TY - JOUR T1 - Integrated decision strategies for skin sensitization hazard. AN - 1804855247; 26851134 AB - One of the top priorities of the Interagency Coordinating Committee for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) is the identification and evaluation of non-animal alternatives for skin sensitization testing. Although skin sensitization is a complex process, the key biological events of the process have been well characterized in an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) proposed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Accordingly, ICCVAM is working to develop integrated decision strategies based on the AOP using in vitro, in chemico and in silico information. Data were compiled for 120 substances tested in the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA), direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA), human cell line activation test (h-CLAT) and KeratinoSens assay. Data for six physicochemical properties, which may affect skin penetration, were also collected, and skin sensitization read-across predictions were performed using OECD QSAR Toolbox. All data were combined into a variety of potential integrated decision strategies to predict LLNA outcomes using a training set of 94 substances and an external test set of 26 substances. Fifty-four models were built using multiple combinations of machine learning approaches and predictor variables. The seven models with the highest accuracy (89-96% for the test set and 96-99% for the training set) for predicting LLNA outcomes used a support vector machine (SVM) approach with different combinations of predictor variables. The performance statistics of the SVM models were higher than any of the non-animal tests alone and higher than simple test battery approaches using these methods. These data suggest that computational approaches are promising tools to effectively integrate data sources to identify potential skin sensitizers without animal testing. Published 2016. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. Published 2016. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. JF - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT AU - Strickland, Judy AU - Zang, Qingda AU - Kleinstreuer, Nicole AU - Paris, Michael AU - Lehmann, David M AU - Choksi, Neepa AU - Matheson, Joanna AU - Jacobs, Abigail AU - Lowit, Anna AU - Allen, David AU - Casey, Warren AD - ILS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA. ; EPA/NHEERL/EPHD/CIB, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA. ; U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA. ; FDA/CDER, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA. ; EPA/OCSPP/OPP/HED, Washington, District of Columbia, 20460, USA. ; NIH/NIEHS/DNTP/NICEATM, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA. Y1 - 2016/09// PY - 2016 DA - September 2016 SP - 1150 EP - 1162 VL - 36 IS - 9 KW - Index Medicus KW - support vector machine KW - skin sensitization KW - machine learning KW - LLNA KW - DPRA KW - h-CLAT KW - KeratinoSens KW - integrated decision strategy KW - allergic contact dermatitis UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1804855247?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.atitle=Integrated+decision+strategies+for+skin+sensitization+hazard.&rft.au=Strickland%2C+Judy%3BZang%2C+Qingda%3BKleinstreuer%2C+Nicole%3BParis%2C+Michael%3BLehmann%2C+David+M%3BChoksi%2C+Neepa%3BMatheson%2C+Joanna%3BJacobs%2C+Abigail%3BLowit%2C+Anna%3BAllen%2C+David%3BCasey%2C+Warren&rft.aulast=Strickland&rft.aufirst=Judy&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=1150&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+applied+toxicology+%3A+JAT&rft.issn=1099-1263&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fjat.3281 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-07-14 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-24 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-25 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.3281 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Adverse outcome pathways: From research to regulation scientific workshop report. AN - 1786126249; 26774756 AB - An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) helps to organize existing knowledge on chemical mode of action, starting with a molecular initiating event such as receptor binding, continuing through key events, and ending with an adverse outcome such as reproductive impairment. AOPs can help identify knowledge gaps where more research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms, aid in chemical hazard characterization, and guide the development of new testing approaches that use fewer or no animals. A September 2014 workshop in Bethesda, Maryland considered how the AOP concept could improve regulatory assessments of chemical toxicity. Scientists from 21 countries, representing industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and special interest groups, attended the workshop, titled Adverse Outcome Pathways: From Research to Regulation. Workshop plenary presentations were followed by breakout sessions that considered regulatory acceptance of AOPs and AOP-based tools, criteria for building confidence in an AOP for regulatory use, and requirements to build quantitative AOPs and AOP networks. Discussions during the closing session emphasized a need to increase transparent and inclusive collaboration, especially with disciplines outside of toxicology. Additionally, to increase impact, working groups should be established to systematically prioritize and develop AOPs. Multiple collaborative projects and follow-up activities resulted from the workshop. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. JF - Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP AU - Kleinstreuer, Nicole C AU - Sullivan, Kristie AU - Allen, David AU - Edwards, Stephen AU - Mendrick, Donna L AU - Embry, Michelle AU - Matheson, Joanna AU - Rowlands, J Craig AU - Munn, Sharon AU - Maull, Elizabeth AU - Casey, Warren AD - National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Electronic address: Nicole.kleinstreuer@nih.gov. ; Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC, USA. ; Integrated Laboratory Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. ; National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. ; National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA. ; ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, DC, USA. ; U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Rockville, MD, USA. ; The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA. ; Joint Research Centre, European Commission, Ispra, Italy. ; National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA. Y1 - 2016/04// PY - 2016 DA - April 2016 SP - 39 EP - 50 VL - 76 KW - Index Medicus KW - Quantitative KW - Acceptance KW - Computational KW - Application KW - AOP KW - Pathway KW - Criteria KW - Regulatory KW - Workshop KW - Toxicology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1786126249?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.atitle=Adverse+outcome+pathways%3A+From+research+to+regulation+scientific+workshop+report.&rft.au=Kleinstreuer%2C+Nicole+C%3BSullivan%2C+Kristie%3BAllen%2C+David%3BEdwards%2C+Stephen%3BMendrick%2C+Donna+L%3BEmbry%2C+Michelle%3BMatheson%2C+Joanna%3BRowlands%2C+J+Craig%3BMunn%2C+Sharon%3BMaull%2C+Elizabeth%3BCasey%2C+Warren&rft.aulast=Kleinstreuer&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=&rft.spage=39&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+toxicology+and+pharmacology+%3A+RTP&rft.issn=1096-0295&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.yrtph.2016.01.007 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date created - 2016-05-01 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.01.007 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A recycling pathway for cyanogenic glycosides evidenced by the comparative metabolic profiling in three cyanogenic plant species. AN - 1698962736; 26205491 AB - Cyanogenic glycosides are phytoanticipins involved in plant defence against herbivores by virtue of their ability to release toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) upon tissue disruption. In addition, endogenous turnover of cyanogenic glycosides without the liberation of HCN may offer plants an important source of reduced nitrogen at specific developmental stages. To investigate the presence of putative turnover products of cyanogenic glycosides, comparative metabolic profiling using LC-MS/MS and high resolution MS (HR-MS) complemented by ion-mobility MS was carried out in three cyanogenic plant species: cassava, almond and sorghum. In total, the endogenous formation of 36 different chemical structures related to the cyanogenic glucosides linamarin, lotaustralin, prunasin, amygdalin and dhurrin was discovered, including di- and tri-glycosides derived from these compounds. The relative abundance of the compounds was assessed in different tissues and developmental stages. Based on results common to the three phylogenetically unrelated species, a potential recycling endogenous turnover pathway for cyanogenic glycosides is described in which reduced nitrogen and carbon are recovered for primary metabolism without the liberation of free HCN. Glycosides of amides, carboxylic acids and 'anitriles' derived from cyanogenic glycosides appear as common intermediates in this pathway and may also have individual functions in the plant. The recycling of cyanogenic glycosides and the biological significance of the presence of the turnover products in cyanogenic plants open entirely new insights into the multiplicity of biological roles cyanogenic glycosides may play in plants. © 2015 Authors; published by Portland Press Limited. JF - The Biochemical journal AU - Pičmanová, Martina AU - Neilson, Elizabeth H AU - Motawia, Mohammed S AU - Olsen, Carl Erik AU - Agerbirk, Niels AU - Gray, Christopher J AU - Flitsch, Sabine AU - Meier, Sebastian AU - Silvestro, Daniele AU - Jørgensen, Kirsten AU - Sánchez-Pérez, Raquel AU - Møller, Birger Lindberg AU - Bjarnholt, Nanna AD - Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark. ; School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K. ; Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. ; Copenhagen Plant Science Center (CPSC), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark blm@plen.ku.dk. Y1 - 2015/08/01/ PY - 2015 DA - 2015 Aug 01 SP - 375 EP - 389 VL - 469 IS - 3 KW - Glycosides KW - 0 KW - cyanogenic glycosides KW - Hydrogen Cyanide KW - 2WTB3V159F KW - Index Medicus KW - sorghum KW - ion-mobility mass spectrometry KW - almond KW - cassava KW - endogenous turnover KW - Molecular Structure KW - Hydrogen Cyanide -- metabolism KW - Tandem Mass Spectrometry KW - Metabolomics KW - Sorghum -- metabolism KW - Sorghum -- chemistry KW - Manihot -- genetics KW - Glycosides -- metabolism KW - Glycosides -- chemistry KW - Prunus -- metabolism KW - Sorghum -- genetics KW - Manihot -- metabolism KW - Prunus -- genetics KW - Prunus -- chemistry KW - Manihot -- chemistry UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1698962736?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.atitle=A+recycling+pathway+for+cyanogenic+glycosides+evidenced+by+the+comparative+metabolic+profiling+in+three+cyanogenic+plant+species.&rft.au=Pi%C4%8Dmanov%C3%A1%2C+Martina%3BNeilson%2C+Elizabeth+H%3BMotawia%2C+Mohammed+S%3BOlsen%2C+Carl+Erik%3BAgerbirk%2C+Niels%3BGray%2C+Christopher+J%3BFlitsch%2C+Sabine%3BMeier%2C+Sebastian%3BSilvestro%2C+Daniele%3BJ%C3%B8rgensen%2C+Kirsten%3BS%C3%A1nchez-P%C3%A9rez%2C+Raquel%3BM%C3%B8ller%2C+Birger+Lindberg%3BBjarnholt%2C+Nanna&rft.aulast=Pi%C4%8Dmanov%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Martina&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft.volume=469&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=375&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Biochemical+journal&rft.issn=1470-8728&rft_id=info:doi/10.1042%2FBJ20150390 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2015-11-10 N1 - Date created - 2015-07-24 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-14 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-19 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BJ20150390 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with the hospital admission of consumer product-related injuries treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments AN - 1660413170; PQ0001011015 AB - While unintentional injuries and hazard patterns involving consumer products have been studied extensively in recent years, little attention has focused on the characteristics of those who are hospitalized after treatment in emergency departments, as opposed to those treated and released. This study quantifies the impact of the age and sex of the injury victims, and other factors, on the likelihood of hospitalization. The analysis focuses on consumer product injuries, and was based on approximately 400,000 injury cases reported through the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, a national probability sample of U.S. hospital emergency departments. Logistic regression was used to quantify the factors associated with the likelihood of hospitalization. The analysis suggests a smooth U-shaped relationship between the age of the victim and the likelihood of hospitalization, declining from about 3.4% for children under age 5 years to 1.9% for 15-24 year-olds, but then rising to more than 25% for those ages 75 years and older. The likelihood of hospitalization was also significantly affected by the victim's sex, as well as by the types of products involved, fire involvement, and the size and type of hospital at which the injury was treated. This study shows that the probability of hospitalization is strongly correlated with the characteristics of those who are injured, as well as other factors. JF - Accident Analysis & Prevention AU - Schroeder, Thomas J AU - Rodgers, Gregory B AD - Directorate for Epidemiology, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA Y1 - 2013/10// PY - 2013 DA - Oct 2013 SP - 566 EP - 573 PB - Elsevier B.V., P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom VL - 59 SN - 0001-4575, 0001-4575 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Consumer products KW - Injuries KW - Emergency department KW - Logistic regression KW - National Electronic Injury Surveillance System KW - Fires KW - Age KW - Prevention KW - Accidents KW - Safety KW - Children KW - Hospitals KW - Emergency medical services KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1660413170?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Accident+Analysis+%26+Prevention&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+the+hospital+admission+of+consumer+product-related+injuries+treated+in+U.S.