL and HDL to not only the DS layer, but also to the underlayers used in the construction of the DS layer. A possible regeneration solution was found which would rinse the LDL from the layer, restoring the sensor for repeated use. Frequency shifts from LP absorption into the DS layer were corrected for dissipative losses through the DS layer using an oscillator circuit equipped with an automatic gain control feature. JF - Biosensors & Bioelectronics AU - Snellings, S AU - Fuller, J AU - Pitner, M AU - Paul, D W AD - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Chemistry Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA, ssnellings@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 353 EP - 363 PB - Elsevier Advanced Technology, 660 White Plains Rd. Tarrytown NY 10591-5153 USA VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0956-5663, 0956-5663 KW - flow injection analysis KW - man KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Blood KW - Dextran sulfate KW - Cholesterol KW - Lipoproteins (low density) KW - Heart diseases KW - Coatings KW - W4 230:Biosensors, Bioelectronics & Bioindicators KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19163507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biosensors+%26+Bioelectronics&rft.atitle=An+acoustic+wave+biosensor+for+human+low-density+lipoprotein+particles%3A+construction+of+selective+coatings&rft.au=Snellings%2C+S%3BFuller%2C+J%3BPitner%2C+M%3BPaul%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Snellings&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biosensors+%26+Bioelectronics&rft.issn=09565663&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0956-5663%2803%2900192-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood; Coatings; Cholesterol; Heart diseases; Lipoproteins (low density); Dextran sulfate DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-5663(03)00192-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Addressing the Potential Risks Associated with Ephedra Use: A Review of Recent Efforts AN - 18009585; 5980413 AB - The appropriate amount of oversight for dietary supplements has been a subject of debate for over a decade. This debate has come to a head recently with herbal ephedra, which may be associated with adverse events including heart attack, stroke, seizure, and death. This article reviews and puts into context recent findings on the safety concerns related to ephedra, based primarily on adverse event reports. It presents the response from industry and the FDA in light of this evidence, and describes additional steps taken by other groups who believe that more restrictive action is required. The article concludes by observing the lack of explicit, shared criteria for determining whether a supplement is unsafe, and pointing out ways in which the experience with ephedra can be used constructively to address that problem. JF - Public Health Reports AU - Schulman, S AD - HHS/OIG/OEI, JFK Federal Building, Room 2225, Boston, MA 02203, USA, sschulman@oig.hhs.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 487 EP - 492 VL - 118 IS - 6 SN - 0033-3549, 0033-3549 KW - ephedra KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Consumer products KW - Reviews KW - Side effects KW - supplements KW - H 9000:Consumer and Recreation Safety KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18009585?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=Addressing+the+Potential+Risks+Associated+with+Ephedra+Use%3A+A+Review+of+Recent+Efforts&rft.au=Schulman%2C+S&rft.aulast=Schulman&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Public+Health+Reports&rft.issn=00333549&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - supplements; Consumer products; Side effects; Reviews ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exploring semantic groups through visual approaches AN - 17708152; 5827063 AB - Objectives. We investigate several visual approaches for exploring semantic groups, a grouping of semantic types from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) semantic network. We are particularly interested in the semantic coherence of the groups, and we use the semantic relationships as important indicators of that coherence. Methods. First, we create a radial representation of the number of relationships among the groups, generating a profile for each semantic group. Second, we show that, in our partition, the relationships are organized around a limited number of pivot groups and that partitions created at random do not exhibit this property. Finally, we use correspondence analysis to visualize groupings resulting from the association between semantic types and the relationships. Results. The three approaches provide different views on the semantic groups and help detect potential inconsistencies. They make outliers immediately apparent, and, thus, serve as a tool for auditing and validating both the semantic network and the semantic groups. JF - Journal of Biomedical Informatics AU - Bodenreider, O AU - McCray, A T AD - Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, MS 43, Bldg 38A Rm B1N28U, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, olivier@nlm.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 414 EP - 432 PB - Academic Press, Inc., 525 B St. Ste. 1900 San Diego CA 92101-4495 USA, [mailto:apsubs@acad.com] VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 1532-0464, 1532-0464 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Language KW - Bioinformatics KW - W4 140:Bioinformatics & Computers in Health & Medicine KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17708152?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Informatics&rft.atitle=Exploring+semantic+groups+through+visual+approaches&rft.au=Bodenreider%2C+O%3BMcCray%2C+A+T&rft.aulast=Bodenreider&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=414&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Informatics&rft.issn=15320464&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jbi.2003.11.002 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioinformatics; Language DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2003.11.002 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The interaction of domain knowledge and linguistic structure in natural language processing: interpreting hypernymic propositions in biomedical text AN - 17702978; 5827065 AB - Interpretation of semantic propositions in free-text documents such as MEDLINE citations would provide valuable support for biomedical applications, and several approaches to semantic interpretation are being pursued in the biomedical informatics community. In this paper, we describe a methodology for interpreting linguistic structures that encode hypernymic propositions, in which a more specific concept is in a taxonomic relationship with a more general concept. In order to effectively process these constructions, we exploit underspecified syntactic analysis and structured domain knowledge from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). After introducing the syntactic processing on which our system depends, we focus on the UMLS knowledge that supports interpretation of hypernymic propositions. We first use semantic groups from the Semantic Network to ensure that the two concepts involved are compatible; hierarchical information in the Metathesaurus then determines which concept is more general and which more specific. A preliminary evaluation of a sample based on the semantic group Chemicals and Drugs provides 83% precision. An error analysis was conducted and potential solutions to the problems encountered are presented. The research discussed here serves as a paradigm for investigating the interaction between domain knowledge and linguistic structure in natural language processing, and could also make a contribution to research on automatic processing of discourse structure. Additional implications of the system we present include its integration in advanced semantic interpretation processors for biomedical text and its use for information extraction in specific domains. The approach has the potential to support a range of applications, including information retrieval and ontology engineering. JF - Journal of Biomedical Informatics AU - Rindflesch, T C AU - Fiszman, M AD - Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA, tcr@nlm.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 462 EP - 477 PB - Academic Press, Inc., 525 B St. Ste. 1900 San Diego CA 92101-4495 USA, [mailto:apsubs@acad.com] VL - 36 IS - 6 SN - 1532-0464, 1532-0464 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Information processing KW - Language KW - Bioinformatics KW - W4 140:Bioinformatics & Computers in Health & Medicine KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17702978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biomedical+Informatics&rft.atitle=The+interaction+of+domain+knowledge+and+linguistic+structure+in+natural+language+processing%3A+interpreting+hypernymic+propositions+in+biomedical+text&rft.au=Rindflesch%2C+T+C%3BFiszman%2C+M&rft.aulast=Rindflesch&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=462&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Biomedical+Informatics&rft.issn=15320464&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jbi.2003.11.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioinformatics; Language; Information processing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2003.11.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sensitivity of Vibrio Species in Phosphate-Buffered Saline and in Oysters to High-Pressure Processing AN - 17593678; 5855211 AB - Multiple strains of Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio cholerae non-O1 were tested in phosphate-buffered saline for their sensitivity to high-pressure processing (HPP). Variability in sensitivity among strains was observed for all species; this variability decreased at higher pressures. V. vulnificus was the species that was most sensitive to treatment at 200 MPa (decimal reduction time [D] = 26 s), and V. cholerae was the species that was most resistant to treatment at 200 MPa (D = 149 s). The O3:K6 serotype of V. parahaemolyticus was more resistant to pressure than other serotypes of V. parahaemolyticus were. The results of studies involving V. vulnificus naturally occurring in oysters revealed that a pressure treatment of 250 MPa for 120 s achieved a >5-log reduction in the levels of this bacterium. V. parahaemolyticus serotype O3:K6 in oysters required a pressure of 300 MPa for 180 s for a comparable 5-log reduction. When properly applied, HPP can be effective in improving the safety of shellfish with respect to Vibrio spp. JF - Journal of Food Protection AU - Cook, D W AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528-0158, USA Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 2276 EP - 2282 VL - 66 IS - 12 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - high-pressure processing KW - oysters KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology; ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources KW - A 01017:Human foods KW - Q1 01623:Processing methods, instruments and factories UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17593678?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.atitle=Sensitivity+of+Vibrio+Species+in+Phosphate-Buffered+Saline+and+in+Oysters+to+High-Pressure+Processing&rft.au=Cook%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=2276&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Food+Protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2005-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Francisella: a little bug hits the big time AN - 1285090856; 16614398 AB - Francisella tularensis, a small Gram-negative intracellular bacterium that causes the disease tularemia, had its first peak of research interest in the 1950s. Two biovars of this zoonotic disease were recognized: the more deadly F. tularensis subspecies tularensis (or Type A) that causes disease in North America, and F. tularensis subspecies holarctica (or Type B) that causes a milder (but still miserable) disease in Scandinavia, Europe and Asia. However, most researchers who worked with virulent Type A Francisella contracted tularemia, an issue that appears to have diminished its popularity as a research problem in parallel with a decline in disease incidence after World War II. Mostly using attenuated strains, some work on the organism as a general model for intracellular pathogens has continued. By the time several Swedish researchers convened the First International Conference on Tularemia in 1994, the group that assembled was enthusiastic but fairly small. JF - Expert Review of Vaccines AU - Elkins, Karen L AU - Cowley, Siobhan C AU - Collazo, Carmen M AD - Laboratory of Mycobacterial Diseases & Cellular Immunology, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, CBER/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 431, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Y1 - 2003/12// PY - 2003 DA - Dec 2003 SP - 735 EP - 738 PB - Future Science Group (FSG), Unitec House, 2 Albert Place London N3 1QB United Kingdom VL - 2 IS - 6 SN - 1476-0584, 1476-0584 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Tularemia KW - Conferences KW - War KW - Reviews KW - Francisella tularensis KW - Pathogens KW - Models KW - J 02500:Book & Conference Notices UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1285090856?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Expert+Review+of+Vaccines&rft.atitle=Francisella%3A+a+little+bug+hits+the+big+time&rft.au=Elkins%2C+Karen+L%3BCowley%2C+Siobhan+C%3BCollazo%2C+Carmen+M&rft.aulast=Elkins&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft.date=2003-12-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Expert+Review+of+Vaccines&rft.issn=14760584&rft_id=info:doi/10.1586%2F14760584.2.6.735 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-06-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Tularemia; Conferences; War; Reviews; Pathogens; Models; Francisella tularensis DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14760584.2.6.735 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International Conference on Harmonisation; final recommendations on the revision of the permitted daily exposures for two solvents, n-methylpyrrolidone and tetrahydrofuran, according to the maintenance procedures for the guidance Q3C Impurities: Residual Solvents; Availability. Notice. AN - 71372228; 14619948 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing final recommendations to revise the permitted daily exposures (PDEs) for two solvents, n-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), according to the maintenance procedures for the guidance for industry entitled "Q3C Impurities: Residual Solvents." The final recommendations were reached under the auspices of the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH). JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2003/11/13/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Nov 13 SP - 64352 EP - 64353 VL - 68 IS - 219 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Furans KW - 0 KW - Pyrrolidinones KW - Solvents KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Solvents -- toxicity KW - Drug Industry -- standards KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - European Union KW - Humans KW - Solvents -- standards KW - Chemistry, Pharmaceutical -- standards KW - Europe KW - Congresses as Topic KW - Japan KW - International Cooperation KW - Furans -- standards KW - Drug Contamination KW - Furans -- toxicity KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Pyrrolidinones -- standards KW - Pyrrolidinones -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71372228?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=International+Conference+on+Harmonisation%3B+final+recommendations+on+the+revision+of+the+permitted+daily+exposures+for+two+solvents%2C+n-methylpyrrolidone+and+tetrahydrofuran%2C+according+to+the+maintenance+procedures+for+the+guidance+Q3C+Impurities%3A+Residual+Solvents%3B+Availability.+Notice.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2003-11-13&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=219&rft.spage=64352&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality from lymphohematopoietic malignancies among workers in formaldehyde industries. AN - 71346246; 14600094 AB - Many U.S. factory workers are exposed to formaldehyde. Although increased risks for leukemia have been found in medical workers and other professionals exposed to formaldehyde, studies in industrial workers, who are thought to have higher exposures, have shown inconsistent associations. We extended follow-up of a cohort of industrial workers to evaluate the association between formaldehyde exposure and lymphohematopoietic cancers. The cohort consisted of 25 619 workers (865 708 person-years) employed before January 1, 1966, at one of 10 U.S. industrial plants and followed through December 31, 1994. We analyzed formaldehyde exposure (peak exposure, average exposure intensity, cumulative exposure, and duration of exposure) and mortality from lymphohematopoietic malignancies using standardized mortality ratios and relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on Poisson regression. Statistical tests were two-sided. Among the cohort, there were 178 deaths from lymphohematopoietic malignancies. Relative risks for leukemia (69 deaths), particularly for myeloid leukemia (30 deaths), increased with formaldehyde exposure. Compared with workers exposed to low peak levels of formaldehyde (0.1-1.9 ppm), relative risks for myeloid leukemia were 2.43 (95% CI = 0.81 to 7.25) and 3.46 (95% CI = 1.27 to 9.43) for workers exposed to peak levels of 2.0-3.9 ppm and > or = 4.0 ppm, respectively (P(trend) =.009). Compared with workers exposed to low levels of average exposure intensity of formaldehyde (0.1-0.4 ppm), workers exposed to 0.5-0.9 ppm and > or = 1.0 ppm average intensity had relative risks of 1.15 (95% CI = 0.41 to 3.23) and 2.49 (95% CI = 1.03 to 6.03), respectively (P(trend) =.088). The relative risk for leukemia was not associated with cumulative exposure but was weakly associated with duration of exposure. Relative risks for Hodgkin's disease also increased with formaldehyde exposure. Exposure to formaldehyde may cause leukemia, particularly myeloid leukemia, in humans. However, results from other investigations are mixed, suggesting caution in drawing definitive conclusions. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Hauptmann, Michael AU - Lubin, Jay H AU - Stewart, Patricia A AU - Hayes, Richard B AU - Blair, Aaron AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. hauptmann@nih.gov Y1 - 2003/11/05/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Nov 05 SP - 1615 EP - 1623 VL - 95 IS - 21 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Disinfectants KW - Fixatives KW - Formaldehyde KW - 1HG84L3525 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Disinfectants -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Fixatives -- adverse effects KW - Male KW - Chemical Industry KW - Lymphoma -- mortality KW - Hematologic Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Lymphoma -- chemically induced KW - Formaldehyde -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality KW - Hematologic Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71346246?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Mortality+from+lymphohematopoietic+malignancies+among+workers+in+formaldehyde+industries.&rft.au=Hauptmann%2C+Michael%3BLubin%2C+Jay+H%3BStewart%2C+Patricia+A%3BHayes%2C+Richard+B%3BBlair%2C+Aaron&rft.aulast=Hauptmann&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2003-11-05&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=1615&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=1460-2105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Jun 16;96(12):966-7; author reply 967-8 [15199116] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of ASTM method P-42-97 for sampling and analysis of metalworking fluids. AN - 75763751; 14555434 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Glaser, Robert A AU - Shulman, Stanley AU - Kurimo, Robert AU - Piacitelli, Greg AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 825 EP - 827 VL - 18 IS - 11 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Humans KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Metallurgy -- instrumentation KW - Materials Testing -- methods KW - Societies, Scientific KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75763751?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+ASTM+method+P-42-97+for+sampling+and+analysis+of+metalworking+fluids.&rft.au=Glaser%2C+Robert+A%3BShulman%2C+Stanley%3BKurimo%2C+Robert%3BPiacitelli%2C+Greg&rft.aulast=Glaser&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=825&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of hypersensitivity pneumonitis among workers exposed to metal removal fluids. AN - 75760820; 14555449 AB - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) was identified among employees in an automobile parts manufacturing facility. Mycobacteria immunogenum (MI) was identified as a metal removal fluid (MRF) contaminant at this facility and had been identified as a contaminant in other facilities where HP had occurred. We therefore questioned whether measurement of MI-specific cell-mediated immunity would be associated with HP in this facility. We also questioned whether measures of cell-mediated immunity would be more informative about the presence of HP than evaluation of serum anti-MI antibody levels. Workers were categorized for exposure and disease status by questionnaire and review of medical records. Cell-mediated immunity to MI was assessed by measuring in vitro secretion of cytokines (interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon-gamma) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells or anticoagulated whole blood induced by culture with MI antigen. Serum antibodies against MI were also measured. Six study participants met our survey definition for HP and 48 did not. As has been reported for various agents causing HP, serum antibody levels against MI were increased in both exposed workers and workers with HP. Serum antibodies did not distinguish between the two. When expressed as a percentage of secretion induced by lipopolysaccharide, MI induced a significant increase in interleukin-8 secretion in exposed participants' whole blood cultures. There were trends for increased MI-induced secretion of interferon-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both exposed workers and workers with HP. However, these trends did not attain statistical significance. Thus, several measures of immunity to MI distinguished between exposed and unexposed workers but not between workers with and without HP. These evaluations of cell-mediated immunity were not more informative than measurement of serum antibodies. As was done at this facility, institution of a comprehensive safety and health plan for MRF is necessary to eliminate (or minimize) health effects related to occupational exposures in the machining environment. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Trout, Douglas AU - Weissman, David N AU - Lewis, Daniel AU - Brundage, Rodney A AU - Franzblau, Alfred AU - Remick, Daniel AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 953 EP - 960 VL - 18 IS - 11 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - Mycobacterium Infections -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Adult KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Mycobacterium Infections -- microbiology KW - Male KW - Occupational Diseases -- diagnosis KW - Metallurgy -- instrumentation KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- microbiology KW - Industrial Oils -- adverse effects KW - Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic -- diagnosis KW - Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75760820?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+hypersensitivity+pneumonitis+among+workers+exposed+to+metal+removal+fluids.&rft.au=Trout%2C+Douglas%3BWeissman%2C+David+N%3BLewis%2C+Daniel%3BBrundage%2C+Rodney+A%3BFranzblau%2C+Alfred%3BRemick%2C+Daniel&rft.aulast=Trout&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=953&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Neuroimaging and mechanisms of drug abuse: interface of molecular imaging and molecular genetics. AN - 71568622; 15024965 AB - Whereas ligand studies can inform the end-products of dysregulation of genetic expression, reporter gene imaging can provide the means to understand the genetic origin of these end-products. As with radioligand studies, in vivo direct measurement of gene expression will allow genetic processes to be monitored over time in the same subject, use of a subject as his/her own control in intervention studies (i.e., measurement before and after an intervention), and monitoring the spatial distribution of molecular events in the whole brain. Furthermore, reporter gene imaging, by advancing knowledge of the biologic mechanisms of disease states, has important clinical implications, particularly in the development and monitoring of treatments. We expect PET to play a prominent role in the elucidation of substance abuse mechanisms and contribute significantly to the development of innovative treatment strategies. JF - Neuroimaging clinics of North America AU - Ernst, Monique AU - Kimes, Alane S AU - Jazbec, Sandra AD - Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 15K North Drive, Room 118, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD 20892-2670, USA. ernstm@intra.nimh.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 833 EP - 849 VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 1052-5149, 1052-5149 KW - Radiopharmaceuticals KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon KW - Tomography, Emission-Computed KW - Brain -- metabolism KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- metabolism KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- diagnostic imaging KW - Brain -- diagnostic imaging KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71568622?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuroimaging+clinics+of+North+America&rft.atitle=Neuroimaging+and+mechanisms+of+drug+abuse%3A+interface+of+molecular+imaging+and+molecular+genetics.&rft.au=Ernst%2C+Monique%3BKimes%2C+Alane+S%3BJazbec%2C+Sandra&rft.aulast=Ernst&rft.aufirst=Monique&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=833&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuroimaging+clinics+of+North+America&rft.issn=10525149&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-03-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Indicator organisms for safety and quality--uses and methods for detection: minireview. AN - 71544728; 14979704 AB - Indicator organisms have been used for nearly a century to assess the microbiological status of water and foods. Beginning with their use in water sanitation programs, their applications have been extended over the years to other products, and they have become important components of the microbiological testing programs of both industry and regulatory agencies. Functionally, they may be viewed as safety or quality indicators. Safety indicators suggest the presence of conditions associated with increased risk of exposure to a pathogen. Quality indicators assess conditions of importance to product manufacture or consumer acceptability. This minireview summarizes the history, use, and analytical methods for the most commonly used indicator organisms, including the aerobic plate count, yeasts and molds, the coliform groups, JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Tortorello, Mary L AD - US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, 6502 South Archer Rd, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA. mlt@cfsan.fda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 1208 EP - 1217 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Index Medicus KW - Safety KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Sterilization KW - Blood Cell Count KW - Biological Assay -- methods KW - Food Microbiology KW - Fungi -- physiology KW - Bacteria -- growth & development KW - Biological Assay -- standards KW - Fungi -- growth & development KW - Water Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71544728?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Indicator+organisms+for+safety+and+quality--uses+and+methods+for+detection%3A+minireview.&rft.au=Tortorello%2C+Mary+L&rft.aulast=Tortorello&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1208&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Gas chromatographic method for putrescine and cadaverine in shrimp. AN - 71536361; 14979699 AB - A gas-liquid chromatographic method developed for the determination of putrescine and cadaverine in fishery products was modified for application to the determination of diamines in shrimp. Addition of potassium chloride and hydrochloric acid to the methanol-water extraction solvent resulted in increased recovery of the diamines and minimized gel formation. The recovery of putrescine increased on average from 64 to 98%, and the recovery of cadaverine increased from 85 to 93%. The chromatographic separation of the derivatized diamines was significantly improved with a change from an OV-225 column (cyanopropyl methyl phenyl methyl silicone) to a more polar HP-Innowax column (crosslinked polyethylene glycol). Background levels of putrescine and cadaverine in known high-quality shrimp ranged from 0 to 0.7 ppm. Shrimp that failed sensory examination generally contained putrescine at levels >4.8 ppm and cadaverine at levels >1.3 ppm. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Rogers, Patricia L AU - Staruszkiewicz, Walter F AU - Benner, Ronald A AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Washington Seafood Laboratory, HFS-426, Beltsville Research Facility, 8301 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. PRogers@cfsan.fda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 1172 EP - 1178 VL - 86 IS - 6 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Indicators and Reagents KW - 0 KW - Solvents KW - Cadaverine KW - L90BEN6OLL KW - Putrescine KW - V10TVZ52E4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Reference Standards KW - Calibration KW - Shellfish -- analysis KW - Cadaverine -- analysis KW - Penaeidae -- chemistry KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Putrescine -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71536361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Gas+chromatographic+method+for+putrescine+and+cadaverine+in+shrimp.&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Patricia+L%3BStaruszkiewicz%2C+Walter+F%3BBenner%2C+Ronald+A&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1172&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-07 N1 - Date created - 2004-02-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A new look at behavioral outcomes and teratogens: a commentary. AN - 71515538; 14745925 JF - Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology AU - Cordero, José F AD - National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. jcordero@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 900 EP - 902 VL - 67 IS - 11 SN - 1542-0752, 1542-0752 KW - Teratogens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced KW - Maternal-Fetal Exchange -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Research Design KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Behavior -- drug effects KW - Teratogens -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71515538?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.atitle=A+new+look+at+behavioral+outcomes+and+teratogens%3A+a+commentary.&rft.au=Cordero%2C+Jos%C3%A9+F&rft.aulast=Cordero&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=900&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Birth+defects+research.+Part+A%2C+Clinical+and+molecular+teratology&rft.issn=15420752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-27 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2003 Nov;67(11):905-10 [14745927] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of DNA adducts from lung tissue of asphalt fume-exposed mice by nanoflow liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. AN - 71494615; 14705783 AB - A bioanalytical method based on nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled to a hybrid quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed to characterize selected polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts. The collision-induced dissociation of analytes results in characteristic fragmentation patterns that can be utilized to identify the DNA adducts. In the experiment, 32 B6C3F1 mice were exposed daily (4h/day) to asphalt fume in a whole-body inhalation chamber for 10 days; 16 nonexposed mice served as controls. The asphalt fume was generated at 180 degrees C and the concentrations of PAHs in the animal exposure chamber ranged from 152 to 198 mg/m3. The DNA adducts N2-deoxyguanosine-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (N2-dG-BPDE); N6-deoxyadenosine-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (N6-dA-BPDE), and N4-deoxycytidine-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (N4-dC-BPDE) were identified. The concentrations of N2-dG-BPDE, N6-dA-BPDE, and N4-dC-BPDE adducts were determined to be 1.17, 0.97, and 0.68 pmol/mg DNA, respectively, in the lung tissue of exposed mice using the nanoflow technique. The total DNA adducts in exposed lung tissue was determined to be 8.35 pmol/mg DNA by 32P-postlabeling assay. In total, the results indicated that PAH DNA adducts were significantly elevated (p < 0.001) in the lung tissue of asphalt-fume-exposed mice relative to tissue from control animals. JF - Analytical biochemistry AU - Wang, Jin J AU - Marshall, William D AU - Frazer, David G AU - Law, Brandon AU - Lewis, Daniel M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. juw9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Nov 01 SP - 79 EP - 88 VL - 322 IS - 1 SN - 0003-2697, 0003-2697 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - DNA Adducts KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-DNA adduct KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide KW - 55097-80-8 KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mass Spectrometry KW - Animals KW - Mice KW - Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - 7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide -- toxicity KW - DNA Adducts -- chemistry KW - Lung -- chemistry KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- toxicity KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71494615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+DNA+adducts+from+lung+tissue+of+asphalt+fume-exposed+mice+by+nanoflow+liquid+chromatography+quadrupole+time-of-flight+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Jin+J%3BMarshall%2C+William+D%3BFrazer%2C+David+G%3BLaw%2C+Brandon%3BLewis%2C+Daniel+M&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Jin&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=322&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=79&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+biochemistry&rft.issn=00032697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-26 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Lithium interaction with the cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors rofecoxib and celecoxib and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. AN - 71480085; 14658947 AB - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been reported to increase serum lithium concentrations. We sought to determine whether NSAIDs that selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 also elevate serum lithium concentrations. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database was searched in January 2003 for reports of interactions between lithium and rofecoxib or celecoxib, the selective COX-2 inhibitors marketed in the United States. Additionally, a literature search was performed using PubMed with the MeSH terms anti-inflammatory agents, nonsteroidal and lithium. Reports of interactions between NSAIDs and lithium were selected for review based on titles of retrieved citations. Eighteen cases of increased serum lithium concentrations after the addition of one of the COX-2 inhibitors to stable lithium therapy were retrieved from AERS, 13 with rofecoxib and 5 with celecoxib. Serum lithium concentration increases of up to 99% and 448% with concomitant celecoxib and rofecoxib use, respectively, were reported. Thirty-six English-language literature articles report interactions between lithium and various NSAIDs. Although some articles report no effect or decreased serum lithium concentrations with concomitant aspirin or sulindac, increased serum lithium concentration reports exist for aspirin, sulindac, and 14 other NSAIDs, including celecoxib and rofecoxib. Clinicians should consider NSAID use in the differential diagnosis of lithium toxicity, monitor patients' serum lithium concentrations during the initiation or discontinuation of NSAID therapy, and be aware that the selective COX-2 inhibitors can increase serum lithium concentrations leading to toxicity. JF - The Journal of clinical psychiatry AU - Phelan, Kathleen M AU - Mosholder, Andrew D AU - Lu, Susan AD - Office of Drug Safety, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 1328 EP - 1334 VL - 64 IS - 11 SN - 0160-6689, 0160-6689 KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal KW - 0 KW - Antimanic Agents KW - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors KW - Lactones KW - Pyrazoles KW - Sulfonamides KW - Sulfones KW - rofecoxib KW - 0QTW8Z7MCR KW - Lithium Carbonate KW - 2BMD2GNA4V KW - Celecoxib KW - JCX84Q7J1L KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - Lactones -- adverse effects KW - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors -- adverse effects KW - Sulfonamides -- adverse effects KW - Antimanic Agents -- blood KW - Sulfonamides -- pharmacology KW - Lithium Carbonate -- adverse effects KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- adverse effects KW - Antimanic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems -- statistics & numerical data KW - Lithium Carbonate -- blood KW - Lactones -- pharmacology KW - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71480085?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+clinical+psychiatry&rft.atitle=Lithium+interaction+with+the+cyclooxygenase+2+inhibitors+rofecoxib+and+celecoxib+and+other+nonsteroidal+anti-inflammatory+drugs.&rft.au=Phelan%2C+Kathleen+M%3BMosholder%2C+Andrew+D%3BLu%2C+Susan&rft.aulast=Phelan&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1328&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+clinical+psychiatry&rft.issn=01606689&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of emission models with computational fluid dynamic simulation and a proposed improved model. AN - 71471443; 14674808 AB - Understanding source behavior is important in controlling exposure to airborne contaminants. Industrial hygienists are often asked to infer emission information from room concentration data. This is not easily done, but models that make simplifying assumptions regarding contaminant transport are frequently used. The errors resulting from these assumptions are not yet well understood. This study compares emission estimates from the single-zone completely mixed (CM-1), two-zone completely mixed (CM-2), and uniform diffusivity (UD) models with the emissions set as boundary conditions in computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of a workplace. The room airflow and concentration fields were computed using Fluent 4. These numerical experiments were factorial combinations of three source locations, five receptor locations, three dilution airflow rates, and two generation rate profiles, constant and time-varying. The aim was to compute plausible concentration fields, not to simulate exactly the processes in a real workroom. Thus, error is defined here as the difference between model and CFD predictions. For the steady-state case the UD model had the lowest error. When the source near-field contained the breathing zone receptor, the CM-2 model was applied. Then, in decreasing agreement with CFD were UD, CM-2, and CM-1. Averaging over all source and receptor locations (CM-2 applied for only one), in decreasing order of agreement with CFD were UD, CM-1, and CM-2. Source and receptor location had large effects on emission estimates using the CM-1 model and some effect using the UD model. A location-specific mixing factor (location factor) derived from steady-state concentration gradients was used to build a more accurate time-dependent emission model, CM-L. Total mass emitted from a time-varying source was modeled most accurately by CM-L, followed by CM-1 and CM-2. JF - AIHA journal : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety AU - Bennett, James S AU - Feigley, Charles E AU - Khan, Jamil AU - Hosni, Mohammad H AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, 4676 Columbia Parkway MS-R5, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 739 EP - 754 VL - 64 IS - 6 SN - 1542-8117, 1542-8117 KW - Index Medicus KW - Occupational Health KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Forecasting KW - Air Movements KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Workplace KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71471443?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+emission+models+with+computational+fluid+dynamic+simulation+and+a+proposed+improved+model.&rft.au=Bennett%2C+James+S%3BFeigley%2C+Charles+E%3BKhan%2C+Jamil%3BHosni%2C+Mohammad+H&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=739&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AIHA+journal+%3A+a+journal+for+the+science+of+occupational+and+environmental+health+and+safety&rft.issn=15428117&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integration of hepatitis B virus containing mutations in the core promoter/X gene in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. AN - 71469990; 14674670 AB - Integration of hepatitis B virus is thought to be an essential step in hepatitis B virus associated hepatocarcinogenesis. Mutations at nucleotides 1762 and 1764 in the hepatitis B virus, within a sequence encoding both the core promoter gene and the X gene, have been found frequently in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. However, integration of these mutant sequences has not been reported to date. A 228-base pair segment of the hepatitis B virus core promoter gene was amplified from hepatocellular carcinomas and adjacent non-tumourous liver tissue by nested PCR and sequenced. Integration of hepatitis B virus into human genomic DNA was investigated using the 'genome walking' method. Point mutations were found in both hepatitis B virus nucleotides 1762 and 1764 in 8 of 14 hepatocellular carcinoma tissues (57%) and in 11 of 14 adjacent non-tumourous liver tissues (79%). Three patients were evaluated using the 'genome walking' method; all were found to have hepatitis B virus DNA integrated in their hepatocellular carcinoma (two patients) and/or in their non-tumourous liver tissue (three patients). Integration occurred in all tissues near host genomic sites that are prone to integration. Hepatitis B virus was integrated at or near the hepatitis B virus DR1 site in all samples, and all contained truncated X gene sequences that have been reported to be capable of producing fusion transcripts with transactivation potential. Integrated hepatitis B virus DNA containing core promoter mutations at nucleotides 1762 and 1764 was found in hepatocellular carcinoma and/or adjacent non-tumourous liver tissue of three patients. These findings leave open the possibility that insertional mutagenesis or transactivation by fusion transcripts resulting from hepatitis B virus integration could play a role in hepatocarcinogenesis in some patients. JF - Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver AU - Momosaki, S AU - Hsia, C C AU - Nakashima, Y AU - Kojiro, M AU - Tabor, E AD - Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM-300, Rockville, MD 20852-1448, USA. Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 795 EP - 800 VL - 35 IS - 11 SN - 1590-8658, 1590-8658 KW - DNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Viral Core Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Base Sequence KW - DNA, Viral -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Sequence Analysis, DNA KW - Male KW - Female KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- virology KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular -- genetics KW - Viral Core Proteins -- genetics KW - Point Mutation KW - Liver Neoplasms -- virology KW - Hepatitis B virus -- genetics KW - Virus Integration -- genetics KW - Liver Neoplasms -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71469990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Digestive+and+liver+disease+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Italian+Society+of+Gastroenterology+and+the+Italian+Association+for+the+Study+of+the+Liver&rft.atitle=Integration+of+hepatitis+B+virus+containing+mutations+in+the+core+promoter%2FX+gene+in+patients+with+hepatocellular+carcinoma.&rft.au=Momosaki%2C+S%3BHsia%2C+C+C%3BNakashima%2C+Y%3BKojiro%2C+M%3BTabor%2C+E&rft.aulast=Momosaki&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=795&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Digestive+and+liver+disease+%3A+official+journal+of+the+Italian+Society+of+Gastroenterology+and+the+Italian+Association+for+the+Study+of+the+Liver&rft.issn=15908658&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urinary mutagenicity and colorectal adenoma risk. AN - 71421962; 14652290 AB - We investigated urinary mutagenicity and colorectal adenoma risk in a clinic-based, case-control study of currently nonsmoking cases (n = 143) and controls (n = 156). Urinary organics were extracted by C18/methanol from 12-h overnight urine samples, and mutagenicity was determined in Salmonella YG1024 +S9 (Ames test). Adenoma risk was 2.4-fold higher in subjects in the highest versus the lowest quintile of urinary mutagenicity (95% confidence interval = 1.1-5.1). Combining urinary mutagenicity with intake of meat-derived mutagenicity (from our earlier analysis) resulted in a 5.6-fold increase in adenoma risk (95% confidence interval = 2.2-13.9, comparing the highest with the lowest quintile). In our study population, diet may have contributed to mutagenic exposure, which was positively associated with colorectal adenoma risk. JF - Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology AU - Peters, Ulrike AU - DeMarini, David M AU - Sinha, Rashmi AU - Brooks, Lance R AU - Warren, Sarah H AU - Chatterjee, Nilanjan AU - Rothman, Nathaniel AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7273, USA. petersu@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 1253 EP - 1256 VL - 12 IS - 11 Pt 1 SN - 1055-9965, 1055-9965 KW - Mutagens KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Salmonella -- genetics KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Diet KW - Urinalysis KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Female KW - Mutagens -- analysis KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- etiology KW - Adenoma -- etiology KW - Colorectal Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Adenoma -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71421962?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.atitle=Urinary+mutagenicity+and+colorectal+adenoma+risk.&rft.au=Peters%2C+Ulrike%3BDeMarini%2C+David+M%3BSinha%2C+Rashmi%3BBrooks%2C+Lance+R%3BWarren%2C+Sarah+H%3BChatterjee%2C+Nilanjan%3BRothman%2C+Nathaniel&rft.aulast=Peters&rft.aufirst=Ulrike&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=11+Pt+1&rft.spage=1253&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+epidemiology%2C+biomarkers+%26+prevention+%3A+a+publication+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research%2C+cosponsored+by+the+American+Society+of+Preventive+Oncology&rft.issn=10559965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Electrostatic potential on human leukocyte antigen: implications for putative mechanism of chronic beryllium disease. AN - 71403880; 14630515 AB - The pathobiology of chronic beryllium disease (CBD) involves the major histocompatibility complex class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA). Although occupational exposure to beryllium is the cause of CBD, molecular epidemiologic studies suggest that specific (Italic)HLA-DPB1(/Italic) alleles may be genetic susceptibility factors. We have studied three-dimensional structural models of HLA-DP proteins encoded by these genes. The extracellular domains of HLA-DPA1*0103/B1*1701, *1901, *0201, and *0401, and HLA-DPA1*0201/B1*1701, *1901, *0201, and *0401 were modeled from the X-ray coordinates of an HLA-DR template. Using these models, the electrostatic potential at the molecular surface of each HLA-DP was calculated and compared. These comparisons identify specific characteristics in the vicinity of the antigen-binding pocket that distinguish the different HLA-DP allotypes. Differences in electrostatics originate from the shape, specific disposition, and variation in the negatively charged groups around the pocket. The more negative the pocket potential, the greater the odds of developing CBD estimated from reported epidemiologic studies. Adverse impact is caused by charged substitutions in positions 55, 56, 69, 84, and 85, namely, the exact same loci identified as genetic markers of CBD susceptibility as well as cobalt-lung hard metal disease. These findings suggest that certain substitutions may promote an involuntary cation-binding site within a putatively metal-free peptide-binding pocket and therefore change the innate specificity of antigen recognition. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Snyder, James A AU - Weston, Ainsley AU - Tinkle, Sally S AU - Demchuk, Eugene AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 1827 EP - 1834 VL - 111 IS - 15 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Cations KW - 0 KW - HLA-DP Antigens KW - Index Medicus KW - Static Electricity KW - Haplotypes KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Molecular Sequence Data KW - Chronic Disease KW - Amino Acid Sequence KW - Immunization KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Berylliosis -- immunology KW - Berylliosis -- physiopathology KW - Models, Molecular KW - HLA-DP Antigens -- immunology KW - HLA-DP Antigens -- chemistry KW - Genetic Predisposition to Disease UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71403880?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Electrostatic+potential+on+human+leukocyte+antigen%3A+implications+for+putative+mechanism+of+chronic+beryllium+disease.&rft.au=Snyder%2C+James+A%3BWeston%2C+Ainsley%3BTinkle%2C+Sally+S%3BDemchuk%2C+Eugene&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1827&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Allergy. 2000 Feb;55(2):108-15 [10726725] J Immunol. 2001 Mar 1;166(5):3549-55 [11207315] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Nov 7;97(23):12717-22 [11050177] Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2001 May;16(5):514-20 [11370931] Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2001 May;16(5):559-67 [11370935] Hum Immunol. 2001 Jul;62(7):686-93 [11423174] Toxicology. 2001 Aug 13;165(1):27-38 [11551429] Eur Respir J. 2001 Oct;18(4):677-84 [11716174] Int Immunopharmacol. 2002 Feb;2(2-3):293-302 [11811932] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Mar 15;165(6):788-94 [11897645] Am J Epidemiol. 2003 Mar 1;157(5):388-98 [12615603] Eur J Immunogenet. 2003 Jun;30(3):239 [12787005] N Engl J Med. 1989 Apr 27;320(17):1103-9 [2469014] J Mol Graph. 1990 Mar;8(1):52-6, 29 [2268628] Science. 1993 Oct 8;262(5131):242-4 [8105536] Am J Ind Med. 1997 Oct;32(4):337-40 [9258386] Occup Environ Med. 1997 Aug;54(8):605-12 [9326165] Tissue Antigens. 1998 Jul;52(1):27-36 [9714471] J Immunol. 1999 Aug 1;163(3):1647-53 [10415070] Eur J Immunol. 1999 Jul;29(7):2140-7 [10427976] Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 1999 Apr;14(4):223-30 [10457644] J Infect Dis. 2000 Sep;182 Suppl 1:S115-21 [10944493] J Mol Biol. 2000 Nov 24;304(2):177-88 [11080454] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - ArrayTrack--supporting toxicogenomic research at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration National Center for Toxicological Research. AN - 71400650; 14630514 AB - The mapping of the human genome and the determination of corresponding gene functions, pathways, and biological mechanisms are driving the emergence of the new research fields of toxicogenomics and systems toxicology. Many technological advances such as microarrays are enabling this paradigm shift that indicates an unprecedented advancement in the methods of understanding the expression of toxicity at the molecular level. At the National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR) of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, core facilities for genomic, proteomic, and metabonomic technologies have been established that use standardized experimental procedures to support centerwide toxicogenomic research. Collectively, these facilities are continuously producing an unprecedented volume of data. NCTR plans to develop a toxicoinformatics integrated system (TIS) for the purpose of fully integrating genomic, proteomic, and metabonomic data with the data in public repositories as well as conventional (Italic)in vitro(/Italic) and (Italic)in vivo(/Italic) toxicology data. The TIS will enable data curation in accordance with standard ontology and provide or interface a rich collection of tools for data analysis and knowledge mining. In this article the design, practical issues, and functions of the TIS are discussed through presenting its prototype version, ArrayTrack, for the management and analysis of DNA microarray data. ArrayTrack is logically constructed of three linked components: a) a library (LIB) that mirrors critical data in public databases; b) a database (MicroarrayDB) that stores microarray experiment information that is Minimal Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME) compliant; and c) tools (TOOL) that operate on experimental and public data for knowledge discovery. Using ArrayTrack, we can select an analysis method from the TOOL and apply the method to selected microarray data stored in the MicroarrayDB; the analysis results can be linked directly to gene information in the LIB. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Tong, Weida AU - Cao, Xiaoxi AU - Harris, Stephen AU - Sun, Hongmei AU - Fang, Hong AU - Fuscoe, James AU - Harris, Angela AU - Hong, Huixiao AU - Xie, Qian AU - Perkins, Roger AU - Shi, Leming AU - Casciano, Dan AD - Center for Toxicoinformatics, Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. wtong@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 1819 EP - 1826 VL - 111 IS - 15 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Reference Values KW - Toxicology -- trends KW - Humans KW - Statistics as Topic KW - Gene Library KW - Protein Array Analysis -- statistics & numerical data KW - Public Sector KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Databases, Factual KW - Protein Array Analysis -- standards KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- statistics & numerical data KW - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis -- standards KW - Toxicogenetics -- trends KW - Public Health Informatics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71400650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=ArrayTrack--supporting+toxicogenomic+research+at+the+U.S.+Food+and+Drug+Administration+National+Center+for+Toxicological+Research.&rft.au=Tong%2C+Weida%3BCao%2C+Xiaoxi%3BHarris%2C+Stephen%3BSun%2C+Hongmei%3BFang%2C+Hong%3BFuscoe%2C+James%3BHarris%2C+Angela%3BHong%2C+Huixiao%3BXie%2C+Qian%3BPerkins%2C+Roger%3BShi%2C+Leming%3BCasciano%2C+Dan&rft.aulast=Tong&rft.aufirst=Weida&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1819&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Jan 1;31(1):1-12 [12519937] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110(12):A750-5 [12460812] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Dec;110(12):A744-6 [12460811] Bioinformatics. 2002 Nov;18(11):1409 [12424109] Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2002 Jan;1(1):84-8 [12119613] Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2002 Apr;4(2):45-56 [11931569] Mutat Res. 2002 Jan 29;499(1):13-25 [11804602] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Jan;110(1):A8-10 [11781174] Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):207-10 [11752295] Nat Genet. 2001 Dec;29(4):365-71 [11726920] Brief Bioinform. 2001 May;2(2):143-58 [11465732] Nat Genet. 2000 May;25(1):25-9 [10802651] Science. 2000 Feb 18;287(5456):1221, 1223 [10712158] Cancer Res. 1999 Oct 1;59(19):4759-60 [10519378] Mol Carcinog. 1999 Mar;24(3):153-9 [10204799] Nat Biotechnol. 1998 Jan;16(1):40-4 [9447591] Nat Biotechnol. 1998 Jan;16(1):27-31 [9447589] J Chem Inf Comput Sci. 2003 Mar-Apr;43(2):525-31 [12653517] Novartis Found Symp. 2002;247:91-101; discussion 101-3, 119-28, 244-52 [12539951] Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Jan 1;31(1):365-70 [12520024] Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Jan 1;31(1):68-71 [12519949] Nucleic Acids Res. 2003 Jan 1;31(1):23-7 [12519940] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The beta fibrinogen gene G-455-A polymorphism is a risk factor for Legg-Perthes disease. AN - 71396167; 14629463 AB - Legg-Perthes disease is a pediatric hip disorder characterized by avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The etiology of Legg-Perthes disease may involve repeated interruptions of the blood supply to the proximal femur. Thus, the role of thrombosis in Legg-Perthes disease is of interest. The focus of this analysis is an evaluation of the relationship between Legg-Perthes disease and the beta fibrinogen gene G-455-A polymorphism in 55 cases of Legg-Perthes disease and 56 age, race, and gender-matched healthy controls. Parents of subjects completed a questionnaire about their child's lifestyle and medical history. Blood was obtained for plasma and DNA analysis. Study subjects were predominantly white (93%), male (77%) and under age 16 (70%). Cases were more likely to be exposed to passive smoke than were controls (odds ratio 5.6, 95% confidence interval 2.0-12.0). Assuming a dominant genetic model, individuals who possessed either the G/A or A/A genotype were over three times more likely to have Legg-Perthes disease compared to those without the polymorphism (odds ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.5-7.8). Separate analyzes by smoke exposure revealed that the excess risk of the G-455-A polymorphism occurred in those exposed (odds ratio 7.0) as opposed to those unexposed to passive smoke (odds ratio 1.9). Although this difference in the odds ratios is not statistically significant (P=0.2), it suggests a possible interactive effect of cigarette smoke and the b fibrinogen gene G-455-A polymorphism in the risk of developing Legg-Perthes disease. JF - Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH AU - Dilley, A AU - Hooper, W C AU - Austin, H AU - Jamil, M AU - Miller, C AU - Stokes, M AU - Evatt, B AU - Eldridge, J AD - Hematologic Diseases Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. adilley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 2317 EP - 2321 VL - 1 IS - 11 SN - 1538-7933, 1538-7933 KW - BBeta fibrinogen KW - 0 KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution KW - Fibrinogen KW - 9001-32-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Child KW - Child, Preschool KW - Genotype KW - Life Style KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Tobacco Smoke Pollution -- adverse effects KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Case-Control Studies KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Male KW - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide KW - Fibrinogen -- genetics KW - Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease -- genetics KW - Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71396167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+thrombosis+and+haemostasis+%3A+JTH&rft.atitle=The+beta+fibrinogen+gene+G-455-A+polymorphism+is+a+risk+factor+for+Legg-Perthes+disease.&rft.au=Dilley%2C+A%3BHooper%2C+W+C%3BAustin%2C+H%3BJamil%2C+M%3BMiller%2C+C%3BStokes%2C+M%3BEvatt%2C+B%3BEldridge%2C+J&rft.aulast=Dilley&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+thrombosis+and+haemostasis+%3A+JTH&rft.issn=15387933&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-09-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Center specificity in the limited sampling model (LSM): can the LSM developed from healthy subjects be extended to disease states? AN - 71369419; 14651035 AB - Area under the curve (AUC) can be related to the therapeutic or toxic effect of a drug. In order to accurately measure AUC, multiple blood samples are required, but in a clinical setting, frequent blood sampling from the patients is time-consuming and expensive. The limited sampling model (LSM) is one of the approaches that is gaining popularity due to its simplicity for the estimation of AUC using 1 - 3 samples. Despite its simplicity, the LSM has some shortcomings. One of the major drawbacks of the LSM is that the LSM developed under a given condition may not be extended to other conditions. For example, the LSM developed from healthy subjects may not be extended to disease states such as renal or hepatic impairment or vice versa. This characteristic of the LSM can be referred to as "center-specific". In this investigation, the LSM developed from the healthy subjects was used to predict AUC in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Two sets of simulated plasma concentration versus time data for 2 antihypertensive drugs and measured plasma concentration versus time data for 2 representative drugs (A and B) were used in the analysis. The results of the study indicate that the LSM developed from healthy subjects is inadequate to predict AUC in patients with hepatic or renal impairment, indicating center specificity of the LSM. JF - International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics AU - Mahmood, I AD - Division of Clinical Trial Design & Analysis, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Branch, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. Mahmoodi@CBER.FDA.GOV Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 517 EP - 523 VL - 41 IS - 11 SN - 0946-1965, 0946-1965 KW - Antihypertensive Agents KW - 0 KW - Benzimidazoles KW - Benzoates KW - Hydrochlorothiazide KW - 0J48LPH2TH KW - telmisartan KW - U5SYW473RQ KW - Index Medicus KW - Drug Monitoring -- methods KW - Hydrochlorothiazide -- pharmacokinetics KW - Computer Simulation KW - Antihypertensive Agents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Area Under Curve KW - Benzoates -- blood KW - Humans KW - Benzoates -- pharmacokinetics KW - Antihypertensive Agents -- blood KW - Benzimidazoles -- blood KW - Hydrochlorothiazide -- blood KW - Benzimidazoles -- pharmacokinetics KW - Renal Insufficiency -- blood KW - Blood Specimen Collection -- methods KW - Liver Failure -- blood KW - Models, Biological UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71369419?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Center+specificity+in+the+limited+sampling+model+%28LSM%29%3A+can+the+LSM+developed+from+healthy+subjects+be+extended+to+disease+states%3F&rft.au=Mahmood%2C+I&rft.aulast=Mahmood&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=517&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+clinical+pharmacology+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=09461965&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Jun;44(6):292-3; author reply 293-5 [16800102] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal drug use and the timing of prenatal care. AN - 71361575; 14619557 AB - This paper explores the role of maternal drug use and the timing of prenatal care. The study data were collected from women delivering live births at eight participating hospitals in the Washington, D.C., Metropolitan Area Drug Study. An estimated 16.9 percent of the women in this sample initiated prenatal care in their third trimester or received no prenatal care. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, parity, and attitude toward pregnancy, cocaine use was strongly associated with the timing of prenatal care. Using multivariable ordinal logistic regression, the data suggest significant barriers to prenatal care for substance abusers, especially cocaine users. Increasing access to prenatal care continues to be an important public health policy objective, particularly in urban areas where substance abuse is prevalent. Health services research must test strategies that address the timing of prenatal care among drug-dependent, urban women. JF - Journal of health care for the poor and underserved AU - Brady, Thomas M AU - Visscher, Wendy AU - Feder, Moshe AU - Burns, Allison M AD - Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 588 EP - 607 VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1049-2089, 1049-2089 KW - Index Medicus KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Health Services, Indigenous -- utilization KW - Adult KW - District of Columbia -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Pregnancy Outcome KW - Pregnancy KW - Prenatal Care KW - Pregnancy Trimesters KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71361575?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+health+care+for+the+poor+and+underserved&rft.atitle=Maternal+drug+use+and+the+timing+of+prenatal+care.&rft.au=Brady%2C+Thomas+M%3BVisscher%2C+Wendy%3BFeder%2C+Moshe%3BBurns%2C+Allison+M&rft.aulast=Brady&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=588&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+health+care+for+the+poor+and+underserved&rft.issn=10492089&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A different kind of contextual effect: geographical clustering of cocaine incidence in the USA. AN - 71345858; 14600117 AB - Outline the use of the pairwise odds ratio (PWOR) to quantify the extent to which a binary outcome clusters geographically. Quantify the extent to which first experience with cocaine is spatially correlated within US neighbourhoods and cities. Quantify geographical clustering of first experience with cocaine by neighbourhood context. Estimate the PWOR of incident cocaine experience at two levels (neighbourhood, city) and compare across years. Within years, estimate the PWOR by neighbourhood disadvantage and test for trend. US National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. Civilian, non-institutionalised household residents of the United States age 12 years and older interviewed in person during 1979, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993. First experience with cocaine clusters within US neighbourhoods and cities. There is some evidence that the spatial correlation of first experience with cocaine increases with percentage of neighbourhood households living in poverty. The gradient in spatial correlation of incident cocaine experience by neighbourhood poverty level is consistent with current theories of concentrated disadvantage. The possibility that the direction of the poverty gradient might change over the course of a drug epidemic is discussed. JF - Journal of epidemiology and community health AU - Petronis, K R AU - Anthony, J C AD - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. kpetroni@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 893 EP - 900 VL - 57 IS - 11 SN - 0143-005X, 0143-005X KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Humans KW - Population Dynamics KW - Child KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Adult KW - Health Surveys KW - Incidence KW - Social Facilitation KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Cluster Analysis KW - Female KW - Male KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- psychology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Space-Time Clustering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71345858?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+epidemiology+and+community+health&rft.atitle=A+different+kind+of+contextual+effect%3A+geographical+clustering+of+cocaine+incidence+in+the+USA.&rft.au=Petronis%2C+K+R%3BAnthony%2C+J+C&rft.aulast=Petronis&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=893&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+epidemiology+and+community+health&rft.issn=0143005X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2000 Jan 1;57(3):183-92 [10661669] Annu Rev Public Health. 1999;20:15-33 [10352847] Annu Rev Public Health. 2000;21:171-92 [10884951] Soc Sci Med. 2002 May;54(9):1401-17 [12058856] Soc Sci Med. 2002 Jul;55(1):125-39 [12137182] Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1972 Aug;27(2):149-55 [5042822] Biometrics. 1988 Dec;44(4):1049-60 [3233245] Epidemiology. 1991 Sep;2(5):331-8 [1742381] Br J Addict. 1992 Sep;87(9):1345-51 [1392556] Annu Rev Public Health. 1993;14:43-68 [8323597] Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Dec 1;138(11):994-1006 [8256785] Am J Public Health. 1994 May;84(5):825-9 [8179056] Epidemiology. 1994 Sep;5(5):553-5 [7986873] J Health Soc Behav. 1995;Spec No:80-94 [7560851] Am J Public Health. 1996 May;86(5):674-7 [8629718] Demography. 1996 Nov;33(4):395-412; discussion 413-6 [8939412] Am J Epidemiol. 1997 Jul 1;146(1):48-63 [9215223] Science. 1997 Aug 15;277(5328):918-24 [9252316] Am J Public Health. 1998 Feb;88(2):216-22 [9491010] J Epidemiol Community Health. 2000 May;54(5):367-74 [10814658] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Substance use among foreign-born youths in the United States: does the length of residence matter? AN - 71337673; 14600061 JF - American journal of public health AU - Gfroerer, Joseph C AU - Tan, Lucilla L AD - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. jgfroere@samhsa.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 1892 EP - 1895 VL - 93 IS - 11 SN - 0090-0036, 0090-0036 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Self Disclosure KW - Acculturation KW - Humans KW - Health Surveys KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Family Characteristics -- ethnology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prevalence KW - Asian Americans -- psychology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- classification KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- psychology KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- ethnology KW - Hispanic Americans -- psychology KW - Emigration and Immigration -- statistics & numerical data KW - Residence Characteristics KW - Emigration and Immigration -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71337673?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.atitle=Substance+use+among+foreign-born+youths+in+the+United+States%3A+does+the+length+of+residence+matter%3F&rft.au=Gfroerer%2C+Joseph+C%3BTan%2C+Lucilla+L&rft.aulast=Gfroerer&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1892&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+public+health&rft.issn=00900036&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Am J Public Health. 2001 May;91(5):794-8 [11344890] Subst Use Misuse. 2001 Mar;36(4):477-99 [11346278] Am J Public Health. 1990 Dec;80 Suppl:54-60 [9187583] Am J Public Health. 1994 Nov;84(11):1825-7 [7977926] J Adolesc Health. 1999 May;24(5):321-8 [10331838] Am J Public Health. 1993 Feb;83(2):257-9 [8427335] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Arsenic exposure accelerates atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice. AN - 71336374; 14594625 AB - Epidemiologic studies have shown an association between elevated arsenic levels in drinking water and an increased risk of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases. The studies presented here were performed to evaluate the atherogenic potential of arsenic using a well-established and controlled animal model of human atherosclerosis, mice deficient in apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and in vitro systems including primary human vascular cells. Wild-type and ApoE-deficient mice were exposed to 20 or 100 microg/mL sodium arsenite in drinking water for 24 weeks. As assessed morphometrically, the size of grossly discernible lesions covering the intimal area of aorta were increased significantly in arsenic-treated ApoE-deficient mice compared with nontreated transgenic mice. This effect was not associated with increased levels of serum cholesterol but was accompanied by an accumulation of arsenic in the vessel wall. Introduction of cocoa butter into the diet for 2 weeks resulted in higher serum cholesterol levels and only slight increases in the lesion size in control or arsenic-exposed ApoE-deficient mice. There were no lesions observed in the wild-type C57BL6 mice, resistant to atherosclerosis, whether they received arsenic or control drinking water. In vitro studies, including primary aorta endothelial or smooth muscle cells, were conducted to evaluate whether arsenic induces cellular mechanisms relevant to atherogenesis such as endothelial dysfunction, lipid oxidation, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Arsenic treatment does not modulate endothelial cell-mediated lipid oxidation or smooth muscle cell proliferation but induced the expression of genes coding inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-8. Induction of endothelial inflammatory activity may play a role in arsenic-related vascular effects. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Simeonova, Petia P AU - Hulderman, Tracy AU - Harki, Dan AU - Luster, Michael I AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA. psimeonova@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 1744 EP - 1748 VL - 111 IS - 14 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Apolipoproteins E KW - 0 KW - Interleukin-8 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Cell Culture Techniques KW - Cardiovascular System -- cytology KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Lipid Peroxidation KW - Inflammation KW - Interleukin-8 -- biosynthesis KW - Muscle, Smooth -- cytology KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Female KW - Cell Division KW - Arsenic -- toxicity KW - Apolipoproteins E -- physiology KW - Apolipoproteins E -- drug effects KW - Gene Expression Regulation -- drug effects KW - Arsenic Poisoning -- complications KW - Arteriosclerosis -- physiopathology KW - Apolipoproteins E -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71336374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.atitle=Arsenic+exposure+accelerates+atherogenesis+in+apolipoprotein+E%28-%2F-%29+mice.&rft.au=Simeonova%2C+Petia+P%3BHulderman%2C+Tracy%3BHarki%2C+Dan%3BLuster%2C+Michael+I&rft.aulast=Simeonova&rft.aufirst=Petia&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=14&rft.spage=1744&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+health+perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Clin Invest. 2000 Jun;105(11):1605-12 [10841519] Cancer Res. 2000 Jul 1;60(13):3445-53 [10910055] J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2000;19(3):281-6 [10983894] Circulation. 2001 Jan 23;103(3):448-54 [11157699] Atherosclerosis. 2001 May;156(1):49-55 [11368996] Toxicol Lett. 2001 Aug 6;123(1):11-9 [11514101] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2001 Oct 1;176(1):64-71 [11578149] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 Mar 1;179(2):83-8 [11884240] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Apr;110(4):331-6 [11940449] Circulation. 2002 Apr 16;105(15):1804-9 [11956123] Free Radic Biol Med. 1999 Dec;27(11-12):1405-12 [10641735] Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 Oct 1;184(1):11-8 [12392964] J Natl Cancer Inst. 1969 Jun;42(6):1045-52 [5797547] Br J Ind Med. 1978 Feb;35(1):8-15 [629894] Int J Epidemiol. 1980 Mar;9(1):73-87 [7419333] Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1982 Sep;51(3):253-65 [7136731] Am J Epidemiol. 1982 Dec;116(6):895-911 [7148816] Arch Environ Health. 1982 Nov-Dec;37(6):325-35 [7181533] Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1983 Sep;31(3):267-70 [6626752] Arteriosclerosis. 1988 Sep-Oct;8(5):452-60 [3190552] N Engl J Med. 1989 Apr 6;320(14):915-24 [2648148] Angiology. 1989 Jun;40(6):547-58 [2719339] Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Aug 11;17(15):6419 [2771659] Am J Epidemiol. 1989 Dec;130(6):1123-32 [2589305] J Dermatol. 1990 Oct;17(10):599-608 [2273161] J Clin Invest. 1991 Dec;88(6):1785-92 [1752940] Science. 1992 Dec 11;258(5089):1798-801 [1281554] Eur J Pharmacol. 1993 Aug 10;240(1):81-4 [8405125] Arterioscler Thromb. 1994 Jan;14(1):133-40 [8274468] Arterioscler Thromb. 1994 Apr;14(4):605-16 [7511933] J Immunol. 1996 Feb 1;156(3):932-8 [8558019] Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1996 Apr;16(4):504-10 [8624771] Science. 1996 May 3;272(5262):685-8 [8614828] Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol. 1996 Aug;93(2):131-48 [8884985] Free Radic Biol Med. 1996;21(6):783-90 [8902524] Free Radic Biol Med. 1997;22(6):1115-26 [9034250] J Immunol. 1997 Oct 15;159(8):3921-8 [9378980] J Biol Chem. 1998 Feb 20;273(8):4616-21 [9468519] Curr Opin Lipidol. 1998 Oct;9(5):397-405 [9812193] Am J Pathol. 1998 Dec;153(6):1775-85 [9846968] Atherosclerosis. 1998 Dec;141(2):249-57 [9862173] N Engl J Med. 1999 Jan 14;340(2):115-26 [9887164] Nature. 1999 Apr 22;398(6729):718-23 [10227295] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of asphalt fume inhalation exposure at simulated road paving conditions prior to bacterial infection on lung defense responses in rats. AN - 71290560; 14569497 AB - Asphalt fume inhalation has been suspected of affecting immune function in exposed workers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of asphalt exposure on lung immune responses in rats using a bacterial infectivity model. Pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed by inhalation to asphalt fumes (72.6 +/- 4.95 mg/m3) or filtered air for 6 h/day for 5 days. One day after the final asphalt exposure, rats were intratracheally inoculated with 5 x 10(5) Listeria monocytogenes. At 0 (prior to bacterial inoculation), 3, and 7 days after L. monocytogenes instillation, the lungs of each animal were divided. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on right lungs. The recovered BAL cells were then differentiated and counted, and alveolar macrophage (AM) function was determined. Albumin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), two indices of lung injury, were measured in the acellular BAL fluid. To assess bacterial clearance, the left lungs were removed, homogenized, and bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted. In addition, lung-draining lymph nodes were removed, and lymphocyte phenotype and lymphocyte-induced cytokine production were examined. Asphalt fume exposure did not cause lung injury or inflammation in rats in the absence of infection. Infection induced elevations in AMs, neutrophils (PMNs), albumin, and LDH. Importantly, no significant differences were seen when comparing the asphalt group with the air and nonexposed naive groups at any time before or after infection. Also, asphalt fume inhalation exposure did not affect the rate of pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes or AM production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. However, asphalt-related increases in lymphocyte secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 were observed at different times after bacterial infection, whereas the total number of lymph-node cells and the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells were not significantly different among the treatment groups. Despite the asphalt-induced changes observed in lymphokine secretion, adaptive immune function seemed to function properly in lung defense against bacterial infection. Because innate nonspecific lung responses and pulmonary clearance of L. monocytogenes were unaffected by asphalt fume exposure, lung defenses were sufficient to control the infection. It was concluded that acute inhalation of asphalt fumes at a high concentration had a minimal effect on lung immune responses to infection in rats. JF - Inhalation toxicology AU - Antonini, James M AU - Roberts, Jenny R AU - Taylor, Michael D AU - Yin, Xuejun AU - Stone, Samuel AU - Moseley, Amy AU - Ma, Joseph K-H AU - Frazer, David G AU - Castranova, Vincent AU - Ma, Jane Y C AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. jga6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 1347 EP - 1368 VL - 15 IS - 13 SN - 0895-8378, 0895-8378 KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Lung Diseases -- etiology KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Phenotype KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Incineration KW - Listeria monocytogenes -- pathogenicity KW - Lymphocytes -- immunology KW - Lymphocytes -- physiology KW - Lung Diseases -- immunology KW - Male KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Lung -- immunology KW - Hydrocarbons -- administration & dosage KW - Inhalation Exposure KW - Lung -- pathology KW - Listeriosis -- immunology KW - Hydrocarbons -- poisoning KW - Lung -- microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71290560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.atitle=Effect+of+asphalt+fume+inhalation+exposure+at+simulated+road+paving+conditions+prior+to+bacterial+infection+on+lung+defense+responses+in+rats.&rft.au=Antonini%2C+James+M%3BRoberts%2C+Jenny+R%3BTaylor%2C+Michael+D%3BYin%2C+Xuejun%3BStone%2C+Samuel%3BMoseley%2C+Amy%3BMa%2C+Joseph+K-H%3BFrazer%2C+David+G%3BCastranova%2C+Vincent%3BMa%2C+Jane+Y+C&rft.aulast=Antonini&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1347&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Inhalation+toxicology&rft.issn=08958378&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activator 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits neuroblastoma cell growth through induction of apoptosis: association with extracellular signal-regulated kinase signal pathway. AN - 71286912; 12966153 AB - Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligands have been demonstrated to inhibit growth of several cancer cells. Here, we investigated whether one of the PPAR-gamma ligands, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15-deoxy-PGJ2) inhibits cell growth of two human neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-SH and SK-N-MC) in a PPAR-gamma-dependent manner. PPAR-gamma was expressed in these cells, and 15-deoxy-PGJ2 increased expression, DNA binding activity, and transcriptional activity of PPAR-gamma. 15-Deoxy-PGJ2 also inhibited cell growth in time- and dose-dependent manners in both cells. Cells were arrested in G2/M phase after 15-deoxy-PGJ2 treatment with concomitant increase in the expression of G2/M phase regulatory protein cyclin B1 but decrease in the expression of cdk2, cdk4, cyclin A, cyclin D1, cyclin E, and cdc25C. Conversely, related to the growth inhibitory effect, 15-deoxy-PGJ2 increased the induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent with the induction of apoptosis, 15-deoxy-PGJ2 increased the expression of proapoptotic proteins caspase 3, caspase 9, and Bax but down-regulated antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. 15-Deoxy-PGJ2 also activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 2. In addition, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1/2 inhibitor PD98059 (2'-amino-3'-methoxyflavone) decreased 15-deoxy-PGJ2-induced ERK2 activation, and expression of PPAR-gamma, capase-3, and cyclin B1. Moreover, MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 significantly prevented against the 15-deoxy-PGJ2-induced cell growth inhibition. We also found that PPAR-gamma antagonist GW9662 (2-chloro-5-nitro-N-phenylbenzamide) reversed the 15-deoxy-PGJ2-induced cell growth inhibition, PPAR-gamma expression, and activation of ERK2. These results demonstrate that 15-deoxy-PGJ2 inhibits growth of human neuroblastoma cells via the induction of apoptosis in a PPAR-gamma-dependent manner through activation of ERK pathway and suggest that 15-deoxy-PGJ2 may have promising application as a therapeutic agent for neuroblastoma. JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Kim, Eun Joung AU - Park, Ki Sook AU - Chung, Soo Youn AU - Sheen, Yhun Yhong AU - Moon, Dong Chuol AU - Song, Yeun Sook AU - Kim, Kyong Soon AU - Song, Sukgil AU - Yun, Yeo Pyo AU - Lee, Myung Koo AU - Oh, Ki Wan AU - Yoon, Do Young AU - Hong, Jin Tae AD - National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea. Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 505 EP - 517 VL - 307 IS - 2 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 KW - 0 KW - 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide KW - Anilides KW - CCNB1 protein, human KW - Cyclin B KW - Cyclin B1 KW - Immunologic Factors KW - NF-kappa B KW - Organic Chemicals KW - PD 98058 KW - Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear KW - Transcription Factors KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.24 KW - CASP3 protein, human KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspases KW - Prostaglandin D2 KW - RXY07S6CZ2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Neuroblastoma -- pathology KW - Drug Interactions KW - Humans KW - Cyclin B -- metabolism KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Anilides -- pharmacology KW - Caspases -- metabolism KW - G2 Phase -- drug effects KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Organic Chemicals -- pharmacology KW - Mitosis -- drug effects KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - Signal Transduction -- physiology KW - Prostaglandin D2 -- pharmacology KW - Apoptosis KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear -- metabolism KW - Prostaglandin D2 -- analogs & derivatives KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Immunologic Factors -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71286912?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Peroxisome+proliferator-activated+receptor-gamma+activator+15-deoxy-Delta12%2C14-prostaglandin+J2+inhibits+neuroblastoma+cell+growth+through+induction+of+apoptosis%3A+association+with+extracellular+signal-regulated+kinase+signal+pathway.&rft.au=Kim%2C+Eun+Joung%3BPark%2C+Ki+Sook%3BChung%2C+Soo+Youn%3BSheen%2C+Yhun+Yhong%3BMoon%2C+Dong+Chuol%3BSong%2C+Yeun+Sook%3BKim%2C+Kyong+Soon%3BSong%2C+Sukgil%3BYun%2C+Yeo+Pyo%3BLee%2C+Myung+Koo%3BOh%2C+Ki+Wan%3BYoon%2C+Do+Young%3BHong%2C+Jin+Tae&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Eun&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=307&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=505&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-fatal injuries in the West Virginia logging industry: using workers' compensation claims to assess risk from 1995 through 2001. AN - 71286824; 14571514 AB - The logging industry has a high rate of both fatal and non-fatal injuries in comparison to other industries, and plays a vital role in WV's economy. Workers' compensation (WC) injury claims and employment data were summarized to examine patterns and rates of non-fatal logging injuries in WV from 1995 through 2001. The average annual rate of injury claims was 16.0 per 100 workers per year with rates remaining relatively steady over the 7-year study period. The highest rates of injury were a result of being struck by an object, typically trees, snags, or logs. WV loggers most often file injury claims as a result of being struck by trees and tree parts, snags, and logs. Assessment of risk is a critical component in helping regulators, researchers, and the logging industry develop viable prevention strategies to reduce the incidence and severity of logging-related injuries. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Bell, Jennifer L AU - Helmkamp, James C AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505-2888, USA. jbell@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 502 EP - 509 VL - 44 IS - 5 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Death KW - Insurance Claim Review -- statistics & numerical data KW - Humans KW - West Virginia -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Workers' Compensation -- statistics & numerical data KW - Forestry -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71286824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Non-fatal+injuries+in+the+West+Virginia+logging+industry%3A+using+workers%27+compensation+claims+to+assess+risk+from+1995+through+2001.&rft.au=Bell%2C+Jennifer+L%3BHelmkamp%2C+James+C&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=502&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Training Team Leaders in a Child Welfare Setting Using the SPIN Leadership Guidance Model AN - 61547895; 200401341 AB - An accurate multidisciplinary assessment of families shapes interventions that ensure children's safety & well-being, the primary goal of public child welfare. Complete assessments consider the strengths parents bring to their relationships with their children, as well as the challenges posed when multiple, serious problems are present in the family. In 1996, the Massachusetts Dept of Social Services (DSS) brought together the expertise of child welfare staff & community providers to improve the assessment of families across the state. To accomplish this, DSS initiated an innovative assessment project that established multidisciplinary teams. This article describes collaboration between the Boston University School of Social Work (BUSSW) & DSS to support the leaders of these multidisciplinary teams. 4 Tables, 2 Figures, 14 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Children and Youth Services Review AU - Zimmerman, Libby AU - Amodeo, Maryann AU - Fassler, Irene AU - Ellis, Michael AU - Clay, Cassandra AD - Early Head Start National Resource Center Zero to Three, Boston, MA lzimmerman@acf.hhs.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 SP - 891 EP - 910 VL - 25 IS - 11 SN - 0190-7409, 0190-7409 KW - Professional Training KW - Child Welfare Services KW - Social Workers KW - Boston, Massachusetts KW - Intervention KW - Interprofessional Approach KW - Leadership KW - article KW - 6150: professional issues in social work UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61547895?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Children+and+Youth+Services+Review&rft.atitle=Training+Team+Leaders+in+a+Child+Welfare+Setting+Using+the+SPIN+Leadership+Guidance+Model&rft.au=Zimmerman%2C+Libby%3BAmodeo%2C+Maryann%3BFassler%2C+Irene%3BEllis%2C+Michael%3BClay%2C+Cassandra&rft.aulast=Zimmerman&rft.aufirst=Libby&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=891&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Children+and+Youth+Services+Review&rft.issn=01907409&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 15 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - CYSRDU N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Child Welfare Services; Boston, Massachusetts; Interprofessional Approach; Social Workers; Intervention; Professional Training; Leadership ER - TY - BOOK T1 - Health, United States, 2003, Special Excerpt: Trend Tables on 65 and Older Population AN - 58772141; 2007-18842 AB - This special excerpt from Health, United States, 2003, contains selected tables that include data on the 65 and older population. Statistics are broken down according to sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age. Tables. JF - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nov 2003, 123 pp. AU - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - November 2003 EP - 123p PB - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention KW - Population groups, population policy, and demographics - Demography and census KW - United States - Demographics KW - Old age - Health KW - United States - Health conditions KW - book UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58772141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=U.S.+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aulast=U.S.+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=123p&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=Health%2C+United+States%2C+2003%2C+Special+Excerpt%3A+Trend+Tables+on+65+and+Older+Population&rft.title=Health%2C+United+States%2C+2003%2C+Special+Excerpt%3A+Trend+Tables+on+65+and+Older+Population&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/misc/hus2003excerpt.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2007-09-07 N1 - Publication note - United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003 N1 - SuppNotes - DHHS Publication No. 2004-0152 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - TRANSFUSION PRACTICE: Management of severe VWD with cryoprecipitate collected by repeated apheresis of a single dedicated donor AN - 20845628; 6597964 AB - BACKGROUND:Rare and severe forms of VWD are associated with trace or absent VWF. The feasibility of supporting a child with severe VWD from birth through age 12 with cryoprecipitate derived from DDAVP-stimulated plasma exchange of a single dedicated donor is reported. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:An infant with excessive hemorrhage at circumcision was found to have Type 3 VWD. His father carried an allele with a mutation at the level of VWF mRNA expression but did not have a history of bleeding. Cryoprecipitate was prepared from serial DDAVP-stimulated plasma exchanges of the father. RESULTS:Repeated plasma-exchange donations were performed to provide all of the VWF needed for his son. An average of 14 cryoprecipitate units was prepared from each donation, and the units contained markedly elevated levels of FVIII:C. The cryoprecipitate was stored for up to 102 months. Components tested after more than 8 years of storage showed 48 to 130 percent of original FVIII:C activity. Ninety-seven percent of the bleeding episodes, such as epistaxis, tongue-biting accidents, and other minor lacerations, were successfully managed with a single 50- to 100-percent replacement dose of FVIII. The patient experienced normal growth and development and is free of any long-term sequelae attributable to his disease. CONCLUSIONS:Cryoprecipitate prepared by repeated plasma exchange of a VWD carrier provided excellent hemostatic function, even after storage intervals of more than a year. Plasma exchange of a committed donor was a cost-effective and safe option for long-term management of VWD. JF - Transfusion AU - Pomper, Gregory J AU - Rick, Margaret E AU - Epstein, Jay S AU - Read, Elizabeth J AU - Leitman, Susan F AD - Departments of Transfusion Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health; and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, gpomper@wfubmc.edu Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 1514 EP - 1521 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 43 IS - 11 SN - 0041-1132, 0041-1132 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Storage KW - Feasibility studies KW - Historical account KW - Accidents KW - Age KW - Economics KW - transfusion KW - Mutation KW - Infants KW - H 0500:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20845628?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transfusion&rft.atitle=TRANSFUSION+PRACTICE%3A+Management+of+severe+VWD+with+cryoprecipitate+collected+by+repeated+apheresis+of+a+single+dedicated+donor&rft.au=Pomper%2C+Gregory+J%3BRick%2C+Margaret+E%3BEpstein%2C+Jay+S%3BRead%2C+Elizabeth+J%3BLeitman%2C+Susan+F&rft.aulast=Pomper&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=1514&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transfusion&rft.issn=00411132&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1537-2995.2003.00550.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Figures, 3; tables, 3; references, 19. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Feasibility studies; Storage; Historical account; Age; Accidents; Economics; transfusion; Mutation; Infants DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00550.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Opinion: Challenges and opportunities in animal drug development: a regulatory perspective AN - 20640782; 7921047 AB - Veterinary drugs are important in maintaining the health and productivity of agricultural animals, and the health of companion animals. Although there are many parallels between the development of animal drugs and human drugs, there are also important differences. This article focuses on some key challenges and opportunities for veterinary drug development in the light of the regulatory framework for animal healthcare. JF - Nature Reviews: Drug Discovery AU - Lathers, Claire M AD - Claire M. Lathers is at the Center for Veterinary Medicine, FDA, Office of the Director, HFV-1, 7519 Standish Place, Rockville, Maryland 20855, USA., lathers@attglobal.net Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 915 EP - 919 PB - Nature Publishing Group, The Macmillan Building 4 Crinan Street London N1 9XW UK, [mailto:feedback@nature.com], [URL:http://www.nature.com/] VL - 2 IS - 11 SN - 1474-1784, 1474-1784 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Drug development KW - Drugs KW - W 30915:Pharmaceuticals & Vaccines UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20640782?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews%3A+Drug+Discovery&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+Challenges+and+opportunities+in+animal+drug+development%3A+a+regulatory+perspective&rft.au=Lathers%2C+Claire+M&rft.aulast=Lathers&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=915&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nature+Reviews%3A+Drug+Discovery&rft.issn=14741784&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnrd1229 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drug development; Drugs DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrd1229 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic relatedness of Salmonella serovars isolated from animal-derived dog treats in the USA AN - 19254739; 5832965 AB - The objectives of this study were to determine the potential risk of dog treats in transmitting Salmonella to humans in the USA, and to characterize genetic relatedness and antimicrobial resistance among the isolates. A total of 158 dog treats derived from pig ears and other animal parts were randomly collected nationwide and assayed for the presence of Salmonella. The Salmonella isolates were characterized using serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Forty-one percent (65/158) of samples were positive for Salmonella. Eighty-four Salmonella isolates, comprising 24 serotypes, were recovered from the 65 positive samples. Fourteen samples were contaminated with more than one Salmonella serotype. PFGE analysis of 78 Salmonella isolates yielded 64 patterns. S. Infantis with PFGE patterns indistinguishable from those of strains identified in Canadian outbreaks in 1999 were recovered in several dog treat products. The majority of Salmonella isolates were susceptible to the antimicrobials tested; however, resistance was observed to tetracycline (26%), streptomycin (23%), sulfamethoxazole (19%), chloramphenicol (8%) and ampicillin (8%). Twenty-eight (36%) Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial and 10 (13%) isolates displayed resistance to four or more antimicrobials. Two isolates were identified as S. Typhimurium DT104 with the characteristic penta-resistance phenotype (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline). One S. Brandenburg isolate was resistant to eight antimicrobials. Seven Salmonella isolates also contained class I integrons encoding resistance genes to aminoglycosides, beta -lactam and streptothricin antimicrobials. The study indicates that animal-derived dog treats in the USA could be a potential source of animal and human infections with Salmonella, including multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains. JF - Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy AU - White, D G AU - Datta, A AU - McDermott, P AU - Friedman, S AU - Qaiyumi, S AU - Ayers, S AU - English, L AU - McDermott, S AU - Wagner, D D AU - Zhao, S AD - Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Regulatory Affairs, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20708, USA, szhao@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 860 EP - 863 VL - 52 IS - 5 SN - 0305-7453, 0305-7453 KW - dogs KW - streptothricins KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Sulfamethoxazole KW - Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis KW - Serotyping KW - Ampicillin KW - Multidrug resistance KW - Ear KW - Tetracyclines KW - Salmonella KW - Susceptibility KW - J 02861:Microflora KW - J 02814:Drug resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19254739?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+susceptibility+and+genetic+relatedness+of+Salmonella+serovars+isolated+from+animal-derived+dog+treats+in+the+USA&rft.au=White%2C+D+G%3BDatta%2C+A%3BMcDermott%2C+P%3BFriedman%2C+S%3BQaiyumi%2C+S%3BAyers%2C+S%3BEnglish%2C+L%3BMcDermott%2C+S%3BWagner%2C+D+D%3BZhao%2C+S&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=860&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=03057453&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkg441 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Sulfamethoxazole; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; Ampicillin; Serotyping; Ear; Multidrug resistance; Tetracyclines; Susceptibility; Salmonella DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkg441 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Signal pathway profiling of ovarian cancer from human tissue specimens using reverse-phase protein microarrays AN - 19230656; 5806720 AB - Defects in cell signaling pathways play a central role in cancer cell growth, survival, invasion and metastasis. An important goal of proteomics is to characterize and develop "circuit maps" of these signaling pathways in normal and diseased cells. We have used reverse-phase protein array technology coupled with laser capture microdissection and phospho-specific antibodies to examine the activation status of several key molecular "gates" involved in cell survival and proliferation signaling in human ovarian tumor tissue. The levels of activated extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) varied considerably in tumors of the same histotype, but no significant differences between histotypes were observed. Advanced stage tumors had slightly higher levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 compared to early stage tumors. The activation status of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta , key proteins and indicators of the state of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pro-survival pathway also showed more variation within each histotype than between the histoypes studied. Our results demonstrate the utility of reverse phase protein microarrays for the multiplexed analysis of signal transduction from discreet cell populations of cells procured directly from human ovarian tumor specimens and suggest that patterns in signal pathway activation in ovarian tumors may be patient-specific rather than type or stage specific. JF - Proteomics AU - Wulfkuhle, J D AU - Aquino, JA AU - Calvert, V S AU - Fishman, DA AU - Coukos, G AU - Liotta, LA AU - Petricoin, EF III AD - Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Building 29A/Room 2B20, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, wulfkuhle@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 2085 EP - 2090 VL - 3 IS - 11 SN - 1615-9853, 1615-9853 KW - protein microarrays KW - proteomics KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Metastases KW - Ovarian cancer KW - Antibodies KW - 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase KW - Protein kinase KW - Tumors KW - Specimens KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19230656?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proteomics&rft.atitle=Signal+pathway+profiling+of+ovarian+cancer+from+human+tissue+specimens+using+reverse-phase+protein+microarrays&rft.au=Wulfkuhle%2C+J+D%3BAquino%2C+JA%3BCalvert%2C+V+S%3BFishman%2C+DA%3BCoukos%2C+G%3BLiotta%2C+LA%3BPetricoin%2C+EF+III&rft.aulast=Wulfkuhle&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2085&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proteomics&rft.issn=16159853&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpmic.200300591 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Protein Microarrays. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Ovarian cancer; Specimens; 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Metastases; Antibodies; Protein kinase; Tumors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200300591 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Signal pathway profiling of prostate cancer using reverse phase protein arrays AN - 19225669; 5806727 AB - Reverse phase protein arrays represent a new proteomics microarray technology with which to study the fluctuating state of the proteome in minute quantities of cells. The activation status of cell signaling pathways controls cellular fate and deregulation of these pathways underpins carcinogenesis. Changes in pathway activation that occur between early stage prostatic epithelial lesions, prostatic stroma and the extracellular matrix can be analyzed by obtaining pure populations of cell types by laser capture microdissection (LCM) and analyzing the relative states of several key phosphorylation points within the cellular circuitry. We have applied reverse phase protein array technology to analyze the status of key points in cell signaling involved in pro-survival, mitogenic, apoptotic and growth regulation pathways in the progression from normal prostate epithelium to invasive prostate cancer. Using multiplexed reverse phase protein arrays coupled with LCM, the states of signaling changes during disease progression from prostate cancer study sets were analyzed. Focused analysis of phosphospecific endpoints revealed changes in cellular signaling events through disease progression and between patients. We have used a new protein array technology to study specific molecular pathways believed to be important in cell survival and progression from normal epithelium to invasive carcinoma directly from human tissue specimens. With the advent of molecular targeted therapeutics, the identification, characterization and monitoring of the signaling events within actual human biopsies will be critical for patient-tailored therapy. JF - Proteomics AU - Grubb, R L AU - Calvert, V S AU - Wulfkuhle, J D AU - Paweletz, C P AU - Linehan, WM AU - Phillips, J L AU - Chuaqui, R AU - Valasco, A AU - Gillespie, J AU - Emmert-Buck, M AU - Liotta, LA AU - Petricoin, E F AD - Center for Biologics Evalution and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Building 29A/Room 2D12, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, petricoin@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 2142 EP - 2146 VL - 3 IS - 11 SN - 1615-9853, 1615-9853 KW - man KW - proteomics KW - reverse-phase protein arrays KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Extracellular matrix KW - Biopsy KW - Epithelium KW - Signals KW - Prostate KW - Cancer KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19225669?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proteomics&rft.atitle=Signal+pathway+profiling+of+prostate+cancer+using+reverse+phase+protein+arrays&rft.au=Grubb%2C+R+L%3BCalvert%2C+V+S%3BWulfkuhle%2C+J+D%3BPaweletz%2C+C+P%3BLinehan%2C+WM%3BPhillips%2C+J+L%3BChuaqui%2C+R%3BValasco%2C+A%3BGillespie%2C+J%3BEmmert-Buck%2C+M%3BLiotta%2C+LA%3BPetricoin%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Grubb&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2142&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proteomics&rft.issn=16159853&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fpmic.200300598 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Protein Microarrays. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prostate; Cancer; Signals; Extracellular matrix; Epithelium; Biopsy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200300598 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of NSE/PS2m-transgenic mice in the study of the protective effect of exercise on Alzheimer's disease AN - 19220851; 5779563 AB - In its late stage, Alzheimer's disease results in progressive muscle weakness in the arms and legs. The aim of this study was to determine whether mice expressing the skeletal muscle-specific mutant PS2 gene (a model of Alzheimer's disease) are a useful experimental system to study the protective effect of exercise on A beta -42 reduction, improvement of behavioural function and changes in metabolic parameters. With this aim in mind, the transgenic mice were subjected to treadmill exercise for 3 months. The results showed that in transgenic mice, but not in normal mice, treadmill exercise resulted in a reduction of A beta -42 deposits and an improvement in behavioural function, thereby restoring normal concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride. Thus, exercise may represent a practical therapeutic strategy for use with human patients with Alzheimer's disease. JF - Journal of Sports Sciences AU - Cho, Jun Y AU - Hwang, Dae Y AU - Kang, Tae S AU - Shin, Dong H AU - Hwang, Jin H AU - Lim, Chae H AU - Lee, Su H AU - Lim, Hwa J AU - Min, Sae H AU - Seo, Su J AU - Song, Youn S AU - Nam, Ki T AU - Lee, Kyu S AU - Cho, Jung S AU - Kim, Yong K AD - Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea FDA, 5 Nokbun-dong Eunpyng-ku, Seoul 122-704, Korea, kimyongkyu@hanmail.net Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 943 EP - 951 VL - 21 IS - 11 SN - 0264-0414, 0264-0414 KW - protective health KW - Physical Education Index KW - Strength KW - Behavior KW - Animal subjects KW - Muscles KW - Brain KW - Legs KW - Diseases KW - Exercise KW - Arms KW - PE 090:Sports Medicine & Exercise Sport Science UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19220851?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Sports+Sciences&rft.atitle=Use+of+NSE%2FPS2m-transgenic+mice+in+the+study+of+the+protective+effect+of+exercise+on+Alzheimer%27s+disease&rft.au=Cho%2C+Jun+Y%3BHwang%2C+Dae+Y%3BKang%2C+Tae+S%3BShin%2C+Dong+H%3BHwang%2C+Jin+H%3BLim%2C+Chae+H%3BLee%2C+Su+H%3BLim%2C+Hwa+J%3BMin%2C+Sae+H%3BSeo%2C+Su+J%3BSong%2C+Youn+S%3BNam%2C+Ki+T%3BLee%2C+Kyu+S%3BCho%2C+Jung+S%3BKim%2C+Yong+K&rft.aulast=Cho&rft.aufirst=Jun&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=943&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Sports+Sciences&rft.issn=02640414&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Animal subjects; Exercise; Brain; Diseases; Muscles; Strength; Arms; Legs; Behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Photoreaction, Phototoxicity, and Photocarcinogenicity of Retinoids AN - 19216324; 5797567 AB - Sunlight is a human carcinogen. Many retinoid-containing cosmetics are used to protect damages caused by sunlight irradiation. Since retinol is thermally unstable and retinyl palmitate (RP) is relatively more stable, RP is also widely used as an ingredient in cosmetic formulations. In general, little is known about the photodecomposition of retinoids and the toxicity of retinoids and their photodecomposition products on the skin's responses to sunlight. This review focuses on the update information on photoreactions, phototoxicity, and photocarcinogenicity of the natural retinoids including retinol, retinal, retinoid acid (RA), retinyl acetate, and RP. JF - Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C: Environmental Carcinogenesis and Ecotoxicology Reviews AU - Fu, P P AU - Cheng, SH AU - Coop, L AU - Xia, Q AU - Culp, S J AU - Tolleson, W H AU - Wamer, W G AU - Howard, P C AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, pfu@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 165 EP - 197 VL - C21 IS - 2 SN - 1059-0501, 1059-0501 KW - retinal KW - retinoid acid KW - retinoids KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Phototoxicity KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Reviews KW - Vitamin A KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19216324?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+C%3A+Environmental+Carcinogenesis+and+Ecotoxicology+Reviews&rft.atitle=Photoreaction%2C+Phototoxicity%2C+and+Photocarcinogenicity+of+Retinoids&rft.au=Fu%2C+P+P%3BCheng%2C+SH%3BCoop%2C+L%3BXia%2C+Q%3BCulp%2C+S+J%3BTolleson%2C+W+H%3BWamer%2C+W+G%3BHoward%2C+P+C&rft.aulast=Fu&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=C21&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=165&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Environmental+Science+and+Health%2C+Part+C%3A+Environmental+Carcinogenesis+and+Ecotoxicology+Reviews&rft.issn=10590501&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FGNC-120026235 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Phototoxicity; Carcinogenicity; Vitamin A; Reviews DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/GNC-120026235 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane exhibits estrogenic activity in mice via ER alpha AN - 18896760; 5771860 AB - Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) is a low molecular weight cyclic silicone used in the synthesis of larger silicone polymers and in the formulation of a variety of personal care products. The effects of oral D4 exposure in mice on serum estradiol levels, uterine wet weight, and uterine peroxidase activity were investigated. Additionally, in vitro estrogen receptor binding activity was evaluated. Serum estradiol levels decreased in a dose-dependent manner after exposure to 100 mg/kg to 1000 mg/kg D4. Studies with adrenalectomized animals demonstrated that the decreased serum estradiol levels were not due to elevated serum corticosterone levels. Uterine wet weights in ovariectomized mice were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner by exposure to 250-1000 mg of D4/kg, but not by exposure to other silicone compounds tested (hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, decamethyltetrasiloxane, and octaphenylcyclotetrasiloxane). Uterine peroxidase activity, a marker for estrogenic activity, was also significantly increased in D4-exposed mice, but not in mice exposed to the other siloxanes. Pretreating mice with the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 completely blocked the D4-induced increase in uterine weight, and ovariectomized estrogen receptor- alpha knockout mice showed no increases in uterine weights when orally exposed to D4 or estradiol. In an in vitro estrogen receptor binding assay, D4 showed significant competition with super(3)H-estradiol for binding to estrogen receptor- alpha , but not estrogen receptor- beta . The data presented here indicate that D4 has weak estrogenic activity, and that these effects are mediated through estrogen receptor- alpha . JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology AU - He, B AU - Rhodes-Brower, S AU - Miller, M R AU - Munson, A E AU - Germolec AU - Walker, V R AU - Korach, K S AU - Meade, B J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Office of the Director, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, bhm8@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/11/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Nov 01 SP - 254 EP - 261 PB - Elsevier Inc. VL - 192 IS - 3 SN - 0041-008X, 0041-008X KW - mice KW - octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24140:Cosmetics, toiletries & household products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18896760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane+exhibits+estrogenic+activity+in+mice+via+ER+alpha&rft.au=He%2C+B%3BRhodes-Brower%2C+S%3BMiller%2C+M+R%3BMunson%2C+A+E%3BGermolec%3BWalker%2C+V+R%3BKorach%2C+K+S%3BMeade%2C+B+J&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=192&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+and+Applied+Pharmacology&rft.issn=0041008X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0041-008X%2803%2900282-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00282-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Secretion of the orgC Gene Product by Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium AN - 18884780; 5741006 AB - HilA activates the transcription of genes on Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1), which encodes a type III secretion system (TTSS). Previous studies showed that transposon insertions in orgC, a gene located on SPI1, increase hilA expression. We characterize the orgC gene product and show that it is secreted via the SPI1 TTSS. We propose a model whereby OrgC functions as a secreted repressor of the SPI1 virulence genes. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Day, J B AU - Lee, CA AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, HFS-300, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, james.day@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 SP - 6680 EP - 6685 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 71 IS - 11 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - HilA protein KW - OrgC protein KW - orgC gene KW - secretion system (Type II) KW - secretion system type II KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18884780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Secretion+of+the+orgC+Gene+Product+by+Salmonella+enterica+Serovar+Typhimurium&rft.au=Day%2C+J+B%3BLee%2C+CA&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=6680&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.71.11.6680-6685.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.11.6680-6685.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Food Safety, Quality, and Other Consumer Statements on Labels of Processed, Packaged Foods AN - 18024654; 5980451 AB - The mission of the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) of the Food and Drug Administration focuses on promoting and protecting the public's health by ensuring that the nation's food supply is safe, wholesome, sanitary, and honestly labeled. CFSAN monitors the food industry's response to food labeling regulations through the Food Label and Package Survey (FLAPS). FLAPS data characterize the presence of food safety and other information for the consumer. The labels of close to one-third of the food products sold in the United States include statements about refrigeration, but the words "to maintain safety" are not present, even though FDA guidance indicates the importance of including them. Consumers are concerned that labels contain information to alert allergic individuals to the presence of food allergens, but very few food labels voluntarily bear such information. Regulations do not require food manufacturers to provide information on bioengineered ingredients, and very few manufacturers voluntarily do so. Pasteurization is used to kill pathogens that could cause illness or death, and regulations require a warning statement on the label of juice products that have not been pasteurized or otherwise processed to prevent, reduce or eliminate pathogenic microorganisms. Over half of juices have a statement that they are pasteurized. Few foods contain information to cook foods thoroughly or to use a thermometer. The food label can be used as an educational tool and will be one of the primary vehicles to provide critical information to the consumer. JF - Food Protection Trends AU - Brandt, M B AU - Spease, C J AU - June, G AU - Brown, A-M AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA Y1 - 2003/11// PY - 2003 DA - Nov 2003 VL - 23 IS - 11 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Federal regulations KW - Food KW - Pathogens KW - Pasteurization KW - USA KW - Sanitation KW - Quality control KW - Allergens KW - FDA KW - Biotechnology KW - Packaging KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18024654?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Protection+Trends&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Food+Safety%2C+Quality%2C+and+Other+Consumer+Statements+on+Labels+of+Processed%2C+Packaged+Foods&rft.au=Brandt%2C+M+B%3BSpease%2C+C+J%3BJune%2C+G%3BBrown%2C+A-M&rft.aulast=Brandt&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-11-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Protection+Trends&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Biotechnology; Allergens; Pathogens; Pasteurization; Food; Quality control; Packaging; Sanitation; Federal regulations; FDA ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Urinary Benzo[a]pyrene and Its Metabolites as Molecular Biomarkers of Asphalt Fume Exposure Characterized by Microflow LC Coupled to Hybrid Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry AN - 17851888; 6129547 AB - As a step to study the health effects of asphalt fume exposure, an analytical method was developed to characterize benzo[a]pyrene and its hydroxy metabolites in the urine of asphalt fume-exposed rats. This method is based on microflow liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to hybrid quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOFMS). Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the experiment, with 8 as controls and 16 exposed to asphalt fumes in a whole-body inhalation chamber for 10 days (4 h/day). Generated at 150 degree C, the asphalt fume concentration in the animal exposure chamber ranged 76-117 mg/m super(3). In the urine of the asphalt fume-exposed rats, benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol( plus or minus ), and benzo [a]pyrene-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetrol( plus or minus ) were identified, and their concentrations were determined at 2.19 plus or minus 0.49, 16.17 plus or minus 0.3, 6.28 plus or minus 0.36, and 29.35 plus or minus 0.26 ng/100 mL, respectively. The metabolite concentrations from the controlled group, however, were either under the detection limits or at a relatively very low level (0.19 plus or minus 0.41 ng/100 mL for benzo[a]pyrene-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetrol metabolite). The results clearly indicate that the benzo[a]pyrene and its hydroxy metabolites were significantly elevated (p < 0.001) in the urine of asphalt fume-exposed rats relative to controls. The study also demonstrated that the combination of microflow LC separation and collision-induced dissociation leading to a characteristic fragmentation pattern by hybrid Q-TOFMS offers a distinct advantage for the identifications and characterizations of the benzo[a]pyrene metabolites. JF - Analytical Chemistry (Washington) AU - Wang, J J AU - Frazer, D G AU - Stone, S AU - Goldsmith, T AU - Law, B AU - Moseley, A AU - Simpson, J AU - Afshari, A AU - Lewis, D M AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA Y1 - 2003/10/31/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 31 SP - 5953 EP - 5960 VL - 75 IS - 21 SN - 0003-2700, 0003-2700 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - Inhalation KW - Fumes KW - Asphalt KW - Urine KW - Liquid chromatography KW - Hybrids KW - Metabolites KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - biomarkers KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17851888?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.atitle=Urinary+Benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+and+Its+Metabolites+as+Molecular+Biomarkers+of+Asphalt+Fume+Exposure+Characterized+by+Microflow+LC+Coupled+to+Hybrid+Quadrupole+Time-of-Flight+Mass+Spectrometry&rft.au=Wang%2C+J+J%3BFrazer%2C+D+G%3BStone%2C+S%3BGoldsmith%2C+T%3BLaw%2C+B%3BMoseley%2C+A%3BSimpson%2C+J%3BAfshari%2C+A%3BLewis%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-10-31&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=21&rft.spage=5953&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Analytical+Chemistry+%28Washington%29&rft.issn=00032700&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fac030017a LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Inhalation; Fumes; Liquid chromatography; Urine; Asphalt; Hybrids; Benzo(a)pyrene; Metabolites; biomarkers; Mass spectroscopy DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac030017a ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Comparison of newborn stylized and tomographic models for dose assessment in pediatric radiology AN - 39714869; 3794591 AU - Staton, R J AU - Pazik, F D AU - Nipper, J C AU - Williams, J L AU - Bolch, W E Y1 - 2003/10/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39714869?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+newborn+stylized+and+tomographic+models+for+dose+assessment+in+pediatric+radiology&rft.au=Staton%2C+R+J%3BPazik%2C+F+D%3BNipper%2C+J+C%3BWilliams%2C+J+L%3BBolch%2C+W+E&rft.aulast=Staton&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-10-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Health Physics Society, Executive Secretary, 1313 Dolley Madison Blvd, Suite 402 194, McLean, VA 22101, USA; phone: 703-790-1745; fax: 703-790-2672; email: hps@burkinc.com. Paper No. THAM-A.5 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Impact of FDA's laser notice 50 on laser safety programs AN - 39711226; 3794507 AU - Kent, SLB AU - Dennis, JE AU - Zaharek, G L AU - Eng, F J Y1 - 2003/10/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39711226?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Impact+of+FDA%27s+laser+notice+50+on+laser+safety+programs&rft.au=Kent%2C+SLB%3BDennis%2C+JE%3BZaharek%2C+G+L%3BEng%2C+F+J&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=SLB&rft.date=2003-10-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Health Physics Society, Executive Secretary, 1313 Dolley Madison Blvd, Suite 402 194, McLean, VA 22101, USA; phone: 703-790-1745; fax: 703-790-2672; email: hps@burkinc.com. Paper No. TPM-E.2 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Detection of counterfeit product labels using low vacuum scanning electron microscopy AN - 39705767; 3787097 AU - Ranieri, N AU - Platek, S F Y1 - 2003/10/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39705767?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=FDA%27s+mission+in+response+to+a+food+safety+threat&rft.au=Levitt%2C+J&rft.aulast=Levitt&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: Fdn. f. Advances in Medicine & Science, P.O. Box 485, Mahwah, NJ 07430-0485, USA; phone: 201-818-1010; fax: 201-818-0086; email: ppivnick@fams.org; URL: www.scanning.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Iron-containing supplements and drugs; label warning statements and unit-dose packaging requirements; removal of regulations for unit-dose packaging requirements for dietary supplements and drugs. Final rule; removal of regulatory provisions in response to court order. AN - 71286286; 14567392 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is removing, in part, a final rule that required unit-dose packaging for iron-containing dietary supplement and drug products that contain 30 milligrams (mg) or more of iron per dosage unit. FDA is taking this action in response to the Court's ruling in Nutritional Health Alliance v. FDA, in which the Court concluded that the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) does not provide FDA with authority to require manufacturers of iron-containing dietary supplement and drug products to use unit-dose packaging for poison prevention purposes. Today's action takes the ministerial step of removing the unit-dose packaging provisions from title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2003/10/17/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 17 SP - 59714 EP - 59715 VL - 68 IS - 201 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Iron, Dietary KW - 0 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Dietary Supplements -- poisoning KW - Iron, Dietary -- poisoning KW - Drug Packaging -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71286286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Iron-containing+supplements+and+drugs%3B+label+warning+statements+and+unit-dose+packaging+requirements%3B+removal+of+regulations+for+unit-dose+packaging+requirements+for+dietary+supplements+and+drugs.+Final+rule%3B+removal+of+regulatory+provisions+in+response+to+court+order.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2003-10-17&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=201&rft.spage=59714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-31 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Simple and rapid methods for detecting Salmonella enteritidis in raw eggs. AN - 73576642; 12927716 AB - The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates there were 300,000 cases of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in 1997. Egg products were associated with many of the cases. To address this problem, many producers implemented flock surveillance of the SE situation at their facilities. A rapid and simple method for detecting SE from poultry samples is critical for the effective implementation of such testing strategies. A lateral flow device for the detection of SE utilized in this study was manufactured by Neogen, Lansing, MI. The test panel is a presumptive qualitative test system that detects only members of Group D1 Salmonella species. A series of studies were conducted to optimize the test procedure for raw eggs with different sample preparations. A novel antigen extraction method was developed for use with the test panel kit. The detection limit of the test panel kit was increased approximately tenfold when the extraction method was used. Detection of SE was 100% in raw egg pools inoculated with 10 SE cells per ml of egg and incubated at a 1:10 ratio in buffered peptone water (BPW) or tetrathionate brilliant green broth (TBG) for 24 h at 37 degrees C. The developed lateral flow test kit could provide a simple, rapid, and inexpensive method for egg producers and processors to test specifically for Salmonella group D1 serovars, such as SE, in egg samples. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Seo, Kun-Ho AU - Holt, Peter S AU - Stone, Henry D AU - Gast, Richard K AD - FDA/CFSAN, S100 Paint Branch Parkway College Park, MD 20740, USA. Y1 - 2003/10/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 15 SP - 139 EP - 144 VL - 87 IS - 1-2 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Colony Count, Microbial -- methods KW - Food Microbiology KW - Time Factors KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73576642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Simple+and+rapid+methods+for+detecting+Salmonella+enteritidis+in+raw+eggs.&rft.au=Seo%2C+Kun-Ho%3BHolt%2C+Peter+S%3BStone%2C+Henry+D%3BGast%2C+Richard+K&rft.aulast=Seo&rft.aufirst=Kun-Ho&rft.date=2003-10-15&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=139&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Involvement of the olfactory tubercle in cocaine reward: intracranial self-administration studies. AN - 71286904; 14561857 AB - Cocaine has multiple actions and multiple sites of action in the brain. Evidence from pharmacological studies indicates that it is the ability of cocaine to block dopamine uptake and elevate extracellular dopamine concentrations, and thus increase dopaminergic receptor activation, that makes cocaine rewarding. Lesion studies have implicated the nucleus accumbens (the dorsal portion of the "ventral striatum") as the probable site of the rewarding action of the drug. However, the drug is only marginally self-administered into this site. We now report that cocaine (60 or 200 mm in 75 nl/infusion) is readily self-administered into the olfactory tubercle, the most ventral portion of the ventral striatum. Cocaine (200 mm) was self-administered marginally into the accumbens shell but not into the core, dorsal striatum, or ventral pallidum. In addition, cocaine injections (200 mm in 300 nl) into the tubercle but not the shell or ventral pallidum induced conditioned place preference. Rewarding effects of cocaine in the tubercle were blocked by coadministration of dopamine D1 or D2 antagonists (1 mm SCH 23390 or 3 mm raclopride) and were not mimicked by injections of the local anesthetic procaine (800 mm). In conclusion, the tubercle plays a critical role in mediating rewarding action of cocaine. JF - The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience AU - Ikemoto, Satoshi AD - Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. sikemoto@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/10/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 15 SP - 9305 EP - 9311 VL - 23 IS - 28 KW - Anesthetics, Local KW - 0 KW - Dopamine Antagonists KW - Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists KW - Receptors, Dopamine D1 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Behavior, Animal -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Discrimination (Psychology) -- drug effects KW - Self Administration KW - Anesthetics, Local -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Dopamine D1 -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Dopamine Antagonists -- pharmacology KW - Choice Behavior -- drug effects KW - Reinforcement (Psychology) KW - Rats, Wistar KW - Male KW - Drug Administration Routes KW - Reward KW - Olfactory Pathways -- physiology KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- physiopathology KW - Cocaine -- pharmacology KW - Olfactory Pathways -- drug effects KW - Cocaine -- antagonists & inhibitors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71286904?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Involvement+of+the+olfactory+tubercle+in+cocaine+reward%3A+intracranial+self-administration+studies.&rft.au=Ikemoto%2C+Satoshi&rft.aulast=Ikemoto&rft.aufirst=Satoshi&rft.date=2003-10-15&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=28&rft.spage=9305&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Neuroscience&rft.issn=1529-2401&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sizing and fit of fall-protection harnesses AN - 18041121; 6000670 AB - Full-body fall-protection harnesses have been a critical work-practice control technology for reducing the number of fall-related injuries and fatalities among construction workers; yet, very little is known about the fit of these harnesses to the population that wears them. This study evaluated the fit and sizing efficacy of a harness system. Seventy-two male and 26 female construction workers participated in the study. Their body size-and-shape information was measured while they were suspended (with a harness) and standing (with and without a harness), using a 3-D full-body laser scanner and traditional anthropometric calipers. Fisher's discriminant analysis results did not point to the need for a change in the current sizing selection scheme by body height and weight for end users. However, an integrated redesign of harness components is needed because 40% of subjects did not pass fit-performance criteria in either the standing or suspended condition. A multivariate accommodation analysis has identified 15 representative body models for the 'standard-size' harness design. These models can serve as a useful population to test harness design until a larger survey of the nation's construction workers can be done. Finally, further developments in 3-D shape quantification methods are recommended to improve the harness design process; the point-to-point anthropometric information currently used seems to be insufficient for harness design. JF - Ergonomics AU - Hsiao, H AU - Bradtmiller, B AU - Whitestone, J AD - Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA Y1 - 2003/10/10/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 10 SP - 1233 EP - 1258 VL - 46 IS - 12 SN - 0014-0139, 0014-0139 KW - fall-protection harnesses KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injuries KW - Occupational safety KW - Protective equipment KW - Accidents KW - falls KW - Ergonomics KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18041121?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ergonomics&rft.atitle=Sizing+and+fit+of+fall-protection+harnesses&rft.au=Hsiao%2C+H%3BBradtmiller%2C+B%3BWhitestone%2C+J&rft.aulast=Hsiao&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-10-10&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=1233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ergonomics&rft.issn=00140139&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Accidents; Injuries; Protective equipment; falls; Ergonomics; Occupational safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mouse Lymphoma Thymidine Kinase Gene Mutation Assay: International Workshop on Genotoxicity Tests Workgroup Report-Plymouth, UK 2002 AN - 18897760; 5771114 AB - The Mouse Lymphoma Assay (MLA) Workgroup of the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Tests (IWGT) met on June 28th and 29th, 2002, in Plymouth, England. This meeting of the MLA group was devoted to discussing the criteria for assay acceptance and appropriate approaches to data evaluation. Prior to the meeting, the group conducted an extensive analysis of data from both the microwell and soft agar versions of the assay. For the establishment of criteria for assay acceptance, 10 laboratories (6 using the microwell method and 4 using soft agar) provided data on their background mutant frequencies, plating efficiencies of the negative/vehicle control, cell suspension growth, and positive control mutant frequencies. Using the distribution curves generated from this data, the Workgroup reached consensus on the range of values that should be used to determine whether an individual experiment is acceptable. In order to establish appropriate approaches for data evaluation, the group used a number of statistical methods to evaluate approximately 400 experimental data sets from 10 laboratories entered into a database created for the earlier MLA Workshop held in New Orleans [Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 40 (2002) 292]. While the Workgroup could not, during this meeting, make a final recommendation for the evaluation of data, a general strategy was developed and the Workgroup members agreed to evaluate this new proposed approach using their own laboratory data. This evaluation should lead to a consensus global approach for data evaluation in the near future. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Moore, M M AU - Honma, M AU - Clements, J AU - Bolcsfoldi, G AU - Cifone, M AU - Delongchamp, R AU - Fellows, M AU - Gollapudi, B AU - Jenkinson, P AU - Kirby, P AU - Kirchner, S AU - Muster, W AU - Myhr, B AU - O'Donovan, M AU - Oliver, J AU - Omori, T AU - Ouldelhkim, M AU - Pant, K AU - Preston, R AU - Riach, C AU - San, R AU - Stankowski, LF Jr AU - Thakur, A AU - Wakuri, S AU - Yoshimura, I AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, HFT-120, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, USA, mmmoore@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/10/07/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 07 SP - 127 EP - 140 PB - Elsevier B.V. VL - 540 IS - 2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - validation KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18897760?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Mouse+Lymphoma+Thymidine+Kinase+Gene+Mutation+Assay%3A+International+Workshop+on+Genotoxicity+Tests+Workgroup+Report-Plymouth%2C+UK+2002&rft.au=Moore%2C+M+M%3BHonma%2C+M%3BClements%2C+J%3BBolcsfoldi%2C+G%3BCifone%2C+M%3BDelongchamp%2C+R%3BFellows%2C+M%3BGollapudi%2C+B%3BJenkinson%2C+P%3BKirby%2C+P%3BKirchner%2C+S%3BMuster%2C+W%3BMyhr%2C+B%3BO%27Donovan%2C+M%3BOliver%2C+J%3BOmori%2C+T%3BOuldelhkim%2C+M%3BPant%2C+K%3BPreston%2C+R%3BRiach%2C+C%3BSan%2C+R%3BStankowski%2C+LF+Jr%3BThakur%2C+A%3BWakuri%2C+S%3BYoshimura%2C+I&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-10-07&rft.volume=540&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.mrgentox.2003.07.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2003.07.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Uncoupling cell shrinkage from apoptosis reveals that Na+ influx is required for volume loss during programmed cell death. AN - 75719584; 12821680 AB - Cell shrinkage, or the loss of cell volume, is a ubiquitous characteristic of programmed cell death that is observed in all examples of apoptosis, independent of the death stimulus. This decrease in cell volume occurs in synchrony with other classical features of apoptosis. The molecular basis for cell shrinkage during apoptosis involves fluxes of intracellular ions including K+, Na+, and Cl-. Here we show for the first time that these ion fluxes, but not cell shrinkage, are necessary for apoptosis. Using sodium-substituted medium during anti-Fas treatment of Jurkat cells, we observed cellular swelling, a property normally associated with necrosis, in contrast to the typical cell shrinkage. Surprisingly, these swollen cells displayed all of the other classical features of apoptosis, including chromatin condensation, externalization of phosphatidylserine, caspase activity, poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase cleavage, and internucleosomal DNA degradation. These swollen cells had a marked decrease in intracellular potassium, and subsequent inhibition of this potassium loss completely blocked apoptosis. Reintroduction of sodium ions in cell cultures reversed this cellular swelling, resulting in a dramatic loss of cell volume and the characteristic apoptotic morphology. Additionally, inhibition of sodium influx using a sodium channel blocker saxitoxin completely prevented the onset of anti-Fas-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. These findings suggest that sodium influx can control not only changes in cell size but also the activation of apoptosis, whereas potassium ion loss controls the progression of the cell death process. Therefore cell shrinkage can be separated from other features of apoptosis. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Bortner, Carl D AU - Cidlowski, John A AD - Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIEHS, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. Y1 - 2003/10/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 03 SP - 39176 EP - 39184 VL - 278 IS - 40 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Chromatin KW - 0 KW - Ions KW - Nucleosomes KW - Phosphatidylserines KW - Chlorine KW - 4R7X1O2820 KW - Adenosine Triphosphate KW - 8L70Q75FXE KW - DNA KW - 9007-49-2 KW - Sodium KW - 9NEZ333N27 KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases KW - EC 2.4.2.30 KW - Caspases KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Index Medicus KW - Microscopy, Confocal KW - Potassium -- chemistry KW - Caspases -- chemistry KW - Chromatin -- metabolism KW - Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases -- chemistry KW - DNA -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Nucleosomes -- metabolism KW - Jurkat Cells KW - Microscopy, Fluorescence KW - Phosphatidylserines -- chemistry KW - Necrosis KW - Adenosine Triphosphate -- metabolism KW - Electrophoresis, Agar Gel KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Chlorine -- chemistry KW - Lipid Metabolism KW - Apoptosis KW - Sodium -- chemistry KW - Sodium -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75719584?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment%3A+Emerging+infectious+agents+and+biologics&rft.au=Anderson%2C+S&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pneumoconiosis, coalmine dust and the PFR. AN - 75752839; 14530177 JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - Attfield, M D AU - Kuempel, E D AD - Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 525 EP - 529 VL - 47 IS - 7 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Index Medicus KW - United Kingdom -- epidemiology KW - Biomedical Research -- methods KW - Humans KW - Occupational Medicine -- methods KW - Pneumoconiosis -- etiology KW - Pneumoconiosis -- epidemiology KW - Coal Mining UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75752839?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=Pneumoconiosis%2C+coalmine+dust+and+the+PFR.&rft.au=Attfield%2C+M+D%3BKuempel%2C+E+D&rft.aulast=Attfield&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=525&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An approach to assessment of endocrine disruption in the National Children's Study. AN - 75748428; 14527852 AB - In this article we consider the importance of assessing endocrine disruption in a large new cohort that has been proposed, the National Children's Study (NCS). We briefly review evidence that endocrine disruption is a potentially important hypothesis for human studies and weigh the need to assess endocrine disruption in the NCS. We note the salient features of earlier, similar cohort studies that serve as reference points for the design of the NCS. Finally, we discuss features of the NCS that would allow or enhance assessment of endocrine disruption, even if endocrine disruption were not a primary hypothesis motivating the study. At this time, the evidence supporting endocrine disruption in humans with background-level exposures is not strong. Thus, a compelling rationale for the NCS will probably need to be based on core hypotheses that focus on other issues. Nonetheless, if properly designed, the NCS could serve as an excellent resource for investigating future hypotheses regarding endocrine disruption. JF - Environmental health perspectives AU - Longnecker, Matthew P AU - Bellinger, David C AU - Crews, David AU - Eskenazi, Brenda AU - Silbergeld, Ellen K AU - Woodruff, Tracey J AU - Susser, Ezra S AD - Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. longnecker@niehs.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 1691 EP - 1697 VL - 111 IS - 13 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Infant KW - Epidemiologic Studies KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Research Design KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Child, Preschool KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Cohort Studies KW - Endocrine System -- drug effects KW - Child Welfare KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75748428?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Effects+of+exposure+to+estrogens+at+various+life+stages+on+reproductive+endpoints+and+cancer&rft.au=Delclos%2C+K+B&rft.aulast=Delclos&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Jul;110(7):629-34 [12117638] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Sep;110(9):853-8 [12204817] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Oct;110(10):1047-50 [12361931] Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Oct;110(10):A593-8 [12361940] 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Pediatrics. 1997 Nov;100(5):802-9 [9346979] JAMA. 1998 Apr 1;279(13):1018-23 [9533502] Pediatr Res. 1998 Oct;44(4):538-45 [9773843] J Pediatr. 1999 Jan;134(1):33-41 [9880446] Lancet. 1999 Jan 16;353(9148):206 [9923879] Environ Health Perspect. 1999 Apr;107(4):297-302 [10090709] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Speed kills: cellular and molecular bases of methamphetamine-induced nerve terminal degeneration and neuronal apoptosis. AN - 75723526; 14519657 AB - Methamphetamine (METH) is a drug of abuse that has long been known to damage monoaminergic systems in the mammalian brain. Recent reports have provided conclusive evidence that METH can cause neuropathological changes in the rodent brain via apoptotic mechanisms akin to those reported in various models of neuronal death. The purpose of this review is to provide an interim account for a role of oxygen-based radicals and the participation of transcription factors and the involvement of cell death genes in METH-induced neurodegeneration. We discuss data suggesting the participation of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria-mediated activation of caspase-dependent and -independent cascades in the manifestation of METH-induced apoptosis. Studies that use more comprehensive approaches to gene expression profiling should allow us to draw more instructive molecular portraits of the complex plastic and degenerative effects of this drug. JF - FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology AU - Cadet, Jean Lud AU - Jayanthi, Subramaniam AU - Deng, Xiaolin AD - Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, NIH, NIDA, Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, 5500 Nathan Shock Dr., Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. jcadet@intra.nida.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 1775 EP - 1788 VL - 17 IS - 13 KW - Methamphetamine KW - 44RAL3456C KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Presynaptic Terminals -- drug effects KW - Humans KW - Cytoprotection KW - Mice KW - Models, Biological KW - Signal Transduction KW - Neurons -- pathology KW - Apoptosis KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- etiology KW - Methamphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Nerve Degeneration -- chemically induced KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- metabolism KW - Neurotoxicity Syndromes -- pathology KW - Methamphetamine -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75723526?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FASEB+journal+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Federation+of+American+Societies+for+Experimental+Biology&rft.atitle=Speed+kills%3A+cellular+and+molecular+bases+of+methamphetamine-induced+nerve+terminal+degeneration+and+neuronal+apoptosis.&rft.au=Cadet%2C+Jean+Lud%3BJayanthi%2C+Subramaniam%3BDeng%2C+Xiaolin&rft.aulast=Cadet&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1775&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FASEB+journal+%3A+official+publication+of+the+Federation+of+American+Societies+for+Experimental+Biology&rft.issn=1530-6860&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Non-thermal exposure to radiofrequency energy from digital wireless phones does not affect ornithine decarboxylase activity in L929 cells. AN - 73656808; 12968926 AB - L929 murine fibroblast cells were exposed to radiofrequency (RF) radiation from a time division multiple access wireless phone operating at 835 MHz frequency to determine the effect of RF-radiation energy emitted by wireless phones on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in cultured cells. Exposure was for 8 h to an average specific absorption rate (SAR) from <1 W/kg up to 15 W/kg. After exposure, cells were harvested and ODC activity was measured. No statistically significant difference in ODC activity was found between RF-radiation-exposed and sham-exposed cells at non-thermal specific absorption rates. At SARs which resulted in measurable heating of the medium, a dose-dependent decrease in enzymatic activity was observed and was shown to be consistent with a comparable decrease caused by non-RF-radiation heating. Thus we observed only the well-known enzyme inhibition due to heating, rather than the previously reported enhancement attributed to RF-radiation exposure. JF - Radiation research AU - Desta, Abiy B AU - Owen, Russell D AU - Cress, Larry W AD - US Food and Drug Administration, 9200 Corporate Blvd, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA. Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 488 EP - 491 VL - 160 IS - 4 SN - 0033-7587, 0033-7587 KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase KW - EC 4.1.1.17 KW - Index Medicus KW - Space life sciences KW - Animals KW - Reference Values KW - Cell Count KW - Mice KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation KW - Cell Line KW - Radio Waves KW - Hot Temperature KW - Fibroblasts -- enzymology KW - Enzyme Activation -- radiation effects KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase -- radiation effects KW - Fibroblasts -- radiation effects KW - Ornithine Decarboxylase -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73656808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiation+research&rft.atitle=Non-thermal+exposure+to+radiofrequency+energy+from+digital+wireless+phones+does+not+affect+ornithine+decarboxylase+activity+in+L929+cells.&rft.au=Desta%2C+Abiy+B%3BOwen%2C+Russell+D%3BCress%2C+Larry+W&rft.aulast=Desta&rft.aufirst=Abiy&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The future of regulatory toxicology: impact of the biotechnology revolution. AN - 73651515; 12883082 AB - The molecular biology revolution and the advent of genomic and proteomic technologies are facilitating rapid advances in our understanding of the molecular details of cell and tissue function. These advances have the potential to transform toxicological and clinical practice, and are likely to lead to the supplementation or replacement of traditional biomarkers of cellular integrity, cell and tissue homeostasis, and morphological alterations that result from cell damage or death. New technologies that permit simultaneous monitoring of many hundreds, or thousands, of macro- and small molecules ("-omics" technologies) promise to allow functional monitoring of multiple (or perhaps all) key cellular pathways simultaneously. Elucidation of cellular responses to molecular damage, including evolutionarily conserved inducible molecular defense systems, suggests the possibility of new biomarkers based on molecular responses to functional perturbations and cellular damage. Our improved understanding of the molecular basis of various pathologies suggests that monitoring specific molecular responses may provide improved prediction of human outcomes. Responses that can be monitored directly in the human should provide "bridging biomarkers" that may eliminate much of the current uncertainty in extrapolating from laboratory models to human outcome. Another aspect of genomics is our enhanced ability to associate DNA sequence variations with biological outcomes and individual sensitivity. The human genome sequence has revealed that sequence variations are very common, and may be an important determinant of variation in biological outcomes. The impending availability of a complete human haplotype map linked to standard genetic markers greatly facilitates identification of genetic variations that convey sensitivity or resistance to chemical exposures. Genetic approaches have already linked a large number of genetic variants (polymorphisms) with human diseases and adverse reactions from exposure to drugs or toxicants, suggesting an important role in sensitivity to drugs and environmental agents, disease susceptibilities, and therapeutic responses. As these opportunities are transformed into reality, regulatory toxicological practice is likely to be shaped in the future by the combination of conventional pathology, toxicology, molecular genetics, biochemistry, cell biology, and computational bio-informatics-resulting in the broad application of molecular approaches to monitoring functional disturbances. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - MacGregor, James T AD - United States Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. jmacgregor@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 236 EP - 248 VL - 75 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Government Regulation KW - Drug and Narcotic Control -- trends KW - Toxicology -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Toxicology -- trends KW - Molecular Biology -- methods KW - Toxicology -- methods KW - Biotechnology -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73651515?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+future+of+regulatory+toxicology%3A+impact+of+the+biotechnology+revolution.&rft.au=MacGregor%2C+James+T&rft.aulast=MacGregor&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=236&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stilbenes from the roots of Pleuropterus ciliinervis and their antioxidant activities. AN - 73651315; 13679099 AB - Two stilbene glycosides, pieceid-2"-O-gallate and pieceid-2"-O-coumarate, were isolated from the MeOH extract of the roots of Pleuropterus ciliinervis Nakai (Polygonaceae), together with two known compounds, resveratrol and pieceid. Their structures were determined spectroscopically, particularly by 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. The antioxidant activities of stilbenes isolated were determined in vitro against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, superoxide radicals and by determining their lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities. Among the compounds isolated, pieceid-2"-O-gallate had the most potent inhibitory scavenging effect on DPPH, superoxide radicals and upon lipid peroxidation inhibition with IC50 values of 16.5, 23.9 and 5.1 microM, respectively. JF - Phytochemistry AU - Lee, Jong Pill AU - Min, Byung Sun AU - An, Ren Bo AU - Na, Min Kyun AU - Lee, Sang Myung AU - Lee, Hyeong Kyu AU - Kim, Jae Gil AU - Bae, Ki Hwan AU - Kang, Sam Sik AD - Korea Food and Drug Administration, 122-704, Seoul, South Korea. Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 759 EP - 763 VL - 64 IS - 3 SN - 0031-9422, 0031-9422 KW - Antioxidants KW - 0 KW - Biphenyl Compounds KW - Free Radical Scavengers KW - Free Radicals KW - Picrates KW - Stilbenes KW - Superoxides KW - 11062-77-4 KW - 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl KW - DFD3H4VGDH KW - Index Medicus KW - Picrates -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- isolation & purification KW - Lipid Peroxidation -- drug effects KW - Inhibitory Concentration 50 KW - Plant Roots -- chemistry KW - Free Radicals -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- chemistry KW - Superoxides -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Free Radical Scavengers -- pharmacology KW - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy KW - Antioxidants -- pharmacology KW - Stilbenes -- pharmacology KW - Antioxidants -- isolation & purification KW - Stilbenes -- chemistry KW - Stilbenes -- isolation & purification KW - Polygonaceae -- chemistry KW - Antioxidants -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73651315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemistry&rft.atitle=Stilbenes+from+the+roots+of+Pleuropterus+ciliinervis+and+their+antioxidant+activities.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Jong+Pill%3BMin%2C+Byung+Sun%3BAn%2C+Ren+Bo%3BNa%2C+Min+Kyun%3BLee%2C+Sang+Myung%3BLee%2C+Hyeong+Kyu%3BKim%2C+Jae+Gil%3BBae%2C+Ki+Hwan%3BKang%2C+Sam+Sik&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Jong&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=759&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Phytochemistry&rft.issn=00319422&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin-4-Pseudomonas exotoxin chimeric fusion protein for malignant glioma therapy. AN - 71416459; 14649882 AB - Human malignant glioma cell lines, primary cell cultures, and tumor specimens derived from surgical samples have been shown to overexpress high-affinity receptors (R) for interleukin-4 (IL-4) in vitro and in situ. The significance of IL-4R expression on malignant glioma cells is still unclear. However, IL-4 has been reported to mediate functional effects in several solid tumor cell lines. These activities include inhibition of cell proliferation, regulation of adhesion molecules, and induction of signal transduction through the JAK/STAT pathway. To target IL-4Rs on tumor cells, we have produced a chimeric recombinant fusion protein consisting of a binding ligand, circularly permuted IL-4 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin. This molecule is termed IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL, cpIL4-PE, or IL-4 cytotoxin. Recombinant cpIL4-PE is highly and specifically cytotoxic to glioma cell lines in vitro, while it is not cytotoxic or less cytotoxic to hematopoietic and normal brain cells. In a nude mouse model, cpIL4-PE showed significant antitumor activity and partial or complete regression of small or large established human glioblastoma tumors. Encouraging preclinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability studies lead to testing of this agent in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Based on these pilot studies, an extended Phase I/II clinical trial is currently ongoing to determine safety, tolerability, and efficacy of cpIL4-PE when injected stereotactically directly into the recurrent glioma by convection enhanced delivery. Preliminary clinical results suggest that cpIL4-PE can cause pronounced necrosis of recurrent glioma tumors without systemic toxicity. The central nervous system toxicities observed were attributed to the volume of infusion and/or nonspecific toxicity. Ongoing clinical trials will reveal antitumor activities of IL-4 cytotoxin in recurrent malignant glioma. JF - Journal of neuro-oncology AU - Kawakami, Mariko AU - Kawakami, Koji AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 15 EP - 25 VL - 65 IS - 1 SN - 0167-594X, 0167-594X KW - Immunotoxins KW - 0 KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - interleukin 4 (38-37)-PE38KDEL KW - Interleukin-4 KW - 207137-56-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Receptors, Interleukin-4 -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- therapeutic use KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Brain Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Glioma -- pathology KW - Glioma -- drug therapy KW - Brain Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Brain Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Immunotoxins -- therapeutic use KW - Glioma -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71416459?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neuro-oncology&rft.atitle=Interleukin-4-Pseudomonas+exotoxin+chimeric+fusion+protein+for+malignant+glioma+therapy.&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+Mariko%3BKawakami%2C+Koji%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=Mariko&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neuro-oncology&rft.issn=0167594X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Interleukin-13 receptor-directed cytotoxin for malignant glioma therapy: from bench to bedside. AN - 71413026; 14649884 AB - Central nervous system malignant neoplasias, in particular, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have defied all current therapeutic modalities. New therapies involving tumor targeting approach are being explored. This approach relies on the identification of unique or over-expressed cell surface receptors or antigens on tumor cells. In that regard, we have identified receptor for an immune regulatory cytokine, interleukin-13 (IL-13), which is over-expressed on human malignant glioma cell lines and primary tumor cell cultures. To target IL-13 receptors (IL-13R) for cancer therapy, we have developed a recombinant fusion protein composed of IL-13 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL13-PE38QQR or IL-13 cytotoxin). The IL-13 cytotoxin was found to be highly selective and potent in killing human GBM cells in vitro while normal cells including immune cells, endothelial cells and normal brain cells were generally spared the cytotoxic effect of IL-13 cytotoxin. This is because these cells either expressed none or expressed low levels of IL-13R. Consistent with in vitro cytotoxic activity, IL-13 cytotoxin mediated remarkable anti-tumor activity to human glioma in animal xenograft models. The direct injection of IL-13 cytotoxin into subcutaneous human GBM tumors grown in nude mice produced complete and durable regression of established tumors. Intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of IL-13 cytotoxin also reduced tumor burden significantly with fewer complete responders. All animals tolerated therapy well with minimal toxicity to vital organs. Pre-clinical safety and toxicity studies were performed in mice, rats and monkeys. Systemic administration of IL-13 cytotoxin appeared to be well tolerated at high doses (up to 50 microg/kg). Intrabrain parenchyma administration of IL-13 cytotoxin at doses up to 100 microg/ml was very well tolerated without any evidence of gross or microscopic necrosis, whereas at 500 microg/ml dose, localized necrosis was observed in normal rat brain. Based on these encouraging pre-clinical studies, three Phase I/II clinical trials in adults with malignant glioma have been initiated. The first clinical trial involves convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of IL-13 cytotoxin into recurrent malignant glioma. This route of IL-13 cytotoxin administration appears to be fairly well tolerated with no neurotoxicity. The second clinical trial involves infusion of IL-13 cytotoxin by CED following tumor resection. The initial stage of the second study assessed histologic effect of drug administered prior to resection. In third one, IL-13 cytotoxin is infused by CED followed by tumor resection. All three clinical trials are currently ongoing. JF - Journal of neuro-oncology AU - Husain, Syed R AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 37 EP - 48 VL - 65 IS - 1 SN - 0167-594X, 0167-594X KW - Exotoxins KW - 0 KW - IL13RA1 protein, human KW - Il13ra1 protein, rat KW - Interleukin-13 KW - Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit KW - Receptors, Interleukin KW - Receptors, Interleukin-13 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Pseudomonas -- chemistry KW - Animals KW - Humans KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical KW - Interleukin-13 -- administration & dosage KW - Exotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Exotoxins -- administration & dosage KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- metabolism KW - Glioma -- drug therapy KW - Brain Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Brain Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- pharmacology KW - Glioma -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins -- administration & dosage KW - Interleukin-13 -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71413026?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neuro-oncology&rft.atitle=Interleukin-13+receptor-directed+cytotoxin+for+malignant+glioma+therapy%3A+from+bench+to+bedside.&rft.au=Husain%2C+Syed+R%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Husain&rft.aufirst=Syed&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=37&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neuro-oncology&rft.issn=0167594X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-12-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Communicating hearing loss information to young children effectiveness of lecture and printed materials. AN - 71337664; 14596383 AB - Developing positive attitudes and behaviors toward hearing loss prevention is more effective the earlier it begins. This study evaluated two training techniques for educating young children about noise and hearing loss. Third grade students from seven Pennsylvania elementary schools received either no intervention between the pre-tests and post-tests, a lecture about hearing loss, or an informational bookmark along with the same lecture. A 10 item quiz was administered as a pre-test and post-test to assess changes in knowledge. Scores on the quiz improved the most for the lecture intervention groups regardless of whether they received the bookmark. Adding the bookmark did not have a significant effect on knowledge gain. The findings reinforce the value of providing an educational foundation along with communication products. JF - AAOHN journal : official journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses AU - Randolph, Robert F AU - Hudak, Roberta L AU - Vaught, Charles AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 433 EP - 438 VL - 51 IS - 10 SN - 0891-0162, 0891-0162 KW - Nursing KW - School Health Services KW - Humans KW - Noise KW - Child KW - Pennsylvania KW - Pamphlets KW - Educational Measurement KW - Health Promotion -- methods KW - Health Education -- methods KW - Hearing Loss -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71337664?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AAOHN+journal+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+of+Occupational+Health+Nurses&rft.atitle=Communicating+hearing+loss+information+to+young+children+effectiveness+of+lecture+and+printed+materials.&rft.au=Randolph%2C+Robert+F%3BHudak%2C+Roberta+L%3BVaught%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Randolph&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=433&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=AAOHN+journal+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+of+Occupational+Health+Nurses&rft.issn=08910162&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-11-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Sampling and analysis considerations for the determination of hexavalent chromium in workplace air. AN - 71323240; 14587839 AB - Airborne hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) is a known human respiratory carcinogen and allergen. Workers in a variety of industries may be exposed to airborne hexavalent chromium, with exposures frequently occurring via inhalation and/or dermal contact. Analytical methods for the measurement of Cr(VI) compounds in workplace samples, rather than for the determination of total elemental chromium in workplace air, are often desired because exposure limit values for Cr(VI) compounds are much lower than for total Cr. For years, sampling and analytical test methods for airborne Cr(VI) have been investigated so as to provide means for occupational exposure assessment to this highly toxic species. Inter-conversion of trivalent chromium (Cr[III]) and Cr(VI) can sometimes occur during sampling and sample preparation, and efforts to minimize unwanted redox reactions involving these chromium valences have been sought. Because of differences in toxicity, there is also interest in the ability to differentiate between water-soluble and insoluble forms of Cr(VI), and procedures that provide solubility information concerning Cr(VI) compounds have been developed. This paper reviews the state of the art concerning the measurement of airborne Cr(VI) compounds in workplace aerosols and related samples. JF - Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM AU - Ashley, Kevin AU - Howe, Alan M AU - Demange, Martine AU - Nygren, Olle AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226-1998, USA. KAshley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 707 EP - 716 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 1464-0325, 1464-0325 KW - Carcinogens, Environmental KW - 0 KW - Chromium KW - 0R0008Q3JB KW - chromium hexavalent ion KW - 18540-29-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Solubility KW - Humans KW - Risk Assessment KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- poisoning KW - Air Pollution, Indoor -- analysis KW - Chromium -- poisoning KW - Chromium -- chemistry KW - Chromium -- analysis KW - Workplace KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods KW - Carcinogens, Environmental -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71323240?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.atitle=Sampling+and+analysis+considerations+for+the+determination+of+hexavalent+chromium+in+workplace+air.&rft.au=Ashley%2C+Kevin%3BHowe%2C+Alan+M%3BDemange%2C+Martine%3BNygren%2C+Olle&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=707&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+environmental+monitoring+%3A+JEM&rft.issn=14640325&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Measuring and identifying large-study metrics for circadian rhythm disruption in female flight attendants. AN - 71322868; 14584514 AB - Flight attendants can experience circadian rhythm disruption due to travel through multiple time zones. The objectives of this study were to determine whether flight attendants are more likely than teachers (comparison group) to experience circadian disruption, as measured by melatonin production, and to identify metrics of circadian disruption for epidemiologic studies of reproductive health in which biomonitoring is infeasible. Each day, for one menstrual cycle, 45 flight attendants and 26 teachers kept a daily diary, collected and measured their overnight urine, and wore an activity monitor to assess sleep displacement. The relation between melatonin production and flight attendant and teacher status was analyzed with linear and multiple logistic regression. The relation between sleep displacement, melatonin, and flight-history-derived variables (including time zones crossed) were examined with exploratory factor analyses. Flight attendants experience increased circadian disruption, as measured by a higher adjusted melatonin rate variance, than teachers [2.8 x 10(5) versus 1.0 x 10(5) (ng/hour)2, respectively: P=0.04] and are more likely to be in the highest quartile of melatonin variance (odds ratio 2.3; 95% confidence interval 0.6-9.1). In the factor analysis, the number of time zones crossed was related to both melatonin desynchronization and sleep displacement. Flight attendants experience increased circadian disruption, as measured by more variable melatonin rates, than a minimally flying comparison group. For epidemiologic studies of flight crews in which melatonin measurement is infeasible, the number of time zones crossed is a useful indicator of both sleep displacement and melatonin desynchronization. JF - Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health AU - Grajewski, Barbara AU - Nguyen, Mimi M AU - Whelan, Elizabeth A AU - Cole, Roger J AU - Hein, Misty J AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, United States. bag2@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 337 EP - 346 VL - 29 IS - 5 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - Melatonin KW - JL5DK93RCL KW - Index Medicus KW - Factor Analysis, Statistical KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Melatonin -- metabolism KW - Circadian Rhythm -- physiology KW - Aerospace Medicine KW - Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm -- physiopathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71322868?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.atitle=Measuring+and+identifying+large-study+metrics+for+circadian+rhythm+disruption+in+female+flight+attendants.&rft.au=Grajewski%2C+Barbara%3BNguyen%2C+Mimi+M%3BWhelan%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BCole%2C+Roger+J%3BHein%2C+Misty+J&rft.aulast=Grajewski&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+journal+of+work%2C+environment+%26+health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-18 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vivo basal and amphetamine-induced striatal dopamine and metabolite levels are similar in the spontaneously hypertensive, Wistar-Kyoto and Sprague-Dawley male rats. AN - 71322578; 14568315 AB - Nigrostriatal alterations are proposed to partially underlie the hypertension and hyperactivity exhibited by the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Here, in vivo microdialysis was used to measure baseline and d-amphetamine (AMPH)-stimulated striatal dopamine (DA) and metabolite levels in adult male SHR, Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. At approximately 19 weeks of age, baseline levels of DA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured after which time, each rat was injected intraperitoneally with 2 mg/kg AMPH and samples were collected for the subsequent 200 min. There were no significant strain differences in baseline levels of DA, HVA, and 5-HIAA. The baseline level of DOPAC was decreased in the WKY relative to the SD. AMPH treatment altered DA, DOPAC, HVA, and 5-HIAA to a similar extent in all strains; thus, there were no significant strain differences, nor did the area under the curve (AUC) for DA levels differ between strains. AUC for DOPAC was significantly smaller for the WKY relative to the SD strain, likely due to the lower baseline level. At the single dose of amphetamine used here, the results indicate that in vivo DA levels in the SHR are similar to the WKY and SD strains. JF - Physiology & behavior AU - Ferguson, Sherry A AU - Gough, Bobby J AU - Cada, Amy M AD - HFT-132, Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. sferguson@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 109 EP - 114 VL - 80 IS - 1 SN - 0031-9384, 0031-9384 KW - Dopamine Agents KW - 0 KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid KW - 102-32-9 KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid KW - 54-16-0 KW - Dextroamphetamine KW - TZ47U051FI KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Homovanillic Acid KW - X77S6GMS36 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Microdialysis KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Rats, Inbred WKY KW - Rats, Inbred SHR KW - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid -- metabolism KW - Homovanillic Acid -- metabolism KW - Species Specificity KW - Male KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Dopamine Agents -- pharmacology KW - Dopamine -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- drug effects KW - Dextroamphetamine -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71322578?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.atitle=In+vivo+basal+and+amphetamine-induced+striatal+dopamine+and+metabolite+levels+are+similar+in+the+spontaneously+hypertensive%2C+Wistar-Kyoto+and+Sprague-Dawley+male+rats.&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Sherry+A%3BGough%2C+Bobby+J%3BCada%2C+Amy+M&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Sherry&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=109&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bioassay-guided isolation of epiquinamide, a novel quinolizidine alkaloid and nicotinic agonist from an Ecuadoran poison frog, Epipedobates tricolor. AN - 71309454; 14575435 AB - Analytical HPLC fractionation, combined with an off-line 96-well fluorescent bioassay screen, has been developed and used for the separation and screening of a natural product extract. This method was used to guide the isolation of a novel quinolizidine alkaloid from the methanolic skin extracts of an Ecuadoran frog, Epipedobates tricolor. The structure was determined on the basis of MS, IR, and NMR analysis as (1R,10R)-1-acetamidoquinolizidine (alkaloid 196). We have named this compound epiquinamide, reflecting its origin and structure. The activity of the isolated compound was determined in five cell lines expressing various nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. The bioactivity of epiquinamide was evaluated on the basis of membrane potential fluorescence and was found to be beta2 selective. This compound represents a new structural class of nicotinic agonists and a potential lead compound for the development of new therapeutics and pharmacological probes for nicotinic receptors. The off-line screening technique was found to be very sensitive for the detection of compounds active at nicotinic receptors. JF - Journal of natural products AU - Fitch, Richard W AU - Garraffo, H Martin AU - Spande, Thomas F AU - Yeh, Herman J C AU - Daly, John W AD - Section on Pharmacodynamics, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 1345 EP - 1350 VL - 66 IS - 10 SN - 0163-3864, 0163-3864 KW - Alkaloids KW - 0 KW - Nicotinic Agonists KW - Quinolizines KW - Receptors, Nicotinic KW - epiquinamide KW - Index Medicus KW - Molecular Structure KW - Animals KW - Ecuador KW - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Quinolizines -- chemistry KW - Ranidae -- metabolism KW - Alkaloids -- chemistry KW - Nicotinic Agonists -- isolation & purification KW - Skin -- secretion KW - Receptors, Nicotinic -- metabolism KW - Quinolizines -- pharmacology KW - Quinolizines -- isolation & purification KW - Alkaloids -- pharmacology KW - Alkaloids -- isolation & purification KW - Nicotinic Agonists -- pharmacology KW - Nicotinic Agonists -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71309454?