+hospital+emergency+departments&rft.au=Schroeder%2C+Thomas+J%3BRodgers%2C+Gregory+B&rft.aulast=Schroeder&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=&rft.spage=566&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Accident+Analysis+%26+Prevention&rft.issn=00014575&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.aap.2013.07.013 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2015-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-04-16 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Accidents; Prevention; Age; Consumer products; Injuries; Safety; Children; Emergency medical services; Hospitals DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.07.013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fire Department Attended and Unattended Fires: Estimates from the 2004-2005 National Sample Survey and Comparison with Previous Surveys AN - 926889371; 16370762 AB - Previous national surveys in 1974 and 1984 have shown that although attended and unattended fires differed substantially in severity and fire losses, there were between 10 and 29 unwanted residential fires for every fire reported to, or attended by, U.S. fire departments. The study objective was to obtain new estimates of fires not attended by fire departments. Interest in unattended fires derives from the understanding that most fires begin small, then unless controlled, grow until fire department assistance is needed. To update these analyses, a national telephone survey was conducted during 2004 and 2005. The survey had 916 respondents who reported one or more residential fires during the previous 90-day period. The principal methodological issues in analyzing the survey data included: (1) determining the optimum recall period to balance sampling variance and bias, and (2) imputing incompletely specified fire dates. The resulting estimates were 7.2 million unattended residential fires per year, a 69% decrease from the 1984 survey estimate of 22.9 million fires. During the same time period, fire department attended residential fires decreased by 36%. The greater decrease in unattended fires is at variance with the conjecture in the 1984 survey that increasing availability of smoke alarms would result in more fires detected at an earlier stage when they could be controlled by residents; a conjecture that would predict a greater decrease in attended rather than unattended fires. JF - Fire Technology AU - Greene, Michael A AU - Andres, Craig D AD - U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4340 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA, michael.greene@comcast.net Y1 - 2012/04// PY - 2012 DA - Apr 2012 SP - 269 EP - 289 PB - Springer Science+Business Media, Van Godewijckstraat 30 Dordrecht 3311 GX Netherlands VL - 48 IS - 2 SN - 0015-2684, 0015-2684 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Fires KW - USA KW - Alarm systems KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/926889371?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Technology&rft.atitle=Fire+Department+Attended+and+Unattended+Fires%3A+Estimates+from+the+2004-2005+National+Sample+Survey+and+Comparison+with+Previous+Surveys&rft.au=Greene%2C+Michael+A%3BAndres%2C+Craig+D&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.date=2012-04-01&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+Technology&rft.issn=00152684&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10694-011-0215-z LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-03-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Fires; Alarm systems; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-011-0215-z ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Critical Evaluation of the Toxicity Data for Selected Phthalate Esters T2 - 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT 2011) AN - 1312997057; 6047004 JF - 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT 2011) AU - Carlson, K AU - Williams, D AU - Osterhout, C AU - Babich, M Y1 - 2011/03/06/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 06 KW - Toxicity KW - phthalates KW - Esters KW - Data processing KW - phthalate esters KW - Phthalate esters UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312997057?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=50th+Anniversary+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology+%28SOT+2011%29&rft.atitle=Critical+Evaluation+of+the+Toxicity+Data+for+Selected+Phthalate+Esters&rft.au=Carlson%2C+K%3BWilliams%2C+D%3BOsterhout%2C+C%3BBabich%2C+M&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=K&rft.date=2011-03-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=50th+Anniversary+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology+%28SOT+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.toxicology.org/AI/PUB/Toxicologist11.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Plasticizer Migration from Toys and Child Care Articles T2 - 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT 2011) AN - 1312968023; 6046681 JF - 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT 2011) AU - Dreyfus, M AU - Babich, M Y1 - 2011/03/06/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 06 KW - migration KW - Migration KW - Plasticizers UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312968023?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=50th+Anniversary+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology+%28SOT+2011%29&rft.atitle=Plasticizer+Migration+from+Toys+and+Child+Care+Articles&rft.au=Dreyfus%2C+M%3BBabich%2C+M&rft.aulast=Dreyfus&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-03-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=50th+Anniversary+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology+%28SOT+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.toxicology.org/AI/PUB/Toxicologist11.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Sulfur Emissions from Chinese Drywall in Chambers and Homes T2 - 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT 2011) AN - 1312941002; 6046652 JF - 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT 2011) AU - Matheson, J AU - Babich, M AU - Thomas, T AU - Hatlelid, K AU - Recht, J AU - Maddalena, R AU - Apte, M AU - McCarthy, J AU - Baker, B AU - Allen, J AU - MacIntosh, D AU - Saltzman, L Y1 - 2011/03/06/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 06 KW - Sulfur KW - Emissions UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312941002?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=50th+Anniversary+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology+%28SOT+2011%29&rft.atitle=Sulfur+Emissions+from+Chinese+Drywall+in+Chambers+and+Homes&rft.au=Matheson%2C+J%3BBabich%2C+M%3BThomas%2C+T%3BHatlelid%2C+K%3BRecht%2C+J%3BMaddalena%2C+R%3BApte%2C+M%3BMcCarthy%2C+J%3BBaker%2C+B%3BAllen%2C+J%3BMacIntosh%2C+D%3BSaltzman%2C+L&rft.aulast=Matheson&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2011-03-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=50th+Anniversary+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology+%28SOT+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.toxicology.org/AI/PUB/Toxicologist11.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Residential Exposure Modeling for Ozonegenerating Air Cleaners T2 - 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT 2011) AN - 1312902523; 6046682 JF - 50th Anniversary Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology (SOT 2011) AU - Babich, M AU - Carlson, K AU - Thomas, T Y1 - 2011/03/06/ PY - 2011 DA - 2011 Mar 06 KW - Emission control equipment KW - Pollutant removal KW - Air cleaners KW - Residential areas KW - Air purification KW - Ozonation KW - Air exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1312902523?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=50th+Anniversary+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology+%28SOT+2011%29&rft.atitle=Residential+Exposure+Modeling+for+Ozonegenerating+Air+Cleaners&rft.au=Babich%2C+M%3BCarlson%2C+K%3BThomas%2C+T&rft.aulast=Babich&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2011-03-06&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=50th+Anniversary+Annual+Meeting+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology+%28SOT+2011%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.toxicology.org/AI/PUB/Toxicologist11.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2013-02-26 N1 - Last updated - 2013-02-28 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - An evaluation of the impact of exemptions to the children's sleepwear flammability standards on burn injuries to children AN - 1017970710; 16698287 AB - In 1996, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) amended the children's sleepwear flammability standards to exempt sleepwear sized for infants aged nine months or younger and tight-fitting sleepwear for older children. The amendments were developed in response to an apparent preference for untreated cotton garments by many parents and difficulties in enforcing the pre-amendment standards. However, they were adopted only after CPSC concluded that they would provide consumers a wider selection of children's sleepwear without diminishing the protection provided by the pre-amendment standards. The amendments became effective in 1997, but remained controversial, with some interested parties believing that the exemptions would substantially reduce the level of safety for children. To address these concerns, and in cooperation with the American Burn Association and Shriners Hospitals for Children, the CPSC initiated a national study of child clothing-related burn injuries treated in burn center hospitals. From 2003 through 2005, the CPSC collected information on 475 such injuries. This study evaluates the burn center data to help determine the safety effects of the amendments to the sleepwear standards. The results provide no evidence of increased risk of burn injury associated with the exemptions from the sleepwear standards. JF - Fire and Materials AU - Adair, Patricia K AU - Rodgers, Gregory B Y1 - 2011/03// PY - 2011 DA - Mar 2011 SP - 71 EP - 81 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 United States VL - 35 IS - 2 SN - 1099-1018, 1099-1018 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Burns KW - Fires KW - USA KW - Cotton KW - Injuries KW - Consumer products KW - Flammability KW - Children KW - Hospitals KW - Infants KW - H 7000:Fire Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/1017970710?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+and+Materials&rft.atitle=An+evaluation+of+the+impact+of+exemptions+to+the+children%27s+sleepwear+flammability+standards+on+burn+injuries+to+children&rft.au=Adair%2C+Patricia+K%3BRodgers%2C+Gregory+B&rft.aulast=Adair&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.date=2011-03-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=71&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+and+Materials&rft.issn=10991018&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Ffam.1037 L2 - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/fam.1037/abstract LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2012-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-19 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Burns; Fires; Cotton; Consumer products; Injuries; Flammability; Children; Infants; Hospitals; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.1037 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Clothing-Related Burn Casualties: An Overlooked Problem? AN - 746007989; 12942029 AB - Between 1997 and 2006, more than 4,300 serious burn injuries per year in the United States were associated with clothing. Ages 5-14 had the highest average annual burn injury rate, and ages 25-64 had the lowest rate. There were 120 deaths per year in the United States associated with clothing burns between 1999 and 2004. The death rate for those over 65 was six times the national average. The General Wearing Apparel Standard has regulated the flammability of clothing worn in the United States since 1953. Nearly all of the clothing-related injuries and deaths have occurred in fires involving apparel that complied with this Standard. Despite the size of this problem, there is no organized national activity under way to begin to address these casualties. Experience with the Children's Sleepwear Flammability Standards, issued in the 1970s, suggests that safer garments can be manufactured that would prevent many clothing burn injuries and deaths. A more stringent up-to-date flammability standard, production of safer garments, use of warning labels, and educated consumers are needed. JF - Fire Technology AU - Hoebel, James F AU - Damant, Gordon H AU - Spivak, Steven M AU - Berlin, Geoffrey N AD - U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 13506 Star Flower Court, Chantilly, VA, 20151, USA, jfhoebel@verizon.net Y1 - 2010/07// PY - 2010 DA - Jul 2010 SP - 629 EP - 649 PB - Springer-Verlag, Tiergartenstrasse 17 Heidelberg 69121 Germany VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 0015-2684, 0015-2684 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/746007989?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fire+Technology&rft.atitle=Clothing-Related+Burn+Casualties%3A+An+Overlooked+Problem%3F&rft.au=Hoebel%2C+James+F%3BDamant%2C+Gordon+H%3BSpivak%2C+Steven+M%3BBerlin%2C+Geoffrey+N&rft.aulast=Hoebel&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2010-07-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=629&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Fire+Technology&rft.issn=00152684&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10694-009-0113-9 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-07-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-009-0113-9 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Accelerating Query-by-Humming on Gpu T2 - 10th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2009) AN - 42091150; 5525057 JF - 10th International Society for Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR 2009) AU - Ferraro, Pascal AU - Hanna, Pierre AU - Imbert, Laurent AU - Izard, Thomas Y1 - 2009/10/26/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Oct 26 KW - U 7000:Multidisciplinary UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/42091150?