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.atitle=Bioassay-guided+isolation+of+epiquinamide%2C+a+novel+quinolizidine+alkaloid+and+nicotinic+agonist+from+an+Ecuadoran+poison+frog%2C+Epipedobates+tricolor.&rft.au=Fitch%2C+Richard+W%3BGarraffo%2C+H+Martin%3BSpande%2C+Thomas+F%3BYeh%2C+Herman+J+C%3BDaly%2C+John+W&rft.aulast=Fitch&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1345&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+natural+products&rft.issn=01633864&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fulvestrant in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. AN - 71273405; 14555500 AB - Patients with hormone-sensitive breast cancer who have responded to tamoxifen (TAM) may receive additional benefit from a second endocrine agent after progression or relapse after TAM therapy. Fulvestrant (FVT; Faslodex; i.m. injection, ICI 182,780; AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE) was developed as a selective antagonist of estrogen. In postmenopausal women, FVT is reported to inhibit the proliferative effects of estrogen on sensitive tissues and has no apparent measurable estrogenic activity. In this report, we describe the data and analyses supporting marketing approval for FVT by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA review of 16 clinical trials and 6 pharmacokinetic trials, as well as preclinical pharmacology and chemistry data, are described. The bases for marketing approval are summarized. Toxicology studies in the mouse, rat, and dog showed minimal toxicity except for antiestrogenic effects. Because of FVT aqueous insolubility, an i.m. formulation, given at monthly intervals, was selected for clinical studies. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated sustained concentrations with monthly injection. In in vitro studies FVT was extensively metabolized, primarily by hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4. Phase I studies showed minimal toxicity, and the maximal dose (250 mg) was limited by FVT solubility. In two Phase III trials, 851 patients were randomized to either 250 mg FVT i.m. monthly or to anastrozole (ANZ) 1 mg p.o. daily. Ninety-six percent of patients had received TAM previously for early (adjuvant treatment) or advanced breast cancer. Response rates (RR) were 17% for both FVT and ANZ study arms in the North American trial, and were 20% versus 15% for FVT versus ANZ, respectively, in the European trial. There were no observed differences between study arms with respect to time to progression or survival. The most common FVT adverse events reported as potentially treatment-related were injection site reactions and hot flashes. FVT was approved on April 25, 2002 by the FDA for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women with disease progression after antiestrogen therapy. The recommended dose is 250 mg i.m. monthly as a single 5 ml injection or as two concurrent 2.5 ml injections into the buttocks. Approval was based on results of two randomized trials comparing response rates and time to progression of FVT- and ANZ-treated patients. Complete prescribing information is available on the FDA website. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Bross, Peter F AU - Baird, Amy AU - Chen, Gang AU - Jee, Josephine M AU - Lostritto, Richard T AU - Morse, David E AU - Rosario, Liliam A AU - Williams, Gene M AU - Yang, Peiling AU - Rahman, Atiqur AU - Williams, Grant AU - Pazdur, Richard AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. Y1 - 2003/10/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Oct 01 SP - 4309 EP - 4317 VL - 9 IS - 12 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal KW - 0 KW - Nitriles KW - Triazoles KW - fulvestrant KW - 22X328QOC4 KW - anastrozole KW - 2Z07MYW1AZ KW - Estradiol KW - 4TI98Z838E KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Survival Rate KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Triazoles -- therapeutic use KW - Nitriles -- therapeutic use KW - Female KW - Estradiol -- analogs & derivatives KW - Estradiol -- adverse effects KW - Breast Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Postmenopause KW - Estradiol -- pharmacology KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- pharmacology KW - Estradiol -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- therapeutic use KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal -- adverse effects KW - Breast Neoplasms -- secondary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71273405?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Fulvestrant+in+postmenopausal+women+with+advanced+breast+cancer.&rft.au=Bross%2C+Peter+F%3BBaird%2C+Amy%3BChen%2C+Gang%3BJee%2C+Josephine+M%3BLostritto%2C+Richard+T%3BMorse%2C+David+E%3BRosario%2C+Liliam+A%3BWilliams%2C+Gene+M%3BYang%2C+Peiling%3BRahman%2C+Atiqur%3BWilliams%2C+Grant%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Bross&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Organ Donation Breakthrough Collaborative: Best practices final report (September 2003) AN - 216539289; 14621632 AB - An Executive Summary of the Best Practices Final Report on The Organ Donation Breakthrough Collaborative, released in Sep 2003 is presented. The Organ Donation Breakthrough Collaborative is the most recent component of US Secretary of Health and Human Services Tommy G. Thompson's initiative, which aims to generate significant and measurable increases in organ donation. JF - Nephrology Nursing Journal AU - Anonymous Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 529 EP - 31, 590-1 CY - Pitman PB - Anthony J. Jannetti, Inc. VL - 30 IS - 5 SN - 1526744X KW - Medical Sciences--Urology And Nephrology KW - Blood & organ donations KW - Hemodialysis KW - Wellness programs KW - Tissue & Organ Procurement -- ethics KW - Humans KW - Guidelines as Topic KW - Data Collection KW - Research Design KW - Tissue & Organ Procurement -- standards KW - Tissue & Organ Procurement -- organization & administration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/216539289?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthcompleteshell&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nephrology+Nursing+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Organ+Donation+Breakthrough+Collaborative%3A+Best+practices+final+report+%28September+2003%29&rft.au=Anonymous&rft.aulast=Anonymous&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=529&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nephrology+Nursing+Journal&rft.issn=1526744X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Name - Department of Health & Human Services N1 - Copyright - Copyright Anthony J. Jannetti, Inc. Oct 2003 N1 - Last updated - 2014-04-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY: DAK, a new low-incidence antigen in the Rh blood group system AN - 20225876; 6597931 AB - BACKGROUND:Some low-incidence antigens in the Rh blood group system (e.g., VS, Rh32, FPTT) are expressed by more than one Rh complex. We describe a new low-incidence antigen that is present on RBCs with the partial D phenotypes, D super(IIIa) or DOL, on [unconverted image] super(N) RBCs and on one example of STEM+ super(S) RBCs. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:Standard hemagglutination testing was performed with two sera that agglutinated D super(IIIa) RBCs on our in-house antibody identification panel. DNA-based assays were performed on selected samples. RESULTS:RBCs with the D super(IIIa) (n = 31), DOL (n = 5), or [unconverted image] super(N) (n = 10) phenotype were agglutinated by both sera, as were RBCs from one STEM+ super(S) person. Reactivity with RBCs of either D super(IIIa) or DOL phenotypes was stronger than with [unconverted image] super(N) RBCs and could not be separated by adsorption and elution. CONCLUSION:An antibody, anti-DAK, which recognizes a novel low-incidence antigen that is more strongly expressed on D super(IIIa) and DOL RBCs than on [unconverted image] super(N) RBCs is described. The antibody agglutinated RBCs from 4 percent of D+ African American blood donors in New York. The antigen, DAK, has been assigned the ISBT number RH54 (004.054). JF - Transfusion AU - Reid, Marion E AU - Storry, Jill R AU - Sausais, Laima AU - Tossas, Edith AU - Rios, Maria AU - Hue-Roye, Kim AU - Gloster, Elizabeth S AU - Miller, Scott T AU - Wolf, Carl AU - Lomas-Francis, Christine AD - Immunohematology and Immunochemistry Laboratories, New York Blood Center, New York, New York; Blood Bank, Pathology, and the Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York; Blood Bank and Transfusion Services, New York Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York; and the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, Maryland, marion_reid@nybc.org Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1394 EP - 1397 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 43 IS - 10 SN - 0041-1132, 0041-1132 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Blood donors KW - Antibodies KW - Blood groups KW - Adsorption KW - Hemagglutination KW - F 06960:Molecular Immunology KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20225876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transfusion&rft.atitle=IMMUNOHEMATOLOGY%3A+DAK%2C+a+new+low-incidence+antigen+in+the+Rh+blood+group+system&rft.au=Reid%2C+Marion+E%3BStorry%2C+Jill+R%3BSausais%2C+Laima%3BTossas%2C+Edith%3BRios%2C+Maria%3BHue-Roye%2C+Kim%3BGloster%2C+Elizabeth+S%3BMiller%2C+Scott+T%3BWolf%2C+Carl%3BLomas-Francis%2C+Christine&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Marion&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Transfusion&rft.issn=00411132&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1537-2995.2003.00517.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Tables, 2; references, 15. N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-01 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Blood donors; Antibodies; Blood groups; Adsorption; Hemagglutination DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00517.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Migration of volatile degradation products into ozonated water from plastic packaging materials AN - 19263202; 5829879 AB - Migration of volatile degradation products from poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles, polypropylene (PP) caps and ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) liners into ozonated water was measured. Polymer strips were immersed in deionized and distilled water with ozone concentrations of 0.5, 2.5 and/or 5 mg kg super(m1) inside 35-ml vials, which were clamp-sealed and stored at 40 degree C for 10 days. A purge-and-trap unit was developed to extract volatile products from the ozonated water in vials. The extractables were trapped in an adsorbent tube and analysed using a GC-MS coupled with an automated thermal desorber (ATD). Mass spectra were interpreted by comparison with a NIST mass spectral library, and an internal standard method was used to quantify the extractables of interest. Several volatile compounds found in ozonated water that had been in contact with PP, EVA and HDPE polymers included butanal, pentanal, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, 2,2-dimethyl propanal, 3-hexanone, 2-hexanone and heptanone. These compounds could cause off-taste and off-odour with a low organoleptic threshold. In general, the concentrations of these volatile compounds increased with an increased exposure to ozone. The highest concentration found was 14.1-0.6 wg kg super(m1) for hexanal with a 5 mg kg super(m1) ozone treatment of PP caps. Even at a treatment level of 5 mg kg super(m1) ozone, which is greater than 10 times the current regulatory limits for bottled water, the extractables migrating from those polymers were within the levels permitted by the FDA. For the PET sample, no significant peaks were observed before or after ozonation. These results imply that PP caps containing EVA liners may be major sources of off-odour and taste in ozonated bottled water. JF - Food Additives and Contaminants AU - Song, Y S AU - Al-Taher, F AU - Sadler, G AD - Division of Food Processing and Packaging, US Food and Drug Administration, 6502 South Archer Road, Summit-Argo, IL 60501, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 985 EP - 994 VL - 20 IS - 10 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - bottled water KW - migration KW - polyethylene terephthalate KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Drinking water KW - Food contamination KW - Packaging KW - Ozonation KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19263202?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.atitle=Migration+of+volatile+degradation+products+into+ozonated+water+from+plastic+packaging+materials&rft.au=Song%2C+Y+S%3BAl-Taher%2C+F%3BSadler%2C+G&rft.aulast=Song&rft.aufirst=Y&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=985&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Food contamination; Drinking water; Ozonation; Packaging ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of 1,3-dichloropropanol in soy and related sauces by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry AN - 19263165; 5829873 AB - A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for 3-MCPD in foods and food ingredients was modified for the determination of 1,3-DCP in soy and related sauces. The method was validated by using a blank soy sauce. The detection limit, quantitation limit and recoveries were determined, and identities were confirmed by mass spectrometry on the basis of analyses of test portions spiked with 1,3-DCP at 10, 25, 50 and 100 ng g super(m1). The spiked test portions were quantitated by using an internal standard calibration curve. For the spiked test portions, the mean internal standard-corrected recovery for 1,3-DCP was 100% with a relative standard deviation of 1.32%. The limits of detection and quantitation were determined as 0.055 and 0.185 ng g super(m1), respectively. The method also was compared with a headspace GC/MS method recently developed by the UK's Central Science Laboratory. Results from the method comparison showed that the recoveries for the spiked test portions, as well as the amounts of 1,3-DCP found in the retail products, were comparable. JF - Food Additives and Contaminants AU - Nyman, P J AU - Diachenko, G W AU - Perfetti, G A AD - Division of Chemistry Research and Environmental Review, Office of Food Additive Safety, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch, Parkway College Park, MD 20740-3835, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 903 EP - 908 VL - 20 IS - 10 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - determination KW - soy sauces KW - 1,3-Dichloropropanol KW - 1,3-dichloropropanol KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Gas chromatography KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Soy sauce KW - Food contamination KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19263165?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.atitle=Determination+of+1%2C3-dichloropropanol+in+soy+and+related+sauces+by+using+gas+chromatography%2Fmass+spectrometry&rft.au=Nyman%2C+P+J%3BDiachenko%2C+G+W%3BPerfetti%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Nyman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=903&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Food contamination; Soy sauce; Mass spectroscopy ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of chloropropanols in soy sauces and related products AN - 19262132; 5829874 AB - A survey of soy sauces and related products available in the USA was conducted to determine the levels of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) in these products. Fifty-five retail samples were purchased and analysed for 3-MCPD. 3-MCPD determinations were made according to a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method validated by a collaborative trial. Eighty-five per cent of the samples analysed contained greater than the detection limit of 0.005 ppm (wg g super(m1)) for 3-MCPD. Thirty-three per cent contained greater than 1 ppm; the highest level was 876 ppm 3-MCPD. Thirty-nine of the samples analysed for 3-MCPD also were analysed for 1,3-DCP by using a modified method developed and validated in-house. Fifty-six per cent of the samples analysed for 1,3-DCP contained greater than the detection limit of 0.055 ppb (ng g super(m1)) for 1,3-DCP; the highest level was 9.8 ppm 1,3-DCP. Products manufactured in Asia contained the highest chloropropanol levels. JF - Food Additives and Contaminants AU - Nyman, P J AU - Diachenko, G W AU - Perfetti, G A AD - Division of Chemistry Research and Environmental Review, Office of Food Additive Safety, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch, Parkway College Park, MD 20740-3835, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 909 EP - 915 VL - 20 IS - 10 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - soy sauces KW - 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol KW - 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol KW - chloropropanols KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mass spectrometry KW - Food contamination KW - Mass spectroscopy KW - USA KW - Gas chromatography KW - Soy sauce KW - Asia KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19262132?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.atitle=Survey+of+chloropropanols+in+soy+sauces+and+related+products&rft.au=Nyman%2C+P+J%3BDiachenko%2C+G+W%3BPerfetti%2C+G+A&rft.aulast=Nyman&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=909&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Asia; Food contamination; Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Soy sauce ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acute Occupational Disinfectant-Related Illness Among Youth, 1993-1998 AN - 19230658; 5801262 AB - Working youths face many safety and health risks. Among these risks are those posed by disinfectant exposures. In this study we describe acute occupational disinfectant-related illness among youth. Data on U.S. children younger than 18 years with acute occupational disinfectant-related illnesses between 1993 and 1998 were collected from the Toxic Exposure Surveillance System and from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation. We analyzed data from persons with exposures who met the case definition for acute occupational disinfectant-related illness. The case definition required onset of new adverse health effects that were both temporally related to a disinfectant exposure and consistent with the known toxicology of the disinfectant. We calculated incidence rates of acute occupational disinfectant-related illness among youths 15-17 years old and incidence rate ratios to compare these rates with those of adults 25-44 years old. We found 307 children with disinfectant-related illnesses. The average annual incidence rate was 16.8/billion hours worked with a relative risk compared with adults of 4.14 (95% confidence interval, 3.66-4.68). Most illnesses were of mild severity (78%). There were no fatalities. Hypochlorites (e.g., bleach) were responsible for 45% of the illnesses. Among the 206 cases where the responsible disinfectant's U.S. Environmental Protection Agency toxicity category was known, 80% were in category I (highest toxicity level). These findings suggest the need for greater efforts to prevent adolescent acute occupational disinfectant-related illness. This may require strengthening regulations and enforcement as well as increased educational efforts directed at employers, youths, parents, school officials, and physicians. Better mechanisms for reporting and tracking chemical illnesses among working adolescents are also needed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Brevard, T A AU - Calvert, G M AU - Blondell, J M AU - Mehler, L N AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA, jac6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1654 EP - 1659 VL - 111 IS - 13 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - illness KW - man KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Adolescence KW - Toxicity KW - Public health KW - Disinfectants KW - USA, California KW - Adolescents KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24151:Acute exposure KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19230658?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Acute+Occupational+Disinfectant-Related+Illness+Among+Youth%2C+1993-1998&rft.au=Brevard%2C+T+A%3BCalvert%2C+G+M%3BBlondell%2C+J+M%3BMehler%2C+L+N&rft.aulast=Brevard&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1654&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.6157 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Disinfectants; Adolescence; Occupational exposure; Public health; Toxicity; Adolescents; USA, California DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6157 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of Excipients - A Food and Drug Administration Perspective AN - 19205532; 5773913 AB - Excipients are essential components of drug products. They are also potential toxicants. Examples of known excipient-induced toxicities include renal failure and death from diethylene glycol, osmotic diarrhea caused by ingested mannitol, hypersensitivity reactions from lanolin, and cardiotoxicity induced by propylene glycol. Proposals to test or market new drug products in the United States should adequately address the safety of the proposed exposure to the excipients in those products. The specific safety data that may be needed will vary depending upon the clinical situation, including such factors as the duration, level, and route of exposure, but may include acute, repeat-dose, reproductive, and genetic toxicity data, carcinogenicity data, and specialized toxicology information, such as sensitization or local irritation data. Many guidances exist to aid in the development of pharmaceuticals, including the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) documents and various Food and Drug Administration/Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (FDA/CDER) pharmacology and toxicology guidances. The FDA/CDER has recently adopted a new guidance for industry, "Nonclinical Studies for Development of Pharmaceutical Excipients," which focuses on issues associated with development of safety databases that will support clinical use of excipients in drug products. The new guidance document is introduced and discussed in this article. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - Osterberg, R E AU - See, NA AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 377 EP - 380 VL - 22 IS - 5 SN - 1091-5818, 1091-5818 KW - pharmaceuticals KW - renal function KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Cardiovascular system KW - Safety KW - Toxicity KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Reviews KW - Dose-response effects KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Drugs KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19205532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+Excipients+-+A+Food+and+Drug+Administration+Perspective&rft.au=Osterberg%2C+R+E%3BSee%2C+NA&rft.aulast=Osterberg&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=377&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Dose-response effects; Toxicity; Drugs; Carcinogenicity; Mortality; Cardiovascular system; Reviews; Pharmaceuticals; Safety ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of a disposable transparent filtration membrane to the infrared spectroscopic discrimination among bacterial species AN - 19181304; 5753296 AB - This study describes the application of filtration, infrared spectroscopy, and multivariate analysis to the identification of 10 foodborne bacterial species. The bacteria were applied by filtration to a disposable optical membrane that is transparent to infrared radiation. The filtration step was rapid (2 min). Observed cellular infrared spectra were unique and were used to discriminate among the different species. A dataset for the 10 bacterial species investigated was successfully used to correctly identify unknowns included in the dataset. JF - Journal of Microbiological Methods AU - Mossoba, M M AU - Al-Khaldi, S F AU - Jacobson, A AU - Segarra Crowe, LI AU - Fry, F S AD - Division of General Scientific Support (DGSS), OSAS, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, Mail Stop HFS 717, Room BE-012, College Park, MD 20740-3835, USA, mmossoba@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 311 EP - 314 VL - 55 IS - 1 SN - 0167-7012, 0167-7012 KW - food-borne microorganisms KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Filtration KW - I.R. spectroscopy KW - Food-borne diseases KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19181304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.atitle=Application+of+a+disposable+transparent+filtration+membrane+to+the+infrared+spectroscopic+discrimination+among+bacterial+species&rft.au=Mossoba%2C+M+M%3BAl-Khaldi%2C+S+F%3BJacobson%2C+A%3BSegarra+Crowe%2C+LI%3BFry%2C+F+S&rft.aulast=Mossoba&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=311&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Microbiological+Methods&rft.issn=01677012&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0167-7012%2803%2900114-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Filtration; I.R. spectroscopy; Food-borne diseases DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7012(03)00114-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microarray analysis of erythromycin resistance determinants AN - 18961698; 5730201 AB - To develop a DNA microarray for analysis of genes encoding resistance determinants to erythromycin and the related macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B (MLS) compounds. We developed an oligonucleotide microarray containing seven oligonucleotide probes (oligoprobes) for each of the six genes (ermA, ermB, ermC, ereA, ereB and msrA/B) that account for more than 98% of MLS resistance in Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. The microarray was used to test reference and clinical S. aureus and Streptococcus pyrogenes strains. Target genes from clinical strains were amplified and fluorescently labelled using multiplex PCR target amplification. The microarray assay correctly identified the MLS resistance genes in the reference strains and clinical isolates of S. aureus, and the results were confirmed by direct DNA sequence analysis. Of 18 S. aureus clinical strains tested, 11 isolates carry MLS determinants. One gene (ermC) was found in all 11 clinical isolates tested, and two others, ermA and msrA/B, were found in five or more isolates. Indeed, eight (72%) of 11 clinical isolate strains contained two or three MLS resistance genes, in one of the three combinations (ermA with ermC, ermC with msrA/B, ermA with ermC and msrA/B). Oligonucleotide microarray can detect and identify the six MLS resistance determinants analysed in this study. Our results suggest that microarray-based detection of microbial antibiotic resistance genes might be a useful tool for identifying antibiotic resistance determinants in a wide range of bacterial strains, given the high homology among microbial MLS resistance genes. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Volokhov, D AU - Chizhikov, V AU - Chumakov, K AU - Rasooly, A AD - FDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, and FDA Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Rockville, MD, USA, axr@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 787 EP - 798 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 95 IS - 4 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - DNA microarrays KW - ereA gene KW - ereB gene KW - ermA gene KW - ermB gene KW - ermC gene KW - erythromycin KW - msrA/B gene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Gene amplification KW - Drug resistance KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Streptococcus pyogenes KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance KW - W2 32243:Molecular methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18961698?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Microarray+analysis+of+erythromycin+resistance+determinants&rft.au=Volokhov%2C+D%3BChizhikov%2C+V%3BChumakov%2C+K%3BRasooly%2C+A&rft.aulast=Volokhov&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=787&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2003.02046.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Streptococcus pyogenes; Drug resistance; Polymerase chain reaction; Gene amplification DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02046.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Six interaction profiles for simple mixtures AN - 18931414; 5673949 AB - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has a program for chemical mixtures that encompasses research on chemical mixtures toxicity, health risk assessment, and development of innovative computational methods. ATSDR prepared a guidance document that instructs users on how to conduct health risk assessment on chemical mixtures (Guidance Manual for the Assessment of Joint Toxic Action of Chemical Mixtures). ATSDR also developed six interaction profiles for chemical mixtures. Two profiles were developed for persistent environmental chemicals that are often found in contaminated fish and also can be detected in human breast milk. The mixture included chlorinated dibenzo- p-dioxins, hexachlorobenzene, dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane, methyl mercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Two profiles each were developed for mixtures of metals and mixtures of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) that are frequently found at hazardous waste sites. The two metal profiles dealt with (a) lead, manganese, zinc, and copper; and (b) arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and lead; the two VOCs mixtures dealt with (a) 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene; and (b) benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTEX). Weight-of-evidence methodology was used to assess the joint toxic action for most of the mixtures. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling was used for BTEX. In most cases, a target-organ toxicity dose modification of the hazard index approach is recommended for conducting exposure-based assessments of noncancer health hazards. JF - Chemosphere AU - Pohl, H R AU - Roney, N AU - Wilbur, S AU - Hansen, H AU - De Rosa, CT AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), US Department of Health and Human Services, Div. of Toxicology, Mailstop E-29, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA, hpohl@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 183 EP - 197 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl] VL - 53 IS - 2 SN - 0045-6535, 0045-6535 KW - interaction profiles KW - mixtures KW - risk assessment KW - weight of evidence KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Aqualine Abstracts; Water Resources Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Chemical mixtures KW - Risk assessment KW - Weight-of-evidence KW - Chemicals KW - Heavy metals KW - Xenobiotics KW - Freshwater fish KW - Risks KW - Public health KW - Hazards KW - Public Health KW - Pollutants KW - Pollutant persistence KW - Data Interpretation KW - Risk analysis KW - Synergism KW - Pollution detection KW - Publications KW - Toxicity KW - Heavy Metals KW - Chlorinated hydrocarbons KW - Model Studies KW - Food fish KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Profiles KW - Water Pollution Effects KW - Analytical techniques KW - Public-health KW - Organic compounds KW - Toxicity (see also Lethal limits) KW - Chemical pollutants KW - Volatile organic compounds KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - Q5 08504:Effects on organisms KW - SW 3030:Effects of pollution KW - AQ 00008:Effects of Pollution KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18931414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aaqualine&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemosphere&rft.atitle=Six+interaction+profiles+for+simple+mixtures&rft.au=Pohl%2C+H+R%3BRoney%2C+N%3BWilbur%2C+S%3BHansen%2C+H%3BDe+Rosa%2C+CT&rft.aulast=Pohl&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemosphere&rft.issn=00456535&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0045-6535%2803%2900436-3 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bioaccumulation; Pollution detection; Synergism; Analytical techniques; Pollutant persistence; Toxicity; Freshwater fish; Chemical pollutants; Risks; Chlorinated hydrocarbons; Public health; Food fish; Risk assessment; Xenobiotics; Hazards; Chemicals; Heavy metals; Volatile organic compounds; Risk analysis; Public-health; Organic compounds; Toxicity (see also Lethal limits); Public Health; Pollutants; Profiles; Water Pollution Effects; Publications; Data Interpretation; Heavy Metals; Model Studies DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00436-3 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - DNA Adduct Formation from Acrylamide via Conversion To Glycidamide in Adult and Neonatal Mice AN - 18895445; 5767808 AB - Acrylamide (AA) is a high production volume chemical with many industrial uses; however, recent findings of ppm levels in starchy foods cooked at high temperature have refocused worldwide attention on the neurotoxicity, germ cell mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of AA. Oxidative metabolism of AA to its epoxide metabolite, glycidamide (GA), has been observed in experimental animals and humans and may be associated with many of the toxic effects of AA exposure, including formation of N7-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)guanine (N7-GA-Gua) in vivo. This paper describes the characterization of two new GA-derived DNA adducts formed in vitro, N3-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl) adenine (N3-GA-Ade) and N1-(2-carboxy-2-hydroxyethyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine. A sensitive method for quantification of N7-GA-Gua and N3-GA-Ade, based on LC with tandem mass spectrometry and isotope dilution, was developed and validated for use in measuring DNA adduct formation in selected tissues of adult and whole body DNA of 3 day old neonatal mice treated with AA and GA. In adult mice, DNA adduct formation was observed in liver, lung, and kidney with levels of N7-GA-Gua around 2000 adducts/10 super(8) nucleotides and N3-GA-Ade around 20 adducts/10 super(8) nucleotides. Adduct levels were modestly higher in adult mice dosed with GA as opposed to AA; however, treatment of neonatal mice with GA produced 5-7-fold higher whole body DNA adduct levels than with AA, presumably reflective of lower oxidative enzyme activity in newborn mice. DNA adduct formation from AA treatment in adult mice showed a supralinear dose-response relationship, consistent with saturation of oxidative metabolism at higher doses. These results increase our understanding of the mutagenic potential of GA and provide further evidence for a genotoxic mechanism in AA carcinogenesis. JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology AU - da Costa, GG AU - Churchwell, MI AU - Hamilton, L P AU - Von Tungeln, LS AU - Beland, F A AU - Marques, M M AU - Doerge AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 1328 EP - 1337 PB - American Chemical Society, P.O. Box 182426 Columbus OH 43218-2426 USA, [mailto:service@acs.org] VL - 16 IS - 10 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - glycidamide KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - DNA adducts KW - Acrylamide KW - Neonates KW - X 24155:Biochemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18895445?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=DNA+Adduct+Formation+from+Acrylamide+via+Conversion+To+Glycidamide+in+Adult+and+Neonatal+Mice&rft.au=da+Costa%2C+GG%3BChurchwell%2C+MI%3BHamilton%2C+L+P%3BVon+Tungeln%2C+LS%3BBeland%2C+F+A%3BMarques%2C+M+M%3BDoerge&rft.aulast=da+Costa&rft.aufirst=GG&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1328&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.issn=0893228X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Ftx034108e LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA adducts; Acrylamide; Neonates DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx034108e ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolates from US cattle in feedlots in 1999 and 2000 AN - 18876366; 5730197 AB - Faecal samples from cattle in US feedlots were evaluated for the presence of Salmonella. When Salmonella isolates were recovered the antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined. Faecal samples were collected from pen floors in 73 feedlots in 12 states during the period from October 1999 to September 2000. Pens of cattle selected for sampling were those that had been in the feedlot for the shortest period of time, the longest period of time and a randomly selected pen from the remaining pens. Faecal samples were cultured for Salmonella spp. and all Salmonella isolates were categorized by serotype. The susceptibilities of all isolates were determined using a panel of 17 antimicrobials. Overall, 6.3% (654/10 417) of the samples cultured positive for Salmonella spp. and 22.2% (94/422) of pens and 50.7% (37/73) of feedlots had one or more positive samples. There was little difference in the proportion of positive samples from short-fed (6.1%, 212/3482), random (6.4%, 217/3400) and long-fed (6.4%, 224 /3485) pens of cattle. One of two pens of cattle that could not be attributed to a pen type had a single positive sample (2.0%, 1/50). Samples collected during the period of April to June (6.8%, 209 /3054) and July to September (11.4%, 286/2500) were more likely to be positive than those collected during October to December (4.0%, 73/1838) and January to March (2.8%, 86/3025). The most common serotypes of Salmonella were dissimilar from those that are typically seen in human illness and cattle illness. The majority of isolates (62.8%, 441/702) were sensitive to all of the antimicrobials tested. Resistance was most frequently observed to tetracycline (35.9%, 252/702) followed by streptomycin (11.1%, 78 /702), ampicillin (10.4%, 73/702) and chloramphenicol (10.4%, 73 /702). Multiple resistance (resistance to greater than or equal to 2 antimicrobials) was observed for 11.7% (82/702) of the isolates. Salmonella was isolated at low frequency from faeces of feedlot cattle and the serotypes were not those commonly associated with human illness. In addition most of the Salmonella isolates were sensitive to all the antimicrobials tested. This study contributes to understanding the ecology of Salmonella in cattle feedlots and the prevalence of resistance among potential food-borne pathogens. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Dargatz, D AU - Fedorka-Cray, P AU - Ladely, S AU - Kopral, C AU - Ferris, K AU - Headrick, M AD - APHIS Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, USDA, Fort Collins, CO, USA, ARS Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, USDA, Athens, GA, USA, APHIS National Veterinary Services Laboratories, USDA, Ames, IA, USA, and CVM, FDA, Rockville, MD, USA, david.a.dargatz@aphis.usda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 753 EP - 761 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 95 IS - 4 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01018:Animal foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18876366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.atitle=Effect+of+chlorogenic+acid+on+hydroxyl+radical.&rft.au=Zang%2C+Lun-Yi%3BCosma%2C+Greg%3BGardner%2C+Henry%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BVallyathan%2C+Val&rft.aulast=Zang&rft.aufirst=Lun-Yi&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=247&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=205&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biochemistry&rft.issn=03008177&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02034.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiplex Real-Time PCR Method To Identify Shiga Toxin Genes stx1 and stx2 and Escherichia coli O157:H7/H super(-) Serotype AN - 18874940; 5728890 AB - A multiplex real-time PCR method to simultaneously detect the stx1 and stx2 genes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and a unique conserved single-nucleotide polymorphism in the E. coli O157:H7/H super(-) uidA gene has been developed. There is more than 98.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity for all three gene targets based on a panel of 138 isolates. The PCR efficiencies were => 1.89, and as few as 6 CFU/reaction could be detected. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Jinneman, K C AU - Yoshitomi, K J AU - Weagant, S D AD - Seafood Products Research Center, Pacific Regional Laboratory Northwest, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 22201 23rd Dr. SE, Bothell, WA 98021, Karen.Jinneman@fda.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 6327 EP - 6333 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 69 IS - 10 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - stx1 gene KW - stx2 gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02821:Assays UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18874940?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Multiplex+Real-Time+PCR+Method+To+Identify+Shiga+Toxin+Genes+stx1+and+stx2+and+Escherichia+coli+O157%3AH7%2FH+super%28-%29+Serotype&rft.au=Jinneman%2C+K+C%3BYoshitomi%2C+K+J%3BWeagant%2C+S+D&rft.aulast=Jinneman&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=6327&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.10.6327-6333.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.10.6327-6333.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - On-the-hand measurement methods for assessing effectiveness of anti-vibration gloves AN - 18814749; 5693354 AB - Several technical difficulties have been associated with the current test and evaluation methods for assessing the vibration isolation effectiveness of anti-vibration gloves. The effectiveness of the gloves for specific powered hand tools can be assessed through measurement of acceleration on the head of the third metacarpal or at the wrist. In the present study, the reliability of these on-the-hand measurement methods is evaluated through assessing the vibration transmissibility of gloves while operating chipping hammers. Two different methods, with and without the prior knowledge of tool vibration, for deriving the transmissibility of the gloves are also evaluated. The study used an air bladder glove and a gel-filled glove, two chipping hammers, and feed forces in the 50-200 N range. Six male volunteers were used as test subjects. The transmissibility of the gloves is also estimated using a total vibration transfer function method. The results suggest that the on-the-hand methods offer some unique advantages over the palm adapter method outlined in ISO-10819, but they suffer from poor repeatability when a high degree of tool vibration variability is observed, especially if the tool vibration is not measured and used for the assessment. Glove transmissibility measured at the third metacarpal is more repeatable than that derived from the measurements at the wrist. Reasonably good agreements were observed between the predicted and measured transmissibility values of the air glove. However, the measured transmissibility values for the gel-filled glove suggest that it may perform better than as predicted using the transfer function method. Prolonged exposure to hand- transmitted vibration has been related to an array of health disorders of the vascular, nervous and musculoskeletal systems in the upper extremity. Anti- vibration gloves can be used to help reduce the severity of vibration exposure. The current glove assessment methods exhibit several technical difficulties and do not provide information regarding the effectiveness of the gloves when used with specific power tools. This study examines the effectiveness of on-the-hand measurement methods and the transfer function-based prediction method to determine more reliable glove assessment methods. The study also proposes a test device and method for assessing the vibration effectiveness of gloves when used with pneumatic hammers. It is anticipated that the proposed glove assessment method would be applicable to other types of hand-held power tools. JF - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics AU - Dong, R G AU - McDowell, T W AU - Welcome, DE AU - Smutz, W P AU - Schopper, A W AU - Warren, C AU - Wu, J Z AU - Rakheja, S AD - Engineering and Control Technology Branch NIOSH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, MS 2201, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, rkd6@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 283 EP - 298 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 32 IS - 4 SN - 0169-8141, 0169-8141 KW - anti-vibration gloves KW - gloves KW - hand tools KW - musculoskeletal system KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 10000:Ergonomics/Human Factors UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18814749?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Hematology&rft.atitle=ACUTE+LEUKEMIAS+XVI&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2017-02-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Hematology&rft.issn=09395555&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00277-017-2921-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8141(03)00071-4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antiretroviral Therapy-associated Serious and Life-threatening Toxicities. AN - 1859431985; 13678573 AB - In the late 1980s and early 1990s, when HIV/AIDS had become the leading cause of death in 25- to 44-year-old persons in the United States, it was acceptable to prescribe newer antiretroviral therapy such as zidovudine, which has significant bone marrow toxicities but can potentially improve patient survival. Although current antiretroviral therapy is not likely to eradicate HIV-1 infection, the advances in the use of combination antiretroviral therapy (including protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors) have dramatically improved the overall survival, immune status, and productivity of HIV-infected individuals in developed countries. Instead of prevention and treatment of HIV-associated complications, many of the patients" clinic visits are focused on finding strategies to manage and prevent antiretroviral therapy-associated complications. Because only a few HIV-infected persons fulfilling stringent inclusion criteria were included in premarketing clinical trials and because the US Food and Drug Administration"s (FDA) accelerated approval process for antiretroviral therapy requires only 24-week safety and efficacy data, newly emerging and previously unrecognized adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy continue to surface when these drugs are administered to a larger patient population for a longer duration. Unfortunately, some of these adverse effects can be unpredictable and serious, and, if not recognized early and managed aggressively, can lead to fatality. This article reviews four of the most serious, life-threatening toxicities associated with antiretroviral therapy. JF - Current infectious disease reports AU - Pau, Alice K. AD - Clinical Center Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Building 10, Room 1N257, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. apau@niaid.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - October 2003 SP - 429 EP - 438 VL - 5 IS - 5 SN - 1523-3847, 1523-3847 UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1859431985?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+infectious+disease+reports&rft.atitle=Antiretroviral+Therapy-associated+Serious+and+Life-threatening+Toxicities.&rft.au=Pau%2C+Alice+K.&rft.aulast=Pau&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+infectious+disease+reports&rft.issn=15233847&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2003-09-18 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impulsive-Motion Model for Computing the Closing Motion of Mechanical Heart-Valve Leaflets AN - 17585618; 5960083 AB - The speed of mechanical heart-valve leaflets is known to be an important quantity for predicting cavitation, yet no simple computational means exists for predicting the leaflet speed. In this study, a model for simulating the motion of heart-valve leaflets in rigid test systems is presented. The input for the simulations is the ventricular pressure trace, readily measured in heart-valve tests. The model is based upon an impulsive-motion approximation, wherein the motion within the system is produced by rapid acceleration at the boundary, e.g., by a moving piston. A set of quasisteady, linear equations for the pressure field that are decoupled from the leaflet equation of motion is derived. The pressure field and leaflet moment are computed without the need to treat moving boundaries. Model predictions of closing time compared favorably with those measured in a 1994 cavitation study. Computed values of leaflet tip speed were also compared with those of a previous study, at the same value of average pressure slope. The model values were in agreement with measured speeds, given the limitations of using the average pressure slope as a metric for comparison. JF - Annals of Biomedical Engineering AU - Myers, M R AU - Porter, J M AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD, USA Y1 - 2003/10// PY - 2003 DA - Oct 2003 SP - 1031 EP - 1039 VL - 31 IS - 9 SN - 0090-6964, 0090-6964 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Heart KW - Cavitation KW - Computer applications KW - Pressure KW - Mathematics KW - Models KW - W4 130:General Biomedical Engineering: Tools & Techniques KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17585618?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Impulsive-Motion+Model+for+Computing+the+Closing+Motion+of+Mechanical+Heart-Valve+Leaflets&rft.au=Myers%2C+M+R%3BPorter%2C+J+M&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1031&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering&rft.issn=00906964&rft_id=info:doi/10.1114%2F1.1603750 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Pressure; Heart; Models; Mathematics; Cavitation; Computer applications DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.1603750 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Charitable Choice regulations applicable to states receiving Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grants, Projects for Assistance in Transition from Homelessness formula grants, and to public and private providers receiving discretionary grant funding from SAMHSA for the provision of substance abuse services providing for equal treatment of SAMHSA program participants. Final rule. AN - 75727879; 14518496 AB - On December 17, 2002, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) published a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) to implement the Charitable Choice statutory provisions of the Public Health Service Act, applicable to the Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment (SAPT) Block Grant program, the Projects for Assistance in Transition from Homelessness (PATH) formula grant program, insofar as recipients provide substance abuse services, and to SAMHSA discretionary grants for substance abuse treatment or prevention services, which are all administered by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Secretary requested comments on the NPRM and gave 60 days for individuals to submit their written comments to the Department. The Secretary has considered the comments received during the open comment period and is issuing the final regulation in light of those comments. JF - Federal register AU - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, HHS AD - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, HHS Y1 - 2003/09/30/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 30 SP - 56429 EP - 56449 VL - 68 IS - 189 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Employment -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Prejudice KW - Humans KW - Religion KW - Referral and Consultation -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Community Participation -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Local Government KW - Charities -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - State Government KW - Mental Health Services -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Homeless Persons -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - United States Dept. of Health and Human Services -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Public Assistance -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75727879?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Charitable+Choice+regulations+applicable+to+states+receiving+Substance+Abuse+Prevention+and+Treatment+Block+Grants%2C+Projects+for+Assistance+in+Transition+from+Homelessness+formula+grants%2C+and+to+public+and+private+providers+receiving+discretionary+grant+funding+from+SAMHSA+for+the+provision+of+substance+abuse+services+providing+for+equal+treatment+of+SAMHSA+program+participants.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Substance+Abuse+and+Mental+Health+Services+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Substance+Abuse+and+Mental+Health+Services+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2003-09-30&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=189&rft.spage=56429&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Procedure for the quantification of the biomarker (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid in human urine samples. AN - 73632372; 12957179 AB - An accurate and precise procedure was developed for the detection and quantification of (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid (MEAA), a metabolite and biomarker for human exposure to 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol. The compound 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol has a wide array of industrial applications including its use as an additive in military jet fuel. Exposure to 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol is a health concern owing to its toxicity which includes developmental and teratogenic properties. Sample preparation consisted of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and esterification of MEAA to produce the ethyl ester. Measurement was by a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD) using a HP-1 capillary column. Recovery studies of spiked blank urine demonstrated good accuracy and precision; recovery varied between 95 and 103% with relative standard deviations of 8.6% and less. The limit of detection (LOD) for this procedure was found to range from 0.02 to 0.08 microg/ml equivalent levels of MEAA in urine. These data and other aspects of the validation of this procedure will be discussed. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - B'Hymer, C AU - Cheever, K L AU - Butler, M A AU - Brown, K K AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. cbhymer@cdc.org Y1 - 2003/09/25/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 25 SP - 145 EP - 150 VL - 795 IS - 1 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid KW - 0 KW - Acetates KW - Biomarkers KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Chromatography, Gas KW - Humans KW - Reference Standards KW - Biomarkers -- urine KW - Acetates -- urine UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73632372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Procedure+for+the+quantification+of+the+biomarker+%282-methoxyethoxy%29acetic+acid+in+human+urine+samples.&rft.au=B%27Hymer%2C+C%3BCheever%2C+K+L%3BButler%2C+M+A%3BBrown%2C+K+K&rft.aulast=B%27Hymer&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-09-25&rft.volume=795&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=145&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evidence for an enantioselective pumiliotoxin 7-hydroxylase in dendrobatid poison frogs of the genus Dendrobates. AN - 73658456; 12960405 AB - Dendrobatid poison frogs readily accumulate alkaloids from diet into skin, where such compounds serve as a chemical defense against predators. Arthropods seem to be the source of decahydroquinolines (DHQs), several izidines, coccinellines, spiropyrrolizidines, pumiliotoxins (PTXs), and allopumiliotoxins (aPTXs). A DHQ iso-223F, and PTX (+)-251D were fed to poison frogs of the dendrobatid genera Dendrobates, Epipedobates, and Phyllobates. The two alkaloids were accumulated in skin unchanged except for the three species of Dendrobates, where approximately 80% of accumulated PTX (+)-251D was stereoselectively hydroxylated to aPTX (+)-267A. The unnatural enantiomer PTX (-)-251D was accumulated efficiently when fed to Dendrobates auratus, but was not hydroxylated. The enantiomers of PTX 251D and their desmethyl analogs were synthesized from N-Boc-protected (-)- and (+)-proline methyl esters. Both PTX (+)-251D and aPTX (+)-267A proved to be potent convulsants in mice, with (+)-267A being approximately 5-fold more toxic than (+)-251D. Both alkaloids were hyperalgesic at the site of injection. The unnatural PTX (-)-251D caused no overt effect in mice. Thus, the evolutionary development of a pumiliotoxin 7-hydroxylase would have provided frogs of the genus Dendrobates with a means of enhancing the antipredator potency of ingested PTXs. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America AU - Daly, John W AU - Garraffo, H Martin AU - Spande, Thomas F AU - Clark, Valerie C AU - Ma, Jingyuan AU - Ziffer, Herman AU - Cover, John F AD - Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-0820, USA. jdaly@nih.gov Y1 - 2003/09/16/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 16 SP - 11092 EP - 11097 VL - 100 IS - 19 SN - 0027-8424, 0027-8424 KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases KW - EC 1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Stereoisomerism KW - Anura KW - Hydroxylation KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- chemistry KW - Mixed Function Oxygenases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73658456?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+an+enantioselective+pumiliotoxin+7-hydroxylase+in+dendrobatid+poison+frogs+of+the+genus+Dendrobates.&rft.au=Daly%2C+John+W%3BGarraffo%2C+H+Martin%3BSpande%2C+Thomas+F%3BClark%2C+Valerie+C%3BMa%2C+Jingyuan%3BZiffer%2C+Herman%3BCover%2C+John+F&rft.aulast=Daly&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-09-16&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=19&rft.spage=11092&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.issn=00278424&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Med Chem. 1985 Apr;28(4):482-6 [3981541] Science. 1980 Jun 20;208(4450):1383-5 [6246586] J Med Chem. 1988 Feb;31(2):477-80 [2448459] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Feb;85(4):1272-6 [2448797] Biochem Pharmacol. 1990 Jul 15;40(2):315-26 [2165404] J Nat Prod. 1990 Mar-Apr;53(2):407-21 [2380714] Toxicon. 1992 Aug;30(8):887-98 [1523680] Mol Pharmacol. 1992 Dec;42(6):1104-8 [1336116] J Nat Prod. 1993 Mar;56(3):357-73 [8482947] J Nat Prod. 1993 Jul;56(7):1016-38 [8377013] Toxicon. 1994 Jun;32(6):657-63 [7940573] Toxicon. 1997 Jul;35(7):1131-5 [9248011] J Nat Prod. 1998 Jan;61(1):162-72 [9461669] Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2000 Apr;15(1):34-40 [10764533] J Nat Prod. 2001 Apr;64(4):421-7 [11325220] J Nat Prod. 2002 Apr;65(4):439-47 [11975476] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Oct 29;99(22):13996-4001 [12381780] Toxicon. 1978;16(2):163-88 [635931] Toxicon. 1987;25(10):1023-95 [3321567] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structural Evidence for Iron-free Citrate and Ferric Citrate Binding to the TonB-dependent Outer Membrane Transporter FecA AN - 18871959; 5726530 AB - Escherichia coli possesses a TonB-dependent transport system, which exploits the iron-binding capacity of citrate and its natural abundance. Here, we describe three structures of the outer membrane ferric citrate transporter FecA: unliganded and complexed with iron-free or diferric dicitrate. We show the structural mechanism for discrimination between the iron-free and ferric siderophore: the binding of diferric dicitrate, but not iron-free dicitrate alone, causes major conformational rearrangements in the transporter. The structure of FecA bound with iron-free dicitrate represents the first structure of a TonB-dependent transporter bound with an iron-free siderophore. Binding of diferric dicitrate to FecA results in changes in the orientation of the two citrate ions relative to each other and in their interactions with FecA, compared to the binding of iron-free dicitrate. The changes in ligand binding are accompanied by conformational changes in three areas of FecA: two extracellular loops, one plug domain loop and the periplasmic TonB-box motif. The positional and conformational changes in the siderophore and transporter initiate two independent events: ferric citrate transport into the periplasm and transcription induction of the fecABCDE transport genes. From these data, we propose a two-step ligand recognition event: FecA binds iron-free dicitrate in the non-productive state or first step, followed by siderophore displacement to form the transport-competent, diferric dicitrate-bound state in the second step. JF - Journal of Molecular Biology AU - Yue, W W AU - Grizot, S AU - Buchanan, S K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, skbuchan@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/09/12/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 12 SP - 353 EP - 368 VL - 332 IS - 2 SN - 0022-2836, 0022-2836 KW - FecA protein KW - TonB protein KW - siderophores KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02727:Amino acids, peptides and proteins UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18871959?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.atitle=Structural+Evidence+for+Iron-free+Citrate+and+Ferric+Citrate+Binding+to+the+TonB-dependent+Outer+Membrane+Transporter+FecA&rft.au=Yue%2C+W+W%3BGrizot%2C+S%3BBuchanan%2C+S+K&rft.aulast=Yue&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-09-12&rft.volume=332&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Molecular+Biology&rft.issn=00222836&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-2836%2803%2900855-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00855-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro assessment of tissue heating near metallic medical implants by exposure to pulsed radio frequency diathermy. AN - 75725452; 14516109 AB - A patient with bilateral implanted neurostimulators suffered significant brain tissue damage, and subsequently died, following diathermy treatment to hasten recovery from teeth extraction. Subsequent MRI examinations showed acute deterioration of the tissue near the deep brain stimulator (DBS) lead's electrodes which was attributed to excessive tissue heating induced by the diathermy treatment. Though not published in the open literature, a second incident was reported for a patient with implanted neurostimulators for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. During a diathermy treatment for severe kyphosis, the patient had a sudden change in mental status and neurological deficits. The diathermy was implicated in causing damage to the patient's brain tissue. To investigate if diathermy induced excessive heating was possible with other types of implantable lead systems, or metallic implants in general, we conducted a series of in vitro laboratory tests. We obtained a diathermy unit and also assembled a controllable laboratory exposure system. Specific absorption rate (SAR) measurements were performed using fibre optic thermometry in proximity to the implants to determine the rate of temperature rise using typical diathermy treatment power levels. Comparisons were made of the SAR measurements for a spinal cord stimulator (SCS) lead, a pacemaker lead and three types of bone prosthesis (screws, rods and a plate). Findings indicate that temperature changes of 2.54 and 4.88 degrees C s(-1) with corresponding SAR values of 9129 and 17,563 W kg(-1) near the SCS and pacemaker electrodes are significantly higher than those found in the proximity of the other metallic implants which ranged from 0.04 to 0.69 degrees C s(-1) (129 to 2471 W kg(-1)). Since the DBS leads that were implanted in the reported human incidents have one-half the electrode surface area of the tested SCS lead, these results imply that tissue heating at rates at least equal to or up to twice as much as those reported here for the SCS lead could occur for the DBS leads. JF - Physics in medicine and biology AU - Ruggera, P S AU - Witters, D M AU - von Maltzahn, G AU - Bassen, H I AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, HFZ-133, 9200 Corporate Blvd., Rockville, MD 20850, USA. psr@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/09/07/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 07 SP - 2919 EP - 2928 VL - 48 IS - 17 SN - 0031-9155, 0031-9155 KW - Metals KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Pacemaker, Artificial KW - Electric Wiring KW - Relative Biological Effectiveness KW - Radiation Protection -- methods KW - Humans KW - Radio Waves KW - Diathermy KW - Body Temperature -- radiation effects KW - Hot Temperature KW - Energy Transfer -- physiology KW - Radiometry -- methods KW - Metals -- radiation effects KW - Prostheses and Implants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75725452?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+in+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+assessment+of+tissue+heating+near+metallic+medical+implants+by+exposure+to+pulsed+radio+frequency+diathermy.&rft.au=Ruggera%2C+P+S%3BWitters%2C+D+M%3Bvon+Maltzahn%2C+G%3BBassen%2C+H+I&rft.aulast=Ruggera&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-09-07&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=17&rft.spage=2919&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physics+in+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00319155&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Office-based practice and opioid-use disorders. AN - 73622846; 12954740 JF - The New England journal of medicine AU - Clark, H Westley AD - Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Md., USA. Y1 - 2003/09/04/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 04 SP - 928 EP - 930 VL - 349 IS - 10 KW - Narcotic Antagonists KW - 0 KW - Naloxone KW - 36B82AMQ7N KW - Buprenorphine KW - 40D3SCR4GZ KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Drug and Narcotic Control KW - Humans KW - Naloxone -- chemistry KW - Buprenorphine -- chemistry KW - Buprenorphine -- therapeutic use KW - Narcotic Antagonists -- therapeutic use KW - Naloxone -- therapeutic use KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- drug therapy KW - Ambulatory Care UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73622846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.atitle=Office-based+practice+and+opioid-use+disorders.&rft.au=Clark%2C+H+Westley&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=H&rft.date=2003-09-04&rft.volume=349&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=928&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.issn=1533-4406&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 4;349(10):949-58 [12954743] N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 4;349(10):975-86 [12954747] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The ecology and harvest potential of titica vine roots (Heteropsis flexuosa: Araceae) in the eastern Brazilian Amazon AN - 18872494; 5725774 AB - Aerial roots from hemiepiphytic Heteropsis (Araceae) vines have long been used in Amazonia as a strong flexible material in construction and making handicrafts. Commercial demand for this product known in Brazil as 'titica' has increased in recent decades for making wicker furniture. We conducted inventories, harvests and experimental root cutting in the Alto Rio GuamaIndigenous Reserve in the eastern Brazilian Amazon to investigate several aspects of titica ecology, root biology, and harvest impact to estimate root harvest potential in a range of intact and disturbed forest areas. The average density of host trees with titica roots in relatively undisturbed upland 'terra firme' plots with light to moderate forest use was 371 trees/ha with 115 of these having commercially harvestable roots. These areas had an average of 0.9 commercially harvestable roots and 2.4 non-harvestable roots per host tree generating a titica root density of 1332 roots/ha with 26% of these being commercially harvestable. Titica plants did not show a positive preference for particular types of host trees, but the number of titica roots per host tree did increase with host tree size. The vines were virtually absent from forest areas subject to periodic flooding, a common palm tree found near small streams, and on pioneer tree species in patches of secondary forest recovering from a fire that occurred almost 20 years ago. Experimental cutting of mature titica roots showed that harvesting can have a severe impact on root survival. In the two treatments, where at least half of mature titica roots per host tree were cut 4m above the ground, an average of 63% cut roots died and only 16% showed some regrowth after 7 months. The roots that did start to grow back had an average of 1.7 new roots arising from them, but each cut root had only one commercial quality root to replace it. These commercial quality roots were growing at an average of 220cm per host tree per year. The high mortality and slow regrowth following root harvest indicate that many decades will be needed in between intensive titica harvests in one area. Options for managing titica harvests include reducing the percentage of roots removed per plant, setting up blocks of forest that would be harvested in succession, and in some cases integrating titica harvests into long-term timber cutting cycles. JF - Forest Ecology and Management AU - Plowden, C AU - Uhl, C AU - Oliveira, FdA AD - Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Penn State University, 308 Kern Building, University Park, PA 16802 USA, campbellplowden@psualum.com Y1 - 2003/09/03/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Sep 03 SP - 59 EP - 73 PB - Elsevier Science B.V. VL - 182 IS - 1-3 SN - 0378-1127, 0378-1127 KW - Ecology Abstracts KW - D 04700:Management UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18872494?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.atitle=The+ecology+and+harvest+potential+of+titica+vine+roots+%28Heteropsis+flexuosa%3A+Araceae%29+in+the+eastern+Brazilian+Amazon&rft.au=Plowden%2C+C%3BUhl%2C+C%3BOliveira%2C+FdA&rft.aulast=Plowden&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-09-03&rft.volume=182&rft.issue=1-3&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Forest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.issn=03781127&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1127%2803%2900030-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00030-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Development of a flow-injection fluorescence method for estimation of total polycyclic aromatic compounds in asphalt fumes. AN - 75750194; 14521431 AB - Traditionally, measurements of specific polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) have been attempted as an estimate of asphalt fume exposure. However, asphalt fumes contain numerous alkyl substituted PACs, including PACs containing heteroatoms of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Many of these compounds coelute precluding the resolution of the individual compounds resulting in ambiguous data. Moreover, many researchers believe that some observed health hazards are associated with PACs overall and not just a few select PACs. Therefore, NIOSH method 5800 was developed to evaluate total PACs as a chemical class in asphalt fumes. Asphalt fume samples were collected on a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) filter backed by an XAD-2 sorbent tube. The samples were extracted with hexane; then, a cyano-solid-phase-extraction column was used to remove the polar compounds while the aliphatic and aromatic compounds were eluted with hexane. An equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to the hexane extract, causing the aromatic compounds to partition into the DMSO, thus isolating the PACs. The PACs were then analyzed for fluorescence using a flow-injection method with two fluorescence detectors. Wavelength settings for the first detector (254-nm excitation, 370-nm emission) emphasized the 2- to 4-ring PACs that may cause eye and respiratory tract irritation. Wavelength settings of the second detector (254-nm excitation, 400-nm emission) emphasized the 4- and higher-ring PACs that are often mutagenic and possibly carcinogenic. JF - AIHA journal : a journal for the science of occupational and environmental health and safety AU - Neumeister, Charles E AU - Olsen, Larry D AU - Dollberg, Donald D AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Division of Applied Research and Technology, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 618 EP - 624 VL - 64 IS - 5 SN - 1542-8117, 1542-8117 KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Fluorescence KW - Hydrocarbons -- chemistry KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75750194?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Detection+of+paralytic+shellfish+poison+by+rapid+cell+bioassay%3A+antagonism+of+voltage-gated+sodium+channel+active+toxins+in+vitro.&rft.au=Manger%2C+Ronald+L%3BLeja%2C+Linda+S%3BLee%2C+Sue+Y%3BHungerford%2C+James+M%3BKirkpatrick%2C+Mary+Ann%3BYasumoto%2C+Takeshi%3BWekell%2C+Marleen+M&rft.aulast=Manger&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=540&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-04 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Decreased frequency and highly aberrant spectrum of ultraviolet-induced mutations in the hprt gene of mouse fibroblasts expressing antisense RNA to DNA polymerase zeta. AN - 75737681; 14517346 AB - In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DNA polymerase zeta (pol zeta) is responsible for the great majority of mutations generated during error-prone translesion replication of DNA that contains UV-induced lesions. The catalytic subunit of pol zeta is encoded by the Rev3 gene. The orthologue of Rev3 has been cloned from higher eukaryotic cells, including human, but its role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis remains obscure. Investigation into the cellular function of pol zeta has been hindered by the fact that Rev3 knockout mice do not survive beyond midgestation, and embryonic stem cells used to derive these mice are not genetically stable. We have generated a transgenic mouse that expresses antisense RNA transcripts to mRev3 endogeneous RNA. These mice are viable, have greatly reduced levels of Rev3 transcript, and have reduced levels of B cells and impaired development of high-affinity memory B cells. Here, we report that exposure of fibroblasts derived from these mice to UV resulted in a 4-5-fold reduction in mutant frequency at the hprt locus at every dose examined, and the mutation spectrum was highly aberrant compared with the control cells. In the control cells, 80% of the mutations were transitions and approximately 75% of these arose from photoproducts in the putative leading strand template. Strikingly, in transgenic cells, most of the mutations were transversions and there was a complete loss of strand bias. This mutation spectrum is highly aberrant and is similar to that induced by UV in human xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells, which lack polymerase eta. These data indicate that most UV-induced mutations are dependent on DNA pol zeta, a function that has been conserved from yeast to higher eukaryotic cells. However, in mammalian cells, other DNA polymerase(s) may accomplish error-prone translesion replication and are responsible for residual UV mutagenesis observed in the absence of pol zeta. Further, these data support a central role for DNA polymerase eta in the error-free bypass of UV photoproducts. The antisense Rev3 mice should be a useful model to study mutagenic lesion bypass by pol zeta in mammalian cells and to investigate the role this polymerase plays in carcinogenesis. JF - Molecular cancer research : MCR AU - Diaz, Marilyn AU - Watson, Nicholas B AU - Turkington, Gene AU - Verkoczy, Laurent K AU - Klinman, Norman R AU - McGregor, William Glenn AD - Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 836 EP - 847 VL - 1 IS - 11 SN - 1541-7786, 1541-7786 KW - RNA, Antisense KW - 0 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - DNA polymerase zeta KW - EC 2.7.7.- KW - Rev3 protein, mouse KW - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase KW - EC 2.7.7.7 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Humans KW - Transgenes KW - Mutation -- genetics KW - Mice KW - Cell Survival -- radiation effects KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Cell Cycle -- radiation effects KW - Fibroblasts KW - DNA Damage -- drug effects KW - Mutagenesis -- radiation effects KW - Ultraviolet Rays KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - RNA, Antisense -- genetics KW - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase -- genetics KW - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75737681?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Disaster+Medicine&rft.atitle=Medical+Preparedness+and+Response+to+Terrorism+with+Biological+and+Chemical+Agents+-+Present+Status+in+USA&rft.au=Noji%2C+E+K&rft.aulast=Noji&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Disaster+Medicine&rft.issn=15031438&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-06-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pancreatitis associated with atypical antipsychotics: from the Food and Drug Administration's MedWatch surveillance system and published reports. AN - 75728433; 14524644 AB - To investigate the relative numbers and clinical characteristics of pancreatitis in patients treated with the atypical antipsychotic agents, clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone, versus the conventional neuroleptic, haloperidol. Pharmacovigilance study of pooled, spontaneously reported adverse events. Government-affiliated drug evaluation center. One hundred ninety-two patients who developed pancreatitis during treatment with one or more antipsychotic agents. Patients were identified with the Food and Drug Administration's MedWatch surveillance program and a MEDLINE search. Most cases of pancreatitis occurred within 6 months after the start of therapy with one or more antipsychotic agents. Of the reports of pancreatitis occurring in conjunction with these drugs, 40%, 33%, 16%, and 12% were in patients receiving treatment with clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and haloperidol, respectively. In 50% of the patients receiving haloperidol, an atypical antipsychotic was listed as a concomitant drug. Valproate was administered concomitantly in 23% of patients. Hyperglycemia and acidosis, although uncommon, developed with all the drugs except haloperidol. Twenty-two patients died. In contrast to patients who developed pancreatitis while receiving an atypical antipsychotic, those who developed the disease while receiving haloperidol were women and tended to be older. The number of reports involving the three atypical antipsychotic agents and the relative paucity of reports involving haloperidol, despite its more extensive patient exposure, suggest that atypical antipsychotics may precipitate pancreatitis. However, the risk may not be the same with all agents; pancreatitis was reported most frequently with clozapine, followed by olanzapine, and then risperidone. The temporal relationship of the onset of pancreatitis with the start of drug therapy further supports a cause-and-effect relationship. JF - Pharmacotherapy AU - Koller, Elizabeth A AU - Cross, James T AU - Doraiswamy, P Murali AU - Malozowski, Saul N AD - Division of Metabolic and Endocrine Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Review, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 1123 EP - 1130 VL - 23 IS - 9 SN - 0277-0008, 0277-0008 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Pancreatitis -- epidemiology KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Pancreatitis -- chemically induced KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75728433?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=Pancreatitis+associated+with+atypical+antipsychotics%3A+from+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration%27s+MedWatch+surveillance+system+and+published+reports.&rft.au=Koller%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BCross%2C+James+T%3BDoraiswamy%2C+P+Murali%3BMalozowski%2C+Saul+N&rft.aulast=Koller&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1123&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacotherapy&rft.issn=02770008&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-10-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of polypropylene film as a barrier to migration from recycled paperboard packaging to fatty and high-moisture food. AN - 73668568; 13129783 AB - The capability of a polypropylene (PP) film barrier to prevent migration of residual contaminants from recycled paperboard into food simulants was studied. Anthracene, benzophenone, methyl stearate and pentachlorophenol were chosen as chemical surrogates to represent classes of contaminants likely to be found in recycled paper/paperboard. Each surrogate was spiked into a test specimen made of seven thin virgin paper layers at concentrations of 1-50 mg kg(-1). Test specimen were dried, stacked and sandwiched with PP films, laminated with PP film and then subjected to migration experiments using a compression cell maintained at 100 degrees C for 2 h. The concentration of the surrogates in the test specimen and in 95% ethanol, isopropanol and 10% ethanol food-simulating solvents was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization and electron capture detection. The results show that although the concentrations of the surrogates in the food simulants decreased with an increase in PP film thickness, they were still high and generally resulted in dietary concentrations >0.5 microg kg(-1), the level that US Food and Drug Administration would equate with negligible risk for a contaminant migrating from food packaging. Only at the lowest spiking level (1 mg kg(-1) benzophenone) did migration from the paperboard through a 0.127-mm PP film result in a dietary concentration of adenine similar to thymine. Identification of the entire set of DHP-derived DNA adducts further validates the conclusion that riddelliine is a genotoxic carcinogen and enhances the applicability of these biomarkers for assessing carcinogenic risks from exposure to pyrrolizidine alkaloids. JF - Chemical Research in Toxicology AU - Chou, M W AU - Jian, Y AU - Williams, L D AU - Xia, Q AU - Churchwell, M AU - Doerge AU - Fu, P P AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - September 2003 SP - 1130 EP - 1137 PB - American Chemical Society, P.O. Box 182426 Columbus OH 43218-2426 USA, [mailto:service@acs.org] VL - 16 IS - 9 SN - 0893-228X, 0893-228X KW - riddelliine KW - riddelline KW - Biochemistry Abstracts 2: Nucleic Acids; Toxicology Abstracts KW - DNA adducts KW - DNA damage KW - Alkaloids KW - Liver KW - Carcinogens KW - Tumors KW - N 14630:Chemical reactions & interactions, including effects of radiation KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18876111?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemical+Research+in+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Identification+of+DNA+Adducts+Derived+from+Riddelliine%2C+a+Carcinogenic+Pyrrolizidine+Alkaloid&rft.au=Steenland%2C+Kyle%3BBurnett%2C+Carol%3BLalich%2C+Nina%3BWard%2C+Elizabeth%3BHurrell%2C+Joseph&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=461&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-05-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - DNA damage; DNA adducts; Alkaloids; Liver; Tumors; Carcinogens DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx030018y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Antibodies to 23 Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides AN - 18875051; 5707916 AB - We describe a fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay (FCMIA) method for the simultaneous (multiplexed) measurement of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to 23 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PnPS) serotypes present in the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) licensed by the Food and Drug Administration, i.e., PnPSs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 23F, and 33F. In addition, the assay incorporates an internal control that allows for contemporaneous evaluation of the effectiveness of pneumococcal cell wall polysaccharide (C-PS) preadsorption and a second control of PnPS 25 (which is not present in any polysaccharide or conjugate vaccine), which can be used to evaluate interassay reproducibility (useful for pre- versus postvaccination studies). The FCMIA was standardized with U.S. reference antipneumococcal serotype standard serum 89S-2. Preadsorption of 89S-2 with each PnPS and C-PS yielded homologous inhibition for serotypes 1, 6B, 9N, 9V, 11A, 12F,14, 15B, 18C, 19A, 19F, 20, 22F, 25, and 33F; heterologous inhibition for serotypes 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 15B, 17F, 20, and 23F; and neither homologous nor heterologous inhibition for serotypes 2, 3, 4, and 5. The minimum detectable concentrations for the 24 multiplexed (PnPS and C-PS) FCMIAs ranged from 20 pg/ml for PnPS 3 to 600 pg/ml for PnPS 14. The PnPS FCMIA method has numerous benefits over enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays commonly used to measure anti-PnPS-specific IgG levels, including increased speed, smaller sample volumes, equivalent or better sensitivity, and increased dynamic range. JF - Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology AU - Biagini, R E AU - Schlottmann, SA AU - Sammons, D L AU - Smith, J P AU - Snawder, J C AU - Striley, CAF AU - MacKenzie, BA AU - Weissman, D N AD - Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS-C26, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, reb4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 744 EP - 750 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 10 IS - 5 SN - 1071-412X, 1071-412X KW - polysaccharides KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - J 02831:Techniques and reagents KW - F 06721:Immunofluorescence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18875051?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.atitle=Method+for+Simultaneous+Measurement+of+Antibodies+to+23+Pneumococcal+Capsular+Polysaccharides&rft.au=Biagini%2C+R+E%3BSchlottmann%2C+SA%3BSammons%2C+D+L%3BSmith%2C+J+P%3BSnawder%2C+J+C%3BStriley%2C+CAF%3BMacKenzie%2C+BA%3BWeissman%2C+D+N&rft.aulast=Biagini&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=744&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+and+Diagnostic+Laboratory+Immunology&rft.issn=1071412X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FCDLI.10.5.744-750.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.744-750.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Use of endogenous host plasmids for generation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Shigella sonnei strains that stably express the green fluorescent protein AN - 18871963; 5726858 AB - The gfp gene was manipulated from a commercially available, high copy vector into endogenous plasmids of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Shigella sonnei to yield stable GFP strains that required neither high copy number for visualization nor antibiotics for stable maintenance of the phenotype. The GFP phenotype of these strains remained stable after repeated passages in media and conditions that enhance plasmid instability and loss from bacterial cells. These results demonstrate the utility of the endogenous plasmids in selectively marking bacteria without altering host cellular function or biochemical properties. JF - Plasmid AU - Monday AU - Weagant, S D AU - Feng, P AD - Division of Microbiological Studies, U.S. FDA, HFS-516, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, USA, smonday@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 161 EP - 167 VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 0147-619X, 0147-619X KW - GFP gene KW - gfp gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Genetics Abstracts KW - Shigella sonnei KW - Escherichia coli KW - Green fluorescent protein KW - Plasmids KW - J 02760:Plasmids KW - G 07203:Plasmids UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18871963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Environmental+Agricultural+Tractor+Cab+Filter+Efficiency+and+Field+Evaluation&rft.au=Heitbrink%2C+WA%3BMoyer%2C+E+S%3BJensen%2C+P+A%3BMartin%2C+SB+Jr%3BWatkins%2C+D+S&rft.aulast=Heitbrink&rft.aufirst=WA&rft.date=2003-05-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1202%2F1542-8125%282003%2964%3C394%3AEAT... LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-24 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Green fluorescent protein; Plasmids; Shigella sonnei; Escherichia coli DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0147-619X(03)00057-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Aquatic Bacteria: Quality Control Disk Diffusion Ranges for Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida ATCC 33658 at 22 and 28 degree C AN - 18868501; 5707285 AB - Quality control (QC) ranges for disk diffusion susceptibility testing of aquatic bacterial isolates were proposed as a result of a multilaboratory study conducted according to procedures established by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Ranges were proposed for Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida ATCC 33658 at 22 and 28 degree C for nine different antimicrobial agents (ampicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline, ormetoprim-sulfadimethoxine, and trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole). All tests were conducted on standard Mueller-Hinton agar. With [>=] 95% of all data points fitting within the proposed QC ranges, the results from this study comply with NCCLS guidelines and have been accepted by the NCCLS Subcommittee for Veterinary Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. These QC guidelines will permit greater accuracy in interpreting results and, for the first time, the ability to reliably compare susceptibility test data between aquatic animal disease diagnostic laboratories. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Miller, R A AU - Walker, R D AU - Baya, A AU - Clemens, K AU - Coles, M AU - Hawke, J P AU - Henricson, B E AU - Hsu, H M AU - Mathers, J J AU - Oaks, J L AU - Papapetropoulou, M AU - Reimschuessel, R AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, HFV530, 8401 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, RMiller1@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 4318 EP - 4323 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 9 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02795:Antibiotic resistance UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18868501?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial+Susceptibility+Testing+of+Aquatic+Bacteria%3A+Quality+Control+Disk+Diffusion+Ranges+for+Escherichia+coli+ATCC+25922+and+Aeromonas+salmonicida+subsp.+salmonicida+ATCC+33658+at+22+and+28+degree+C&rft.au=Miller%2C+R+A%3BWalker%2C+R+D%3BBaya%2C+A%3BClemens%2C+K%3BColes%2C+M%3BHawke%2C+J+P%3BHenricson%2C+B+E%3BHsu%2C+H+M%3BMathers%2C+J+J%3BOaks%2C+J+L%3BPapapetropoulou%2C+M%3BReimschuessel%2C+R&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4318&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.9.4318-4323.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.9.4318-4323.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Microarray-Based Identification of Thermophilic Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis AN - 18866808; 5707322 AB - DNA microarrays are an excellent potential tool for clinical microbiology, since this technology allows relatively rapid identification and characterization of microbial and viral pathogens. In the present study, an oligonucleotide microarray was developed and used for the analysis of thermophilic Campylobacter spp., the primary food-borne pathogen in the United States. We analyzed four Campylobacter species: Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis. Our assay relies on the PCR amplification of specific regions in five target genes (fur, glyA, cdtABC, ceuB-C, and fliY) as a first step, followed by microarray-based analysis of amplified DNAs. Alleles of two genes, fur and glyA, which are found in all tested thermophilic Campylobacter spp., were used for identification and discrimination among four bacterial species, the ceuB-C gene was used for discrimination between C. jejuni and C. coli, and the fliY and cdt genes were used as additional genetic markers specific either for C. upsaliensis and C. lari or for C. jejuni. The array was developed and validated by using 51 previously characterized Campylobacter isolates. All isolates were unambiguously identified on the basis of hybridization patterns with 72 individual species-specific oligoprobes. Microarray identification of C. jejuni and C. coli was confirmed by PCR amplification of other genes used for identification (hipO and ask). Our results demonstrate that oligonucleotide microarrays are suitable for rapid and accurate simultaneous differentiation among C. jejuni, C. coli, C. lari, and C. upsaliensis. JF - Journal of Clinical Microbiology AU - Volokhov, D AU - Chizhikov, V AU - Chumakov, K AU - Rasooly, A AD - Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740-3835, axr@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 4071 EP - 4080 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 41 IS - 9 SN - 0095-1137, 0095-1137 KW - DNA microarrays KW - ask gene KW - hipO gene KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02704:Enumeration UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18866808?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Microarray-Based+Identification+of+Thermophilic+Campylobacter+jejuni%2C+C.+coli%2C+C.+lari%2C+and+C.+upsaliensis&rft.au=Volokhov%2C+D%3BChizhikov%2C+V%3BChumakov%2C+K%3BRasooly%2C+A&rft.aulast=Volokhov&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=4071&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Clinical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00951137&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FJCM.41.9.4071-4080.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.41.9.4071-4080.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of environmental Escherichia coli isolates for virulence genes using the TaqMan super( registered ) PCR system AN - 18865616; 5715419 AB - To assess the presence of virulence genes in environmental and foodborne Escherichia coli isolates using the TaqMan super( registered ) PCR system. Three TaqMan pathogen detection kits called O157:H7, StxI and StxII were used to investigate the presence of virulence genes in Escherichia coli isolates. All 54 foodborne E. coli O157:H7 isolates showed expected results using these kits. Ninety (15%) of 604 environmental isolates gave positive amplification with an O157:H7-specific kit. TaqMan PCR amplification products from these 90 isolates were analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis, and 90% (81 of 90) of the environmental samples contained the expected PCR product. Sixty-six of these 90 were chosen for serotyping tests and only 35% (23 of 66) showed agglutination with both anti-O157 and anti-H7 antibodies. Further ribotyping of 16 sero-positive isolates in an automated Riboprinter super( registered ) did not identify these to be O157:H7. Multiplex PCR with primers for eaeA, stxI and stxII genes was used to confirm the TaqMan results in 10 selected environmental isolates. All three TaqMan pathogen detection kits were useful for virulence gene analysis of prescreened foodborne O157:H7 isolates, while the O157:H7-specific kit may not be suitable for virulence gene analysis of environmental E. coli isolates, because of high false positive identification. The ability to rapidly identify the presence of pathogenic E. coli in food or environmental samples is essential to avert outbreaks. These results are of importance to microbiologists seeking to use TaqMan PCR to rapidly identify pathogenic E. coli in environmental samples. Furthermore, serotyping may not be a reliable method for identification of O157:H7 strains. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Davis, K AU - Nakatsu, C AU - Turco, R AU - Weagant, S AU - Bhunia, A AD - Department of Food Science, Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory and Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, and US Food and Drug Administration, Pacific Regional Laboratory Northwest, Bothell, WA, USA, bhuniaa@foodsci.purdue.edu Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 612 EP - 620 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 95 IS - 3 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18865616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+biology+%3A+CB&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+preferential+mismatch+repair+of+lagging+strand+DNA+replication+errors+in+yeast.&rft.au=Pavlov%2C+Youri+I%3BMian%2C+Ibrahim+M%3BKunkel%2C+Thomas+A&rft.aulast=Pavlov&rft.aufirst=Youri&rft.date=2003-04-29&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=744&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Current+biology+%3A+CB&rft.issn=09609822&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.02023.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Nonoperative Management of Functional Hallux Limitus in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis AN - 17970010; 5912398 AB - Background and Purpose. Functional hallux limitus (FHL) is a condition that affects motion at the first metatarsophalangeal joint and may lead to abnormal forefoot plantar pressures, pain, and difficulty with ambulation. The purpose of this case report is to describe a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and FHL who was managed with foot orthoses, footwear, shoe modifications, and patient education. Case Description. The patient was a 55-year-old woman diagnosed with seropositive RA 10 years previously. Her chief complaint was bilateral foot pain, particularly under the left great toe. Her foot pain had been present for several years, but during the past 5 months it had intensified and interfered with her work performance, activities of daily living, and social life. Outcomes. Following 4 sessions of physical therapy over a 6-week time period, the patient reported complete relief of forefoot pain despite no change in medication use or RA disease pathophysiology. She was able to continuously walk for up to 4 hours. Left hallux peak plantar pressures were reduced from 43 N/cm super(2) to 18 N/cm super(2) with the foot orthoses. Discussion. Patients with RA who develop FHL may benefit from physical therapist management using semirigid foot orthoses, footwear, shoe modifications, and patient education. JF - Physical Therapy AU - Shrader, JA AU - Siegel, K L AD - Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892-1604, USA, joseph_shrader@nih.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 831 EP - 843 PB - American Physical Therapy Association VL - 83 IS - 9 SN - 0031-9023, 0031-9023 KW - Physical Education Index KW - Feet KW - Physical therapy KW - Arthritis KW - Social behavior KW - Shoes KW - Joints KW - PE 110:Physical Therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17970010?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physical+Therapy&rft.atitle=Nonoperative+Management+of+Functional+Hallux+Limitus+in+a+Patient+With+Rheumatoid+Arthritis&rft.au=Shrader%2C+JA%3BSiegel%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Shrader&rft.aufirst=JA&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=83&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=831&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physical+Therapy&rft.issn=00319023&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Physical therapy; Arthritis; Shoes; Feet; Joints; Social behavior ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic Influences in Individual Susceptibility to Noise: A Review AN - 17586917; 6468513 AB - Individual animals and humans show differing susceptibility to noise damage even under very carefully controlled exposure conditions. This difference in susceptibility may be related to unknown genetic components. Common experimental animals (rats, guinea pigs, chinchillas, cats) are outbred-their genomes contain an admixture of many genes. Many mouse strains have been inbred over many generations reducing individual variability, making them ideal candidates for studying the genetic modulation of individual susceptibility. Erway et al. (1993) demonstrated a recessive gene associated with early presbycusis in the C57BL/6J inbred mouse. A series of studies have shown that mice homozygous for Ahl allele are more sensitive to the damaging effects of noise. Recent work has shown that mice homozygous for Ahl are not only more sensitive to noise, but also are probably damaged in a different manner by noise than mice containing the wild-type gene. Recent work in Noben-Trauth's lab has shown that the wild-type Ahl gene codes for a hair cell specific cadherin. Cadherins are calcium dependent proteins that hold cells together at adherins junctions to form tissues and organs. The cadherin of interest named otocadherin or CDH23, is localized to the stereocillia of the outer hair cells. Our working hypothesis, suggests that otocadherin may form the lateral links between stereocilia described by Pickles et al (1989). Reduction of, or missing otocadherin weakens the cell and may allow stereocilia to be more easily physically damaged by loud sounds and by aging. JF - Noise and Health AU - Davis, R R AU - Kozel, P AU - Erway, L C AD - Hearing Loss Prevention Section, Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, rrd1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 19 EP - 28 VL - 5 IS - 20 SN - 1463-1741, 1463-1741 KW - Rodents KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Animals KW - Calcium KW - Pollution effects KW - Genetics KW - Noise pollution KW - Mice KW - Organs KW - Reviews KW - Proteins KW - Rodentia KW - P 7000:NOISE KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17586917?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Noise+and+Health&rft.atitle=Genetic+Influences+in+Individual+Susceptibility+to+Noise%3A+A+Review&rft.au=Davis%2C+R+R%3BKozel%2C+P%3BErway%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Noise+and+Health&rft.issn=14631741&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Rodentia; Mice; Noise pollution; Genetics; Pollution effects; Organs; Calcium; Reviews; Proteins; Animals ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Genetic and phenotypic analysis of reassortants of high growth and low growth strains of influenza B virus AN - 1500781946; 19045902 AB - The yield of influenza virus in eggs is critical to influenza vaccine production and availability, but the contribution of specific genes to the growth properties of influenza B viruses is not well understood. Influenza B/Beijing/184/93 and B/Shangdong/7/97 were chosen for study because B/Shangdong/7/97 replicated to several fold higher titers in eggs than B/Beijing/184/93 as demonstrated by hemagglutination titers and EID50. A reassortant with the , and genes from B/Beijing/184/93 and all other genes from B/Shangdong/7/97 had the high growth phenotype of B/Shangdong/7/97 in eggs, which suggests that , , , or , or a combination of these genes derived from B/Shangdong/7/97were needed for the high growth phenotype of the reassortants. A high degree of homology was found among the genetic sequences of B/Beijing/184/93, B/Shangdong/7/97, and other influenza B viruses. However, differences potentially related to growth characteristics were suggested by analysis of the deduced amino acid (AA) sequences of four genes: (, ), (), (, ) and . The studies identify multiple genes that may affect growth of influenza B viruses in eggs. JF - Vaccine AU - Vodeiko, G M AU - McInnis, J AU - Chizhikov, V AU - Levandowski, R A AD - Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics and Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rm. 1D22, Bldg. 29A, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, USA Y1 - 2003/09// PY - 2003 DA - Sep 2003 SP - 3867 EP - 3874 PB - Elsevier B.V., The Boulevard Kidlington Oxford OX5 1GB United Kingdom VL - 21 IS - 25 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Genetics Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - China, People's Rep., Beijing KW - Influenza B KW - Amino acids KW - Viruses KW - Hemagglutination KW - Eggs KW - Influenza B virus KW - Influenza KW - Growth KW - Influenza virus KW - Homology KW - Vaccines KW - G 07880:Human Genetics KW - F 06905:Vaccines KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs KW - V 22310:Genetics, Taxonomy & Structure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1500781946?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Genetic+and+phenotypic+analysis+of+reassortants+of+high+growth+and+low+growth+strains+of+influenza+B+virus&rft.au=Vodeiko%2C+G+M%3BMcInnis%2C+J%3BChizhikov%2C+V%3BLevandowski%2C+R+A&rft.aulast=Vodeiko&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-09-01&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=25&rft.spage=3867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0264-410X%2803%2900312-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2014-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2014-07-10 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Influenza; Influenza B; Homology; Vaccines; Hemagglutination; Eggs; Growth; Amino acids; Viruses; Influenza virus; Influenza B virus; China, People's Rep., Beijing DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(03)00312-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Estimation of k for the poly-k test with application to animal carcinogenicity studies. AN - 73470828; 12898548 AB - This paper extends the survival-adjusted Cochran-Armitage test in order to achieve improved robustness to a variety of tumour onset distributions. The Cochran-Armitage test is routinely applied for detecting a linear trend in the incidence of a tumour of interest across dose groups. To improve the robustness to the effects of differential mortality across groups, Bailer and Portier introduced the poly-3 test by a survival adjustment using a fractional weighting scheme for subjects not at full risk of tumour development. The performance of the poly-3 test depends on how closely it represents the correct specification of the time-at-risk weight in the data. Bailer and Portier further suggested that this test can be improved by using a general k reflecting the shape of the tumour onset distribution. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate k by equating the empirical lifetime tumour incidence rate obtained from the data based on the fractional weighting scheme to a separately estimated cumulative lifetime tumour incidence rate. This poly-k test with the statistically estimated k appears to perform better than the poly-3 test which is conducted without prior knowledge of the tumour onset distribution. Our simulation shows that the proposed method improves the robustness to various tumour onset distributions in addition to the robustness to the effects of mortality achieved by the poly-3 test. Large sample properties are shown via simulations to illustrate the consistency of the proposed method. The proposed methods are applied to analyse two real data sets. One is to find a dose-related linear trend on animal carcinogenicity, and the other is to test an effect of calorie restriction on experimental animals. Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JF - Statistics in medicine AU - Moon, Hojin AU - Ahn, Hongshik AU - Kodell, Ralph L AU - Lee, J Jack AD - Division of Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, U.S.A. hmoon@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/08/30/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 30 SP - 2619 EP - 2636 VL - 22 IS - 16 SN - 0277-6715, 0277-6715 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene KW - 9M98QLJ2DL KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - 2-Acetylaminofluorene -- toxicity KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Food Deprivation KW - Mice KW - Mice, Inbred BALB C KW - Female KW - Survival Analysis KW - Biometry -- methods KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - Data Interpretation, Statistical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73470828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.atitle=Estimation+of+k+for+the+poly-k+test+with+application+to+animal+carcinogenicity+studies.&rft.au=Moon%2C+Hojin%3BAhn%2C+Hongshik%3BKodell%2C+Ralph+L%3BLee%2C+J+Jack&rft.aulast=Moon&rft.aufirst=Hojin&rft.date=2003-08-30&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=2619&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Statistics+in+medicine&rft.issn=02776715&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Stimulation of Kv1.3 potassium channels by death receptors during apoptosis in Jurkat T lymphocytes. AN - 73595178; 12807917 AB - The loss of intracellular potassium is a pivotal step in the induction of apoptosis but the mechanisms underlying this response are poorly understood. Here we report caspase-dependent stimulation of potassium channels by the Fas receptor in a human Jurkat T cell line. Receptor activation with Fas ligand for 30 min increased the amplitude of voltage-activated potassium currents 2-fold on average. This produces a sustained outward current, approximately 10 pA, at physiological membrane potentials during Fas ligand-induced apoptosis. Both basal and Fas ligand-induced currents were blocked completely by toxins that selectively inhibit Kv1.3 potassium channels. Kv1.3 stimulation required the expression of Fas-associated death domain protein and activation of caspase 8, but did not require activation of caspase 3 or protein synthesis. Furthermore, Kv1.3 stimulation by Fas ligand was prevented by chronic stimulation of protein kinase C with 20 nm phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate during Fas ligand treatment, which also blocks apoptosis. Thus, Fas ligand increases Kv1.3 channel activity through the same canonical apoptotic signaling cascade that is required for potassium efflux, cell shrinkage, and apoptosis. JF - The Journal of biological chemistry AU - Storey, Nina M AU - Gómez-Angelats, Mireia AU - Bortner, Carl D AU - Armstrong, David L AU - Cidlowski, John A AD - Membrane Signaling Group, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. Y1 - 2003/08/29/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 29 SP - 33319 EP - 33326 VL - 278 IS - 35 SN - 0021-9258, 0021-9258 KW - Arabidopsis Proteins KW - 0 KW - Enzyme Inhibitors KW - FASLG protein, human KW - Fas Ligand Protein KW - Ions KW - KCNA3 protein, human KW - Kv1.3 Potassium Channel KW - Membrane Glycoproteins KW - Potassium Channels KW - Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated KW - Propidium KW - 36015-30-2 KW - Fatty Acid Desaturases KW - EC 1.14.19.- KW - Fad7 protein, Arabidopsis KW - EC 1.14.99.- KW - Protein Kinase C KW - EC 2.7.11.13 KW - CASP3 protein, human KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - CASP8 protein, human KW - CASP9 protein, human KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspase 8 KW - Caspase 9 KW - Caspases KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Potassium KW - RWP5GA015D KW - Index Medicus KW - Enzyme Activation KW - Humans KW - Fatty Acid Desaturases -- metabolism KW - Jurkat Cells KW - Cell Separation KW - Electrophysiology KW - Potassium -- metabolism KW - Caspases -- metabolism KW - Protein Kinase C -- metabolism KW - Blotting, Western KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Membrane Potentials KW - Enzyme Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Propidium -- pharmacology KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Time Factors KW - Signal Transduction KW - Membrane Glycoproteins -- metabolism KW - Potassium Channels -- metabolism KW - Potassium Channels -- chemistry KW - Apoptosis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73595178?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.atitle=Stimulation+of+Kv1.3+potassium+channels+by+death+receptors+during+apoptosis+in+Jurkat+T+lymphocytes.&rft.au=Storey%2C+Nina+M%3BG%C3%B3mez-Angelats%2C+Mireia%3BBortner%2C+Carl+D%3BArmstrong%2C+David+L%3BCidlowski%2C+John+A&rft.aulast=Storey&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft.date=2003-08-29&rft.volume=278&rft.issue=35&rft.spage=33319&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+biological+chemistry&rft.issn=00219258&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanism of metronidazole-resistance by isolates of nitroreductase-producing Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus from the human intestinal tract AN - 18872532; 5725718 AB - Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus gallinarum strains resistant to metronidazole, nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone were isolated from fecal samples of a patient with recurrent ulcerative colitis treated with metronidazole. Unlike other metronidazole-resistant bacteria, these strains produced nitroreductase but metabolized metronidazole to compounds that could not be detected by liquid chromatography with UV or mass spectral analysis. Metronidazole-susceptible Clostridium perfringens grew equally well in spent cultures of Enterococcus spp. incubated with or without metronidazole. These data indicate that the nitroreductases produced by these Enterococcus strains did not activate metronidazole to bactericidal metabolites and these bacteria may reduce the effectiveness of metronidazole. We have indirect evidence for an alternative pathway that results in metronidazole resistance. These strains of enterococcus had nitroreductase so resistance should not have occurred. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Rafii, F AU - Wynne, R AU - Heinze, T M AU - Paine, D D AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, frafii@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/08/29/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 29 SP - 195 EP - 200 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 225 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - man KW - nitroreductase KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02814:Drug resistance KW - J 02846:Gastrointestinal tract UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18872532?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Mechanism+of+metronidazole-resistance+by+isolates+of+nitroreductase-producing+Enterococcus+gallinarum+and+Enterococcus+casseliflavus+from+the+human+intestinal+tract&rft.au=Rafii%2C+F%3BWynne%2C+R%3BHeinze%2C+T+M%3BPaine%2C+D+D&rft.aulast=Rafii&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-08-29&rft.volume=225&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=195&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1097%2803%2900513-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00513-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breastfeeding practices in a cohort of inner-city women: the role of contraindications. AN - 71572354; 12930560 AB - Little is known about the role of breastfeeding contraindications in breastfeeding practices. Our objectives were to 1) identify predictors of breastfeeding initiation and duration among a cohort of predominantly low-income, inner-city women, and 2) evaluate the contribution of breastfeeding contraindications to breastfeeding practices. Mother-infant dyads were systematically selected from 3 District of Columbia hospitals between 1995 and 1996. Breastfeeding contraindications and potential predictors of breastfeeding practices were identified through medical record reviews and interviews conducted after delivery (baseline). Interviews were conducted at 3-7 months postpartum and again at 7-12 months postpartum to determine breastfeeding initiation rates and duration. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify baseline factors associated with initiation of breastfeeding. Cox proportional hazards models were generated to identify baseline factors associated with duration of breastfeeding. Of 393 study participants, 201 (51%) initiated breastfeeding. A total of 61 women (16%) had at lease one documented contraindication to breastfeeding; 94% of these had a history of HIV infection and/or cocaine use. Of the 332 women with no documented contraindications, 58% initiated breastfeeding, vs. 13% of women with a contraindication. In adjusted analysis, factors most strongly associated with breastfeeding initiation were presence of a contraindication (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08-0.47), and mother foreign-born (AOR, 4.90; 95% CI, 2.38-10.10). Twenty-five percent of study participants who did not initiate breastfeeding cited concern about passing dangerous things to their infants through breast milk. Factors associated with discontinuation of breastfeeding (all protective) included mother foreign-born (hazard ratio [HR], 0.55; 95% CI 0.39-0.77) increasing maternal age (HR for 5-year increments, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69-0.92), and infant birth weight > or = 2500 grams (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.26-0.80). Breastfeeding initiation rates and duration were suboptimal in this inner-city population. Many women who did not breastfeed had contraindications and/or were concerned about passing dangerous things to their infants through breast milk. It is important to consider the prevalence of contraindications to breastfeeding when evaluating breastfeeding practices in high-risk communities. JF - BMC public health AU - England, Lucinda AU - Brenner, Ruth AU - Bhaskar, Brinda AU - Simons-Morton, Bruce AU - Das, Abhik AU - Revenis, Mary AU - Mehta, Nitin AU - Clemens, John AD - Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20895, USA. lbe9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08/20/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 20 SP - 28 VL - 3 KW - Index Medicus KW - Birth Weight KW - Humans KW - Infant, Newborn KW - Weaning KW - Infant KW - Poverty -- ethnology KW - Maternal Age KW - Adult KW - Cohort Studies KW - District of Columbia -- epidemiology KW - HIV Infections -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Proportional Hazards Models KW - Breast Feeding -- statistics & numerical data KW - Breast Feeding -- adverse effects KW - Urban Population -- statistics & numerical data KW - Urban Population -- classification KW - Mothers -- statistics & numerical data KW - Breast Feeding -- ethnology KW - Attitude to Health -- ethnology KW - Maternal Behavior -- psychology KW - Mothers -- psychology KW - Maternal Behavior -- ethnology KW - Mothers -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71572354?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+public+health&rft.atitle=Breastfeeding+practices+in+a+cohort+of+inner-city+women%3A+the+role+of+contraindications.&rft.au=England%2C+Lucinda%3BBrenner%2C+Ruth%3BBhaskar%2C+Brinda%3BSimons-Morton%2C+Bruce%3BDas%2C+Abhik%3BRevenis%2C+Mary%3BMehta%2C+Nitin%3BClemens%2C+John&rft.aulast=England&rft.aufirst=Lucinda&rft.date=2003-08-20&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=&rft.spage=28&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=BMC+public+health&rft.issn=1471-2458&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-24 N1 - Date created - 2004-05-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Pediatr Clin North Am. 2001 Feb;48(1):235-51 [11236729] Breastfeed Rev. 1999 Mar;7(1):5-16 [10197366] Pediatrics. 2001 Mar;107(3):543-8 [11230597] Ethn Dis. 2001 Winter;11(1):72-9 [11289255] Pediatrics. 2001 Aug;108(2):291-6 [11483790] Arch Dis Child. 2001 Sep;85(3):183-8 [11517096] Pediatrics. 2001 Sep;108(3):661-70 [11533333] Pediatrics. 2001 Sep;108(3):776-89 [11533352] J Pediatr. 2003 May;142(5):486-91 [12756378] Pediatrics. 1982 Aug;70(2):239-45 [7099789] Early Hum Dev. 1982 Dec 6;7(3):273-80 [7160337] Pediatrics. 1984 Oct;74(4 Pt 2):615-38 [6384916] Lancet. 1988 Aug 13;2(8607):365-8 [2899774] Pediatrics. 1988 Sep;82(3 Pt 2):496-503 [3405686] Diabetes. 1988 Dec;37(12):1625-32 [3192037] CMAJ. 1989 May 15;140(10):1159-64 [2713801] Pediatrics. 1989 Oct;84(4):626-32 [2780124] Am J Clin Nutr. 1989 Oct;50(4):868-74 [2801593] BMJ. 1990 Jan 6;300(6716):11-6 [2105113] Am J Dis Child. 1991 Mar;145(3):306-9 [2003480] Am J Med Sci. 1993 Jul;306(1):28-34 [8328506] Ann Epidemiol. 1993 Jul;3(4):387-92 [8275215] J Pediatr. 1995 Feb;126(2):191-7 [7844664] J Clin Epidemiol. 1994 Jul;47(7):739-46 [7722587] J Pediatr. 1995 May;126(5 Pt 1):696-702 [7751991] Acta Paediatr. 1997 Feb;86(2):173-7 [9055888] J Hum Lact. 1997 Mar;13(1):45-50 [9233185] Pediatrics. 1997 Dec;100(6):1035-9 [9411381] Vital Health Stat 1. 1997 Oct;(36):1-89 [9429337] Pediatrics. 1997 Apr;99(4):E12 [9099787] Pediatrics. 1998 Jun;101(6):E11 [9606253] Birth. 2000 Jun;27(2):91-6 [11251485] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developments in electrochemical sensors for occupational and environmental health applications. AN - 73626891; 12963279 AB - This paper provides an overview of recent advances in electrochemical sensors for industrial hygiene monitoring applications. Currently available instrument technologies as well as new devices under development are both exemplified. Progress in ruggedization and miniaturization of electroanalytical devices has led to significant improvements for on-site monitoring applications, e.g. in harsh environments and in biological monitoring. Sensor arrays and modified electrodes offer considerable promise for improved electrochemical sensing, i.e. through multi-species detection and enhanced selectivity. On-site electroanalytical detection and measurement in the field may become more widely used for applications in occupational health monitoring. JF - Journal of hazardous materials AU - Ashley, Kevin AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA. kashley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 15 SP - 1 EP - 12 VL - 102 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Electrochemistry KW - Occupational Health KW - Environmental Health KW - Environmental Pollutants -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73626891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.atitle=Developments+in+electrochemical+sensors+for+occupational+and+environmental+health+applications.&rft.au=Ashley%2C+Kevin&rft.aulast=Ashley&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2003-08-15&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of two portable lead-monitoring methods at mining sites. AN - 73626361; 12963281 AB - Two methods for measuring airborne lead using field-portable instruments have been developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): Method 7702 uses X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Method 7701 employs ultrasonic extraction (UE) followed by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The two portable methods were evaluated at mining sites. Area air samples were collected throughout two mills where ore from nearby mines was processed; the primary constituent of the ore was lead sulfide (galena). The air samples were collected on 37 mm mixed cellulose ester membrane filters housed within plastic filter cassettes. At the end of the work shift, the cassettes were collected and taken to a room off-site for analysis by the two portable methods. The filter samples were first analyzed by XRF and then by UE/ASV. Calibration was verified on both instruments according to standard procedures. The samples were then sent for confirmatory analysis via flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) according to NIOSH Method 7082. Pairwise comparisons between the methods using the paired t-test showed no statistically significant differences between ASV and FAAS (P>0.05); however, the comparison between XRF and FAAS was statistically significant (P0.96), suggesting that they are suitable as screening methods for airborne lead at mining sites. JF - Journal of hazardous materials AU - Drake, Pamela L AU - Lawryk, Nicholas J AU - Ashley, Kevin AU - Sussell, Aaron L AU - Hazelwood, Kyle J AU - Song, Ruiguang AD - US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 315 E Montgomery Avenue, Spokane, WA 99207, USA. pdrake@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 15 SP - 29 EP - 38 VL - 102 IS - 1 SN - 0304-3894, 0304-3894 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Occupational Health KW - Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission KW - Humans KW - Spectrophotometry, Atomic KW - Mining KW - Air Pollutants -- analysis KW - Lead -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73626361?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+two+portable+lead-monitoring+methods+at+mining+sites.&rft.au=Drake%2C+Pamela+L%3BLawryk%2C+Nicholas+J%3BAshley%2C+Kevin%3BSussell%2C+Aaron+L%3BHazelwood%2C+Kyle+J%3BSong%2C+Ruiguang&rft.aulast=Drake&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.date=2003-08-15&rft.volume=102&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=29&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+hazardous+materials&rft.issn=03043894&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination using liquid-chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectroscopy of ethinylestradiol serum pharmacokinetics in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. AN - 73526891; 12906905 AB - The pharmacokinetics of ethinylestradiol (EE2), a potent synthetic estrogen, was investigated in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats as part of a series of endocrine-active compounds, including genistein and nonylphenol. A method based on solid-phase extraction and LC with negative ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometric detection was developed and validated. The limit of detection in untreated rat serum was below 0.01 ng/ml (0.03 nM), the limit of quantification was 0.03 ng/ml (0.10 nM), the intra- and inter-day precision was 2-9%, and the intra- and inter-day accuracy was 89-94%. This method was used to determine the serum pharmacokinetics of EE2 in rats following oral gavage administration of 1 mg/kg body weight. EE2 was present in serum primarily in the unconjugated form at concentrations below 0.5 ng/ml. The maximal serum concentration was proportional to dose over the range of 0.04-0.5 mg/kg body weight and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using model-independent analysis. Significant sex differences were observed for elimination half-times and volumes of distribution, but not for total serum clearance or maximal concentrations. The pharmacokinetic analysis of EE2 will be useful for comparing the toxicological effects of EE2 to those of other environmental estrogens in related rodent endocrine disruptor studies. JF - Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences AU - Twaddle, Nathan C AU - Churchwell, Mona I AU - Newbold, Retha R AU - Delclos, K Barry AU - Doerge, Daniel R AD - Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/08/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 15 SP - 309 EP - 315 VL - 793 IS - 2 SN - 1570-0232, 1570-0232 KW - Ethinyl Estradiol KW - 423D2T571U KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Male KW - Female KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Ethinyl Estradiol -- pharmacokinetics KW - Ethinyl Estradiol -- blood KW - Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73526891?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.atitle=Determination+using+liquid-chromatography-electrospray+tandem+mass+spectroscopy+of+ethinylestradiol+serum+pharmacokinetics+in+adult+Sprague-Dawley+rats.&rft.au=Twaddle%2C+Nathan+C%3BChurchwell%2C+Mona+I%3BNewbold%2C+Retha+R%3BDelclos%2C+K+Barry%3BDoerge%2C+Daniel+R&rft.aulast=Twaddle&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft.date=2003-08-15&rft.volume=793&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=309&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+chromatography.+B%2C+Analytical+technologies+in+the+biomedical+and+life+sciences&rft.issn=15700232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Residual ethylene oxide in medical devices and device material. AN - 73475479; 12861606 AB - Ethylene oxide (EO) gas is commonly used to sterilize medical devices. The amount of residual EO remaining in a device depends partly on the type and size of polymeric material. A major concern is the amount of residue that may be available in the body. With the use of the method described by AAMI for headspace analysis of EO residues, different polymers and medical devices subjected to different numbers of sterilization cycles were examined. Next, the effect of various extraction conditions and extraction solutions on these polymers and medical devices was evaluated. The results showed different polymers desorb EO differently. One polyurethane (PU 75D) had much higher EO residue than a different polyurethane (PU 80A). Repeated extraction of the PU 75D was necessary to quantify total EO residue levels. Different extraction solutions influence the amount and reproducibility of EO detected, whereas multiple resterilizations showed no difference in amount of residual EO. Bioavailability of EO was estimated by extracting the devices and polymers in water. Comparison of total EO residues to EO that was bioavailable showed no difference for some polymers and devices, while others had an almost eightfold difference. Some standard biocompatibility tests were run on extracts and devices, but no significant effects were observed. Copyright 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. JF - Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials AU - Lucas, Anne D AU - Merritt, Katharine AU - Hitchins, Victoria M AU - Woods, Terry O AU - McNamee, Scott G AU - Lyle, Dan B AU - Brown, Stanley A AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Office of Science and Technology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. adl@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/08/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 15 SP - 548 EP - 552 VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 1552-4973, 1552-4973 KW - Biocompatible Materials KW - 0 KW - Disinfectants KW - Polymers KW - Polyurethanes KW - Ethylene Oxide KW - JJH7GNN18P KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment Contamination KW - Humans KW - Sterilization -- methods KW - Materials Testing KW - Equipment Reuse KW - Biological Availability KW - Equipment and Supplies KW - Ethylene Oxide -- analysis KW - Polymers -- chemistry KW - Polyurethanes -- chemistry KW - Disinfectants -- analysis KW - Ethylene Oxide -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73475479?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+biomedical+materials+research.+Part+B%2C+Applied+biomaterials&rft.atitle=Residual+ethylene+oxide+in+medical+devices+and+device+material.&rft.au=Lucas%2C+Anne+D%3BMerritt%2C+Katharine%3BHitchins%2C+Victoria+M%3BWoods%2C+Terry+O%3BMcNamee%2C+Scott+G%3BLyle%2C+Dan+B%3BBrown%2C+Stanley+A&rft.aulast=Lucas&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.date=2003-08-15&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=548&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+biomedical+materials+research.+Part+B%2C+Applied+biomaterials&rft.issn=15524973&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-07-01 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Efficacy of a technique for exposing the mouse lung to particles aspirated from the pharynx AN - 18816931; 5706736 AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that the mouse lung can be exposed to soluble antigens by aspiration of these antigens from the pharynx. This simple technique avoids the trauma associated with intratracheal instillation. In this study, the pharyngeal aspiration technique was validated for exposing the mouse lung to respirable particles. Using respirable fluorescent amine-modified polystyrene latex beads and beryllium oxide particles, we investigated the localization of aspirated particles within the lung and the relationship between the amount of material placed in the pharynx and the amount deposited in the lung. For exposure, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane in a bell jar, placed on a slant board, and the tongue was gently held in full extension while a 50- mu l suspension of particles was pipetted onto the base of the tongue. Tongue restraint was maintained until at least two breaths were completed. Less than a minute after exposure, all mice awoke from anesthesia without visible sequela. There were no significant differences in particle distribution between the left and right side of the lung (p = .16). Particles were widely disseminated in a peribronchiolar pattern within the alveolar region. There was a linear and significant correlation (r super(2) = .99) between the amount administered and the amount deposited in the lung. In beryllium-exposed mice, measurable lung beryllium was 77.5 to 88.2% of the administered beryllium. These findings demonstrate that following aspiration of pharyngeal deposited particles, exposures to the deep lung are repeatable, technically simple, and highly correlated to the administered dose. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Rao, GVS AU - Tinkle, S AU - Weissman, D N AU - Antonini, J M AU - Kashon, M L AU - Salmen, R AU - Battelli, LA AU - Willard, P A AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Hoover, MD AD - DACVP, NIOSH/CDC, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, AHubbs@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08/08/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 08 SP - 1441 EP - 1452 VL - 66 IS - 15 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - exposure KW - mice KW - particles KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18816931?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Efficacy+of+a+technique+for+exposing+the+mouse+lung+to+particles+aspirated+from+the+pharynx&rft.au=Rao%2C+GVS%3BTinkle%2C+S%3BWeissman%2C+D+N%3BAntonini%2C+J+M%3BKashon%2C+M+L%3BSalmen%2C+R%3BBattelli%2C+LA%3BWillard%2C+P+A%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BHoover%2C+MD&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=GVS&rft.date=2003-08-08&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=1441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390390201839 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390390201839 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Calculation of induced current densities and specific absorption rates (SAR) for pregnant women exposed to hand-held metal detectors. AN - 73613843; 12953914 AB - The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method in combination with a well established frequency scaling method was used to calculate the internal fields and current densities induced in a simple model of a pregnant woman and her foetus, when exposed to hand-held metal detectors. The pregnant woman and foetus were modelled using a simple semi-heterogeneous model in 10 mm resolution, consisting of three different types of tissue. The model is based on the scanned shape of a pregnant woman in the 34th gestational week. Nine different representative models of hand-held metal detectors operating in the frequency range from 8 kHz to 2 MHz were evaluated. The metal detectors were placed directly on the abdomen of the computational model with a spacing of 1 cm. Both the induced current density and the specific absorption rate (SAR) are well below the recommended limits for exposure of the general public published in the ICNIRP Guidelines and the IEEE C95.1 Standard. The highest current density is 8.3 mA m(-2) and the highest SAR is 26.5 microW kg(-1). Compared to the limits for the induced current density recommended in the ICNIRP Guidelines, a minimum safety factor of 3 exists. Compared to the IEEE C95. 1 Standard, a safety factor of 60 000 for the specific absorption rate was found. Based on the very low specific absorption rate and an induced current density below the recommended exposure limits, significant temperature rise or nerve stimulation in the pregnant woman or in the foetus can be excluded. JF - Physics in medicine and biology AU - Kainz, Wolfgang AU - Chan, Dulciana D AU - Casamento, Jon P AU - Bassen, Howard I AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), 12725 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. wxk@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/08/07/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 07 SP - 2551 EP - 2560 VL - 48 IS - 15 SN - 0031-9155, 0031-9155 KW - Index Medicus KW - Radiation Dosage KW - Electromagnetic Fields KW - Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced -- prevention & control KW - Computer Simulation KW - Maximum Allowable Concentration KW - Humans KW - Body Burden KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Radiation Protection -- methods KW - Microwaves KW - Fetus -- physiology KW - Security Measures KW - Radiometry -- methods KW - Models, Biological KW - Radiometry -- standards KW - Maternal Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73613843?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physics+in+medicine+and+biology&rft.atitle=Calculation+of+induced+current+densities+and+specific+absorption+rates+%28SAR%29+for+pregnant+women+exposed+to+hand-held+metal+detectors.&rft.au=Kainz%2C+Wolfgang%3BChan%2C+Dulciana+D%3BCasamento%2C+Jon+P%3BBassen%2C+Howard+I&rft.aulast=Kainz&rft.aufirst=Wolfgang&rft.date=2003-08-07&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=2551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physics+in+medicine+and+biology&rft.issn=00319155&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-28 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of perchloroethylene, smoking, and race on oxidative DNA damage in female dry cleaners AN - 18872304; 5726081 AB - Perchloroethylene (PERC) is used widely as an industrial dry cleaning solvent and metal degreaser. PERC is an animal carcinogen that produces increased incidence of renal adenomas, adenocarcinomas, mononuclear cell leukemia, and hepatocellular tumors. Oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation were assessed in 38 women with (dry cleaners) or without (launderers) occupational exposure to PERC. PERC exposure was assessed by collecting breathing zone samples on two consecutive days of a typical work week. PERC levels were measured in blood drawn on the morning of the second day of breathing zone sample collection in dry cleaners and before a typical workday in launderers. Blood PERC levels were two orders of magnitude higher in dry cleaners compared to launderers. A significant correlation was noted between time weighted average (TWA) PERC and blood PERC in dry cleaners (r=0.7355, P0.002). 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), ng/mg deoxyguanosine (dG) in leukocyte nuclear DNA was used as an index of steady-state oxidative DNA damage. Urinary 8-OHdG, mu g/g creatinine was used as an index of oxidative DNA damage repair. Urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha (8-epi-PGF), ng/g creatinine was used as an index of lipid peroxidation. The mean plus or minus S.D. leukocyte 8-OHdG in launderers was 16.0 plus or minus 7.3 and was significantly greater than the 8.1 plus or minus 3.6 value for dry cleaners. Urinary 8-OHdG and 8-epi-PGF were not significantly different between dry cleaners and launderers. Unadjusted Pearson correlation analysis of log transformed PERC exposure indices and biomarkers of oxidative stress indicated a significant association in launderers between blood PERC and day 1 urinary 8-OHdG (r=0.4661, P0.044). No significant associations between exposure indices and biomarkers were evident in linear models adjusted for age, body mass index, race, smoking (urinary cotinine, mg/g creatinine) and blood levels of the antioxidants Vitamin E and beta -carotene. The mean plus or minus S.D. leukocyte 8-OHdG value in control white women was 17.8 plus or minus 7.4 and was significantly greater than the 11.8 plus or minus 5.9 in control black women. No significant differences by race were evident for the other biomarkers. Smoking status was not significantly associated with any of the oxidative damage indices. Results indicate a reduction in oxidative DNA damage in PERC exposed dry cleaners relative to launderers, but PERC could not clearly be defined as the source of the effect. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Toraason, M AU - Butler, MA AU - Ruder, A AU - Forrester, C AU - Taylor, L AU - Ashley, D L AU - Mathias, P AU - Marlow, K L AU - Cheever, K L AU - Krieg, E AU - Wey, H AD - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, mtoraason@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08/05/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 05 SP - 9 EP - 18 VL - 539 IS - 1-2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - dry cleaners KW - drycleaners KW - females KW - man KW - Genetics Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18872304?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Effect+of+perchloroethylene%2C+smoking%2C+and+race+on+oxidative+DNA+damage+in+female+dry+cleaners&rft.au=Toraason%2C+M%3BButler%2C+MA%3BRuder%2C+A%3BForrester%2C+C%3BTaylor%2C+L%3BAshley%2C+D+L%3BMathias%2C+P%3BMarlow%2C+K+L%3BCheever%2C+K+L%3BKrieg%2C+E%3BWey%2C+H&rft.aulast=Toraason&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-08-05&rft.volume=539&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1383-5718%2803%2900130-X LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(03)00130-X ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple T Cell Subsets Control Francisella tularensis LVS Intracellular Growth Without Stimulation Through Macrophage Interferon gamma Receptors AN - 18869948; 5706903 AB - A variety of data suggest that in vivo production of interferon (IFN)- gamma is necessary, but not sufficient, for expression of secondary protective immunity against intracellular pathogens. To discover specific IFN- gamma -independent T cell mediated mechanisms, we took advantage of an in vitro culture system that models in vivo immune responses to the intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS). LVS-immune lymphocytes specifically controlled 99% of the growth of LVS in wild-type murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. Surprisingly, LVS-immune lymphocytes also inhibited LVS intracellular growth by as much as 95% in macrophages derived from IFN- gamma receptor knockout (IFN gamma R KO) mice. CD8 super(+) T cells, and to a lesser degree CD4 super(+) T cells, controlled LVS intracellular growth in both wild-type and IFN gamma R KO macrophages. Further, a unique population of Thy1 super(+) alpha beta super(+)CD4 super(-)CD8 super(-) cells that was previously suggested to operate during secondary immunity to LVS in vivo strongly controlled LVS intracellular growth in vitro. A large proportion of the inhibition of LVS intracellular growth in IFN gamma R KO macrophages by all three T cell subsets could be attributed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha . Thus, T cell mechanisms exist that control LVS intracellular growth without acting through the IFN- gamma receptor; such control is due in large part to TNF- alpha , and is partially mediated by a unique double negative T cell subpopulation. JF - Journal of Experimental Medicine AU - Cowley, S C AU - Elkins, K L AD - LMDCI/DBPAP/CBER/FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike, HFM 431, Rockville, MD 20852, USA, cowley@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/08/04/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 04 SP - 379 EP - 389 VL - 198 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1007, 0022-1007 KW - gamma -Interferon receptors KW - gamma -interferon receptors KW - mice KW - subpopulations KW - Genetics Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - G 07240:Immunogenetics KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms KW - F 06756:Function UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18869948?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Experimental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Multiple+T+Cell+Subsets+Control+Francisella+tularensis+LVS+Intracellular+Growth+Without+Stimulation+Through+Macrophage+Interferon+gamma+Receptors&rft.au=Cowley%2C+S+C%3BElkins%2C+K+L&rft.aulast=Cowley&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-08-04&rft.volume=198&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Experimental+Medicine&rft.issn=00221007&rft_id=info:doi/10.1084%2Fjem.20030687 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20030687 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global urbanization and impact on health. AN - 73633209; 12971682 AB - Nearly half the world's population now lives in urban settlements. Cities offer the lure of better employment, education, health care, and culture; and they contribute disproportionately to national economies. However, rapid and often unplanned urban growth is often associated with poverty, environmental degradation and population demands that outstrip service capacity. These conditions place human health at risk. Reliable urban health statistics are largely unavailable throughout the world. Disaggregated intra-urban health data, i.e., for different areas within a city, are even more rare. Data that are available indicate a range of urban health hazards and associated health risks: substandard housing, crowding, air pollution, insufficient or contaminated drinking water, inadequate sanitation and solid waste disposal services, vector-borne diseases, industrial waste, increased motor vehicle traffic, stress associated with poverty and unemployment, among others. Local and national governments and multilateral organizations are all grappling with the challenges of urbanization. Urban health risks and concerns involve many different sectors, including health, environment, housing, energy, transportation, urban planning, and others. Two main policy implications are highlighted: the need for systematic and useful urban health statistics on a disaggregated, i.e., intra-urban, basis, and the need for more effective partnering across sectors. The humanitarian and economic imperative to create livable and sustainable cities must drive us to seek and successfully overcome challenges and capitalize on opportunities. Good urban planning and governance, exchange of best practice models and the determination and leadership of stakeholders across disciplines, sectors, communities and countries will be critical elements of success. JF - International journal of hygiene and environmental health AU - Moore, Melinda AU - Gould, Philip AU - Keary, Barbara S AD - Office of Global Health Affairs, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. mmoore@osophs.dhhs.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 269 EP - 278 VL - 206 IS - 4-5 SN - 1438-4639, 1438-4639 KW - Air Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Index Medicus KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Health Planning KW - Environmental Health KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Hazardous Substances -- poisoning KW - Air Pollutants -- poisoning KW - Global Health KW - Urban Health -- trends KW - Urbanization -- trends KW - Public Health -- trends UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73633209?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.atitle=Global+urbanization+and+impact+on+health.&rft.au=Moore%2C+Melinda%3BGould%2C+Philip%3BKeary%2C+Barbara+S&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Melinda&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=206&rft.issue=4-5&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+hygiene+and+environmental+health&rft.issn=14384639&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and characterization of interleukin-13 receptor in human medulloblastoma and targeting these receptors with interleukin-13-pseudomonas exotoxin fusion protein. AN - 73614606; 12950150 AB - To identify and characterize the subunit structure of interleukin-13 receptor (IL-13R) in human medulloblastoma cell lines and target them with a chimeric fusion protein consisting of interleukin-13 and Pseudomonas exotoxin (termed as IL-13 cytotoxin). Five human medulloblastoma cell lines were examined for the expression of IL-13R subunits at the mRNA and protein levels by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and indirect immunofluorescence studies, respectively. In addition, IL-13 cytotoxin-induced cytotoxicity was examined in these medulloblastoma cell lines by measuring protein synthesis inhibition. All five medulloblastoma cell lines expressed mRNA and proteins for IL-4Ra and IL-13Ra1 chains, whereas three of the cell lines also showed the presence of IL-13Ra2. mRNA or protein for IL-2gc chain was not detected in any of the cell lines. Consistent with the expression of IL-13Ra2 chain, IL-13 cytotoxin was highly and specifically cytotoxic to three of five medulloblastoma cell lines. The sensitivity of medulloblastoma cell lines to IL-13 cytotoxin could be completely eliminated by concurrent incubation with excess of IL-13, but not with IL-2 or IL-4. These studies establish IL-13R, in particular IL-13Ra2, as a medulloblastoma-associated target for IL-13 cytotoxin therapy. IL-13 cytotoxin may be useful for medulloblastoma therapy. Alternatively, IL-13Ra2 may serve as a tumor-specific antigen for active immunotherapy. JF - Croatian medical journal AU - Joshi, Bharat H AU - Leland, Pamela AU - Puri, Raj K AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD, USA. Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 455 EP - 462 VL - 44 IS - 4 SN - 0353-9504, 0353-9504 KW - Cytotoxins KW - 0 KW - Exotoxins KW - IL13RA1 protein, human KW - Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit KW - RNA, Messenger KW - Receptors, Interleukin KW - Receptors, Interleukin-13 KW - Recombinant Fusion Proteins KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Exotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured -- drug effects KW - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect KW - Humans KW - RNA, Messenger -- analysis KW - Pseudomonas -- physiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cerebellar Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Cerebellar Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- analysis KW - Medulloblastoma -- drug therapy KW - Medulloblastoma -- pathology KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Cytotoxins -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73614606?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Croatian+medical+journal&rft.atitle=Identification+and+characterization+of+interleukin-13+receptor+in+human+medulloblastoma+and+targeting+these+receptors+with+interleukin-13-pseudomonas+exotoxin+fusion+protein.&rft.au=Joshi%2C+Bharat+H%3BLeland%2C+Pamela%3BPuri%2C+Raj+K&rft.aulast=Joshi&rft.aufirst=Bharat&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=455&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Croatian+medical+journal&rft.issn=03539504&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inactivation of Clostridium botulinum type A spores by high-pressure processing at elevated temperatures. AN - 73589227; 12929826 AB - The effects of high-pressure treatments at various temperature-time combinations on the inactivation of spores of Clostridium botulinum type A strains 62-A and BS-A in phosphate buffer (0.067 M, pH 7.0) and in a crabmeat blend were investigated. The log unit reduction of strain 62-A spores increased significantly as the processing pressure increased from 417 to 827 MPa (from 60,000 to 120,000 lb/in2) at 75 degrees C. The reduction of BS-A and 62-A spores in either medium increased as processing temperatures increased from 60 to 75 degrees C and processing times increased from 5 to 15 or 20 min at a maximum pressure of 827 MPa. Approximately 2- and 3-log reductions of BS-A and 62-A spores, respectively, in phosphate buffer were obtained at the maximum pressure-maximum temperature combination of 827 MPa and 75 degrees C for a processing time of 20 min. Processing for 15 min at the maximum pressure-maximum temperature combination resulted in maximum reductions of 3.2 and 2.7 log units for BS-A and 62-A spores, respectively, in the crabmeat blend. Results obtained in this study indicate that the crabmeat blend did not protect BS-A and 62-A spores against inactivation by high-pressure processing. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Reddy, N R AU - Solomon, H M AU - Tetzloff, R C AU - Rhodehamel, E J AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Summit-Argo, Illinois 60501, USA. rukma.reddy@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 1402 EP - 1407 VL - 66 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Brachyura KW - Spores, Bacterial -- growth & development KW - Food Preservation -- methods KW - Pressure KW - Hot Temperature KW - Clostridium botulinum -- growth & development KW - Seafood -- microbiology KW - Clostridium botulinum -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73589227?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Inactivation+of+Clostridium+botulinum+type+A+spores+by+high-pressure+processing+at+elevated+temperatures.&rft.au=Reddy%2C+N+R%3BSolomon%2C+H+M%3BTetzloff%2C+R+C%3BRhodehamel%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Reddy&rft.aufirst=N&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1402&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Ethylene oxide and breast cancer incidence in a cohort study of 7576 women (United States). AN - 73586780; 12948284 AB - Ethylene oxide (ETO) is a sterilant gas considered to be a human carcinogen, due primarily to excess hematopoietic cancer in exposed cohorts. ETO causes mammary tumors in mice, and has been associated with breast cancer incidence in one small epidemiologic study. We have studied breast cancer incidence in a cohort of 7576 women employed for at least one year and exposed for an average 10.7 years while working in commercial sterilization facilities. Breast cancer incidence (n = 319) was ascertained via interview, death certificates, cancer registries, and medical records. Interviews were obtained for 68% of the cohort. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for incident breast cancer in the whole cohort using external referent rates (SEER) was 0.87 (0.77-0.97). The SIR for those in the top quintile of cumulative exposure, with a 15 year lag, was 1.27 (0.94-1.69), with a positive trend of increasing SIR with increasing exposure (p = 0.002). SIRs are underestimated because breast cancer incidence in the whole cohort was under-ascertained, due to incomplete response and lack of complete coverage by state cancer registries. In internal nested case-control analyses of those with interviews (complete cancer ascertainment), controlling for reproductive risk factors, a positive exposure-response was found with the log of cumulative exposure with a 15-year lag (p = 0.0005). The odds ratio by quintile of cumulative exposure were 1.00 (0 exposure due to 15 year lag), 1.06, 0.99, 1.24, 1.42, and 1.87. Our data suggest that ETO is associated with breast cancer, but a causal interpretation is weakened due to some inconsistencies in exposure-response trends and possible biases due to non-response and incomplete cancer ascertainment. JF - Cancer causes & control : CCC AU - Steenland, Kyle AU - Whelan, Elizabeth AU - Deddens, James AU - Stayner, Leslie AU - Ward, Elizabeth AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Cincinnati, Ohio 30322, USA. nsteenl@sph.emory.edu Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 531 EP - 539 VL - 14 IS - 6 SN - 0957-5243, 0957-5243 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Disinfectants KW - Ethylene Oxide KW - JJH7GNN18P KW - Index Medicus KW - Odds Ratio KW - Disinfectants -- adverse effects KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Incidence KW - Occupational Diseases -- epidemiology KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Female KW - Ethylene Oxide -- adverse effects KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Breast Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Breast Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73586780?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.atitle=Ethylene+oxide+and+breast+cancer+incidence+in+a+cohort+study+of+7576+women+%28United+States%29.&rft.au=Steenland%2C+Kyle%3BWhelan%2C+Elizabeth%3BDeddens%2C+James%3BStayner%2C+Leslie%3BWard%2C+Elizabeth&rft.aulast=Steenland&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=531&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+causes+%26+control+%3A+CCC&rft.issn=09575243&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quantitative structure-activity relationship methods: perspectives on drug discovery and toxicology. AN - 73584047; 12924569 AB - Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) attempt to correlate chemical structure with activity using statistical approaches. The QSAR models are useful for various purposes including the prediction of activities of untested chemicals. Quantitative structure-activity relationships and other related approaches have attracted broad scientific interest, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry for drug discovery and in toxicology and environmental science for risk assessment. An assortment of new QSAR methods have been developed during the past decade, most of them focused on drug discovery. Besides advancing our fundamental knowledge of QSARs, these scientific efforts have stimulated their application in a wider range of disciplines, such as toxicology, where QSARs have not yet gained full appreciation. In this review, we attempt to summarize the status of QSAR with emphasis on illuminating the utility and limitations of QSAR technology. We will first review two-dimensional (2D) QSAR with a discussion of the availability and appropriate selection of molecular descriptors. We will then proceed to describe three-dimensional (3D) QSAR and key issues associated with this technology, then compare the relative suitability of 2D and 3D QSAR for different applications. Given the recent technological advances in biological research for rapid identification of drug targets, we mention several examples in which QSAR approaches are employed in conjunction with improved knowledge of the structure and function of the target receptor. The review will conclude by discussing statistical validation of QSAR models, a topic that has received sparse attention in recent years despite its critical importance. JF - Environmental toxicology and chemistry AU - Perkins, Roger AU - Fang, Hong AU - Tong, Weida AU - Welsh, William J AD - Logicon ROW Sciences, 3900 NCTR Road, MC 910, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA. rperkins@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 1666 EP - 1679 VL - 22 IS - 8 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Toxicology -- trends KW - Humans KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Information Management KW - Forecasting KW - Drug Design KW - Environmental Pollutants -- toxicity KW - Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship KW - Models, Theoretical UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73584047?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+toxicology+and+chemistry&rft.atitle=Quantitative+structure-activity+relationship+methods%3A+perspectives+on+drug+discovery+and+toxicology.&rft.au=Perkins%2C+Roger%3BFang%2C+Hong%3BTong%2C+Weida%3BWelsh%2C+William+J&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1666&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+toxicology+and+chemistry&rft.issn=07307268&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-28 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of temperature on the growth response of Salmonella enteritidis inoculated onto the vitelline membranes of fresh eggs. AN - 73578366; 12929821 AB - The growth response of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) on the vitelline membrane in vitro was studied with the use of a special tube devised specifically for the inoculation of SE onto the vitelline membrane and for the sampling of the yolk near the inoculation site. This latter ability allowed the detection of the movement of SE into the yolk. The growth of SE on the membrane was compared with that of SE inoculated into yolk and albumen in vitro and in ovo in fresh in-shell eggs. The incubation time was 2 days, and the incubation temperatures were 4, 8, 15, 27, and 37 degrees C. Comparison of the results obtained for in vitro growth showed that at 4, 8, and 15 degrees C, SE behaved as if it were in the albumen, with its numbers decreasing over time. At 27 and 37 degrees C, SE grew as if it were in yolk, with a maximum increase of 4.5 log CFU after 2 days at 37 degrees C. In no experiments involving growth on the vitelline membrane did SE appear in the yolk. Comparisons between in vitro and in ovo growth responses of SE in yolk and albumen indicate that SE growth on the membrane parallels that in the in-shell egg. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Fleischman, G J AU - Napier, C L AU - Stewart, D AU - Palumbo, S A AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Food Safety and Technology, 6502 South Archer Road, Summit-Argo, Illinois 60501, USA. gfleisch@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 1368 EP - 1373 VL - 66 IS - 8 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Chickens KW - Egg Yolk -- microbiology KW - Colony Count, Microbial KW - Egg White -- microbiology KW - Time Factors KW - Food Microbiology KW - Eggs -- microbiology KW - Salmonella enteritidis -- growth & development KW - Temperature UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73578366?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Effect+of+temperature+on+the+growth+response+of+Salmonella+enteritidis+inoculated+onto+the+vitelline+membranes+of+fresh+eggs.&rft.au=Fleischman%2C+G+J%3BNapier%2C+C+L%3BStewart%2C+D%3BPalumbo%2C+S+A&rft.aulast=Fleischman&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1368&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hand lacerations and job design characteristics in line-paced assembly. AN - 73570057; 12915786 AB - This study investigated risk factors for laceration injuries among workers employed in line-paced manufacturing assembly operations. Most lacerations (76% of 576) occurred on the hands and fingers (grouped as "hand" lacerations). On average, 37% of surveyed workers reported at least one laceration to the hand in the preceding year, resulting in an overall hand laceration rate of 83 per 100 workers per year. An inverse relationship was found between level of job routinization and hand lacerations, with progressively higher rates of hand lacerations occurring among workers assigned to less routine (more variable) work patterns. Fabricated metal parts handling and job variability may be related to increased risk of hand lacerations in line-paced work environments where personal protective equipment is the primary strategy to control exposure to sharp objects. JF - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine AU - Bell, Jennifer L AU - MacDonald, Leslie A AD - Analysis and Field Evaluations Branch, Division of Safety Research, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA. JBELL@CDC.GOV Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 848 EP - 856 VL - 45 IS - 8 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - Index Medicus KW - Equipment and Supplies KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Female KW - Human Engineering KW - Lacerations -- epidemiology KW - Accidents, Occupational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Job Description KW - Hand Injuries -- epidemiology KW - Industry -- manpower KW - Lacerations -- etiology KW - Hand Injuries -- etiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73570057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Hand+lacerations+and+job+design+characteristics+in+line-paced+assembly.&rft.au=Bell%2C+Jennifer+L%3BMacDonald%2C+Leslie+A&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=848&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-13 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparative study on two kidney graft rinsing and preservation solutions in terms of the post-transplantation risk of delayed graft function and cost. AN - 73558480; 12911678 AB - To determine whether Belzer solution (Viaspan, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Brussels, Belgium), which is more expensive than Eurocollins solution, was better at preventing delayed graft function (DGF) and whether it was cost-effective as it could potentially reduce post-transplantation complications. The risk of occurrence of complications associated with the use of these two rinsing and preserving solutions was estimated from a survey of 106 patients undergoing renal transplantation between 1 January 1993 and 31 March 1998. Both efficacy and adverse outcomes were recorded along with the costs directly associated with the transplantation procedure in the hospital setting: hospitalization, rinsing and preserving solutions, medical and technical interventions and diagnostic tests. For the 45 kidney grafts rinsed and preserved with Eurocollins (strategy S1: n1 = 45) the cost/graft was estimated at 40 euros. With Viaspan (strategy S2: n2 = 61) the corresponding cost/graft was 424 euros. Logistic regression analysis showed that Viaspan was better than Eurocollins solution (ebeta = 0.437; P = 0.05) in preventing DGF. Overall, S2 was less expensive than S1, from the hospital's perspective. The mean difference per patient was 278 euros, which amounts to a saving of 2% of the total cost per renal transplantation. For rinsing and preserving kidney grafts Belzer solution is therefore preferable to Eurocollins solution. JF - Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics AU - Vincentelli, J AU - Luccioni, A AU - Devictor, B AU - Dussol, B AU - Lechevallier, E AU - Bertault-Peres, P AU - Coulange, C AU - Berland, Y AU - Penot Ragon, C AD - Department of Pharmacy, Department of Renal Transplantation, CHU-Sud, Public Health Service, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France. jerome.vincentelli@ap-hm.fr Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 273 EP - 277 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0269-4727, 0269-4727 KW - Euro-Collins' solution KW - 0 KW - Hypertonic Solutions KW - Insulin KW - Organ Preservation Solutions KW - University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution KW - Allopurinol KW - 63CZ7GJN5I KW - Glutathione KW - GAN16C9B8O KW - Adenosine KW - K72T3FS567 KW - Raffinose KW - N5O3QU595M KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Graft Survival KW - Cost-Benefit Analysis KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute -- prevention & control KW - Organ Preservation -- methods KW - Cost Savings KW - Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute -- etiology KW - Allopurinol -- economics KW - Raffinose -- economics KW - Allopurinol -- adverse effects KW - Organ Preservation Solutions -- economics KW - Adenosine -- adverse effects KW - Hypertonic Solutions -- adverse effects KW - Raffinose -- adverse effects KW - Insulin -- economics KW - Hypertonic Solutions -- economics KW - Organ Preservation Solutions -- adverse effects KW - Adenosine -- economics KW - Kidney KW - Kidney Transplantation -- economics KW - Glutathione -- adverse effects KW - Kidney Transplantation -- adverse effects KW - Glutathione -- economics KW - Insulin -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73558480?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacy+and+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Comparative+study+on+two+kidney+graft+rinsing+and+preservation+solutions+in+terms+of+the+post-transplantation+risk+of+delayed+graft+function+and+cost.&rft.au=Vincentelli%2C+J%3BLuccioni%2C+A%3BDevictor%2C+B%3BDussol%2C+B%3BLechevallier%2C+E%3BBertault-Peres%2C+P%3BCoulange%2C+C%3BBerland%2C+Y%3BPenot+Ragon%2C+C&rft.aulast=Vincentelli&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+clinical+pharmacy+and+therapeutics&rft.issn=02694727&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Global surface ultraviolet radiation intensity may modulate the clinical and immunologic expression of autoimmune muscle disease. AN - 73552476; 12905483 AB - To determine if geoclimatic factors may influence the nature and frequency of dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis, and associated autoantibodies around the world. We assessed, in the first global evaluation of these conditions, the relationship between 13 geoclimatic variables that may modulate disease and the relative proportion of DM and its associated autoantibody anti-Mi-2, directed against an SNF2-superfamily helicase associated with the nucleosome remodeling and histone acetylation and deacetylation complex, in a global myositis population. Altogether, 919 consecutive patients from populations at 15 locations were studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that of the variables evaluated, surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation intensity (irradiance) most strongly contributed to the relative proportion of DM and was strongly related to the proportion of anti-Mi-2 autoantibodies (weighted r = 0.939, P < 4 x 10(-7) and weighted r = 0.69, P = 0.02, respectively). Published ethnogeographic immunogenetic allele frequencies imply that the striking differences in the proportion of DM- and DM-specific autoantibodies observed around the world are not the result of inherent global variations in known genetic risk factors. These data suggest that UV radiation exposure may modulate the clinical and immunologic expression of an autoimmune disease in different populations around the world. JF - Arthritis and rheumatism AU - Okada, Satoshi AU - Weatherhead, Elizabeth AU - Targoff, Ira N AU - Wesley, Robert AU - Miller, Frederick W AU - International Myositis Collaborative Study Group AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; International Myositis Collaborative Study Group Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 2285 EP - 2293 VL - 48 IS - 8 SN - 0004-3591, 0004-3591 KW - Autoantibodies KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Phenotype KW - Global Health KW - Risk Factors KW - Polymyositis -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Seroepidemiologic Studies KW - Climate KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Polymyositis -- immunology KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Dermatomyositis -- epidemiology KW - Ultraviolet Rays -- adverse effects KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- epidemiology KW - Autoantibodies -- radiation effects KW - Dermatomyositis -- immunology KW - Autoimmune Diseases -- immunology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73552476?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arthritis+and+rheumatism&rft.atitle=Global+surface+ultraviolet+radiation+intensity+may+modulate+the+clinical+and+immunologic+expression+of+autoimmune+muscle+disease.&rft.au=Okada%2C+Satoshi%3BWeatherhead%2C+Elizabeth%3BTargoff%2C+Ira+N%3BWesley%2C+Robert%3BMiller%2C+Frederick+W%3BInternational+Myositis+Collaborative+Study+Group&rft.aulast=Okada&rft.aufirst=Satoshi&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=2285&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Arthritis+and+rheumatism&rft.issn=00043591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-07 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Treatment with lovastatin, cholestyramine or niacin alters K-ras membrane association in mouse lung in a strain-dependent manner: results in females. AN - 73537212; 12907238 AB - Hypocholesterolemic drugs may themselves increase (cholestyramine, CS) or decrease (lovastatin, Lov) peripheral tissue de novo cholesterol biosynthesis. This will alter the abundance of prenyl groups and potentially increase (CS) or decrease (Lov) K-ras membrane localization, with possible pro- or anti-carcinogenic effects (K-ras is a proto-oncogene frequently mutated in lung cancer). Female A/J, Swiss, and C57BL/6 mice were fed 2 or 4% CS, 1% niacin, or injected with Lov three (Lov-3x) or five (Lov-5x) times per week. After three weeks, serum cholesterol and triglycerides were determined enzymatically. Total, membrane, and cytoplasmic K-ras proteins were determined in lung homogenates by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting with a K-ras specific antibody. CS feeding increased membrane K-ras as hypothesized in A/J and C57BL/6 mice, but had no effect in Swiss mice. Lov failed in all three strains to reduce membrane K-ras, and resulted in an increase in total K-ras in A/J and C57BL/6 mice, while again lacking effect in Swiss mice. Niacin had no effect on K-ras protein in any mouse strain. These results differ from our published results for male mice of the same strains, particularly for A/J mice. Increased amounts of K-ras protein in the membrane fraction of A/J females (but not males) treated with either Lov or CS imply that if K-ras were to become mutated, CS could result in increased lung tumorigenesis and Lov would be less likely to be protective in females. In the light of these data, both sexes should be included in future animal and human chemoprevention trials. JF - Biochemical pharmacology AU - Calvert, Richard J AU - Tepper, Shirley AU - Diwan, Bhalchandra A AU - Anderson, Lucy M AU - Kritchevsky, David AD - Division of Research and Applied Technology, Office of Nutritional Products, Labeling and Dietary Supplements, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA. calvert@mail.ncifcrf.gov Y1 - 2003/08/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 01 SP - 393 EP - 403 VL - 66 IS - 3 SN - 0006-2952, 0006-2952 KW - Anticholesteremic Agents KW - 0 KW - Lipids KW - Cholestyramine Resin KW - 11041-12-6 KW - Niacin KW - 2679MF687A KW - Lovastatin KW - 9LHU78OQFD KW - ras Proteins KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Lipids -- blood KW - Cytosol -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Sex Factors KW - Cytosol -- drug effects KW - Cell Membrane -- drug effects KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Mice KW - Anticholesteremic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Cell Membrane -- metabolism KW - Male KW - Female KW - Niacin -- pharmacology KW - Cholestyramine Resin -- pharmacology KW - Lung -- drug effects KW - Lovastatin -- pharmacology KW - ras Proteins -- metabolism KW - Lung -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73537212?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.atitle=Treatment+with+lovastatin%2C+cholestyramine+or+niacin+alters+K-ras+membrane+association+in+mouse+lung+in+a+strain-dependent+manner%3A+results+in+females.&rft.au=Calvert%2C+Richard+J%3BTepper%2C+Shirley%3BDiwan%2C+Bhalchandra+A%3BAnderson%2C+Lucy+M%3BKritchevsky%2C+David&rft.aulast=Calvert&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biochemical+pharmacology&rft.issn=00062952&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-08 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - New perspectives in arsenic-induced cell signal transduction. AN - 73530847; 12888263 AB - Although the carcinogenicity of arsenic has been well established, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully identified. Accumulating evidence indicates that the alteration of cellular signal transduction is directly related to the carcinogenesis of arsenic. This review focuses on recent advances in arsenic-induced signal transduction, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, tyrosine phosphorylation, MAPK signaling, NF-kappaB activation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. JF - Journal of inorganic biochemistry AU - Qian, Yong AU - Castranova, Vince AU - Shi, Xianglin AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA. yqian@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 01 SP - 271 EP - 278 VL - 96 IS - 2-3 SN - 0162-0134, 0162-0134 KW - Arsenicals KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - NF-kappa B KW - Reactive Oxygen Species KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases KW - EC 2.7.12.2 KW - Arsenic KW - N712M78A8G KW - Index Medicus KW - Reactive Oxygen Species -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacology KW - Humans KW - Apoptosis -- drug effects KW - Arsenicals -- pharmacology KW - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases -- metabolism KW - Cell Cycle -- drug effects KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism KW - Signal Transduction -- drug effects KW - Arsenic -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73530847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+inorganic+biochemistry&rft.atitle=New+perspectives+in+arsenic-induced+cell+signal+transduction.&rft.au=Qian%2C+Yong%3BCastranova%2C+Vince%3BShi%2C+Xianglin&rft.aulast=Qian&rft.aufirst=Yong&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=2-3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+inorganic+biochemistry&rft.issn=01620134&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Caspase 3-mediated inactivation of rac GTPases promotes drug-induced apoptosis in human lymphoma cells. AN - 73528019; 12897143 AB - The Rac members of the Rho family GTPases control signaling pathways that regulate diverse cellular activities, including cytoskeletal organization, gene transcription, and cell transformation. Rac is implicated in apoptosis, but little is known about the mechanism by which it responds to apoptotic stimuli. Here we demonstrate that endogenous Rac GTPases are caspase 3 substrates that are cleaved in human lymphoma cells during drug-induced apoptosis. Cleavage of Rac1 occurs at two unconventional caspase 3 sites, VVGD11/G and VMVD47/G, and results in inactivation of the GTPase and effector functions of the protein (binding to the p21-activated protein kinase PAK1). Expression of caspase 3-resistant Rac1 mutants in the cells suppresses drug-induced apoptosis. Thus, proteolytic inactivation of Rac GTPases represents a novel, irreversible mechanism of Rac downregulation that allows maximal cell death following drug treatment. JF - Molecular and cellular biology AU - Zhang, Baolin AU - Zhang, Yaqin AU - Shacter, Emily AD - Laboratory of Biochemistry, Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. zhangb@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 5716 EP - 5725 VL - 23 IS - 16 SN - 0270-7306, 0270-7306 KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - 0 KW - Etoposide KW - 6PLQ3CP4P3 KW - PAK1 protein, human KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases KW - p21-Activated Kinases KW - CASP3 protein, human KW - EC 3.4.22.