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=10th+International+Society+for+Music+Information+Retrieval+Conference+%28ISMIR+2009%29&rft.atitle=Accelerating+Query-by-Humming+on+Gpu&rft.au=Ferraro%2C+Pascal%3BHanna%2C+Pierre%3BImbert%2C+Laurent%3BIzard%2C+Thomas&rft.aulast=Ferraro&rft.aufirst=Pascal&rft.date=2009-10-26&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=10th+International+Society+for+Music+Information+Retrieval+Conference+%28ISMIR+2009%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://ismir2009.ismir.net/program.html LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2010-04-06 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Moving toward exposure and risk evaluation of nanomaterials: challenges and future directions AN - 869585063; 14821107 AB - Nanotechnology, the commercial development of engineered nanomaterials, promises breakthrough innovations by enhancing the performance of existing consumer products and enabling development of new devices, architectures, and applications. Although these materials and applications are being developed at an explosive pace, a fundamental understanding of any potential human health and environmental risks resulting from exposure throughout the lifecycle of these materials has not advanced as rapidly. Past experience has demonstrated that successful introduction of a new technology occurs more readily if it is precipitated by a robust appreciation for any inherent risks associated with the technology. Such understanding allows the timely development of occupational and consumer exposure standards that might be needed to protect human health and the environment. Although risk is recognized as the product of hazard and exposure, too often exposure patterns are poorly characterized, and risk is based primarily or exclusively on the hazard characterization. The extent of exposure to nanomaterials in currently available commercial products is relatively unknown. Given the number of commercial products that claim to contain engineered nanomaterials, it is possible that human and environmental exposure to these materials is widespread. This paper is intended to highlight the importance of exposure assessment for determining the potential risks of nanomaterials. In essence, this is a call to action to the community of exposure scientists, toxicologists, and risk assessors to develop, consider, and incorporate requisite exposure information in the risk assessment of nanomaterials. Without an integrated approach, it will be difficult to meaningfully assess the risks of nanomaterials, realize their potential benefits, and foster their sustainable development. JF - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology AU - Thomas, Treye AU - Bahadori, Tina AU - Savage, Nora AU - Thomas, Karluss AD - U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, MD, USA, tthomas@cpsc.gov Y1 - 2009/07/01/ PY - 2009 DA - 2009 Jul 01 SP - 426 EP - 433 PB - John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Baffins Lane Chichester W. Sussex PO19 1UD UK VL - 1 IS - 4 SN - 1939-0041, 1939-0041 KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Vocalization behavior KW - Sustainable development KW - Consumers KW - Explosives KW - Occupational exposure KW - nanotechnology KW - W 30910:Imaging KW - X 24350:Industrial Chemicals UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/869585063?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wiley+Interdisciplinary+Reviews%3A+Nanomedicine+and+Nanobiotechnology&rft.atitle=Moving+toward+exposure+and+risk+evaluation+of+nanomaterials%3A+challenges+and+future+directions&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Treye%3BBahadori%2C+Tina%3BSavage%2C+Nora%3BThomas%2C+Karluss&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Treye&rft.date=2009-07-01&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=426&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Wiley+Interdisciplinary+Reviews%3A+Nanomedicine+and+Nanobiotechnology&rft.issn=19390041&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002%2Fwnan.34 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-03-17 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Risk assessment; Vocalization behavior; Sustainable development; Consumers; Explosives; Occupational exposure; nanotechnology DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wnan.34 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Exemptions to the Children's Sleepwear Flammability Standards: A Description of Policy Considerations and an Evaluation of the Effects on Burn Injuries to Children AN - 20512531; 9204070 AB - In 1996, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) amended the children's sleepwear flammability standards to exempt sleepwear sized for infants aged 9 months or younger and tight-fitting sleepwear for older children. These amendments were adopted after CPSC concluded that they would provide consumers a wider selection of children's sleepwear without diminishing the protection provided by the standards. They were also issued in response to an apparent preference for untreated cotton garments by many parents and difficulties in enforcing the pre-amendment standards. Nevertheless, the amendments were controversial. Some interested parties opposed them because they believed the exemptions would substantially reduce the level of safety for children. The amendments were also subjected to congressional scrutiny; in 1999, after they had gone into effect, Congress required that the Commission consider revoking them. To address these concerns, in cooperation with the American Burn Association and Shriners Hospitals for Children, the CPSC initiated a national study of child clothing-related burn injuries treated in burn center hospitals. From 2003 through 2005, the CPSC collected information on 475 such injuries. This study evaluates the burn center data to help determine the safety effects of the amendments to the sleepwear standards. The results provide no evidence of increased risk of burn injury associated with the exemptions from the sleepwear standards. JF - Journal of Consumer Policy AU - Rodgers, Gregory B AU - Adair, Patricia K AD - Directorate for Economic Analysis, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA, grodgers@cpsc.gov Y1 - 2009/03// PY - 2009 DA - Mar 2009 SP - 59 EP - 71 PB - Springer-Verlag (Heidelberg), Tiergartenstrasse 17 VL - 32 IS - 1 SN - 0168-7034, 0168-7034 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Burns KW - Cotton KW - Injuries KW - Consumer products KW - Congress KW - Children KW - commissions KW - USA KW - Commissions KW - Flammability KW - Hospitals KW - Infants KW - H 9000:Consumer and Recreation Safety KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20512531?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Consumer+Policy&rft.atitle=Exemptions+to+the+Children%27s+Sleepwear+Flammability+Standards%3A+A+Description+of+Policy+Considerations+and+an+Evaluation+of+the+Effects+on+Burn+Injuries+to+Children&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+Gregory+B%3BAdair%2C+Patricia+K&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=59&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Consumer+Policy&rft.issn=01687034&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10603-009-9092-y LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-30 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Burns; commissions; Cotton; Consumer products; Injuries; Congress; Commissions; Flammability; Children; Infants; Hospitals; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10603-009-9092-y ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with the all-terrain vehicle mortality rate in the United States: An analysis of state-level data AN - 19525580; 8104479 AB - The purpose of this article is to determine and quantify the factors associated with the all-terrain vehicle (ATV) mortality rate in the United States, based on an analysis of state-level data. From 1990 through 1999, there were about 2400 reported deaths in the U.S. involving ATVs. The population-based mortality rate during this time period amounted to about 0.84 deaths per million persons per year, but varied considerably among the 50 states-ranging from a low of 0.09 deaths per million person-years in Rhode Island to a high of 6.33 deaths per million person-years in West Virginia. This variation provides an opportunity for quantifying some of the key factors associated with the ATV mortality risk. The analysis was conducted in a two-stage regression process, with the state mortality rates estimated in the second stage with a negative binomial regression model. The results indicate that the ATV mortality rate was systematically related to ATV usage rates (a measure of risk exposure) and a number of the characteristics of the potential rider pool. These included: the proportion of the state populations that was male, young, lived in rural areas, was college educated, and non-Hispanic white. JF - Accident Analysis & Prevention AU - Rodgers, G B AD - U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, grodgers@cpsc.gov Y1 - 2008/03// PY - 2008 DA - Mar 2008 SP - 725 EP - 732 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0001-4575, 0001-4575 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - USA, West Virginia KW - Accidents KW - all-terrain vehicles KW - prevention KW - Rural areas KW - R2 23020:Technological risks KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19525580?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Accident+Analysis+%26+Prevention&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+the+all-terrain+vehicle+mortality+rate+in+the+United+States%3A+An+analysis+of+state-level+data&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2008-03-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=725&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Accident+Analysis+%26+Prevention&rft.issn=00014575&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.aap.2007.09.021 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA, West Virginia; Mortality; all-terrain vehicles; Rural areas; Accidents; prevention DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.09.021 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A retrospective benefit-cost analysis of the 1997 stair-fall requirements for baby walkers AN - 20662374; 8097904 AB - Based on estimates from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), there were about 25,000 baby walker-related injuries treated annually in U.S. hospital emergency departments during the early 1990s. This amounted to about 8 injuries for every 1000 baby walkers in use. Most injuries resulted from falls down stairs. After CPSC initiated a regulatory proceeding in 1994, the CPSC staff worked with industry to address the stair-fall hazard. This cooperative effort resulted in requirements designed to prevent stair-fall injuries that became effective in 1997 as part of a revised voluntary safety standard. This study presents a retrospective benefit-cost analysis of the 1997 stair-fall requirements. The benefits were defined as the reduction in the costs of injuries resulting from the use of the safer walkers. The costs were defined as the additional resource costs associated with making baby walkers safer. The study found that the stair-fall requirements were highly effective in reducing the risk of stair-fall injury, and that the benefits of the requirements substantially exceeded the costs. The expected net benefits (i.e., benefits minus costs) amounted to an average of about $169 per walker, over the walker's expected product life. Given current U.S. sales of about 600,000 baby walkers annually, the present value of the expected net benefits associated with 1 year's production amounts to over $100 million annually. A sensitivity analysis showed that the major findings were robust with respect to variations in underlying assumptions. JF - Accident Analysis & Prevention AU - Rodgers, G B AU - Leland, E W AD - U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States, grodgers@cpsc.gov Y1 - 2008/01// PY - 2008 DA - Jan 2008 SP - 61 EP - 68 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0001-4575, 0001-4575 KW - baby walkers KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Consumer products KW - Injuries KW - Cost-benefit analysis KW - commissions KW - risk reduction KW - Accidents KW - sensitivity analysis KW - prevention KW - cooperatives KW - USA KW - Hospitals KW - H 9000:Consumer and Recreation Safety KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20662374?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Accident+Analysis+%26+Prevention&rft.atitle=A+retrospective+benefit-cost+analysis+of+the+1997+stair-fall+requirements+for+baby+walkers&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+G+B%3BLeland%2C+E+W&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=61&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Accident+Analysis+%26+Prevention&rft.issn=00014575&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.aap.2007.04.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Injuries; Cost-benefit analysis; Hospitals; sensitivity analysis; Consumer products; cooperatives; risk reduction; Accidents; prevention; commissions DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.04.003 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Nanotechnology and the Role of Animal Alternatives T2 - 6th World Congress on Alternatives Animal Use in the Life Sciences (WC6) AN - 39605175; 4721601 JF - 6th World Congress on Alternatives Animal Use in the Life Sciences (WC6) AU - Wind, Marilyn L Y1 - 2007/08/21/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Aug 21 KW - Nanotechnology KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39605175?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=6th+World+Congress+on+Alternatives+Animal+Use+in+the+Life+Sciences+%28WC6%29&rft.atitle=Nanotechnology+and+the+Role+of+Animal+Alternatives&rft.au=Wind%2C+Marilyn+L&rft.aulast=Wind&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft.date=2007-08-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=6th+World+Congress+on+Alternatives+Animal+Use+in+the+Life+Sciences+%28WC6%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ech.co.jp/wc6/pdf/wc6_session.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-12-18 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The ICCVAM Process for Validation and Evaluation of New and Alternative Methods T2 - 6th World Congress on Alternatives Animal Use in the Life Sciences (WC6) AN - 39543408; 4721504 DE: JF - 6th World Congress on Alternatives Animal Use in the Life Sciences (WC6) AU - Wind, Marilyn Y1 - 2007/08/21/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Aug 21 KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39543408?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=6th+World+Congress+on+Alternatives+Animal+Use+in+the+Life+Sciences+%28WC6%29&rft.atitle=The+ICCVAM+Process+for+Validation+and+Evaluation+of+New+and+Alternative+Methods&rft.au=Wind%2C+Marilyn&rft.aulast=Wind&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft.date=2007-08-21&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=6th+World+Congress+on+Alternatives+Animal+Use+in+the+Life+Sciences+%28WC6%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.ech.co.jp/wc6/pdf/wc6_session.pdf LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2007-12-18 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - The Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) Recommendations for the use of In Vitro Cytotoxicity Test Methods to Reduce Animal use for Acute Oral Toxicity Testing T2 - 46th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo of the Society of Toxicology (SOT 2007) AN - 40556015; 4535952 JF - 46th Annual Meeting and ToxExpo of the Society of Toxicology (SOT 2007) AU - Wind, M AU - Schechtman, L AU - Rispin, A AU - Tice, R AU - Stokes, W Y1 - 2007/03/25/ PY - 2007 DA - 2007 Mar 25 KW - Committees KW - Cytotoxicity KW - Toxicity testing KW - Bioaccumulation KW - Pollution indicators KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40556015?