- KW - CASP8 protein, human KW - CASP9 protein, human KW - Caspase 3 KW - Caspase 8 KW - Caspase 9 KW - Caspases KW - rac GTP-Binding Proteins KW - EC 3.6.5.2 KW - Staurosporine KW - H88EPA0A3N KW - Index Medicus KW - Etoposide -- pharmacology KW - Plasmids -- metabolism KW - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases -- metabolism KW - Cytoskeleton -- metabolism KW - Models, Molecular KW - Humans KW - Protein Binding KW - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed KW - Staurosporine -- pharmacology KW - Tumor Cells, Cultured KW - Down-Regulation KW - Transfection KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Recombinant Proteins -- chemistry KW - Protein Structure, Tertiary KW - Lymphoma -- metabolism KW - Time Factors KW - Mutation KW - Signal Transduction KW - rac GTP-Binding Proteins -- metabolism KW - Apoptosis KW - Caspases -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73528019?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molecular+and+cellular+biology&rft.atitle=Caspase+3-mediated+inactivation+of+rac+GTPases+promotes+drug-induced+apoptosis+in+human+lymphoma+cells.&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Baolin%3BZhang%2C+Yaqin%3BShacter%2C+Emily&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Baolin&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=16&rft.spage=5716&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Molecular+and+cellular+biology&rft.issn=02707306&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Jan;20(2):453-61 [10611223] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jan 4;97(1):185-9 [10618392] J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 18;275(7):5031-6 [10671544] J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 25;275(8):5911-7 [10681583] J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 31;275(13):9725-33 [10734125] Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2000 May;34(2):127-35 [10799837] Immunol Res. 2000;21(2-3):139-48 [10852111] Oncogene. 2000 Jun 15;19(26):3013-20 [10871853] FASEB J. 2000 Sep;14(12):1705-14 [10973919] Eur J Biochem. 2000 Oct;267(19):5977-82 [10998058] Mol Biol Cell. 2000 Dec;11(12):4347-58 [11102528] Cancer Lett. 2001 Apr 10;165(1):1-10 [11248412] J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 23;276(12):8958-67 [11134022] J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 1;276(22):19656-63 [11278572] Mol Med. 2001 May;7(5):293-300 [11474575] Oncogene. 2001 Sep 27;20(43):6263-8 [11593437] Curr Opin Oncol. 2001 Nov;13(6):453-62 [11673685] Cell Growth Differ. 2001 Dec;12(12):603-11 [11751455] J Neurosci. 2002 Jan 1;22(1):156-66 [11756498] Arch Biochem Biophys. 2002 Jan 15;397(2):262-72 [11795881] Oncogene. 2002 Jan 10;21(2):207-16 [11803464] Adv Cancer Res. 2002;84:57-80 [11883532] Cell Death Differ. 2002 May;9(5):493-504 [11973608] Oncogene. 2002 Apr 25;21(18):2901-7 [11973651] FEBS Lett. 2002 May 8;518(1-3):129-34 [11997032] Methods Mol Biol. 2002;189:67-73 [12094595] J Biol Chem. 1996 May 10;271(19):11209-13 [8626669] Nat Struct Biol. 1997 Feb;4(2):147-52 [9033596] Science. 1997 Jun 6;276(5318):1571-4 [9171063] Blood. 1997 Jun 15;89(12):4480-92 [9192772] Oncogene. 1997 Jul 31;15(5):601-5 [9247314] J Biol Chem. 1997 Aug 29;272(35):21999-2007 [9268338] Trends Biochem Sci. 1997 Aug;22(8):299-306 [9270303] Biochem J. 1997 Aug 15;326 ( Pt 1):1-16 [9337844] Science. 1998 Jan 23;279(5350):509-14 [9438836] J Biol Chem. 1998 Apr 10;273(15):8776-82 [9535855] Oncogene. 1998 Jun 4;16(22):2885-94 [9671409] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Sep 29;95(20):11566-71 [9751706] Oncogene. 1998 Oct 8;17(14):1855-69 [9778052] Cell Death Differ. 1998 Nov;5(11):921-9 [9846178] Oncogene. 1999 Jan 14;18(2):407-15 [9927197] J Biol Chem. 1999 Feb 12;274(7):4335-40 [9933635] J Biol Chem. 1999 May 7;274(19):13198-204 [10224076] Cell Death Differ. 1999 May;6(5):412-9 [10381642] J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 13;274(33):22932-40 [10438458] Mol Cell Biol. 1999 Sep;19(9):5892-901 [10454536] J Biol Chem. 1999 Oct 1;274(40):28632-6 [10497231] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mortality among chrome leather tannery workers: an update. AN - 73509616; 12874853 AB - Employees engaged in the tanning and finishing of leather are potentially exposed to numerous carcinogens. A previous mortality study among 9,352 workers from two chrome tanneries has been updated with the addition of 11 years of vital status and work history follow-up and 1,153 new deaths. Ninety-two different causes of death were analyzed using a modified life-table approach. Death rates from both the United States and the states in which the tanneries were located were used as the comparison populations in calculating cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). The mortality risks from all causes and from all cancers were lower than the expected for the combined cohort. Analyzing the two tanneries separately, no a priori cause of death (i.e., cancer of the lung, pancreas, bladder, kidney, testes, nasal cavity, lymphoma, or soft-tissue sarcoma) was shown to be significantly elevated. An exception was lung cancer at one tannery when state death rates were used (SMR=130, P<0.01). Analyzing by duration of employment, no significant trend in any cause of death at either tannery was revealed. Some studies have shown elevated risks for various site-specific causes of cancer; however, sites in excess are not consistent between studies. The differences may have been due to distinct processes used by the tanneries resulting in varying levels, as well as different types, of exposures. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. JF - American journal of industrial medicine AU - Stern, Frank B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. fbs1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 197 EP - 206 VL - 44 IS - 2 SN - 0271-3586, 0271-3586 KW - Index Medicus KW - Life Tables KW - Humans KW - Wisconsin -- epidemiology KW - African Americans -- statistics & numerical data KW - Adult KW - European Continental Ancestry Group -- statistics & numerical data KW - Lung Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Minnesota -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Cause of Death KW - Neoplasms -- mortality KW - Tanning KW - Occupational Diseases -- mortality UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73509616?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.atitle=Mortality+among+chrome+leather+tannery+workers%3A+an+update.&rft.au=Stern%2C+Frank+B&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=197&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+industrial+medicine&rft.issn=02713586&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biological monitoring for selected herbicide biomarkers in the urine of exposed custom applicators: application of mixed-effect models. AN - 73509378; 12890659 AB - Metabolites and/or parent compounds of the herbicides atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, cyanazine and the 2-ethylhexyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were measured in the urine of 15 custom applicators who each provided from five to seven 24 h urine samples during a 6 week period (n = 87). Each applicator provided a pre-season urine sample and a reference population (n = 46) provided first-morning urine samples. Urinary biomarkers were measured by either immunoassay or gas chromatography. During the spraying season, the geometric mean amount of alachlor mercapturate equivalents (eq.), atrazine eq., 2,4-D and metolachlor mercapturate eq. excreted in 24 h was 17, 19, 110 and 22 nmol, respectively. Mixed-effect models were used to determine predictors of the amount of atrazine eq. and 2,4-D excreted in 24 h. The specific days of herbicide spraying associated with increased biomarker excretion varied for the two analytes, and included one or more days prior to urine collection. This confirms the importance of collecting covariate information on day(s) most relevant to the biomarker of interest. The within-worker variance component, expressed as a geometric standard deviation ((W)GSD range: 2.5-2.9), was substantially larger than the between-worker component ((B)GSD range: 1.3-1.5) for the modeled biomarkers. Alachlor mercapturate eq. and metolachlor mercapturate eq. were detected in more than half of the applicator pre-season urine samples. All biomarkers were detected infrequently in the reference population. Evaluation of non-spray exposure determinants was limited by inclusion of prior day spraying, adjustment for time and the small sample size. JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - Hines, Cynthia J AU - Deddens, James A AU - Striley, Cynthia A F AU - Biagini, Raymond E AU - Shoemaker, Dale A AU - Brown, Kenneth K AU - Mackenzie, Barbara A AU - Hull, R Delon AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH, 45226, USA. chines@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 503 EP - 517 VL - 47 IS - 6 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Herbicides KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Biomarkers -- urine KW - Models, Statistical KW - Male KW - Agriculture KW - Herbicides -- urine KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Environmental Monitoring -- methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73509378?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=Biological+monitoring+for+selected+herbicide+biomarkers+in+the+urine+of+exposed+custom+applicators%3A+application+of+mixed-effect+models.&rft.au=Hines%2C+Cynthia+J%3BDeddens%2C+James+A%3BStriley%2C+Cynthia+A+F%3BBiagini%2C+Raymond+E%3BShoemaker%2C+Dale+A%3BBrown%2C+Kenneth+K%3BMackenzie%2C+Barbara+A%3BHull%2C+R+Delon&rft.aulast=Hines&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=503&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-11-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Multiple primary tumors involving cancer of the brain and central nervous system as the first or subsequent cancer. AN - 73508726; 12879474 AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether cancer of the brain and central nervous system (CNS) occurs together with other types of cancer more often or less often than would be expected due to chance. The study was based on data collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program for cancers diagnosed in the U.S. between 1973 and 1998. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for new malignancies was estimated as the number of patients diagnosed with a particular type of cancer (observed), divided by the number of diagnoses expected based on person-years of follow-up and incidence rates for SEER cancer registries. Among patients who were diagnosed first with cancer of the brain or CNS, statistically significant excesses were observed for cancers of bone (SIR = 14.4), soft tissue (SIR = 4.6), brain and CNS (SIR = 5.9), salivary gland (SIR = 5.1), and thyroid gland (SIR = 2.7) in addition to acute myelocytic leukemia (SIR = 4.1) and melanoma of the skin (SIR = 1.7). Excess risk of new malignancies was markedly greater after first cancers of the brain or CNS diagnosed in childhood compared with similar diagnoses in adulthood. In reverse associations, significant excesses of cancer of the brain and CNS were observed only after diagnoses of acute lymphocytic leukemia (SIR = 7.4) and cancer of the testis (SIR = 1.8) or the thyroid gland (SIR = 1.7). Cancer treatment appears to have been the major factor underlying most of the positive associations between brain cancer and primary cancers of other types, with a probable lesser contribution from shared genetic susceptibility. Results provide little or no evidence that brain cancer shares important etiologic factors with the common cancers of adulthood. JF - Cancer AU - Inskip, Peter D AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. inskippe@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/08/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 01 SP - 562 EP - 570 VL - 98 IS - 3 SN - 0008-543X, 0008-543X KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Brain Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Brain Neoplasms -- therapy KW - Brain Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - SEER Program KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Radiotherapy -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Neoplasms, Multiple Primary -- therapy KW - Neoplasms, Second Primary -- therapy KW - Central Nervous System Neoplasms -- therapy KW - Central Nervous System Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Neoplasms, Second Primary -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms, Multiple Primary -- pathology KW - Neoplasms, Multiple Primary -- epidemiology KW - Central Nervous System Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Neoplasms, Second Primary -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73508726?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer&rft.atitle=Multiple+primary+tumors+involving+cancer+of+the+brain+and+central+nervous+system+as+the+first+or+subsequent+cancer.&rft.au=Inskip%2C+Peter+D&rft.aulast=Inskip&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=562&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer&rft.issn=0008543X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of the Tg.AC assay: specificity testing with three noncarcinogenic pharmaceuticals that induce selected stress gene promoters in vitro and the inhibitory effects of solvent components. AN - 73506750; 12773758 AB - Understanding the strengths and limitations of alternative models, such as the Tg.AC assay, for evaluation of the potential carcinogenicity of pharmaceuticals requires assessment of assay specificity through studies that specifically target biologically active compounds that are known to not be carcinogens in rodents. To identify drugs that might provoke a false positive response in the Tg.AC assay, we screened pharmaceuticals for in vitro induction of the gadd153 promoter and the zeta-globin promoter. We have previously found a high correlation between induction of the gadd153 promoter in HepG2 cells and activity in the Tg.AC assay. The three drugs selected through screening 99 noncarcinogenic pharmaceuticals were amiloride, dipyridamole, and pyrimethamine. A 26-week skin paint study was conducted in hemizygous Tg.AC mice with the three drugs at two doses selected by a 4-week dose range finding study. Evidence of systemic toxicity was observed in animals dosed chronically with pyrimethamine or amiloride, but no skin papillomas were observed in mice treated with amiloride, dipyridamole, or pyrimethamine for 26 weeks. All male mice and 80% of female mice treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in acetone developed a maximal tumor burden. However, mice treated with TPA in a vehicle containing 2.4% DMSO had greatly reduced incidences of papillomas. In summary, the correct negative response was shown in the Tg.AC assay for three noncarcinogenic pharmaceuticals, which adds further favorable evidence of appropriate specificity of this model system. However, vehicle composition must be carefully selected because the outcome of this assay can be confounded by certain commonly used solvents. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Thompson, Karol L AU - Rosenzweig, Barry A AU - Weaver, James L AU - Zhang, Jun AU - Lin, Karl K AU - Sistare, Frank D AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. thompsonk@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 271 EP - 278 VL - 74 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Ddit3 protein, mouse KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - Solvents KW - Transcription Factors KW - Acetone KW - 1364PS73AF KW - Transcription Factor CHOP KW - 147336-12-7 KW - Dipyridamole KW - 64ALC7F90C KW - Amiloride KW - 7DZO8EB0Z3 KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate KW - NI40JAQ945 KW - Dimethyl Sulfoxide KW - YOW8V9698H KW - Pyrimethamine KW - Z3614QOX8W KW - Index Medicus KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- administration & dosage KW - Dimethyl Sulfoxide -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Pyrimethamine -- classification KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Amiloride -- administration & dosage KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic -- drug effects KW - Pyrimethamine -- adverse effects KW - Amiloride -- adverse effects KW - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Administration, Topical KW - Male KW - Dipyridamole -- classification KW - Animal Testing Alternatives KW - Pyrimethamine -- administration & dosage KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Acetone -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Predictive Value of Tests KW - Transgenes -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- biosynthesis KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Dipyridamole -- adverse effects KW - Dipyridamole -- administration & dosage KW - Amiloride -- classification KW - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate -- pharmacology KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- classification KW - Drug Antagonism KW - Female KW - Skin Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Papilloma -- pathology KW - Carcinogens -- classification KW - Skin Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - Skin Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Solvents -- pharmacology KW - Papilloma -- genetics KW - Papilloma -- chemically induced KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73506750?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+the+Tg.AC+assay%3A+specificity+testing+with+three+noncarcinogenic+pharmaceuticals+that+induce+selected+stress+gene+promoters+in+vitro+and+the+inhibitory+effects+of+solvent+components.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Karol+L%3BRosenzweig%2C+Barry+A%3BWeaver%2C+James+L%3BZhang%2C+Jun%3BLin%2C+Karl+K%3BSistare%2C+Frank+D&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Karol&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Selection of drugs to test the specificity of the Tg.AC assay by screening for induction of the gadd153 promoter in vitro. AN - 73506680; 12730611 AB - Short-term assays for carcinogenicity testing of chemicals that use transgenic mice designed to have altered expression of genes mechanistically relevant to carcinogenesis are attractive alternatives to two-year dosing studies in rodents. The models that have been the received the greatest level of performance evaluation include p53(+/-), rasH2, Xpa/p53(+/-), and Tg.AC mice. For use of these models in a regulatory setting to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of pharmaceuticals, it is important to establish an assurance of assay specificity and positive predictivity based on studies using drugs with a wide spectrum of pharmacologic activity. For this purpose, 99 noncarcinogenic drugs were prioritized based on their activity in an in vitro induction assay correlative with a positive response in the Tg.AC assay (induction of the gadd153 promoter in HepG2 cells). Activities in two assays less predictive of Tg.AC activity (induction of c-fos and zeta-globin gene promoters) were also measured. Nine percent of the screened drugs induced the gadd153 promoter by at least fourfold. Several criteria were used to select candidates for subsequent in vivo testing in the Tg.AC assay: (1) sufficient drug solubility in appropriate skin paint vehicles to elicit systemic toxicity, (2) the level of induction of the gadd153 promoter by the drug, (3) the in vitro potency of the drug, and (4) the cost of the drug required for a 6-month study. Based on these criteria, amiloride, dipyridamole, and pyrimethamine were selected from 99 rodent noncarcinogens in a drug database for testing the specificity of the Tg.AC assay. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Thompson, Karol L AU - Sistare, Frank D AD - Division of Applied Pharmacology Research, Office of Testing and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. Thompsonk@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 260 EP - 270 VL - 74 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - DDIT3 protein, human KW - Ddit3 protein, mouse KW - Genetic Markers KW - Luminescent Proteins KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations KW - Transcription Factors KW - Transcription Factor CHOP KW - 147336-12-7 KW - Green Fluorescent Proteins KW - 147336-22-9 KW - Globins KW - 9004-22-2 KW - Luciferases KW - EC 1.13.12.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Luminescent Proteins -- analysis KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Luciferases -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Globins -- genetics KW - Mice KW - Cell Line, Tumor KW - Transgenes -- genetics KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Genes, Reporter -- genetics KW - Models, Genetic KW - Pharmaceutical Preparations -- classification KW - Genes, fos KW - Luciferases -- genetics KW - Luminescent Proteins -- genetics KW - Cricetinae KW - Promoter Regions, Genetic KW - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins -- biosynthesis KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Carcinogens -- classification KW - Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Carcinogenicity Tests -- methods KW - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - Transcription Factors -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73506680?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Selection+of+drugs+to+test+the+specificity+of+the+Tg.AC+assay+by+screening+for+induction+of+the+gadd153+promoter+in+vitro.&rft.au=Thompson%2C+Karol+L%3BSistare%2C+Frank+D&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Karol&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=260&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Animal production and wheeze in the Agricultural Health Study: interactions with atopy, asthma, and smoking. AN - 73499432; 12883030 AB - Exposure to animals, their feeds, and by-products contribute to respiratory symptoms among farmers. To investigate the role of animal exposures and wheeze, and to assess whether their impact differs among susceptible subgroups, including atopics, asthmatics, and smokers. Using the Agricultural Health Study, a cohort of pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina enrolled in 1994-97, wheeze associated with animal production was evaluated and interactions among susceptible subgroups assessed. Logistic regression models were used to examine risk factors for wheeze in the past year among 20 468 farmers. Individuals raising animals requiring direct contact had the highest odds ratios (OR) for wheeze (OR(dairy) = 1.26; OR(eggs) = 1.70). A significant dose response was observed for both the number of poultry and the number of livestock on the farm. Farmers who performed veterinary procedures on a daily basis had an OR of 1.51. The odds of wheeze associated with poultry production was greater among atopic than non-atopic individuals. Milking cows daily increased the odds of wheeze in all individuals, with the largest association observed among atopic asthmatic individuals. The impact of dairy, poultry, and egg production varied among smoking groups. Past smokers had the highest odds ratios, followed by never smokers, and then current smokers. The OR(eggs) was 2.88 among past smokers but only 1.46 for never smokers. The OR(eggs) for current smokers of 0.80 might reflect self selection of exposure among smokers. Results are consistent with animal production and respiratory symptoms, and suggest that subgroups may respond differently to exposure. JF - Occupational and environmental medicine AU - Hoppin, J A AU - Umbach, D M AU - London, S J AU - Alavanja, M C R AU - Sandler, D P AD - Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233, USA. hoppin1@niehs.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 1 VL - 60 IS - 8 SN - 1351-0711, 1351-0711 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Asthma -- etiology KW - Humans KW - Smoking -- adverse effects KW - Aged KW - Cross-Sectional Studies KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Logistic Models KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - Female KW - Iowa -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Respiratory Sounds KW - Respiratory Hypersensitivity -- etiology KW - Agricultural Workers' Diseases -- etiology KW - Animal Husbandry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73499432?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.atitle=Animal+production+and+wheeze+in+the+Agricultural+Health+Study%3A+interactions+with+atopy%2C+asthma%2C+and+smoking.&rft.au=Hoppin%2C+J+A%3BUmbach%2C+D+M%3BLondon%2C+S+J%3BAlavanja%2C+M+C+R%3BSandler%2C+D+P&rft.aulast=Hoppin&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=e3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Occupational+and+environmental+medicine&rft.issn=13510711&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-22 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1984 Jan;73(1 Pt 1):56-60 [6693668] J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1983 Sep;72(3):299-304 [6886262] Thorax. 1986 Feb;41(2):117-21 [3704977] J Occup Med. 1987 Jan;29(1):38-43 [3819883] Eur J Respir Dis Suppl. 1987;152:206-11 [3499343] Clin Allergy. 1987 Sep;17(5):417-23 [3499998] Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1988;87(2):171-7 [3192304] Thorax. 1988 Nov;43(11):872-7 [3222758] Eur Respir J. 1989 Nov;2(10):940-5 [2606194] Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(1):7-15 [2407117] Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(1):73-4 [2305796] Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(1):77-8 [2305798] Med J Aust. 1990 May 21;152(10):521-4 [2338925] Respiration. 1990;57(3):137-44 [2274712] Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(2):195-204 [1992677] Chest. 1991 Apr;99(4):941-4 [2009799] Br J Ind Med. 1991 May;48(5):323-6 [2039744] Occup Med. 1991 Jul-Sep;6(3):415-28 [1948527] Chest. 1993 Feb;103(2):417-21 [8432130] Am J Ind Med. 1993 Dec;24(6):713-22 [8311102] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1994 Feb;20(1):48-54 [8016599] Occup Environ Med. 1995 Oct;52(10):654-60 [7489055] Environ Res. 1995 Jul;70(1):11-9 [8603653] Environ Health Perspect. 1996 Apr;104(4):362-9 [8732939] Int J Epidemiol. 1996 Jun;25(3):609-16 [8671563] Am J Ind Med. 1996 Feb;29(2):201-7 [8821364] Eur Respir J. 1996 Jul;9(7):1407-13 [8836651] Am J Ind Med. 1997 Feb;31(2):233-42 [9028440] Occup Environ Med. 1997 May;54(5):301-6 [9196450] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1997 Aug;23(4):271-80 [9322818] Scand J Work Environ Health. 1998 Aug;24(4):262-9 [9754857] Occup Environ Med. 1998 May;55(5):349-55 [9764113] J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1998;36(6):557-65 [9776958] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Nov;158(5 Pt 1):1493-8 [9817698] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998 Nov;158(5 Pt 2):S1-S76 [9817727] Am J Ind Med. 1999 Jan;35(1):51-7 [9884745] Am J Ind Med. 1999 Feb;35(2):150-63 [9894539] Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1999 Mar;3(3):185-91 [10094317] Thorax. 1999 Mar;54(3):268-72 [10325905] Occup Med. 1999 Apr-Jun;14(2):337-50 [10329909] Am J Ind Med. 1999 Oct;36(4):444-9 [10470009] Am J Ind Med. 2000 May;37(5):451-8 [10723039] J Occup Environ Med. 2000 Mar;42(3):260-9 [10738705] Thorax. 2000 May;55(5):424-31 [10770825] Eur Respir J. 1999 Jan;13(1):187-9 [10836346] Arch Intern Med. 2000 Jun 12;160(11):1683-9 [10847262] J Occup Environ Med. 2000 Aug;42(8):814-20 [10953819] Ann Agric Environ Med. 2000;7(2):71-8 [11153034] Eur Respir J. 2000 Nov;16(5):886-92 [11153588] Am J Ind Med. 2001 Mar;39(3):292-300 [11241562] Am J Ind Med. 2001 Apr;39(4):410-8 [11323791] Occup Environ Med. 2001 Jun;58(6):405-10 [11351057] Eur Respir J. 2001 Apr;17(4):747-54 [11401073] Thorax. 2002 Jan;57(1):86-90 [11809997] Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002 Mar 1;165(5):683-9 [11874814] Br J Ind Med. 1981 Nov;38(4):334-8 [7032577] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1982 Feb;9(2):339-49 [7200524] J Toxicol Environ Health. 1982 Oct-Nov;10(4-5):613-9 [6891722] Clin Allergy. 1985 Nov;15(6):555-64 [4075515] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Human papillomavirus: epidemiology and public health. AN - 73487323; 12873163 AB - Approximately 15 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection cause virtually all cases of cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus 16 is the major type, accounting for approximately 50% of cases. The major steps of cervical carcinogenesis include HPV infection, viral persistence and progression to precancer (as opposed to viral clearance), and invasion. Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection. However, most HPV infections become undetectable by even sensitive HPV DNA testing within 1 to 2 years. The prevalence of infection peaks at young ages and declines thereafter, perhaps as the result of HPV type-specific acquired immunity. Most HPV infections are neither microscopically evident nor visible, making HPV DNA detection the diagnostic reference standard. Poorly defined immunologic factors are the major determinants of viral outcome. Smoking, multiparity, and long-term oral contraceptive use increase the risk of persistence and progression. Other sexually transmitted infections (eg, Chlamydia trachomatis), chronic inflammation, and nutritional factors might also play a role. Overt, long-term viral persistence in the absence of precancer is uncommon. New prevention strategies can be derived from the evolving knowledge of HPV carcinogenesis. Human papillomavirus vaccination is the ultimate prevention strategy, and large-scale trials are already underway. In the meantime, HPV DNA diagnostics are more sensitive although less specific than cytology, permitting a consideration of lengthened screening intervals. In terms of public health education, clinicians and patients will need to shift discussions of the mildly abnormal Papanicolaou test to consideration of HPV infection as a common sexually transmitted infection that rarely causes cervical cancer. JF - Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine AU - Schiffman, Mark AU - Castle, Philip E AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Md 20852, USA. schiffmm@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 930 EP - 934 VL - 127 IS - 8 KW - Viral Vaccines KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Carrier State -- prevention & control KW - Humans KW - Carrier State -- transmission KW - Precancerous Conditions -- epidemiology KW - Precancerous Conditions -- virology KW - Penis -- virology KW - Skin -- virology KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Precancerous Conditions -- prevention & control KW - Carrier State -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Male KW - Viral Vaccines -- therapeutic use KW - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms -- virology KW - Prevalence KW - Tumor Virus Infections -- transmission KW - Papillomavirus Infections -- epidemiology KW - Papillomaviridae -- pathogenicity KW - Papillomavirus Infections -- transmission KW - Papillomaviridae -- isolation & purification KW - Tumor Virus Infections -- epidemiology KW - Public Health -- education KW - Papillomavirus Infections -- prevention & control KW - Papillomaviridae -- immunology KW - Tumor Virus Infections -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73487323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+pathology+%26+laboratory+medicine&rft.atitle=Human+papillomavirus%3A+epidemiology+and+public+health.&rft.au=Schiffman%2C+Mark%3BCastle%2C+Philip+E&rft.aulast=Schiffman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=930&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+pathology+%26+laboratory+medicine&rft.issn=1543-2165&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The development of substitute inks and controls for reducing workplace concentrations of organic solvent vapors in a vinyl shower curtain printing plant. AN - 73467359; 12851010 AB - During the summer of 1994, football players at a practice field reported noxious odors in the area. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA) investigations of industries surrounding the field included a printing facility producing vinyl shower curtains with screen-printed designs. Though not the source of the odor, they were discharging volatile organic compounds directly to the environs in violation of OEPA regulations. To achieve compliance they installed a catalytic oxidizer for treating discharged air. Due to high equipment costs, the capacity of the installed catalytic oxidizer resulted in a substantial reduction in discharged air flow rates and increased solvent vapor concentrations within the workplace. Vapor levels caused worker discomfort, prompting a request for assistance from the Ohio Bureau of Workers Compensation. The vapor concentrations were found to exceed NIOSH, OSHA, and ACGIH acceptable exposure levels. The workers were then required to wear organic vapor removing respirators full-time while printing as a temporary protective measure. The company requested NIOSH assistance in finding methods to reduce solvent vapor concentrations. NIOSH studies included the identification of the sources and relative magnitude of solvent emissions from the printing process, the design of controls for the emissions, and the development of substitute inks using non-photochemically reactive solvents. The new ink system and controls allowed OEPA removal of the requirement for the treatment of discharged air and substantial increases in dilution ventilation. Increased ventilation would permit reduction in worker exposures to less than 1/3 mixture TLV levels and removal of requirements for respirator usage. This solution was the result of a comprehensive review of all facets of the problem, including OEPA regulations. It also required cooperative work between the company and federal, state, and local governmental agencies. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Piltingsrud, Harley V AU - Zimmer, Anthony T AU - Rourke, Aaron B AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 597 EP - 619 VL - 18 IS - 8 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Vinyl Compounds KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Ventilation KW - Humans KW - Volatilization KW - Manufactured Materials KW - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) KW - Air Movements KW - Odorants KW - Ohio KW - Vinyl Compounds -- chemistry KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Ink KW - Guideline Adherence KW - Workplace UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73467359?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=The+development+of+substitute+inks+and+controls+for+reducing+workplace+concentrations+of+organic+solvent+vapors+in+a+vinyl+shower+curtain+printing+plant.&rft.au=Piltingsrud%2C+Harley+V%3BZimmer%2C+Anthony+T%3BRourke%2C+Aaron+B&rft.aulast=Piltingsrud&rft.aufirst=Harley&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=597&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Noise exposure assessment and abatement strategies at an indoor firing range. AN - 73464163; 12851012 AB - Exposure to hazardous impulse noise is common during the firing of weapons at indoor firing ranges. The aims of this study were to characterize the impulse noise environment at a law enforcement firing range; document the insufficiencies found at the range from a health and safety standpoint; and provide noise abatement recommendations to reduce the overall health hazard to the auditory system. Ten shooters conducted a typical live-fire exercise using three different weapons--the Beretta.40 caliber pistol, the Remington.308 caliber shotgun, and the M4.223 caliber assault rifle. Measurements were obtained at 12 different positions throughout the firing range and adjacent areas using dosimeters and sound level meters. Personal and area measurements were recorded to a digital audio tape (DAT) recorder for further spectral analysis. Peak pressure levels inside the firing range reached 163 decibels (dB) in peak pressure. Equivalent sound levels (Leq) ranged from 78 decibels, A-weighted (dBA), in office area adjacent to the range to 122 dBA inside the range. Noise reductions from wall structures ranged from 29-44 dB. Noise abatement strategies ranged from simple noise control measures (such as sealing construction joints and leaks) to elaborate design modifications to eliminate structural-borne sounds using acoustical treatments. Further studies are needed to better characterize the effects of firing weapons in enclosed spaces on hearing and health in general. JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Kardous, Chucri A AU - Willson, Robert D AU - Hayden, Charles S AU - Szlapa, Piotr AU - Murphy, William J AU - Reeves, Efrem R AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 629 EP - 636 VL - 18 IS - 8 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Acoustics KW - Humans KW - Facility Design and Construction KW - Occupational Exposure KW - Firearms KW - Noise KW - Environmental Exposure KW - Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced -- prevention & control KW - Public Policy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73464163?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Noise+exposure+assessment+and+abatement+strategies+at+an+indoor+firing+range.&rft.au=Kardous%2C+Chucri+A%3BWillson%2C+Robert+D%3BHayden%2C+Charles+S%3BSzlapa%2C+Piotr%3BMurphy%2C+William+J%3BReeves%2C+Efrem+R&rft.aulast=Kardous&rft.aufirst=Chucri&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=629&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-29 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Summary health statistics for the U.S. population: National Health Interview Survey, 1999. AN - 71594734; 15789508 AB - This report presents health statistics from the 1999 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States, classified by age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, poverty status, family income, education, place of residence, region of residence, and, where appropriate, health insurance coverage. The topics covered are health status and limitations of activity, injuries and poisonings, health care access and utilization, and health insurance coverage. The NHIS is a multistage probability sample survey conducted annually by interviewers of the U.S. Census Bureau for the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and is representative of the civilian noninstitutionalized U.S. population. Data are collected during face-to-face interviews with adults present at the time of interview. Information about children and absent adults is obtained from an adult proxy respondent. Nearly 40% of Americans reported having excellent health in 1999, while almost 9% reported having either fair or poor health. Fourteen percent of the U.S. population did not have any health insurance coverage in 1999. Eighteen percent of single race non-Hispanic black persons and 32% of Hispanics were uninsured in 1999, compared with 11% of single race non-Hispanic white persons. Further, 47% of poor Hispanics and 43% of near poor Hispanics under age 65 years were uninsured; percents of uninsurance among poor and near poor single race non-Hispanic white and black persons under age 65 years were much lower. Eighty percent of single race non-Hispanic white persons under age 65 years had private health insurance coverage, compared with 57% of single race non-Hispanic blacks and 49% of Hispanics in this same age category. JF - Vital and health statistics. Series 10, Data from the National Health Survey AU - Blackwell, Debra L AU - Tonthat, Luong AD - U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Division of Health Interview Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland 20782, USA. Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - August 2003 SP - 1 EP - 94 IS - 211 SN - 0083-1972, 0083-1972 KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Residence Characteristics -- statistics & numerical data KW - Morbidity KW - Population Surveillance KW - Health Care Surveys KW - Adult KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Educational Status KW - Medically Uninsured -- statistics & numerical data KW - Insurance, Health -- statistics & numerical data KW - Activities of Daily Living KW - Age Distribution KW - Socioeconomic Factors KW - Continental Population Groups -- statistics & numerical data KW - Poverty KW - Health Services -- utilization KW - Health Services Accessibility -- standards KW - Health Surveys KW - Health Services -- standards KW - Middle Aged KW - Absenteeism KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Sex Distribution KW - Female KW - Health Status UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71594734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vital+and+health+statistics.+Series+10%2C+Data+from+the+National+Health+Survey&rft.atitle=Summary+health+statistics+for+the+U.S.+population%3A+National+Health+Interview+Survey%2C+1999.&rft.au=Blackwell%2C+Debra+L%3BTonthat%2C+Luong&rft.aulast=Blackwell&rft.aufirst=Debra&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=211&rft.spage=1&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vital+and+health+statistics.+Series+10%2C+Data+from+the+National+Health+Survey&rft.issn=00831972&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2005-04-14 N1 - Date created - 2005-03-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Structure-Activity Relationship Approaches and Applications AN - 21060642; 7926653 AB - New techniques and software have enabled ubiquitous use of structure-activity relationships (SARs) in the pharmaceutical industry and toxicological sciences. We review the status of SAR technology by using examples to underscore the advances as well as the unique technical challenges. Applying SAR involves two steps: Characterization of the chemicals under investigation, and application of chemometric approaches to explore data patterns or to establish the relationships between structure and activity. We describe generally but not exhaustively the SAR methodologies popular use in toxicology, including representation of chemical structure, and chemometric techniques where models are both unsupervised and supervised. The utility of SAR technology is most evident when supervised methods are used to predict toxicity of untested chemicals based only on chemical structure. Such models can predict on both an ordinal scale (e.g., active vs inactive) or a continuous scale (e.g., median lethal dose [LD50] dose). The reader is also referred to a companion paper in this issue that discusses quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) methods that have advanced markedly over the past decade. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry AU - Tong, Weida AU - Welsh, William J AU - Shi, Leming AU - Fang, Hong AU - Perkins, Roger AD - Center for Toxicoinformatics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079 Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1680 EP - 1695 PB - Allen Press, Inc., 810 East Tenth St. PO Box 1897 Lawrence KS 66044 USA, [mailto:webmaster@allenpress.com], [URL:http://www.allenpress.com] VL - 22 IS - 8 SN - 0730-7268, 0730-7268 KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Structure-activity relationship KW - Predictive toxicology KW - Computational toxicology KW - Chemometrics KW - Chemicals KW - Data processing KW - Pharmaceutical industry KW - Toxicity KW - Models KW - Computer programs KW - software KW - Reviews KW - Pharmaceuticals KW - Structure-activity relationships KW - Toxicology KW - Technology KW - Lethal dose KW - X 24310:Pharmaceuticals KW - V 22300:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21060642?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.atitle=Food+and+water+safety+for+persons+infected+with+human+immunodeficiency+virus.&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Celia%3BElliot%2C+Elisa%3BKrales%2C+Edwin%3BDowner%2C+Goulda&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=Celia&rft.date=2003-04-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=&rft.spage=S106&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+infectious+diseases+%3A+an+official+publication+of+the+Infectious+Diseases+Society+of+America&rft.issn=1537-6591&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-01-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computer programs; software; Data processing; Reviews; Pharmaceuticals; Toxicity; Structure-activity relationships; Lethal dose; Models; Chemicals; Pharmaceutical industry; Toxicology; Technology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/01-198 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antibiotic susceptibilities of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci: results of a sentinel study in England and Wales AN - 19156577; 5744935 AB - A sentinel study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) freshly isolated from clinical material in diagnostic laboratories in England and Wales. A total of 113 GPAC isolates consisting predominantly of current or former members of the genus Peptostreptococcus was obtained from 17 sentinel laboratories in England and one in Wales. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 10 antimicrobial agents were determined by the Etest method. The agents tested were: penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, cefoxitin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, imipenem, co-amoxiclav, piperacillin/tazobactam and metronidazole. MIC sub(50) and MIC sub(90) values for each drug-species combination were calculated whenever suitable numbers of each species were obtained. Excellent spectra of activity (0% resistance) against GPAC were seen for metronidazole, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoxitin, imipenem and chloramphenicol. Low degrees of resistance to co-amoxiclav (3.5%), clindamycin (7.1%), penicillin (7.1%) and significant degrees of resistance to tetracycline (41.6%) and erythromycin (27.4%) were detected. Some examples of putative macrolide-lincosamide linked resistance were noted in seven (6.2%) isolates of GPAC. This study is one of the largest susceptibility studies specifically on GPAC carried out to date and the resulting data may be of value to those involved in the empirical treatment of infections involving Gram-positive anaerobic cocci. JF - Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy AU - Brazier, J S AU - Hall, V AU - Morris, TE AU - Gal, M AU - Duerden, B I AD - Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Service Wales, Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK, Brazier@Cardiff.ac.uk Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 224 EP - 228 VL - 52 IS - 2 SN - 0305-7453, 0305-7453 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - Metronidazole KW - Chloramphenicol KW - Clindamycin KW - Gram-positive bacteria KW - Peptostreptococcus KW - Tazobactam KW - Erythromycin KW - Minimum inhibitory concentration KW - Penicillin KW - British Isles, Wales KW - Imipenem KW - Piperacillin KW - Cefoxitin KW - Antibiotic resistance KW - Anaerobic bacteria KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19156577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.atitle=Antibiotic+susceptibilities+of+Gram-positive+anaerobic+cocci%3A+results+of+a+sentinel+study+in+England+and+Wales&rft.au=Brazier%2C+J+S%3BHall%2C+V%3BMorris%2C+TE%3BGal%2C+M%3BDuerden%2C+B+I&rft.aulast=Brazier&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=224&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Antimicrobial+Chemotherapy&rft.issn=03057453&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fjac%2Fdkg316 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Peptostreptococcus; British Isles, Wales; Penicillin; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Cefoxitin; Clindamycin; Chloramphenicol; Imipenem; Piperacillin; Tazobactam; Metronidazole; Erythromycin; Antibiotic resistance; Gram-positive bacteria; Anaerobic bacteria DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkg316 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhalation Exposure of Rats to Asphalt Fumes Generated at Paving Temperatures Alters Pulmonary Xenobiotic Metabolism Pathways without Lung Injury AN - 18887611; 5746863 AB - Asphalt fumes are complex mixtures of various organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs require bioactivation by the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase system to exert toxic/carcinogenic effects. The present study was carried out to characterize the acute pulmonary inflammatory responses and the alterations of pulmonary xenobiotic pathways in rats exposed to asphalt fumes by inhalation. Rats were exposed at various doses and time periods to air or to asphalt fumes generated at paving temperatures. To assess the acute damage and inflammatory responses, differential cell counts, acellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and protein content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined. Alveolar macrophage (AM) function was assessed by monitoring generation of chemiluminescence and production of tumor necrosis factor- alpha and interleukin-1. Alteration of pulmonary xenobiotic pathways was determined by monitoring the protein levels and activities of P-450 isozymes (CYP1A1 and CYP2B1), glutathioneS-transferase (GST), and NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase (QR). The results show that acute asphalt fume exposure did not cause neutrophil infiltration, alter LDH activity or protein content, or affect AM function, suggesting that short-term asphalt fume exposure did not induce acute lung damage or inflammation. However, acute asphalt fume exposure significantly increased the activity and protein level of CYP1A1 whereas it markedly reduced the activity and protein level of CYP2B1 in the lung. The induction of CYP1A1 was localized in nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cells, alveolar septa, and endothelial cells by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cytosolic QR activity was significantly elevated after asphalt fume exposure, whereas GST activity was not affected by the exposure. This induction of CYP1A1 and QR with the concomitant down-regulation of CYP2B1 after asphalt fume exposure could alter PAH metabolism and may lead to potential toxic effects in the lung. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Ma, JYC AU - Rengasamy, A AU - Frazer, D AU - Barger, M W AU - Hubbs, A F AU - Battelli, L AU - Tomblyn, S AU - Stone, S AU - Castranova, V AD - PPRB/HELD, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505-2888 USA, jym1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1215 EP - 1221 VL - 111 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - CYP1A1 protein KW - CYP2B1 protein KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24190:Polycyclic hydrocarbons UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18887611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Inhalation+Exposure+of+Rats+to+Asphalt+Fumes+Generated+at+Paving+Temperatures+Alters+Pulmonary+Xenobiotic+Metabolism+Pathways+without+Lung+Injury&rft.au=Ma%2C+JYC%3BRengasamy%2C+A%3BFrazer%2C+D%3BBarger%2C+M+W%3BHubbs%2C+A+F%3BBattelli%2C+L%3BTomblyn%2C+S%3BStone%2C+S%3BCastranova%2C+V&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=JYC&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1215&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.5740 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.5740 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Skin as a Route of Exposure and Sensitization in Chronic Beryllium Disease AN - 18886841; 5746861 AB - Chronic beryllium disease is an occupational lung disease that begins as a cell-mediated immune response to beryllium. Although respiratory and engineering controls have significantly decreased occupational beryllium exposures over the last decade, the rate of beryllium sensitization has not declined. We hypothesized that skin exposure to beryllium particles would provide an alternative route for sensitization to this metal. We employed optical scanning laser confocal microscopy and size-selected fluorospheres to demonstrate that 0.5- and 1.0- mu m particles, in conjunction with motion, as at the wrist, penetrate the stratum corneum of human skin and reach the epidermis and, occasionally, the dermis. The cutaneous immune response to chemical sensitizers is initiated in the skin, matures in the local lymph node (LN), and releases hapten-specific T cells into the peripheral blood. Topical application of beryllium to C3H mice generated beryllium-specific sensitization that was documented by peripheral blood and LN beryllium lymphocyte proliferation tests (BeLPT) and by changes in LN T-cell activation markers, increased expression of CD44, and decreased CD62L. In a sensitization-challenge treatment paradigm, epicutaneous beryllium increased murine ear thickness following chemical challenge. These data are consistent with development of a hapten-specific, cell-mediated immune response following topical application of beryllium and suggest a mechanistic link between the persistent rate of beryllium worker sensitization and skin exposure to fine and ultrafine beryllium particles. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Tinkle, S S AU - Antonini, J M AU - Rich, BA AU - Roberts, J R AU - Salmen, R AU - DePree, K AU - Adkins, E J AD - Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd., Morgantown, WV 26505 USA, sft3@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 1202 EP - 1208 VL - 111 IS - 10 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - chronic beryllium disease KW - exposure KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24162:Chronic exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18886841?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Skin+as+a+Route+of+Exposure+and+Sensitization+in+Chronic+Beryllium+Disease&rft.au=Tinkle%2C+S+S%3BAntonini%2C+J+M%3BRich%2C+BA%3BRoberts%2C+J+R%3BSalmen%2C+R%3BDePree%2C+K%3BAdkins%2C+E+J&rft.aulast=Tinkle&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1202&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.5999 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.5999 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In Vitro Absorption of Triethanolamine Through Human Skin AN - 18882860; 5734628 AB - The human skin penetration of triethanolamine (TEA) was measured using in vitro diffusion cell techniques. [ super(14)C]TEA was applied to viable skin in an oil-in-water emulsion containing TEA stearate as an emulsifying agent to simulate cosmetic exposure. The percent of the applied dose of TEA absorbed into the receptor fluid was similar with both 1% and 5% TEA formulations. Absorption of TEA was reduced by lowering the pH of the formulation, presumably due to the increased ionization of TEA. Absorption of TEA into the receptor fluid (1% formulation, pH 7.0) was 0.43% of the applied dose in a 24 h study. Substantial amounts of TEA remained in the skin at the end of the study (9.4% of dose), but only minimal amounts diffused into the receptor fluid when the collection time was extended to 72 h in separate studies. The amount of TEA remaining in skin at the end of the 24 h studies should not be included in estimates of systemic absorption. JF - Journal of Toxicology: Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology AU - Kraeling, MEK AU - Bronaugh, R L AD - Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Food and Drug Administration, BRF, HFS-128, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, USA, Margaret.Kraeling@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 137 EP - 145 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 0731-3829, 0731-3829 KW - absorption KW - in vitro KW - man KW - triethanolamine KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24153:Metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18882860?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Cutaneous+and+Ocular+Toxicology&rft.atitle=In+Vitro+Absorption+of+Triethanolamine+Through+Human+Skin&rft.au=Kraeling%2C+MEK%3BBronaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Kraeling&rft.aufirst=MEK&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=137&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology%3A+Cutaneous+and+Ocular+Toxicology&rft.issn=07313829&rft_id=info:doi/10.1081%2FCUS-120022754 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/CUS-120022754 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Attenuation of exposure-response curves in occupational cohort studies at high exposure levels AN - 18877489; 5730857 AB - Numerous occupational cohort mortality studies have observed exposure-response curves to have an increasing slope at low exposure levels that attenuates or even turns negative at high exposure levels. Examples discussed in this paper include dioxin, silica, 1,3-butadiene, cadmium, beryllium, radon daughters, diesel fumes, nickel, arsenic, and hexavalent chromium. Possible explanations for this phenomenon include (i) bias introduced by the healthy worker survivor effect, (ii) a depletion of the number of susceptible people in the population at high exposure levels, (iii) a natural limit on the relative risk for diseases with a high background rate, (iv) mismeasurement or misclassification of exposures, (v) the influence of other risk factors that vary by the level of the main exposure, and (vi) the saturation of key enzyme systems or other processes involved in the development of disease. JF - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health AU - Stayner, L AU - Steenland, K AU - Dosemeci, M AU - Hertz-Picciotto, I AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 4676 Columbia Parkway, C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, LStayner@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 317 EP - 324 VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0355-3140, 0355-3140 KW - 1,3-butadiene KW - dose-response effects KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18877489?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.atitle=Attenuation+of+exposure-response+curves+in+occupational+cohort+studies+at+high+exposure+levels&rft.au=Stayner%2C+L%3BSteenland%2C+K%3BDosemeci%2C+M%3BHertz-Picciotto%2C+I&rft.aulast=Stayner&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=317&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Work%2C+Environment+%26+Health&rft.issn=03553140&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Extensive Limb Swelling after Immunization: Reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System AN - 18839201; 5724464 AB - Extensive limb swelling (ELS) has been reported after vaccination with a limited number of vaccine types. We sought to describe vaccine types involved in and the clinical characteristics of ELS cases reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). A case of ELS was defined as any report of edema extending at least to the elbow or knee of a vaccinated extremity. Four hundred ninety-seven cases were identified, with some describing swelling from the shoulder to the hand or the hip to the foot. Patient age ranged from 0.1 to 91 years. The proportion of reports of ELS associated with a given vaccine, among all VAERS reports received for that vaccine, varied substantially among vaccines. Most reactions began within 1 day after vaccination and involved other signs of inflammation. Postvaccination ELS can involve both the proximal and distal segments of the extremity, affects all age groups, and occurs after vaccination with a broad range of vaccines. JF - Clinical Infectious Diseases AU - Woo, E J AU - Burwen AU - Gatumu, SNM AU - Ball, R AD - Vaccine Safety Branch, Division of Epidemiology, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2003/08/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 01 SP - 351 EP - 358 VL - 37 IS - 3 SN - 1058-4838, 1058-4838 KW - limbs KW - swelling KW - vaccines KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18839201?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Extensive+Limb+Swelling+after+Immunization%3A+Reports+to+the+Vaccine+Adverse+Event+Reporting+System&rft.au=Woo%2C+E+J%3BBurwen%3BGatumu%2C+SNM%3BBall%2C+R&rft.aulast=Woo&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=351&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=10584838&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Occupational electrical injuries in the United States, 1992-1998, and recommendations for safety research AN - 18820560; 5705517 AB - Problem: CFOI and SOII data show that 2, 287 U.S. workers died and 32, 807 workers sustained days away from work due to electrical shock or electrical burn injuries between 1992 and 1998. Method: The narrative, work activity, job title, source of injury, location, and industry for each fatal electrical accident were examined. A primary causal factor was identified for each fatality. Results: Electrical fatalities were categorized into five major groups. Overall, 44% of electrical fatalities occurred in the construction industry. Contact with overhead power lines caused 41% of all electrical fatalities. Discussion: Electrical shock caused 99% of fatal and 62% of nonfatal electrical accidents. Comprising about 7% of the U.S. workforce, construction workers sustain 44% of electrical fatalities. Power line contact by mobile equipment occurs in many industries and should be the subject of focused research. Other problem areas are identified and opportunities for research are proposed. Impact on Industry: Improvements in electrical safety in one industry often have application in other industries. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Cawley, J C AU - Homce, G T AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA, Jcawley@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 241 EP - 248 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 34 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 8000:Radiation Safety/Electrical Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18820560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Occupational+electrical+injuries+in+the+United+States%2C+1992-1998%2C+and+recommendations+for+safety+research&rft.au=Cawley%2C+J+C%3BHomce%2C+G+T&rft.aulast=Cawley&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=241&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-4375%2803%2900028-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4375(03)00028-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Repetitive Elements in Mammalian Telomeres Suppress Bacterial DNA-Induced Immune Activation AN - 18803005; 5668080 AB - Bacterial DNA contains immunostimulatory CpG motifs that trigger an innate immune response capable of promoting host survival following infectious challenge. Yet CpG-driven immune activation may also have deleterious consequences, ranging from autoimmune disease to death. We find that repetitive elements present at high frequency in mammalian telomeres, but rare in bacteria, down-regulate CpG-induced immune activation. Suppressive activity correlates with the ability of telomeric TTAGGG repeats to form G-tetrads. Colocalization of CpG DNA with Toll-like receptor 9 in endosomal vesicles is disrupted by these repetitive elements, although cellular binding and uptake remain unchanged. These findings are the first to establish that specific host-derived molecules can down-regulate the innate immune response elicited by a TLR ligand. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Gursel, I AU - Gursel, M AU - Yamada, H AU - Ishii, K J AU - Takeshita, F AU - Klinman, D M AD - Section of Retroviral Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892 Y1 - 2003/08/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 01 SP - 1393 EP - 1400 PB - American Association of Immunologists, 9650 Rockville Pike Bethesda MD 20814-3998 USA, [URL:http://www.jimmunol.org/] VL - 171 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - CpG motif KW - TLR9 protein KW - Toll-like receptors KW - endosomes KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18803005?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=Repetitive+Elements+in+Mammalian+Telomeres+Suppress+Bacterial+DNA-Induced+Immune+Activation&rft.au=Gursel%2C+I%3BGursel%2C+M%3BYamada%2C+H%3BIshii%2C+K+J%3BTakeshita%2C+F%3BKlinman%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Gursel&rft.aufirst=I&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1393&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Dietary ethinyl estradiol exposure during development causes increased voluntary sodium intake and mild maternal and offspring toxicity in rats AN - 18802887; 5657898 AB - Exogenous estrogen exposure during development often results in behavioral masculinization and/or defeminization of genetic females. Genetic males may be defeminized, hypermasculinized or even demasculinized after similar treatment. Here, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats consumed phytoestrogen-free diets containing 0, 1, 5 or 200 ppb EE2 beginning on gestational day (GD) 7. Offspring were weaned to the same maternal diet and maintained gonadally intact. There were mild effects on body weight and food consumption in dams of the 200 ppb group and their offspring weighed less at birth than those of the control group; however, gross assessments of nursing behavior were normal in all dietary groups. Postweaning, offspring of the 200 ppb group weighed less and consumed less food than controls. There were no EE2-related effects on open-field activity (tested at postnatal days (PND) 22-24, 43-45 and 64-66), play behavior (tested at PND 35), running wheel activity (PND 63-77) or intake of a 0.3% saccharin-flavored solution (PND 69-71). Intake of a 3.0% sodium chloride-flavored solution on PND 73-75 was increased in both male and female offspring of the 200 ppb group relative to same-sex controls, an effect that is reportedly estrogen mediated. Sodium chloride-flavored solution intake is a sexually dimorphic behavior for which female rats consume more than males. Here, while EE2 exposure had few effects on the conventional tests of sexually dimorphic behaviors, exposure to 200 ppb in the diet appeared to feminize genetic males and hyperfeminize genetic females with regard to sodium intake. JF - Neurotoxicology and Teratology AU - Ferguson, SA AU - Delclos, K B AU - Newbold, R R AU - Flynn, K M AD - HFT-132/Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, sferguson@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 491 EP - 501 PB - Elsevier Science Inc. VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 0892-0362, 0892-0362 KW - rats KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24240:Miscellaneous KW - N3 11137:Endocrine correlates UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18802887?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.atitle=Dietary+ethinyl+estradiol+exposure+during+development+causes+increased+voluntary+sodium+intake+and+mild+maternal+and+offspring+toxicity+in+rats&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+SA%3BDelclos%2C+K+B%3BNewbold%2C+R+R%3BFlynn%2C+K+M&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=SA&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology+and+Teratology&rft.issn=08920362&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0892-0362%2803%2900015-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0892-0362(03)00015-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Heat-Killed Brucella abortus Induces TNF and IL-12p40 by Distinct MyD88-Dependent Pathways: TNF, Unlike IL-12p40 Secretion, Is Toll-Like Receptor 2 Dependent AN - 18800855; 5668086 AB - Cattle and humans are susceptible to infection with the Gram-negative intracellular bacterium Brucella abortus. Heat-killed B. abortus (HKBA) is a strong Th1 adjuvant and carrier. Previously, we have demonstrated that dendritic cells produce IL-12 in response to HKBA stimulation. In the present study, we use knockout mice and in vitro reconstitution assays to examine the contribution of signaling by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their immediate downstream signaling initiator, myeloid differentiation protein MyD88, in the activation following stimulation by HKBA. Our results show that HKBA-mediated induction of IL-12p40 and TNF is dependent on the adapter molecule MyD88. To identify the TLR involved in HKBA recognition, we examined HKBA responses in TLR2- and TLR4-deficient animals. TNF responses to HKBA were TLR4 independent; however, the response in TLR2-deficient mice was significantly delayed and reduced, although not completely abolished. Studies using Chinese hamster ovary/CD14 reporter cell lines stably transfected with either human TLR2 or human TLR4 confirmed the results seen with knockout mice, namely TLR2, but not TLR4, can mediate cellular activation by HKBA. In addition, human embryonic kidney 293 cells, which do not respond to HKBA, were made responsive by transfecting TLR2, but not TLR4 or TLR9. Taken together, our data demonstrate that MyD88-dependent pathways are crucial for activation by HKBA and that TLR2 plays a role in TNF, but not IL-12p40 pathways activated by this microbial product. JF - Journal of Immunology AU - Huang, L-Y AU - Aliberti, J AU - Leifer, CA AU - Segal, D M AU - Sher, A AU - Golenbock, D T AU - Golding, B AD - Laboratory of Plasma Derivatives, Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892 Y1 - 2003/08/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Aug 01 SP - 1441 EP - 1446 PB - American Association of Immunologists, 9650 Rockville Pike Bethesda MD 20814-3998 USA, [URL:http://www.jimmunol.org/] VL - 171 IS - 3 SN - 0022-1767, 0022-1767 KW - MyD88 protein KW - TLR2 protein KW - Toll-like receptors KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18800855?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=Heat-Killed+Brucella+abortus+Induces+TNF+and+IL-12p40+by+Distinct+MyD88-Dependent+Pathways%3A+TNF%2C+Unlike+IL-12p40+Secretion%2C+Is+Toll-Like+Receptor+2+Dependent&rft.au=Huang%2C+L-Y%3BAliberti%2C+J%3BLeifer%2C+CA%3BSegal%2C+D+M%3BSher%2C+A%3BGolenbock%2C+D+T%3BGolding%2C+B&rft.aulast=Huang&rft.aufirst=L-Y&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=171&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1441&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=00221767&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - FDA's preferred MPN methods for standard, large or unusual tests, with a spreadsheet AN - 18741961; 5624118 AB - The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) presents its preferred methods for statistical interpretation of serial dilution tests for microbes in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) of the FDA and the AOAC. This article explains why the particular methods in the manual were selected and describes the adjustments chosen to create a new, flexible method for calculating most probable numbers (MPNs), confidence intervals, and measures of improbability for up to 18 dilutions and up to 1020 tubes per dilution. The methods have been put into a spreadsheet for easy use, and are offered free in the interest of promoting the microbial safety of food and water. The FDA prefers the MPN, not adjusted for bias, for its point estimate of concentration, with the improbability standards and confidence intervals of De Man for standard three-dilution tables with up to 10 tubes per dilution. For large or unusual test designs, the FDA also prefers the MPN but with a new improbability index and the confidence intervals of Haldane. Some other methods in recent literature are discussed briefly, and reasons are given why they are not preferred. JF - Food Microbiology AU - Garthright, W E AU - Blodgett, R J AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Mathematics, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA, robert.blodgett@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 439 EP - 445 PB - Elsevier Science VL - 20 IS - 4 SN - 0740-0020, 0740-0020 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18741961?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Microbiology&rft.atitle=FDA%27s+preferred+MPN+methods+for+standard%2C+large+or+unusual+tests%2C+with+a+spreadsheet&rft.au=Garthright%2C+W+E%3BBlodgett%2C+R+J&rft.aulast=Garthright&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=439&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Microbiology&rft.issn=07400020&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0740-0020%2802%2900144-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0740-0020(02)00144-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Job Stress and Infectious Disease Risks in an Adult Developmental Center AN - 17712520; 6095534 JF - Applied Occupational & Environmental Hygiene AU - Lenhart, S W AU - Trout, D AD - NIOSH Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies Y1 - 2003/08// PY - 2003 DA - Aug 2003 SP - 561 EP - 565 PB - Elsevier Science Inc., Box 882 New York NY 10159 USA, [mailto:usinfo-f@elsevier.com] VL - 18 IS - 8 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - infectious diseases KW - Stress KW - Occupational exposure KW - Working conditions KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17712520?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.atitle=Job+Stress+and+Infectious+Disease+Risks+in+an+Adult+Developmental+Center&rft.au=Lenhart%2C+S+W%3BTrout%2C+D&rft.aulast=Lenhart&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-08-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=561&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+Occupational+%26+Environmental+Hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Working conditions; Occupational exposure; Stress; infectious diseases ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Maternal immunization: US FDA regulatory considerations. AN - 73463084; 12850366 AB - Vaccination of pregnant women provides important health benefits to both, mother and infant, and has been an important disease prevention strategy in these two groups. While most vaccines currently licensed in the US are not indicated for use during pregnancy, depending on the vaccine, vaccination programs do frequently include pregnant women. In addition, recent emphasis has been placed on maternal immunization strategies to protect young infants from severe infections. Currently, unless the vaccine is specifically indicated four maternal immunization, no data are collected regarding the vaccine's safety in pregnant women prior to licensure. However, more females of childbearing age participate in clinical trials and a broad range of novel vaccine products are in development indicated for adolescents and adults. Thus, there is increasing concern for the unintentional exposure of an embryo/fetus before information is available regarding the potential risk versus benefit of the vaccine. Since pregnant women are usually excluded from participation in clinical trials, conclusions regarding developmental risk at the time of licensure are frequently based solely on data derived from developmental toxicity studies in animal models. This paper will review regulatory, preclinical and clinical issues as they pertain to development programs for vaccines intended for vaccination during pregnancy. JF - Vaccine AU - Gruber, Marion F AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US FDA, Woodmont Office Complex 1 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. gruber@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/07/28/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 28 SP - 3487 EP - 3491 VL - 21 IS - 24 SN - 0264-410X, 0264-410X KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Risk KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Clinical Trials as Topic -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Immunization -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Immunization -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73463084?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.atitle=Maternal+immunization%3A+US+FDA+regulatory+considerations.&rft.au=Gruber%2C+Marion+F&rft.aulast=Gruber&rft.aufirst=Marion&rft.date=2003-07-28&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=3487&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Vaccine&rft.issn=0264410X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Breast Cancer Following Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Among Young Women With Hodgkin Disease AN - 18878297; 5737680 AB - Second cancer is the leading cause of death in long-term survivors of Hodgkin disease (HD), with exceptionally high risks of breast cancer among women treated at a young age. Quantitative associations between radiotherapy dose delivered to the breast and administered chemotherapy have not been reported to date in large series, nor has the influence of ovarian exposures on subsequent risk. To quantify the long-term risk of breast cancer associated with use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy to treat young women with HD. Matched case-control study of breast cancer within a cohort of 3817 female 1-year survivors of HD diagnosed at age 30 years or younger, between January 1, 1965, and December 31, 1994, and within 6 population-based cancer registries. The study was conducted March 1, 1996, through September 30, 1998. Relative risk (RR) of breast cancer associated with radiation dose delivered to site of breast cancer or to ovaries and with cumulative dose of alkylating agents. Breast cancer occurred in 105 patients with HD who were matched to 266 patients with HD but without breast cancer. A radiation dose of 4 Gy or more delivered to the breast was associated with a 3.2-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-8.2) increased risk, compared with the risk in patients who received lower doses and no alkylating agents. Risk increased to 8-fold (95% CI, 2.6-26.4) with a dose of more than 40 Gy (P<.001 for trend). Radiation risk did not vary appreciably by age at exposure or reproductive history. Increased risks persisted for 25 or more years following radiotherapy (RR, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.5-16.5; P = .03 for trend with dose). Treatment with alkylating agents alone resulted in a reduced risk (RR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.2-2.0) of breast cancer, and combined alkylating agents and radiotherapy in a 1.4-fold (95% CI, 0.6-3.5). increased risk. Risk of breast cancer decreased with increasing number of alkylating agent cycles (P = .003 for trend). Risk also was low (RR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.1-1.1) among women who received 5 Gy or more delivered to ovaries compared with those who received lower doses. Hormonal stimulation appears important for the development of radiation-induced breast cancer, as evidenced by the reduced risk associated with ovarian damage from alkylating agents or radiation. The high radiation-related risk, which did not diminish at the highest doses or the longest follow-up, however, suggests the need for lifetime surveillance and programs of patient and public awareness. JF - Journal of the American Medical Association AU - Travis, L B AU - Hill, DA AU - Dores, G M AU - Gospodarowicz, M AU - van Leeuwen, FE AU - Holowaty, E AU - Glimelius, B AU - Andersson, M AU - Wiklund, T AU - Lynch, C F AU - Veer, MBV AU - Glimelius, I AU - Storm, H AU - Pukkala, E AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA Y1 - 2003/07/23/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 23 SP - 465 EP - 475 VL - 290 IS - 4 SN - 0098-7484, 0098-7484 KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24210:Radiation & radioactive materials KW - X 24113:Side effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18878297?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Breast+Cancer+Following+Radiotherapy+and+Chemotherapy+Among+Young+Women+With+Hodgkin+Disease&rft.au=Travis%2C+L+B%3BHill%2C+DA%3BDores%2C+G+M%3BGospodarowicz%2C+M%3Bvan+Leeuwen%2C+FE%3BHolowaty%2C+E%3BGlimelius%2C+B%3BAndersson%2C+M%3BWiklund%2C+T%3BLynch%2C+C+F%3BVeer%2C+MBV%3BGlimelius%2C+I%3BStorm%2C+H%3BPukkala%2C+E&rft.aulast=Travis&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-07-23&rft.volume=290&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=465&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.issn=00987484&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Proteomic analysis of cancers AN - 39724118; 3772904 AU - Petricoin, E F Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39724118?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Proteomic+analysis+of+cancers&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+E+F&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, W. Sussex PO19 1UD, UK; URL: www.wiley.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - FDA perspective on mode of action in mutagenicity and carcinogenicity risk assessment AN - 39718344; 3772916 AU - MacGregor, J T Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39718344?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=FDA+perspective+on+mode+of+action+in+mutagenicity+and+carcinogenicity+risk+assessment&rft.au=MacGregor%2C+J+T&rft.aulast=MacGregor&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, W. Sussex PO19 1UD, UK; URL: www.wiley.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Hprt and Tk mutation in model systems AN - 39690333; 3772881 AU - Heflich, R H Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39690333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Hprt+and+Tk+mutation+in+model+systems&rft.au=Heflich%2C+R+H&rft.aulast=Heflich&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, W. Sussex PO19 1UD, UK; URL: www.wiley.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Are in vitro, animal, and clinical testing still necessary? AN - 39669382; 3772924 AU - Benz, R D Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39669382?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Are+in+vitro%2C+animal%2C+and+clinical+testing+still+necessary%3F&rft.au=Benz%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Benz&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, W. Sussex PO19 1UD, UK; URL: www.wiley.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Genetic polymorphisms and Down's syndrome: Maternal risk and fetal survival AN - 39620011; 3772878 AU - James, S J Y1 - 2003/07/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 21 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39620011?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Genetic+polymorphisms+and+Down%27s+syndrome%3A+Maternal+risk+and+fetal+survival&rft.au=James%2C+S+J&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-07-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane, Chichester, W. Sussex PO19 1UD, UK; URL: www.wiley.com N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella serovars isolated from imported foods. AN - 73330950; 12781958 AB - A total of 187 Salmonella isolates representing 82 serotypes recovered from 4072 imported foods in the year 2000 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration field laboratories were tested for their susceptibility to 17 antimicrobials of human and veterinary importance. Fifteen (8%) isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and five (2.7%) were resistant to three or more antimicrobials. Most of the isolates (n=9) exhibited resistance to tetracycline. Four isolates from catfish or tilapia from Taiwan or Thailand also demonstrated resistance to nalidixic acid. These nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella isolates possessed a point mutation at the Ser83 or Asp87 position in DNA gryase, resulting in amino acid substitutions to phenylalanine, tyrosine, or asparagine. One Salmonella Derby isolated from frozen anchovies imported from Cambodia was resistant to six antimicrobials including ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Of seven isolates displaying resistance to sulfonamides, only one S. Derby and one Salmonella Agona contained class 1 integrons that were further shown to possess the aadA and pse-1 genes conferring resistance to streptomycin and ampicillin, respectively. This study indicates that antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella are present in imported foods, primarily of seafood origin, and stresses the need for continued surveillance of foodborne zoonotic bacterial pathogens from imported foods entering the United States. JF - International journal of food microbiology AU - Zhao, Shaohua AU - Datta, Atin R AU - Ayers, Sherry AU - Friedman, Sharon AU - Walker, Robert D AU - White, David G AD - Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. szhao@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/07/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 15 SP - 87 EP - 92 VL - 84 IS - 1 SN - 0168-1605, 0168-1605 KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents KW - 0 KW - DNA, Bacterial KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Drug Resistance, Bacterial KW - Point Mutation KW - Serotyping KW - Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial KW - DNA, Bacterial -- analysis KW - Microbial Sensitivity Tests KW - Salmonella -- drug effects KW - Salmonella -- genetics KW - Food Microbiology KW - Anti-Bacterial Agents -- pharmacology KW - Seafood -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73330950?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.atitle=Antimicrobial-resistant+Salmonella+serovars+isolated+from+imported+foods.&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Shaohua%3BDatta%2C+Atin+R%3BAyers%2C+Sherry%3BFriedman%2C+Sharon%3BWalker%2C+Robert+D%3BWhite%2C+David+G&rft.aulast=Zhao&rft.aufirst=Shaohua&rft.date=2003-07-15&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=87&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+journal+of+food+microbiology&rft.issn=01681605&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-26 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prematurity Is the Major Risk Factor for Late-Onset Group B Streptococcus Disease AN - 18871779; 5716141 AB - A case-control study was conducted in the greater Houston area to determine risk factors for late-onset group B streptococcus (GBS) disease (onset of disease or first positive culture between 7 and 180 days after birth). Characteristics of 122 case patients diagnosed during 1995-2000 were compared with control subjects matched for birth hospital and date of birth. Half the case patients were preterm infants, 84% of whom were born at <34 weeks of gestation. The risk for late-onset GBS disease increased by a factor of 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.56) for each week of decreasing gestation, by 3.70 (95% CI, 1.35-10.1) for infants of black mothers, and by 4.15 (95% CI, 1.27-13.60) for infants of mothers with a positive GBS screening. These risk factors are similar to that of early-onset GBS disease. However, prematurity is the major risk factor for late-onset GBS disease. JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases AU - Lin, F-YC AU - Weisman, LE AU - Troendle, J AU - Adams, K AD - National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2003/07/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 15 SP - 267 EP - 271 VL - 188 IS - 2 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - man KW - streptococci KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02855:Human Bacteriology: Others UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18871779?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Prematurity+Is+the+Major+Risk+Factor+for+Late-Onset+Group+B+Streptococcus+Disease&rft.au=Lin%2C+F-YC%3BWeisman%2C+LE%3BTroendle%2C+J%3BAdams%2C+K&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=F-YC&rft.date=2003-07-15&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=267&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Infectious+Diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Medical devices; clinical chemistry and clinical toxicology devices; classification of the breath nitric oxide test system. Final rule. AN - 73460941; 12858842 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying the breath nitric oxide test system into class II (special controls). The agency is taking this action in response to a petition submitted under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) as amended by the Medical Device Amendments of 1976 (the 1976 amendments), the Safe Medical Devices Act of 1990 (the SMDA), and the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 (FDAMA). The agency is classifying this device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. Elsewhere in this issue of the Federal Register, FDA is announcing the availability of a guidance document that will serve as the special control for the device. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2003/07/07/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 07 SP - 40125 EP - 40127 VL - 68 IS - 129 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Device Approval -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Clinical Chemistry Tests -- classification KW - Toxicology -- instrumentation KW - Toxicology -- classification KW - Legislation, Medical KW - Equipment Safety -- classification KW - Nitric Oxide -- classification KW - Breath Tests -- instrumentation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73460941?