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=46th+Annual+Meeting+and+ToxExpo+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology+%28SOT+2007%29&rft.atitle=The+Interagency+Coordinating+Committee+on+the+Validation+of+Alternative+Methods+%28ICCVAM%29+Recommendations+for+the+use+of+In+Vitro+Cytotoxicity+Test+Methods+to+Reduce+Animal+use+for+Acute+Oral+Toxicity+Testing&rft.au=Wind%2C+M%3BSchechtman%2C+L%3BRispin%2C+A%3BTice%2C+R%3BStokes%2C+W&rft.aulast=Wind&rft.aufirst=M&rft.date=2007-03-25&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=46th+Annual+Meeting+and+ToxExpo+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology+%28SOT+2007%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.toxicology.org/ai/meet/am2007/it_planner.asp LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-27 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Assessing regulatory effectiveness with exogenously declining risk: A case study of the CPSC's 1973 mattress standard AN - 19578615; 8549603 AB - Introduction This paper examines the contribution of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission's (CPSC) 1973 cigarette ignition mattress flammability standard to reduce mattress fires since 1980, when the U.S. Fire Administration's National Fire Incident Reporting System became fully operational. Method The paper attempts to separate the effect of the cigarette ignition standard from the declining trend in mattress fires that would have resulted without the standard. We analyze the impact of the 1973 cigarette standard on smoking material ignition fires, deaths, and injuries as well as its effect on fires, deaths, and injuries from all ignition sources (smoking material ignitions, open-flame ignitions, and other ignition sources). Impacts on Industry: The results suggest that the 1973 mattress standard has effectively reduced the mattress fire risk and that further reductions in risk via actions tied specifically to cigarette ignition are likely to be difficult to achieve. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Tohamy, Soumaya M AU - Aiken, Deborah Vaughn AD - Directorate for Economic Analysis, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, daiken@cpsc.gov Y1 - 2007 PY - 2007 DA - 2007 SP - 661 EP - 668 PB - Elsevier Science, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 38 IS - 6 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Materials testing KW - Consumer products KW - Injuries KW - Mortality KW - Fires KW - case studies KW - USA KW - Flammability KW - H 7000:Fire Safety KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19578615?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Assessing+regulatory+effectiveness+with+exogenously+declining+risk%3A+A+case+study+of+the+CPSC%27s+1973+mattress+standard&rft.au=Tohamy%2C+Soumaya+M%3BAiken%2C+Deborah+Vaughn&rft.aulast=Tohamy&rft.aufirst=Soumaya&rft.date=2007-01-01&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=661&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2007.09.003 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - USA; Fires; Mortality; Injuries; case studies; Flammability; Materials testing; Consumer products DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2007.09.003 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Application of the distance function to nonmarket valuation of environmental goods and services: An illustrative example AN - 19348821; 7088427 AB - This paper develops and implements a unique formulation of a household production model in that technology is characterized as a distance function. The properties of the distance function allow for the derivation of shadow prices for the inputs and outputs associated with household production, which can be applied to the problem of valuing nonmarket goods or activities. The approach requires only one input to or output of household production to bear a price. The derivation of shadow prices for all other household inputs/outputs follows from the properties of the distance function. I demonstrate the approach using data on the waste management activities of a sample of households from Marietta, Georgia, and by calculating shadow prices for the nonmarket activity of recycling. JF - Ecological Economics AU - Aiken, Deborah Vaughn AD - Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Suite 723, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States, daiken@cpsc.gov Y1 - 2006/11// PY - 2006 DA - Nov 2006 SP - 168 EP - 175 PB - Elsevier Science B.V., P.O. Box 211 Amsterdam 1000 AE Netherlands, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl/] VL - 60 IS - 1 SN - 0921-8009, 0921-8009 KW - Ecology Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - Solid waste KW - Household production KW - Stochastic frontier KW - Data processing KW - Wastes KW - USA, Georgia KW - Recycling KW - Waste management KW - Models KW - households KW - Economics KW - Domestic wastes KW - Technology KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - D 04040:Ecosystem and Ecology Studies KW - P 4000:WASTE MANAGEMENT UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/19348821?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aecology&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecological+Economics&rft.atitle=Application+of+the+distance+function+to+nonmarket+valuation+of+environmental+goods+and+services%3A+An+illustrative+example&rft.au=Aiken%2C+Deborah+Vaughn&rft.aulast=Aiken&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft.date=2006-11-01&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=168&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Ecological+Economics&rft.issn=09218009&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ecolecon.2005.11.024 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-12-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Data processing; Economics; Wastes; Recycling; Models; households; Technology; Waste management; Domestic wastes; USA, Georgia DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.11.024 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Revisiting unfairness in Web server scheduling. AN - 57664640; 444078 AB - This paper uses trace-driven simulation to study the unfairness properties of Web server scheduling strategies, such as Processor Sharing (PS) and Shortest Remaining Processing Time (SRPT). We use a general-purpose probe-based sampling approach to estimate the mean and variance of the job response time for different job sizes, for arbitrary arrival processes and service time distributions. The results illustrate two different aspects of unfairness called endogenous unfairness and exogenous unfairness. We quantify each, focusing on the mean and variance of slowdown conditioned on job size, for a range of system loads. Our work confirms recent theoretical results regarding the asymptotic convergence of scheduling policies with respect to slowdown, and illustrates typical performance results for a practical range of job sizes in an empirical workload. Finally, we show the sensitivities of SRPT and PS scheduling to selected characteristics of the arrival process and job size distribution. (Author abstract) JF - Computer Networks AU - Gong, Mingwei AU - Williamson, Carey AD - Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4 carey@cpsc.ucalgary.ca Y1 - 2006/09// PY - 2006 DA - September 2006 SP - 2183 EP - 2203 PB - Elsevier BV VL - 50 IS - 13 SN - 1389-1286, 1389-1286 KW - Evaluation KW - Scheduling KW - Servers KW - World Wide Web KW - Performance measures KW - 14.11: NETWORKS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57664640?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Alisa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Networks&rft.atitle=Revisiting+unfairness+in+Web+server+scheduling.&rft.au=Gong%2C+Mingwei%3BWilliamson%2C+Carey&rft.aulast=Gong&rft.aufirst=Mingwei&rft.date=2006-09-01&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=13&rft.spage=2183&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computer+Networks&rft.issn=13891286&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.comnet.2005.08.005 LA - English DB - Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) N1 - Date revised - 2006-09-26 N1 - Document feature - refs. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - World Wide Web; Servers; Scheduling; Evaluation; Performance measures DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2005.08.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A framework for asynchronous change awareness in collaborative documents and workspaces. AN - 57632846; 418800 AB - Change awareness is the ability of individuals to track the asynchronous changes made to a collaborative document or graphical workspace by other participants over time. We develop a framework that articulates what change awareness information is critical if people are to track and maintain change awareness. Information elements include: knowing who changed the artifact, what those changes involve, where changes occur, when changes were made, how things have changed and why people made the changes. The framework accounts for people's need to view these changes from different perspectives: an artifact-based view, a person-based view and a workspace-based view. Each information element is further broken down into distinguishing features and matched against these perspectives, e.g., location history within the where category prompts the questions "where was this artifact when I left" in the artifact-based view, "where in the workspace has a person visited" in the person-based view and "where have people been in the workspace" in the workspace-based view. The framework can be used both to inform and critique change awareness tools. (Author abstract) JF - International Journal of Human-Computer Studies AU - Tam, James AU - Greenberg, Saul AD - Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 tamj@cpsc.ucalgary.ca Y1 - 2006/07// PY - 2006 DA - July 2006 SP - 583 EP - 598 PB - Elsevier Ltd (NL) VL - 64 IS - 7 SN - 1071-5819, 1071-5819 KW - User interface KW - Computers KW - Human-computer interaction KW - 14.13: COMPUTERS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57632846?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Alisa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Human-Computer+Studies&rft.atitle=A+framework+for+asynchronous+change+awareness+in+collaborative+documents+and+workspaces.&rft.au=Tam%2C+James%3BGreenberg%2C+Saul&rft.aulast=Tam&rft.aufirst=James&rft.date=2006-07-01&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=583&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Human-Computer+Studies&rft.issn=10715819&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ijhcs.2006.02.004 LA - English DB - Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) N1 - Date revised - 2006-07-20 N1 - Document feature - il. tbls. refs. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computers; User interface; Human-computer interaction DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.02.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Research strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, part VII: evaluating consumer exposure to nanoscale materials. AN - 67851225; 16476686 AB - Considerable media attention has recently been given to novel applications for products that contain nanoscale materials. These products could have utility in several industries that market consumer products, including textiles, sporting equipment, cosmetics, consumer electronics, and household cleaners. Some of the purported benefits of these products include improved performance, convenience, lower cost, as well as other desirable features, when compared to the conventional products that do not contain nanoscale materials. Although there are numerous likely consumer advantages from products containing nanoscale materials, there is very little information available regarding consumer exposure to the nanoscale materials in these products or any associated risks from these exposures. This paper seeks to review a limited subset of products that contain nanoscale materials, assess the available data for evaluating the consumer exposures and potential hazards associated with these products, and discuss the capacity of U.S. regulatory agencies to address the potential risks associated with these products. JF - Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology AU - Thomas, Treye AU - Thomas, Karluss AU - Sadrieh, Nakissa AU - Savage, Nora AU - Adair, Patricia AU - Bronaugh, Robert AD - U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA. tthomas@cpsc.gov Y1 - 2006/05// PY - 2006 DA - May 2006 SP - 14 EP - 19 VL - 91 IS - 1 SN - 1096-6080, 1096-6080 KW - Cosmetics KW - 0 KW - Sunscreening Agents KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Textiles KW - Humans KW - Government Agencies KW - Sports Equipment KW - Nanotechnology KW - Safety KW - Environmental Exposure UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/67851225?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.atitle=Research+strategies+for+safety+evaluation+of+nanomaterials%2C+part+VII%3A+evaluating+consumer+exposure+to+nanoscale+materials.&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Treye%3BThomas%2C+Karluss%3BSadrieh%2C+Nakissa%3BSavage%2C+Nora%3BAdair%2C+Patricia%3BBronaugh%2C+Robert&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Treye&rft.date=2006-05-01&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=14&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Toxicological+sciences+%3A+an+official+journal+of+the+Society+of+Toxicology&rft.issn=10966080&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2006-06-21 N1 - Date created - 2006-04-10 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A NEW THEORY OF THE BUDGETARY PROCESS AN - 59740384; 200703439 AB - This paper offers an alternative to the view that budgetary decisions are incremental because they are complex, extensive, and conflicted. Our model interprets incrementalism as the result of a legislative political strategy in response to interest group politics and economic conditions. Accordingly, a legislator chooses between single-period budgeting or multiperiod budgeting, where single-period budgeting is associated with a greater chance of non-incremental budgeting outcomes. We use a statistical procedure developed by Dezhbakhsh et al. (2003) for identifying non-incremental outcomes to test the implications of the model. Results support the model's predictions: a higher discount rate and a persistently large deficit appear to cause departures from incremental budgeting; Democrats' control over the political process have a similar effect, while a higher inflation rate has an opposite effect. Tables, 2, References. Adapted from the source document. JF - Economics & Politics AU - Tohamy, Soumaya M AU - Dezhbakhsh, Hashem AU - Aranson, Peter H AD - US Consumer Product Safety Commission University of London, London, WC1H 0XG ( email: stohamy@cpsc.gov Y1 - 2006/03// PY - 2006 DA - March 2006 SP - 47 EP - 70 PB - Blackwell Publishing, Oxford UK VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0954-1985, 0954-1985 KW - Prediction KW - Public Debt KW - Economic Conditions KW - Legislators KW - Inflation KW - Interest Groups KW - article KW - 9141: political economy; political economy UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/59740384?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Awpsa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economics+%26+Politics&rft.atitle=A+NEW+THEORY+OF+THE+BUDGETARY+PROCESS&rft.au=Tohamy%2C+Soumaya+M%3BDezhbakhsh%2C+Hashem%3BAranson%2C+Peter+H&rft.aulast=Tohamy&rft.aufirst=Soumaya&rft.date=2006-03-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=47&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Economics+%26+Politics&rft.issn=09541985&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1468-0343.2006.00162.x LA - English DB - Worldwide Political Science Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Prediction; Economic Conditions; Interest Groups; Inflation; Legislators; Public Debt DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2006.00162.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Pesticide Measurements from the First National Environmental Health Survey of Child Care Centers Using a Multi-Residue GC/MS Analysis Method AN - 20551694; 7987153 AB - The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, in collaboration with the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, characterized the environments of young children (67% of the centers. Associations exist between residues measured on the floor and other surfaces for several pesticides (p-values range from <0.0001 to 0.002), but to a lesser degree between floor and soil and other surfaces and soil. Regional analyses indicate no differences in mean level of pesticide loading between the four Census regions (0.08 < p < 0.88). Results show that there is the potential for exposure to pesticides in child care centers. JF - Environmental Science & Technology AU - Tulve, Nicolle S AU - Jones, Paul A AU - Nishioka, Marcia G AU - Fortmann, Roy C AU - Croghan, Carry W AU - Zhou, Joey Y AU - Fraser, Alexa AU - Cave, Carol AU - Friedman, Warren AD - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, MD-E20504, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43201, U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine, Environmental Medicine Program, Attn: MCHB-TS-EMP, Bldg E-1570 Stark Road, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland 20101-5403, Westat, Inc., 1650 Research Boulevard, Rockville, Maryland 20850, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, Office of Healthy Homes and Lead Hazard Control, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 451 7th Street, SW, Washington, DC 20410 Y1 - 2006 PY - 2006 DA - 2006 SP - 6269 EP - 6274 PB - American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St., NW Washington DC 20036 USA VL - 40 IS - 20 SN - 0013-936X, 0013-936X KW - Pollution Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Sustainability Science Abstracts KW - census KW - Consumer products KW - Housing KW - Organophosphates KW - Environmental health KW - Children KW - Lead KW - Urban planning KW - Chlorpyrifos KW - Soil KW - EPA KW - commissions KW - USA KW - Allergens KW - daycare KW - Pesticides KW - Regional planning KW - Pyrethroids KW - Diazinon KW - technicians KW - M3 1010:Issues in Sustainable Development KW - H 12000:Epidemiology and Public Health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20551694?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Assamodule&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.atitle=Pesticide+Measurements+from+the+First+National+Environmental+Health+Survey+of+Child+Care+Centers+Using+a+Multi-Residue+GC%2FMS+Analysis+Method&rft.au=Tulve%2C+Nicolle+S%3BJones%2C+Paul+A%3BNishioka%2C+Marcia+G%3BFortmann%2C+Roy+C%3BCroghan%2C+Carry+W%3BZhou%2C+Joey+Y%3BFraser%2C+Alexa%3BCave%2C+Carol%3BFriedman%2C+Warren&rft.aulast=Tulve&rft.aufirst=Nicolle&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=20&rft.spage=6269&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Science+%26+Technology&rft.issn=0013936X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1021%2Fes061021h LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-02-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - census; Housing; Consumer products; Organophosphates; Environmental health; Children; Lead; Soil; Chlorpyrifos; Urban planning; commissions; EPA; daycare; Allergens; Pesticides; Regional planning; Pyrethroids; technicians; Diazinon; USA DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es061021h ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Designing sensor systems capable of differentiating children from adults AN - 17175778; 6854492 AB - Introduction Injury prevention systems intended to prevent children from entering hazardous locations (or at least alert caregivers if that occurs) often respond to every instance of a person's presence, regardless of whether the intruder is a child. This performance results in a high nuisance alarm rate that sometimes causes adults to disable or circumvent the safety system. If a child safety system can accurately identify intruders as adults or children, nuisance alarm rates can be decreased. Method This analysis selects three human factors (height, foot length, and cognition) amenable to adult/child differentiation and describes likely sensor strategies, advantages, and disadvantages. Results Preliminary testing of prototypes systems shows that simple sensor systems are capable of acquiring adequate data for adult/child differentiation. The discussion addresses requirements for discriminator systems and the effects of various sensor combinations on overall performance. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Butturini, Randy AU - Midgett, Jonathan AD - U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States, rbutturini@cpsc.gov Y1 - 2006 PY - 2006 DA - 2006 SP - 175 EP - 185 PB - Elsevier Science Ltd., Pergamon, P.O. Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX UK, [mailto:nlinfo-f@elsevier.nl], [URL:http://www.elsevier.nl] VL - 37 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Injury prevention KW - Sensors KW - Drowning KW - Pool alarms KW - Anthropometrics KW - safety systems KW - Injuries KW - Alarm systems KW - prevention KW - Children KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17175778?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Designing+sensor+systems+capable+of+differentiating+children+from+adults&rft.au=Butturini%2C+Randy%3BMidgett%2C+Jonathan&rft.aulast=Butturini&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=175&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.jsr.2005.11.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-06-01 N1 - Last updated - 2015-03-25 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - safety systems; Injuries; Sensors; Alarm systems; prevention; Children DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2005.11.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Integration of behavioural requirements specification within compositional knowledge engineering. AN - 57632554; 407861 AB - In this paper it is shown how specification of behavioural requirements from informal to formal can be integrated within knowledge engineering. The integration of requirements specification has addressed, in particular: the integration of requirements acquisition and specification with ontology acquisition and specification, the relations between requirements specifications and specifications of task models and problem solving methods, and the relation of requirements specification to verification. (Original abstract) JF - Knowledge-Based Systems AU - Damian, Daniela E Herlea AU - Jonker, Catholijn M AU - Treur, Jan AU - Wijngaards, Niek J E AD - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Artificial Intelligence, De Boelelaan 1081a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands danah@cpsc.ucalgary.ca Y1 - 2005/11// PY - 2005 DA - November 2005 SP - 353 EP - 365 PB - Elsevier Ltd (NL) VL - 18 IS - 7 SN - 0950-7051, 0950-7051 KW - Integration KW - Requirements specification KW - Knowledge engineering KW - Ontology KW - 0: NETWORKS UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57632554?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Alisa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Knowledge-Based+Systems&rft.atitle=Integration+of+behavioural+requirements+specification+within+compositional+knowledge+engineering.&rft.au=Damian%2C+Daniela+E+Herlea%3BJonker%2C+Catholijn+M%3BTreur%2C+Jan%3BWijngaards%2C+Niek+J+E&rft.aulast=Damian&rft.aufirst=Daniela+E&rft.date=2005-11-01&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=353&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Knowledge-Based+Systems&rft.issn=09507051&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.knosys.2005.05.002 LA - English DB - Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) N1 - Date revised - 2006-06-01 N1 - Document feature - il. refs. N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Knowledge engineering; Requirements specification; Ontology; Integration DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2005.05.002 ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Human Exposure Assessment Strategies for Nanomaterials in Consumer Products T2 - 17th Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE 2005) AN - 39729828; 4026021 JF - 17th Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE 2005) AU - Thomas, T AU - Saltzman, L AU - Wind, M AU - Danello, M A Y1 - 2005/09/13/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Sep 13 KW - Consumer products KW - U 2000:Biological Sciences UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/39729828?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=17th+Conference+of+the+International+Society+for+Environmental+Epidemiology+%28ISEE+2005%29&rft.atitle=Human+Exposure+Assessment+Strategies+for+Nanomaterials+in+Consumer+Products&rft.au=Thomas%2C+T%3BSaltzman%2C+L%3BWind%2C+M%3BDanello%2C+M+A&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=T&rft.date=2005-09-13&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=17th+Conference+of+the+International+Society+for+Environmental+Epidemiology+%28ISEE+2005%29&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ L2 - http://www.epidem.com/pt/re/epidemiology/currenttoc.htm LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2008-05-21 N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Finding differentially expressed genes for pattern generation AN - 17525447; 6165772 AB - MOTIVATION: It is important to consider finding differentially expressed genes in a dataset of microarray experiments for pattern generation. RESULTS: We developed two methods which are mainly based on the q-values approach; the first is a direct extension of the q-values approach, while the second uses two approaches: q-values and maximum-likelihood. We present two algorithms for the second method, one for error minimization and the other for confidence bounding. Also, we show how the method called Patterns from Gene Expression (PaGE) (Grant et al., 2000) can benefit from q-values. Finally, we conducted some experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods; experimental results on a selected dataset (BRCA1 vs BRCA2 tumor types) are provided. JF - Bioinformatics AU - Abul, Osman AU - Alhajj, Reda AU - Polat, Faruk AU - Barker, Ken AD - Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University AnKara, Turkey, alhajj@cpsc.ucalgary.ca Y1 - 2005/02/15/ PY - 2005 DA - 2005 Feb 15 SP - 445 EP - 450 PB - Oxford University Press, Oxford Journals, Great Clarendon Street Oxford OX2 6DP UK, [mailto:jnl.samples@oup.co.uk], [URL:http://www3.oup.co.uk/jnls/] VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 1367-4803, 1367-4803 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - Algorithms KW - BRCA1 protein KW - Bioinformatics KW - BRCA2 protein KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews KW - W4 350:Bioinformatics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17525447?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bioinformatics&rft.atitle=Finding+differentially+expressed+genes+for+pattern+generation&rft.au=Abul%2C+Osman%3BAlhajj%2C+Reda%3BPolat%2C+Faruk%3BBarker%2C+Ken&rft.aulast=Abul&rft.aufirst=Osman&rft.date=2005-02-15&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=445&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Bioinformatics&rft.issn=13674803&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Algorithms; BRCA2 protein; BRCA1 protein; Bioinformatics ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Independent de-duplication in data cleaning. AN - 57657315; 200804362 AB - Many organizations collect large amounts of data to support their business and decision-making processes. The data originate from a variety of sources that may have inherent data-quality problems. These problems become more pronounced when heterogeneous data sources are integrated (for example, in data warehouses). A major problem that arises from integrating different databases is the existence of duplicates. The challenge of de-duplication is identifying "equivalent" records within the database. Most published research in de-duplication propose techniques that rely heavily on domain knowledge. A few others propose solutions that are partially domain-independent. This paper identifies two levels of domain-independence in de-duplication namely: domain-independence at the attribute level, and domain-independence at the record level. The paper then proposes a positional algorithm that achieves domain-independent de-duplication at the attribute level, and a technique for field weighting by data profiling, which, when used with the positional algorithm, achieves domain-independence at the record level. Experiments show that the proposed techniques achieve more accurate de-duplication than the existing algorithms. Adapted from the source document. JF - Journal of Information and Organizational Sciences AU - Udechukwu, Ajumobi AU - Ezeife, Christie AU - Barker, Ken AD - Dept. of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Canada ajumobiu@cpsc.ucalgary.ca Y1 - 2005///0, PY - 2005 DA - 0, 2005 SP - 53 EP - 68 PB - Faculty of Organization and Informatics, Varazdin, Croatia VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 1846-3312, 1846-3312 KW - Quality control KW - Information management KW - article KW - 10.1: INFORMATION WORK UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/57657315?