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Medical+devices%3B+clinical+chemistry+and+clinical+toxicology+devices%3B+classification+of+the+breath+nitric+oxide+test+system.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2003-07-07&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=129&rft.spage=40125&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-25 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Zinc supplement use and risk of prostate cancer. AN - 73415451; 12837837 AB - The high concentration of zinc in the prostate suggests that zinc may play a role in prostate health. We examined the association between supplemental zinc intake and prostate cancer risk among 46 974 U.S. men participating in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. During 14 years of follow-up from 1986 through 2000, 2901 new cases of prostate cancer were ascertained, of which 434 cases were diagnosed as advanced cancer. Supplemental zinc intake at doses of up to 100 mg/day was not associated with prostate cancer risk. However, compared with nonusers, men who consumed more than 100 mg/day of supplemental zinc had a relative risk of advanced prostate cancer of 2.29 (95% confidence interval = 1.06 to 4.95; P(trend) =.003), and men who took supplemental zinc for 10 or more years had a relative risk of 2.37 (95% confidence interval = 1.42 to 3.95; P(trend)<.001). Although we cannot rule out residual confounding by supplemental calcium intake or some unmeasured correlate of zinc supplement use, our findings, that chronic zinc oversupply may play a role in prostate carcinogenesis, warrant further investigation. JF - Journal of the National Cancer Institute AU - Leitzmann, Michael F AU - Stampfer, Meir J AU - Wu, Kana AU - Colditz, Graham A AU - Willett, Walter C AU - Giovannucci, Edward L AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. leitzmann@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/07/02/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 02 SP - 1004 EP - 1007 VL - 95 IS - 13 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Zinc KW - J41CSQ7QDS KW - Index Medicus KW - Health Personnel -- statistics & numerical data KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Surveys and Questionnaires KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Risk Assessment KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Zinc -- administration & dosage KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- epidemiology KW - Carcinogens -- administration & dosage KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Dietary Supplements KW - Zinc -- adverse effects KW - Carcinogens -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73415451?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.atitle=Zinc+supplement+use+and+risk+of+prostate+cancer.&rft.au=Leitzmann%2C+Michael+F%3BStampfer%2C+Meir+J%3BWu%2C+Kana%3BColditz%2C+Graham+A%3BWillett%2C+Walter+C%3BGiovannucci%2C+Edward+L&rft.aulast=Leitzmann&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2003-07-02&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1004&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute&rft.issn=1460-2105&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Oct 15;95(20):1556; author reply 1556-7 [14559884] J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Jul 21;96(14):1108; author reply 1108-9 [15265974] J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Feb 4;96(3):239-40; author reply 240-1 [14759997] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Skin Deformation Profiles During Sinusoidal Vibration of Fingerpad AN - 831174108; 13866628 AB - Vibrotactile perception threshold measurement has been widely used to diagnose the severity of peripheral neuropathy associated with hand-arm vibration syndrome and sensory losses in stroke and diabetic patients. The vibration perception threshold is believed to be influenced by many factors, such as contact force and vibration frequency. The present study is intended to analyze, theoretically, the time-dependent deformation profile of skin surface, strain distributions within soft tissue, and response force of a fingertip when it is stimulated by a probe vibrating with a sinusoidal movement. A two-dimensional finite element model, which incorporates the essential anatomical structures of a finger: skin, subcutaneous tissue, bone, and nail, has been proposed to analyze the effects of vibration amplitude, frequency, and preindentation on the dynamic interaction between the fingerpad and vibrating probe. The simulation results suggest that the fraction of time over which the skin separates from the probe during vibration increases with increasing vibration frequency and amplitude, and decreases with increased preindentation of the probe. The preindentation of the probe has been found to significantly reduce the trend of skin/probe decoupling. The simulation results show reasonably consistent trends with the reported experimental data. [copy 2003 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC2003: 8719Rr, 8719Bb, 8710+e JF - Annals of Biomedical Engineering AU - Wu, J Z AU - Dong, R G AU - Schopper, A W AU - Smutz, W P AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 867 EP - 878 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0090-6964, 0090-6964 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Mathematical models KW - Data processing KW - Skin KW - Stroke KW - Probes KW - Finger KW - Diabetes mellitus KW - Bone KW - Vibrations KW - Fingerpad KW - Perception KW - Peripheral neuropathy KW - Soft tissues KW - W 30920:Tissue Engineering UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/831174108?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Skin+Deformation+Profiles+During+Sinusoidal+Vibration+of+Fingerpad&rft.au=Wu%2C+J+Z%3BDong%2C+R+G%3BSchopper%2C+A+W%3BSmutz%2C+W+P&rft.aulast=Wu&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=867&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+Biomedical+Engineering&rft.issn=00906964&rft_id=info:doi/10.1114%2F1.1581290 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Skin; Data processing; Mathematical models; Stroke; Probes; Finger; Vibrations; Bone; Diabetes mellitus; Perception; Fingerpad; Peripheral neuropathy; Soft tissues DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.1581290 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drug treatment completion and post-discharge employment in the TOPPS-II Interstate Cooperative Study. AN - 75711323; 14512103 AB - The objective of this study was to use administrative data to examine the effect of drug treatment completion on patients' subsequent employment and wages earned in the year following discharge, and to compare the consistency of these results across three states. Drug treatment and wage data from 20,495 drug treatment patients were used in this study. Treatment data were provided by the state substance abuse management information systems for Baltimore City, Washington State, and Oklahoma. Wage data were provided by the agency in each state responsible for collecting and reporting wage information. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare treatment completers and non-completers in the year after an index treatment episode. In addition, employment history in the year prior to the index episode was used to statistically adjust for group differences. The index episode of care may have included services under more than one treatment modality. The full social security number was used to link the drug treatment and wage administrative datasets. Treatment completers were 22% to 49% more likely than non-completers to be employed and to earn higher wages in the year following treatment, holding other variables constant. Patients staying in treatment longer than 90 days were 22% to 43% more likely to be employed in the year following treatment than those who stayed a shorter time. These findings were consistent across the three project states with different client populations, treatment delivery systems, and labor markets. JF - Journal of substance abuse treatment AU - Arria, Amelia M AU - TOPPS-II Interstate Cooperative Study Group AD - Center for Substance Abuse Research, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, College Park, MD 20745, USA. aarria@cesar.umd.edu ; TOPPS-II Interstate Cooperative Study Group Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 9 EP - 18 VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0740-5472, 0740-5472 KW - Street Drugs KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Washington -- epidemiology KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Treatment Outcome KW - Middle Aged KW - Follow-Up Studies KW - Salaries and Fringe Benefits -- statistics & numerical data KW - Baltimore -- epidemiology KW - Adolescent KW - Oklahoma -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Comorbidity KW - Alcoholism -- rehabilitation KW - Patient Discharge -- statistics & numerical data KW - Alcoholism -- epidemiology KW - Rehabilitation, Vocational -- statistics & numerical data KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75711323?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+substance+abuse+treatment&rft.atitle=Drug+treatment+completion+and+post-discharge+employment+in+the+TOPPS-II+Interstate+Cooperative+Study.&rft.au=Arria%2C+Amelia+M%3BTOPPS-II+Interstate+Cooperative+Study+Group&rft.aulast=Arria&rft.aufirst=Amelia&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=9&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+substance+abuse+treatment&rft.issn=07405472&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-05-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effectiveness of universal pre-enrichment broth for recovery of Salmonella from selected dairy foods. AN - 75704662; 14509429 AB - The relative efficiencies of 2 Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) pre-enrichments, lactose broth (LAC) and brilliant green water (BGW), were compared with Universal Pre-enrichment (UP) broth for the recovery of individual Salmonella serovars from instant nonfat dry milk (NFDM), dry whole milk (DWM), lactic casein (LC), and liquid whole milk (LWM). BGW was compared with UP broth for the analysis of NFDM and DWM but not with the other 2 matrixes. LAC was compared with UP broth for the analysis of LC and LWM. UP broth was made both from a commercial dehydrated preparation (UPC) and from individual ingredients (UPI). Bulk quantities of the selected dairy foods were inoculated with Salmonella serovars at levels intended to produce fractionally positive results, where at least half of the test portions analyzed, with one of the methods being evaluated, would be shown to be Salmonella-positive. For NFDM, in 6 of 9 experiments, with 2 different Salmonella serovars, BGW was significantly more productive than either UPI or UPC broth (p < 0.05). Salmonella was recovered from 118 of 180 test portions with BGW, from 25 of 180 test portions with UPC, and from 14 of 180 test portions with UPI. For DWM, in 2 of 4 experiments, with 2 different Salmonella serovars, BGW was significantly more productive than either UPI or UPC broth (p < 0.05). Salmonella was recovered from 67 of 80 test portions with BGW, from 36 of 80 test portions with UPC, and from 37 of 80 test portions with UPI. For LWM, in 9 of 9 experiments, with 3 different Salmonella serovars, there were no significant differences among the broths. Salmonella was recovered from 120 of 180 test portions with LAC, from 135 of 180 test portions with UPC, and from 129 of 180 test portions with UPI. For LC, in 5 of 7 experiments, with 2 different Salmonella serovars, both UPI and UPC broth were significantly more productive than LAC (p < 0.05). Salmonella was recovered from 42 of 140 test portions with LAC, from 114 of 140 test portions with UPC, and from 114 of 140 test portions with UPI. In addition, overall results showed that UPC and UPI broths were equivalent for the recovery of Salmonella from the foods tested, without regard to their performance in comparison with either LAC or BGW. JF - Journal of AOAC International AU - Hammack, Thomas S AU - Amaguaña, R Miguel AU - Johnson, Mildred L AU - Andrews, Wallace H AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Microbiological Studies, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD 20740, USA. thomas.hammack@cfsan.fda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 714 EP - 718 VL - 86 IS - 4 SN - 1060-3271, 1060-3271 KW - Caseins KW - 0 KW - Culture Media KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Milk -- microbiology KW - Food Preservation KW - Caseins -- chemistry KW - Food Microbiology KW - Dairy Products -- microbiology KW - Salmonella -- isolation & purification KW - Salmonella -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/75704662?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.atitle=Effectiveness+of+universal+pre-enrichment+broth+for+recovery+of+Salmonella+from+selected+dairy+foods.&rft.au=Hammack%2C+Thomas+S%3BAmagua%C3%B1a%2C+R+Miguel%3BJohnson%2C+Mildred+L%3BAndrews%2C+Wallace+H&rft.aulast=Hammack&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=714&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+AOAC+International&rft.issn=10603271&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characteristics of mothers who have children with fetal alcohol syndrome or some characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome. AN - 73627293; 12949030 AB - Health care providers can more effectively prevent fetal alcohol syndrome and prenatal alcohol exposure if they know more about mothers who have children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or some characteristics of FAS. We conducted two retrospective case-control studies of Northern Plains Indian children with FAS and some characteristics of FAS diagnosed from 1981 to 1993 by using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), code 760.71. We compared mothers who had children with FAS or some characteristics of FAS with mothers who had children that did not have FAS. Compared with control mothers, 43 mothers who had children with FAS and 35 mothers who had children with some characteristics of FAS were older, had fewer prenatal visits, more pregnancies, more mental health problems, and more injuries (both total and alcohol-related). Although the prevalence of drinking was high in both case and control mothers, case mothers had more alcohol-related medical problems, drank heavily, in binges, and daily more often than control mothers. Women with injuries and mental health problems should be screened for substance use. Mothers of children with FAS or of some characteristics of FAS have numerous needs that must be addressed to prevent future prenatal alcohol exposure. JF - The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice AU - Kvigne, Valborg L AU - Leonardson, Gary R AU - Borzelleca, Joseph AU - Brock, Ellen AU - Neff-Smith, Martha AU - Welty, Thomas K AD - Aberdeen Area Indian Health Service, Public Health Service Indian Hospital, Rapid City, SD, USA. PY - 2003 SP - 296 EP - 303 VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 0893-8652, 0893-8652 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Case-Control Studies KW - South Dakota -- epidemiology KW - Mental Health KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Mothers -- statistics & numerical data KW - Substance-Related Disorders KW - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders -- epidemiology KW - Pregnancy, High-Risk UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73627293?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+American+Board+of+Family+Practice&rft.atitle=Characteristics+of+mothers+who+have+children+with+fetal+alcohol+syndrome+or+some+characteristics+of+fetal+alcohol+syndrome.&rft.au=Kvigne%2C+Valborg+L%3BLeonardson%2C+Gary+R%3BBorzelleca%2C+Joseph%3BBrock%2C+Ellen%3BNeff-Smith%2C+Martha%3BWelty%2C+Thomas+K&rft.aulast=Kvigne&rft.aufirst=Valborg&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+the+American+Board+of+Family+Practice&rft.issn=08938652&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-09-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Identification and quantification of urinary benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites from asphalt fume exposed mice by microflow LC coupled to hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. AN - 73531639; 12894823 AB - Prolonged, extensive exposure to asphalt fume has been associated with several adverse health effects. Inhaled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from asphalt fume exposure have been suspected of inducing such effects. In this study, a bioanalytical method was proposed and evaluated to identify and quantify benzo[a]pyrene and its hydroxy-metabolites. This method is based on coupling a microflow liquid chromatography (LC) to a hybrid quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOFMS). In the experiment, thirty-two B6C3FI mice were exposed to asphalt fume in a whole body inhalation chamber for 10 days (4 h day(-1)) and twelve other mice were used as controls. The asphalt fume was generated at 180 degrees C and the concentrations in the animal exposure chamber ranged 175-182 mg m(-3). Benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites of 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol(+/-), benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide(+/-), and benzo[a]pyrene-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetrol(+/-) in the urine of asphalt fume exposed mice were identified and found at 3.18 ng 100 mL(-1), 31.36 ng 100 mL(-1), 11.56 ng 100 mL(-1), 54.92 ng 100 mL(-1), and 45.23 ng 100 mL(-1) respectively. The results revealed that the urinary benzo[a]pyrene and its hydroxy-metabolites from exposed mice were at significantly higher levels (p < 0.001) than those from the control groups. Compared with several other technologies such as HPLC-UV and HPLC-fluorescence, the new method is more sensitive and selective, and it can also provide additional useful information on the structures of the metabolites. Hence, this method can be used to perform the assessment and to study the mechanisms of the adverse health effects. The fragmentation patterns established in this study can also be used to identify and quantify PAH metabolites in other biological fluids. JF - The Analyst AU - Wang, Jin J AU - Frazer, David G AU - Law, Brandon AU - Lewis, Daniel M AD - Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, USA. Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 864 EP - 870 VL - 128 IS - 7 SN - 0003-2654, 0003-2654 KW - Biomarkers KW - 0 KW - Carcinogens KW - Hydrocarbons KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - 3417WMA06D KW - asphalt KW - 8052-42-4 KW - Index Medicus KW - Mice, Inbred Strains KW - Animals KW - Chromatography, Liquid -- methods KW - Mass Spectrometry -- methods KW - Biomarkers -- urine KW - Mice KW - Carcinogens -- pharmacokinetics KW - Hydrocarbons -- toxicity KW - Benzo(a)pyrene -- pharmacokinetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73531639?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Analyst&rft.atitle=Identification+and+quantification+of+urinary+benzo%5Ba%5Dpyrene+and+its+metabolites+from+asphalt+fume+exposed+mice+by+microflow+LC+coupled+to+hybrid+quadrupole+time-of-flight+mass+spectrometry.&rft.au=Wang%2C+Jin+J%3BFrazer%2C+David+G%3BLaw%2C+Brandon%3BLewis%2C+Daniel+M&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.aufirst=Jin&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=128&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=864&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Analyst&rft.issn=00032654&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-07 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Enabling role of adenosine A1 receptors in adenosine A2A receptor-mediated striatal expression of c-fos. AN - 73517133; 12887411 AB - When striatal neurons are strongly activated they produce adenosine, which activates nearby adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs) and adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs). Although the effects of A1R or A2AR activation on neural activity in the striatum have been examined separately, the effects of coactivating both receptors has not been investigated. Using c-Fos immunohistochemistry as an indicator of neural activity, we examined the effects of coactivation of A1Rs and A2ARs on neural activity and their mechanism of interaction in the caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens (NAc) and prefrontal cortex in rats. Administration of a motor-depressant dose of the A2AR agonist CGS 21680 (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) did not significantly induce c-fos expression in any of these brain regions. Administration of a motor-depressant dose of the A1R agonist CPA (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a small but significant induction of c-fos expression only in the shell of the NAc. Coadministration of CGS 21680 and CPA produced a synergistic induction of c-fos expression in the caudate-putamen, cingulate cortex, and especially the NAc. In the shell of the NAc administration of CPA significantly decreased extracellular dopamine levels measured by in vivo microdialysis and blocked CGS 21680-induced increases in dopamine levels. Because it has been previously shown that activation of dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) by endogenous dopamine blocks A2AR-mediated c-fos expression, it is hypothesized that the enabling role of A1Rs in A2AR-mediated striatal c-fos expression is related to the A1R-mediated inhibition of dopamine release. JF - The European journal of neuroscience AU - Karcz-Kubicha, Marzena AU - Quarta, Davide AU - Hope, Bruce T AU - Antoniou, Katerina AU - Müller, Christa E AU - Morales, Marisela AU - Schindler, Charles W AU - Goldberg, Steven R AU - Ferré, Sergi AD - Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Department of Health and Human Services, NIH, NIDA, IRP, Baltimore MD 21224, USA. Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 296 EP - 302 VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0953-816X, 0953-816X KW - Phenethylamines KW - 0 KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos KW - Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists KW - Receptor, Adenosine A2A KW - Receptors, Purinergic P1 KW - 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine KW - 120225-54-9 KW - N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine KW - 41552-82-3 KW - Adenosine KW - K72T3FS567 KW - Dopamine KW - VTD58H1Z2X KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Microdialysis KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Brain Chemistry -- drug effects KW - Dopamine -- analysis KW - Drug Synergism KW - Phenethylamines -- pharmacology KW - Immunohistochemistry KW - Male KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos -- drug effects KW - Adenosine -- pharmacology KW - Neurons -- metabolism KW - Corpus Striatum -- metabolism KW - Adenosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Receptors, Purinergic P1 -- metabolism KW - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos -- biosynthesis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73517133?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+European+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.atitle=Enabling+role+of+adenosine+A1+receptors+in+adenosine+A2A+receptor-mediated+striatal+expression+of+c-fos.&rft.au=Karcz-Kubicha%2C+Marzena%3BQuarta%2C+Davide%3BHope%2C+Bruce+T%3BAntoniou%2C+Katerina%3BM%C3%BCller%2C+Christa+E%3BMorales%2C+Marisela%3BSchindler%2C+Charles+W%3BGoldberg%2C+Steven+R%3BFerr%C3%A9%2C+Sergi&rft.aulast=Karcz-Kubicha&rft.aufirst=Marzena&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=296&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+European+journal+of+neuroscience&rft.issn=0953816X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Psychotropic drug use and expenditures among medicaid beneficiaries with and without other mental health or substance abuse services. AN - 73514525; 12891096 JF - The Journal of nervous and mental disease AU - Hennessy, Kevin D AU - Green-Hennessy, Sharon AU - Buck, Jeffrey A AU - Miller, Kay AD - Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, US Department of Health and Human Services, 200 Independence Avenue, SW, Room 442E, Washington, DC 20201, USA. Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 476 EP - 478 VL - 191 IS - 7 SN - 0022-3018, 0022-3018 KW - Psychotropic Drugs KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Drug Costs -- statistics & numerical data KW - Health Care Costs -- statistics & numerical data KW - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers -- supply & distribution KW - Humans KW - Substance Abuse Treatment Centers -- economics KW - Drug Utilization KW - Community Mental Health Services -- economics KW - Community Mental Health Services -- supply & distribution KW - Medicaid -- economics KW - Health Expenditures -- statistics & numerical data KW - Psychotropic Drugs -- economics KW - Psychotropic Drugs -- therapeutic use KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- economics KW - Psychotropic Drugs -- adverse effects KW - Substance-Related Disorders -- rehabilitation KW - Medicaid -- statistics & numerical data UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73514525?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+nervous+and+mental+disease&rft.atitle=Psychotropic+drug+use+and+expenditures+among+medicaid+beneficiaries+with+and+without+other+mental+health+or+substance+abuse+services.&rft.au=Hennessy%2C+Kevin+D%3BGreen-Hennessy%2C+Sharon%3BBuck%2C+Jeffrey+A%3BMiller%2C+Kay&rft.aulast=Hennessy&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=191&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=476&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+nervous+and+mental+disease&rft.issn=00223018&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-12 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-31 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Could that plastic device harm your patient? AN - 73478028; 12862021 JF - Nursing AU - Alonge, Laura A AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, NIH/DHHS, Rockville, MD, USA. Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 70 VL - 33 IS - 7 SN - 0360-4039, 0360-4039 KW - Plastics KW - 0 KW - Polyvinyl Chloride KW - 9002-86-2 KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate KW - C42K0PH13C KW - Nursing KW - United States KW - Equipment Design KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Humans KW - Equipment Safety KW - Nurse's Role KW - Safety Management KW - Equipment and Supplies -- standards KW - Polyvinyl Chloride -- adverse effects KW - Plastics -- adverse effects KW - Diethylhexyl Phthalate -- adverse effects KW - Equipment and Supplies -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73478028?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nursing&rft.atitle=Could+that+plastic+device+harm+your+patient%3F&rft.au=Alonge%2C+Laura+A&rft.aulast=Alonge&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Nursing&rft.issn=03604039&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-15 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of three retrospective exposure assessment methods. AN - 73477517; 12855490 AB - To evaluate three methods for assessing retrospective exposures of acrylonitrile workers. Three methods used to develop historical exposure estimates for a retrospective cohort mortality study of acrylonitrile workers were considered. The first method was deterministic, incorporating estimates of the impact of changes that took place in the workplace. The second method used the ratio of the mean of the measurements for three similar jobs to estimate a fourth similar job. The third method was based on the development of homogeneous exposure groups (HEG). Estimates of acrylonitrile exposure were developed using these three methods and compared with measurement means (observed means) across three categories of airborne exposure concentrations (or=1 p.p.m.) and three categories based on the number of measurements used to develop the estimate (or=30). The correlation between the estimates and the observed values was about 0.65 for all three methods. Estimates using the deterministic method tended to overestimate the observed means by 17%, but the number of estimates was not above or below the observed means more often than expected. There was no statistically significant relationship between the exposure estimates and the acrylonitrile concentration in the air or the number of measurements used to develop the estimates. The estimates averaged within 60% of the observed means when concentrations were above 0.5 p.p.m. and 25% regardless of the number of measurements on which the estimates were based. Estimates from the ratio method were randomly distributed above and below the observed means and averaged 70% above the observed means. The air concentration did not affect the performance of the method, although above 1 p.p.m. the estimates were within 40% of the observed means. The number of measurements comprising the estimates was related on a relative scale to the performance of the method. Exposure estimates using the HEG method were neither greater nor less than the observed means more often than what was expected. The method did better as concentration and the number of measurements increased. The estimates were within 60% of the means at >0.5 p.p.m. and for all measurement categories. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference between the estimates derived from the three estimation methods. All methods performed reasonably well, but the deterministic and HEG methods appeared to develop estimates closer to the observed means for concentrations >0.5 p.p.m., regardless of the number of measurements. JF - The Annals of occupational hygiene AU - Stewart, Patricia A AU - Lees, Peter S J AU - Correa, Adolfo AU - Breysse, Patrick AU - Gail, Mitchell AU - Graubard, Barry I AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 6120 Executive Boulevard, MSC 7240, Rockville, MD 20892-7240, USA. stewartt@epndce.nci.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 399 EP - 411 VL - 47 IS - 5 SN - 0003-4878, 0003-4878 KW - Acrylonitrile KW - MP1U0D42PE KW - Index Medicus KW - Reproducibility of Results KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Occupational Health KW - Data Collection -- methods KW - Acrylonitrile -- analysis KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73477517?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+three+retrospective+exposure+assessment+methods.&rft.au=Stewart%2C+Patricia+A%3BLees%2C+Peter+S+J%3BCorrea%2C+Adolfo%3BBreysse%2C+Patrick%3BGail%2C+Mitchell%3BGraubard%2C+Barry+I&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=399&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+occupational+hygiene&rft.issn=00034878&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-15 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Managing occupational risks for hepatitis C transmission in the health care setting. AN - 73469311; 12857782 AB - Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant contemporary health problem in the United States and elsewhere. Because it is primarily transmitted via blood, hepatitis C infection presents risks for both nosocomial transmission to patients and occupational spread to health care workers. Recent insights into the pathogenesis, immunopathogenesis, natural history, and treatment of infection caused by this unique flavivirus provide a rationale for the use of new strategies for managing occupational hepatitis C infections when they occur. This article reviews this developing information. Recently published data demonstrate success rates in the treatment of "acute hepatitis C syndrome" that approach 100\%, and although these studies are not directly applicable to all occupational infections, they may provide important clues to optimal management strategies. In addition, the article delineates approaches to the prevention of occupational exposures and also addresses the difficult issue of managing HCV-infected health care providers. The article summarizes currently available data about the nosocomial epidemiology of HCV infection and the magnitude of risk and discusses several alternatives for managing exposure and infection. No evidence supports the use of immediate postexposure prophylaxis with immunoglobulin, immunomodulators, or antiviral agents. Based on the very limited data available, the watchful waiting and preemptive therapy strategies described in detail in this article represent reasonable interim approaches to the complex problem of managing occupational HCV infections, at least until more definitive data are obtained. JF - Clinical microbiology reviews AU - Henderson, David K AD - Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. dkh@nih.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 546 EP - 568 VL - 16 IS - 3 SN - 0893-8512, 0893-8512 KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional KW - Humans KW - Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient KW - Hepatitis C -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis C -- transmission KW - Occupational Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Hepatitis C -- etiology KW - Occupational Diseases -- etiology KW - Health Personnel UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73469311?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+microbiology+reviews&rft.atitle=Managing+occupational+risks+for+hepatitis+C+transmission+in+the+health+care+setting.&rft.au=Henderson%2C+David+K&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=546&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+microbiology+reviews&rft.issn=08938512&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-22 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2000 May;15 Suppl:E91-6 [10921389] Semin Liver Dis. 2000;20(2):127-41 [10946419] Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(8):956-63 [10994278] Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000 Sep;21(9):619 [11001274] Science. 2000 Sep 22;289(5487):2003 [11032545] Eur J 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Infection. 1997 Mar-Apr;25(2):74-7 [9108179] Hepatology. 1997 May;25(5):1245-9 [9141445] Clin Infect Dis. 1997 May;24(5):992-4 [9142809] Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1997 May;18(5):349-63 [9154481] Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jun 24;94(13):6874-9 [9192659] Am J Infect Control. 1997 Jun;25(3):242-7 [9202821] Clin Exp Immunol. 1997 Oct;110(1):4-8 [9353141] N Engl J Med. 1997 Nov 20;337(21):1485-90 [9366579] Int Immunol. 1997 Nov;9(11):1757-66 [9418136] J Viral Hepat. 1997;4 Suppl 2:31-41 [9429208] Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1998 Mar;12(1):13-26 [9494826] Curr Stud Hematol Blood Transfus. 1998;(62):135-51 [9507808] Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Jun;14(6):1179-85 [1623073] N Engl J Med. 1992 Aug 6;327(6):369-73 [1320736] Blood. 1992 Jul 15;80(2):540-3 [1627805] J Infect Dis. 1992 Oct;166(4):900-3 [1382107] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serious asthma exacerbations in asthmatics treated with high-dose formoterol. AN - 73442176; 12853504 AB - To review three prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical studies of formoterol (Foradil Aerolizer; Novartis Pharmaceuticals; Basel, Switzerland) at dosages of 12 microg and 24 microg bid for the treatment of patients with asthma. Clinical studies submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration in support of the approval of Foradil Aerolizer for marketing in the United States. More patients treated regularly with formoterol, 24 micro g bid, had a serious asthma exacerbation than did patients who had been treated with placebo. In the first study, 4 of 135 adult patients (3%) who had been treated with formoterol, 24 microg bid, had a serious asthma exacerbation compared to none of 136 placebo-treated patients. In the second study, 5 of 136 patients (3.7%) treated with formoterol, 24 microg bid, had a serious asthma exacerbation compared to 2 of 141 placebo-treated patients (1.4%). In the third study, 11 of 171 pediatric patients (6.4%) treated with formoterol, 24 microg bid, had a serious asthma exacerbation compared to none of 176 placebo-treated patients. Regular use of high-dose inhaled formoterol (24 microg bid) may be associated with more frequent serious asthma exacerbations. JF - Chest AU - Mann, Marianne AU - Chowdhury, Badrul AU - Sullivan, Eugene AU - Nicklas, Richard AU - Anthracite, Raymond AU - Meyer, Robert J AD - Division of Pulmonary and Allergy Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA. Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 70 EP - 74 VL - 124 IS - 1 SN - 0012-3692, 0012-3692 KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists KW - 0 KW - Ethanolamines KW - Formoterol Fumarate KW - W34SHF8J2K KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Prospective Studies KW - Double-Blind Method KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Child KW - Adolescent KW - Administration, Inhalation KW - Ethanolamines -- therapeutic use KW - Asthma -- drug therapy KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- adverse effects KW - Ethanolamines -- administration & dosage KW - Ethanolamines -- adverse effects KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- administration & dosage KW - Asthma -- chemically induced KW - Adrenergic beta-Agonists -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73442176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chest&rft.atitle=Serious+asthma+exacerbations+in+asthmatics+treated+with+high-dose+formoterol.&rft.au=Mann%2C+Marianne%3BChowdhury%2C+Badrul%3BSullivan%2C+Eugene%3BNicklas%2C+Richard%3BAnthracite%2C+Raymond%3BMeyer%2C+Robert+J&rft.aulast=Mann&rft.aufirst=Marianne&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=124&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=70&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chest&rft.issn=00123692&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Chest. 2004 Apr;125(4):1591 [15078783] Chest. 2004 Apr;125(4):1590-1 [15078782] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Acamprosate for the adjunctive treatment of alcohol dependence. AN - 73441566; 12841823 AB - OBJECTIVE To review the literature related to the treatment of alcohol dependence with acamprosate, a synthetic compound structurally similar to the naturally occurring amino acid, homotaurine. DATA SOURCES Primary literature and review articles were identified by MEDLINE search (1966-June 2003). Abstracts from recent meetings were also reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS Acamprosate has been marketed in 24 countries. Although the precise mechanism of acamprosate in the treatment of alcohol-dependent patients is unclear, it may restore the balance between inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. European trials have shown consistent increases in abstinence rates compared with placebo when acamprosate use was paired with appropriate psychosocial and behavioral therapies. Decreased direct and indirect healthcare costs associated with acamprosate treatment have also been reported. CONCLUSIONS Acamprosate is a promising medication for the treatment of alcohol dependence in the US. JF - The Annals of pharmacotherapy AU - Overman, Gerald P AU - Teter, Christian J AU - Guthrie, Sally K AD - Clinical Center Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-1196, USA. goverman@cc.nih.gov PY - 2003 SP - 1090 EP - 1099 VL - 37 IS - 7-8 SN - 1060-0280, 1060-0280 KW - Alcohol Deterrents KW - 0 KW - Taurine KW - 1EQV5MLY3D KW - acamprosate KW - N4K14YGM3J KW - Index Medicus KW - Kidney Diseases -- metabolism KW - Drug Interactions KW - Liver Diseases -- complications KW - Biopharmaceutics KW - Kidney Diseases -- complications KW - Humans KW - Drug Approval KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Male KW - Female KW - Liver Diseases -- metabolism KW - Alcohol Deterrents -- adverse effects KW - Taurine -- adverse effects KW - Taurine -- therapeutic use KW - Taurine -- pharmacology KW - Alcohol Deterrents -- pharmacology KW - Alcoholism -- drug therapy KW - Taurine -- economics KW - Taurine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Alcohol Deterrents -- pharmacokinetics KW - Taurine -- pharmacokinetics KW - Alcohol Deterrents -- administration & dosage KW - Alcohol Deterrents -- economics KW - Taurine -- administration & dosage KW - Alcohol Deterrents -- therapeutic use UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73441566?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=Acamprosate+for+the+adjunctive+treatment+of+alcohol+dependence.&rft.au=Overman%2C+Gerald+P%3BTeter%2C+Christian+J%3BGuthrie%2C+Sally+K&rft.aulast=Overman&rft.aufirst=Gerald&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=1090&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Annals+of+pharmacotherapy&rft.issn=10600280&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-03 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-02-15 N1 - Last updated - 2017-02-15 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pms2 deficiency results in increased mutation in the Hprt gene but not the Tk gene of Tk(+/-) transgenic mice. AN - 73425684; 12840110 AB - The effects of deficiency in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein Pms2 were investigated using the endogenous mouse Hprt and Tk genes as reporters of intragenic mutation and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Pms2(-/-)Tk(+/-), Pms2(+/+)Tk(+/-), Pms2(+/-)Tk(+/-) and Pms2(-/-)Tk(-/-) mice were bred from Pms2(+/-)Tk(+/-) mice. At 2 months of age, the body weight and splenic T lymphocyte yields were significantly lower in Pms2(-/-)Tk(-/-) mice than in littermates of the other genotypes. The mice were evaluated for their spontaneous mutant frequencies in the Hprt and Tk genes of splenic lymphocytes and their frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes from bone marrow. The cloning efficiency of lymphocytes derived from Pms2(-/-)Tk(-/-) animals was 12-fold lower than that of animals of the other genotypes. Compared with Pms2(+/+) and Pms2(+/-) mice, Pms2(-/-) mice had a 21- to 69-fold increase in the Hprt mutant frequency. The Hprt mutant frequency was equally high in Pms2-deficient, Tk(+/-) and Tk(-/-) mice. No significant Pms2-dependent change in mutant frequency was detected using the Tk mutational target. When individual Tk mutants were analyzed for LOH mutation by allele-specific genotyping, the fraction of LOH mutants was lower in Pms2-deficient than in Pms2-proficient mice (29.2 and 43.6%, respectively). The frequency of bone marrow micronuclei was significantly higher in Pms2(-/-)Tk(-/-) mice than in Pms2(-/-)Tk(+/-) mice. These observations suggest that the simultaneous occurrence of Tk and Pms2 deficiencies may cause a decrease in cell viability that diminishes the Tk mutational response, making it impossible to discern clearly the effect of Pms2 deficiency on LOH-type mutation using the Tk reporter system. The interaction between Tk deficiency and a component of the MMR system suggests that Tk-deficient cells may have higher levels of DNA polymerase misincorporation or endogenous DNA damage than Tk-proficient cells. JF - Mutagenesis AU - Dobrovolsky, Vasily N AU - McKinzie, Page B AU - Shaddock, Joseph G AU - Mittelstaedt, Roberta A AU - Heflich, Robert H AU - Parsons, Barbara L AD - Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, HFT-120, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 365 EP - 370 VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0267-8357, 0267-8357 KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - 0 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Thymidine Kinase KW - EC 2.7.1.21 KW - Adenosine Triphosphatases KW - EC 3.6.1.- KW - Pms2 protein, mouse KW - Mismatch Repair Endonuclease PMS2 KW - EC 3.6.1.3 KW - DNA Repair Enzymes KW - EC 6.5.1.- KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Mice KW - Mice, Transgenic KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- deficiency KW - Adenosine Triphosphatases -- deficiency KW - Mutation KW - Thymidine Kinase -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73425684?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=Pms2+deficiency+results+in+increased+mutation+in+the+Hprt+gene+but+not+the+Tk+gene+of+Tk%28%2B%2F-%29+transgenic+mice.&rft.au=Dobrovolsky%2C+Vasily+N%3BMcKinzie%2C+Page+B%3BShaddock%2C+Joseph+G%3BMittelstaedt%2C+Roberta+A%3BHeflich%2C+Robert+H%3BParsons%2C+Barbara+L&rft.aulast=Dobrovolsky&rft.aufirst=Vasily&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=365&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutagenesis&rft.issn=02678357&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Activation by prion peptide PrP106-126 induces a NF-kappaB-driven proinflammatory response in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. AN - 73424000; 12832450 AB - Specific prion peptides have been shown to mimic the pathologic isoform of the prion protein (PrP) and to induce a neurotoxic effect in vitro and in vivo. As monocytic cells are thought to play a role in the transmission and pathogenesis of prion disease, the use of these peptides in regulating monocytic cell function is under intense investigation. In the current study, we characterize the ability of prion peptide PrP(106-126) to activate specific signaling pathways in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays establish the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB within 15 min of exposure, with as little as 25 micro M peptide. This signaling cascade results in the up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) at the mRNA and protein levels. Phenotypic activation of DCs exposed to PrP(106-126) is partly a result of an autocrine TNF-alpha response and results in an increased ability of these cells to induce lymphocyte proliferation. The effects of PrP(106-126) on DCs were elicited through a receptor complex distinct from that used by human monocytes, demonstrating the ability of this peptide to interact with a multiplicity of receptors on various cell types. Together, these data suggest an involvement of DCs in prion disease pathogenesis. JF - Journal of leukocyte biology AU - Bacot, Silvia M AU - Lenz, Petra AU - Frazier-Jessen, Michelle R AU - Feldman, Gerald M AD - Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 118 EP - 125 VL - 74 IS - 1 SN - 0741-5400, 0741-5400 KW - Cytokines KW - 0 KW - NF-kappa B KW - Peptide Fragments KW - Prions KW - prion protein (106-126) KW - N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine KW - 59880-97-6 KW - Index Medicus KW - N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine -- pharmacology KW - Prion Diseases -- etiology KW - Monocytes -- cytology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Inflammation -- immunology KW - Gene Expression Regulation KW - Dendritic Cells -- immunology KW - Prions -- pharmacology KW - Cytokines -- biosynthesis KW - Peptide Fragments -- pharmacology KW - Dendritic Cells -- drug effects KW - NF-kappa B -- physiology KW - Dendritic Cells -- cytology KW - NF-kappa B -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73424000?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+leukocyte+biology&rft.atitle=Activation+by+prion+peptide+PrP106-126+induces+a+NF-kappaB-driven+proinflammatory+response+in+human+monocyte-derived+dendritic+cells.&rft.au=Bacot%2C+Silvia+M%3BLenz%2C+Petra%3BFrazier-Jessen%2C+Michelle+R%3BFeldman%2C+Gerald+M&rft.aulast=Bacot&rft.aufirst=Silvia&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=74&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=118&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+leukocyte+biology&rft.issn=07415400&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-19 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - International environmental health for the pediatrician: case study of lead poisoning. AN - 73421068; 12837919 AB - Childhood lead poisoning is a preventable illness. In the past 3 decades, removal of key lead sources and prevention of exposure in the United States have led to dramatic decreases in population blood lead concentrations and also in instances of severe lead poisoning requiring treatment. From an international perspective, childhood lead poisoning seems to be of greatest concern in developing countries. The phasing out of lead from gasoline is a critical first step in decreasing worldwide blood lead concentrations. However, many focal sources that can cause lead poisoning remain, such as lead from flour mills, lead-glazed ceramics, mining and smelting, and battery repair and recycling. A large and diverse country, such as India, may have many sources of lead. The challenge will be for developing countries to implement effective national and regional efforts to address their specific sources of lead. JF - Pediatrics AU - Falk, Henry AD - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. hxf1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 259 EP - 264 VL - 112 IS - 1 Pt 2 KW - Environmental Pollutants KW - 0 KW - Gasoline KW - Lead KW - 2P299V784P KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Humans KW - Paint KW - Child KW - Lead -- blood KW - India KW - Environmental Health KW - Lead Poisoning UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73421068?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=International+environmental+health+for+the+pediatrician%3A+case+study+of+lead+poisoning.&rft.au=Falk%2C+Henry&rft.aulast=Falk&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=1+Pt+2&rft.spage=259&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pediatrics&rft.issn=1098-4275&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-14 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular, serological, and virulence characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from environmental, food, and clinical sources in North America and Asia. AN - 73418007; 12839774 AB - Potential virulence attributes, serotypes, and ribotypes were determined for 178 pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical, environmental, and food sources on the Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf Coasts of the United States and from clinical sources in Asia. The food and environmental isolates were generally from oysters, and they were defined as being pathogenic by using DNA probes to detect the presence of the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene. The clinical isolates from the United States were generally associated with oyster consumption, and most were obtained from outbreaks in Washington, Texas, and New York. Multiplex PCR was used to confirm the species identification and the presence of tdh and to test for the tdh-related hemolysin trh. Most of the environmental, food, and clinical isolates from the United States were positive for tdh, trh, and urease production. Outbreak-associated isolates from Texas, New York, and Asia were predominantly serotype O3:K6 and possessed only tdh. A total of 27 serotypes and 28 ribogroups were identified among the isolates, but the patterns of strain distribution differed between the serotypes and ribogroups. All but one of the O3:K6 isolates from Texas were in a different ribogroup from the O3:K6 isolates from New York or Asia. The O3:K6 serotype was not detected in any of the environmental and food isolates from the United States, and none of the food or environmental isolates belonged to any of the three ribogroups that contained all of the O3:K6 and related clinical isolates. The combination of serotyping and ribotyping showed that the Pacific Coast V. parahaemolyticus population appeared to be distinct from that of either the Atlantic Coast or Gulf Coast. The fact that certain serotypes and ribotypes contained both clinical and environmental isolates while many others contained only environmental isolates implies that certain serotypes or ribotypes are more relevant for human disease. JF - Applied and environmental microbiology AU - DePaola, Angelo AU - Ulaszek, Jodie AU - Kaysner, Charles A AU - Tenge, Bradley J AU - Nordstrom, Jessica L AU - Wells, Joy AU - Puhr, Nancy AU - Gendel, Steven M AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA. adepaola@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 3999 EP - 4005 VL - 69 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Bacterial Toxins KW - 0 KW - Hemolysin Proteins KW - thermostable direct hemolysin KW - 135433-21-5 KW - Index Medicus KW - Virulence KW - Ribotyping KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Animals KW - Food Microbiology KW - Humans KW - Hemolysin Proteins -- genetics KW - Asia -- epidemiology KW - Serotyping KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Hemolysin Proteins -- metabolism KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus -- classification KW - Ostreidae -- virology KW - Vibrio Infections -- microbiology KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus -- pathogenicity KW - Vibrio parahaemolyticus -- genetics KW - Vibrio Infections -- epidemiology KW - Environmental Microbiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73418007?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.atitle=Molecular%2C+serological%2C+and+virulence+characteristics+of+Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+isolated+from+environmental%2C+food%2C+and+clinical+sources+in+North+America+and+Asia.&rft.au=DePaola%2C+Angelo%3BUlaszek%2C+Jodie%3BKaysner%2C+Charles+A%3BTenge%2C+Bradley+J%3BNordstrom%2C+Jessica+L%3BWells%2C+Joy%3BPuhr%2C+Nancy%3BGendel%2C+Steven+M&rft.aulast=DePaola&rft.aufirst=Angelo&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3999&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+environmental+microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Cited By: J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Feb;38(2):578-85 [10655349] J Bacteriol. 1969 Nov;100(2):1147-9 [5391048] Infect Immun. 2000 Oct;68(10):5742-8 [10992480] JAMA. 2000 Sep 27;284(12):1541-5 [11000648] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Nov;66(11):4649-54 [11055906] FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2000 Nov 15;192(2):231-6 [11064200] J Food Prot. 2000 Dec;63(12):1660-4 [11131887] J Food Prot. 2001 May;64(5):682-6 [11348000] J Food Prot. 2001 Oct;64(10):1617-20 [11601716] J Food Prot. 2002 Jan;65(1):79-87 [11808810] J Microbiol Methods. 2003 Feb;52(2):273-7 [12459249] J Food Prot. 2002 Dec;65(12):1873-80 [12495004] Appl Environ Microbiol. 2003 Mar;69(3):1521-6 [12620838] Appl Microbiol. 1975 May;29(5):635-40 [1096817] Infect Immun. 1982 Jul;37(1):60-3 [7107010] Crit Rev Microbiol. 1982;10(1):77-124 [6756788] Infect Immun. 1985 Sep;49(3):481-6 [4030087] Lancet. 1987 Feb 7;1(8528):331-2 [2880146] Infect Immun. 1988 Apr;56(4):961-5 [3126151] J Clin Microbiol. 1989 Dec;27(12):2820-2 [2592543] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Apr;56(4):904-7 [2339878] Appl Environ Microbiol. 1990 Aug;56(8):2299-302 [2403249] Infect Immun. 1992 Sep;60(9):3539-45 [1500161] Infect Immun. 1992 Dec;60(12):5259-66 [1452359] Mol Cell Probes. 1992 Dec;6(6):477-87 [1480187] Infect Immun. 1995 Oct;63(10):3790-5 [7558281] J Clin Microbiol. 1997 Aug;35(8):1965-71 [9230364] J Clin Microbiol. 1997 Dec;35(12):3150-5 [9399511] MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999 Jan 29;48(3):48-51 [9935142] J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Jul;37(7):2354-7 [10364615] J Microbiol Methods. 1999 Jun;36(3):215-25 [10379807] J Clin Microbiol. 1999 Aug;37(8):2473-8 [10405387] Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Sep-Oct;5(5):607-25 [10511517] J Food Prot. 2000 Jul;63(7):900-6 [10914657] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of SEN viruses among injection drug users in the San Francisco Bay area. AN - 73410350; 12825166 AB - SEN viruses (SENVs) are newly discovered bloodborne viruses that may play a role in liver disease. SENV strain prevalence was examined in a race/ethnicity-stratified sample of 531 injection drug users (IDUs) from the San Francisco Bay area. Weighted prevalences were as follows: SENV-A, 45.7%; SENV-C/H, 35.6%; and SENV-D, 10.3%. Infection was associated with a longer duration of injection drug use. SENV-A was more common in black subjects (adjusted odds ratio [OR(a)], 4.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.65-7.21) and Hispanic subjects (OR(a), 2.30; 95% CI, 1.38-3.85) than in white and non-Hispanic subjects, and the pattern was similar for SENV-C/H. For SENV-D, prevalence was similar in black and white subjects, but lower in Hispanic subjects; infection was less common among women than men (OR(a), 0.32; 95% CI, 0.15-0.71) and more common among men with at least 1 recent male sex partner than among heterosexual men (OR(a), 7.05; 95% CI, 2.62-18.95). SENV strains are common among San Francisco Bay area IDUs, and prevalence varies demographically within this group. JF - The Journal of infectious diseases AU - Pfeiffer, Ruth M AU - Tanaka, Yasuhito AU - Yeo, Anthony E T AU - Umemura, Takeji AU - Seal, Karen H AU - Shih, J Wai-Kuo AU - Alter, Harvey J AU - Edlin, Brian R AU - O'Brien, Thomas R AD - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. Y1 - 2003/07/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jul 01 SP - 13 EP - 18 VL - 188 IS - 1 SN - 0022-1899, 0022-1899 KW - DNA, Viral KW - 0 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Humans KW - African Americans KW - Aged KW - Hispanic Americans KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - European Continental Ancestry Group KW - Adult KW - DNA, Viral -- blood KW - San Francisco -- epidemiology KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - Prevalence KW - DNA Virus Infections -- epidemiology KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- virology KW - DNA Virus Infections -- ethnology KW - DNA Virus Infections -- complications KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- ethnology KW - DNA Viruses -- isolation & purification KW - Substance Abuse, Intravenous -- complications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73410350?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+SEN+viruses+among+injection+drug+users+in+the+San+Francisco+Bay+area.&rft.au=Pfeiffer%2C+Ruth+M%3BTanaka%2C+Yasuhito%3BYeo%2C+Anthony+E+T%3BUmemura%2C+Takeji%3BSeal%2C+Karen+H%3BShih%2C+J+Wai-Kuo%3BAlter%2C+Harvey+J%3BEdlin%2C+Brian+R%3BO%27Brien%2C+Thomas+R&rft.aulast=Pfeiffer&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=188&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+infectious+diseases&rft.issn=00221899&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approval summary for zoledronic acid for treatment of multiple myeloma and cancer bone metastases. AN - 73405687; 12855610 AB - This article summarizes data submitted to the United States Food and Drug Administration for marketing approval of zoledronic acid (Zol; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ), a bisphosphonate drug for treating patients with bone metastases. We review the chemistry, toxicology, pharmacology, and clinical study results submitted to support the supplemental New Drug Application for Zol for treatment of patients with bone metastases. Four- and 8-mg Zol doses were selected for Phase III trials based on bone resorption markers and clinical efficacy parameters. Patients with bone metastases were randomized in three Phase III studies (prostate cancer, solid tumors, and multiple myeloma or breast cancer) to receive 4 or 8 mg of Zol or to a control arm. The control was a placebo in the prostate cancer study and the other solid tumor study and was 90 mg of pamidronate (Pam) in the study of breast cancer and multiple myeloma. Studies were amended twice because of renal toxicity, initially to increase Zol infusion time from 5 to 15 min and later to decrease the dose in the Zol 8-mg arm to 4 mg. The efficacy end point was skeletal-related events (SREs), a composite end point consisting of pathologic fracture, radiation therapy to bone, changes in antineoplastic therapy for bone pain (prostate cancer only), surgery to bone, or spinal cord compression. This end point was analyzed either as the proportion of patients with SRE or time to first SRE. The breast cancer and myeloma study used a noninferiority statistical analysis methods to determine efficacy. In prostate cancer, both the proportions analysis and time-to-SRE analysis showed significantly less bone morbidity on Zol (4 mg) than placebo, but no significant difference between Zol (8 mg) and placebo in either analysis. In the solid tumor study, the time to SRE analysis but not the proportions analysis showed significantly less skeletal morbidity on Zol (4 mg) than placebo, and Zol (8 mg) was significantly better than placebo in both analyses. The breast cancer and myeloma study demonstrated noninferiority of Zol compared with Pam, with Zol retaining at least 49.3% of the Pam treatment effect previously demonstrated in placebo-controlled trials. Zol was approved on February 22, 2002, by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the "treatment of patients with multiple myeloma and documented bone metastases from solid tumors, in conjunction with standard antineoplastic therapy. Prostate cancer should have progressed after treatment with at least one hormonal therapy." The recommended dose and schedule is 4 mg of Zol infused over 15 min every 3-4 weeks. Increased Zol doses and shorter infusions are not recommended because of potential renal toxicity. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Ibrahim, Amna AU - Scher, Nancy AU - Williams, Grant AU - Sridhara, Rajeshwari AU - Li, Ning AU - Chen, Gang AU - Leighton, John AU - Booth, Brian AU - Gobburu, Jogarao V S AU - Rahman, Atiqur AU - Hsieh, Yung AU - Wood, Rebecca AU - Vause, Debra AU - Pazdur, Richard AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. ibrahima@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 2394 EP - 2399 VL - 9 IS - 7 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Diphosphonates KW - Imidazoles KW - Placebos KW - zoledronic acid KW - 6XC1PAD3KF KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Breast Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Humans KW - Kidney -- drug effects KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Prostatic Neoplasms -- pathology KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Breast Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Neoplasm Metastasis KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Time Factors KW - Female KW - Male KW - Diphosphonates -- therapeutic use KW - Multiple Myeloma -- drug therapy KW - Multiple Myeloma -- pathology KW - Bone Neoplasms -- drug therapy KW - Imidazoles -- therapeutic use KW - Bone Neoplasms -- secondary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73405687?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Approval+summary+for+zoledronic+acid+for+treatment+of+multiple+myeloma+and+cancer+bone+metastases.&rft.au=Ibrahim%2C+Amna%3BScher%2C+Nancy%3BWilliams%2C+Grant%3BSridhara%2C+Rajeshwari%3BLi%2C+Ning%3BChen%2C+Gang%3BLeighton%2C+John%3BBooth%2C+Brian%3BGobburu%2C+Jogarao+V+S%3BRahman%2C+Atiqur%3BHsieh%2C+Yung%3BWood%2C+Rebecca%3BVause%2C+Debra%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Ibrahim&rft.aufirst=Amna&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=2394&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-04-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-11 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The conduct of in vitro and in vivo drug-drug interaction studies: a Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) perspective. AN - 73405157; 12814957 AB - Current regulatory guidances do not address specific study designs for in vitro and in vivo drug-drug interaction studies. There is a common desire by regulatory authorities and by industry sponsors to harmonize approaches, to allow for a better assessment of the significance of findings across different studies and drugs. There is also a growing consensus for the standardization of cytochrome P450 (P450) probe substrates, inhibitors and inducers and for the development of classification systems to improve the communication of risk to health care providers and to patients. While existing guidances cover mainly P450-mediated drug interactions, the importance of other mechanisms, such as transporters, has been recognized more recently, and should also be addressed. This article was prepared by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) Drug Metabolism and Clinical Pharmacology Technical Working Groups and represents the current industry position. The intent is to define a minimal best practice for in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction studies targeted to development (not discovery support) and to define a data package that can be expected by regulatory agencies in compound registration dossiers. JF - Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals AU - Bjornsson, Thorir D AU - Callaghan, John T AU - Einolf, Heidi J AU - Fischer, Volker AU - Gan, Lawrence AU - Grimm, Scott AU - Kao, John AU - King, S Peter AU - Miwa, Gerald AU - Ni, Lan AU - Kumar, Gondi AU - McLeod, James AU - Obach, R Scott AU - Roberts, Stanley AU - Roe, Amy AU - Shah, Anita AU - Snikeris, Fred AU - Sullivan, John T AU - Tweedie, Donald AU - Vega, Jose M AU - Walsh, John AU - Wrighton, Steven A AU - Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) Drug Metabolism/Clinical Pharmacology Technical Working Group AU - FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) AD - Wyeth, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA. ; Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) Drug Metabolism/Clinical Pharmacology Technical Working Group ; FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 815 EP - 832 VL - 31 IS - 7 SN - 0090-9556, 0090-9556 KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System KW - 9035-51-2 KW - Index Medicus KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- metabolism KW - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System -- classification KW - Drug Industry KW - Drug Interactions KW - Research Design UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73405157?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.atitle=The+conduct+of+in+vitro+and+in+vivo+drug-drug+interaction+studies%3A+a+Pharmaceutical+Research+and+Manufacturers+of+America+%28PhRMA%29+perspective.&rft.au=Bjornsson%2C+Thorir+D%3BCallaghan%2C+John+T%3BEinolf%2C+Heidi+J%3BFischer%2C+Volker%3BGan%2C+Lawrence%3BGrimm%2C+Scott%3BKao%2C+John%3BKing%2C+S+Peter%3BMiwa%2C+Gerald%3BNi%2C+Lan%3BKumar%2C+Gondi%3BMcLeod%2C+James%3BObach%2C+R+Scott%3BRoberts%2C+Stanley%3BRoe%2C+Amy%3BShah%2C+Anita%3BSnikeris%2C+Fred%3BSullivan%2C+John+T%3BTweedie%2C+Donald%3BVega%2C+Jose+M%3BWalsh%2C+John%3BWrighton%2C+Steven+A%3BPharmaceutical+Research+and+Manufacturers+of+America+%28PhRMA%29+Drug+Metabolism%2FClinical+Pharmacology+Technical+Working+Group%3BFDA+Center+for+Drug+Evaluation+and+Research+%28CDER%29&rft.aulast=Bjornsson&rft.aufirst=Thorir&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=815&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Drug+metabolism+and+disposition%3A+the+biological+fate+of+chemicals&rft.issn=00909556&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-03-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Nov;31(11):1456-7 [14570779] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Control of respirable dust and crystalline silica from breaking concrete with a jackhammer. AN - 73395477; 12791543 JF - Applied occupational and environmental hygiene AU - Echt, Alan AU - Sieber, Karl AU - Jones, Erica AU - Schill, Donald AU - Lefkowitz, Daniel AU - Sugar, Joseph AU - Hoffner, Ken AD - Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA. Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 491 EP - 495 VL - 18 IS - 7 SN - 1047-322X, 1047-322X KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational KW - 0 KW - Dust KW - Water KW - 059QF0KO0R KW - Silicon Dioxide KW - 7631-86-9 KW - Index Medicus KW - Environmental Monitoring KW - Equipment Design KW - Ventilation -- methods KW - Equipment Failure Analysis KW - Air Pollutants, Occupational -- analysis KW - Humans KW - Water -- administration & dosage KW - Protective Devices KW - Occupational Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Inhalation Exposure -- prevention & control KW - Inhalation Exposure -- analysis KW - Construction Materials KW - Occupational Exposure -- analysis KW - Dust -- prevention & control UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73395477?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.atitle=Control+of+respirable+dust+and+crystalline+silica+from+breaking+concrete+with+a+jackhammer.&rft.au=Echt%2C+Alan%3BSieber%2C+Karl%3BJones%2C+Erica%3BSchill%2C+Donald%3BLefkowitz%2C+Daniel%3BSugar%2C+Joseph%3BHoffner%2C+Ken&rft.aulast=Echt&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=491&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+occupational+and+environmental+hygiene&rft.issn=1047322X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Toxicity of acetaminophen, salicylic acid, and caffeine for first-passage rat renal inner medullary collecting duct cells. AN - 73387919; 12663684 AB - Chronic excess ingestion of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs causes renal medullary necrosis. Previously, using an immortalized line of mouse inner medullary collecting ducts cells (mIMCD3), we found that acetaminophen, salicylic acid, and caffeine are toxic, and the effects of acetaminophen and caffeine are strongly additive. Furthermore, toxicity was greater in proliferating than in nonproliferating cells. Important limitations were that mIMCD3 cells do not readily tolerate the high concentrations of salt and urea normally present in renal inner medullas and proliferate much more rapidly than inner medullary cells in vivo. Thus, these cells may not serve as an appropriate model for the in vivo IMCD. The present studies address these limitations by using passage-1 rat inner medullary collecting duct (p1rIMCD) cells, which tolerate high salt and urea and become contact inhibited when confluent. At 640 mOsmol/kg (the lowest normal inner medullary osmolality), the drugs, singly and in combination, reduce the number of proliferating (i.e., subconfluent) p1rIMCD cells more than they do confluent cells. Effects of acetaminophen and caffeine are strongly additive. Addition of as little as 0.1 mM caffeine significantly enhances the toxicity of acetaminophen plus salicylic acid. With confluent cells at 640 mOsmol/kg and very slowly growing cells at 1370 mOsmol/kg, combinations of drugs that include acetaminophen increase proliferation, accompanied by DNA damage and apoptosis. We conclude that these drugs are toxic to renal inner medullary collecting duct cells under the conditions of high osmolality normally present in the inner medulla, that combinations of the drugs are more toxic than are the drugs individually, and that the toxicity includes induction of proliferation of these cells that are otherwise quiescent in the presence of high osmolality. JF - The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics AU - Cai, Qi AU - Dmitrieva, Natalia I AU - Michea, Luis F AU - Rocha, Gerson AU - Ferguson, Douglas AU - Burg, Maurice B AD - Laboratory of Kidney and Electrolytes Metabolism, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1603, USA. Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 35 EP - 42 VL - 306 IS - 1 SN - 0022-3565, 0022-3565 KW - Keratolytic Agents KW - 0 KW - Acetaminophen KW - 362O9ITL9D KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - Salicylic Acid KW - O414PZ4LPZ KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Cell Count KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Keratolytic Agents -- pharmacology KW - Mice KW - Salicylic Acid -- pharmacology KW - Kidney Tubules, Collecting -- cytology KW - Kidney Tubules, Collecting -- drug effects KW - Kidney Medulla -- drug effects KW - Caffeine -- pharmacology KW - Kidney Medulla -- cytology KW - Acetaminophen -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73387919?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.atitle=Toxicity+of+acetaminophen%2C+salicylic+acid%2C+and+caffeine+for+first-passage+rat+renal+inner+medullary+collecting+duct+cells.&rft.au=Cai%2C+Qi%3BDmitrieva%2C+Natalia+I%3BMichea%2C+Luis+F%3BRocha%2C+Gerson%3BFerguson%2C+Douglas%3BBurg%2C+Maurice+B&rft.aulast=Cai&rft.aufirst=Qi&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=306&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+pharmacology+and+experimental+therapeutics&rft.issn=00223565&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-19 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Involvement of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in the motor effects of caffeine after its acute and chronic administration. AN - 73367286; 12700682 AB - The involvement of adenosine A(1) and A(2A) receptors in the motor effects of caffeine is still a matter of debate. In the present study, counteraction of the motor-depressant effects of the selective A(1) receptor agonist CPA and the A(2A) receptor agonist CGS 21680 by caffeine, the selective A(1) receptor antagonist CPT, and the A(2A) receptor antagonist MSX-3 was compared. CPT and MSX-3 produced motor activation at the same doses that selectively counteracted motor depression induced by CPA and CGS 21680, respectively. Caffeine also counteracted motor depression induced by CPA and CGS 21680 at doses that produced motor activation. However, caffeine was less effective than CPT at counteracting CPA and even less effective than MSX-3 at counteracting CGS 21680. On the other hand, when administered alone in habituated animals, caffeine produced stronger motor activation than CPT or MSX-3. An additive effect on motor activation was obtained when CPT and MSX-3 were coadministered. Altogether, these results suggest that the motor-activating effects of acutely administered caffeine in rats involve the central blockade of both A(1) and A(2A) receptors. Chronic exposure to caffeine in the drinking water (1.0 mg/ml) resulted in tolerance to the motor effects of an acute administration of caffeine, lack of tolerance to amphetamine, apparent tolerance to MSX-3 (shift to the left of its 'bell-shaped' dose-response curve), and true cross-tolerance to CPT. The present results suggest that development of tolerance to the effects of A(1) receptor blockade might be mostly responsible for the tolerance to the motor-activating effects of caffeine and that the residual motor-activating effects of caffeine in tolerant individuals might be mostly because of A(2A) receptor blockade. JF - Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology AU - Karcz-Kubicha, Marzena AU - Antoniou, Katerina AU - Terasmaa, Anton AU - Quarta, Davide AU - Solinas, Marcello AU - Justinova, Zuzana AU - Pezzola, Antonella AU - Reggio, Rosaria AU - Müller, Christa E AU - Fuxe, Kjell AU - Goldberg, Steven R AU - Popoli, Patrizia AU - Ferré, Sergi AD - Preclinical Pharmacology Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, NIDA, NIH, IRP, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD, USA. Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 1281 EP - 1291 VL - 28 IS - 7 SN - 0893-133X, 0893-133X KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants KW - 0 KW - MSX 3 compound KW - Phenethylamines KW - Purinergic P1 Receptor Agonists KW - Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists KW - Receptor, Adenosine A2A KW - Receptors, Purinergic P1 KW - Triazines KW - Triazoles KW - Xanthines KW - ZM 241385 KW - Tritium KW - 10028-17-8 KW - 2-(4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine KW - 120225-54-9 KW - 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine KW - 35873-49-5 KW - Caffeine KW - 3G6A5W338E KW - N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine KW - 41552-82-3 KW - 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine KW - 9PTP4FOI9E KW - Theophylline KW - C137DTR5RG KW - Amphetamine KW - CK833KGX7E KW - Adenosine KW - K72T3FS567 KW - Index Medicus KW - Tritium -- pharmacokinetics KW - Animals KW - Drug Administration Schedule -- veterinary KW - Drug Interactions KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Xanthines -- pharmacokinetics KW - Xanthines -- pharmacology KW - Triazoles -- pharmacokinetics KW - Behavior, Animal KW - Rats KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Triazines -- pharmacokinetics KW - Time Factors KW - Amphetamine -- pharmacology KW - Phenethylamines -- pharmacology KW - Radioligand Assay -- methods KW - Male KW - Theophylline -- analogs & derivatives KW - Adenosine -- pharmacology KW - Receptors, Purinergic P1 -- physiology KW - Caffeine -- administration & dosage KW - Theophylline -- pharmacology KW - Adenosine -- analogs & derivatives KW - Motor Activity -- drug effects KW - Central Nervous System Stimulants -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73367286?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuropsychopharmacology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+College+of+Neuropsychopharmacology&rft.atitle=Involvement+of+adenosine+A1+and+A2A+receptors+in+the+motor+effects+of+caffeine+after+its+acute+and+chronic+administration.&rft.au=Karcz-Kubicha%2C+Marzena%3BAntoniou%2C+Katerina%3BTerasmaa%2C+Anton%3BQuarta%2C+Davide%3BSolinas%2C+Marcello%3BJustinova%2C+Zuzana%3BPezzola%2C+Antonella%3BReggio%2C+Rosaria%3BM%C3%BCller%2C+Christa+E%3BFuxe%2C+Kjell%3BGoldberg%2C+Steven+R%3BPopoli%2C+Patrizia%3BFerr%C3%A9%2C+Sergi&rft.aulast=Karcz-Kubicha&rft.aufirst=Marzena&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=1281&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neuropsychopharmacology+%3A+official+publication+of+the+American+College+of+Neuropsychopharmacology&rft.issn=0893133X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-09-02 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Potent antitumor activity of IL-13 cytotoxin in human pancreatic tumors engineered to express IL-13 receptor alpha2 chain in vivo. AN - 73336321; 12808442 AB - Interleukin-13 receptor (IL-13R) alpha2 chain plays a key role in ligand binding and internalization. We have recently demonstrated that this cytokine receptor chain has unique characteristics in tumor biology: it inhibits tumorigenicity of breast and pancreatic cancer in animal models. In this study, we have exploited IL-13Ralpha2 chain and established a novel approach for pancreatic cancer therapy. For this, a plasmid encoding the IL-13Ralpha2 chain gene was mixed with liposomes and injected into subcutaneously or orthotopically xenografted human pancreatic tumors in immunodeficient mice, followed by systemic or local therapy by a recombinant IL-13 cytotoxin. Only tumors forced to express IL-13Ralpha2 chain acquired extreme susceptibility to the antitumor effect of IL-13 cytotoxin. There was a dominant infiltration of cells including macrophages and natural killer cells in the regressing tumors. Since macrophages were found to produce nitric oxide, IL-13Ralpha2-targeted cancer therapy involved not only a direct tumor cell killing by IL-13 cytotoxin but also activation of innate immune response at the tumor site. Therefore, this approach may be a new powerful tool for pancreatic cancer or other localized cancer therapy. JF - Gene therapy AU - Kawakami, K AU - Kawakami, M AU - Husain, S R AU - Puri, R K AD - Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, NIH Building 29, 29 Lincoln Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-4555, USA. Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 1116 EP - 1128 VL - 10 IS - 13 SN - 0969-7128, 0969-7128 KW - Antigens, Neoplasm KW - 0 KW - IL13RA1 protein, human KW - Il13ra1 protein, mouse KW - Immunotoxins KW - Interleukin-13 KW - Interleukin-13 Receptor alpha1 Subunit KW - Receptors, Interleukin KW - Receptors, Interleukin-13 KW - Nitric Oxide KW - 31C4KY9ESH KW - Index Medicus KW - Models, Animal KW - Animals KW - Injections, Intralesional KW - Humans KW - Macrophage Activation KW - Gene Expression KW - Mice KW - Mice, Nude KW - Radioligand Assay KW - Nitric Oxide -- biosynthesis KW - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction KW - Binding Sites KW - Neoplasm Transplantation KW - Transfection -- methods KW - Interleukin-13 -- immunology KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- metabolism KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms -- therapy KW - Pancreatic Neoplasms -- metabolism KW - Receptors, Interleukin -- genetics KW - Genetic Therapy -- methods KW - Immunotoxins -- pharmacology KW - Interleukin-13 -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73336321?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gene+therapy&rft.atitle=Potent+antitumor+activity+of+IL-13+cytotoxin+in+human+pancreatic+tumors+engineered+to+express+IL-13+receptor+alpha2+chain+in+vivo.&rft.au=Kawakami%2C+K%3BKawakami%2C+M%3BHusain%2C+S+R%3BPuri%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Kawakami&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=1116&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Gene+therapy&rft.issn=09697128&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-21 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-16 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Strategy for controlling noise and vibration during renovation of an animal facility. AN - 71649024; 19760848 AB - The noise level in an animal facility is an important environmental variable that can adversely affect animal welfare, as well as experimental data. The authors describe the strategy they used to record, evaluate, and control excess noise and vibration during a period of renovation, while maintaining the operation of a research facility. JF - Lab animal AU - Sobotka, Thomas J AU - Harper, Susan AU - Hanig, Joseph AU - Robl, Martin AD - Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. tsobotka@cfsan.fda.gov PY - 2003 SP - 34 EP - 40 VL - 32 IS - 7 SN - 0093-7355, 0093-7355 KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Noise -- prevention & control KW - Vibration KW - Animal Welfare KW - Housing, Animal -- standards KW - Animals, Laboratory UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71649024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lab+animal&rft.atitle=Strategy+for+controlling+noise+and+vibration+during+renovation+of+an+animal+facility.&rft.au=Sobotka%2C+Thomas+J%3BHarper%2C+Susan%3BHanig%2C+Joseph%3BRobl%2C+Martin&rft.aulast=Sobotka&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=34&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Lab+animal&rft.issn=00937355&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2009-11-02 N1 - Date created - 2009-09-17 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - GEN T1 - America's Children: Key National Indicators of Well-Being, 2003. AN - 62185624; ED478474 AB - This report is the seventh to present nation-wide data on the well-being of U.S. children. The statistical portrait is based on indicators of child well-being and on contextual measures describing the changing population and family context. Part 1 of the report, "Population and Family Characteristics," presents data that illustrate the changes that have taken place during the past few decades in nine measures depicting the context of children's lives, including children as a proportion of the population, racial and ethnic composition, and family structure and children's living arrangements. Part 2 of the report, "Indicators of Children's Well-Being," presents data on 25 key indicators in the areas of economic security, including secure parental employment, and access to health care; health, including a new "overweight" indicator; behavior and social environment, including substance abuse, and youth as victims or perpetrators of violent crimes; and education, including families reading to young children and high school academic course taking. For each background measure in part 1 and indicator in part 2, three components are presented: statements about why the measure or indicator is important, figures showing important facts about trends or population groups, and highlights with information on the current status, recent trends, and important differences by population groups noted. This year's report reveals significant progress in several dimensions of well-being: adolescents are more likely to take honors courses, children overall are less likely to die in infancy or in adolescence, young women have continued the downward trend of giving birth in adolescence, and after a decade-long decline, the share of children with married parents has remained unchanged since 1996. Less progress has been realized in the economic security of children. The poverty rate remains stable, the percentage of children with a parent employed full-time declined slightly, and the percentage of households with children that encountered housing problems maintained the same rate since 1995. A special section of the report details changes in the lives of American children from 1990-2000 for selected measures of population and family characteristics, economic security, and education. The report's appendices include detailed data tables and data source descriptions. (HTH) AU - Benson, Carole Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 157 PB - Health Resources and Services Administration Information Center, 2070 Chain Bridge Road, Suite 450, Vienna, VA 22182 (Single copies). Tel: 800-Ask-HRSA (Toll Free); e-mail: ask@hrsa.gov; Web site: http://childstats.gov. For full text: http://childstats.gov/ac2003/pdf/ac2003.pdf. KW - Indicators KW - United States KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Family Characteristics KW - Substance Abuse KW - Mortality Rate KW - Well Being KW - Socioeconomic Status KW - Child Health KW - Academic Achievement KW - Infant Mortality KW - Elementary Secondary Education KW - Early Childhood Education KW - Prenatal Care KW - Higher Education KW - National Surveys KW - Out of School Youth KW - Preschool Education KW - Victims of Crime KW - Child Neglect KW - Limited English Speaking KW - Family Literacy KW - Adolescents KW - Social Indicators KW - Births to Single Women KW - Ethnicity KW - Educational Indicators KW - Employed Parents KW - Race KW - Immigrants KW - Children KW - Violence KW - Health Insurance KW - Poverty KW - Youth Employment KW - Child Abuse KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62185624?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - SuppNotes - For 2002 edition, see ED 467 548. N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - GEN T1 - The ADSS Cost Study: Costs of Substance Abuse Treatment in the Specialty Sector. AN - 62183546; ED481937 AB - Understanding the cost of resources used in substance abuse treatment is of critical concern to policymakers, payers, and providers of care. The Alcohol and Drug Services Study (ADSS) was performed from 1996 to 1999. ADSS is a national study conducted in three phases to collect representative data on the characteristics of substance abuse treatment facilities, clients in treatment, post-treatment client status, and financing of care in the specialty substance abuse treatment sector. The purpose of the ADSS cost study was to provide a detailed data file and national estimates for cost, revenue, counseling activities, and staffing collected from a nationally representative sample of substance abuse treatment facilities. This report provides a detailed description of the methods used in the ADSS cost study, along with findings regarding key cost variables important to understanding the use of resources in substance abuse treatment. Four appendixes contain the ADSS Data Review Worksheet, the Phases I and II Questionnaire Data Summary Table, Internal and External Data Estimates, and Variance Estimation of Ratio Estimators. (Contains 16 tables and 6 figures.) (GCP) Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 69 PB - National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345; Tel: 301-468-2600; Tel: 800-729-6686 (Toll Free); Tel: 800-487-4889 (TDD) (Toll Free). For full text: http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/ADSS/ADSSCostStudy.pdf. KW - ERIC, Resources in Education (RIE) KW - Substance Abuse KW - Rehabilitation Programs KW - Resource Allocation KW - Cost Effectiveness KW - Data Collection KW - National Surveys KW - Tables (Data) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/62183546?accountid=14244 LA - English DB - ERIC N1 - Availability - Level 1 - Available online, if indexed January 1993 onward N1 - Last updated - 2014-03-21 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Quality Improvement Centers on Child Protective Services and Adoption: Testing a Regionalized Approach to Building the Evidence Base -- A Federal Perspective AN - 61484576; 200402562 AB - Each year, the US Dept of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children & Families, Children's Bureau spends approximately $110 million on discretionary activities to fund a variety of research & demonstration grants, training & technical assistance cooperative agreements, & multiyear research contracts with the purpose of building the knowledge base for child abuse & neglect & child welfare services. As part of this effort, the Children's Bureau manages more than 200 grants, cooperative agreements, contracts, & interagency agreements, with most individual awards ranging from $100,000 to several million dollars per year. Each project is testing a specific research question or service model, covering a wide range of topics related to child maltreatment, child protective services, child welfare, adoption, & child abuse & neglect prevention, treatment, & intervention (US Dept of Health & Human Services, 2003). This article presents a more in-depth discussion on the Quality Improvement Center projects. 