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Alisa&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Information+and+Organizational+Sciences&rft.atitle=Independent+de-duplication+in+data+cleaning.&rft.au=Udechukwu%2C+Ajumobi%3BEzeife%2C+Christie%3BBarker%2C+Ken&rft.aulast=Udechukwu&rft.aufirst=Ajumobi&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=53&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Information+and+Organizational+Sciences&rft.issn=18463312&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA) N1 - Date revised - 2008-08-04 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Information management; Quality control ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment of oral exposure to diisononyl phthalate from children's products AN - 17787024; 6144290 AB - Dialkyl phthalates are plasticizers used in household products made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) is the principal phthalate in soft plastic toys. Because DINP is not tightly bound to PVC, it may be released when children mouth PVC products. The potential chronic health risks of phthalate exposure to infants have been under scrutiny by regulatory agencies in Europe, Canada, Japan, and the U.S. This report describes a risk assessment of DINP exposure from children's products, by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) staff. This report includes the findings of a CPSC Chronic Hazard Advisory Panel (CHAP) which: (1) concluded that DINP is unlikely to present a human cancer hazard and (2) recommended an acceptable daily intake (ADI) level of 120 mu g/kg-d, based on spongiosis hepatis in rats. The risk assessment incorporates new measurements of DINP migration rates from 24 toys and a new observational study of children's mouthing activities, with a detailed characterization of the objects mouthed. Probabilistic methods were used to estimate exposure. Mouthing behavior and, thus, exposure depend on the child's age. Approximately 42% of tested soft plastic toys contained DINP. Estimated DINP exposures for soft plastic toys were greatest among children 12-23 months old. The mean exposure for this age group was 0.08 (95% confidence interval 0.04-0.14) mu g /kg-d, with a 99th percentile of 2.4 (1.3-3.2) mu g/kg-d. The authors conclude that oral exposure to DINP from mouthing soft plastic toys is not likely to present a health hazard to children. The opinions expressed by the authors have not been reviewed or approved by, and do not necessarily reflect the views of, the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Because this material was prepared by the authors in their official capacity, it is in the public domain and may be freely copied or reprinted. JF - Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology AU - Babich, MA AU - Chen, S-B AU - Greene, MA AU - Kiss, C T AU - Porter, W K AU - Smith, T P AU - Wind, M L AU - Zamula, W W AD - Directorate for Economic Analysis, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA, Mbabich@cpsc.gov Y1 - 2004/11// PY - 2004 DA - Nov 2004 SP - 151 EP - 167 VL - 40 IS - 2 SN - 0273-2300, 0273-2300 KW - Toxicology Abstracts KW - diisononyl phthalate KW - Risk assessment KW - Household products KW - Exposure KW - Reviews KW - Plasticizers KW - polyvinyl chloride KW - Children KW - Cancer KW - Public health KW - X 24222:Analytical procedures UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17787024?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxicologyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+of+oral+exposure+to+diisononyl+phthalate+from+children%27s+products&rft.au=Babich%2C+MA%3BChen%2C+S-B%3BGreene%2C+MA%3BKiss%2C+C+T%3BPorter%2C+W+K%3BSmith%2C+T+P%3BWind%2C+M+L%3BZamula%2C+W+W&rft.aulast=Babich&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=2004-11-01&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=151&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Regulatory+Toxicology+and+Pharmacology&rft.issn=02732300&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.yrtph.2004.06.005 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Children; Public health; Risk assessment; diisononyl phthalate; polyvinyl chloride; Reviews; Cancer; Exposure; Plasticizers; Household products DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2004.06.005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Synchronization of oscillations for machine perception of gaits AN - 17695449; 6004852 AB - Substantial evidence supports a relationship between gait perception and gait synthesis. Furthermore, passive mechanical systems demonstrate that the jointed leg systems of humans have innate oscillations that form a gait. These observations suggest that systems may perceive gaits by synchronizing an internal oscillating model to observed oscillations. We present such a system in this paper that uses phase-locked loops to synchronize an internal oscillator with oscillations from a video source. Arrays of phase-locked loops, called video phase-locked loops, synchronize a system with the oscillations in pixel intensities. We then test the perception of the resulting synchronized- oscillator model in various gait recognition tasks. Tools based on Procrustes analysis and directional statistics provide the computational mechanism to compare patterns of oscillations. We discuss the possibility of an alternative model for motion perception based on synchronization with the transient oscillations of temporal band-pass filters that is consistent with other proposed models for human perception. Synchronization of a kinematic model to oscillations also suggests a path to bridge the gap between the model-free and model-based domains. Keywords: Gait analysis; Gait recognition; Gait perception; Motion analysis; Oscillating motion; Phase-locked loops; Optical flow JF - Computer Vision and Image Understanding AU - Boyd, JE AD - Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada T2N 1N4, boyd@cpsc.ucalgary.ca Y1 - 2004/10// PY - 2004 DA - Oct 2004 SP - 35 EP - 59 VL - 96 IS - 1 SN - 1077-3142, 1077-3142 KW - Biotechnology and Bioengineering Abstracts; Bioengineering Abstracts KW - W4 140:Bioinformatics & Computers in Health & Medicine KW - W 30965:Miscellaneous, Reviews UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17695449?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Abiotechresearch&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Vision+and+Image+Understanding&rft.atitle=Synchronization+of+oscillations+for+machine+perception+of+gaits&rft.au=Boyd%2C+JE&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=JE&rft.date=2004-10-01&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=35&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Computer+Vision+and+Image+Understanding&rft.issn=10773142&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.cviu.2004.04.004 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2004.04.004 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The effectiveness of child-resistant packaging for aspirin. AN - 72029965; 12197802 AB - To evaluate the effectiveness of child-resistant packaging in reducing the mortality rate from the unintentional ingestion of aspirin for children younger than 5 years. Estimates of the annual aspirin-related mortality rate for children younger than 5 years in the United States were developed for the 1958-1990 study period. A multivariate negative binomial regression model was then used to estimate the independent effect of the packaging requirements on the child mortality rate during the postintervention period. The analysis controlled for changes in the per capita use of aspirin, long-term safety trends, and other extraneous and potentially confounding factors that may have affected the aspirin-related child mortality rate. Estimated percentage reduction in the child mortality rate associated with the use of child-resistant packaging. After controlling for covariates, the use of child-resistant packaging was associated with a 34% reduction in the aspirin-related child mortality rate. This mortality rate reduction equates to the prevention of about 90 child deaths during the 1973-1990 postregulatory study period. Child-resistant packaging has been effective in reducing aspirin-related child poisonings. However, because its effectiveness is only partial, further poison prevention strategies should be developed and instituted. JF - Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine AU - Rodgers, Gregory B AD - Directorate for Economic Analysis, US Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC 20207, USA. grodgers@cpsc.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - September 2002 SP - 929 EP - 933 VL - 156 IS - 9 SN - 1072-4710, 1072-4710 KW - Aspirin KW - R16CO5Y76E KW - Abridged Index Medicus KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Infant KW - Regression Analysis KW - Humans KW - Poisoning -- mortality KW - Poisoning -- prevention & control KW - Multivariate Analysis KW - Child, Preschool KW - Drug Packaging KW - Aspirin -- poisoning KW - Protective Devices UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/72029965?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+pediatrics+%26+adolescent+medicine&rft.atitle=The+effectiveness+of+child-resistant+packaging+for+aspirin.&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+Gregory+B&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=156&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=929&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+pediatrics+%26+adolescent+medicine&rft.issn=10724710&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 2002-10-09 N1 - Date created - 2002-08-28 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-18 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Study of the effectiveness of the US safety standard for child resistant cigarette lighters AN - 18553700; 5525913 AB - The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the US Consumer Product Safety Commission's (CPSC) Safety Standard for Cigarette Lighters, which requires that disposable cigarette lighters be resistant to operation by children younger than age 5. Fire data on children playing with lighters were solicited from selected US fire departments for incidents occurring from 1997-99, to identify the proportion of such fires caused by children younger than age 5 playing with cigarette lighters. These data were compared with similar data from 1985-87. An odds ratio was used to determine if there was a significant decrease in cigarette lighter fires caused by children younger than age 5 compared to children ages 5 and older. To estimate fires that would have occurred without the standard, the odds ratio, adjusted for population, was applied to 1998 national estimates of fires occurring. National estimates of 1998 fire losses were based on data from the National Fire Incident Reporting System and the National Fire Protection Association to which the 1997-99 age and lighter type distributions were applied. The difference between the fire losses that would have occurred and those that did occur represented fire losses prevented. In the post-standard study, 48% of the cigarette lighter fires were started by children younger than age 5, compared with 71% in the pre-standard study. The odds ratio of 0.42 was statistically significant (p<0.01). This represented a 58% reduction in fires caused by the younger age group compared to the older age group. When applied to national fire loss data, an estimated 3300 fires, 100 deaths, 660 injuries, and $52.5 million in property loss were prevented by the standard in 1998, totaling $566.8 million in 1998 societal savings. The CPSC standard requiring child resistant cigarette lighters has reduced fire deaths, injuries, and property loss caused by children playing with cigarette lighters and can be expected to prevent additional fire losses in subsequent years. JF - Injury Prevention AU - Smith, LE AU - Greene, MA AU - Singh, HA AD - Hazard Analysis Division, Directorate for Epidemiology, US Consumer Product Safety Commission, 4330 East West Highway, Bethesda, MD 20814-4408, USA, lsmith@cpsc.gov Y1 - 2002/09// PY - 2002 DA - Sep 2002 SP - 192 EP - 196 VL - 8 IS - 3 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - cigarette lighters KW - safety regulations KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 9000:Consumer and Recreation Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18553700?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Study+of+the+effectiveness+of+the+US+safety+standard+for+child+resistant+cigarette+lighters&rft.au=Smith%2C+LE%3BGreene%2C+MA%3BSingh%2C+HA&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=LE&rft.date=2002-09-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=192&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of state helmet laws on bicycle helmet use by children and adolescents AN - 18497781; 5463037 AB - Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of state helmet laws in increasing the use of bicycle helmets by children and adolescents under age 16. Setting: United States. Methods: A cross sectional study of factors associated with the likelihood of helmet use by children and adolescents. Data were derived from a national random digit dial telephone survey of bicycle riders. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the independent effect of the state helmet laws on helmet use. Results: Helmet use was systematically related to the presence of state helmet laws (odds ratio 2.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29 to 5.44). The increase in the average probability of helmet use attributable to state helmet laws was 18.4% (95% CI 17.8% to 19.0%). Conclusions: State helmet laws significantly increase helmet use by children and play an important part in any comprehensive effort designed to achieve this goal. JF - Injury Prevention AU - Rodgers, G B AD - Directorate for Economic Analysis, US Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC 20207, USA, grodgers@cpsc.gov Y1 - 2002/03// PY - 2002 DA - Mar 2002 SP - 42 EP - 46 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1353-8047, 1353-8047 KW - bicycles KW - helmets KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - PE 130:Sport Law KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18497781?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Prevention&rft.atitle=Effects+of+state+helmet+laws+on+bicycle+helmet+use+by+children+and+adolescents&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=42&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Prevention&rft.issn=13538047&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Baby boomer sports injuries AN - 18168177; 5139300 JF - Injury Control and Safety Promotion AU - Rutherford, G AD - U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, MD, USA, grutherford@cpsc.gov Y1 - 2001/03// PY - 2001 DA - Mar 2001 SP - 51 EP - 53 VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1566-0974, 1566-0974 KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - sports related injuries KW - Accidents KW - Age KW - H 11000:Diseases/Injuries/Trauma UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/18168177?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Control+and+Safety+Promotion&rft.atitle=Baby+boomer+sports+injuries&rft.au=Rutherford%2C+G&rft.aulast=Rutherford&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2001-03-01&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=51&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Control+and+Safety+Promotion&rft.issn=15660974&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - sports related injuries; Age; Accidents ER - TY - CPAPER T1 - Emerging role of environmentalists in product safety issues AN - 40819092; 1079899 AU - Baxter, L Y1 - 2000/12/31/ PY - 2000 DA - 2000 Dec 31 KW - CPI, Conference Papers Index KW - U 3500:CLINICAL MEDICINE KW - U 2500:CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/40819092?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Acpi&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=conference&rft.jtitle=&rft.atitle=Emerging+role+of+environmentalists+in+product+safety+issues&rft.au=Baxter%2C+L&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=L&rft.date=2000-12-31&rft.volume=&rft.issue=&rft.spage=&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - SuppNotes - Availability: National Environmental Health Association, 720 South Colorado Blvd., Suite 970, South Tower, Denver, CO 80222, USA N1 - Last updated - 2010-05-03 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bicycle helmet ownership and use in the United States AN - 17619984; 4758744 AB - Head injuries are among the most serious and life-threatening injuries that can be sustained by bicyclists. They are also among the most preventable. Recent studies of bicycle helmet effectiveness have shown that helmets can substantially reduce both the likelihood and severity of head injury. Despite widespread interest in getting bicyclists to wear helmets, the extent of helmet usage has not been well documented in the U.S., especially at the national level. To help remedy this situation, a national telephone survey of bike helmet usage patterns was conducted by Yankelovich Partners in 1998 and released by McDonald's and the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission as part of a national bike helmet safety campaign. The survey collected information on the ownership and use of bicycle helmets, and the reasons why bicycle riders use or do not use them. JF - Injury Control and Safety Promotion AU - Rodgers, G B AD - Directorate For Economic Analysis, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC, USA, grodgers@cpsc.gov Y1 - 2000/06// PY - 2000 DA - Jun 2000 SP - 135 EP - 138 VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1566-0974, 1566-0974 KW - bicycles KW - helmets KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - Bicycling KW - Consumer products KW - Injuries KW - Head KW - Helmets KW - Safety KW - Protective equipment KW - PE 140:Business, Marketing & Sports Equipment KW - H 9000:Consumer and Recreation Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17619984?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Injury+Control+and+Safety+Promotion&rft.atitle=Bicycle+helmet+ownership+and+use+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-06-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=135&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Injury+Control+and+Safety+Promotion&rft.issn=15660974&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Helmets; Bicycling; Head; Injuries; Safety; Protective equipment; Consumer products ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Bicycle and Bicycle Helmet Use Patterns in the United States in 1998 AN - 17634049; 4785354 AB - While national estimates of bicycle-related injuries and deaths are readily available, information about the characteristics and use patterns of bicyclists is not regularly monitored. This article describes the results of a national survey of U.S. bicycle riders conducted in 1998. The survey employed a single-stage list-assisted random digit-dial sample design, and collected information about some of the characteristics and bicycle use patterns of a probability sample of over 1,000 U.S. bicyclists. The results of the survey provide information about: the population of bicyclists; selected characteristics of riders (e.g., age, gender, experience); bicycle use patterns (how much and where bicycles are ridden); helmet usage patterns; and the demographic characteristics of rider households. The results of the survey are evaluated in conjunction with national injury estimates to calculate bicycle-related injury rates. The results are also compared to those of a similar survey conducted in 1991 to evaluate changes in bicycle and helmet use patterns over time. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Rodgers, G B AD - U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), USA Y1 - 2000 PY - 2000 DA - 2000 SP - 149 EP - 158 VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - USA KW - bicycles KW - helmets KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Physical Education Index KW - Mortality KW - Death KW - Injuries KW - Helmets KW - Safety KW - Protective equipment KW - Bicycling KW - Accidents KW - History KW - PE 140:Business, Marketing & Sports Equipment KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17634049?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Aphysicaleducation&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Bicycle+and+Bicycle+Helmet+Use+Patterns+in+the+United+States+in+1998&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=2000-01-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=149&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0022-4375%2800%2900033-5 LA - English DB - Physical Education Index; ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Bicycling; Injuries; Death; Helmets; Safety; History; Protective equipment; Mortality; Accidents DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4375(00)00033-5 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Review of Hazards Associated With Children Placed in Adult Beds AN - 17510788; 4694678 AB - Objectives: To identify and assess dangers associated with placing children younger than 2 years to sleep in adult beds. This article focuses on overlying, wedging, and strangulation hazards and the relationship of these hazards to children's sleeping environments. Design: A retrospective review and analysis of data collected by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission on deaths of children younger than 2 years in standard adult beds, daybeds, and waterbeds. The review included incident data from January 1990 through December 1997. Results: The 8-year records showed a total of 515 deaths of children younger than 2 years who were placed to sleep on adult beds. Of these deaths, 121 were reported to be due to overlying of the child by a parent, other adult, or sibling sleeping in bed with the child and 394 were due to entrapment in the bed structure. Most of these deaths seem to have resulted from suffocation or strangulation caused by entrapment of the child's head in various structures of the bed. Conclusions: Placing children younger than 2 years to sleep in adult beds exposes them to potentially fatal hazards that are generally not recognized by the parent or caregiver. These hazards include overlying by a parent, sibling, or other adult sharing the bed; entrapment or wedging of the child between the mattress and another object; head entrapment in bed railings; and suffocation on waterbeds. Parents and caregivers should be alerted to these avoidable hazards. JF - Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine AU - Nakamura, S AU - Wind, M AU - Danello, MA AD - US Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, Md, USA, snakamura@cpsc.gov Y1 - 1999/10// PY - 1999 DA - Oct 1999 SP - 1019 EP - 1023 VL - 153 IS - 10 SN - 1072-4710, 1072-4710 KW - adult beds KW - sleep KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Risk assessment KW - Consumer products KW - Children KW - Hazards KW - Infants KW - H 9000:Consumer and Recreation Safety KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17510788?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archives+of+Pediatrics+%26+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.atitle=Review+of+Hazards+Associated+With+Children+Placed+in+Adult+Beds&rft.au=Nakamura%2C+S%3BWind%2C+M%3BDanello%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=S&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1019&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Archives+of+Pediatrics+%26+Adolescent+Medicine&rft.issn=10724710&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Infants; Children; Hazards; Consumer products; Risk assessment ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The characteristics and use patterns of all-terrain vehicle drivers in the United States AN - 17271283; 4571318 AB - The consent decrees between the US Consumer Product Safety Commission and the major distributors of all-terrain vehicles (ATV), which were designed to address ATV-related injuries and deaths, expired in April, 1998. While national estimates of nonfatal and fatal injuries involving ATVs declined after the consent decrees went into effect 10 years ago, the injury estimates have stabilized in recent years. To gain a better understanding of current ATV use patterns, the CPSC sponsored a national probability survey of ATV drivers in the fall of 1997. The survey was designed to collect information about the characteristics and use patterns of ATV drivers and to quantify the numbers and types of ATVs in use. It employed a single stage list-assisted random-digit-dial sample design. This article describes the results of the survey, and discusses long term ATV usage trends. JF - Accident Analysis & Prevention AU - Rodgers, G B AD - Directorate for Economic Analysis, US Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC 20207, USA, grodgers@cpsc.gov Y1 - 1999/07// PY - 1999 DA - Jul 1999 SP - 409 EP - 419 VL - 31 IS - 4 SN - 0001-4575, 0001-4575 KW - USA KW - all-terrain vehicles KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - Mortality KW - Injuries KW - Motor vehicles KW - Accidents KW - Human factors KW - R2 23020:Technological risks KW - H 2000:Transportation UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/17271283?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Accident+Analysis+%26+Prevention&rft.atitle=The+characteristics+and+use+patterns+of+all-terrain+vehicle+drivers+in+the+United+States&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1999-07-01&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=409&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Accident+Analysis+%26+Prevention&rft.issn=00014575&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Injuries; Mortality; Human factors; Accidents; Motor vehicles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk assessment of low-level chemical exposures from consumer products under the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission chronic hazard guidelines AN - 16391600; 4305862 AB - The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is an independant regulatory agency that was created in 1973. The CPSC has jurisdiction over more the 15,000 types of consumer products used in and around the home or by children, except items such as food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, pesticides, certain radioactive materials, products that emit radiation (e.g., microwave ovens), and automobiles. The CPSC has investigated many low-level exposures from consumer products, including formaldehyde emissions from urea-formaldehyde foam insulation and pressed wood products, CO and NO sub(2) emissions from combustion appliances, and dioxin in paper products. Many chemical hazards are addressed under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA), which applies to acute and chronic health effects resulting from high- or low-level exposures. In 1992 the Commission issued guidelines for assessing chronic hazards under the FHSA, including carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive/developmental toxicity, exposure, bioavailability, risk assessment, and acceptable risk. The chronic hazard guidelines describe a series of default assumptions, which are used in the absence of evidence to the contrary. However, the guidelines are intended to be sufficiently flexible to incorporate the latest scientific information. The use of alternative procedures is permissible, on a case-by-case basis, provided that the procedures used are scientifically defensible and supported by appropriate data. The application of the chronic hazard guidelines in assessing the risks from low-level exposures is discussed. JF - Environmental Health Perspectives AU - Babich, MA AD - Division of Health Sciences, Directorate for Epidemiology and Health Sciences, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC 20207, USA, cpsc/g=michael/i=a./s=babich/o=cpsc@mhs.attmail.com Y1 - 1998/02// PY - 1998 DA - Feb 1998 SP - 387 EP - 390 VL - 106 SN - 0091-6765, 0091-6765 KW - U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission KW - consumer products KW - Toxicology Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts; Risk Abstracts KW - X 24140:Cosmetics, toiletries & household products KW - H 9000:Consumer and Recreation Safety KW - X 24230:Legislation & recommended standards KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health KW - P 6000:TOXICOLOGY AND HEALTH UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16391600?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.atitle=Risk+assessment+of+low-level+chemical+exposures+from+consumer+products+under+the+U.S.+Consumer+Product+Safety+Commission+chronic+hazard+guidelines&rft.au=Babich%2C+MA&rft.aulast=Babich&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.date=1998-02-01&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=&rft.spage=387&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&rft.issn=00916765&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Factors associated with the crash risk of adult bicyclists AN - 16239849; 4227341 AB - This article evaluates the factors associated with the crash risk of adult bicyclists. A logistic regression analysis was used to determine and quantify risk factors, controlling simultaneously for a number of rider characteristics and bicycle use patterns. The analysis was based on data from a national survey of over 3,000 adult bicyclists, age 18 and older. The survey gathered information on the characteristics and use patterns of the bicyclists, and whether they had crashed or fallen from their bicycles during the preceding year. The results of the analysis show that the bicycle crash risk is systematically related to a rider's age, riding distances, riding surface, bicycle type, and geographical region of residence. JF - Journal of Safety Research AU - Rodgers, G B AD - U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1997 PY - 1997 DA - 1997 SP - 233 EP - 241 VL - 28 IS - 4 SN - 0022-4375, 0022-4375 KW - Risk Abstracts; Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - H 9000:Consumer and Recreation Safety KW - R2 23060:Medical and environmental health UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/16239849?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.atitle=Factors+associated+with+the+crash+risk+of+adult+bicyclists&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+G+B&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=G&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=233&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+Safety+Research&rft.issn=00224375&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of volatile organic chemical emissions from carpet cushions AN - 15676219; 3962568 AB - The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission is investigating chemical emissions from carpet systems in order to determine whether the emissions may be responsible for the numerous health complaints associated with carpet installation. As part of this effort, a study was conducted to identify and quantify volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released into the air by five major product types of new carpet cushions. Cushion samples were tested in small-volume dynamic chambers over a six-hour exposure period. Airborne VOCs collected on multisorbent samplers were identified using sensitive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The emissions of selected VOCs were quantitated with the small-scale chamber method and further characterized in larger environmental chambers conducted over a 96-hour period under conditions more representative of indoor environments. A separate chamber method was developed to screen polyurethane cushions for emissions of toluene diisocyanates (TDI). Over 100 VOCs, spanning a broad range of chemical classes, were emitted from 17 carpet cushions. The pattern of emitted VOCs varied between and among product types, which reflects probable differences in manufacturing processes and ingredients. No significant quantities of TDI or formaldehyde were released by any cushions. Emission profiles were characterized for total VOCs and for the predominant individual VOCs. As a group, the synthetic fiber cushion samples emitted the lowest quantities of VOCs. JF - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association AU - Schaeffer, V H AU - Bhooshan, B AU - Chen, Shing-Bong AU - Sonenthal, J S AU - Hodgson, A T AD - U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, DC, USA Y1 - 1996 PY - 1996 DA - 1996 SP - 813 EP - 820 VL - 46 IS - 9 SN - 1047-3289, 1047-3289 KW - carpets KW - toluene diisocyanates KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts; Pollution Abstracts KW - air pollution KW - indoor environments KW - chemical pollution KW - emissions KW - consumer products KW - formaldehyde KW - volatile organic compounds KW - H SE3.20:AIR POLLUTION/AIR QUALITY KW - P 0000:AIR POLLUTION UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/15676219?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Apollution&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+volatile+organic+chemical+emissions+from+carpet+cushions&rft.au=Schaeffer%2C+V+H%3BBhooshan%2C+B%3BChen%2C+Shing-Bong%3BSonenthal%2C+J+S%3BHodgson%2C+A+T&rft.aulast=Schaeffer&rft.aufirst=V&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=9&rft.spage=813&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Journal+of+the+Air+%26+Waste+Management+Association&rft.issn=10473289&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2006-11-01 N1 - SuppNotes - Special issue: Engineering solutions to indoor air quality problems. N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-13 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - volatile organic compounds; emissions; air pollution; indoor environments; consumer products; chemical pollution; formaldehyde ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The Collective Stance in Modeling Expertise in Individuals and Organizations AN - 61354545; 9408968 AB - Examines modeling the nature of expertise & its role in society in relation to research on expert systems & enterprise models. The adoption of a collective stance is proposed, in which the human species is viewed as a single organism recursively partitioned in space & time into suborganisms that are similar to the whole. These parts include societies, organizations, groups, individuals, roles, & neurological functions. Notions of expertise arise because the organism adapts as a whole through adaptation of its interacting parts. The knowledge-level phenomena of expertise, eg, meaning & its representation in language & overt knowledge, arise as byproducts of the communication, coordination, & modeling processes associated with the basic exchange-theoretic behavioral model. The model is linked to existing analyses of human action & knowledge in biology, psychology, sociology, & philosophy, & is used to analyze the role of information technology in supporting activities in the lifeworld. 4 Figures, 82 References. Adapted from the source document. JF - International Journal of Expert Systems AU - Gaines, Brian R AD - Knowledge Science Instit U Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 gaines@cpsc.ucalgary.ca Y1 - 1994///0, PY - 1994 DA - 0, 1994 SP - 19 EP - 49 VL - 7 IS - 1 KW - expertise, individuals/organizations, collective stance model KW - Information Technology KW - Research Methodology KW - Expert Systems KW - Theoretical Problems KW - Social Factors KW - Experts KW - Roles KW - article KW - 0161: methodology and research technology; models: mathematical & other UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/61354545?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Expert+Systems&rft.atitle=The+Collective+Stance+in+Modeling+Expertise+in+Individuals+and+Organizations&rft.au=Gaines%2C+Brian+R&rft.aulast=Gaines&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=19&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=International+Journal+of+Expert+Systems&rft.issn=&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Sociological Abstracts N1 - Date revised - 2007-04-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-28 N1 - CODEN - IJSYED N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Experts; Social Factors; Research Methodology; Expert Systems; Theoretical Problems; Information Technology; Roles ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A Planning Mechanism for Generating Story Text AN - 58213141; 9204046 AB - All automatic text-generating systems must confront problems of sentence content & surface form, whereas systems that generate complete discourse face the additional difficulty of maintaining a logical & coherent flow of ideas. A computer program is described that addresses these & related problems through the process of telling stories. Coherent story text is generated by taking advantage of an analogy between game playing & storytelling. The TAILOR program uses production rules & a context model to generate text that reflects salient story points that are sequenced using a problem-solving approach in which characters are expected to satisfy goals. Some methods for improving the quality of the text generated are suggested. 9 Figures, 36 References. Adapted from the source document JF - Literary and Linguistic Computing AU - Smith, Tony C AU - Witten, Ian H AD - Knowledge Science Laboratory U Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 tony@cpsc.ucalgary.ca Y1 - 1991///0, PY - 1991 DA - 0, 1991 SP - 119 EP - 126 VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 0268-1145, 0268-1145 KW - automatic text/discourse generation program, TAILOR story text generation KW - Computer Generated Language Analysis (14300) KW - Computational Linguistics (14100) KW - article KW - 5113: descriptive linguistics; computational and mathematical linguistics UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/58213141?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Allba&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Literary+and+Linguistic+Computing&rft.atitle=A+Planning+Mechanism+for+Generating+Story+Text&rft.au=Smith%2C+Tony+C%3BWitten%2C+Ian+H&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=119&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Literary+and+Linguistic+Computing&rft.issn=02681145&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) N1 - Date revised - 2003-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2016-09-27 N1 - CODEN - LLCOEI N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Computational Linguistics (14100); Computer Generated Language Analysis (14300) ER - TY - JOUR T1 - A risk assessment for acrylonitrile in consumer products. AN - 80282427; 2077659 AB - A carcinogenic risk assessment for acrylonitrile in consumer products was prepared as part of the Second Workshop on Pragmatics of Risk Assessment, Bethesda, MD. Data from one inhalation and two oral rat bioassays served as input into several high-to-low-dose mathematical risk extrapolation models. The final unit risk estimates for humans were based on maximum likelihood estimates from the Global83 implementation of the multistage model after adjustments for surface area differences, continuous versus intermittent exposures, and the proportion of lifetime exposed. The unit risk estimates for lifetime exposure to 1 mg kg-1 day-1 by inhalation and ingestion were 0.0531 and 0.2385, respectively. These risks are equivalent to risks of 3.3 x 10(-8) for inhalation of 1 ppt in air and 3.4 x 10(-9) for ingestion of 1 ng day.-1 JF - The Science of the total environment AU - Johnston, P K AU - Rock, A R AD - U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Bethesda, MD 20207. Y1 - 1990/12/15/ PY - 1990 DA - 1990 Dec 15 SP - 263 EP - 77; discussion 277-9 VL - 99 IS - 3 SN - 0048-9697, 0048-9697 KW - Carcinogens KW - 0 KW - Acrylonitrile KW - MP1U0D42PE KW - Index Medicus KW - United States KW - Rats KW - Animals KW - Risk Factors KW - Government Agencies KW - Carcinogenicity Tests KW - Male KW - Female KW - Consumer Product Safety KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- chemically induced KW - Acrylonitrile -- toxicity KW - Neoplasms, Experimental -- pathology UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/80282427?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Atoxline&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.atitle=A+risk+assessment+for+acrylonitrile+in+consumer+products.&rft.au=Johnston%2C+P+K%3BRock%2C+A+R&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1990-12-15&rft.volume=99&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=263&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=The+Science+of+the+total+environment&rft.issn=00489697&rft_id=info:doi/ LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date completed - 1991-04-25 N1 - Date created - 1991-04-25 N1 - Date revised - 2017-01-13 N1 - Last updated - 2017-01-17 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluating Product-Related Hazards At the Consumer Product Safety Commission. The Case of All-Terrain Vehicles AN - 20939976; 11009267 AB - Multivariate qualitative response models, such as logit regression models, are useful in evaluating product-related risk at the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). They are used to determine and quantify the factors associated with accidents, and can suggest or justify appropriate regulatory responses. This article applies the method to evaluating risks associated with all-terrain vehicles. A logit regression model is used to analyze data from surveys of users and accident victims. Both driver and vehicle characteristics are found to be associated with accidents, and conditional probabilities of injury are calculated. Policy implications are discussed and suggestions for the further application of this method are provided. JF - Evaluation Review AU - Rodgers, Gregory B AD - U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Y1 - 1990/02// PY - 1990 DA - Feb 1990 SP - 3 EP - 21 PB - Sage Publications Ltd., 6 Bonhill St. London EC2A 4PU UK VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 0193-841X, 0193-841X KW - Health & Safety Science Abstracts KW - Consumer products KW - Injuries KW - Hazards KW - commissions KW - Accidents KW - all-terrain vehicles KW - Reviews KW - H 9000:Consumer and Recreation Safety UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/20939976?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ahealthsafetyabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evaluation+Review&rft.atitle=Evaluating+Product-Related+Hazards+At+the+Consumer+Product+Safety+Commission.+The+Case+of+All-Terrain+Vehicles&rft.au=Rodgers%2C+Gregory+B&rft.aulast=Rodgers&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft.date=1990-02-01&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=3&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Evaluation+Review&rft.issn=0193841X&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0193841X9001400101 LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2009-10-01 N1 - Last updated - 2011-12-14 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Hazards; commissions; Accidents; Injuries; Consumer products; all-terrain vehicles; Reviews DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841X9001400101 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - THE ELIMINATION OF CARCINOGENIC RISKS IN CONSUMER PRODUCTS AN - 867744187; 14669023 JF - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences AU - Preuss, P W AD - P. W. Preuss is Associate Executive Director for Health Sciences of the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission. Y1 - 1981/04// PY - 1981 DA - Apr 1981 SP - 63 EP - 70 PB - Wiley-Blackwell, 111 River Street Hoboken NJ 07030-5774 USA VL - 363 IS - 1 SN - 0077-8923, 0077-8923 KW - Risk Abstracts KW - Carcinogenicity KW - Consumer products KW - R2 23010:General: Models, forecasting UR - http://libproxy.lib.unc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/867744187?accountid=14244 L2 - http://vb3lk7eb4t.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Ariskabstracts&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=THE+ELIMINATION+OF+CARCINOGENIC+RISKS+IN+CONSUMER+PRODUCTS&rft.au=Preuss%2C+P+W&rft.aulast=Preuss&rft.aufirst=P&rft.date=1981-04-01&rft.volume=363&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=63&rft.isbn=&rft.btitle=&rft.title=Annals+of+the+New+York+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.issn=00778923&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1749-6632.1981.tb20720.x LA - English DB - ProQuest Environmental Science Collection N1 - Date revised - 2011-05-01 N1 - Last updated - 2012-06-18 N1 - SubjectsTermNotLitGenreText - Consumer products; Carcinogenicity DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb20720.x ER -