5 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Professional Development: The International Journal of Continuing Social Work Education AU - Brodowski, Melissa Lim AU - Flanzer, Sally AU - Nolan, Catherine AU - Kaye, Elyse AD - Office Child Abuse & Neglect, Children's Burueau, Administration Children & Families, US Dept Health & Human Services mbrodowski@acf.hhs.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 10 EP - 16 VL - 6 IS - 1-2 SN - 1097-4911, 1097-4911 KW - Health Research KW - Child Welfare Services KW - Government Agencies KW - Child Neglect KW - Child Abuse KW - Social Work Research KW - article KW - 6111: social work theory/research UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61484576?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocialservices&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Professional+Development%3A+The+International+Journal+of+Continuing+Social+Work+Education&rft.atitle=Quality+Improvement+Centers+on+Child+Protective+Services+and+Adoption%3A+Testing+a+Regionalized+Approach+to+Building+the+Evidence+Base+--+A+Federal+Perspective&rft.au=Brodowski%2C+Melissa+Lim%3BFlanzer%2C+Sally%3BNolan%2C+Catherine%3BKaye%2C+Elyse&rft.aulast=Brodowski&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=10&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Professional+Development%3A+The+International+Journal+of+Continuing+Social+Work+Education&rft.issn=10974911&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Social Services Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-05-01 N1 - Number of references - 5 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Child Welfare Services; Government Agencies; Child Abuse; Child Neglect; Social Work Research; Health Research ER - TY - BOOK T1 - National healthcare disparities report AN - 59865390; 2004-0503440 AB - Measures differences in access and use of health care services by various "priority" populations; overview of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities. JF - United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, July 2003. Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 PB - United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality KW - Equality -- United States KW - United States -- Medical sector KW - Public health -- Social aspects KW - Racial differences -- United States KW - Minorities -- Medical care KW - Medical service -- Social aspects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59865390?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/PAIS+Index&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book&rft.genre=book&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=&rft.au=&rft.aulast=&rft.aufirst=&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=National+healthcare+disparities+report&rft.title=National+healthcare+disparities+report&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.qualitytools.ahrq.gov/disparitiesreport/documents/Report%207.pdf LA - English DB - PAIS Index N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-28 N1 - Availability - U S Agency Healthcare Research and Quality N1 - Document feature - bibl(s), chart(s), table(s) N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy of Biomarkers With Pooled Assessments AN - 21128560; 11157520 AB - New biomarkers are frequently being developed in laboratory settings for the early diagnosis of diseases. However, the assay can be so expensive to assess in some cases that the evaluation of a large number of assays becomes unfeasible. Under this setting pooling biospecimens becomes an appealing alternative. In this paper, we present the methodology to allow for general pooling strategies and different data structures, which include balanced and unbalanced pooling cases. An estimate of the area under the ROC curve of a single biomarker with its asymptotic mean and variance is provided. Furthermore, we develop a test statistic for comparing the areas under the ROC curves of two biomarkers. The methods are illustrated with data from a study evaluating biomarkers for coronary heart disease. JF - Biometrical Journal AU - Liu, Aiyi AU - Schisterman, Enrique F AD - Division of Epidemiology, Statistics and Prevention Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Department of Health and Human Services, 6100 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20852, schistee@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 631 EP - 644 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 45 IS - 5 SN - 0323-3847, 0323-3847 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Statistics KW - Data processing KW - Biometrics KW - biomarkers KW - Coronary heart disease KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/21128560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biometrical+Journal&rft.atitle=Comparison+of+Diagnostic+Accuracy+of+Biomarkers+With+Pooled+Assessments&rft.au=Liu%2C+Aiyi%3BSchisterman%2C+Enrique+F&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Aiyi&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=631&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Biometrical+Journal&rft.issn=03233847&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fbimj.200390038 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - biomarkers; Data processing; Biometrics; Coronary heart disease; Statistics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200390038 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Detection of porcine endogenous retrovirus in cultures of freshly isolated porcine bone marrow cells AN - 20219611; 6590783 AB - Abstract: Pigs are under consideration as possible sources of organs for xenotransplantation in humans. The induction of hematopoietic microchimerism through xenotransplantation of source animal hematopoietic cells has been suggested as a means to induce tolerance in potential recipients. Because all porcine cells contain genetic information for porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV), coculture techniques, reverse transcriptase (RT) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays were used to determine whether infectious PERV is released from fresh porcine bone marrow cells cultured in the presence or absence of porcine cytokines. Human embryonic kidney cell line, HEK-293 cells cocultured with porcine bone marrow cells were positive for PERV RNA but never became positive for viral RT activity, suggesting the PERV infection was not productive. In contrast, high levels of RT activity was detected in porcine ST-IOWA cells after coculture, demonstrating that these cells became productively infected. PERV was released from cultured porcine bone marrow cells without stimulation, and combinations of the porcine hematopoietic cytokines, interleukin-3, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor and stem cell factor had no additional effect on the infectivity or in vitro tropism of released PERV virions. JF - Xenotransplantation AU - McIntyre, Matiza C AU - Kannan, Bhanumathi AU - Solano-Aguilar, Gloria I AU - Wilson, Carolyn A AU - Bloom, Eda T AD - Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Bethesda, MD, USA, bloom@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 337 EP - 342 PB - Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 9600 Garsington Road Oxford OX4 2DQ UK, [URL:http://www.blackwellpublishing.com] VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0908-665X, 0908-665X KW - Pig KW - Wild boar KW - Wild pig KW - Virology & AIDS Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts KW - Virions KW - Sus scrofa KW - Interleukin 3 KW - Tropism KW - Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor KW - Bone marrow KW - Cell culture KW - Infection KW - Immunological tolerance KW - Porcine endogenous retrovirus KW - Infectivity KW - Retrovirus KW - RNA KW - Stem cell factor KW - Chimerism KW - Cytokines KW - Hemopoiesis KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - RNA-directed DNA polymerase KW - Embryos KW - Xenografts KW - V 22420:Plant Diseases KW - F 06202:Xenografts KW - W 30900:Methods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20219611?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xenotransplantation&rft.atitle=Detection+of+porcine+endogenous+retrovirus+in+cultures+of+freshly+isolated+porcine+bone+marrow+cells&rft.au=McIntyre%2C+Matiza+C%3BKannan%2C+Bhanumathi%3BSolano-Aguilar%2C+Gloria+I%3BWilson%2C+Carolyn+A%3BBloom%2C+Eda+T&rft.aulast=McIntyre&rft.aufirst=Matiza&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=337&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Xenotransplantation&rft.issn=0908665X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1034%2Fj.1399-3089.2003.02044.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-07-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Figures, 2; tables, 1; references, 17. N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Virions; Interleukin 3; Tropism; Bone marrow; Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; Cell culture; Infection; Immunological tolerance; Infectivity; Retrovirus; RNA; Stem cell factor; Chimerism; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; Polymerase chain reaction; Hemopoiesis; Cytokines; Embryos; Xenografts; Sus scrofa; Porcine endogenous retrovirus DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3089.2003.02044.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Chemical Exposure as a Risk Factor for Hearing Loss AN - 19161524; 5761492 AB - In 2002, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and the National Hearing Conservation Association cosponsored the "Best Practices Workshop: Combined Effects of Chemicals and Noise on Hearing." This article summarizes the main results of the Workshop. Its goals were to review the knowledge of chemical ototoxicity and to stimulate participant discussion on how to address this risk. Speakers provided an overview of the effects of chemicals on the auditory system (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/noise/noiseandchem/noiseandchem.html). Research priorities were discussed in concurrent working group sessions. The Workshop concluded with a panel of the groups' facilitators reporting on these sessions. The following key issues were identified: rationale and proposal of a list of priority chemicals; valid procedures for exposure (animal studies), exposure assessment, and audiological testing; need for mechanistic research and a Response Level; recommendations for preventive actions; and information dissemination. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Morata, T C AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health/C27, 4676 Columbia Parkway, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, tmorata@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 676 EP - 682 VL - 45 IS - 7 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - man KW - ototoxicity KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Chemicals KW - Xenobiotics KW - Hearing loss KW - Reviews KW - Occupational exposure KW - R2 23080:Industrial and labor KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19161524?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Chemical+Exposure+as+a+Risk+Factor+for+Hearing+Loss&rft.au=Morata%2C+T+C&rft.aulast=Morata&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=676&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.jom.0000071507.96740.70 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Chemicals; Occupational exposure; Hearing loss; Reviews; Xenobiotics DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000071507.96740.70 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer gene therapy: an awkward adolescence AN - 18943650; 5709216 AB - At the Eleventh International Conference on Gene Therapy of Cancer (December 12-14, 2002, San Diego, CA) progress on using gene transfer technology to treat cancer was presented. Although there is as yet no cancer gene therapy being marketed, considerable progress has been made in defining likely strategies and likely targets for gene therapy of cancer. These strategies, including viral and non-viral delivery systems, and potential targets in cancer cells linked to our developing knowledge of cancer cell biology, are reviewed in this paper. Use of gene therapy to sensitize tumors to radiation and chemotherapy is one promising area of investigation. Some of the ancillary benefits of research on cancer gene therapy, including the development of public-private partnerships, recruitment of laboratory scientists into clinical research, and credentialing of potential cancer cell targets for therapies other than gene therapy, are noted. JF - Cancer Gene Therapy AU - Gottesman, M M AD - Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI/NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Building 37, Room 1A09, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA, mgottesman@nih.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 501 EP - 508 VL - 10 IS - 7 SN - 0929-1903, 0929-1903 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Abstracts KW - Gene therapy KW - Reviews KW - Tumors KW - Cancer KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 120:Genetic Engineering in Medicine KW - W3 33180:Gene based (protocols, clinical trials, and animal models) UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18943650?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Gene+Therapy&rft.atitle=Cancer+gene+therapy%3A+an+awkward+adolescence&rft.au=Gottesman%2C+M+M&rft.aulast=Gottesman&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer+Gene+Therapy&rft.issn=09291903&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.cgt.7700602 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene therapy; Cancer; Reviews; Tumors DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.cgt.7700602 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Regio- and Stereoselective Metabolism of 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a) anthracene by Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 AN - 18941978; 5680210 AB - The degradation of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA), a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, by cultures of Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 was studied. When M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 was grown in the presence of DMBA for 136 h, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed the presence of four ethyl acetate-extractable compounds and unutilized substrate. Characterization of the metabolites by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry indicated initial attack at the C-5 and C-6 positions and on the methyl group attached to C-7 of DMBA. The metabolites were identified as cis-5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxy-7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA cis-5,6-dihydrodiol), trans-5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxy-7,12- dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA trans-5,6-dihydrodiol), and 7- hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz(a) anthracene, suggesting dioxygenation and monooxygenation reactions. Chiral stationary-phase HPLC analysis of the dihydrodiols showed that DMBA cis-5,6-dihydrodiol had 95% 5S,6R and 5% 5R,6S absolute stereochemistry. On the other hand, the DMBA trans-5,6-dihydrodiol was a 100% 5S,6S enantiomer. A minor photooxidation product, 7,12-epidioxy-7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene, was also formed. The results demonstrate that M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 is highly regio- and stereoselective in the degradation of DMBA. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - Moody, J D AU - Fu, P P AU - Freeman, J P AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - National Center for Toxicological Research, HFT-250, Jefferson, AR 72079, CCerniglia@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 3924 EP - 3931 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA, [URL:http://www.asm.org/] VL - 69 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - metabolism KW - 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Agricultural and Environmental Biotechnology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons KW - Mycobacterium vanbaalenii KW - Biodegradation KW - Stereoselectivity KW - A 01016:Microbial degradation KW - W2 32510:Waste treatment, environment, pollution KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 210:Bioremediation, Bioreactors & BioCycling UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18941978?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Regio-+and+Stereoselective+Metabolism+of+7%2C12-Dimethylbenz%28a%29+anthracene+by+Mycobacterium+vanbaalenii+PYR-1&rft.au=Moody%2C+J+D%3BFu%2C+P+P%3BFreeman%2C+J+P%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Moody&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=3924&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.7.3924-3931.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Mycobacterium vanbaalenii; Biodegradation; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Stereoselectivity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.7.3924-3931.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Vibrio vulnificus from Market Oysters and Septicemia Cases for Virulence Markers AN - 18940734; 5680136 AB - Representative encapsulated strains of Vibrio vulnificus from market oysters and oyster-associated primary septicemia cases (25 isolates each) were tested in a blinded fashion for potential virulence markers that may distinguish strains from these two sources. These isolates were analyzed for plasmid content, for the presence of a 460-bp amplicon by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR, and for virulence in subcutaneously (s.c.) inoculated, iron-dextran- treated mice. Similar percentages of market oyster and clinical isolates possessed detectable plasmids (24 and 36%, respectively), produced the 460-bp amplicon (45 and 50%, respectively), and were judged to be virulent in the mouse s.c. inoculation-iron-dextran model (88% for each). Therefore, it appears that nearly all V. vulnificus strains in oysters are virulent and that genetic tests for plasmids and specific PCR size amplicons cannot distinguish between fully virulent and less virulent strains or between clinical and environmental isolates. The inability of these methods to distinguish food and clinical V. vulnificus isolates demonstrates the need for alternative subtyping approaches and virulence assays. JF - Applied and Environmental Microbiology AU - DePaola, A AU - Nordstrom, J L AU - Dalsgaard, A AU - Forslund, A AU - Oliver, J AU - Bates, T AU - Bourdage, K L AU - Gulig, P A AD - Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, AL 36528-0158, adepaola@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - July 2003 SP - 4006 EP - 4011 PB - American Society for Microbiology, 1752 N Street N.W. Washington, DC 20036 USA VL - 69 IS - 7 SN - 0099-2240, 0099-2240 KW - Subtyping KW - oysters KW - ASFA 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources; ASFA 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - Human diseases KW - Septicemia KW - Nucleotide sequence KW - Microbial contamination KW - Public health KW - Virulence KW - Vibrio vulnificus KW - Polymerase chain reaction KW - Seafood KW - Disease detection KW - Clinical isolates KW - Marine KW - Pathogenic bacteria KW - Random amplified polymorphic DNA KW - Identification KW - Strains KW - Plasmids KW - Inoculation KW - DNA KW - Septicaemia KW - Oyster fisheries KW - Q1 08205:Genetics and evolution KW - A 01116:Bacteria KW - Q5 08524:Public health, medicines, dangerous organisms KW - Q1 08627:Food quality and standards UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18940734?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aasfaaquaticpollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Vibrio+vulnificus+from+Market+Oysters+and+Septicemia+Cases+for+Virulence+Markers&rft.au=DePaola%2C+A%3BNordstrom%2C+J+L%3BDalsgaard%2C+A%3BForslund%2C+A%3BOliver%2C+J%3BBates%2C+T%3BBourdage%2C+K+L%3BGulig%2C+P+A&rft.aulast=DePaola&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=4006&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Applied+and+Environmental+Microbiology&rft.issn=00992240&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FAEM.69.7.4006-4011.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Last updated - 2016-12-21 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Human diseases; Pathogenic bacteria; Nucleotide sequence; Microbial contamination; Plasmids; Strains; Identification; Public health; Virulence; Septicaemia; DNA; Polymerase chain reaction; Disease detection; Seafood; Oyster fisheries; Clinical isolates; Septicemia; Inoculation; Random amplified polymorphic DNA; Vibrio vulnificus; Marine DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.7.4006-4011.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Variations in metabolism of the soy isoflavonoid daidzein by human intestinal microfloras from different individuals AN - 18863502; 5677906 AB - Isoflavonoids found in legumes, such as soybeans, are converted by intestinal bacteria to metabolites that might have increased or decreased estrogenic activity. Variation in the effects of dietary isoflavonoids among individuals has been attributed to differences in their metabolism by intestinal bacteria. To investigate this variation, the metabolism of the isoflavonoid daidzein by bacteria from ten fecal samples, provided at different times by six individuals on soy-containing diets, was compared. After anaerobic incubation of bacteria with daidzein for 2 weeks, four samples had metabolized daidzein and six samples had not. Three of the positive samples were from individuals whose microflora had not metabolized daidzein in previous samples. Dihydrodaidzein was observed in one sample, dihydrodaidzein and equol in another sample, and equol andO-desmethylangolensin in two other samples. These results corroborate the hypothesis that the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of an individual influences the particular isoflavone metabolites produced following consumption. JF - Archives of Microbiology AU - Rafii, F AU - Davis, C AU - Park, M AU - Heinze, T M AU - Beger, R D AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. FDA, AR 72079, Jefferson, USA, frafii@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 11 EP - 16 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00203/bibs/3180 001/31800011.htm] VL - 180 IS - 1 SN - 0302-8933, 0302-8933 KW - daidzein KW - isoflavonoids KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02841:Microflora UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18863502?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Variations+in+metabolism+of+the+soy+isoflavonoid+daidzein+by+human+intestinal+microfloras+from+different+individuals&rft.au=Rafii%2C+F%3BDavis%2C+C%3BPark%2C+M%3BHeinze%2C+T+M%3BBeger%2C+R+D&rft.aulast=Rafii&rft.aufirst=F&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=180&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=11&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Microbiology&rft.issn=03028933&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00203-003-0551-6 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00203-003-0551-6 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Susceptibility of Mice Deficient in the MHC Class II Transactivator to Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis AN - 18852818; 5662828 AB - Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen presentation and subsequent CD4 super(+) T-cell activation are critical for acquired immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. MHC class II gene expression is primarily controlled by the master transactivator CIITA protein. Without functional CIITA protein, MHC class II expression is lost, impairing immune responses and increasing susceptibility to infection. In this study, we compared protective immune responses of CIITA-deficient mice and wild-type C57BL/6 controls with low dose aerosol M. tuberculosis infection. After aerogenic challenge, CIITA super(-/-) mice failed to limit mycobacterial growth (2.5 and 2.0 log sub(10) > WT lung and spleen CFUs, respectively, at day 58). Lung histopathology involved extensive necrosis, severe pneumonitis and overwhelming inflammation in the gene knockout mice. Mean survival time for CIITA super(-/-) mice was significantly reduced (57 versus >300 days for WT). This extreme sensitivity to tuberculous infection was largely attributed to the absence of CD4 super(+) cells. Flow cytometric studies detected virtually no CD4 super(+) cells in CIITA super(-/-) mouse spleens after infection versus elevated numbers in WT spleens. Failed CD4 super(+) T-cell expansion markedly reduced interferon- gamma (IFN- gamma production in CIITA super(-/-) mice versus WT controls. These results suggest the necessity of a functional CIITA pathway for controlling tuberculous infections and that interventions targeting CIITA expression may be useful antimycobacterial therapeutics. JF - Scandinavian Journal of Immunology AU - Repique, C J AU - Li, A AU - Brickey, W J AU - Ting, J P AU - Collins, F M AU - Morris, S L AD - Laboratory of Mycobacterial Diseases and Cellular Immunology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, morris@cber.fda.gov morris@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 15 EP - 22 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 0300-9475, 0300-9475 KW - CIITA protein KW - Mice KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Immunology Abstracts KW - J 02862:Infection KW - F 06801:Bacteria KW - F 06824:Animal UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18852818?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Immunology&rft.atitle=Susceptibility+of+Mice+Deficient+in+the+MHC+Class+II+Transactivator+to+Infection+with+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis&rft.au=Repique%2C+C+J%3BLi%2C+A%3BBrickey%2C+W+J%3BTing%2C+J+P%3BCollins%2C+F+M%3BMorris%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Repique&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=15&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Scandinavian+Journal+of+Immunology&rft.issn=03009475&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-3083.2003.01266.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01266.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Survey of nitrate and nitrite contents of vegetables grown in Korea AN - 18835677; 5725295 AB - A scientific basis for the evaluation of the risk to public health arising from excessive dietary intake of nitrate in Korea is provided. The nitrate () and nitrite () contents of various vegetables (Chinese cabbage, radish, lettuce, spinach, soybean sprouts, onion, pumpkin, green onion, cucumber, potato, carrot, garlic, green pepper, cabbage and Allium tuberosum Roth known as Crown daisy) are reported. Six hundred samples of 15 vegetables cultivated during different seasons were analysed for nitrate and nitrite by ion chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, respectively. No significant variance in nitrate levels was found for most vegetables cultivated during the summer and winter harvests. The mean nitrates level was higher in A. tuberosum Roth (5150 mg kg super(m1)) and spinach (4259 mg kg super(m1)), intermediate in radish (1878 mg kg super(m1)) and Chinese cabbage (1740 mg kg super(m1)), and lower in onion (23 mg kg super(m1)), soybean sprouts (56 mg kg super(m1)) and green pepper (76 mg kg super(m1)) compared with those in other vegetables. The average nitrite contents in various vegetables were about 0.6 mg kg super(m1), and the values were not significantly different among most vegetables. It was observed that nitrate contents in vegetables varied depending on the type of vegetables and were similar to those in vegetables grown in other countries. From the results of our studies and other information from foreign sources, it can be concluded that it is not necessary to establish limits of nitrates contents of vegetables cultivated in Korea due to the co-presence of beneficial elements such as ascorbic acid and f-tocopherol which are known to inhibit the formation of nitrosamine. JF - Food Additives and Contaminants AU - Chung, SY AU - Kim, J S AU - Kim, M AU - Hong, M K AU - Lee, JO AU - Kim, C M AU - Song, I S AD - Department of Food Evaluation Korea Food and Drug Administration Seoul 122-704 Republic of Korea Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 621 EP - 628 VL - 20 IS - 7 SN - 0265-203X, 0265-203X KW - vegetables KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 4000:Food and Drugs UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18835677?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.atitle=Survey+of+nitrate+and+nitrite+contents+of+vegetables+grown+in+Korea&rft.au=Chung%2C+SY%3BKim%2C+J+S%3BKim%2C+M%3BHong%2C+M+K%3BLee%2C+JO%3BKim%2C+C+M%3BSong%2C+I+S&rft.aulast=Chung&rft.aufirst=SY&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=621&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+Additives+and+Contaminants&rft.issn=0265203X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Alternative Field Methods for Measuring Hearing Protector Performance AN - 18833148; 5716065 AB - In comparison with the mandatory noise reduction rating (NRR) testing of every hearing protector sold in the United States, real-world tests of hearing protector attenuation are scarce. This study evaluated data from three potential field-test methods as compared with the subject-fit data from Method B of ANSI S12.6-1997 for the E times A times R registered Express Pod Plug. The new field-test methods were the FitCheck headphone (FCH) method, FitCheck in sound field (FCSF) method, and bone-conduction loudness balance (BCLB) method, all of which can be administered in small single-person audiometric booths such as are commonly found in industry. Twenty normal-hearing and audiometrically competent subjects naive to hearing protector use were tested with the laboratory and the three field-test methods in a repeated-measures design. Repeated-measures models with structured covariance matrices were used to analyze the data. Significant effects were found for method, frequency, and first-order frequency-by-gender and frequency-by-method interactions. These effects and interactions were expected given the different psychophysical tasks. The FCSF and BCLB methods provided attenuations that were not significantly different from those found with Method B. Although the attenuations measured for the FCH method were statistically different (greater) than the attenuations from the other methods, the differences were within the magnitude of acceptable test-retest audiometric variability. The results suggest that the FCH and FCSF methods were both feasible and reliable methods for field testing. The FCH method is limited to testing earplugs, and the FCSF requires additional equipment to outfit the test booth, but could be used for testing all types of protectors. JF - American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal AU - Franks, J R AU - Murphy, W J AU - Harris, DA AU - Johnson, J L AU - Shaw, P B AD - Hearing Loss Prevention Section, Engineering and Physical Hazards Branch, Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway MS C-27, Cincinnati, OH 45226-1998, USA Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 501 EP - 509 VL - 64 IS - 4 SN - 0002-8894, 0002-8894 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18833148?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.atitle=Alternative+Field+Methods+for+Measuring+Hearing+Protector+Performance&rft.au=Franks%2C+J+R%3BMurphy%2C+W+J%3BHarris%2C+DA%3BJohnson%2C+J+L%3BShaw%2C+P+B&rft.aulast=Franks&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=501&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+Industrial+Hygiene+Association+Journal&rft.issn=00028894&rft_id=info:doi/10.1202%2F309.1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1202/309.1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inability of outer-surface protein C (OspC)-primed mice to elicit a protective anamnestic immune response to a tick-transmitted challenge of Borrelia burgdorferi AN - 18808095; 5687815 AB - A one-inoculation regimen of recombinant outer-surface protein C (OspC), which has been demonstrated to elicit protective immunity against a tick-borne challenge of Borrelia burgdorferi, was administered to outbred mice. Following seroconversion, the serum antibody titre against OspC was allowed to wane with time until there was little or no detection of anti-OspC antibodies by immunoblot. The mice were then challenged with an infectious dose of B. burgdorferi by tick transmission. Eleven of 12 OspC-primed mice subsequently became infected by B. burgdorferi, demonstrating that a protective anamnestic response was not generated in these mice following the introduction of infectious OspC-expressing spirochaetes. JF - Journal of Medical Microbiology AU - Gilmore, RD Jr AU - Bacon, R M AU - Carpio, A M AU - Piesman, J AU - Dolan, M C AU - Mbow, M L AD - Molecular Bacteriology Section and Lyme Disease Vector Section, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases (DVBID), National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Service, US Department of Health and Human Services, Fort Collins, CO, USA, rbg9@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 551 EP - 556 VL - 52 IS - 7 SN - 0022-2615, 0022-2615 KW - OspC protein KW - mice KW - outer surface protein C KW - ticks KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02833:Immune response and immune mechanisms UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18808095?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Inability+of+outer-surface+protein+C+%28OspC%29-primed+mice+to+elicit+a+protective+anamnestic+immune+response+to+a+tick-transmitted+challenge+of+Borrelia+burgdorferi&rft.au=Gilmore%2C+RD+Jr%3BBacon%2C+R+M%3BCarpio%2C+A+M%3BPiesman%2C+J%3BDolan%2C+M+C%3BMbow%2C+M+L&rft.aulast=Gilmore&rft.aufirst=RD&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=551&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Medical+Microbiology&rft.issn=00222615&rft_id=info:doi/10.1099%2Fjmm.0.05068-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.05068-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Drosophila microarray platforms AN - 1434027522; 18513447 AB - The advent of high throughput microarrays and the complete sequencing of the Drosophila melanogaster genome have enabled global gene expression analysis in this powerful genetic model organism. Currently, researchers are using three main Drosophila array platform types, with elements composed of cDNA amplicons, oligonucleotides (short and long) or genomic amplicons. This paper provides a broad overview of these platforms JF - Briefings in Functional Genomics and Proteomics AU - Gupta, Vaijayanti AU - Oliver, Brian AD - A postdoctoral fellow in the Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive Diseases and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Department of Health and Human Services MD, USA., oliver@helix.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/07// PY - 2003 DA - Jul 2003 SP - 97 EP - 105 PB - Oxford University Press VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 1473-9550, 1473-9550 KW - Genetics Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Gene expression KW - Reviews KW - Drosophila melanogaster KW - proteomics KW - genomics KW - Oligonucleotides KW - Models KW - G 07870:Mammals KW - W 30960:Bioinformatics & Computer Applications UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1434027522?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Briefings+in+Functional+Genomics+and+Proteomics&rft.atitle=Drosophila+microarray+platforms&rft.au=Gupta%2C+Vaijayanti%3BOliver%2C+Brian&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Vaijayanti&rft.date=2003-07-01&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Briefings+in+Functional+Genomics+and+Proteomics&rft.issn=14739550&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-09-01 N1 - Last updated - 2013-09-20 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Gene expression; Reviews; genomics; proteomics; Oligonucleotides; Models; Drosophila melanogaster ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular characterization of dioxygenases from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading Mycobacterium spp. AN - 18809531; 5681273 AB - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-degrading genes nidA and nidB that encode the alpha and beta subunits of the aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase have been cloned and sequenced from Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 [Khan et al., Appl. Environ Microbiol. 67 (2001) 3577-3585]. In this study, the presence of nidA and nidB in 12 other Mycobacterium or Rhodococcus strains was investigated. Initially, all strains were screened for their ability to degrade PAHs by a spray plate method, and for the presence of the dioxygenase Rieske center region by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Only Mycobacterium sp. PAH 2.135 (RJGII-135), M. flavescens PYR-GCK (ATCC 700033), M. gilvum BB1 (DSM 9487) and M. frederiksbergense FAn9T (DSM 44346), all previously known PAH degraders, were positive in both tests. From the three positive strains, complete open reading frames of the nidA and nidB genes were amplified by PCR, using primers designed according to the known nidA and nidB sequences from PYR-1, cloned in the pBAD/Thio-TOPO vector and sequenced. The sequences showed >98% identity with the M. vanbaalenii PYR-1 nidA and nidB genes. Southern DNA-DNA hybridization using nidA and nidB probes from PYR-1 revealed that there is more than one copy of nidA and nidB genes in the strains PYR-1, BB1, PYR-GCK and FAn9T. However, only one copy of each gene was observed in PAH2.135. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters AU - Brezna, B AU - Khan, A A AU - Cerniglia, CE AD - Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA, ashraf@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06/27/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 27 SP - 177 EP - 183 PB - Federation of European Microbiological Societies VL - 223 IS - 2 SN - 0378-1097, 0378-1097 KW - cloning KW - dioxygenase KW - nidA gene KW - nidB gene KW - nucleotide sequence KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology; Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01063:Utilization KW - J 02728:Enzymes KW - G 07320:Bacterial genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18809531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.atitle=Molecular+characterization+of+dioxygenases+from+polycyclic+aromatic+hydrocarbon-degrading+Mycobacterium+spp.&rft.au=Brezna%2C+B%3BKhan%2C+A+A%3BCerniglia%2C+CE&rft.aulast=Brezna&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-06-27&rft.volume=223&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=177&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=FEMS+Microbiology+Letters&rft.issn=03781097&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0378-1097%2803%2900328-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00328-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of caloric restriction on Hprt lymphocyte mutation in aging rats. AN - 73349037; 12787914 AB - Caloric restriction (CR) reduces tumor incidence and retards aging in laboratory animals, including non-human primates. Because of the relationships among mutation, disease susceptibility, and aging, we investigated whether or not CR affects the accumulation of somatic cell mutations in aging animals. Starting at approximately 2 months of age, male CD rats (Harlan Sprague-Dawley-derived) were placed on different levels of dietary intake: ad libitum (AL) feeding, and 90% (10% CR), 75% (25% CR) and 60% (40% CR) of the total calories consumed by AL animals. At 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after the beginning of CR, Hprt mutant frequencies (MFs) were determined. The MFs measured in spleen lymphocytes from AL and CR rats sacrificed at 3 months of dietary restriction were similar for all dietary groups. However, the MFs at 6, 12, and 24 months of CR were significantly higher in AL-fed rats compared with animals on 40% CR: (4.5+/-0.4)x10(-6) versus (3.3+/-0.3)x10(-6) (P=0.032) in 6 months CR rats; (10.3+/-2.3)x10(-6) versus (7.3+/-1.2)x10(-6) in 12 months CR rats (P=0.04), and (18.3+/-3.2)x10(-6) versus (7.8+/-1.0)x10(-6) (P=0.001) in 24 months CR rats. In addition, rats receiving 25% CR for 24 months had a MF, (10.7+/-2.0)x10(-6), between the 40% CR and AL rats. Multiplex PCR of the Hprt gene in mutant clones from 12 and 24 months 40% CR rats and the corresponding AL rats detected deletions in 42% of CR mutants and 19% of AL mutants. Because of the difference in Hprt MF in the two groups, the estimated MF associated with deletions in CR rats was similar to the deletion MF in AL rats. This observation implies that the lower MF in CR rats is due to a reduction in smaller Hprt mutations (i.e. base substitutions and frameshifts). The pattern of smaller Hprt mutations from AL rats suggests that many were produced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results indicate that CR reduces the accumulation of spontaneous somatic cell mutation in aging rats, especially those caused by base substitutions and frameshifts. JF - Mutation research AU - Aidoo, Anane AU - Mittelstaedt, Roberta A AU - Bishop, Michelle E AU - Lyn-Cook, Lascelles E AU - Chen, Yi-Ju AU - Duffy, Peter AU - Heflich, Robert H AD - U.S. FDA Jefferson Laboratories, Division of Genetic & Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. aaidoo@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 19 SP - 57 EP - 66 VL - 527 IS - 1-2 SN - 0027-5107, 0027-5107 KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.2.8 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats, Inbred Strains KW - Rats KW - Frameshift Mutation KW - Animals KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Base Sequence KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Food Deprivation KW - Male KW - Sequence Deletion KW - Aging -- metabolism KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- genetics KW - Lymphocytes -- enzymology KW - Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase -- metabolism KW - Energy Intake KW - Mutation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73349037?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+research&rft.atitle=Effect+of+caloric+restriction+on+Hprt+lymphocyte+mutation+in+aging+rats.&rft.au=Aidoo%2C+Anane%3BMittelstaedt%2C+Roberta+A%3BBishop%2C+Michelle+E%3BLyn-Cook%2C+Lascelles+E%3BChen%2C+Yi-Ju%3BDuffy%2C+Peter%3BHeflich%2C+Robert+H&rft.aulast=Aidoo&rft.aufirst=Anane&rft.date=2003-06-19&rft.volume=527&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=57&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+research&rft.issn=00275107&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proceedings of the 99th meeting of the Food and Drug Administration Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Advisory Committee. May 29th and 30th, 2003. AN - 212666264; 12814989 JF - Circulation AU - Borer, J AU - Armstrong, P AU - Food and Drug Administration Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Advisory Committee Y1 - 2003///Jun 17 PY - 2003 DA - Jun 17 2003 CY - Baltimore PB - American Heart Association, Inc. VL - 107 IS - 23 SN - 00097322 KW - Medical Sciences--Cardiovascular Diseases KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Fluoroquinolone KW - Cardiovascular Agents KW - Imidazoles KW - Piperazines KW - Quinazolines KW - moxifloxacin KW - vardenafil KW - alfuzosin KW - Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases KW - phosphodiesterase V KW - United States KW - Cardiovascular Agents -- adverse effects KW - Cardiovascular Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Anti-Infective Agents, Fluoroquinolone -- adverse effects KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Piperazines -- therapeutic use KW - Human KW - United States Food & Drug Administration KW - Impotence, Vasculogenic -- drug therapy KW - Piperazines -- adverse effects KW - Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases -- drug effects KW - Risk Assessment KW - Advisory Committees KW - Prostatic Hyperplasia -- drug therapy KW - Drug Approval KW - Adult KW - Quinazolines -- therapeutic use KW - Middle Age KW - Imidazoles -- therapeutic use KW - Quinazolines -- adverse effects KW - Adolescent KW - Male KW - Imidazoles -- adverse effects KW - Electrocardiography -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/212666264?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthcompleteshell&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Circulation&rft.atitle=Proceedings+of+the+99th+meeting+of+the+Food+and+Drug+Administration+Cardiovascular+and+Renal+Drugs+Advisory+Committee.+May+29th+and+30th%2C+2003.&rft.au=Borer%2C+J%3BArmstrong%2C+P%3BFood+and+Drug+Administration+Cardiovascular+and+Renal+Drugs+Advisory+Committee&rft.aulast=Borer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-17&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=e9052&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Circulation&rft.issn=00097322&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Central N1 - Copyright - Copyright American Heart Association, Inc. Jun 17 2003 N1 - Last updated - 2014-05-18 N1 - CODEN - CIRCAZ ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functional tolerance and blockade of long-term depression at synapses in the nucleus accumbens after chronic cannabinoid exposure. AN - 73478060; 12832502 AB - The rewarding properties of the psychoactive constituents of marijuana, termed "cannabinoids," may reflect actions on synaptic transmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Furthermore, long-term changes in these synapses may support the addictive process. Excitatory and inhibitory synapses are acutely inhibited by cannabinoids in the NAc, and endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) play a critical role in the expression of long-term depression (LTD) of excitatory cortical afferents in this structure. Because humans often use marijuana for prolonged periods, we examined the impact of long-term cannabinoid exposure on synaptic processes in an animal model. Electrophysiological recordings in rat brain slices containing the NAc were performed after chronic exposure to vehicle solution, Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or the cannabinoid agonist R(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-[(morpholinyl)methyl]pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-(1-naphthalenyl)methanone mesylate (WIN55,212-2). Extracellular glutamatergic postsynaptic potentials and whole-cell GABAergic IPSCs were concentration-dependently inhibited by WIN55,212-2 in slices from naive or vehicle-treated animals. However, the sensitivity to WIN55,212-2 was diminished in chronic agonist-treated animals. In addition, cross-tolerance to the inhibitory effect of the mu-opioid agonist Tyr-D-Ala2, N-CH3-Phe4,Gly-ol-enkephalin was observed. Endocannabinoid-mediated LTD was initiated via electrical stimulation (5 min, 10 Hz) of glutamatergic afferents to the NAc and was completely blocked by the cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR141716A [N-piperidino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methylpyrazole-3-carboxamide] in vehicle-treated animals. LTD was not observed in brain slices from rats chronically treated with Delta9-THC or WIN55,212-2. These data demonstrate that long-term exposure to the active ingredient of marijuana blocks synaptic plasticity in the NAc and reduces the sensitivity of GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses to both cannabinoids and opioids. JF - The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience AU - Hoffman, Alexander F AU - Oz, Murat AU - Caulder, Tara AU - Lupica, Carl R AD - Cellular Neurobiology Branch, Section on Cellular Neurophysiology, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. Y1 - 2003/06/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 15 SP - 4815 EP - 4820 VL - 23 IS - 12 KW - Benzoxazines KW - 0 KW - Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators KW - Cannabinoids KW - Morpholines KW - Naphthalenes KW - Piperidines KW - Pyrazoles KW - Receptors, Cannabinoid KW - Receptors, Drug KW - Receptors, Opioid, mu KW - Win 55212-2 KW - 5H31GI9502 KW - Dronabinol KW - 7J8897W37S KW - rimonabant KW - RML78EN3XE KW - Index Medicus KW - Naphthalenes -- pharmacology KW - Animals KW - Drug Resistance -- physiology KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Dronabinol -- pharmacology KW - Morpholines -- pharmacology KW - Electric Stimulation KW - Rats KW - Piperidines -- pharmacology KW - Pyrazoles -- pharmacology KW - Rats, Sprague-Dawley KW - Time KW - Receptors, Drug -- agonists KW - Patch-Clamp Techniques KW - Receptors, Opioid, mu -- agonists KW - In Vitro Techniques KW - Receptors, Drug -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Male KW - Marijuana Abuse -- physiopathology KW - Synapses -- physiology KW - Synapses -- drug effects KW - Long-Term Synaptic Depression -- physiology KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- drug effects KW - Drug Tolerance -- physiology KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- physiology KW - Long-Term Synaptic Depression -- drug effects KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- cytology KW - Cannabinoids -- pharmacology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73478060?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Functional+tolerance+and+blockade+of+long-term+depression+at+synapses+in+the+nucleus+accumbens+after+chronic+cannabinoid+exposure.&rft.au=Hoffman%2C+Alexander+F%3BOz%2C+Murat%3BCaulder%2C+Tara%3BLupica%2C+Carl+R&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft.date=2003-06-15&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=4815&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Journal+of+neuroscience+%3A+the+official+journal+of+the+Society+for+Neuroscience&rft.issn=1529-2401&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-30 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Cancer incidence in the US radiologic technologists health study, 1983-1998. AN - 73358372; 12784345 AB - Workers exposed to low doses of radiation can provide information regarding cancer risks that are of public concern. However, characterizing risk at low doses requires large populations and ideally should include a large proportion of women, both of which rarely are available. Among 90305 radiologic technologists in the U.S. (77% women) who were followed during 1983-1998, data concerning incident cancer occurrence was obtained from mailed questionnaires and from death records. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were computed using age-specific, gender-specific, race-specific, and calendar year-specific cancer rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. The SIR for all cancers in both genders combined was 1.04 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.00-1.07; n = 3292 technologists). Female technologists had an elevated risk for all solid tumors combined (SIR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10; n = 2168 women) and for breast cancers (SIR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.09-1.23; n = 970 women), melanoma (SIR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.43-1.89; n = 181 women), and thyroid cancers (SIR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.24-1.83; n = 107 women). Male technologists experienced a decreased risk for solid tumors (SIR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85-0.98; n = 755 men); however, melanoma (SIR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.00-1.79; n = 56 men) and thyroid cancers (SIR = 2.23; 95% CI, 1.29-3.59; n = 17 men) were increased. Among both genders, the risks were decreased for buccal cavity/pharyngeal cancers (SIR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.90; n = 54 technologists), rectal cancers (SIR = 0.62; 95% CI 0.48-0.76; n = 53 technologists), and lung cancers (SIR = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.70-0.85; n = 307 technologists). The elevated risk for breast cancer may have been related to occupational radiation exposure. The observed excesses of melanoma and thyroid cancers may reflect, at least in part, earlier detection among medical workers with easy access to health care. Copyright 2003 American Cancer Society. JF - Cancer AU - Sigurdson, Alice J AU - Doody, Michele Morin AU - Rao, R Sowmya AU - Freedman, D Michal AU - Alexander, Bruce H AU - Hauptmann, Michael AU - Mohan, Aparna K AU - Yoshinaga, Shinji AU - Hill, Deirdre A AU - Tarone, Robert AU - Mabuchi, Kiyohiko AU - Ron, Elaine AU - Linet, Martha S AD - Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2003/06/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 15 SP - 3080 EP - 3089 VL - 97 IS - 12 SN - 0008-543X, 0008-543X KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Risk Factors KW - Humans KW - Cohort Studies KW - Adult KW - Occupational Exposure -- adverse effects KW - Incidence KW - Middle Aged KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Technology, Radiologic -- statistics & numerical data KW - Neoplasms -- epidemiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73358372?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer&rft.atitle=Cancer+incidence+in+the+US+radiologic+technologists+health+study%2C+1983-1998.&rft.au=Sigurdson%2C+Alice+J%3BDoody%2C+Michele+Morin%3BRao%2C+R+Sowmya%3BFreedman%2C+D+Michal%3BAlexander%2C+Bruce+H%3BHauptmann%2C+Michael%3BMohan%2C+Aparna+K%3BYoshinaga%2C+Shinji%3BHill%2C+Deirdre+A%3BTarone%2C+Robert%3BMabuchi%2C+Kiyohiko%3BRon%2C+Elaine%3BLinet%2C+Martha+S&rft.aulast=Sigurdson&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft.date=2003-06-15&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=12&rft.spage=3080&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer&rft.issn=0008543X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effects of coffee on enzymes involved in metabolism of the dietary carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine in rats. AN - 73255876; 12732453 AB - The effects of coffee on the metabolism and genotoxicity of the dietary carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) were investigated. Coffee diminished the bacterial mutagenicity of PhIP in the Ames reversion assay through inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), a key enzyme involved in the metabolic activation of PhIP. When given as part of the diet (0, 1 or 5% w/w) to male Fischer-344 rats for 2 weeks, coffee affected the expression of hepatic enzymes involved in PhIP metabolism. Coffee increased the expression of CYP1A2 by 16-fold in the 5% coffee-treated group, and approximately half of this inductive effect was attributed to caffeine. Coffee also increased the expression of enzymes involved in the detoxication of PhIP. A 2-fold increase in expression of glutathione S-transferase alpha was observed, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGTs) activities of p-nitrophenol increased 2-fold, while N(2)-and N3-glucuronidation of the genotoxic metabolite 2-hydroxyamino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (HONH-PhIP) increased by 1.3-fold in the 5% coffee-treated over the control group. The amount of PhIP (0.75 mg/kg, 24 h) eliminated in urine as the N(2)-and N3-glucuronide conjugates of HONH-PhIP increased by 1.8- and 2.5-fold, respectively, in the 5% coffee-treated group over control rats, suggesting either increased rates of N-oxidation of PhIP or N-glucuronidation of HONH-PhIP. Despite the strong induction of CYP1A2, there was no increase in PhIP-DNA adduct formation in colon and pancreas while liver adducts decreased by 50% over control animals. These data suggest that the effect of coffee on inhibition of PhIP N-oxidation and ensuing DNA damage is more important in vivo than its effect on induction of PhIP N-hydroxylation. JF - Chemico-biological interactions AU - Turesky, Robert J AU - Richoz, Janique AU - Constable, Anne AU - Curtis, Kellie D AU - Dingley, Karen H AU - Turteltaub, Kenneth W AD - Division of Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA. rturesky@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06/15/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 15 SP - 251 EP - 265 VL - 145 IS - 3 SN - 0009-2797, 0009-2797 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Coffee KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors KW - DNA Adducts KW - Enzymes KW - Imidazoles KW - Isoenzymes KW - 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine KW - 909C6UN66T KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 KW - EC 1.14.14.1 KW - Glucuronosyltransferase KW - EC 2.4.1.17 KW - Glutathione Transferase KW - EC 2.5.1.18 KW - glutathione S-transferase alpha KW - Index Medicus KW - DNA Adducts -- biosynthesis KW - Animals KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Colon -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- drug effects KW - Pancreas -- drug effects KW - DNA Adducts -- drug effects KW - Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 -- biosynthesis KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Mutagenicity Tests KW - Glucuronosyltransferase -- biosynthesis KW - Pancreas -- metabolism KW - Colon -- metabolism KW - Isoenzymes -- biosynthesis KW - Microsomes, Liver -- enzymology KW - Glutathione Transferase -- biosynthesis KW - Microsomes, Liver -- drug effects KW - Salmonella typhimurium -- genetics KW - Male KW - Liver -- enzymology KW - Imidazoles -- toxicity KW - Carcinogens -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Imidazoles -- metabolism KW - Carcinogens -- toxicity KW - Enzymes -- biosynthesis KW - Coffee -- physiology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73255876?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chemico-biological+interactions&rft.atitle=The+effects+of+coffee+on+enzymes+involved+in+metabolism+of+the+dietary+carcinogen+2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo%5B4%2C5-b%5Dpyridine+in+rats.&rft.au=Turesky%2C+Robert+J%3BRichoz%2C+Janique%3BConstable%2C+Anne%3BCurtis%2C+Kellie+D%3BDingley%2C+Karen+H%3BTurteltaub%2C+Kenneth+W&rft.aulast=Turesky&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.date=2003-06-15&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=251&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Chemico-biological+interactions&rft.issn=00092797&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-24 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-06 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Response of alveolar macrophages from inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout or wild-type mice to an in vitro lipopolysaccharide or silica exposure AN - 18810956; 5685012 AB - The role of nitric oxide (NO) in pulmonary disease has been controversial with both anti-inflammatory (scavenging radicals and inhibiting NF- Kappa B activation) and proinflammatory (forming highly reactive peroxynitrite and augmenting NF- Kappa B activation by inflammatory agents) actions reported. Therefore, a study has been initiated to determine whether deletion of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene in the C57BL/6J mouse alters the pulmonary macrophage response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or silica. The objective of the initial phase of this study was to determine the difference in responsiveness of alveolar macrophages (AMs), harvested from naive wild-type (WT) or iNOS knockout (iNOS KO) mice, to an in vitro LPS or silica exposure. Primary AMs were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from age- and weight-matched iNOS KO and WT mice. The cells were treated with interferon-gamma (IFN- gamma ) (50 U/ml), IFN- gamma (50 U/ml) + LPS (1 mu g/ml), LPS (0.01-100 mu g/ml), or silica (25-250 mu g/ml). The following parameters were measured: nitrate and nitrite (NOx), tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- alpha ), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), intracellular generation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) hydrogen peroxide (H sub(2)O sub(2)) and superoxide (O super(-)b sub(2)), and basal (unstimulated) total antioxidant capacity. Data show a significant increase in NOx production upon exposure to IFN- gamma plus or minus LPS in the WT but not iNOS KO AMs. NOx production by iNOS KO or WT AMs was not altered by in vitro exposure to LPS or silica alone. LPS, but not silica, induced TNF- alpha and MIP-2 production in both iNOS KO and WT AMs. Statistical analysis of concentration-response curves found a significant tendency for greater mediator production in the iNOS KO versus WT AMs. Basal intracellular production of H sub(2)O sub(2) and O super(-) sub(2) was significantly greater in the iNOS KO compared to WT AMs. In contrast, LPS- (10 mu g/ml) or silica- (100 mu g/ml) stimulated intracellular oxidant production was lower in iNOS KO AMs, but overall (basal + stimulated) inflammatory capacity was similar between the cell types. The basal total antioxidant production of the iNOS KO AMs was approximately twofold higher than the WT AMs. In conclusion, certain compensatory changes appear to occur in AMs from iNOS KO mice. In response to the inability to induce NO production, iNOS KO AMs exhibit significantly higher basal generation of H sub(2)O sub(2) and O super(-) sub(2) as well as higher total antioxidant levels. In addition, LPS-induced TNF- alpha and MIP-2 production tend to be higher in AMs from iNOS KO mice. Such compensatory changes in the AM response may affect the response of iNOS KO mice to inflammatory exposures. JF - Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A: Current Issues AU - Zeidler, P C AU - Roberts, J R AU - Castranova, V AU - Chen, F AU - Butterworth, L AU - Andrew, ME AU - Robinson, V A AU - Porter, D W AD - Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1095 Willowdale Road, M/S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA, vic1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06/13/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 13 SP - 995 EP - 1013 VL - 66 IS - 11 SN - 1528-7394, 1528-7394 KW - mice KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24155:Biochemistry KW - X 24171:Microbial UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18810956?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.atitle=Response+of+alveolar+macrophages+from+inducible+nitric+oxide+synthase+knockout+or+wild-type+mice+to+an+in+vitro+lipopolysaccharide+or+silica+exposure&rft.au=Zeidler%2C+P+C%3BRoberts%2C+J+R%3BCastranova%2C+V%3BChen%2C+F%3BButterworth%2C+L%3BAndrew%2C+ME%3BRobinson%2C+V+A%3BPorter%2C+D+W&rft.aulast=Zeidler&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-06-13&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=995&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Health%2C+Part+A%3A+Current+Issues&rft.issn=15287394&rft_id=info:doi/10.1080%2F15287390390212774 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390390212774 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Antiperspirant drug products for over-the-counter human use; final monograph. Final rule. AN - 73353542; 12795305 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule in the form of a final monograph establishing conditions under which over-the-counter (OTC) antiperspirant drug products are generally recognized as safe and effective and not misbranded as part of FDA's ongoing review of OTC drug products. FDA is issuing this final rule after considering public comments on its proposed regulation, issued as a tentative final monograph (TFM), and all new data and information on antiperspirant drug products that have come to the agency's attention. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2003/06/09/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 09 SP - 34273 EP - 34293 VL - 68 IS - 110 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Aluminum Compounds KW - 0 KW - Deodorants KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Toxicity Tests -- veterinary KW - Drug Approval -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Animals KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Humans KW - Legislation, Drug KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- classification KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Aluminum Compounds -- adverse effects KW - Deodorants -- classification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73353542?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Antiperspirant+drug+products+for+over-the-counter+human+use%3B+final+monograph.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2003-06-09&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=110&rft.spage=34273&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Geneticists, genomics, and orphan drugs AN - 39715273; 3759098 AU - Haffner, M Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39715273?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Geneticists%2C+genomics%2C+and+orphan+drugs&rft.au=Haffner%2C+M&rft.aulast=Haffner&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American College of Medical Genetics, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-634-7127; fax: 601-634-0677; email: acmg@faseb.org; URL: www.acmg.net N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - FDA-NCI clinical proteomics program: Applications at the bedside AN - 39681079; 3759164 AU - Petricoin, E Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39681079?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=FDA-NCI+clinical+proteomics+program%3A+Applications+at+the+bedside&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+E&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Association of Anatomists, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20814-3998, USA; phone: 301-634-7910; fax: 301-634-7965; email: exec@anatomy.org; URL: www.anatomy.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Produce safety: What impact does it have on your lunch? AN - 39668330; 3763190 AU - Guzewich, J Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39668330?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Produce+safety%3A+What+impact+does+it+have+on+your+lunch%3F&rft.au=Guzewich%2C+J&rft.aulast=Guzewich&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: US Department of Agriculture, URL: www.usda.gov N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Drug development process and the FDA regulations: Small molecules, proteins, genes and stem cells AN - 39635487; 3759099 AU - Moos, M Jr Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39635487?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Drug+development+process+and+the+FDA+regulations%3A+Small+molecules%2C+proteins%2C+genes+and+stem+cells&rft.au=Moos%2C+M+Jr&rft.aulast=Moos&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American College of Medical Genetics, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; phone: 301-634-7127; fax: 601-634-0677; email: acmg@faseb.org; URL: www.acmg.net N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Demonstration and localization of neuronal degeneration in the rat forebrain following a single exposure to MDMA AN - 18919706; 5643637 AB - Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) is a powerful releaser of serotonin. Increasing recreational use of this stimulant and hallucinogenic drug has raised concerns about its potential to produce brain damage. The vast majority of previous research studies have focused on the compound's ability to deplete serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) from axon terminals. Despite extensive research on this 5-HT terminal neurotoxicity', a much less studied aspect of MDMA toxicity involves its ability to actually kill nerve cells. Only two prior studies mention the existence of MDMA-induced neuronal degeneration, as reflected by a limited number of argyrophylic neurons within the somatosensory cortex, following very high doses of MDMA. The development of Fluoro-Jade B as a simple and reliable marker of neuronal degeneration has allowed us to conduct the first comprehensive localization of MDMA induced neuronal degeneration throughout the entire rat forebrain. In addition to the previously reported neuronal degeneration within parietal cortex, degenerating neurons were also observed in the insular/perirhinal cortex, the ventromedial/ventrolateral thalamus, and the tenia tecta. The extent of neuronal degeneration observed generally correlated with the degree of hyperthermia achieved. JF - Brain Research AU - Schmued, L C AD - Department of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 SP - 127 EP - 133 VL - 974 IS - 1-2 SN - 0006-8993, 0006-8993 KW - rats KW - degeneration KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Forebrain KW - Hyperthermia KW - Brain injury KW - Neurons KW - Brain KW - Drug abuse KW - Neurodegeneration KW - MDMA KW - Serotonin KW - N3 11106:Neurobiology of drug abuse KW - X 24180:Social poisons & drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18919706?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brain+Research&rft.atitle=Demonstration+and+localization+of+neuronal+degeneration+in+the+rat+forebrain+following+a+single+exposure+to+MDMA&rft.au=Schmued%2C+L+C&rft.aulast=Schmued&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=974&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=127&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Brain+Research&rft.issn=00068993&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0006-8993%2803%2902563-0 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Drug abuse; Brain; Neurons; MDMA; Neurodegeneration; Brain injury; Forebrain; Hyperthermia; Serotonin DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(03)02563-0 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The unusual effect of pKM101 on the mutagenicity of acetaldehyde oxime in Salmonella typhimurium AN - 18800769; 5658005 AB - Acetaldehyde oxime was found to induce more revertants in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535 than in TA100 in the absence of S9 metabolic activation. TA100 was originally constructed from TA1535 by the addition of the plasmid pKM101, carrying mucAB which generally enhances sensitivity to the mutagenic effects of chemicals. The role of pKM101 in lowering the sensitivity to acetaldehyde oxime was explored by: (1) increasing the incubation time of the selective agar plates from 2 to 3 days; (2) using a new strain, isogenic to TA100, constructed by introducing pKM101 into the TA1535 isolate used in these experiments; (3) by testing a strain constructed by inserting into TA1535 a plasmid carrying mucAB but otherwise unrelated to pKM101. Each of these alterations increased the number of revertants per plate in the presence of acetaldehyde oxime, indicating that the apparent nonmutagenicity of this chemical in TA100 is due to multiple factors. JF - Mutation Research-Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis AU - Prival, MJ AD - Division of In Vitro and Biochemical Toxicology (HFS-25), U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA Y1 - 2003/06/06/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 06 SP - 201 EP - 208 VL - 537 IS - 2 SN - 1383-5718, 1383-5718 KW - acetaldehyde oxime KW - mucA gene KW - mucB gene KW - Genetics Abstracts; Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - G 07221:Specific chemicals KW - J 02740:Genetics and evolution UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18800769?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.atitle=The+unusual+effect+of+pKM101+on+the+mutagenicity+of+acetaldehyde+oxime+in+Salmonella+typhimurium&rft.au=Prival%2C+MJ&rft.aulast=Prival&rft.aufirst=MJ&rft.date=2003-06-06&rft.volume=537&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=201&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mutation+Research-Genetic+Toxicology+and+Environmental+Mutagenesis&rft.issn=13835718&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1383-5718%2803%2900087-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(03)00087-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - deltaNp63alpha functions as both a positive and a negative transcriptional regulator and blocks in vitro differentiation of murine keratinocytes. AN - 73360716; 12789272 AB - deltaNp63 is overexpressed in squamous carcinomas where it is associated with proliferation and is believed to enhance cell growth by blocking p53-mediated transactivation. In normal epithelium, deltaNp63alpha protein expression is abundant in basal cells and decreases with differentiation. To explore the biological consequences of deltaNp63alpha overexpression in relation to squamous carcinogenesis, we evaluated its effect on normal squamous differentiation and p53 transactivation function in keratinocytes. Forced overexpression of deltaNp63alpha in primary murine keratinocytes in vitro inhibits morphological differentiation induced by elevated extracellular [Ca(2+)], abrogates Ca(2)(+)-induced growth arrest, and blocks expression of maturation-specific proteins keratin 10 and filaggrin. This suggests that deltaNp63 overexpression in squamous carcinomas may serve to maintain the basal cell phenotype and promote cell survival. deltaNp63alpha blocks transactivation of p53 responsive reporter constructs mediated by endogenous or exogenous p53 at 17 h postinfection, as expected. However, at 41 h, when p53-mediated transactivation is diminished, deltaNp63alpha enhances transactivation of these reporter constructs by 2.2-12-fold over control. Maximal deltaNp63alpha-induced transactivation requires intact p53 responsive elements, but is independent of cellular p53 status. This positive transcriptional function of deltaNp63alpha appears to be cell-type specific, as it is not observed in primary dermal fibroblasts or Saos-2 cells. These findings support deltaNp63alpha as a master regulator of keratinocyte differentiation, and suggest a novel function of this protein in the maintenance of epithelial homeostasis. JF - Oncogene AU - King, Kathryn E AU - Ponnamperuma, Roshini M AU - Yamashita, Toshiharu AU - Tokino, Takashi AU - Lee, Lela A AU - Young, Marian F AU - Weinberg, Wendy C AD - Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Y1 - 2003/06/05/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 05 SP - 3635 EP - 3644 VL - 22 IS - 23 SN - 0950-9232, 0950-9232 KW - Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones KW - 0 KW - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors KW - DNA-Binding Proteins KW - Phosphoproteins KW - Protein Isoforms KW - Recombinant Proteins KW - TP63 protein, human KW - Trans-Activators KW - Transcription Factors KW - Trp63 protein, mouse KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 KW - Tumor Suppressor Proteins KW - benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone KW - Calcium KW - SY7Q814VUP KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Genes, Tumor Suppressor KW - Humans KW - Osteosarcoma -- pathology KW - Fibroblasts -- cytology KW - Calcium -- pharmacology KW - Bone Neoplasms -- pathology KW - Transcription, Genetic KW - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors -- pharmacology KW - Calcium -- metabolism KW - Recombinant Proteins -- metabolism KW - Genes, Reporter KW - Osteosarcoma -- genetics KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- genetics KW - Bone Neoplasms -- genetics KW - Fibroblasts -- drug effects KW - Mice KW - Organ Specificity KW - Recombinant Proteins -- genetics KW - Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 -- metabolism KW - Transcriptional Activation KW - Binding Sites KW - Adenoviridae -- genetics KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Mice, Inbred C57BL KW - Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones -- pharmacology KW - Keratinocytes -- physiology KW - Cell Differentiation -- physiology KW - Transcription Factors -- metabolism KW - Keratinocytes -- drug effects KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- genetics KW - Keratinocytes -- cytology KW - Transcription Factors -- genetics KW - DNA-Binding Proteins -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73360716?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oncogene&rft.atitle=deltaNp63alpha+functions+as+both+a+positive+and+a+negative+transcriptional+regulator+and+blocks+in+vitro+differentiation+of+murine+keratinocytes.&rft.au=King%2C+Kathryn+E%3BPonnamperuma%2C+Roshini+M%3BYamashita%2C+Toshiharu%3BTokino%2C+Takashi%3BLee%2C+Lela+A%3BYoung%2C+Marian+F%3BWeinberg%2C+Wendy+C&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft.date=2003-06-05&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=23&rft.spage=3635&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Oncogene&rft.issn=09509232&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-11 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Skin protectant drug products for over-the-counter human use; final monograph. Final rule. AN - 73352930; 12785379 AB - The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a final rule in the form of a final monograph establishing conditions under which over-the-counter (OTC) skin protectant drug products are generally recognized as safe and effective and not misbranded as part of the ongoing review of OTC drug products conducted by FDA. The final monograph includes OTC skin protectant drug products for minor cuts, scrapes, burns, chapped skin and lips, poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, and insect bites. FDA is issuing this final rule after considering public comments on the agency's proposed regulation, which was issued in the form of a tentative final monograph, and all new data and information on skin protectant drug products for these specific uses that have come to the agency's attention. This final rule amends the regulation that lists nonmonograph active ingredients by adding those OTC skin protectant ingredients that have been found to be not generally recognized as safe and effective. This final rule also lifts the stay of 21 CFR part 352 (published at 66 FR 67485, December 31, 2001) to amend the final monograph for OTC sunscreen drug products to include sunscreen-skin protectant combination drug products, and then stays Sec. 347.20(d) (21 CFR 347.20(d)) and part 352 until further notice in the Federal Register. JF - Federal register AU - Food and Drug Administration, HHS AD - Food and Drug Administration, HHS Y1 - 2003/06/04/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 04 SP - 33362 EP - 33381 VL - 68 IS - 107 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Dermatologic Agents KW - 0 KW - Nonprescription Drugs KW - Protective Agents KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Protective Agents -- classification KW - Humans KW - Consumer Product Safety -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Dermatologic Agents -- classification KW - Nonprescription Drugs -- classification KW - Drug Labeling -- legislation & jurisprudence UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73352930?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Skin+protectant+drug+products+for+over-the-counter+human+use%3B+final+monograph.+Final+rule.&rft.au=Food+and+Drug+Administration%2C+HHS&rft.aulast=Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft.aufirst=HHS&rft.date=2003-06-04&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=107&rft.spage=33362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-13 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-04 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Functioning and disability associated with mental disorders: the evolution since ICIDH. AN - 85378990; pmid-12959335 AB - The International Mental Health Task Force participated actively from the outset of the revision of the ICIDH and development of the ICF. The Task Force was responsible for development of all aspects of functioning and disability associated with mental disorders. Building upon knowledge gained since the publication of the ICIDH, it had unique responsibility for development of the ICF chapter on mental functioning. It was also responsible to assure the ICF section on activities and participation integrated and reflected the functioning and disability associated with mental disorders without the redundancy of ICIDH. As context to the revision, the article describes the relationship of diagnostic classifications of mental disorders with disability, and analyses the mental disorder aspects of impairments and disabilities in the ICIDH. Membership in the Task Force represented diversity in geographical, cultural, professional, and personal perspectives on disabilities. This diverse acumen was focused on a range of activities that both specified the unique aspects of functioning and disability associated with mental disorders and assured inclusion of the mental health perspective on the domains of functioning and disability common to physical conditions. Finally, the article notes four current applications of the ICF that are inclusive of the mental health perspective. JF - Disability and rehabilitation AU - Kennedy, C AD - Office of Disability, Aging, and Long-Term Care Policy, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC 20201, USA. marijke.de.kleijn@rivm.nl Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 611 EP - 619 VL - 25 IS - 11-12 SN - 0963-8288, 0963-8288 KW - Index Medicus KW - National Library of Medicine KW - Activities of Daily Living: classification KW - *Disability Evaluation KW - *Health Status Indicators KW - Humans KW - *Mental Disorders: classification KW - *Mental Disorders: diagnosis KW - World Health Organization UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/85378990?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acomdisdome&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Disability+and+rehabilitation&rft.atitle=Functioning+and+disability+associated+with+mental+disorders%3A+the+evolution+since+ICIDH.&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+C&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=11-12&rft.spage=611&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Disability+and+rehabilitation&rft.issn=09638288&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English (eng) DB - ComDisDome N1 - Date revised - 2011-12-15 N1 - Last updated - 2012-07-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The US Food and Drug Administration's registry of patients with pergolide-associated valvular heart disease. AN - 73664423; 12934784 JF - Mayo Clinic proceedings AU - Flowers, Charlene M AU - Racoosin, Judith A AU - Lu, Susan L AU - Beitz, Julie G AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA. flowersc@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 730 EP - 731 VL - 78 IS - 6 SN - 0025-6196, 0025-6196 KW - Dopamine Agonists KW - 0 KW - Pergolide KW - 24MJ822NZ9 KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Registries KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Finland KW - Humans KW - Belgium KW - Denmark KW - United Kingdom KW - Pergolide -- adverse effects KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Heart Valve Diseases -- pathology KW - Dopamine Agonists -- adverse effects KW - Heart Valve Diseases -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73664423?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mayo+Clinic+proceedings&rft.atitle=The+US+Food+and+Drug+Administration%27s+registry+of+patients+with+pergolide-associated+valvular+heart+disease.&rft.au=Flowers%2C+Charlene+M%3BRacoosin%2C+Judith+A%3BLu%2C+Susan+L%3BBeitz%2C+Julie+G&rft.aulast=Flowers&rft.aufirst=Charlene&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=730&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Mayo+Clinic+proceedings&rft.issn=00256196&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-08-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-08-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment In: Mayo Clin Proc. 2003 Jun;78(6):684-6 [12934776] Comment On: Mayo Clin Proc. 2002 Dec;77(12):1280-6 [12479512] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by the combined action of anti-gp41 single chain antibody and IL-16. AN - 73419014; 12834863 AB - HIV-1 replication is inhibited in T cells transfected with an anti-gp41 single chain antibody (ScFv) or IL-16. These two molecules target totally different events in the HIV-1 replication cycle. The present study shows that HIV-1 replication is inhibited to a substantially greater extent and for a longer duration in cells transfected with both anti-gp41 and IL-16 than with either molecule alone. It is concluded that anti-gp41 and IL-16 act in a synergistic fashion to inhibit HIV-1 replication. JF - Antiviral research AU - Devadas, Krishnakumar AU - Zhou, Paul AU - Tewari, Deepanker AU - Notkins, Abner Louis AD - Experimental Medicine Section, Oral Immunity and Infection Branch, Building 30, Room 121, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, 30 Convent Drive, MSC 4322, Bethesda, MD 20892-4322, USA. devadas@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 67 EP - 70 VL - 59 IS - 1 SN - 0166-3542, 0166-3542 KW - Antibodies, Viral KW - 0 KW - Antigens, CD4 KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp41 KW - Interleukin-16 KW - Index Medicus KW - Spectrometry, Fluorescence KW - Electroporation KW - Transfection KW - Kinetics KW - Humans KW - Jurkat Cells KW - Cell Division -- drug effects KW - Antigens, CD4 -- biosynthesis KW - Drug Synergism KW - T-Lymphocytes -- virology KW - Virus Replication -- drug effects KW - Antibodies, Viral -- pharmacology KW - Interleukin-16 -- pharmacology KW - HIV Envelope Protein gp41 -- immunology KW - HIV-1 -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73419014?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiviral+research&rft.atitle=Inhibition+of+HIV-1+replication+by+the+combined+action+of+anti-gp41+single+chain+antibody+and+IL-16.&rft.au=Devadas%2C+Krishnakumar%3BZhou%2C+Paul%3BTewari%2C+Deepanker%3BNotkins%2C+Abner+Louis&rft.aulast=Devadas&rft.aufirst=Krishnakumar&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=67&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Antiviral+research&rft.issn=01663542&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-23 N1 - Date created - 2003-07-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risperidone-associated diabetes mellitus: a pharmacovigilance study. AN - 73396270; 12820816 AB - To explore the clinical characteristics of hyperglycemia in patients treated with risperidone. Pharmacovigilance survey of spontaneously reported adverse events in risperidone-treated patients, with reports of haloperidol-associated hyperglycemia used as a control. Government-affiliated drug evaluation center. The Food and Drug Administration MedWatch surveillance program was queried (risperidone, 1993-February 2002; haloperidol, late 1970s-February 2002) and results pooled with published cases. We identified 131 reports of risperidone-associated hyperglycemia in addition to seven reports of patients with hyperglycemia who received combined risperidone-haloperidol therapy and six reports of acidosis that occurred in the absence of hyperglycemia. We found 13 reports of haloperidol-associated hyperglycemia and 11 reports of acidosis without hyperglycemia. Of the reports of risperidone-associated hyperglycemia (monotherapy), 78 patients had newly diagnosed hyperglycemia, 46 had exacerbated preexisting diabetes, and 7 could not be classified. Mean +/- SD age was 39.8 +/- 17.4 years (range 8-96 yrs). Patients with new-onset diabetes (mean +/- SD age 34.8 +/- 15.7 yrs) were younger than those with preexisting diabetes (mean +/- SD age 48.8 +/- 17.5 yrs). The overall male:female ratio was 1.5. In most patients, hyperglycemia appeared within 3 months of the start of risperidone therapy. Severity of disease ranged from mild glucose intolerance to diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar coma. Twenty-six patients with acidosis or ketosis were reported. Four patients died. Atypical antipsychotic treatment may unmask or precipitate hyperglycemia. Although such cases attributed to clozapine or olanzapine are more numerous than those associated with risperidone, the number for risperidone-associated hyperglycemia is relatively higher than that observed with the conventional neuroleptic haloperidol. JF - Pharmacotherapy AU - Koller, Elizabeth A AU - Cross, James T AU - Doraiswamy, P Murali AU - Schneider, Bruce S AD - Division of Metabolic and Endocrine Drug Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, USA. Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 735 EP - 744 VL - 23 IS - 6 SN - 0277-0008, 0277-0008 KW - Antipsychotic Agents KW - 0 KW - Haloperidol KW - J6292F8L3D KW - Risperidone KW - L6UH7ZF8HC KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - Child KW - Hyperglycemia -- etiology KW - MEDLINE KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Hyperglycemia -- epidemiology KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Product Surveillance, Postmarketing KW - Middle Aged KW - Adolescent KW - United States -- epidemiology KW - Male KW - Female KW - Haloperidol -- adverse effects KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- etiology KW - Diabetes Mellitus -- epidemiology KW - Risperidone -- adverse effects KW - Antipsychotic Agents -- adverse effects KW - Drug Utilization Review UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73396270?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pharmacotherapy&rft.atitle=Risperidone-associated+diabetes+mellitus%3A+a+pharmacovigilance+study.&rft.au=Koller%2C+Elizabeth+A%3BCross%2C+James+T%3BDoraiswamy%2C+P+Murali%3BSchneider%2C+Bruce+S&rft.aulast=Koller&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=735&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Pharmacotherapy&rft.issn=02770008&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-10-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Peptides: their role in excess alcohol drinking and their promise as a therapeutic tool. AN - 73389697; 12818713 JF - Physiology & behavior AU - Egli, Mark AD - Division of Basic Research, The National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 6000 Executive Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. megli@willco.niaaa.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 89 EP - 93 VL - 79 IS - 1 SN - 0031-9384, 0031-9384 KW - Leptin KW - 0 KW - Neuropeptide Y KW - Neuropeptides KW - Ethanol KW - 3K9958V90M KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome -- physiopathology KW - Motivation KW - Humans KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome -- genetics KW - Ethanol -- toxicity KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Leptin -- physiology KW - Leptin -- genetics KW - Neuropeptide Y -- physiology KW - Neuropeptide Y -- genetics KW - Alcoholism -- rehabilitation KW - Neuropeptides -- physiology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- physiopathology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- prevention & control KW - Alcoholism -- physiopathology KW - Alcohol Drinking -- genetics KW - Alcoholism -- genetics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73389697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.atitle=Peptides%3A+their+role+in+excess+alcohol+drinking+and+their+promise+as+a+therapeutic+tool.&rft.au=Egli%2C+Mark&rft.aulast=Egli&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=89&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Physiology+%26+behavior&rft.issn=00319384&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-09 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-23 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of a polymerase chain reaction-based approach for the simultaneous detection of multiple animal-derived materials in animal feed. AN - 73385773; 12801014 AB - In this study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer set capable of amplifying a mitochondrial DNA segment of multiple species (cattle, sheep, goats, deer, and elk) whose rendered remains are prohibited from being fed to ruminants was characterized. However, the primer set also amplifies DNA derived from the rendered remains of pigs and horses, which are exempt from the feed ban. PCR amplicons derived from pig DNA have a restriction endonuclease site recognized by Hinf1, while the horse DNA-derived amplicon has a unique restriction endonuclease site recognized by HypCH4III. This "universal" PCR primer produced an amplicon with DNA extracted from dairy feed containing either bovine meat and bone meal or pig blood meal. Enzymatic digestion of the PCR amplicons from these feed samples with Hinf1 resulted in cleavage products only from samples containing pig blood meal. However, Hinf1 digestion of these amplicons was not complete. Further analysis of the pig blood meal with primers specific for bovine or porcine DNA demonstrated the presence of both bovine- and porcine-derived DNA. Enzymatic digestion confirmed these findings. Additional testing was conducted with dry dog food samples labeled as containing either lamb, chicken, turkey, or chicken and fish. The universal PCR primer produced an amplicon only for the dog food containing lamb meal. This paper is the first to describe a simplified approach for the detection of the prohibited species of concern in the feed ban. JF - Journal of food protection AU - Myers, Michael J AU - Yancy, Haile F AU - Farrell, Dorothy E AD - Division of Animal Research, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. mmyers@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 1085 EP - 1089 VL - 66 IS - 6 SN - 0362-028X, 0362-028X KW - DNA, Mitochondrial KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Animals KW - Cattle KW - Goats KW - Sheep KW - Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques KW - Species Specificity KW - Deer KW - Polymerase Chain Reaction -- methods KW - Food Contamination -- analysis KW - Animal Feed -- analysis KW - DNA, Mitochondrial -- isolation & purification UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73385773?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+a+polymerase+chain+reaction-based+approach+for+the+simultaneous+detection+of+multiple+animal-derived+materials+in+animal+feed.&rft.au=Myers%2C+Michael+J%3BYancy%2C+Haile+F%3BFarrell%2C+Dorothy+E&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1085&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+food+protection&rft.issn=0362028X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-31 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Approval summary: imatinib mesylate capsules for treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase. AN - 73378922; 12796358 AB - The purpose is to describe the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review and approval of imatinib (Gleevec; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ) for treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in chronic phase. The FDA reviewed data in electronic format from a randomized controlled clinical trial of 1106 adult patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML in chronic phase, comparing imatinib with the combination of IFN-alpha and cytarabine. Imatinib showed clinically and statistically significantly better results for time-to-progression to accelerated phase or blast crisis, progression-free survival, complete hematological response rate, and cytogenetic response rate. With a median follow-up of 14 months, a maximum follow-up of 19.5 months, and an expected median survival of 5-6 years on the IFN-alpha/cytarabine control arm, few of the expected progressions to accelerated or blast phase or deaths have occurred. Imatinib was also better tolerated. Edema, nausea, rigors, neutropenia, and headache were more frequent in women. Only 57% of the IFN-alpha target dose was administered, and only 68% of patients received any cytarabine. However, this does not appear to adequately explain the superiority of imatinib observed in this trial. Results of a population pharmacokinetic study in a subgroup of 371 patients and a separate rifampin-imatinib drug-drug interaction study in healthy volunteers are presented. On December 20, 2002, imatinib was granted accelerated approval under subpart H, rather than regular approval. Follow-up is short compared with the natural history of chronic phase CML or more mature results with established therapies such as IFN-alpha or transplantation. If imatinib should stop working after 1.5-2 years, the results could be importantly different from the present analysis. As a Phase IV postmarketing commitment, the applicant has agreed to provide follow-up reports on this imatinib study annually for the next 6 years. JF - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research AU - Johnson, John R AU - Bross, Peter AU - Cohen, Martin AU - Rothmann, Mark AU - Chen, Gang AU - Zajicek, Anne AU - Gobburu, Joga AU - Rahman, Atiqur AU - Staten, Ann AU - Pazdur, Richard AD - Division of Oncology Drug Products (HFD-150), Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857, USA. Johnsonj@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 1972 EP - 1979 VL - 9 IS - 6 SN - 1078-0432, 1078-0432 KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Benzamides KW - Capsules KW - Piperazines KW - Pyrimidines KW - Imatinib Mesylate KW - 8A1O1M485B KW - Index Medicus KW - Age Factors KW - Sex Factors KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Male KW - Female KW - Pyrimidines -- adverse effects KW - Pyrimidines -- therapeutic use KW - Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive -- genetics KW - Piperazines -- therapeutic use KW - Piperazines -- adverse effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- therapeutic use KW - Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73378922?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.atitle=Approval+summary%3A+imatinib+mesylate+capsules+for+treatment+of+adult+patients+with+newly+diagnosed+philadelphia+chromosome-positive+chronic+myelogenous+leukemia+in+chronic+phase.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+John+R%3BBross%2C+Peter%3BCohen%2C+Martin%3BRothmann%2C+Mark%3BChen%2C+Gang%3BZajicek%2C+Anne%3BGobburu%2C+Joga%3BRahman%2C+Atiqur%3BStaten%2C+Ann%3BPazdur%2C+Richard&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=John&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1972&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Clinical+cancer+research+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+American+Association+for+Cancer+Research&rft.issn=10780432&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-06 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy for the primary prevention of chronic conditions: recommendations and rationale. AN - 73367167; 12802162 JF - The American journal of nursing AU - Berg, Alfred O AU - U.S. Preventive Services Task Force AD - U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Practice and Technology Assessment, 6010 Executive Boulevard, Suite 300, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. uspstf@ahrq.gov ; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 83 EP - 91 VL - 103 IS - 6 SN - 0002-936X, 0002-936X KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Nursing KW - Evidence-Based Medicine KW - Cholecystitis -- chemically induced KW - Humans KW - Cholecystitis -- prevention & control KW - Aged KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- chemically induced KW - Cognition Disorders -- chemically induced KW - Cardiovascular Diseases -- prevention & control KW - Cognition Disorders -- prevention & control KW - Risk Factors KW - Neoplasms -- chemically induced KW - Neoplasms -- prevention & control KW - Middle Aged KW - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal -- prevention & control KW - Female KW - Estrogen Replacement Therapy -- adverse effects KW - Primary Prevention -- standards KW - Estrogen Replacement Therapy -- standards KW - Postmenopause -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73367167?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+journal+of+nursing&rft.atitle=Postmenopausal+hormone+replacement+therapy+for+the+primary+prevention+of+chronic+conditions%3A+recommendations+and+rationale.&rft.au=Berg%2C+Alfred+O%3BU.S.+Preventive+Services+Task+Force&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=83&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+American+journal+of+nursing&rft.issn=0002936X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-27 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-12 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Myeloid clonogenic assays for comparison of the in vitro toxicity of alkylating agents. AN - 73362461; 12781205 AB - A battery of clonal assays for myeloid progenitor cells (HPP-CFC, CFU-gemm, CFU-gm, CFU-g) was utilized to evaluate the myelotoxicity of a series of alkylating agents representing the spectrum of clinical times to nadir. Bone marrow aspirates from normal volunteers were incubated with mechlorethamine, busulfan, melphalan, carmustine or lomustine for 1 h and then cultured in methylcellulose with 30% serum and cytokines. There was a concentration-dependent inhibition of colony formation and often a differential toxicity to the myeloid progenitors with the alkylators tested. On a molar basis, mechlorethamine and melphalan were the most toxic of the alkylator drugs to the myeloid precursors. The most sensitive progenitor was CFU-gemm with the lowest inhibitory concentration IC(70) concentrations for mechlorethamine, melphalan, carmustine and lomustine. Generally, there was great similarity for drug effects between CFU-g and CFU-gm with overlapping inhibition curves. HPP-CFC proved to be the least sensitive of the progenitors to the toxic actions of the drugs. While there was no correlation between the time to clinical neutropenic nadir and the most sensitive progenitor in the clonal assays, the CFU-gm assay remains a suitable method for determining the myelotoxic potential of cytotoxic agents. JF - Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA AU - Volpe, D A AU - Warren, M K AD - Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, 5600 Fishers Lane, 20857, Rockville, MD, USA. volpe@cder.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 271 EP - 277 VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0887-2333, 0887-2333 KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating KW - 0 KW - Index Medicus KW - Sensitivity and Specificity KW - Humans KW - Cell Culture Techniques KW - Toxicity Tests -- methods KW - Neutropenia -- chemically induced KW - Myeloid Progenitor Cells -- drug effects KW - Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73362461?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+in+vitro+%3A+an+international+journal+published+in+association+with+BIBRA&rft.atitle=Myeloid+clonogenic+assays+for+comparison+of+the+in+vitro+toxicity+of+alkylating+agents.&rft.au=Volpe%2C+D+A%3BWarren%2C+M+K&rft.aulast=Volpe&rft.aufirst=D&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=271&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+in+vitro+%3A+an+international+journal+published+in+association+with+BIBRA&rft.issn=08872333&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-01-28 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-03 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The road to elucidating the mechanism of manganese-bilirubin-induced cholestasis. AN - 73347499; 12778929 JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Goering, Peter L AD - Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. plg@cdrh.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 216 EP - 219 VL - 73 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Manganese KW - 42Z2K6ZL8P KW - Cholesterol KW - 97C5T2UQ7J KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases KW - EC 1.1.1.- KW - Bilirubin KW - RFM9X3LJ49 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Drug Interactions KW - Cholesterol -- metabolism KW - Humans KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases -- metabolism KW - Manganese -- pharmacology KW - Manganese -- metabolism KW - Cholestasis, Intrahepatic -- metabolism KW - Bilirubin -- metabolism KW - Bilirubin -- pharmacology KW - Cholestasis, Intrahepatic -- chemically induced UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73347499?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=The+road+to+elucidating+the+mechanism+of+manganese-bilirubin-induced+cholestasis.&rft.au=Goering%2C+Peter+L&rft.aulast=Goering&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=216&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-02 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Comment On: Toxicol Sci. 2003 Jun;73(2):378-85 [12700418] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Molecular neuroadaptations in the accumbens and ventral tegmental area during the first 90 days of forced abstinence from cocaine self-administration in rats. AN - 73342176; 12787079 AB - Cocaine self-administration is associated with a propensity to relapse in humans and reinstatement of drug seeking in rats after prolonged withdrawal periods. These behaviors are hypothesized to be mediated by molecular neuroadaptations within the mesolimbic dopamine system. However, in most studies of drug-induced neuroadaptations, cocaine was experimenter-delivered and molecular measurements were performed after short withdrawal periods. In the present study, rats were trained to self-administer intravenous cocaine or oral sucrose (a control non-drug reward) for 10 days (6-h/day) and were killed following 1, 30, or 90 days of reward withdrawal. Tissues from the accumbens and ventral tegmental area (VTA) were assayed for candidate molecular neuroadaptations, including enzyme activities of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and adenylate cyclase (AC), and protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1, GluR2 and NMDAR1). In the accumbens of cocaine-trained rats, GluR1 and NMDAR1 levels were increased on days 1 and 90, while GluR2 levels were increased on days 1 and 30, but not day 90; PKA activity levels were increased on days 1 and 30, but not day 90, while AC activity, TH and cdk5 levels were unaltered. In the VTA of cocaine-trained rats, NMDAR1 levels were increased for up to 90 days, while GluR2 levels were increased only on day 1; TH and Cdk5 levels were increased only on day 1, while PKA and AC activity levels were unaltered. Cocaine self-administration produces long-lasting molecular neuroadaptations in the VTA and accumbens that may underlie cocaine relapse during periods of abstinence. JF - Journal of neurochemistry AU - Lu, Lin AU - Grimm, Jeff W AU - Shaham, Yavin AU - Hope, Bruce T AD - Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse/National Institutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 1604 EP - 1613 VL - 85 IS - 6 SN - 0022-3042, 0022-3042 KW - NR1 NMDA receptor KW - 0 KW - Receptors, AMPA KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate KW - glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 1 KW - glutamate receptor ionotropic, AMPA 2 KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase KW - EC 1.14.16.2 KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 KW - EC 2.7.11.1 KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases KW - EC 2.7.11.11 KW - Cdk5 protein, rat KW - EC 2.7.11.22 KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinases KW - Adenylyl Cyclases KW - EC 4.6.1.1 KW - Cocaine KW - I5Y540LHVR KW - Index Medicus KW - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases -- metabolism KW - Cyclin-Dependent Kinases -- metabolism KW - Animals KW - Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase -- metabolism KW - Rats, Long-Evans KW - Adenylyl Cyclases -- metabolism KW - Disease Models, Animal KW - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate -- metabolism KW - Receptors, AMPA -- metabolism KW - Rats KW - Adaptation, Physiological -- drug effects KW - Blotting, Western KW - Self Administration KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome -- metabolism KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- drug effects KW - Nucleus Accumbens -- metabolism KW - Ventral Tegmental Area -- metabolism KW - Cocaine-Related Disorders -- metabolism KW - Cocaine -- adverse effects KW - Cocaine -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73342176?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.atitle=Molecular+neuroadaptations+in+the+accumbens+and+ventral+tegmental+area+during+the+first+90+days+of+forced+abstinence+from+cocaine+self-administration+in+rats.&rft.au=Lu%2C+Lin%3BGrimm%2C+Jeff+W%3BShaham%2C+Yavin%3BHope%2C+Bruce+T&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=Lin&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1604&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+neurochemistry&rft.issn=00223042&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-06-05 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of intermittent exposure to aflatoxin B1 on DNA and RNA adduct formation in rat liver: dose-response and temporal patterns. AN - 73327849; 12700393 AB - We studied the effects of intermittent exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on hepatic DNA and RNA adduct formation. Fisher-344 male rats were fed 0.01, 0.04, 0.4, or 1.6 ppm of AFB1 intermittently for 8, 12, 16, and 20 weeks, alternating with 4 weeks of dosing and 4 weeks of rest. Other groups of rats were fed 1.6 ppm of AFB1 continuously for 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks. Control rats received AFB1-free NIH-31 meal diet. AFB1-DNA and -RNA adducts were measured by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The data are presented as total DNA or RNA adducts. The DNA and RNA adduct levels increased or decreased depending on the cycles of dosing and rest. Rats removed from treatment 1 month after 1 or 2 dosing cycles (8 and 16 weeks of intermittent exposure) showed approximately a twofold decrease in DNA adduct levels and a two- to elevenfold decrease in RNA adduct levels compared with rats euthanized immediately after the last dosing cycle (12 and 20 weeks of intermittent exposure). Our data indicate that DNA and RNA adducts increased linearly, from 0.01 ppm to 1.6 ppm of AFB1 after 12 and 20 weeks of intermittent treatment. A linear dose response was also apparent for DNA but not for RNA adducts after 8 and 16 weeks of treatment. As biomarkers of exposure, AFB1-RNA adducts were three to nine times more sensitive than AFB1-DNA adducts but showed greater variability. These results suggest that binding of AFB1 to hepatic DNA is a linear function of the dose, regardless of the way this is administered. The dose-response relationship for RNA adducts depends on the length of the no-dosing cycles and on the turnover rate of RNA. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Sotomayor, Rene E AU - Washington, Melissa AU - Nguyen, Linh AU - Nyang'anyi, Rahma AU - Hinton, Dennis M AU - Chou, Ming AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA. rsotomay@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 329 EP - 338 VL - 73 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - DNA Adducts KW - 0 KW - Mutagens KW - RNA KW - 63231-63-0 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Eating -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Diet KW - Time Factors KW - Male KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - DNA Adducts -- biosynthesis KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- administration & dosage KW - Liver -- metabolism KW - Mutagens -- toxicity KW - DNA Adducts -- drug effects KW - Mutagens -- administration & dosage KW - RNA -- drug effects KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- metabolism KW - DNA Adducts -- analysis KW - RNA -- metabolism KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73327849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Effects+of+intermittent+exposure+to+aflatoxin+B1+on+DNA+and+RNA+adduct+formation+in+rat+liver%3A+dose-response+and+temporal+patterns.&rft.au=Sotomayor%2C+Rene+E%3BWashington%2C+Melissa%3BNguyen%2C+Linh%3BNyang%27anyi%2C+Rahma%3BHinton%2C+Dennis+M%3BChou%2C+Ming&rft.aulast=Sotomayor&rft.aufirst=Rene&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=329&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Congestive heart failure in patients treated with doxorubicin: a retrospective analysis of three trials. AN - 73312414; 12767102 AB - Doxorubicin is a highly effective and widely used cytotoxic agent with application that is limited by cardiotoxicity related to the cumulative dose of the drug. A large-scale study that retrospectively evaluated the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin reported that an estimated 7% of patients developed doxorubicin-related congestive heart failure (CHF) after a cumulative dose of 550 mg/m(2). To assess whether this estimate is reflective of the incidence in the broader clinical oncology setting, the authors evaluated data from three prospective studies to determine both the incidence of doxorubicin-related CHF and the accumulated dose of doxorubicin at which CHF occurs. A group of 630 patients who were randomized to a doxorubicin-plus-placebo arm of three Phase III studies, two studies in patients with breast carcinoma and one study in patients with small cell lung carcinoma, were included in the analysis. Thirty-two of 630 patients had a diagnosis of CHF. Analysis indicated that an estimated cumulative 26% of patients would experience doxorubicin-related CHF at a cumulative dose of 550 mg/m(2). Age appeared to be an important risk factor for doxorubicin-related CHF after a cumulative dose of 400 mg/m(2), with older patients (age > 65 years) showing a greater incidence of CHF compared with younger patients (age 50% of the patients who experienced doxorubicin-related CHF had a reduction < 30% in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) while they were on study. Doxorubicin-related CHF occurs with greater frequency and at a lower cumulative dose than previously reported. These findings further indicate that LVEF is not an accurate predictor of CHF in patients who receive doxorubicin. Copyright 2003 American Cancer Society. JF - Cancer AU - Swain, Sandra M AU - Whaley, Fredrick S AU - Ewer, Michael S AD - National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20889, USA. swains@mail.nih.gov Y1 - 2003/06/01/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 Jun 01 SP - 2869 EP - 2879 VL - 97 IS - 11 SN - 0008-543X, 0008-543X KW - Antineoplastic Agents KW - 0 KW - Doxorubicin KW - 80168379AG KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - Ventricular Function, Left -- drug effects KW - Age Factors KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Humans KW - Adult KW - Retrospective Studies KW - Aged KW - Middle Aged KW - Stroke Volume -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Doxorubicin -- adverse effects KW - Heart Failure -- chemically induced KW - Antineoplastic Agents -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73312414?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cancer&rft.atitle=Congestive+heart+failure+in+patients+treated+with+doxorubicin%3A+a+retrospective+analysis+of+three+trials.&rft.au=Swain%2C+Sandra+M%3BWhaley%2C+Fredrick+S%3BEwer%2C+Michael+S&rft.aulast=Swain&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=2869&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Cancer&rft.issn=0008543X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-20 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-26 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Immunotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 in rats: effects on lymphocytes and the inflammatory response in a chronic intermittent dosing study. AN - 73298507; 12700391 AB - We investigated the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on isolated splenic lymphocytes and the histo-morphologic changes in the spleens and liver of Fisher-344 male rats. Weaned animals were fed chow diets that contained 0, 0.01, 0.04, 0.4, or 1.6 ppm AFB1, using an intermittent dosing regimen (4 weeks on and 4 weeks off AFB1), for 40 weeks. An additional group of animals was fed the 1.6 ppm AFB1 diet continuously. The intermittent dosing regimen was designed to evaluate effects of cumulative dose and exposure for risk assessment comparisons. The percentages of T and B cells were affected as shown by flow cytometric analysis after the dosing cycles. The observed changes appeared to reverse or compensate to some extent after the off cycles. Lymphocytes were stimulated in culture for analysis of the production of IL-2, IL-1, and IL-6. Significantly increased production of IL-1 and IL-6 was seen in the second dosing cycle (12 weeks) and the second "off" cycle (16 weeks) at the higher doses. Inflammatory infiltrates were seen in the liver after eight weeks of continuous and intermittent dosing and were increased in size and number at 12 weeks in both 1.6 ppm dose groups correlating with the peak production of Il-1 and IL-6. We concluded that AFB1 effects on the immune system can be either stimulatory or suppressive dependent on a critical exposure window of dose and time. Immune cells in spleen such as T-lymphocytes and macrophages, both important mediators of inflammatory responses to tissue damage, were affected differently in the continuous and intermittent exposures to AFB1. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Hinton, Dennis M AU - Myers, Michael J AU - Raybourne, Richard A AU - Francke-Carroll, Sabine AU - Sotomayor, Rene E AU - Shaddock, Joseph AU - Warbritton, Alan AU - Chou, Ming W AD - United States Food and Drug Association, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. dhinton@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 362 EP - 377 VL - 73 IS - 2 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Interleukins KW - 0 KW - Aflatoxin B1 KW - 9N2N2Y55MH KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Oral KW - Animals KW - Drug Administration Schedule KW - Liver -- pathology KW - Cell Count KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Liver -- immunology KW - Interleukins -- metabolism KW - Spleen -- pathology KW - Rats KW - Rats, Inbred F344 KW - Cells, Cultured KW - Liver -- drug effects KW - Toxicity Tests, Chronic KW - Spleen -- immunology KW - Flow Cytometry KW - Diet KW - Spleen -- drug effects KW - Male KW - B-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - T-Lymphocytes -- metabolism KW - Immune System -- drug effects KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- administration & dosage KW - Aflatoxin B1 -- toxicity KW - T-Lymphocytes -- drug effects KW - B-Lymphocytes -- metabolism UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73298507?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Immunotoxicity+of+aflatoxin+B1+in+rats%3A+effects+on+lymphocytes+and+the+inflammatory+response+in+a+chronic+intermittent+dosing+study.&rft.au=Hinton%2C+Dennis+M%3BMyers%2C+Michael+J%3BRaybourne%2C+Richard+A%3BFrancke-Carroll%2C+Sabine%3BSotomayor%2C+Rene+E%3BShaddock%2C+Joseph%3BWarbritton%2C+Alan%3BChou%2C+Ming+W&rft.aulast=Hinton&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=73&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=362&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-12-10 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-21 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of flaxseed and defatted flaxseed meal on reproduction and development in rats. AN - 73268351; 12738187 AB - Flaxseed, a rich source of reportedly beneficial n-3 fatty acid and phytoestrogens, has not been thoroughly tested for reproductive effects. High levels of flaxseed (FS, 20 or 40%) or defatted flaxseed meal (FLM, 13 or 26%) added to AIN-93 diet were evaluated in a two-phase study: dosed during gestation only or during gestation and maturation in a lifetime study. At cesarean section on gestation day 20, neither FS nor FLM affected fertility, body weight gain, litter size, or fetal development. FLM, but not FS, decreased gestation length. The offspring of dams allowed to litter were observed to postnatal day (PND) 21 or 90. Neither FS nor FLM affected PND 21 survival indices of F1 pups. FS (20 and 40%), but not FLM, increased the anogenital index (AGI) of F1 females at PND 21. The AGI of F1 males was not affected by either FS or FLM. FLM (13 and 26%), but not FS, delayed puberty in F1 males. Age and weight at the onset of puberty in females were not affected by FS or FLM. FS and FLM caused dose-related increases in the number of F1 females with irregular estrous cycles. During PND 21-90, F1 females fed 20% FS, 13% FLM, or 26% FLM gained more weight than the controls. FS and FLM decreased thymus/body weight and thymus/brain weight ratios in weanling F1 males and females. FS and FLM decreased liver/body weight and liver/brain weight ratios in weanling F1 females, and 26% FLM decreased the same two ratios in F1 males. In conclusion, FS did not affect fetal development but did affect indices of postnatal development such as the estrous cycle. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Collins, Thomas F X AU - Sprando, Robert L AU - Black, Thomas N AU - Olejnik, Nicholas AU - Wiesenfeld, Paddy W AU - Babu, Uma S AU - Bryant, Mark AU - Flynn, Thomas J AU - Ruggles, Dennis I AD - Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. tfc@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 819 EP - 834 VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Litter Size -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level KW - Body Weight -- drug effects KW - Male KW - Female KW - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects KW - Pregnancy KW - Organ Size -- drug effects KW - Fertility -- drug effects KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects KW - Flax -- toxicity KW - Fetus -- drug effects KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced KW - Reproduction -- drug effects KW - Fetus -- abnormalities KW - Seeds -- toxicity UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73268351?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Effects+of+flaxseed+and+defatted+flaxseed+meal+on+reproduction+and+development+in+rats.&rft.au=Collins%2C+Thomas+F+X%3BSprando%2C+Robert+L%3BBlack%2C+Thomas+N%3BOlejnik%2C+Nicholas%3BWiesenfeld%2C+Paddy+W%3BBabu%2C+Uma+S%3BBryant%2C+Mark%3BFlynn%2C+Thomas+J%3BRuggles%2C+Dennis+I&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Thomas+F&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=819&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Developmental effects of serum from flaxseed-fed rats on cultured rat embryos. AN - 73261928; 12738188 AB - Gestation day 9.5 rat embryos were cultured for 45 h in serum obtained from pregnant rats that had been fed throughout gestation with either a control diet (based on the AIN-93 formulation), a diet supplemented with flaxseed (20% or 40%, w/w), or a diet supplemented with de-fatted flaxseed ("flaxseed meal", 13 or 26%, w/w). The embryos were fixed in neutral formalin at the end of culture. Overall growth and development was assessed, and the presence of abnormalities was noted. A significant inhibition of growth (as determined by crown-rump length) relative to control was observed in embryos cultured in serum from rats fed the 20% flaxseed diet. The incidence of spontaneous heart inversions was increased significantly in the embryos cultured in serum from the 20% flaxseed and 26% flaxseed meal fed rats. The incidence of flexion defects was increased significantly in embryos cultured in serum from 20% flaxseed-fed rats. The lack of an apparent dose response in any of the statistically significant effects suggests that the observed anomalies were chance occurrences unrelated to the treatment group from which serum was obtained. It is therefore concluded that diets high in flaxseed or flaxseed meal do not result in serum factors that are directly embryotoxic to organogenesis-staged rat embryos. This finding is consistent with the findings of a parallel in vivo rat teratology study where no significant embryotoxicity attributable to flaxseed exposure was observed. JF - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association AU - Flynn, T J AU - Collins, T F X AU - Sprando, R L AU - Black, T N AU - Ruggles, D I AU - Wiesenfeld, P W AU - Babu, U S AD - Offices of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, FDA, MOD-1 Laboratories, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA. tflynn@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 835 EP - 840 VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - Index Medicus KW - Rats KW - Weight Gain -- drug effects KW - Animals KW - Abnormalities, Drug-Induced KW - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug KW - Morphogenesis -- drug effects KW - Organ Culture Techniques KW - Female KW - Pregnancy KW - Flax -- toxicity KW - Embryo, Mammalian -- drug effects KW - Seeds -- toxicity KW - Embryonic and Fetal Development -- drug effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73261928?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.atitle=Developmental+effects+of+serum+from+flaxseed-fed+rats+on+cultured+rat+embryos.&rft.au=Flynn%2C+T+J%3BCollins%2C+T+F+X%3BSprando%2C+R+L%3BBlack%2C+T+N%3BRuggles%2C+D+I%3BWiesenfeld%2C+P+W%3BBabu%2C+U+S&rft.aulast=Flynn&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=835&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+chemical+toxicology+%3A+an+international+journal+published+for+the+British+Industrial+Biological+Research+Association&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-16 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-09 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Barrier creams: fact or fiction. AN - 71513475; 14749030 JF - American journal of contact dermatitis : official journal of the American Contact Dermatitis Society AU - Lushniak, Boris AU - Mathias, C G Toby AU - Taylor, James S AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, USA. Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - June 2003 SP - 97 EP - 99 VL - 14 IS - 2 SN - 1046-199X, 1046-199X KW - Dermatologic Agents KW - 0 KW - Ointments KW - Index Medicus KW - Administration, Cutaneous KW - Humans KW - Interviews as Topic KW - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact -- prevention & control KW - Dermatologic Agents -- administration & dosage KW - Dermatitis, Occupational -- prevention & control KW - Ointments -- administration & dosage UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/71513475?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+contact+dermatitis+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Contact+Dermatitis+Society&rft.atitle=Barrier+creams%3A+fact+or+fiction.&rft.au=Lushniak%2C+Boris%3BMathias%2C+C+G+Toby%3BTaylor%2C+James+S&rft.aulast=Lushniak&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=97&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=American+journal+of+contact+dermatitis+%3A+official+journal+of+the+American+Contact+Dermatitis+Society&rft.issn=1046199X&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2004-02-12 N1 - Date created - 2004-01-29 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of endotoxin and 3-hydroxy fatty acid levels in air and settled dust from commercial aircraft cabins AN - 19221830; 5797072 AB - Endotoxin was measured in air and dust samples collected during four commercial aircraft flights. Samples were analyzed for endotoxin biological activity using the Limulus assay. 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH FA) of carbon chain lengths C sub(10:0)-C sub(18:0) were determined in dust by gas chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) endotoxin air level was 1.5 EU/m super(3) (1.9, n = 28); however, significant differences were found by flight within aircraft type. Mean endotoxin levels were significantly higher in carpet dust than in seat dust (140 plus or minus 81 vs. 51 plus or minus 25 EU/mg dust, n = 32 each, P < 0.001). Airborne endotoxin levels were not significantly related to either carpet or seat dust endotoxin levels. Mean 3-OH FA levels were significantly higher in carpet dust than in seat dust for C sub(10:2), C sub(12:0), and C sub(14:0) (P < 0.001 for each), while the mean level of C sub(16:0) was significantly higher in seat dust than in carpet dust (P < 0.01). Carpet dust endotoxin was significantly, but moderately, correlated with 3-OH-C sub(12:0) and 3-OH-C sub(14:0) (Pearson r = 0.52 and 0.48, respectively), while correlation of seat dust endotoxin with individual 3-OH FAs depended on the test statistic used. Mean endotoxin potency was significantly higher for carpet dust than for seat dust (6.3 plus or minus 3.0 vs. 3.0 plus or minus 1.4 EU/pmol LPS, P < 0.0001). Mean endotoxin levels in the air and dust of commercial aircraft cabins were generally higher than mean levels reported in homes and office buildings. These results suggest that exposure route and dust source are important considerations when relating endotoxin exposure to specific health outcomes. JF - Indoor Air AU - Hines, C J AU - Waters, MA AU - Larsson, L AU - Petersen, M R AU - Saraf, A AU - Milton, D K AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 166 EP - 173 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 0905-6947, 0905-6947 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - Endotoxins KW - Air quality KW - Dust KW - Public health KW - Aircraft KW - Occupational exposure KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures KW - H 14000:Toxicology KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19221830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indoor+Air&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+endotoxin+and+3-hydroxy+fatty+acid+levels+in+air+and+settled+dust+from+commercial+aircraft+cabins&rft.au=Hines%2C+C+J%3BWaters%2C+MA%3BLarsson%2C+L%3BPetersen%2C+M+R%3BSaraf%2C+A%3BMilton%2C+D+K&rft.aulast=Hines&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=166&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Indoor+Air&rft.issn=09056947&rft_id=info:doi/10.1034%2Fj.1600-0668.2003.00175.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Public health; Occupational exposure; Endotoxins; Air quality; Dust; Aircraft DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0668.2003.00175.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An In Vitro Bioassay for Xenobiotics Using the SXR-Driven Human CYP3A4/lacZ Reporter Gene AN - 18828065; 5699747 AB - The dose and time effect of nine xenobiotics, including 17 beta -estradiol, corticosterone, dexamethasone, progesterone, nifedipine, bisphenol A, rifampicin, methamphetamine, and nicotine were investigated, in vitro, using human steroid and xenobiotics receptor (SXR)-binding sites on the human CYP3A4 promoter, which can enhance the linked lacZ reporter gene transcription. To test this, liver-specific SAP (human serum amyloid P component)-SXR (SAP/SXR) and human CYP3A4 promoter-regulated lacZ (hCYP3A4/lacZ) constructs were transiently transfected into HepG2 and NIH3T3 cells to compare the xenobiotic responsiveness between human and nonhuman cell lines. In the HepG2 cells, rifampicin, followed by corticosterone, nicotine, methamphetamine, and dexamethasone, exhibited enhanced levels of the lacZ transcript, whereas those of bisphenol A and nifedipine were found to be reduced. No significant responses were observed with 17 beta -estradiol or progesterone. In addition, 17 beta -estradiol and progesterone did not change the levels of the lacZ transcripts in the HepG2 cells, but did induce significant increases in the transcripts of the NIH3T3 cells. Treatment with corticosterone and dexamethasone, which were highly expressed in the HepG2 cells, did not affect the levels of the lacZ transcript in NIH3T3 cells. These results show that lacZ transcripts can be measured, rapidly and reproducibly, using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based on the expression of the hCYP3A4/lacZ reporter gene; and was mediated by the SXR. Thus, this in vitro reporter gene bioassay is useful for measuring xenobiotic activities, and is a means to a better relevant bioassay, using human cells, human genes and human promoters, in order to get a closer look at actual human exposure. JF - International Journal of Toxicology AU - Lee, Mi R AU - Kim, Yeon J AU - Hwang, Dae Y AU - Kang, Tae S AU - Hwang, Jin H AU - Lim, Chae H AU - Kang, Hyung K AU - Goo, Jun S AU - Lim, Hwa J AU - Ahn, Kwang S AU - Cho, Jung S AU - Chae, Kap R AU - Kim, Yong K AD - Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 207 EP - 213 VL - 22 IS - 3 SN - 1091-5818, 1091-5818 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18828065?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=An+In+Vitro+Bioassay+for+Xenobiotics+Using+the+SXR-Driven+Human+CYP3A4%2FlacZ+Reporter+Gene&rft.au=Lee%2C+Mi+R%3BKim%2C+Yeon+J%3BHwang%2C+Dae+Y%3BKang%2C+Tae+S%3BHwang%2C+Jin+H%3BLim%2C+Chae+H%3BKang%2C+Hyung+K%3BGoo%2C+Jun+S%3BLim%2C+Hwa+J%3BAhn%2C+Kwang+S%3BCho%2C+Jung+S%3BChae%2C+Kap+R%3BKim%2C+Yong+K&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Mi&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=207&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10915818&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the Scientific Basis for Genetic Testing of Railroad Workers with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome AN - 18825824; 5692411 AB - In 2000, approximately 20 railroad track workers who filed injury reports or compensation claims for carpal tunnel syndrome were tested by their employer for two genetic traits to determine the work relatedness of the condition. The testing involved deletions, variants, or mutations in the genetic coding for peripheral myelin protein (PMP22) and transthyretin (TTR). This article is an assessment of whether there is a scientific basis for such testing. A review of the scientific literature indicated that neither the scientific basis nor the population validity of the PMP22 or TTR tests for carpal tunnel syndrome were adequately established before use on railroad track workers in 2000. Although ethical and legal issues may predominate in this case, the absence of a compelling scientific basis undermines the decision to conduct the tests. JF - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine AU - Schulte, P A AU - Lomax, G AD - NIOSH, MS-C14, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA, pas4@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 592 EP - 600 VL - 45 IS - 6 SN - 1076-2752, 1076-2752 KW - carpal tunnel syndrome KW - genetic testing KW - working conditions KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18825824?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.atitle=Assessment+of+the+Scientific+Basis+for+Genetic+Testing+of+Railroad+Workers+with+Carpal+Tunnel+Syndrome&rft.au=Schulte%2C+P+A%3BLomax%2C+G&rft.aulast=Schulte&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=592&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Medicine&rft.issn=10762752&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Protein Digestibility and Relevance to Allergenicity AN - 18820471; 5715022 AB - In January 2001 a joint Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Consultation Committee on Allergenicity of Foods Derived from Biotechnology published a report outlining in detail an approach for assessing the allergenic potential of novel proteins. One component of this decision tree is a determination of whether the protein of interest is resistant to proteolysic digestion. Although these in vitro methodologies have been useful, the correlation between resistance to proteolysis and allergenic activity is not absolute. Two views and highlights of supporting research regarding the relationship of resistance to digestion and allergenicity are presented in this article. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Bannon, G AU - Fu, T-J AU - Kimber, I AU - Hinton, D M AD - U.S. FDA, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20878-2476, USA, dmhinton@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 1122 EP - 1124 PB - NIH, Government Printing Office VL - 111 IS - 8 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - digestibility KW - man KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Immunology Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants KW - W4 330:Biopolymers & Food Biotechnology KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - F 06844:General UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18820471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Protein+Digestibility+and+Relevance+to+Allergenicity&rft.au=Bannon%2C+G%3BFu%2C+T-J%3BKimber%2C+I%3BHinton%2C+D+M&rft.aulast=Bannon&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=111&rft.issue=8&rft.spage=1122&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289%2Fehp.5812 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.5812 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The importance of occupational skin diseases in the United States AN - 18808266; 5677954 AB - Occupational skin diseases and disorders (OSDs) are the most commonly reported non-trauma-related (acute or cumulative) category of occupational illnesses in the United States. This factor, along with their potential chronicity, their effect on an individual's vocational and avocational activities, and the fact that they are preventable, point out the public health importance of OSDs. It can be difficult to obtain accurate epidemiological data for OSDs in the US, and all sources have their limitations. OSD cases that result in days away from work are important categories to study, since days away from work may be used as an indicator of the severity of a case. Descriptive epidemiology may be used to provide further information on these "more severe" cases, to determine, for example, high-risk industries, occupations, and exposures, and then to use this information to target the high-risk, "more severe" cases for prevention strategies. The goal of the US Public Health Service for the year 2010, as established in its "Healthy People 2010: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives," is to reduce national OSDs to an incidence of no more than 46 per 100,000 full-time workers. Both irritant and allergic contact dermatitis are considered to be priority research areas as outlined in the National Occupational Research Agenda introduced in 1996 by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Increased knowledge and awareness of occupational skin diseases will assist in the achievement of the national public health goals. JF - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health AU - Lushniak, B D AD - Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4676 Columbia Parkway, R-12, 45226, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, BLushniak@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 325 EP - 330 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00420/bibs/3076 005/30760325.htm] VL - 76 IS - 5 SN - 0340-0131, 0340-0131 KW - contact dermatitis KW - man KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - X 24250:Reviews KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18808266?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=The+importance+of+occupational+skin+diseases+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Lushniak%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Lushniak&rft.aufirst=B&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=325&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00420-002-0417-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-002-0417-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Hepatocyte Culture as an In Vitro Model for Evaluating the Hepatotoxicity of Food-Borne Toxicants and Microbial Pathogens: A Review AN - 18805404; 5677396 AB - Hepatocyte culture is a well-established, well-characterized, and widely used in vitro tool for pharamacological and toxicological studies. The hepatocytes of a wide range of species, including humans, can be maintained in culture with a high metabolizing capacity for several days under closely controlled and easily manipulated conditions. Numerous studies have reported good correlation between in vitro hepatocytes and in vivo siutations. They have been widely used for studies of the metabolism and of the toxicity and mechanisms of action of chemicals and drugs, for the screening of mutagens, carcinogens, and micotoxins, for virulence assessment of microbial pathogens and viruses, for qualitative and quantitative interspecies comparison, and for genomics and proteiomics studies. Hepatocytes, especially human hepatocytes, are used for preclinical drug evaluation and screening as well as for studies of drug metabolism, toxicity, interactions, and structure-activity relationships. They can be used for evaluating the hepatotoxicity of herbal products, dietary supplements, food additives, food-borne toxicants, and microbial pathogens. The results obtained from such in vitro screenings can be used for in vivo studies to asses the safety of test materials of interest. At the present time, there is insufficient evidence for their use in quantitative risk assessment. However, they are suitable for use in qualitative hazard assessment, which may be used for quantitative risk analysis. JF - Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods AU - Sahu, S C AD - Division of In Vitro and Biochemical Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 111 EP - 119 VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 1537-6516, 1537-6516 KW - in vitro KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24250:Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18805404?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicology+Mechanisms+and+Methods&rft.atitle=Hepatocyte+Culture+as+an+In+Vitro+Model+for+Evaluating+the+Hepatotoxicity+of+Food-Borne+Toxicants+and+Microbial+Pathogens%3A+A+Review&rft.au=Sahu%2C+S+C&rft.aulast=Sahu&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=111&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicology+Mechanisms+and+Methods&rft.issn=15376516&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Federal government regulation of occupational skin exposure in the USA AN - 18803993; 5677965 AB - There are at least 14 federal regulations and three agencies that are involved in the regulation of occupational skin exposures in the USA. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires the reporting of health effects information on chemicals, and such information is used to assess the risks of human and environmental exposure. The health effects information and any resulting risk assessments are generally available to the public. A fair amount of this information relates to skin irritation, sensitization, and dermal absorption. The EPA can require the submission of new data necessary for it to carry out its risk assessments, and has the authority to ban hazardous chemicals for certain uses. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the correct labeling of cosmetics and requires safety and efficacy data on new products that are claimed to have preventive or health benefits. Commercial distribution of topical skin-care and protection products, therefore, can be potentially scrutinized by the FDA, which can control the use of hazardous chemicals in such products. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has the most direct contact with workplaces through its field inspection compliance activity, which is directed at the reduction of workplace injuries and illnesses. Our analysis suggests that although considerable amounts of health effects information is generated and available, such information may not always be adequately conveyed to the end users of chemical products. In addition, the most effective and practical means of preventing exposure is often not apparent or generally known. Current regulations may have created a reliance on use of chemical protective equipment that may not always be the best approach to protecting workers. Lack of performance criteria that are measurable has hampered industry from objectively assessing skin exposures. This lack of performance criteria or guidance has also hindered the implementation of prevention strategies and a critical assessment of their effectiveness. Better guidance from regulatory agencies directed at performance-based control of occupational skin hazards is presently needed. JF - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health AU - Boeniger, M F AU - Ahlers, H W AD - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Parkway, 45226, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, mfb1@cdc.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 387 EP - 399 PB - Springer-Verlag, [URL:http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00420/bibs/3076 005/30760387.htm] VL - 76 IS - 5 SN - 0340-0131, 0340-0131 KW - contact dermatitis KW - man KW - safety regulations KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - H 1000:Occupational Safety and Health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18803993?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=Federal+government+regulation+of+occupational+skin+exposure+in+the+USA&rft.au=Boeniger%2C+M+F%3BAhlers%2C+H+W&rft.aulast=Boeniger&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Archives+of+Occupational+and+Environmental+Health&rft.issn=03400131&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs00420-002-0425-2 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-002-0425-2 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Plasma Levels of Parent Compound and Metabolites after Doses of Either d-Fenfluramine or d-3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) that Produce Long-Term Serotonergic Alterations AN - 18773253; 5638421 AB - Plasma levels of parent compounds and metabolites were determined in adult rhesus monkeys after doses of either 5 mg/kg d-fenfluramine (FEN) or 10 mg/kg d-3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) i.m. twice daily for four consecutive days. These treatment regimens have been previously shown to produce long-term serotonin (5-HT) depletions. Peak plasma levels of 2.0+/-0.4 mu M FEN were reached within 40 min after the first dose of FEN, and then declined rapidly, while peak plasma levels (0.4+/-0.1 mu M) of the metabolite norfenfluramine (NFEN) were not reached until 6 h after dosing. After the seventh (next to last) dose of FEN, peak plasma levels of FEN were 35% greater than after the first dose while peak NFEN-levels were 500% greater. The t sub(1/2) for FEN was 2.6+/-0.3 h after the first dose and 3.2+/-0.2 h after the seventh. The estimated t sub(1/2) for NFEN was more than 37.6+/-20.5 h. Peak plasma levels of 9.5+/-2.5 mu M MDMA were reached within 20 min after the first dose of MDMA, and then declined rapidly, while peak plasma levels (0.9+/- 0.2 mu M) of the metabolite 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) were not reached until 3-6 h after dosing. After the seventh (next to last) dose of MDMA, peak plasma levels of MDMA were 30% greater than the first dose while peak MDA levels were elevated over 200%. The t sub(1/2) for MDMA was 2.8+/-0.4 h after the first and 3.9+/-1.1 h after the seventh dose. The estimated t sub(1/2) for MDA was about 8.3+/-1.0 h. Variability in plasma levels of MDMA and MDA between subjects was much greater than that for FEN and NFEN. This variability in MDMA and MDA exposure levels may have lead to variability in the subsequent disruption of some behaviors seen in these same subjects. There were 80% reductions in the plasma membrane-associated 5-HT transporters 6 months after either the FEN or MDMA dosing regimen indicating that both treatments produced long-term serotonergic effects. JF - Neurotoxicology AU - Bowyer, J F AU - Young, J F AU - Slikker, W Jr AU - Itzak, Y AU - Mayorga, A J AU - Newport, G D AU - Ali, S F AU - Frederick, D L AU - Paule, M G AD - Division of Neurotoxicology and Biometry and Risk Assessment, National Center for Toxicological Research/FDA, Jefferson, AR 72079-9502, USA, jbowyer@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 379 EP - 390 VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 0161-813X, 0161-813X KW - 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine KW - metabolites KW - monkeys KW - CSA Neurosciences Abstracts; Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24114:Metabolism KW - N3 11106:Neurobiology of drug abuse UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18773253?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurotoxicology&rft.atitle=Plasma+Levels+of+Parent+Compound+and+Metabolites+after+Doses+of+Either+d-Fenfluramine+or+d-3%2C4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine+%28MDMA%29+that+Produce+Long-Term+Serotonergic+Alterations&rft.au=Bowyer%2C+J+F%3BYoung%2C+J+F%3BSlikker%2C+W+Jr%3BItzak%2C+Y%3BMayorga%2C+A+J%3BNewport%2C+G+D%3BAli%2C+S+F%3BFrederick%2C+D+L%3BPaule%2C+M+G&rft.aulast=Bowyer&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=379&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Neurotoxicology&rft.issn=0161813X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0161-813X%2803%2900030-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0161-813X(03)00030-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Purification and Characterization of Enterotoxigenic el Tor-Like Hemolysin Produced by Vibrio fluvialis AN - 18773140; 5634501 AB - The halophilic bacterium Vibrio fluvialis is an enteric pathogen that produces an extracellular hemolysin. This hemolysin was purified to homogeneity by using sequential hydrophobic-interaction chromatography with phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B and gel filtration with Sephacryl S-200. It has a molecular weight of 63,000 and an isoelectric point of 4.6, and its hemolytic activity is sensitive to heat, proteases, and preincubation with zinc ions. The hemolysin lyses erythrocytes of the eight different animal species that we tested, is cytotoxic against Chinese hamster ovary cells in tissue culture, and elicits fluid accumulation in suckling mice. Lysis of erythrocytes occurs by a temperature- dependent binding step followed by a temperature- and pH-dependent lytic step. Fourteen of the first 20 N-terminal amino acid residues (Val-Ser-Gly-Gly-Glu- Ala-Asn-Thr-Leu-Pro-His-Val-Ala-Phe-Tyr-Ile-Asn-Val-Asn-Arg) are identical to those of the el Tor hemolysin of Vibrio cholerae and the heat-labile hemolysin of Vibrio mimicus. This homology was further confirmed by PCR analysis using a 5' primer derived from the amino-terminal sequence of the hemolysin and a 3' primer derived from the el Tor hemolysin structural gene. The hemolysin also reacts with antibodies to the el Tor-like hemolysin of non-O1 V. cholerae. JF - Infection and Immunity AU - Kothary, M H AU - Lowman, H AU - McCardell, BA AU - Tall, B D AD - Division of Virulence Assessment (HFS-025), Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Rd., Laurel, MD 20708, mkothary@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 3213 EP - 3220 VL - 71 IS - 6 SN - 0019-9567, 0019-9567 KW - Microbiology Abstracts B: Bacteriology KW - J 02822:Biosynthesis and physicochemical properties UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18773140?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologyb&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.atitle=Purification+and+Characterization+of+Enterotoxigenic+el+Tor-Like+Hemolysin+Produced+by+Vibrio+fluvialis&rft.au=Kothary%2C+M+H%3BLowman%2C+H%3BMcCardell%2C+BA%3BTall%2C+B+D&rft.aulast=Kothary&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=3213&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Infection+and+Immunity&rft.issn=00199567&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128%2FIAI.71.6.3213-3220.2003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/IAI.71.6.3213-3220.2003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of competitive exclusion products for use in poultry AN - 18767550; 5641434 AB - Phenotypic and genotypic bacteria identification methods were compared for their efficacy in determining the composition of competitive exclusion (CE) products. Phenotypic methods used for bacterial identification were fatty acid methyl ester profiles, biochemical assays and carbohydrate utilization profiles. Genotypic methods were MicroSeq16S rRNA sequence analysis and BLAST searches of the GenBank sequence database. Agreement between phenotypic and genotypic methods for identification of bacteria isolated from the Preempt CE product was 20%. A defined test mixture of bacteria was identified to the species level 100% by BLAST analysis, 64% by MicroSeq and 36% by phenotypic techniques. The wide range of facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria present in a CE product are more accurately identified with 16S rRNA sequence analyses than with phenotypic identification techniques. These results will provide guidelines for manufacturers of CE products to submit more reliable product information for market approval by regulatory agencies. JF - Journal of Applied Microbiology AU - Wagner, R AU - Paine, D AU - Cerniglia, C AD - Microbiology Division, FDA National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, USA, dwagner@nctr.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 1098 EP - 1107 PB - Blackwell Science Ltd VL - 94 IS - 6 SN - 1364-5072, 1364-5072 KW - Microbiology Abstracts A: Industrial & Applied Microbiology KW - A 01017:Human foods UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18767550?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Amicrobiologya&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Phenotypic+and+genotypic+characterization+of+competitive+exclusion+products+for+use+in+poultry&rft.au=Wagner%2C+R%3BPaine%2C+D%3BCerniglia%2C+C&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1098&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Applied+Microbiology&rft.issn=13645072&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2672.2003.01944.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01944.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of cell proliferation in ear and lymph node using BrdU immunohistochemistry for mouse ear swelling test AN - 18759301; 5631984 AB - The mouse ear swelling test (MEST) was developed as an alternative to guinea pig models for measuring the contact sensitization potential. However, the MEST relies on the quantitative measurement of ear swelling by micrometer as the means of determining the endpoint. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of using cell proliferation in the ear and lymph node by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry as a reliable marker for MEST. Female Balb/c mice were treated by the topical application of various sensitizers, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and alpha -hexylcinnamaldehyde (HCA) and an irritant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) following the protocol of MEST. The proliferation of cells in the ear and auricular lymph node was analyzed by BrdU incorporations into cells. There were significant increases in the cell proliferations of the ear and auricular lymph node in mice treated with DNCB and TDI compared to the vehicle control. All allergens and the irritant were correctly identified by the MEST using BrdU immunohistochemistry of lymph node responses. The standard MEST assay showed positive results in the case of the strong sensitizers, DNCB and TDI. However, HCA and SLS were not correctly identified in the ear swelling assay. These results suggest that the measurement of cell proliferation in the auricular lymph node using BrdU immunohistochemistry could provide a reliable marker for MEST. JF - Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Lee, J K AU - Park, J H AU - Kim, H S AU - Chung, ST AU - Eom, J H AU - Nam, K T AU - Oh, HY AD - Department of Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul 122-704, Republic of Korea, jkleest@kfda.go.kr Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 61 EP - 68 VL - 14 IS - 1-2 SN - 1382-6689, 1382-6689 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24221:Toxicity testing UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18759301?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+cell+proliferation+in+ear+and+lymph+node+using+BrdU+immunohistochemistry+for+mouse+ear+swelling+test&rft.au=Lee%2C+J+K%3BPark%2C+J+H%3BKim%2C+H+S%3BChung%2C+ST%3BEom%2C+J+H%3BNam%2C+K+T%3BOh%2C+HY&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1-2&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=13826689&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS1382-6689%2803%2900025-5 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1382-6689(03)00025-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Flaxseed increased alpha -linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acid and decreased arachidonic acid in serum and tissues of rat dams and offspring AN - 18744543; 5618382 AB - The effects of dietary flaxseed (FS), and defatted flaxseed meal (FLM) on serum and tissue fatty acid profiles were investigated. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed AIN-93 based diets balanced in calories, fat, nitrogen, and fiber. Diets contained 0, 20%, 40% FS or 13% or 26% FLM by weight. The control, FS and FLM diets differed in linoleic acid to alpha -linolenic acid (ALA) fatty acid ratio. These diets were fed continuously during gestation, suckling period and 8 weeks post-weaning (F sub(1)). FS fatty acids were bioavailable and metabolized by pregnant and F sub(1) rats. ALA and eicosapentaenoic acid increased; linoleic and arachidonic acid decreased; and docosahexaeonic acid was unchanged in serum, 'gastric milk' and liver of FS and FLM-fed pregnant and F sub(1) rats. FS more than FLM, changed fatty acids profiles, but FLM and 40% FS significantly reduced serum cholesterol. Dietary 40% FS may have increased oxidative stress as evidenced by a reduction in liver vitamin E. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Wiesenfeld, P W AU - Babu, U S AU - Collins, TFX AU - Sprando, R AU - O'Donnell, M W AU - Flynn, T J AU - Black, T AU - Olejnik, N AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, pwiesenf@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 841 EP - 855 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd. VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - alpha -Linolenic acid KW - arachidonic acid KW - eicosapentaenoic acid KW - flaxseed KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18744543?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Flaxseed+increased+alpha+-linolenic+and+eicosapentaenoic+acid+and+decreased+arachidonic+acid+in+serum+and+tissues+of+rat+dams+and+offspring&rft.au=Wiesenfeld%2C+P+W%3BBabu%2C+U+S%3BCollins%2C+TFX%3BSprando%2C+R%3BO%27Donnell%2C+M+W%3BFlynn%2C+T+J%3BBlack%2C+T%3BOlejnik%2C+N&rft.aulast=Wiesenfeld&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=841&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0278-6915%2803%2900035-8 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(03)00035-8 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of high flaxseed diet on mitogen-induced proliferation, IL-2 production, cell subsets and fatty acid composition of spleen cells from pregnant and F1 generation Sprague-Dawley rats AN - 18742697; 5618389 AB - Flaxseed (FS) being rich in alpha -linolenic acid may alter the immune parameters. Therefore, we assessed the impact of FS and defatted flaxseed meal (FLM) on fatty acid composition, cell subsets, proliferation and IL-2 production by splenic lymphocytes. Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 0% FS and FLM, 20 or 40% FS, 13 or 26% FLM during gestation or gestation, lactation and 8 week post-weaning period. FS and FLM resulted in up to 8.3 fold and 4.6 fold increase in splenic ALA among pregnant rats, 4.5 fold and 1.2 fold increase in splenic ALA among F sub(1) generation rats. Splenic linoleic acid (LA) and arachidonic acid (AA) were 18 and 40% lower in 40% FS fed pregnant rats, and AA was 15% lower in all the other groups. Among F sub(1) rats, splenic LA and AA were 16 and 48% lower in 40% FS group, and AA was 18% lower in 20% FS and 26% FLM groups. Concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin mediated proliferation of spleen cells were 60 and 52% lower in 40% FS fed pregnant and F sub(1) generation rats, respectively. No significant changes were observed in the cell subsets or IL-2 production by splenic cells from different groups. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Babu, U S AU - Wiesenfeld, P W AU - Collins, TFX AU - Sprando, R AU - Flynn, T J AU - Black, T AU - Olejnik, N AU - Raybourne, R B AD - US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, usb@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 905 EP - 915 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd. VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - arachidonic acid KW - flaxseed KW - linoleic acid KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24120:Food, additives & contaminants UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18742697?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Impact+of+high+flaxseed+diet+on+mitogen-induced+proliferation%2C+IL-2+production%2C+cell+subsets+and+fatty+acid+composition+of+spleen+cells+from+pregnant+and+F1+generation+Sprague-Dawley+rats&rft.au=Babu%2C+U+S%3BWiesenfeld%2C+P+W%3BCollins%2C+TFX%3BSprando%2C+R%3BFlynn%2C+T+J%3BBlack%2C+T%3BOlejnik%2C+N%3BRaybourne%2C+R+B&rft.aulast=Babu&rft.aufirst=U&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=905&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0278-6915%2803%2900043-7 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(03)00043-7 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - In vitro and in vivo percutaneous absorption of catechol AN - 18739567; 5618387 AB - The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel found insufficient data to conclude that catechol could be used safely in permanent hair dye products. Information was lacking on the extent of oxidation and skin absorption of remaining catechol. In vitro percutaneous absorption studies were conducted in human and rat skin using a consumer permanent hair dye spiked with 0.6% catechol. A 30-min application demonstrated 0.4% of the applied dose was absorbed through human skin and 0.2% through rat skin. The minimal absorption observed was due to the short exposure time and to partial oxidation of catechol by the dye developer. The fate of catechol remaining in rat skin after exposure in vitro and in vivo was investigated with additional absorption studies using catechol in ethanol. At 72 h, 24-h application of 4% catechol resulted in skin absorption of 81% of the applied dose in vitro and 53% in vivo. Skin levels measured at 24 h remained unchanged after 72 h. Therefore the skin reservoir did not contribute to the estimated systemic absorption. A deconvolution technique employed to predict skin absorption using plasma levels from intravenous and dermal administration overestimated in vivo skin absorption due to volatility of catechol in an ethanolic vehicle. JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology AU - Jung, C T AU - Wickett, R R AU - Desai, P B AU - Bronaugh, R L AD - U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Office of Cosmetics and Colors, Laurel, MD 20708, USA, cjung@cfsan.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/06// PY - 2003 DA - Jun 2003 SP - 885 EP - 895 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd. VL - 41 IS - 6 SN - 0278-6915, 0278-6915 KW - catechol KW - man KW - percutaneous absorption KW - rats KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - X 24140:Cosmetics, toiletries & household products UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18739567?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.atitle=In+vitro+and+in+vivo+percutaneous+absorption+of+catechol&rft.au=Jung%2C+C+T%3BWickett%2C+R+R%3BDesai%2C+P+B%3BBronaugh%2C+R+L&rft.aulast=Jung&rft.aufirst=C&rft.date=2003-06-01&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=885&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Food+and+Chemical+Toxicology&rft.issn=02786915&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0278-6915%2803%2900040-1 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(03)00040-1 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Opioid drugs in maintenance and detoxification treatment of opiate addiction; addition of buprenorphine and buprenorphine combination to list of approved opioid treatment medications. Interim final rule. AN - 73294395; 12762334 AB - This interim final rule amends the Federal opioid treatment program regulations by adding buprenorphine and buprenorphine combination products to the list of approved opioid treatment medications that may be used in federally certified and registered opioid treatment programs. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved Subutex[reg] (buprenorphine) and Suboxone[reg] (buprenorphine in fixed combination with naloxone) for the treatment of opiate dependence. These two products will join methadone and ORLAAM[reg] as medications that may be used in opioid treatment programs for the maintenance and detoxification treatment of opioid dependence. Opioid treatment programs that choose to use these new products in the treatment of opioid dependence will adhere to the same Federal treatment standards established for methadone and ORLAAM[reg]. The Secretary invites public comments on this action. JF - Federal register AU - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Department of Health and Human Services AD - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), Department of Health and Human Services Y1 - 2003/05/22/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 22 SP - 27937 EP - 27939 VL - 68 IS - 99 SN - 0097-6326, 0097-6326 KW - Naloxone KW - 36B82AMQ7N KW - Buprenorphine KW - 40D3SCR4GZ KW - Health technology assessment KW - United States KW - Drug Therapy, Combination KW - Humans KW - Naloxone -- therapeutic use KW - Drug Approval -- legislation & jurisprudence KW - Buprenorphine -- therapeutic use KW - Substance Withdrawal Syndrome -- drug therapy KW - Opioid-Related Disorders -- drug therapy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73294395?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+register&rft.atitle=Opioid+drugs+in+maintenance+and+detoxification+treatment+of+opiate+addiction%3B+addition+of+buprenorphine+and+buprenorphine+combination+to+list+of+approved+opioid+treatment+medications.+Interim+final+rule.&rft.au=Substance+Abuse+and+Mental+Health+Services+Administration+%28SAMHSA%29%2C+Department+of+Health+and+Human+Services&rft.aulast=Substance+Abuse+and+Mental+Health+Services+Administration+%28SAMHSA%29&rft.aufirst=Department+of+Health+and+Human&rft.date=2003-05-22&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=99&rft.spage=27937&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Federal+register&rft.issn=00976326&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-05-30 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-22 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Determination of albendazole and its major metabolites in the muscle tissues of Atlantic salmon, tilapia, and rainbow trout by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. AN - 73309809; 12744651 AB - A liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination of albendazole ([5-(propylthio)-1H-benzimidazol-2yl]carbamic acid methyl ester) and its major metabolites, albendazole sulfoxide, albendazole sulfone, and albendazole-2- aminosulfone in rainbow trout, tilapia, and salmon muscle with adhering skin tissue is described. The muscle tissue samples are made alkaline with potassium carbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extracts are further subjected to cleanup by utilizing a number of liquid-liquid extraction steps. After solvent evaporation, the residue is reconstituted in mobile phase and chromatographed. The chromatography is carried out on a reversed phase Luna C(18) column, using acetonitrile/methanol/buffer as a mobile phase and a fluorescence detector. The average recoveries from the fortified muscle tissue of the three fish species for albendazole (25-100 ppb), albendazole sulfoxide (15.5-62 ppb), albendazole sulfone (1-10 ppb), and albendazole-2- aminosulfone (10-100 ppb) were 94, 77, 82, and 67%, respectively. The average CV for each compound was < or =10%. The procedure was validated and then applied to the determination of albendazole and its three major metabolites in the muscle tissue of the three fish species obtained after orally dosing with albendazole. JF - Journal of agricultural and food chemistry AU - Shaikh, Badar AU - Rummel, Nathan AU - Reimschuessel, Renate AD - FDA/CVM Office of Research, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, Maryland 20708, USA. bshaikh@cvm.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05/21/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 21 SP - 3254 EP - 3259 VL - 51 IS - 11 SN - 0021-8561, 0021-8561 KW - Anthelmintics KW - 0 KW - Albendazole KW - F4216019LN KW - Index Medicus KW - Animals KW - Drug Residues -- analysis KW - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid -- methods KW - Muscles -- chemistry KW - Oncorhynchus mykiss KW - Anthelmintics -- analysis KW - Tilapia KW - Albendazole -- analysis KW - Salmo salar UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73309809?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.atitle=Determination+of+albendazole+and+its+major+metabolites+in+the+muscle+tissues+of+Atlantic+salmon%2C+tilapia%2C+and+rainbow+trout+by+high+performance+liquid+chromatography+with+fluorometric+detection.&rft.au=Shaikh%2C+Badar%3BRummel%2C+Nathan%3BReimschuessel%2C+Renate&rft.aulast=Shaikh&rft.aufirst=Badar&rft.date=2003-05-21&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=11&rft.spage=3254&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+agricultural+and+food+chemistry&rft.issn=00218561&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-07-17 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Case reports of heart failure after therapy with a tumor necrosis factor antagonist. AN - 73289110; 12755552 AB - Etanercept and infliximab are U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists. To describe adverse event reports of heart failure after TNF antagonist therapy. Case series. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's MedWatch program. 47 patients who developed new or worsening heart failure during TNF antagonist therapy. Clinical and laboratory reports. After TNF antagonist therapy, 38 patients developed new-onset heart failure and 9 patients experienced heart failure exacerbation. Of the 38 patients with new-onset heart failure, 19 (50%) had no identifiable risk factors. Ten patients younger than 50 years of age developed new-onset heart failure after receiving TNF antagonists. After TNF antagonist therapy was discontinued and heart failure therapy was started in these 10 patients, 3 had complete resolution of heart failure, 6 improved, and 1 died. In a fraction of patients, TNF antagonists might induce new-onset heart failure or exacerbate existing disease. JF - Annals of internal medicine AU - Kwon, Hyon J AU - Coté, Timothy R AU - Cuffe, Michael S AU - Kramer, Judith M AU - Braun, M Miles AD - Division of Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA. kwon@cber.fda.gov Y1 - 2003/05/20/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 20 SP - 807 EP - 811 VL - 138 IS - 10 KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal KW - 0 KW - Immunoglobulin G KW - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha KW - Infliximab KW - B72HH48FLU KW - Etanercept KW - OP401G7OJC KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Arthritis, Rheumatoid -- drug therapy KW - Age of Onset KW - Crohn Disease -- drug therapy KW - Humans KW - Aged KW - United States Food and Drug Administration KW - Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems KW - Aged, 80 and over KW - Risk Factors KW - Adult KW - Middle Aged KW - Female KW - Male KW - Immunoglobulin G -- adverse effects KW - Heart Failure -- chemically induced KW - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -- antagonists & inhibitors KW - Antibodies, Monoclonal -- adverse effects UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/73289110?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+internal+medicine&rft.atitle=Case+reports+of+heart+failure+after+therapy+with+a+tumor+necrosis+factor+antagonist.&rft.au=Kwon%2C+Hyon+J%3BCot%C3%A9%2C+Timothy+R%3BCuffe%2C+Michael+S%3BKramer%2C+Judith+M%3BBraun%2C+M+Miles&rft.aulast=Kwon&rft.aufirst=Hyon&rft.date=2003-05-20&rft.volume=138&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=807&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+internal+medicine&rft.issn=1539-3704&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2003-06-05 N1 - Date created - 2003-05-20 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - SuppNotes - Summary For Patients In: Ann Intern Med. 2003 May 20;138(10):I48 [12755581] N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Vibrio spp. risk assessments AN - 39754560; 3758211 AU - Miliotis, M Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39754560?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Vibrio+spp.+risk+assessments&rft.au=Miliotis%2C+M&rft.aulast=Miliotis&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Synthesis of oligonucleotide microarrays AN - 39696847; 3757712 AU - Beaucage, S Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39696847?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Synthesis+of+oligonucleotide+microarrays&rft.au=Beaucage%2C+S&rft.aulast=Beaucage&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - FDA's role in security screening systems: Radiation risks, privacy laws, & public concern AN - 39696600; 3754114 AU - Suleiman, O Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39696600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=FDA%27s+role+in+security+screening+systems%3A+Radiation+risks%2C+privacy+laws%2C+%26amp%3B+public+concern&rft.au=Suleiman%2C+O&rft.aulast=Suleiman&rft.aufirst=O&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evaluating genotoxic risk using tk knockout mouse model AN - 39696562; 3753918 AU - Dobrovolsky, V N Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39696562?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evaluating+genotoxic+risk+using+tk+knockout+mouse+model&rft.au=Dobrovolsky%2C+V+N&rft.aulast=Dobrovolsky&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - FDA perspective on regulation and validation of PATs AN - 39669045; 3754112 AU - Chiu, Y-Y Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39669045?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=FDA+perspective+on+regulation+and+validation+of+PATs&rft.au=Chiu%2C+Y-Y&rft.aulast=Chiu&rft.aufirst=Y-Y&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: InfoScience Service, Inc., 253 Commerce Dr. Suite 103, P.O. Box 7100, Grayslake, IL 60030, USA; phone: 847-548-1800; fax: 847-548-1811; email: infoscience@ais.net N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Analytical methods for detecting toxins in food and dietary supplements AN - 39659333; 3752007 AU - Musser, S Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39659333?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Analytical+methods+for+detecting+toxins+in+food+and+dietary+supplements&rft.au=Musser%2C+S&rft.aulast=Musser&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Cytokine receptors as targets of cancer therapy AN - 39647649; 3753128 AU - Puri, R K Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39647649?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Cytokine+receptors+as+targets+of+cancer+therapy&rft.au=Puri%2C+R+K&rft.aulast=Puri&rft.aufirst=R&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Importance of the NMDA receptor system to normal and abnormal development AN - 39644830; 3746955 AU - Slikker, W Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39644830?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Importance+of+the+NMDA+receptor+system+to+normal+and+abnormal+development&rft.au=Slikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: American Physiological Society, Education Office, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3991, USA; phone: (301) 634-7132; fax: (301) 634-7098; email: education@the-aps.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Serum proteomic pattern diagnostics using artificial intelligence based bioinformatics AN - 39639721; 3757315 AU - Petricoin, E Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39639721?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Serum+proteomic+pattern+diagnostics+using+artificial+intelligence+based+bioinformatics&rft.au=Petricoin%2C+E&rft.aulast=Petricoin&rft.aufirst=E&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Subpopulation based model for cryptosporidium outbreaks AN - 39637577; 3757635 AU - Turturro, A Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39637577?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Subpopulation+based+model+for+cryptosporidium+outbreaks&rft.au=Turturro%2C+A&rft.aulast=Turturro&rft.aufirst=A&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Host response to prosthetic heart valves: Preclinical testing AN - 39637529; 3754531 AU - Hilbert, S L Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39637529?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Host+response+to+prosthetic+heart+valves%3A+Preclinical+testing&rft.au=Hilbert%2C+S+L&rft.aulast=Hilbert&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Evolution of microbial pathogens AN - 39635471; 3753989 AU - Cebula, T Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39635471?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+microbial+pathogens&rft.au=Cebula%2C+T&rft.aulast=Cebula&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; 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phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Mechanisms of neurotoxicity, neuroimaging, neuropharmacology AN - 39589963; 3755527 AU - Slikker, W Y1 - 2003/05/19/ PY - 2003 DA - 2003 May 19 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 2000:Biology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39589963?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+neurotoxicity%2C+neuroimaging%2C+neuropharmacology&rft.au=Slikker%2C+W&rft.aulast=Slikker&rft.aufirst=W&rft.date=2003-05-19&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: California Separation Science Society, 156 South Spruce Avenue, Suite 214, South San Francisco, CA 94080-4556; 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phone: 650.876.0792; fax: 650.876.0793; email: cstewart@casss.org; URL: www.csss.org N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER -